Earth Sciences, Geography & Environment Books

Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive, multidisciplinary introduction to theme parks and the field of theme park studies. It identifies and discusses relevant economic, social, and cultural as well as medial, historical, and geographical aspects of theme parks worldwide, from the big international theme park chains to smaller, regional, family-operated parks. The book also describes the theories and methods that have been used to study theme parks in various academic disciplines and reviews the major contexts in which theme parks have been studied. By providing the necessary backgrounds, theories, and methods to analyze and understand theme parks both as a business field and as a socio-cultural phenomenon, this book will be a great resource to students, academics from all disciplines interested in theme parks, and professionals and policy-makers in the leisure and entertainment as well as the urban planning sector.Table of Contents1) Introduction 2) Attractions 3) Authenticity 4) Economic Strategy 5) History of Theme Parks 6) Immersion 7) Inclusion and Exclusion 8) Industry 9) Labor 10) Media 11) Metatexts and Reception 12) Methods 13) Planning and Layout 14) Space 15) Theming 16) Time 17) Visitors and Customers 18) Worldviews 19) Bibliography 20) Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe free market underpins our economy and our way of thinking around enterprise and value, but it is also a major factor in the sustainability problems that we now live with. Climate change, child labour and oil spills are just a few of the many problems associated with our economic activity and, although many companies have made an effort to produce more sustainably, the pace of change is much too slow. This engaging and accessible textbook teaches students the relationship between the economy and sustainability, assessing the hand of the free market on company behaviour and, ultimately, providing a framework for transition to a sustainable economy.Using case studies and optional assessment questions, this textbook explains to students what a market is at the macro level and then translates the effects of the market to industries and subsequently to the strategic choices of companies at the micro level. It adopts a model of 8 guiding principles that underpin the current free market economy and 8 guiding principles for the sustainable market economy. Switching these deeply held principles will be essential to any serious transition to a sustainable economy.Table of ContentsIntroduction 91. How markets work 111.1. What do we mean by a (free) market? 121.2. Effects of markets on the choices of companies 221.3. Summary 352. Market Failure: The Tragedy Of The Coercive Hand 372.1. Damage due to product leadership 372.2. Damage due to cost savings 512.3. Summary 723. Guiding principles in our current economic model 753.1. Acting freely for more possessions 763.2. The employee is a means of production 863.3. Economic growth and trickle down 943.4. The role of government in the market economy 993.5. Summary 103Towards a new DNA for a sustainable market 1064. Guiding principles for a sustainable economy 1094.1. Acting responsibly for greater well-being 1094.2. Man is an equal production partner 1354.3. Multiple growth for all 1394.4. The role of government in a sustainable market 1434.5. Summary 1485. The happiness of a sustainable market 1515.1. How the sustainable market works 1515.2. Translating guiding principles into a sustainable mission and vision 1545.3. Sustainable product leadership 1585.4. Cost savings: devoloping sustainable production processes 1675.5. Summary 187Afterword – Now What? The role of citizens, businesses and government 191

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart I: The Major Themes.- Chapter 1: What Are Landscapes? The French Context.- Chapter 2: The Fundamental Geological Context For French Geomorphology.- Chapter 3: France In Its European Geological And Geomorphological Setting.- Chapter 4: Landforms And Geomorphic Processes (French Examples).- Chapter 5: French Cultural Landscapes - Relation To Geomorphology.- Part Ii: Geomorphic Regions Of France.- Chapter 6: Armorica (Brittany, Vendée, Cotentin).- Chapter 7: The Eastern Uplands From The Ardennes To The Vosges.- Chapter 8: The Massif Central (Limousin, Auvergne, Causses).- Chapter 9: The Paris Basin (Northern Chalk Plateaux, Eastern Scarplands, The Central Paris Basin - Île De France, The Middle Loire Valley).- Chapter 10: Aquitaine.- Chapter 11: The Pyrenees.- Chapter 12: The Jura Mountains And The Saône Basin.- Chapter 13: The Northern French Alps And The Middle Rhône.- Chapter 14: The Southern French Alps, Provence And The Mediterranean Coast.- Chapter 15: Corsica.- Chapter 16: Final Thoughts.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNever before had the garden to fulfil so many demands as it does today. It is a refuge from digitalised life and acts as a bridge to nature. As a man-made place where plants grow, it is cultivated and untamable at the same time. While for centuries the gardener's ambition was to control and subjugate nature, today it serves more as a place for retreat, a possible surrogate for wilderness, a habitat for animals or it fulfils the dream of self-sufficiency. In this book, landscape architects, sociologists, architects, artists, philosophers and historians illuminate different aspects of the garden in the Anthropocene in six chapters: the garden as a place of community, garden as art, garden as a place of enchantment and rapture, opening up questions of what garden as a model could stand for.

Read more less

Book SynopsisInstitutions — the state, the church, the army, the judiciary, the university, the bank, etc.— organise social relations. As social structures, they regulate societies according to various practices, rites and rules of conduct, and guide our actions by delimiting what is possible and thinkable. Institutions’ individual scope depends on how the society as a whole understands them. They are in perpetual mutation and thus form complex entities. Architecture plays an essential role in the establishment, identification and perpetuation of this social structure as it formalises value systems in space and represents ideologies in permanent physical structures. Architecture establishes and reveals the way an institution functions through different strategies. Institutions and the City investigates this role of architecture, taking the Tracé Royal (King’s Street) in Brussels as an example. Running from the Place Royale in the heart of the city to the Église Royale Sainte-Marie in the Schaerbeek district north of it, it is the place where several of Belgium’s national political, legal, religious, financial, and cultural institutions are located. The book explores the stratagems put in place over time by the various institutions to inscribe themselves durably on the country’s social order, and reveals similar spatial responses and surprisingly common mutation processes. And it highlights the importance of architecture when it comes to inventing new relationships with institutional spaces in order to live together better in a time when social, political and cultural reference points are being blurred. Text in English, French and Dutch.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTowards Territorial Transition presents new spatial strategies, concepts, and approaches for shaping large-scale and transnational developments in architecture and urban design towards decarbonisation and ecological transition. The contributions investigate interactions between ecological and resource-related systems and landscapes. They also explore potential solutions to address and deal with the dramatic threats posed by climate change and the emerging social crisis. The book introduces six basic terms of territorial transition — territory, scale, transition, resource, platform, and uncertainty — and visualises them with spatial strategies elaborated at the École nationale supérieure d’architecture Versailles and at Graz University of Technology. Moreover, it presents a selection of transnational projects of territorial transition, such as Luxembourg in Transition (Luxembourg / France), Grand Genève (Switzerland / France), and Top Noordrand (Brussels / Flanders).

