Earth sciences Books

Book SynopsisHydraulic Fracturing Impacts and Technologies: A Multidisciplinary Perspective serves as an introduction to hydraulic fracturing and provides balanced coverage of its benefits and potential negative effects. Presenting a holistic assessment of hydraulic fracturing and its environmental impacts, this book chronicles the history and development of unconventional oil and gas production and describes the risks associated with the use of these technologies. More specifically, it addresses hydraulic fracturing's use and dependence on large amounts of water as a fracturing medium. It examines the limits of reusing flowback and produced water, explores cost-effective ways to clean or effectively dispose of water used in fracturing, and provides suggestions for the efficient use, discovery, and recycle potential of non-potable water. Utilizing a team of experts from industry and academia, the text provides readers with a multiple lens approachincorporating various perspectivTrade Review"… this book highlights the need to integrate analysis of technologies with environmental and societal impact considerations… for the professionals working within the industry, it also emphasizes what issues need to be addressed, and how those issues should be addressed, in order to potentially convince the public and policy makers that fracture stimulation can be used safely without risking environmental damage, public health issues and overuse/contamination of precious water resources."—Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016Table of ContentsOverview of Hydraulic Fracturing Operations and Technologies. Economic Impact of the Permian Basin’s Oil and Gas Industry. From Property Rights to Endangered Species: Legal Issues Surrounding Hydraulic Fracturing. Looking into the Crystal Ball: Potential New EPA Hydraulic Fracturing Rules Impacting Unconventional Oil and Gas Production from Shale Plays. Commentary on Health and Environmental Risks from Hydraulic Fracturing. Health and Environment Risks from Oil and Gas Development. Addressing Concerns about Impacts from Unconventional Drilling Using Advanced Analytical Chemistry. Water Availability in the Permian Basin Region of West Texas. Reuse and Recycling of Flowback and Produced Waters. Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing on Transportation Infrastructure. GIS-Based Assessment of Wastewater Disposal Impacts in Permian Basin, Texas. Challenges and Opportunities for Increasing Guar Production in the United States to Support Unconventional Oil and Gas Production. Characterization of the Properties of Guar Gum to Improve Hydraulic Fracturing Efficiencies. Communicating Fracturing Impacts and Technologies: Assessment, Public Understanding, and Theoretical Linkages. Multidisciplinary Teams as Mechanisms of Accountability: Neutralizing the Emotions and Politics of Hydraulic Fracturing Research.

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Book SynopsisWhile innovative technologies in remediation need to be developed, so do innovative ways of site assessment. This monograph describes the development, testing, and performance of a new laser-induced fluorescence soil probe. A screening tool for site characterization, this probe has the potential to provide an economical, rapid assessment of contaminated sites.Cone Penetrometer testing equipment advances the probe into the subsurface. The probe identifies hydrocarbon classes using a multi-channel excitation-emission matrix. This technique facilitates the collection of significant amounts of subsurface information - surpassing conventional data collection methods - that can be used to rapidly identify areas of concern beneath a site. The technology has significant application for the following:Rapid environmental site assessment Monitoring remediation programs Monitoring manufacturing processes and industrial waste water operationsSubsurface Contamination Monitoring Using Laser Fluorescence provides comprehensive reference material for researchers and engineers as well as engineering consultants interested in subsurface monitoring techniques or further development of this technology. It describes innovative technology that focuses on finding cost effective solutions for site assessment and remediation.Trade Review"...easily the best and most up-to-date book this reviewer has read on the subject... Given the reasonable price for this book, the quality and quantity of information contained, and its timeliness, it is highly recommended."-ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroduction. LIF-EEM Engineering Design. Summary of Technology Demonstration. Data Interpretation and Evaluation. Outlook. Applicability of the LIF-EEM Technology. Comparison with Other LIF Systems.REFERENCESAPPENDICESNTI/Sales Copy

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Book SynopsisAs debates over how relative risk can be used to shape landscape-scale environmental management intensify, Regional-Scale Risk Assessment demonstrates the capabilities of RRM using nine case studies in the Pacific Northwest, Pennsylvania, Brazil, and Tasmania. The authors use a process of ranking and filters to interrelate different kinds of risks and illustrates how these relative risks are defined, mapped, and analyzed to determine remediation and management priorities. This book provides detailed descriptions for each step of RRM-from the determination of assessment goals to documentation, evaluation, and communication with decision-makers-that can benefit practitioners in environmental risk assessment and related fields worldwide.Table of ContentsAs debates over how relative risk can be used to shape landscape-scale environmental management intensify, Regional-Scale Risk Assessment demonstrates the capabilities of RRM using nine case studies in the Pacific Northwest, Pennsylvania, Brazil, and Tasmania. The authors use a process of ranking and filters to interrelate different kinds of risks and illustrates how these relative risks are defined, mapped, and analyzed to determine remediation and management priorities. This book provides detailed descriptions for each step of RRM-from the determination of assessment goals to documentation, evaluation, and communication with decision-makers-that can benefit practitioners in environmental risk assessment and related fields worldwide.

