Ecological science, the Biosphere Books

Book SynopsisThis publication explores how the international Nile perch fish chain should or can be organised to improve both welfare of local communities, sustainability of the fisheries and quality of the fish. Primary producers face a number of bottlenecks such as poor access to production facilities, ineffective enforcement of sustainable practices, lack of market (price) information, competition with international markets and degradation of the fisheries that lead to increasing food insecurity problems. In order to improve sustainability and quality, primary producers are open to contracts that enable them better access to production facilities and price information, and also to better integrate them into international channels. Sustainable practices can or should be part of these contracts. Although the downstream channel members and other stakeholders were not fully aware of the complexity and gravity of the upstream problems, they appeared to be willing to help to improve the situation at Lake Victoria. It is therefore a corporate social responsibility for the downstream channel members, as well as nature conservation organizations and the donor community, to empower the primary producers and local communities in developing countries to implement welfare, sustainability and quality-enhancing practices. This publication outlines several mechanisms to achieves these goals.

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Book SynopsisAlso available as E-book see landschapsecologie For more information about the e-book, please contact Sales. Dit boek biedt een compact en praktisch overzicht van de landschapsecologie. Het rangordemodel staat centraal. In dit model worden de verschillende lagen die in het landschap te onderscheiden zijn met elkaar in verband gebracht. De hoofdstukken in het boek behandelen alle een laag in het model, waaronder hydrologie, bodemkunde, planten en dieren, met een duidelijke positionering richting de andere lagen. Op deze manier leert de lezer snel de belangrijkste begrippen en verbanden in de landschapsecologie en wordt het mogelijk om die te herkennen in het landschap. Ieder hoofdstuk eindigt met de beschrijving van een Nederlands landschap. Hierin worden de behandelde principes in samenhang toegelicht en wordt duidelijk hoe de theorie in de werkpraktijk van de landschapsecoloog toegepast kan worden. Dit boek is daardoor erg geschikt voor gebruik in het HBO onderwijs en het groene werkveld.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is specific and ambitious: to outline the distinctive elements, scope, and usefulness of a new and emerging field of applied ecology named warfare ecology. Based on a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico, the book provides both a theoretical overview of this new field and case studies that range from mercury contamination during World War I in Slovenia to the ecosystem impacts of the Palestinian occupation, and from the bombing of coral reefs of Vieques to biodiversity loss due to violent conflicts in Africa. Warfare Ecology also includes reprints of several classical papers that set the stage for the new synthesis described by the authors. Written for environmental scientists, military and humanitarian relief professionals, conservation managers, and graduate students in a wide range of fields, Warfare Ecology is a major step forward in understanding the relationship between war and ecological systems.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book is a product of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop entitled ‘Warfare Ecology: Synthesis, Priorities and Policy Implications for Peace and Security’ … . The volume does provide much useful and interesting information in the context of war and ecology … . the book is well prepared and edited … . This book is written for a varied audience, among them military and security professional, politicians, ecologists and social scientists. It is worth reading.” (Matthias Schaefer, Basic and Applied Ecology, Vol. 13, 2012)Table of ContentsPreface.- Introduction: A New Synthesis; G.E. Machlis et al.- Part 1. Foundations.- Environmental Consequences of the Second Indo-China War; A. Westing, 1975, reprinted from Ambio.- Environmental Change and Violent Conflict; T.F. Homer-Dixon et al.- Resource Competition and World Pollitics in the Twenty-First Century; M. Klare, 2000 reprinted from Current History.- Warfare Ecology; G.E. Machlis, T. Hanson, 2008, reprinted from BioScience.- Part 2. Preparations.- Climate Change, Natural Resources, and Conflict: A Contribution to the Ecology of Warfare; J.A. McNeely.- Ecological Impacts of Large-Scale War Preparations: Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan, M. Burkitbayev et al.- Ecological, Radiological and Toxicological Effects of Naval Bombardment on the Coral Reefs of Isla de Vieques, Puerto Rico; J.W. Porter et al.- Part 3. War.- War and Biodiversity Conservation: The Role of Warfare Ecology; T. Hanson.- A Public Health Approach to Warfare; J. Leaning.- The Application of Warfare Ecology to Belligerent Occupations; M. Mason.- Part 4. Postwar.- Restoration and Reconstruction for Environmental Security; S.J. Meharg.- Environmental Biomonitoring as a Tool in Risk and Impact Assessment Associated with Post-Conflict Restoration and Rehabilitation; M. Horvat.- Stability and Sustainability in Peace Building: Priority Area for Warfare Ecology; A. Swain, F. Krampe.- Territory Spoiled by Blasting Mines – A Croatian Case Study; Z. Špirić, T. Grgi ć.- Part 5. Advancing the Field of Warfare Ecology.- The Certain Uncertainty: The Political Ecology of Environmental Security; P.H. Liotta, A.W. Shearer.- Application of the Human Ecosystem Model in Warfare Ecology; S.E. Dalton.- Professional Training and Graduate Education Needs in Warfare Ecology; E. Meléndez-Ackerman.- An Essay on the Relationship of Warfare Ecology to General Ecology; A. Farina.- Observations and Insights from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Warfare Ecology; W. Doe III et al.