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents innovative research on various aspects of sustainability in the field of operations management and illustrates the potential of sustainability thinking and practice to improve operations performance and thereby meet customer needs. Particular attention is devoted to corporate social responsibility and marketing strategy, knowledge management for sustainability, the role of culture in a sustainable built environment, sustainable manufacturing through the application of lean and green concepts, advancing sustainability through ISO standards, and the sustainable supply chain. The present decade is proving to be a time of change in terms of business strategies and operations management. Many of the trends are still subject to uncertainty, but an understanding of the need for, and benefits of, sustainability can give a clear indication of their trajectory. Consumers and markets in general believe that while implementing their business strategies, companies should also try to improve society and the environment and to exercise social responsibility toward their employees. This book provides insights into how this may be achieved, and it is recommended for researchers as well as all practitioners and managers dedicated to enhancing sustainability in operations.Table of ContentsMarketing strategy, strategic planning and corporate social responsibility: an exploratory research.- Sustainable knowledge management and the outsourcing of core competences-Does that fit together? Initial insights from a literature review.- The role of culture in a sustainable built environment.- The management of environmental performance in the supply chain: an overview.- The measurement of environmental performance in hospitals: a systematic review of literature.- How does innovativeness foster sustainable supply chain management?.- Sustainable manufacturing: the lean and green business model.- Sustainability through eco-design: shedding light on the adoption of the ISO 14006 standard.- Early adoption of ISO 50001 standard: an empirical study.- Sustainability in Iran’s road transport sector: evaluating strategies and policies.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book explores the value of the musical concept of “agogics” – the modification of regular rhythm to enhance expressive potential – in understanding urban spatial configurations within the current technological context and in developing urban maps that exploit sonic signals to create an open learning framework. The book starts by discussing the meaning and significance of agogics in the musical and artistic realm, with reference to the work of Adolphe Appia, Emile-Jaques Dalcroze, and Iannis Xenakis, among others. Its relevance to cartography and mapping is then examined, taking into account the contributions of Ian McHarg, Bill Hillier, Mark Shepard, and Robin Minard. The nature and value of agogic maps, for example in fostering awareness of place and effective organization of spatial development, are described in detail, with reference to case studies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Segrate, Italy. It is explained how agogic maps take advantage of innovative categories and scripting equipment to provide a new mapping instrument for spatial and urban configurations, highlighting the interdependence between aural signals and spatial variables. This book will be of interest to architects, urbanists, and musicians with a specific interest in space and sound design.Table of ContentsAgogic in music: The practice of rhythm, from music to space and backward.- Agogic in space: A scenario for the Gesamtkustwerk.- Agogic and the space “undulated”.- Urban spectrographies and the problem of orientation in sensitive territories.- Space-script construction: Three phases in a topographic transformation of sound and visual material.- Euphony: Dissonances for a modern urban environment. Accessibility as the temperament of signals and impulses.- The role of sound maps: A “modern” paradigm in space design.- Urban sampling, two case studies: Reconstructing the inhabitation model through an aural imaginary.- The agogic script. Interdependency between aural signals and spatial variables.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHarmful algal blooms (HABs) - blooms that cause fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, or cause human or ecological health impacts and harm to local economies - are occurring more often, in more places and lasting longer than in past decades. This expansion is primarily the result of human activities, through increased nutrient inputs and various aspects of climate change.The Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) programme promoted international collaboration to understand HAB population dynamics in various oceanographic regimes and to improve the prediction of HABs.This volume introduces readers to the overarching framework of the GEOHAB programme, factors contributing to the global expansion of harmful algal blooms, the complexities of HABs in different habitats, and the forward-looking issues to be tackled by the next generation of GEOHAB, GlobalHAB. The programme brought together an international team of contributing scientists and ecosystem managers, and its outcomes will greatly benefit the international research community.Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents a practical framework for the application of big data, cloud, and pervasive and complex systems to sustainable solutions for urban environmental challenges. It covers the technologies, potential, and possible and impact of big data on energy efficiency and the urban environment.The book first introduces key aspects of big data, cloud services, pervasive computing, and mobile technologies from a pragmatic design perspective, including sample open source firmware. Cloud services, mobile and embedded platforms, interfaces, operating system design methods, networking, and middleware are all considered. The authors then explore in detail the framework, design principles, architecture and key components of developing energy systems to support sustainable urban environments. The included case study provides a pathway to improve the eco-efficiency of urban transport, demonstrating how to design an energy efficient next generation urban navigation system by leveraging vast cloud data sets on user-behavior. Ultimately, this resource maps big data’s pivotal intersection with rapid global urbanization along the path to a sustainable future.Table of ContentsPart I Features of Big data Systems.