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How did the atom bomb help save the elephant? Have we found the secret to eternal youth? Could a parasite be manipulating you right now? This dazzling collection of stories reveals the key recent breakthroughs in science, across all fields. Inside you will meet the killers lurking in Earth's ice, the super-coral that could save our seas and the neuroscientists hunting ghosts. You will travel beyond our galaxy to worlds where the sun sets twice, and beyond our time to a future where the Internet is unhackable and chickenosaurs roam the land. Divided into sections covering physics, space, humanity, the brain, plants and animals, and linking stories from different fields, Cutting-Edge Science offers a boundless journey of discovery for anyone with a passion for the world around them. Prepare to be shocked and amazed on every page.

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Book SynopsisThis new anthology is a comprehensive introduction to the field of risk theory. The introduction provides the ideal starting point for students and professionals new to risk studies and offers a concise refresher for researchers and practitioners. Coverage includes the origins of the 'concept of risk' and its often misunderstood cousin 'uncertainty,' before moving on to address risk perception, risk communication, the idea of trust and post trust as well as risk in policy and regulation with a close look at the Precautionary Principle. Following the introduction, the volume includes a selection of the most significant and influential works on risk in their entirety. These selections, organized thematically to cover the breadth and depth of the field, provide greater detail and elaborate on the key themes and major developments in risk studies. Together they comprise the essential literature necessary for a full understanding of risk theory and practice on any issue and in any context.Trade Review�The collection of papers selected for this volume provides an excellent and representative overview of risk research in philosophical, psychological and social perspectives. This reader combines, in a unique way, breadth, substance and relevance.� ORTWIN RENN, Professor and Chair of Environmental Sociology, Stuttgart State University, Germany �L�fstedt and Boholm show the complexity of risk decisions and the richness of risk research, with a collection ranging from seminal articles to current research. It will reward students, scholars, officials, and citizens trying to follow the action in risk controversies.� BARUCH FISCHHOFF, Howard Heinz University Professor, Carnegie Mellon University, and former President of the Society for Risk Analysis 'The Earthscan Reader on Risk is an excellent introduction for students, professionals, and even lay readers.' 'Especially recommended as a refresher text for researchers or practitioners in the field of risk management, as well as for college and university library collections' The Midwest Book Review, 2009.Table of ContentsPart I: The Concept of Risk * The Policy Implications of Differing Concepts of Risk * A Philosophical Perspective on Risk * Uncertain Times * The Notion of 'Risk' and the Development of Modernity * Part II: Risk Perception * Gender, Race, and Perceived Risk* How Safe is Safe Enough? A Psychometric Study of Attitudes towards Technological Risks and Benefits * Risk as Feelings * Part III: Communication about Risk * Accounting for the Social Context of Risk Communication * Risk Communication and Management in the 21st Century * Part IV: Trust and Post-Trust * Exploring the Dimensionality of Trust in Risk Regulation * Salient Value Similarity, Social Trust, and Risk/Benefit Perception * Part V: Policy and Regulation * Risk-based Decision Analysis in Support of Precautionary Policies * Risk Regulation Under Pressure: Problem Solving or Blame Shifting? * The Precautionary Principle and its Policy Implications * Uncertainty and Environmental Learning:* Index

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Book SynopsisOne of the major problems facing practitioners and scientists working with water management is how to integrate knowledge and experiences from scientific, policy and stakeholder perspectives. In this book this science-policy-stakeholder interface (SPSI) is examined both analytically and through the description of practical experiences from river basins in Europe, India and South-East Asia. These include the Tungabhadra (India), Sesan (Vietnam/Cambodia), Tagus (Spain/Portugal) and Glomma (Norway), which particularly highlight issues associated with pollution, severely altered river flows and transboundary conflicts. Following two chapters which lay the framework for the book the authors describe how SPSI was managed in the case study basins and how stakeholder participation and scenarios were used to integrate different perspectives, and to facilitate the communication of different forms of knowledge. Four important aspects of water management and SPSI are then discussed; these are water pollution, land and water interaction, environmental flow and transboundary water regimes. Short descriptions of the case study rivers are provided together with analyses of how SPSI was managed in water management in these basins and policy recommendations for the basins. The book concludes by providing a series of recommendations for improving the science-policy-stakeholder interface in water management. It represents a major step forward in our understanding of how to implement integrated water resources management. Trade Review'There is a fast growing field of interest around the coupling between scientific results and policy uptake. This highly updated book reflects upon these issues in the context water management. An important feature of the book is the discussion of science-policy interfacing needs with practical examples from four river large basins. The book will be a valuable reference for others engaging in research for sustainable development as well as policy-makers and stakeholders involved in IWRM implementation and development.' Philippe Quevauviller, DG Research, European Commission, and Dept. of Hydrology and Hydrological Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) 'Integrating different forms of experts' and local knowledge is increasingly needed to cope with the challenge of managing complex socio-ecological systems. This book, by a highly interdisciplinary, multinational team, describes and reflects upon sustainability challenges in the context of integrated water resource management (IWRM). The authors' analysis of these challenges, however, translates beyond the water context into useful insights for a much broader community of sustainability-oriented researchers and practitioners.' Carlo Sessa, Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems. RomeTable of ContentsList of Contributors Acronyms Preface 1. Introduction: The Science-Policy-Stakeholder Interface (SPSI) 2. Putting the 'Integration' In Science-Policy-Stakeholders Interface 3. SPSI and Stakeholder Participation 4. The Science-Policy-Stakeholder Interface in Sustainable Water Management: Creating Interactive, Participatory Scenarios Together with Stakeholders 5. The Science-Policy-Stakeholders Interface in Water Pollution Assessment 6. The Science-Policy-Stakeholder-Interface (SPSI) in Land and Water Use Interactions 7. SPSI and Environmental Flow 8. The SPSI and Transboundary Water Regimes 9. SPSI in Water Management- Lessons Learnt and the Challenges Ahead Index