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to elucidate the role of forests as part of a landscape in the life of people. Most landscapes today are cultural landscapes that are influenced by human activity and that in turn have a profound effect on our understanding of and identification with a place. The book proposes that a better understanding of the bond between people and forests as integrated part of a landscape may be helpful in landscape planning, and may contribute to the discussion of changes in forest cover which has been motivated by land use changes, rural development and the global climate debate. To this end, people’s perception of forest landscapes, the reasons for different perceptions, and future perspectives are discussed. Given the wide range of forest landscapes, and cultural perspectives which exist across the world, the book focuses on Europe as a test case to explore the various relationships between society, culture, forests and landscapes. It looks at historical evidence of the impacts of people on forests and vice versa, explores the current factors affecting people’s physical and emotional comfort in forest landscapes, and looks ahead to how changes in forest cover may alter the present relationships of people to forests. Drawing together a diverse literature and combining the expertise of natural and social scientists, this book will form a valuable reference for students and researchers working in the fields of landscape ecology and landscape architecture, geography, social science, environmental psychology or environmental history. It will also be of interest to researchers, government agencies and practitioners with an interest in issues such as sustainable forest management, sustainable tourism, reserve management, urban planning and environmental interpretation.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The book is the exploration of the cultural, biological, spiritual, economic, and emotional components of the forested landscape of northern Europe from the earliest records of interactions between humans and forests to the present day. … This volume should certainly be considered as part of the literature of landscape ecology, as it considers throughout the interactions between humans, forests, and forested landscapes. … For those with a humanistic or philosophical bent, it is likely a worthwhile read … .” (Ralph E. J. Boerner, Landscape Ecology, Vol. 27, 2012)Table of ContentsPrefaceContentAbout the authorsContributorsPART I1 Introduction – The crooked timber of humanityDainis Dauksta2 Forests in landscapes – The myth of untouched wildernessEva Ritter2.1 People and forests in prehistoric times2.1.1 Hunter-gatherers in Europe2.1.2 The mid-Holocene elm decline2.1.3 The Great Transition2.1.4 Early agricultural impacts on forests2.2 Forest development in historical times2.2.1 The great deforestation of the Ancient World2.2.2 Impacts on forests in Northern and Central Europe2.2.3 Forest protection and forest expansion2.3 Conclusion3 Overcoming Physicophobia – Forests as the sacred source of our human originsRoy Jackson3.1 The forest as nothing more than useful3.2 Rousseau: Friend of the forest3.2.1 The demystification of the forest3.2.2 The “Savage Man”3.3 Nietzsche and the sacredness of nature3.3.1 Nietzsche’s criticism of modernity3.3.2 Nietzsche’s “religious” experience3.4 ConclusionPART II4 Royal forests – Hunting and other forest use in Medieval EnglandDella Hooke4.1 Forests as game reserves4.1.1 The location of forests4.1.2 Forest rights and administration4.2 Medieval hunting4.2.1 Anglo-Saxon hunting and game reserves4.2.2 Medieval hunting methods4.2.3 Hunting iconography in medieval literature4.3 The use of other forest resources4.3.1 Forest pasture4.3.2 Other forest products4.4 The decline of the forests4.5 Hunting in post-medieval times4.6 Conclusion5 Forests as commons – Changing traditions and governance in EuropeChristopher Short5.1 Introduction to the commons5.2 History of forests as commons in Europe5.2.1 Northwestern Europe and the Alps5.2.2 Southern Europe5.2.3 United Kingdom5.3 How the role and use of forests is changing5.4 The relationship between people and forest commons5.5 Conclusion6 New forest owners – Small scale forestry and changes in forest ownershipÁine Ní Dhubháin6.1 What is small-scale forestry?6.2 Characteristics of small-scale forests6.3 Owners of small-scale forests6.3.1 Ownership structure6.3.2 Objectives of small-scale forest owners6.4 Nature of small-scale forests6.5 Consequences of the changing ownership structure6.5.1 Forest fragmentation6.5.2 Recreation and access6.5.3 Timber production6.5.4 Nature conservation6.6 Conclusion7 Forest and recreation – New functions of afforestation as seen in DenmarkCarla K. Smink7.1 Forest recreation: a policy perspective7.2 Forest use in Denmark7.3 Afforestation: creation of recreation opportunities7.4 ConclusionPART III8 From post to pillar – The development and persistence of an arboreal metaphorDainis Dauksta8.1 The wooden post in prehistory and the growth of symbols8.1.1 Timber circles8.1.2 Celtic and La Tène sites8.2 The layering of connected symbols8.2.1 The anthropomorphic tree8.2.2 The lopped tree, the axe and the thunder god8.2.3 The Maypole8.3 The Classical column8.4 Two modern vestiges of the sacred pillar8.5 Conclusion9 Landscape painting and the forest – The influence of cultural factors in the depiction of trees and forestsDainis Dauksta9.1 Medieval symbolic and factual landscapes9.1.1 Symbols of Christ, crucifixion and redemption9.1.2 Perspective, nature and classical mythology9.1.3 Hunting, forestry and country life9.2 Poetic landscapes as concept9.3 New symbolic and factual landscapes9.4 Modern transcendentalism and symbolism9.4.1 David Jones; a coalescence of ancient themes9.4.2 Modern symbolism: irony, the sacred and the secular9.5 Conclusion10 Space and place – Popular perceptions of forestsCarl Griffin10.1 Space and place10.1.1 A range of perceptions, a range of perspectives10.1.2 Understanding popular perceptions of forests10.2 Forests in the landscape and the popular imagination10.2.1 Changing meanings, changing contexts10.2.2 Forests as places apart10.3 The cultural distinctiveness of forests10.3.1 Floral and faunal cultures10.3.2 Everyday cultures10.4 Conclusions: persistences and reimaginings11 Materiality and identity – Forests, trees and senses of belongingOwain Jones11.1 Introduction11.2 Identity11.3 Forests, identity and place11.3.1 Forests as material places of becoming11.3.2 Forests of places of (sensed) dwelling11.4 Forests and practices of identities11.4.1 Global sense of identity11.4.2 National sense of identity11.4.3 Regional sense of identity11.4.4 Local and individual sense of identity11.5 Complex and contested identities11.5.1 Forests as spaces of otherness11.5.2 Forests