- Big Data Introduction.-Big data Systems landscape/ overview.- Part II Developing Sustainable Big data systems.- The trends of Big data systems.- Platform Architecture.- Reference Architecture.- ISUNS system design (Case Study).- Part III Future Development to Enhance Eco-efficiency.- Potential Applications for Big data systems.- Performance Evaluation.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book explores how integrated management of environmental resources via a Nexus Approach can help to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It takes a process-oriented view on what should or needs to be done to implement a Nexus Approach and how this relates to SDGs. After sketching the background and conceptual outline, contributions to the book explore key aspects of monitoring and implementation. Specifically, they: focus on the importance of monitoring resource use and how to advance it at the international level to support SDG implementation, exemplify the resources perspective on the nexus approach by exploring how to close the nitrogen cycle and stay within planetary boundaries, elaborate on proven and emerging strategies for nexus implementation, highlighting means to enhance, monitor and analyse stakeholder participation, explain how the horizontal and vertical nexus dimensions interact and can support SDG implementation. The book sheds new light on key aspects of the interrelation between SDGs and the Nexus Approach and provides specific recommendations how to advance it.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Nexus Approach as Tool for Achieving SDGs: Trends and Needs.- Chapter 2. Key Strategies to Achieve the SDGs and Consequences for Monitoring Resource Use.- Chapter 3. The Urgent Need to Re-Engineer Nitrogen-Efficient Food Production for the Planet.- Chapter 4. Participatory Processes and Integrated Modelling Supporting Nexus Implementations.- Chapter 5. Games for Aiding Stakeholder Deliberation on Nexus Policy Issues.- Chapter 6. Governance of Water-Energy-Food Nexus: A Social Network Analysis Approach to Understanding Agency Behaviour.- Chapter 7. Integrated SDG Implementation – How a Cross-Scale (Vertical) and Cross-Regional Nexus Approach Can Complement Cross-Sectoral (Horizontal) Integration.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA non-technical (but serious) treatment of those parts of Earth history leading up to human history, as well as some pre-historical aspects of humanity. Many “events” in Earth’s history necessarily preceded the emergence of human beings (and intelligence). Geology has provided us with a great deal of information about these various steps on the way to intelligent life, and how and why they were important. Some of these events were on a cosmic scale (no universe – no life!), some were planetological/astronomical (no Earth – no life), some were essentially chemical (how did life emerge in the primordial ocean and why do we have oxygen in the atmosphere?), and some were details of evolutionary history (how did life colonize the land and how did mammals develop?). In this book an enthusiastic professor of geosciences presents a broad introduction from the Big Bang to the present and into the future, lucidly explaining aspects from various disciplines to interested, non-specialist readers.Trade Review“The book would be a wonderful resource for advanced undergraduates or for a graduate-level seminar, as each chapter focuses on a key question regarding life on Earth. … The index is brief; the few images are useful additions to the text. … Summing Up: Recommended. Advanced undergraduates through faculty and professionals.” (L. T. Spencer, Choice, Vol. 56 (11), July, 2019)Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.Chapter 2. In the beginning…and somewhat later.Chapter 3. How to make a habitable planet.Chapter4. Prebiotic chemical synthesis.Chapter 5. The origin of life.Chapter 6. Interlude.Chapter 7. Photosynthesis – the game changer.Chapter 8. The rise of oxygen and the origin of the eukaryotic cell.Chapter 9. Earliest plants and animals.Chapter 10. The Cambrian explosion and emergence of “modern” body plans.Chapter 11. The end of the Ordovician and the colonization of the land.Chapter 12. The Permian extinction and the rise of the dinosaurs.Chapter 13. End of Cretaceous extinction – the end of the dinosaurs.Chapter 14. The rise of mammals, the Genus Homo, and the ongoing extinction event.Chapter 15. Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhat motivates a scientist? One key factor is the pressure from the competition to be the first to discover something new. The moral consequences of this are the subject of the play "Oxygen", dealing with the discovery of this all-important element. The focus of the play is on chemical and political revolutions, as well as the Nobel Prize, which will be awarded for the 100th time in 2001. The action takes place in 1777 and 2001; and the play is written for 3 actors and 3 actresses who play a total of 11 characters. The world premiere will take place in early 2001 in San Diego, and the German premiere in September. The world-famous authors Carl Djerassi and Roald Hoffmann are a guarantee of excellence and suspense, both in their role as scientists -- Carl Djerassi is known as the "Father of the Pill" while Roald Hoffmann received the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1982 - as well as in their role as authors -- Djerassi has written several successful novels, while Hoffmann is renowned for his poetry.Trade ReviewPart of a feature story on Carl Djerassi: "It is 50 years since Carl Djerassi invented the contraceptive pill... and changed human behaviour for good. He has not stood still since... His latest work... a play called... "Oxygen"... examines the nature of achievement and accolades." (The Economist Technology Quarterly, June 23, 2001) Part of the information regarding the ACS meeting on the editor's page: "If you are one of those lucky chemists going to San Diego, be