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Book SynopsisThe result, Planet Earth: A Beginner’s Guide, is an expedition into the origins, evolution, and workings of our home planet in which John Gribbin does what he does best: takes 4.5 billion years of geological history and digs out the essential bits, from the physics of Newton and the geology of Wegener to the environmentalism of Lovelock. Along the journey, he uses stories from history and more current events to bring the science to a human level. Gribbin's introductory guidebook — very much a first step into geology and geography for the uninitiated — is filled with his lively voice and unique view, as he takes on the subject of the Earth from an astronomer's perspective.

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Book SynopsisAs governments around the globe begin to wake up to the far reaching effects of changes in climate, the search for available options and instruments for addressing the issue becomes increasingly vital. This authoritative, step-by-step guide to the assessment of the impacts from, and potential adaptations to, changes of climate is based on the approach developed by the authors and other scientists for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This approach has been widely adopted as 'best practice' by experienced researchers but has not, until now, been available in an accessible form. This illuminating account of the methods used by the IPCC scientists will be essential for all those involved in the study of climate impacts and adaptations, or designing and implementing policies for dealing with them. Written in non-technical language, this state-of-the-art guide is ideal for all people interested in the far-reaching implications of climate change and the greenhouse effect. The book contains numerous illustrations, including several worked examples, clearly presented in boxes and diagrams.Table of ContentsIntroduction * Understanding and Predicting Climate Change * Climate Impact Assessment: Developing the Method * The First Step: Defining the Problem * The Second Step: Selecting the Method * The Third Step: Testing the Method * The Fourth Step: Developing the Scenarios The Fifth step: Assessing the Impacts * The Sixth and Seventh Steps: Evaluating Adaptive Responses * Conclusions: Organizing the Research and Communicating Results * Appendix 1:Summary and Main Features of Integrated Assessment Models * Appendix 2: Some International Data Sources of Interest in Climate-Impact Assessment Studies * References and Notes * Index

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental hazards do not respect international boundaries. In this volume, distinguished international researchers make a significant contribution to the understanding and management of transboundary environmental risks. The transboundary risk topics addressed highlight the key political, economic, social and cultural issues of our times, such as how transboundary risks are constructed, how they are communicated within and between countries, how the authorities can build trust in political management processes, and what forms of democratic risk management institutions are appropriate. Useful practical lessons on the management of transboundary risk at the national and international levels are drawn from the case studies. The volume provides valuable evidence and analysis for those working on international environmental issues and all aspects of risk management.Trade Review'Valuable material for those working on international environmental issues and risk management.' Environment Business Magazine '[An] excellent introduction to basic principles.' Aslib Book Guide 'The book provides valuable insights into analysis and management of transboundary risks... It provides a solid introduction to the sociological complexities of transboundary risk management and highlights a problem much in need of attention. I recommend this book as a solid introduction to international environmental issues.' Risk Analysis 'Many important themes repeatedly surface in this volume... These themes are dealt with clearly and in reasonable depth. Through the case studies the book also offers consideration of a sample of transboundary issues.' Environmental Politics 'This volume offers many interesting insights and points out the challenges in managing transboundary risks. It is a welcome addition to the existing literature that will be relevant to anyone interested in risk management issues.' Journal of Risk ResearchTable of ContentsPreface * Foreword * Introduction * Swedish Aid and the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant * Genetically Modified Crops: What Transboundary Harmonization in Europe? * Transboundary Air Pollution: Lessons for Useful Analysis * Cultures of Uncertainty - Transboundary Risks and BSE in Europe A Transboundary Environmental Controversy on the Danube: The Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Dam System * Transboundary Risk Management in the South: A Nepelese Perspective on Himalayan Water Projects * Border Crossings * Public Participation Across Borders * International Negotiation and the Management of Transboundary Risks * Transboundary Environmental Risk Management in the New Millennium: Lessons for Theory and Practice * Address by Birgitta Dahl, Speaker of the Swedish Parliament * Index