as places to lose identity11.5.3 Forests as places to find identity11.5.4 Forests: Gender and identity11.6 Conclusion12 Definition and concepts – The etymology and use of the concepts forests and landscapeHanna Byskov Ovesen and Kirsten Krogh Hansen12.1 The use of concepts12.2 Forest12.2.1 Etymology12.2.2 Present use12.3 Landscape12.3.1 Etymology12.3.2 Present use12.4 ConclusionPART IV13 Tree use and landscape changes – Development of a woodland area in SwedenMårten Aronsson and Eva Ritter13.1 The area of Bråbygden13.2 Tree species in the Bråbygden area13.2.1 The natural tree vegetation13.2.2 The function and use of tree species13.3 Human impact on forests, trees and the landscape13.3.1 Grazing and browsing13.3.2 Forest fires and slash-and-burn cultivation13.3.3 Tar distillation and charcoal production13.3.4 Pollards and leaf-fodder harvesting13.3.5 Population growth13.4 Landscape development during medieval times13.5 Landscape development since the 18th century13.5.1 Forest description and forest functions13.5.2 Landscape development13.5.3 Land us changes during the 20th century 13.6 Some thoughts about the future14 Forest landscapes in Europe – Visual characteristics and the role of arboricultureEva Ritter14.1 Landscape perception and analysis14.1.1 Landscape perception and preferences14.1.2 Concepts of landscape analysis14.2 Visual landscape characteristics14.2.1 Degree of openness14.2.2 Complexity and contrast14.3 Tree use and landscape development14.4 Aesthetics in landscape management14.5 ConclusionPART V15 Conclusions – Towards a symbiotic relationshipEva Ritter and Dainis Dauksta15.1 Contradicting forest values15.2 Changing attitudes and relationships15.3 Future perspectivesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis completely updated fifth edition of Bacterial Fish Pathogens is a comprehensive discussion of the biological aspects of the bacteria which cause disease in farmed and wild fish. Since the 4th edition was published in 2007, there has been an upturn in the application of molecular approaches to taxonomy, diagnosis and vaccine development. New pathogens, e.g. Aeromonas schubertii, have been described. Also, there has been the emergence of diseases caused by bacteria which have not been cultured, and which have been equated with new taxa, i.e. ‘Candidatus’. Consideration is given to all the bacterial fish pathogens, including primary pathogens and opportunists.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2 Gram-positive bacteria (anaerobes and lactic acid bacteria’).- 3. Aerobic Gram-positive rods and cocci.- 4. Aeromonadaceae representatives (motile aeromonads).- 5. Aeromonadaceae representative (Aeromonas salmonicida).- 6. Enterobacteriaceae representatives.- 7. Flavobacteriaceae representatives.- 8. Francisellaceae representatives.- 9. Photobacteriaceae representatives.- 10. Pseudomonadaceae representatives.- 11. Vibrionaceae representatives.- 12. Miscellaneous pathogens.- 13.- Isolation/detection.- 14. Diagnosis.- 15. Control.- 16.- Conclusions.​

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Book SynopsisThe transport of farm livestock was the subject of the seminar held from 7 - 8 July 1981 at the Commission of the European Communities (CECl, Directorate General for Agriculture, Brussels as part of the work of the Division Coordinating Agricultural Research. The aims of the seminar were to examine the knowledge available on how the physiology and behaviour of animals may change during transport; to consider the significance of these changes in relation to welfare and economics and to assess those actions which as experimental projects or observational studies might be proposed to fill the most important gaps in our knowledge of the welfare of farm animals during transport. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the proceedings: 1. Much knowledge is available from both scientific observations and practical experience which could be used to improve the transport of livestock. Methods of loading, the construction of vehicles, ships, crates and aircraft could benefit from the application of existing knowledge. It is less clear whether it is best to concentrate on disseminating existing knowledge by education and advice or to contemplate more regulations. 2. Losses by down-grading at slaughter can largely be attributed to the ways in which animals are transported and handled.Table of ContentsSession I: Introduction.- Council of Europe Convention on Transport of Livestock, EC Council Directive on Protection of Animals during International Transport.- Discussion.- The Office of International Epizootics (OIE) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA).- Discussion.- Session II: Physiological Changes Induced in Animals at Loading, during and after Transport and Their Effects: Including Behavioural Changes.- Handling of Slaughter Pigs Prior to Loading and during Loading on a Lorry.- Discussion.- Transport of Broilers.- Discussion.- Injuries during Catching and Transportation of Broilers.- Discussion.- Various Transport Conditions and Their Influence on Physiological Reactions.- Discussion.- Physiology of the Transport of Cattle.- Discussion.- Physiological Response of Pigs to Treadmill Exercise Used as a Standardised Stress.- Discussion.- Behaviour of Cattle during Transport and Penning Before Slaughter.- Discussion.- Session III: Significance of These Changes and Effects in Relation to Health and Well-Being.- Losses Caused by Transport of Slaughter Pigs in the Netherlands.- Discussion.- Recent Results from Investigations of Transportation of Pigs for Slaughter.- Discussion.- Physiological Reaction of Slaughter Animals during Transport.- Discussion.- Session IV: Means of Transport, with Particular Reference to Their Construction.- Transport of Day Old Chicks by Air.- Discussion.- Bulk Transportation of Farm Animals by Air and Vehicular Ferries.- Transportation of Sheep by Ship from Australia to the Middle East.- Discussion.- Bulk Transport of Livestock by Sea with Particular Reference to Instruction, Procedure and Problems.- Discussion.- Session V: Present Research Being Undertaken and Consideration of What Further Studies, If Any, would be Desirable.- Transport of Animals Intended for Breeding Production and Slaughter.- Discussion.- Research on Transport Stress at Arc Bristol.- Discussion.- Research on Farm Animal Transport in France: A Survey.- Discussion.- Final Discussion.- List of Participants.