sure to... see on of the performances of the world premiere of "Oxygen"... If you're not coming,... you might want to read the play, which is being published by Wiley-VCH." (Chemical and Engineering News, March 5, 2001) "...the mere existence of the play is to be applauded, and the authors congratulated." (Education in Chemistry, November 2001) "The play works very well." (The Lancet, 17 November 2001) "Oxygen is an important stage in the move towards a more inclusive form of education and plays testimony to the power of theatre to open up the possibility of an interdisciplinary way of viewing the world." (Irish Times, 23 November 2001) As the play's cover notes declare, 'the ethical issues around priority and discovery at the heart of this play are as timely today as they were in 1777'...Harold Varmus, Nobel Prize in Medicine, comments ‘With wit, scholarship, and stage craftsmanship, Oxygen shows us how much scientists have learned about the world and how little they have changed.'" (Advanced Materials & Processes, July 2001) "The book of the play is stylishly produced.... If you have not seen the play, I thoroughly commend the book to you." (Interdisciplinary Science Review, Vol.27, No.1, 2002) "...We give Oxygen, an enjoyable, engrossing, and above all provocative and thought-provoking play and enthusiastic two thumbs up."(The Chemical Educator, Vol.8, No.2, 2003)Table of ContentsBy the same Authors. Foreword. Production History. Cast of Characters. Scene 1. Intermezzo 1. Scene 2. Intermezzo 2. Scene 3. Scene 4. Intermezzo 3. Scene 5. Scene 6. Scene 7. Scene 8. Scene 9. Intermezzo 4. Scene 10. Intermezzo 5. Scene 11. Scene 12. Acknowledgments.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisA practical guide to the basic physics that radiation protection professionals need A much-needed working resource for health physicists and other radiation protection professionals, this volume presents clear, thorough, up-to-date explanations of the basic physics necessary to address real-world problems in radiation protection. Designed for readers with limited as well as basic science backgrounds, Physics for Radiation Protection emphasizes applied concepts and carefully illustrates all topics through examples as well as practice problems. Physics for Radiation Protection draws substantially on current resource data available for health physics use, providing decay schemes and emission energies for approximately 100 of the most common radionuclides encountered by practitioners. Excerpts of the Chart of the Nuclides, activation cross sections, fission yields, fission-product chains, photon attenuation coefficients, and nuclear masses are also provided. Coverage includes: The atom as an energy system An overview of the major discoveries in radiation physics Extensive discussion of radioactivity, including sources and materials Nuclear interactions and processes of radiation dose Calculational methods for radiation exposure, dose, and shielding Nuclear fission and production of activation and fission products Specialty topics ranging from nuclear criticality and applied statistics to X rays Extensive and current resource data cross-referenced to standard compendiums Extensive appendices and more than 400 figures This complete discussion of the basic concepts allows readers to advance their professional skills.Trade Review“The book is intended as a comprehensive treatise about all the physics aspects upon which radiation protection is based.” (Health Physics, 1 March 2014) “A highly practical resource for health physicists and other professionals in radiation protection.” (ETDE Energy Database, 1 October 2013)Table of ContentsPreface xvii 1 Structure of Atoms 1 1.1 Atom Constituents 2 1.2 Structure, Identity, and Stability of Atoms 5 1.3 Chart of the Nuclides 6 1.4 Nuclear Models 8 Problems – Chapter 1 9 2 Atoms and Energy 11 2.1 Atom Measures 12 2.2 Energy Concepts for Atoms 14 2.2.1 Mass-energy 15 2.2.2 Binding Energy of Nuclei 16 2.3 Summary 18 Other Suggested Sources 18 Problems – Chapter 2 19 3 Radioactive Transformation 21 3.1 Processes of Radioactive Transformation 21 3.1.1 Transformation of Neutron-rich Radioactive Nuclei 23 3.1.2 Double Beta (ββ) Transformation 27 3.1.3 Transformation of Proton-rich Nuclei 27 3.1.4 Positron Emission 29 3.1.5 Average Energy of Negatron and Positron Emitters 32 3.1.6 Electron Capture (EC) 33 3.1.7 Radioactive Transformation of Heavy Nuclei by Alpha Particle Emission 35 3.1.8 Theory of Alpha Particle Transformation 38 3.1.9 Transuranic (TRU) Radionuclides 40 3.1.10 Gamma Emission 41 3.1.11 Internal Transition (Metastable or Isomeric States) 42 3.1.12 Internal Conversion 43 3.1.13 Multiple Modes of Radioactive Transformation 49 3.1.14 Transformation by Delayed Neutron Emission 51 3.1.15 Transformation by Spontaneous Fission 51 3.1.16 Proton Emission 53 3.2 Decay Schemes 54 3.3 Rate of Radioactive Transformation 57 3.3.1 Activity 58 3.3.2 Units of Radioactive Transformation 58 3.3.3 Mathematics of Radioactive Transformation 60 3.3.4 Half-Life 62 3.3.5 Mean Life 63 3.3.6 Effective Half-life 64 3.4 Radioactivity Calculations 65 3.4.1 Half-life Determination 68 3.5 Activity–mass Relationships 70 3.5.1 Specific Activity 70 3.6 Radioactive Series Transformation 73 3.6.1 Series Decay Calculations 73 3.6.2 Recursive Kinetics: the Bateman Equations 76 3.7 Radioactive Equilibrium 77 3.7.1 Secular Equilibrium 78 3.7.2 Transient Equilibrium 80 3.7.3 Radionuclide Generators 81 3.8 Total Number of Transformations (Uses of t and λEff) 84 3.9 Discovery of the Neutrino 86 Acknowledgments 87 Other Suggested Sources 87 Problems – Chapter 3 88 4 Interactions 91 4.1 Production of X-rays 91 4.2 Characteristic X-rays 93 4.2.1 X-rays and Atomic Structure 95 4.2.2 Auger Electrons 96 4.3 Nuclear Interactions 98 4.3.1 Cross-Section 100 4.3.2 Q-values for Nuclear Reactions 102 4.4 Alpha Particle Interactions 104 4.4.1 Alpha–Neutron Reactions 105 4.5 Transmutation by Protons and Deuterons 106 4.5.1 Proton–Alpha Particle (p,α) Reactions 108 4.5.2 Proton–Neutron (p,n) Reactions 109 4.5.3 Proton–Gamma (p,γ) Reactions 110 4.5.4 Proton–Deuteron Reactions 110 4.5.5 Deuteron–Alpha (d,α) Reactions 111 4.5.6 Deuteron–Proton (d,p) and Deuteron–Neutron (d,n) Reactions 111 4.6 Neutron Interactions 114 4.6.1 Radiative Capture (n,γ) Reactions 114 4.6.2 Charged Particle Emission (CPE) 115 4.6.3 Neutron–Proton (n,p) Reactions 116 4.6.4 Neutron–Neutron (n,2n) Reactions 116 4.7 Activation Product Calculations 117 4.7.1 Neutron Activation Product Calculations 119 4.7.2 Charged Particles Calculations 124 4.8 Medical Isotope Reactions 126 4.9 Transuranium Elements 128 4.10 Photon Interactions 130 4.10.1 Activation by Photons 130 4.11 Fission and Fusion Reactions 133 4.11.1 Fission 133 4.11.2 Fusion 134 4.12 Summary 138 Other Suggested Sources 139 Problems – Chapter 4 139 5 Nuclear Fission and its Products 143 5.1 Fission Energy 145 5.2 Physics of Sustained Nuclear Fission 147 5.3 Neutron Economy and Reactivity 152 5.4 Nuclear Power Reactors 154 5.4.1 Reactor Design: Basic Systems 155 5.5 Light Water Reactors (LWRs) 157 5.5.1 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) 157 5.5.2 Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) 159 5.5.3 Inherent Safety Features of LWRs 161 5.5.4 Decay Heat in Power Reactors 163 5.5.5 Uranium Enrichment 164 5.6 Heavy Water Reactors (HWRs) 165 5.6.1 HWR Safety Systems 168 5.7 Breeder Reactors 169 5.7.1 Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) 171 5.8 Gas-cooled Reactors 174 5.8.1 High-temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) 175 5.9 Reactor Radioactivity 176 5.9.1 Fuel Cladding 177 5.9.2 Radioactive Products of Fission 178 5.9.3 Production of Individual Fission Products 182 5.9.4 Fission Products in Spent Fuel 184 5.9.5 Fission Product Poisons 185 5.10 Radioactivity in Reactors 188 5.10.1 Activation Products in Nuclear Reactors 188 5.10.2 Tritium Production in Reactors 191 5.10.3 Low-level Radioactive Waste 192 5.11 Summary 193 Acknowledgments 194 Other Suggested Sources 195 Problems – Chapter 5 195 6 Naturally Occurring Radiation and Radioactivity 197 6.1 Discovery and Interpretation 197 6.2 Background Radiation 199 6.3 Cosmic Radiation 200 6.4 Cosmogenic Radionuclides 203 6.5 Naturally Radioacitve Series 207 6.5.1 Neptunium Series Radionuclides 214 6.6 Singly Occurring Primordial Radionuclides 214 6.7 Radioactive Ores and Byproducts 216 6.7.1 Resource Recovery 218 6.7.2 Uranium Ores 218 6.7.3 Water Treatment Sludge 219 6.7.4 Phosphate Industry Wastes 219 6.7.5 Elemental Phosphorus 220 6.7.6 Manhattan Project Wastes 221 6.7.7 Thorium Ores 223 6.8 Radioactivity Dating 224 6.8.1 Carbon Dating 224 6.8.2 Dating by Primordial Radionuclides 225 6.8.3 Potassium–Argon Dating 226 6.8.4 Ionium (230Th) Method 227 6.8.5 Lead-210 Dating 227 6.9 Radon and its Progeny 228 6.9.1 Radon Subseries 229 6.9.2 Working Level for Radon Progeny 232 6.9.3 Measurement of Radon 236 6.10 Summary 240 Acknowledgements 241 Other Suggested Sources 241 Problems – Chapter 6 242 7 Interactions of Radiation with Matter 245 7.1 Radiation Dose and Units 245 7.1.1 Radiation Absorbed Dose 246 7.1.2 Radiation Dose Equivalent 246 7.1.3 Radiation Exposure 247 7.2 Radiation Dose Calculations 249 7.2.1 Inverse Square Law 249 7.3 Interaction Processes 250 7.4 Interactions of Alpha Particles and Heavy Nuclei 252 7.4.1 Recoil Nuclei and Fission Fragments 254 7.4.2 Range of Alpha Particles 254 7.5 Beta Particle Interactions and Dose 257 7.5.1 Energy Loss by Ionization 258 7.5.2 Energy Losses by Bremsstrahlung 258 7.5.3 Cerenkov Radiation 259 7.5.4 Attenuation of Beta Particles 261 7.5.5 Range Versus Energy of Beta Particles 262 7.5.6 Radiation Dose from Beta Particles 264 7.5.7 Beta Dose from Contaminated Surfaces 267 7.5.8 Beta Contamination on Skin or Clothing 268 7.5.9 Beta Dose from Hot Particles 269 7.6 Photon Interactions 270 7.6.1 Photoelectric Interactions 271 7.6.2 Compton Interactions 272 7.6.3 Pair Production 274 7.6.4 Photodisintegration 276 7.7 Photon Attenuation and Absorption 277 7.7.1 Attenuation (μ) and Energy Absorption (μEn) Coefficients 280 7.7.2 Effect of E and Z on Photon Attenuation/Absorption 284 7.7.3 Absorption Edges 286 Checkpoints 288 7.8 Energy Transfer and Absorption by Photons 288 7.8.1 Electronic Equilibrium 293 7.8.2 Bragg–Gray Theory 295 7.9 Exposure/Dose Calculations 296 7.9.1 Point Sources 297 7.9.2 Gamma Ray Constant, Γ 298 7.9.3 Exposure and Absorbed Dose 300 7.9.4 Exposure, Kerma, and Absorbed Dose 301 7.10 Summary 303 Acknowledgments 303 Other Suggested Sources 304 Problems – Chapter 7 304 8 Radiation Shielding 307 8.1 Shielding of Alpha-Emitting Sources 307 8.2 Shielding of Beta-Emitting Sources 308 8.2.1 Attenuation of Beta Particles 308 8.2.2 Bremsstrahlung Effects for Beta Shielding 311 8.3 Shielding of Photon Sources 314 8.3.1 Shielding of Good Geometry Photon Sources 315 8.3.2 Half-Value and Tenth-Value Layers 322 8.3.3 Shielding of Poor Geometry Photon Sources 324 8.3.4 Use of Buildup Factors 330 8.3.5 Effect of Buildup on Shield Thickness 331 8.3.6 Mathematical Formulations of the Buildup Factor 333 8.4 Gamma Flux for Distributed Sources 338 8.4.1 Line Sources 339 8.4.2 Ring Sources 341 8.4.3 Disc and Planar Sources 342 8.4.4 Shield Designs for Area Sources 343 8.4.5 Gamma Exposure from Thick Slabs 350 8.4.6 Volume Sources 355 8.4.7 Buildup Factors for Layered Absorbers 356 8.5 Shielding of Protons and Light Ions 357 8.6 Summary 360 Acknowledgments 360 Other Suggested Sources 361 Problems – Chapter 8 361 9 Internal Radiation Dose 365 9.1 Absorbed Dose in Tissue 365 9.2 Accumulated Dose 366 9.2.1 Internal Dose: Medical Uses 369 Checkpoints 369 9.3 Factors In The Internal Dose Equation 370 9.3.1 The Dose Reciprocity Theorem 377 9.3.2 Deposition and Clearance Data 378 9.3.3 Multicompartment Retention 378 9.4 Radiation Dose from Radionuclide Intakes 383 9.4.1 Risk-Based Radiation Standards 384 9.4.2 Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE) 385 9.4.3 Biokinetic Models: Risk-Based Internal Dosimetry 386 9.4.4 Radiation Doses Due to Inhaled Radionuclides 388 9.4.5 Radiation Doses Due to Ingested Radionuclides 398 9.5 Operational Determinations of Internal Dose 405 9.5.1 Submersion Dose 406 Checkpoints 406 9.6 Tritium: a Special Case 408 9.6.1 Bioassay of Tritium: a Special Case 410 9.7 Summary 411 Other Suggested Sources 412 Problems – Chapter 9 412 10 Environmental Dispersion 415 10.1 Atmospheric Dispersion 417 10.1.1 Atmospheric Stability Effects on Dispersion 420 10.1.2 Atmospheric Stability Classes 422 10.1.3 Calculational Procedure: Uniform Stability Conditions 424 