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Book SynopsisEin schneller Einstieg in die Umweltchemie, fachlich fundiert und mit Praxisbezug? Die vorliegende Übersetzung des amerikanischen Bestsellers Elements of Environmental Chemistry macht es möglich. Hier werden die Schwerpunkte der Umweltchemie auf den Punkt gebracht: Welche Faktoren verursachen die Klimaerwärmung? Wo nützt Ozon und wo schadet es? Wie verhalten sich schwer abbaubare Substanzen, wenn sie in die Umwelt gelangen? Ergänzt um aktuelle Beispiele aus Deutschland und Europa vermittelt das einführende Lehrbuch Grundlagen und Anwendungen des chemischen Verhaltens von Stoffen in der Umwelt. Zahlreiche Beispielrechnungen trainieren den Umgang mit chemischen Größen. Den Bezug zur Praxis stellen die über 120 Übungsaufgaben her, und der Lernerfolg kann gleich im Lösungsteil überprüft werden. Ein Grundlagenbuch und ein Werkzeugkasten, der Bachelor-Studenten mit dem notwendigen Wissen ausrüstet. Das ideale Einsteigerbuch für Studierende aller Fachrichtungen.Trade Review"Das Buch bietet zahlreiche Übungen und Beispiele zu aktuellen Themen. Schwerpunkte wie z. B. Klimaerwärmung, Ozon und die Ökotoxikologie von schwer abbaubaren organischen Substanzen werden ausführlich behandelt und bilden die Grundlage für Übungen zur Vertiefung." Allgemeines Ministerialblatt der Bayerischen Staatsregierung (30.05.2018) "Ein schneller Einstieg in die Umweltchemie, fachlich fundiert und mit Praxisbezug? Dieser Band macht es möglich. Hier werden die Schwerpunkte der Umweltchemie auf den Punkt gebracht?" Metall - Fachzeitschrift für Metallurgie (04/2018) "Empfohlen für Studierende der Chemie im Haupt- und Nebenfach sowie in Auswahl auch für Schüler der Sekundarstufe II mit Chemie-Leistungskurs." Ekz.Bibliotheksservice (18.12.2017) "Das ansonsten um aktuelle Beispiele aus Deutschland und Europa ergänzte Lehrbuch ist ein Werkzeugkasten der Umweltchemie und ganz besonders geeignet für an ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit interessierte, sich in den Naturwissenschaften fortbildende Menschen, ein ideales Einsteigerbuch für Studierende aller Fachrichtungen. Sehr empfehlenswert!" Umwelt & Gesundheit (01.12.2017) "Erstmals seit Einführung der Bachelor/Master-Studiengänge steht damit ein modernes Lehrbuch der Umweltchemie zur Verfügung. Aktuelle Schwerpunkte der Umweltchemie wie Klimaerwärmung, Ozon und die Ökotoxikologie von schwer abbaubaren organischen Substanzen werden ausführlich behandelt und bilden die Grundlage für die Übungen, die das gerade gelernte vertiefen." altlastenSpektrum (01.10.2017) Table of ContentsVorwort zur englischen Originalausgabe ix Vorwort zur deutschen Ausgabe xi 1 Einfache Werkzeuge oder: Was man weiß – was man wissen sollte 1 1.1 Umrechnung von Einheiten 1 1.2 Schätzung 3 1.3 Das ideale Gasgesetz 5 1.4 Stöchiometrie 9 1.5 Übungsaufgaben 10 2 Massebilanz und chemische Kinetik 13 2.1 Quasistationäre Massebilanz 13 2.1.1 Durchsatz, Beladung und Verweilzeiten 13 2.1.2 Die Berücksichtigung mehrerer Flüsse 19 2.1.3 Fluss und Flussdichte 21 2.2 Massebilanz im nicht stationären Zustand 24 2.2.1 Die Produktbildung 25 2.2.2 Verbrauch der Edukte 28 2.2.3 Arbeiten mit realen Messdaten 30 2.3 Chemische Kinetik 35 2.3.1 Reaktionen erster Ordnung 35 2.3.2 Reaktionen zweiter Ordnung 36 2.3.3 Michaelis-Menten-Kinetik 38 2.4 Übungsaufgaben 41 Literatur 45 3 Chemie der Atmosphäre 47 3.1 Struktur und Aufbau der Atmosphäre 47 3.2 Licht und Fotochemie 49 3.3 Oxidantien in der Atmosphäre 53 3.4 Kinetik der Reaktionen in der Atmosphäre 54 3.4.1 Das Quasistationaritätsprinzip 54 3.4.2 Die Arrhenius-Gleichung 56 3.5 Ozon in der Stratosphäre 56 3.5.1 Bildung und Abbau von Ozon in der Atmosphäre 56 3.5.2 Der NO/NO2 -Zyklus 57 3.5.3 Der OH/OOH-Zyklus 58 3.5.4 Der Cl/OCl-Zyklus 58 3.5.5 Die Kinetik der Chapman-Reaktionen 61 3.6 Smog 64 3.7 Übungsaufgaben 69 Literatur 74 4 DerKlimawandel 75 4.1 Historischer Zusammenhang 75 4.2 Strahlung eines schwarzen Körpers und die Oberflächentemperatur der Erde 77 4.3 Absorption von Infrarotstrahlung 80 4.4 Treibhauseffekt 81 4.5 Strahlungsbilanz der Erde 82 4.5.1 Treibhausgase 82 4.5.2 Albedo 84 4.5.3 Solarkonstante 84 4.5.4 Kombinierte Wirkung 85 4.6 Aerosole und Wolken 85 4.7 Strahlungsantrieb 87 4.8 Treibhauspotenzial 88 4.9 Schlussbemerkung 90 4.10 Übungsaufgaben 91 Literatur 95 5 CO2 –Gleichgewichte 97 5.1 Reiner Regen 98 5.2 Verschmutzter Regen 101 5.3 Oberflächengewässer 106 5.4 Die Versauerung der Meere 109 5.5 Übungsaufgaben 113 Literatur 117 6 Pestizide, Quecksilber und Blei 119 6.1 Pestizide 120 6.1.1 Diphenylmethananaloga 121 6.1.2 Hexachlorcyclohexan 122 6.1.3 Hexachlorcyclopentadien (HCCPD) 123 6.1.4 Phosphorbasierte Insektizide 126 6.1.5 Carbamate 128 6.1.6 Analoga natürlicher Substanzen 129 6.1.7 Phenoxyessigsäuren 130 6.1.8 Nitroaniline 131 6.1.9 Triazine 132 6.1.10 Chloracetamide 133 6.1.11 Fungizide 134 6.2 Quecksilber 135 6.3 Blei 138 6.4 Übungsaufgaben 140 Literatur 144 7 Organische Verbindungen und ihr Abbau in der Umwelt 145 7.1 Dampfdruck 146 7.2 Wasserlöslichkeit 147 7.3 Henry-Konstante 148 7.4 Verteilungskoeffizienten 148 7.5 Lipophilie 149 7.6 Bioakkumulation 150 7.7 Adsorption 151 7.8 Phasenübergang Wasser-Luft 152 7.9 Reaktiver Abbau organischer Substanzen 156 7.10 Verteilung und Persistenz 157 7.11 Übungsaufgaben 160 Literatur 166 8 PCB, Dioxine und Flammschutzmittel 167 8.1 Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) 167 8.1.1 Nomenklatur der PCBs 168 8.1.2 Herstellung und Verwendung 169 8.1.3 PCBs im Hudson River 170 8.1.4 PCBs in Bloomington, Indiana 173 8.1.5 Die Yushō- und Yu-Cheng-Krankheit 175 8.1.6 Der Envio-PCB-Skandal 177 8.1.7 Schlussfolgerungen 178 8.2 Polychlorierte Dibenzo-p-Dioxine und Dibenzofurane 179 8.2.1 Nomenklatur der Dioxine 179 8.2.2 Die Ödemkrankheit bei Hühnerküken 180 8.2.3 Agent Orange 181 8.2.4 Der Times Beach-Skandal in Missouri 183 8.2.5 Der Störfall von Seveso, Italien 185 8.2.6 Kieselrot 188 8.2.7 Verbrennungsprozesse als Quelle von Dioxinen 189 8.2.8 Dioxin – Neubeurteilung 191 8.2.9 Dioxin – Schlussfolgerungen 191 8.3 Bromierte Flammschutzmittel 192 8.3.1 Polybromierte Biphenyle 192 8.3.2 Polybromierte Diphenylether 194 8.4 Lehren 196 Literatur 197 Anhang A Eine kurze Einführung in die Struktur und Nomenklatur organischer Verbindungen 199 Anhang B Lösungen zu den Übungsaufgaben 213 Anhang C Periodensystem der Elemente 217 Stichwortverzeichnis 221