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Book SynopsisThe welfare of domestic poultry. particularly those kept under intensive housing conditions is a subject ~n which many. often divergent and conflicting views. are held. This divergence, may be the result either of insufficient knowledge of the facts of particular poultry husbandry systems or a differing interpretation of those facts. With regard to poultry and the laying hen in particular. there is a need to gather together a basic knowledge of avian behaviour in all the circumstances and systems of husbandry under which birds are presently being kept. That knowledge should lead to the development of interpretative and hopefully predictive theories which in turn will allow us to meet the recommendations of Article 3 of the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes: 'that animals shall be housed, provided with food. water and care in a manner which - having regard to their species and to their degree of development. adaptation and domestication - is appropriate to their physiological and ethological needs in accordance with established experience and scientific knowledge'. In furtherance of those objectives a small group of specialists in poultry physiology and ethology. both from within and outside the European Community met by invitation of the Commission in Luxembourg between 11 and 13 March 1980. Their objective was to discuss what is already known. and can be agreed on. of the normal physiology and ethological range of the laying hen.Table of ContentsOpening Remarks.- Session I Current Knowledge of “Normal” Range of Behaviour and Physiology.- The Ethogram of the Domesticated Hen.- Discussion.- To Adapt the Environment to the Bird or the Bird to the Environment ?.- Discussion.- Some Considerations Regarding Optimum Environmental Conditions for Laying Hens in Cage Management.- Discussion.- Corticosteroids in Laying Hens.- Discussion.- Summary and Discussion.- Session II Behavioural and Physiological Needs.- The Regulation of Dustbathing and Other Behaviour Patterns in the Laying Hen: A Lorenzian Approach.- Discussion.- Essential Behavioural Needs.- Discussion.- The Assessment of Behavioural Needs.- Discussion.- Essential Behavioural Needs: The Mixed Motivation Approach.- Discussion.- Summary and Discussion.- Session III Measurement of Essential and Behavioural Needs as Provided by the Present Husbandry Systems.- Measurement of Essential and Behavioural Needs as Provided by Present Husbandry Systems: Battery, ‘Get-Away’ Cage, Aviary.- Discussion.- Putting Science into Practice.- Discussion.- The Pre-Laying Behaviour of Laying Hens in Cages with and Without Laying Nests.- Discussion.- Some System Definitions and Characteristics.- Discussion.- Moulting in the Domestic Hen (Gallus domesticus) and Its Use and Effect.- Discussion.- Cages: How Could They be Improved?.- Discussion.- Final Discussion.- Summary.- Closing Remarks.- List of Participants.

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Book Synopsisremnants of gene pools of these species. Badghyz Natural Reserve, established in 1941, became a refuge for the last existing population of the Turkmen onager (Equus hemionus onager) and a unique pistachio woodland. A new generation oflocal Turkmen scientists, many of whom were trained by the Russian researchers in the graduate schools of Moscow and Leningrad arose from the 1930s through the 1950s. The Turkmen Academy of Sciences and its journal, Proceedings (including the monthly biological series), served to record the results of diverse biological studies in the republic. While basic science in the Middle Asian republics rather gained from the Russian "colonial" influence, natural resources, in contrast, were severely damaged by the Soviet way of handling the economy and social issues. Severe environmental problems have been inherited by the now independent Turkmenistan, including overgrazed desert pastures, deforested mountains, depleted water resources, accumulated pesticides in cotton fields, declining populations of endangered species of animals and plants, and - worst of al- progressing, human-caused desertification (Kharin this volume). In order to approach a solution to these problems, scientists and officials in the republic will need the close attention and help of the international scientific community.Trade Review`... the work ... occupies a unique place in science. It offers, for the first time, a thorough glimpse into a fascinating and important region. The editors and authors should be congratulated on their monumental effort. Further, the book is well edited, and includes many interesting plates. It deserves a place in most research libraries and on the shelves of all who consider themselves to be desert scholars or who are interested in the Middle East.' Journal of Arid Environments, 33 (1996)Table of Contents1. Introduction: One Hundred Years of Natural History in Turkmenistan; V. Fet. 2. Landscapes of Turkmenistan; A.G. Babaev. 3. Climate of Turkmenistan; N.S. Orlovsky. 4. Paleogeography of Turkmenistan; K.I. Atamuradov. 5. Desertification of the Arid Lands of Turkmenistan; N.G. Kharin. 6. Vegetation of the Deserts of Turkmenistan; I.G. Rustamov. 7. Flora of Kopetdagh; D. Kurbanov. 8. Kopetdagh-Khorassan Flora: Regional Features of Central Kopetdagh; G.L. Kamakhina. 9. Vegetation of Southwest Kopetdagh; G.N. Fet. 10. Trees, Shrubs, and Semishrubs in the Mountains of Turkmenistan; K.P. Popov. 11. Ecosystem Structure of Subtropical Arid Pistachio Woodlands in Southern Turkmenistan; R.I. Zlotin. 