10.1.4 Distance xmax of Maximum Concentration (Xmax) 426 10.1.5 Stack Effects 427 Checkpoints 429 10.2 Nonuniform turbulence: Fumigation, Building Effects 429 10.2.1 Fumigation 429 10.2.2 Dispersion for an Elevated Receptor 431 10.2.3 Building Wake Effects: Mechanical Turbulence 432 10.2.4 Concentrations of Effluents in Building Wakes 433 10.2.5 Ground-level Area Sources 435 10.2.6 Effect of Mechanical Turbulence on Far-field Diffusion 436 10.3 Puff Releases 438 10.4 Sector-Averaged X/Q Values 439 10.5 Deposition/Depletion: Guassian Plumes 443 10.5.1 Dry Deposition 443 10.5.2 Air Concentration Due to Resuspension 447 10.5.3 Wet Deposition 449 10.6 Summary 452 Other Suggested Sources 452 Problems – Chapter 10 453 11 Nuclear Criticality 455 11.1 Nuclear Reactors and Criticality 456 11.1.1 Three Mile Island Accident 456 11.1.2 Chernobyl Accident 458 11.1.3 NRX Reactor: Chalk River, Ontario, December 1952 461 11.1.4 SL-1 Accident 461 11.1.5 K-reactor, Savannah River Site, 1988 462 11.1.6 Fukushima-Daichi Plant—Japan, March 11, 2011 463 11.2 Nuclear Explosions 464 11.2.1 Fission Weapons 464 11.2.2 Fusion Weapons 465 11.2.3 Products of Nuclear Explosions 466 11.2.4 Fission Product Activity and Exposure 467 Checkpoints 469 11.3 Criticality Accidents 470 11.3.1 Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN: June 16, 1958 470 11.3.2 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, NM: December 30, 1958 471 11.3.3 Idaho Chemical Processing Plant: October 16, 1959, January 25, 1961, and October 17, 1978 472 11.3.4 Hanford Recuplex Plant: April 7, 1962 473 11.3.5 Wood River Junction RI: July 24, 1964 473 11.3.6 UKAEA Windscale Works, UK: August 24, 1970 474 11.3.7 Bare and Reflected Metal Assemblies 474 11.4 Radiation Exposures in Criticality Events 475 11.5 Criticality Safety 476 11.5.1 Criticality Safety Parameters 478 11.6 Fission Product Release in Criticality Events 482 11.6.1 Fast Fission in Criticality Events 483 11.7 Summary 485 Acknowledgments 486 Other Suggested Sources 486 Problems – Chapter 11 486 12 Radiation Detection and Measurement 489 12.1 Gas-Filled Detectors 489 12.2 Crystalline Detectors/Spectrometers 493 12.3 Semiconducting Detectors 494 12.4 Gamma Spectroscopy 495 12.4.1 Gamma-Ray Spectra: hv ≤ 1.022 MeV 495 12.4.2 Gamma-Ray Spectra: hv ≥ 1.022 MeV 500 12.4.3 Escape Peaks and Sum Peaks 502 12.4.4 Gamma Spectroscopy of Positron Emitters 503 12.5 Portable Field Instruments 504 12.5.1 Geiger Counters 504 12.5.2 Ion Chambers 505 12.5.3 Microrem Meters 506 12.5.4 Alpha Radiation Monitoring 506 12.5.5 Beta Radiation Surveys 507 12.5.6 Removable Radioactive Surface Contamination 508 12.5.7 Instrument Calibration 509 12.6 Personnel Dosimeters 509 12.6.1 Film Badges 509 12.6.2 Thermoluminescence Dosimeters (TLDs) 510 12.6.3 Pocket Dosimeters 511 12.7 Laboratory Instruments 511 12.7.1 Liquid Scintillation Analysis 511 12.7.2 Proportional Counters 515 12.7.3 End-window GM Counters 517 12.7.4 Surface Barrier Detectors 518 12.7.5 Range Versus Energy of Beta Particles 519 Other Suggested Sources 520 Problems – Chapter 12 521 13 Statistics in Radiation Physics 523 13.1 Nature of Counting Distributions 523 13.1.1 Binomial Distribution 525 13.1.2 Poisson Distribution 525 13.1.3 Normal Distribution 527 13.1.4 Mean and Standard Deviation of a Set of Measurements 530 13.1.5 Uncertainty in the Activity of a Radioactive Source 531 13.1.6 Uncertainty in a Single Measurement 533 Checkpoints 533 13.2 Propagation of Error 534 13.2.1 Statistical Subtraction of a Background Count or Count Rate 535 13.2.2 Error Propagation of Several Uncertain Parameters 537 13.3 Comparison of Data Sets 538 13.3.1 Are Two Measurements Different? 538 13.4 Statistics for the Counting Laboratory 541 13.4.1 Uncertainty of a Radioactivity Measurement 541 13.4.2 Determining a Count Time 542 13.4.3 Efficient Distribution of Counting Time 544 13.4.4 Detection and Uncertainty for Gamma Spectroscopy 545 13.4.5 Testing the Distribution of a Series of Counts (the Chi-square Statistic) 547 13.4.6 Weighted Sample Mean 548 13.4.7 Rejection of Data 549 13.5 Levels of Detection 551 13.5.1 Critical Level 552 13.5.2 Detection Limit (Ld) or Lower Level of Detection (LLD) 554 13.6 Minimum Detectable Concentration or Contamination 558 13.6.1 Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDConc.) 558 13.6.2 Minimum Detectable Contamination (MDCont.) 560 13.6.3 Less-than Level (Lt) 561 13.6.4 Interpretations and Restrictions 561 13.7 Log Normal Data Distributions 562 13.7.1 Particle Size Analysis 565 Acknowledgment 569 Other Suggested Sources 569 Chapter 13 – Problems 569 14 Neutrons 571 14.1 Neutron Sources 571 14.2 Neutron Parameters 573 14.3 Neutron Interactions 575 14.3.1 Neutron Attenuation and Absorption 576 14.4 Neutron Dosimetry 578 14.4.1 Dosimetry for Fast Neutrons 581 14.4.2 Dose from Thermal Neutrons 583 14.4.3 Monte Carlo Calculations of Neutron Dose 585 14.4.4 Kerma for Neutrons 588 14.4.5 Dose Equivalent Versus Neutron Flux 588 14.4.6 Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) 591 14.5 Neutron Shielding 591 14.5.1 Neutron Shielding Materials 591 14.5.2 Neutron Shielding Calculations 593 14.5.3 Neutron Removal Coefficients 594 14.5.4 Neutron Attenuation in Concrete 597 14.6 Neutron Detection 598 14.6.1 Measurement of Thermal Neutrons 599 14.6.2 Measurement of Intermediate and Fast Neutrons 600 14.6.3 Neutron Foils 602 14.6.4 Albedo Dosimeters 604 14.6.5 Flux Depression of Neutrons 604 14.7 Summary 605 Acknowledgment 605 Other Suggested Sources 605 Problems – Chapter 14 606 Answers to Selected Problems 607 Appendix A 613 Appendix B 615 Appendix C 625 Appendix D 629 Index 657

Read more less