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Book SynopsisFor over 30 years I have been engaged as a parasitolo­ nitz, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, was arranged in the pres­ gist in research on endemic diseases in our land. However, ence of Professor Jusatz. lt was indeed a great honor for I have been somewhat dissatisfied within my heart of me, but I also felt a very heavy responsibility; how to set hearts from the point of view of a medical person. Most of up the scheme, how to collect the materials, how to di­ gest, analyze and compile them in accordance with the us, myself included, handle disease sectionally, not com­ prehensively. Clinicians pay more attention to finding ef­ original goals. I frankly confess to realizing how limited fective drugs, medical scientists concentrate more effort my knowledge was at the same time. Poor editing would on clarifying pathologic etiology, and public health work­ result in dishonor not only to myself, but to my country ers are more concerned with environmental sanitation. as well. Now at this juncture, the point of editing, I am filled Thus, most of us generally neglect to search out the with deep emotion. In spite of limited time and knowl­ causal relation of a certain disease. For a disease to be established various factors must be involved: agent, ecolo­ edge, this manuscript will be prepared for edition at all gy, hosts, carriers, transmitters, habits, geographic and events.Table of ContentsA. The Land and Its People.- B. Health Facilities, the Health Professions, and Public Health Services.- C. The Diseases of the Country.- D. Factors Affecting Health Problems.- References.- Illustrations.- Maps.- Figures.- Fig. 1. Monthly temperature in Seoul by means (1931–I960).- Fig. 2. Mean air temperature (°C) Annual.- Fig. 3. Mean air temperature (°C) January.- Fig. 4. Mean air temperature (°C) August.- Fig. 5. Amount of precipitation (mm) annual.- Fig. 6. Age distribution 1970.- Fig. 7. Age distribution 1975.- Fig. 8. Development of total population, population of 14 years and over and economically active population, employment by industry.- Fig. 9. Korean farm house type: Central Korean type (Gyeong-gi Do).- Fig. 10. Korean farm house type: Southern Korean type (Jeonra Nam Do).- Fig. 11. Anatomical chart in Ancient Korean Medicine.- Fig. 12. Prevalence of radiological active pulmonary tuberculosis by age (1965, 1970, 1975).- Fig. 13. Incidence curve of Korean hemorrhagic fever (1951–1971).- Fig. 14. Number of gonococcus positive specimens examined during the years 1969–1973 at Severance Hospital Laboratory.- Fig. 15. Quantitative levels of nutrition in Korea.- Fig. 16. Qualitative levels of nutrition in Korea.- Fig. 17. Korean recommended dietary allowances, energy (Cal/day/adult).- Fig. 18. Korean recommended dietary allowances, protein (g/day/adult).- Maps.- Map-Plate.- Map 1 Orography of Korea 1: 3 000 000 Map-Plate.- Map 2 Administration Republic of Korea 1: 1 500 000 Map-Plate.- Map 3 Distribution of Population, Republic of Korea.- Map 3 a Net Migration in and out of Seoul.- Map 3 b Net Migration in and out of Busan.- Map 3 c Invasion Routes of Cholera.- Map-Plate.- Map 4 Health Facilities, Republic of Korea.- Map 4 a Distribution of Leprosy Patients by Birth Place.- Map 4 b Morbidity Rate of Japanese Encephalitis Map 4 c Distribution of Microfilaria Positive Cases Map-Plate.- Map 5 Agrargeographical Survey.- Map 5a Example of Land Use: Alluvial Plain (Honom Plain Near Iri, Province Jeonra Bug Do).- Map 5 b Example of Land Use: Hilly Area (Near Jochiweon, Province Chungcheon Nam Do).- Map 5 c Example of Land Use: Mountainous Area (Taebaeg Mountains West of Mugho, Province Gang-weon Do).