12. Biogeographic Position of Khorassan-Kopetdagh; V. Fet. 13. Vertebrates in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan; A.K. Rustamov, O. Sopyev. 14. Ecology of the Bearded Goat (Capra aegargus Ersleben, 1777) in Turkmenistan; V.M. Korshunov. 15. Ecology of Birds in the Karakum Desert; A.K. Rustamov. 16. Ecological Structure of Bird Population in the Transcaspian Region: Cartographic Analysis and Problems of Conservation; E.A. Rustamov. 17. Kidney Structure and its Role in Osmoregulation in Desert Birds; M.A. Amanova. 18. On the Evolution of the Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) in Middle Asia; A.V. Solokha. 19. Zoogeographic Analysis of Reptiles of Turkmenistan; N.N. Shcherbak. 20. Reptiles of Kopetdagh; Ch. Ataev, A.K. Rustamov, S. Shammakov. 21. Geographic Variability of Phrynocephalus rossikowi Nik. (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Turkmenistan and Adjacent Regions; M.L. Golubev, V.V. Manilo, A.A. Tokar. 22. Formation of Fish Populations in the Artificial Water Bodies of Turkmenistan (the Amudarya River Drainage; V.B. Salnikov. 23. Arthropods Inhabiting Rodent Burrows in the Karakum Desert; V.A. Krivokhatsky. 24. Zoogeography of Coleoptera in Turkmenistan; O.L. Kryzhanovsky, K.I. Atamuradov. 25. Zoogeography and Ecology of Buprestids (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Kopetdagh and the Adjacent Regions of Southern Turkmenistan; M.G. Volkovich, A.V. Alexeev. 26. Fauna, Zoogeography, and Ecology of Orthoptera of Turkmenistan; T. Tokgaev. 27. Encyrtid Wasps of Turkmenistan (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae); S.N. Myartseva. 28. Zoogeography and Ecological Aspects of the Formation of Horse Fly Fauna (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Turkmenistan; R.V. Andreeva. 29. Anti-Lions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Turkmenistan; V.A. Krivokhatsky. 30. Fauna and Zoogeography of Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Turkmenistan; K.G. Michailov, V. Fet. 31. Fauna and Zoogeography of Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Turkmenistan; V. Fet. 32. Zoogeography of Molluscs of Turkmenistan; Ya.I. Starobogatov. Index.

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Book SynopsisGlobal Biodiversity is the most comprehensive compendium of conservation information ever published. It provides the first systematic report on the status, distribution, management, and utilisation of the planet's biological wealth.Trade Review`...full of fascinating facts and often answers questions that one could not formulate and certainly would not know where to look for an answer.' Botanic Gardens Conservation News `By far the best in terms of information and documentation...It is a splendid compendium on biodiversity from the standpoint of systematics, genetic diversity, species-rich areas, habitat classification, resource economics, international conservation and a host of other topics. The encylopedic format is packed with data, making this a collation that is way ahead of anything else in the field so far.' Nature ` ...this masterful production...it would be difficult to exaggerate the utility of this outstanding volume...The volume is extremely well illustrated with figures, graphs maps and tables...admirably organised...will be of great value to many individuals and organisations working in scientific, sociological and economic aspects of global biodiversity.' Journal of Ethnobiology `The WCMC is to be congratualted on the scope and ambition of the publication. It covers and immense amount of ground...The real value of this work will be as a tool in environmental management...a considerable achievement...an immensely valuable reference document.' ECOS `... a tour de force by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre... Biological Conservation `The tables, figures, and maps in the book are the best single source of information on the biological and legal status of the world's biological diversity...The book definitely belongs in every science library.' Ecology `...Global Biodiversity is a comprehensive reference work that will undoubtedly be widely used. It should be on the shelf of reference libraries everywhere.' Biodiversity letters `This book admirably succeeds in its objectives: it is a unique source of data and analyses that manages to avoid a sentimental approach to an emotive subject...indespensible...' Experimental Agriculture `...the first systematic report on the status, distribution, management, and utilisation of the planet's biological wealth.' Ethology, Ecology and Evolution `The staff of the world World Conservation Centre is to be congratulated for producing what is in effect a definitive...encyclopedia of the world's living resources.' Environmental Management Table of ContentsBiological diversity. Genetic diversity. Systematics and diversity. Species concepts. Species inventory. Species diversity. Species diversity: an introduction. Microorganisms. Lower plant diversity. Higher plant diversity. Nematodes. Deep sea invertebrates. Soil macrofauna. Fishes. Higher vertebrates. Island species. Centres of species diversity. Species extinction. Threatened species. Global habitat classification. Biodiversity and global climate change. Tropical moist forests. Grasslands. Wetlands. Coral reefs. Mangroves. Uses and values of biodiversity. Plant use. Animal use. Biodiversity and economics. Conservation and management of biodiversity. National legislation. Protected areas. Multilateral treaties. International policy and legal assistance. International aid. Management of international resources. Current practices in conservation. The convention on biological diversity. Glossary.