Book SynopsisGiven the shortcomings of the Paris Agreement, Anja Zenker examines the potential of free trade benefits as an incentive mechanism for an effective and stable climate change cooperation of states. She addresses the question of how the specific policy design affects the success of the agreement, market and trade outcomes, as well as the compatibility with multilateral WTO obligations.Table of ContentsMitigation Incentives in the Post‐2020 Climate Change Framework.- International Climate Agreements: A Survey of the Game‐Theoretic Literature.- Building a Climate‐Trade Coalition in a Downstream vs. Upstream System of Emission Trading.- WTO Compatibility of a Climate‐Trade Agreement.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomy, biology, sedimentation, and carbonate geochemistry of modern species. Students, early career and advanced scientists alike will profit from a broad synthesis of the current understanding of planktic foraminifers as an ecological indicator, biogeochemical factories, and proxies in paleoceanography. The classification of modern species is amply illustrated with electron and light microscope images of morphotypes, addresses the state-of-the-art of molecular genetics of species, and provides a detailed guide for any laboratory analyses. The biology of planktic foraminifers is extensively discussed in chapters dedicated to the cellular ultrastructure, nutrition, symbionts, reproduction, ontogeny, and test architecture. Building on the biological prerequisites, the distribution of planktic foraminifers is discussed at regional to global scale. The geochemistry and sedimentation of tests are considered in relation to the ecology of the living animal. In the final chapter, which examines the most common methods in planktic foraminifer research, hands-on information is provided on sampling, processing and analyzing samples in the laboratory, as well as selected established methods for data interpretation. The various topics discussed in this book are aimed at the application of planktic foraminifers as sensitive indicators of the changing climate and marine environment.Trade Review“This is an excellent state-of-the-art book containing a wealth of information attractively presented in well-written text and high quality plates and diagrams. As knowledge of modern processes is essential to the interpretation of the fossil record this book will be essential reading for biologists and geologists undertaking research on planktic foraminifera.” (John Murray, Newsletter of Micropaleontology, Issue 96, October, 2017)Table of ContentsSpecies Classification, Test Architecture, Shell Ontogeny, Species Phylogeny.- Sampling Methods and Faunal Analysis.- Cultivation.- Biology, Cellular Ultrastructure, Host Symbiont Relationships, Trophic Activity and Nutrition, Reproduction.- Molecular Genetics in Modern Species.- Ecology.- Stable Isotopes - Paleoceanography.- Element Ratios.- Sedimentation and Preservation of Tests.- Applications.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAndrew Gilmour has a deep understanding of global conflicts and in The Burning Question he draws on his personal knowledge gained from years of working in Afghanistan, Iraq, South Sudan, the Middle East, West Africa, and the Balkans to explain how climate change contributes to the intensification of social and political conflict across the world. This is the first ever book-length treatment that analyses the nexus between conflict and climate change, and what can be done to mitigate the dangers. In his roles both at the UN and as the current head of the Berghof Foundation, Gilmour has been an outspoken advocate for human rights. In The Burning Question, he explores the role of public policy, community action, restoration ecology, and technological innovation in mitigating conflicts caused by climate change. One of the areas of focus in this short, readable, compelling but densely-researched book is the role of climate change and conflict in compounding present and future migration flow

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisVirunga National Park, the green lung in the eastern DR Congo, is Africa's oldest nature reserve. This publication, written by around forty experts, explores the complex history of this UNESCO World Heritage site.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTopics covered: Geochemical record of terrestrial environmental change, and global geochemical cycles; Chemical weathering and climate, river catchment studies; Environmental geochemistry of the terrestrial environment and its effect on health; Organic geochemistry; Marine and sedimentary geochemistry; Mineralogy, microbes and chemistry of weathering; Geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics; Geochemistry of crustal fluids and of catastrophic events.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEsta publicación apoya los procesos de restauración de tierras, como parte del Programa Gran Muralla Verde. Tiene un doble propósito de consolidar las operaciones biofísicas, así como las evaluaciones socioeconómicas, y se basa en intervenciones y experiencias prácticas reunidas a través del Programa Acción Contra la Desertificación. La primera parte de la publicación es un manual práctico que describe cómo implementar un enfoque innovador para la restauración a gran escala de tierras degradadas para la agricultura a pequeña escala. Esto consiste en combinar la plantación de enriquecimiento de especies nativas de gramíneas leñosas y forrajeras con la preparación de áreas terrestres a gran escala para la recolección de agua de lluvia y la permeabilidad del suelo. La segunda parte presenta una metodología para las evaluaciones socioeconómicas. El enfoque propuesto se basa en encuestas de hogares y puede utilizarse para monitorear, evaluar y evaluar los impactos socioeconómicos de las intervenciones de restauración a gran escala. Las encuestas de hogares no solo se utilizan para la evaluación de impacto, sino que también pueden servir para recopilar datos útiles necesarios para planificar una intervención de restauración.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis publication is a practical reference for investment practitioners on the integration of climate change risks, focusing on vulnerability assessments and project appraisals. It illustrates climate funding opportunities, including the green climate fund and the Global Environment Facility