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Table of Contents0. Einführung.- 0.1 Besondere Merkmale des Erddruckproblems.- 0.2 Klassifizierung der Erddruckprobleme.- 0.3 Methoden zur Bestimmung des Erddruckes.- Literatur.- 1. Spannungszustand im Boden.- 1.1 Wirksame und neutrale Spannungen.- 1.2 Berechnung des Spannungszustandes.- Literatur.- 2. Der Ruhedruck. Spannungszustand im Halbraum.- 2.1 Vertikale Spannungen im Halbraum.- 2.2 Waagerechte Spannungen im Ruhezustand.- Literatur.- 3. Die Scherfestigkeit von Böden.- 3.1 Bruchbedingungen.- 3.2 Die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Scherfestigkeit von Böden.- 3.21 Allgemeine Bemerkungen.- 3.22 Scherfestigkeit im geschlossenen System.- 3.23 Scherfestigkeit im offenen System.- 3.3 Scherfestigkeit von Sanden.- 3.4 Scherfestigkeit von bindigen Böden.- 3.41 Kohäsion der Tonböden.- 3.42 Scherfestigkeit der Tonböden.- 3.5 Praktische Hinweise zur Bestimmung des maßgebenden Scherwiderstandes.- 3.6 Scherdeformationen; Rolle des Zeitfaktors.- 3.7 Das Raumgewicht der Böden.- Literatur.- 4. Die allgemeinen Gleichungen des Grenzgleichgewichtes.- 4.1 Gleitflächen und Gleitflächenscharen.- 4.2 Die statische Untersuchung der Gleitflächen.- 4.3 Die KÖtterschen Gleichungen.- 4.4 Randbedingungen.- 4.5 Lösungen der KÖtterschen Gleichung.- 4.6 Unstetigkeitslinie der Spannungen.- 4.7 Wandbewegung, Gleitflächenausbildung und Erddruck.- Literatur.- 5. Grenzgleichgewicht des schwerelosen Körpers.- 5.1 Gesetz der Scherspannung auf der Gleitfläche.- 5.2 Schneidefestigkeit des halbplastischen Körpers.- Literatur.- 6. Grenzgleichgewicht des vollplastischen (reibungsfreien) Körpers.- 6.1 Anwendungsbereich der ? = 0-Analyse.- 6.2 Theoretische Grundlagen.- 6.3 Bestimmung des Erddruckes und des Erdwiderstandes.- 6.4 Grenzhöhe einer freien Böschung.- 6.5 Tunnel im vollplastischen Halbraum.- Literatur.- 7. Plastische Grenzzustände des unendlichen Halbraumes.- 7.1 Gleichgewicht nichtbindiger Böden. Theorie von Rankine.- 7.2 Untersuchung des Halbraumes bei Annahme ebener Gleitflächen.- 7.3 Gleichgewicht eines Erdkeiles im Ruhezustand.- 7.4 Der Coulombsche Halbraum. Lösung von Jelinek.- 7.5 Gleitflächennetz im Coulombschen Halbraum.- 7.6 Grenzgleichgewicht von kömigen Massen, begrenzt durch gebrochene Ebenen.- Literatur.- 8. Bestimmung der Grenzwerte des Erddruckes und des Erd widerstandes (Extremalmethoden).- 8.1 Einleitung. Anwendungsbereich der Grenzwertmethoden.- 8.2 Die Coulombsche Erddrucktheorie.- 8.3 Bestimmung des Coulombschen Extremwertes bei belasteter Erdoberfläche.- 8.4 Erddruck bei Kohäsionsböden mit ebener Gleitfläche.- 8.5 Die Methode von Fellenius zur Untersuchung von Linienbrüchen.- 8.6 Die Methode von Renduli?.- Literatur.- 9. Allgemeine Lösungen auf Grund der Plastizitätstheorie.- 9.1 Theorie von Boussinesq-Résal-Caquot.- 9.2 Theorie von Sokolowski.- Literatur.- 10. Gleichgewichtsmethoden.- 10.1 Einführung.- 10.2 Randbedingungen.- 10.3 Spannungen an einer Kreisgleitfläche; Hilfsgrößen der Erddruckberechnung.- 10.4 Untersuchung eines Linienbruches.- 10.5 Untersuchung eines Flächenbruches.- 10.6 Bestimmung des Erddruckes bei beliebigem Drehmittelpunkt.- Literatur.- 11. Einige Sonderfälle des Erddruckes.- 11.1 Erddruck auf parallele lotrechte Wände.- 11.2 Erddruck auf Rohrleitungen.- 11.3 Silo-Aufgaben.- 11.4 Erddruck und Erdwiderstand auf eine kreiszylindrische Fläche.- 11.5 Verankerungen.- Literatur.- Referenzen.- Namenverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisWenn die Verfasser im Gegensatz zu früheren Arbeiten über bodenmecha­ nische Voruntersuchungen die Messungen in den Vordergrund ihrer Betrachtungen gestellt haben, so deshalb, weil die Entwicklung der Bodenmechanik zu einem großen Teil eine Sache der Theorie gewesen ist und in Spezialarbeiten zu einem mathematischen Aufwand geführt hat, der oft über die Bedürfnisse der Praxis hinausgeht, aber trotz allem nicht zu zuverlässigen Ergebnissen geführt hat. Die Bodenmechanik befindet sich heute an einem Punkt, wo eher durch Messungen ein Fortschritt erwartet werden kann. Der bisherige Bestand muß an Hand der Beobachtungen beim Versuch oder am fertigen Bauwerk überprüft und eine Auslese unter den theoretischen Überlegungen getroffen werden, deren Wert heute noch unentschieden ist. Das bedingt, daß nicht nur gemessen wird, sondern auch, daß die Versuchs­ und Meßergebnisse nicht als totes Kapitel, das nur für einen eng begrenzten Zweck verwendet wird, betrachtet, sondern systematisch ausgewertet werden. Bei der Behandlung eines so umfangreichen Zahlenmaterials, wie es bei den Vorunter­ suchungen des Grundbaus anfällt, kommt man ohne statistische Forschungs­ verfahren nicht aus. Einer derartigen Bearbeitung stehen allerdings gerade beim Untergrund verschiedene Hindernisse entgegen, vor allem die Tatsache, daß sich die Zusammensetzung und Beschaffenheit des Bodens nicht durch eine einfache Zahl wiedergeben läßt, außerdem aber die Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Kenn­ ziffern von den verschiedensten Veränderlichen. Dadurch bleiben Versuchsergeb­ nisse, die mit verschiedenen Apparaten und auf verschiedenen Baustellen oder in verschiedenen Anstalten gewonnen wurden, unvergleichbar.Table of Contents1. Untersuchungen vor Baubeginn.- 2. Untersuchungen am fertigen Bauwerk.- Grundlegendes Schrifttum zum Thema des Buches.- 1. Normen und Richtlinien anderer Institutionen.- 2. Bücher über die Durchführung von Labor- und Feldversuchen.- 3. Veröffentlichungen der Institute der Verfasser nach Erscheinen der ersten Auflage dieses Buches.