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Book SynopsisGrazing animals enjoy an ambiguous reputation in the field of nature conservation. Livestock are often treated as a scourge, yet native large herbivores form the prime attraction of many a reserve. This book gives the first comprehensive overview of the use of grazing as a tool in conservation management. Considering in turn the ecological and historical background, the impact of grazing on community structure, management applications and future prospects, this book examines issues such as the role of herbivores as keystone species, the assessment of habitat quality and the function of scientific models in advancing grazing management. Large herbivores are shown to be potentially powerful allies in the management of nature reserves, particularly in the maintenance, enhancement or restoration of biodiversity. Grazing and Conservation Management will appeal to conservation biologists and rangeland managers, providing them with a clearer understanding of grazing and conservation management.Table of ContentsList of contributors. Preface. 1. Large herbivores as key factors for nature conservation; M.F. WallisDeVries. Part One: Historical and Ecological Background. 2. Grazing for conservation management in historical perspective; J.P. Bakker, G. Londo. 3. Origins and development of grassland communities in northwestern Europe; H.H.T. Prins. 4. Effects of human interference on the landscape with special reference to the role of grazing livestock; R. Pott. Part Two: Impact of Grazing on Community Structure. 5. The impact of grazing on plant communities; J.P. Bakker. 6. Effects of large herbivores upon the animal community; S.E. Van Wieren. Part Three: Management Applications. 7. Hydrological conditions and herbivory as key operators for ecosystem development in Dutch artificial wetlands; J.T. Vulink, M.R. Van Eerden. 8. The practical use of grazing in nature reserves in The Netherlands. Part Four: Perspectives and Limitations. 9. Habitat quality and the performance of large herbivores; M.F. WallisDeVries. 10. The role of scientific models; M.F. WallisDeVries, J. Van de Koppel. 11. Grazing for conservation in the twenty-first century; S.E. Van Wieren, J.P. Bakker. Index.

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Book SynopsisCereal uses range from human food and beverages to animal feeds and industrial products. It is human food and beverages which are the predominant uses covered in this book, since the nutritional quality of cereals for animal feed is described in other publications on animal nutrition, and industrial products are a relatively minor use of cereals. Cereals are the main components of human diets and are crucial to human survival. Three species, wheat, rice and maize, account for the bulk of human food. Barley is the major raw material for beer production and ranks fourth in world production. Other species such as sorghum are regionally important. This book covers all the major cereal species: wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye and triticale. Specific chapters have been devoted to a description of the major end-uses of each of the species and to definition of the qualities required for each of their end uses. The functional and nutritional quality of cereals determines their suitability for specific purposes and may limit the quality of the end­ product, influencing greatly the commercial value of grain. An under­ standing of the factors that determine grain quality is thus important in the maintenance of efficient and sustainable agricultural and food production. The biochemical constituents of the grain that determine quality have been described in chapters on proteins, carbohydrates and other components. An understanding of the relationships between grain composition and quality is important in selecting grain for specific uses.Table of ContentsPart One: Quality requirements of cereal users. Wheat. Rice. Maize. Barley. Sorghum and millet. Oats. Rye and triticale. Part Two: Chemistry and biochemistry of cereal quality. Cereal proteins. Cereal carbohydrates. Other grain components. Part Three: Breeding for cereal quality. Breeding cereals for quality improvement. Molecular approaches to cereal quality improvement. Part Four: Production of quality cereals. Agronomy and grain quality. Part Five: Postharvest management of cereal quality. Quality of stored cereals.