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Book SynopsisWas treibt den Klimawandel voran? Welche Auswirkungen hat er auf die Ökosysteme der Erde, unsere Umwelt und uns? Was kann ich tun? Dieses Buch erklärt verständlich und übersichtlich die Zusammenhänge, Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen zur größten Herausforderung der Menschheit: dem Klimawandel.Das Autorenteam stellt in klarer Sprache über 100 Aspekte auf jeweils einer Doppelseite dar. Mit eindrucksvollen Sketchnotes illustriert und veranschaulicht Professorin und Sketchnoterin Katharina Theis-Bröhl die manchmal einfachen, manchmal komplizierten Sachverhalte immer verständlich. Denn: Sketchnotes sind nicht nur schön anzusehen – sie sind auch eine effektive Merkhilfe, ein Strukturmittel und eine Hilfe, das Wesentliche herauszukristallisieren. Verständliche Begleittexte von Cecilia Scorza-Lesch und Harald Lesch runden das jeweilige Thema informativ ab.Mit diesem Buch können Sie die Ursachen des Klimawandels verstehen, die physikalischen Zusammenhänge entdecken und sowohl lokale als auch globale Auswirkungen erkennen. Sie erfahren, welche Rolle unsere Lage im Sonnensystem spielt, welche Rückkopplungsprozesse es bei der Erderwärmung gibt und was es bedeutet, wenn die Ozeane versauern. Und letztendlich wird die Frage gestellt: Wie viel Zeit haben wir noch, zu handeln? Aus dem Inhalt: Wie besonders ist die Erde? Den Treibhauseffekt verstehen Das Klimasystem der Erde Der Klimawandel Auswirkungen des Klimawandels Was kann ich tun? Zukunftsblick Trade Review“Obwohl man meinen könnte, dass zum Thema Klimawandel schon genug gesagt und publiziert worden ist, darf dieses Buch meiner Meinung nach in keiner Bücherei fehlen. Es vermittelt umfassend und fundiert wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die dabei helfen, den Klimawandel zu verstehen. ... Ich denke, dass sich das Buch an alle Altersklassen richtet und auch vorgelesen werden kann ...” (Sophia Dietzel, in: Buchprofile medienprofile, Jg. 67, Heft 2, 2022)Table of ContentsWie besonders ist die Erde?.- Den Treibhauseffekt verstehen.- Das Klimasystem der Erde.- Der Klimawandel.- Auswirkungen des Klimawandels.- Was kann ich tun?.- Zukunftsblick.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisIn this fully up-to-date volume, important new developments and applications of discrete element modelling are highlighted and brought together for presentation at the First International UDEC/3DEC Symposium.Papers covered the following key areas:* behaviour of masonry structures (walls, bridges, towers, columns)* stability and deformation of tunnels and caverns in fractured rock masses* geomechanical modelling for mining and waste repositories* rock reinforcement design (anchors, shotcrete, bolts)* mechanical and hydro-mechanical behaviour of dams and foundations* rock slope stability, deformation and failure mechanisms* modelling of fundamental rock mechanical problems* modelling of geological processes* constitutive laws for fractured rock masses and masonry structures* dynamic behaviour of discrete structures.Numerical Modelling of Discrete Materials in Geotechnical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Earth Sciences provides an ultra-modern, in-depth analysis of discrete element modelling in a range of different fields, thus proving valuable reading for civil, mining, and geotechnical engineers, as well as other interested professionals.Table of ContentsPrefaceOrganisationMasonry StructuresTunnels and CavernsMining and Waste RepositoriesGeneral GeomechanicsRock ReinforcementsSlopes, Dams and FoundationsAuthor index