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Book SynopsisThis volume constitutes the most recent and most comprehensive consideration of the largest family of bony fishes, the Cichlidae. This book offers an integrated perspective of cichlid fishes ranging from conservation of threatened species to management of cichlids as invasive species themselves. Long-standing models of taxonomy and systematics are subjected to the most recent applications and interpretations of molecular evidence and multivariate analyses; and cichlid adaptive radiations at different scales are elucidated. The incredible diversity of endemic cichlid species in African lakes is revisited as possible examples of sympatric speciation and as serious cases for management in complex anthropogenic environments. Extreme hydrology and bathymetry as driver of micro-allopatric speciation is explored in the African riverine hotspot of diversity of the lower Congo River. Dramatic new molecular evidence draws attention to the complex taxonomy and systematics of Neotropical cichlids including the crater lakes of Central America. Molecular genetics, genomics, imaging tools and field study techniques assess the roles of natural, sexual and kin selection in shaping cichlid traits and beyond. The complex behavioral adaptations of cichlids are considered from a number of sub-disciplines including sensory biology, neurobiology, development, and evolutionary ecology. Most importantly, this volume puts forth a wealth of new interpretations, explanatory hypotheses and proposals for practical management and applications that will shape the future for these remarkable fishes in nature as well as their use as models for the study of biology.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Chance, Choice and Cichlids.Chapter 2: Frontiers in Cichlid Research: A History of Scientific Advancement.Chapter 3: Ecological Opportunity, Genetic Variation, and the Origins of African Cichlid Radiations.Chapter 4: Evolution in the Fast Lane: Diversity, Ecology, and Speciation of Cichlids in the lower Congo River.Chapter 5: Neotropical Riverine Cichlids: Adaptive Radiation and Macroevolution at Continental Scales.Chapter 6: Sympatric and Allopatric Diversification in the Adaptive Radiation of Midas Cichlids in Nicaraguan Lakes.Chapter 7: The Consequences of Anthropogenic Stressors on Cichlid Fish Communities: Revisiting Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, and Nabugabo.Chapter 8: Rapid Evolutionary Responses in Cichlids: Genetics of Adaptation, Morphology and Taxonomic Implications.Chapter 9: Identifying and Conserving Tilapiine Cichlid Species in the 21st Century.Chapter 10: Introduced Cichlids in the Americas: Distribution Patterns, Invasion Ecology, and Impacts.Chapter 11: The Evolutionary Ecology of Cichlid Vision.Chapter 12: The Mechanosensory Lateral Line System of Cichlid Fishes: From Anatomy to Behavior.Chapter 13: Sonic Cichlids.Chapter 14: The Evolution of Enhanced Cichlid Hearing: Functional Morphology and the Role of Ecoacoustical Factors.Chapter 15: Parental Care in Cichlid Fishes.Chapter 16: Cichlids as a model system for studying social behaviour and evolution.Chapter 17: Integrative Neurobiology of Social Behavior in Cichlid Fish.Chapter 18: Respiratory Ecology of Cichlids.Chapter 19: Feeding Ecology of Lake Tanganyika Cichlids.Chapter 20: Patterns of Trophic Evolution: Integration and Modularity of the Cichlid Skull.Chapter 21: An Evo-devo View of Post-genomic African Cichlid Biology: Enhanced Models for Evolution and Biomedicine.

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Book SynopsisThis book gets to the heart of trophy hunting, unpacking and explaining its multiple facets and controversies, and exploring why it divides environmentalists, the hunting community, and the public. Bichel and Hart provide the first interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to the study of trophy hunting, investigating the history of trophy hunting, and delving into the background, identity and motivation of trophy hunters. They also explore the role of social media and anthropomorphism in shaping trophy hunting discourse, as well as the viability of trophy hunting as a wildlife management tool, the ideals of fair chase and sportsmanship, and what hunting trophies are, both literally and in terms of their symbolic value to hunters and non-hunters. The analyses and discussions are underpinned by a consideration of the complex moral and practical conflicts between animal rights and conservation paradigms. This book appeals to scholars in environmental philosophy, conservation and environmental studies, as well as hunters, hunting opponents, wildlife management practitioners, and policymakers, and anyone with a broad interest in human–wildlife relations.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- A History of Hunting and Hunting Perceptions.- Hunting Trophies.- Hunters and Antihunters.- Trophy Hunting and Conservation.- Fair Chase and Sport Hunting.- Anthropomorphism and “Viralability”.- The Morality of Trophy Hunting.- Trophy Hunting Now.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Microbes and Microplastics Interactions in Fresh Water Ecosystems: Fate and Implications for Environmental Health.- Chapter 2: Release of Microplastics by Terrestrial Sources into Freshwater Environments.- Chapter 3. Understanding various pathways of microplastic pollution in freshwater systems.-  Chapter 4: Distribution pattern of microplastics in aquatic sources.- Chapter 5. Tracing the Path: Fate and Transport of Microplastics from Aquatic Systems to Soils.- Chapter 6. Techniques for sampling, detection, and characterization of microplastics in water, sediment, and tissue samples.- Chapter 7. Advances in microplastics research in freshwater ecosystems: An overview of newly developed separation and identification methods.- Chapter 8. Impact of Microplastics on Human Health.- Chapter 9. Microplastics and Aquatic Limnology: Conception of Biogeochemical Processes.- Chapter 10. Microplastics Occurrence in Sediments and Associated Ecological Risk: A Study of Saurashtra Coastline, Gujarat, India.- Chapter 11. From Cradle to Contamination: The Lifecycle of Plastics with an Emphasis on Household Waste and Remediation via Biochar.- Chapter 12. Microplastic Pollution: Review of Degradation, Detection, and Treatment Technologies.- Chapter 13. Microplastic Remediation in Aquatic Environment.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Climate Disaster Management.- Chapter 2. The Climate Science, designing, and implementation of Climate Policy.- Chapter 3. Strategic Integration of Green Innovation and Information Systems for Sustainable Development.- Chapter 4. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Assess the Effects of COVID-19 on Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Air Quality Index.- Chapter 5. Trend analysis of long-term temperature data for prediction of heat waves through statistical analysis using extreme value theory for climate disaster management.- Chapter 6. Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping of Soil Erosion for Climate  Resilient Disaster Management with Geospatial Techniques.- Chapter 7. A Geospatial approach for DEM-Based Surface Hydrological Modelling of Sub-Watersheds towards Climate Disaster Management.- Chapter 8. Urban Heat Island Mitigation through Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Development.- Chapter 9. Identification of soil erosion susceptible areas with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) modelling for climate disaster management.- Chapter 10. Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Climate Disaster Management and Earth Resource Management.- Chapter 11. From Data to Planning: Innovations through LiDAR technology and data science in Sustainable Urban Resource Management.- Chapter 12. Beyond the Office Walls: Exploring Nature Connectedness for Climate Stress and Disaster Management.- Chapter 13. Challenges and Future Trends in Climate Disaster Management.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. The Vanishing Beauty: An Ode to Marine Majesty.- Chapter 2. Marine Microplastic Insulation and Characterization Techniques.- Chapter 3. A Toxic Journey: Microplastics as Vectors for Contaminants.- Chapter 4. From the Depth to the Shore Microplastics in the Food Chain.- Chapter 5. Unseen Predators: Marine Life and the Plastic Diet.- Chapter 6. Innovative Intervention: Technologies to Tackle the microplastic pollution.- Chapter 7. Socioeconomic impacts of microplastics pollution in the marine environment.- Chapter 8. Towards Blue Futures: A Call for Collective Remediation.- Chapter 9. Microplastic Control by Personal Choices, Individual Actions Matter.- Chapter 10. Microplastic: Global Pollution Controlling Policy.- Chapter 11. A greener blueprint: bioplastics and sustainable alternatives to control microplastics in the environment.

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Book Synopsis Chapter 1. Introduction to Green Biorefinery Solutions.- Chapter 2. Biodegradable Waste Composition and Characterization.-  Chapter 3. Principles of Biorefinery and Resource Recovery.- Chapter 4. Bioprocessing Technologies for Biodegradable Waste Conversion.-  Chapter 5. Biochemical and Biotechnological Approaches.- Chapter 6. Bioproducts and Bioenergy Generation.- Chapter 7. Nutrient Recovery and Soil Enrichment.- Chapter 8. Case Studies in Green Biorefinery Solutions.- Chapter 9. Techno-economic and Environmental Assessment.- Chapter 10. Policy and Regulatory Frameworks for Green Biorefinery.- Chapter 11. Future Trends and Innovations.- Chapter 12. Challenges and Opportunities in Green Biorefinery.- Chapter 13. Conclusion: Toward a Circular Biowaste Economy.

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Book SynopsisCh1_Rural Water Crises in the Global South: Understanding the Scope and Impact.- Ch2_URBAN WATER CRISIS IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH.- Ch3_Water Crisis in Iran: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions.- Ch4_Climate Change and Water Crisis in the Global South.- Ch5_Pollutants from Agricultural activities in the Global South.- Ch6_Water Contamination by Industrial Processes And Sustainable Management Strategies.- Ch7_Organic Chemical Pollutants within Water Systems and Sustainable Management Strategies.- Ch8_Microplastics as Water Pollutants and Sustainable Management Strategies.- Ch9_Microplastic in Mangrove water: occurrence and possible remediation through biological and technological advancement.- Ch10_Water Contamination by Municipal Solid Wastes and Sustainable Management Strategies.- Ch11_Microplastic Pollution: Analytical Techniques, Policy Landscape, and Integrated Strategies for Sustainable Environmental Stewardship.- Ch12_CHALLENGES AND MITIGATION OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS IN NIGERIA.- Ch13_STRATEGIES OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH.- Ch14_Place of Cultural Diversity in Sustainable Water Resource Management in Ghana.- Ch15_TRADITIONAL AND CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT METHODS: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH.- Ch16_Indigenous Water Management Strategies in the Global South.- Ch17_Advancing Water Security and Resilience in the Global South through Recreational Development.- Ch18_Innovative technologies for effective water resources management.- Ch19_Guardians of the Depths: Managing Groundwater Contamination in Developing Countries.- Ch20_Exploring the Influence of Protected Areas on Water Crises in the Global South: A Balancing Act.

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Book SynopsisPreface.- Chapter 1 Introduction.- Chapter 2 Preliminaries.- Chapter 3 The effect of stochastic marine environment.- Chapter 4 The effect of marine environmental mutation.- Chapter 5 The effect of time delay.- Chapter 6 The effect of water temperature.- Chapter 7 The effect of plankton cell size.- Chapter 8 The effect of defensive and aggressive behavior.- Chapter 9 The effect of schooling behavior and harvest.- Chapter 10 The effect of toxin and cross-diffusion.- Chapter 11 The effect of advection.- Chapter 12 The effect of herd-taxis.- Chapter 13 The effect of weakly nonlinear diffusion.- Chapter 14 Temporal forcing induced pattern transitions.- Chapter 15 Spatiotemporal dynamics near the Turing-Hopf bifurcation.- Chapter 16 Fractional herd behavior with cross-diffusion.- Chapter 17 Spatial fractional behavior with fear factor and refuge.- Chapter 18 Spatial dynamics with time delay and Allee effect.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Future cities and their transitions ahead.- Chapter 2. A new paradigm for resilient urban infrastructure planning: Game-changing interventions, tipping points, and capacities.- Chapter 3. Transitions to sustainable urban water systems.- Chapter 4. Accelerating climate innovation in cities.- Chapter 5. Delivering sustainable, resilient and low-carbon built environments.- Chapter 6. Transitioning to a circular economy: Understanding the circular economy ecosystem in Victoria, Australia.- Chapter 7. Re-making cities: Applying new urban transition concepts and processes to regenerate greyfield suburbia.- Chapter 8. Pathways for restoring and connecting with nature in Australian cities.- Chapter 9. Regenerative urban development paradigms in a time of climate change and ecological crisis.- Chapter 10. Digital innovations for city sustainability analysis and decision-making.- Chapter 11. Embedding transformative innovation into mission-oriented policy and innovation districts: The Case of Melbourne.- chapter 12. Healthy Cities Transitioning to Polycentric Cities can Enhance Population Health.

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