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Book SynopsisThis book series looks at each of the main coastal habitats – salt marshes, sand dunes and sand/shingle shores, modified coastal grazing marshes/salinas and sea cliffs in turn. Each habitat is described in relation to its natural development and the way this has been influenced by human actions. The different states in which the habitats exist are reviewed against the pressures exerted upon them. Options for management are considered and the likely consequences of taking a particular course of action are highlighted.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"This work … focuses on the values of temperate salt marshes, problems associated with anthropogenic impacts, and methods of achieving positive changes. … The text is extremely well organized … . The wealth of information in this book comprises a valuable resource, not only for professional managers and policy makers, indeed for anyone who cares about saving these ecologically valuable land-sea interfaces. Summing Up: Highly recommended. General readers; upper-division undergraduates through professionals." (R. E. Knowlton, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (9), 2008)Table of ContentsHuman Influences.- Nature Conservation.- States and Values.- The Physical States.- Physical States, Restoration Methods.- Vegetation States.- Grazing Management.- Spartina.- Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisShows that geomagnetism is an enduring area of science, one that offers answers to some of the biggest questions about our planet's past - and maybe even its future. Suitable for those who have struggled with a compass or admired a ragged V of migrating geese, this book demonstrates that education and entertainment need not be polar opposites.Trade Review"If you're looking for a gift for a self-described geek drawn to science books like an iron filing to a magnet, then consider Our Magnetic Earth, a fascinating explanation of that mysterious force." (Julia Keller, Chicago Tribune)"

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Book SynopsisExplores animal body size from a macroecological perspective, examining species, populations, and other large groups of animals in order to uncover the patterns and causal mechanisms of body size throughout time and across the globe.Trade Review"This diverse collection provides a fascinating glimpse into a fundamental property of animal communities: the distribution of body sizes. With a stimulating integration of ecology and paleobiology that addresses the interplay of structure, function, the environment, and evolutionary history, this compilation is sure to appeal to a broad readership. By bringing to the forefront a suite of unanswered questions, the contributors' efforts will motivate exciting new research into how communities are structured across space and through time." (Rebecca Terry, Oregon State University)"

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Book SynopsisThis work demonstrates the advantages of macroecology for conservation, showing how it allows scientists to look beyond endangered species and ecological communities in order to consider the long history and large geographic scale of human impacts.

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Book SynopsisOriginally published anonymously in 1844, "Vestiges" was the first attempt to connect the natural sciences to a history of creation. This volume includes Chambers's earliest works on cosmology, an essay on Darwin and an autobiographical essay. It also features a new introduction by James Secord.

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Book SynopsisThe environmental movement is plagued by pessimism. And that's not unreasonable: with so many complicated, seemingly intractable problems facing the planet, coupled with a need to convince people of the dangers we face, it's hard not to focus on the negative But that paints an unbalanced-and overly disheartening-picture of what's going on with environmental stewardship today. There are success stories, and Our Once and Future Planet delivers a fascinating account of one of the most impressive areas of current environmental experimentation and innovation: ecological restoration. Veteran investigative reporter Paddy Woodworth has spent years traveling the globe and talking with people-scientists, politicians, and ordinary citizens-who are working on the front lines of the battle against environmental degradation. At sites ranging from Mexico to New Zealand and Chicago to Cape Town, Woodworth shows us the striking successes (and a few humbling failures) of groups that are attempting to

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