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis publication identifies investment approaches, opportunities, and finance mechanisms in Southeast Asia that can promote and catalyze funds for a sustainable ocean economy.It provides an overview of the "blue economy"" and emphasizes its significance for protecting the biodiversity of natural resources in Southeast Asia. The "blue economy" is defined as the sustainable use of ocean and coastal resources to drive economic growth and improve livelihoods, while protecting and nurturing marine ecosystems. The publication looks how multilateral and bilateral funding sources, a market-based approach, incentives, and regulations can contribute to achieving a blue economy. It also discusses how these elements need to be aligned within a cohesive development framework.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis report explores how regional cooperation and integration (RCI) can be enhanced in Asia and the Pacific to help the region build back resiliently and sustainably from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.The report reflects on lessons learned from efforts to tackle the pandemic through regional cooperation and integration. It provides insights on how region-wide solidarity can be enhanced with the support of multilateral development banks in areas such as trade and investment, connectivity infrastructure, people's mobility, regional public goods, and policy cooperation. The report was jointly prepared by the ADB, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Islamic Development Bank, and the World Bank Group.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Pony Rider Boys In The Alkali is a book of the Pony Rider Boys series which is well-written by Frank Gee Patchin. This collection of ideas by Sir Patchin attempts to compile many of his classic thoughts that are consolidated in a single draft and offer them at an affordable price so that everyone can read them. Some stories are interesting and amazing while others can draw you completely into the book. With an eye-catching cover and professionally typeset manuscript, this edition of The Pony Rider Boys In The Alkali is both modern and readable. The plot has many twists and turns that can engage a reader to read this book by the end of it. This book has been deemed a classic and has been a great collection of ideas that are comprehended so that people of any age can read this novel. A compendium of ideas delivered by Frank Gee Patchin is interesting and adventurous at the same time!

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisGopalkrishna Gandhi has been an administrator, diplomat, author, and public intellectual of distinction for over four decades. His writings have spanned diverse genres, showcasing both his deep scholarship as well as a profound engagement with issues of politics, history,iterature, and culture. He is respected not only for his statesmanship, but also admired as an exemplar of a fading ideal of our republic, one that placed ethics and the pursuit of the common good at the core of our publicife. The Fourthion, a festschrift in honour of Gopalkrishna Gandhi, consists of twenty-six essays contributed by individuals drawn from various walks ofife and from across the globe. Organized into thematic sectionsLiterature and Culture, History, Environment, Politics and Public Affairs, and Memoirsthe essays speak to concerns, interests and sensibilities that animate ourives.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhat might the city of the future look like and how might it meet the needs of future generations while limiting damage to our planet’s fragile ecosystem? This book introduces pioneering architects, designers and planners whose visions for an alternative urban future address issues such as climate change, population density, infrastructure, transportation and digital culture. It includes over 40 radical projects grouped into five key categories: master planning and megacities, transportation and infrastructure, new habitats, green cities/ urban farming, and smart cities. Each category summarises trends that will drive the development of future cities, with each project representing a unique approach to urban development in the 21st century and beyond.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Masterplans and Megacities 022 BiodiverCity Penang BIG + Hijjas + Ramboll 028 Port of Tallinn Zaha Hadid Architects 034 Nanjing Zendai Himalayas Center MAD Architects 036 Shenzhen Cultural District MVRDV 038 Liuzhou Forest City Stefano Boeri Architetti 040 Oberbillwerder ADEPT + Karres en Brands 046 Jigna Eco-Community Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 3. Transportation and Infrastructure 058 New Deal Paris Carlo Ratti Associati 060 Ultra-Fast Charging Station for Electric Cars Cobe + Clever 066 EZ-PRO Renault 072 Lilium Vertiports Lilium 074 Airbus UAM MVRDV + Airbus 076 Uber Sky Tower Pickard Chilton + ARUP 080 Dragonfly PriestmanGoode 082 Virgin Hyperloop Virgin 084 Hardt Hyperloop Hub UNStudio 4. Green Architecture and Urban Farms 090 Self Sufficient City WOHA 094 Pirelli 39 Diller Scofidio + Renfro+ Stefano Boeri Architetti 096 Toronto ORCA Safdie Architects 100 1Hotel Paris Kengo Kuma & Associates 106 Southbank by Beulah UNStudio + Cox Architecture 110 Sunqiao Urban Agricultural District Sasaki 114 The Farmhouse Precht 118 Glasir Framlab 5. Smart Cities 124 BIOTIC Carlo Ratti Associati 128 Woven City Toyota + BIG 134 Smart Forest City Cancun Stefano Boeri Architetti 136 Blockchains City Tom Wiscombe Architecture + EYRC Architects 138 Brainport Smart District UNStudio 142 Konza Technopolis SHoP Architects 146 Milan Innovation District Carlo Ratti Associati 150 Berlin TXL Urban Tech Republic Tegel Projekt GmbH + von Gerkan, Marg and Partners 154 Quayside Sidewalk Labs + Waterfront Toronto 6. New Habitats 160 Oceanix City OCEANIX+ BIG + Studio Other Spaces + UN-Habitat 164 Ocean Spiral SHIMIZU CORPORATION 166 Trenezia Waugh Thistleton Architects 170 Redefining Hong Kong’s Waterfront 10 Design 176 City Sand OXO Architectes 178 Project Olympus ICON + BIG + SEArch+ 180 Moon Village Skidmore, Owings & Merrill + European Space Agency 184 Nüwa ABIBOO Studio + SONet 188 Planet City Liam Young

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe mountains have always fascinated people. When you think of a mountain vacation you immediately think of hiking, skiing, cross-country skiing, climbing, etc., but there are plenty of other disciplines to discover that you can practice while overlooking magnificent mountain scenery! Jurgen Groenwals, editor-in-chief of 100%Snow and 100%Trails, guides you through the rich array of mountain sports, and in the meantime lets you discover the twenty most beautiful - known and less known - mountain villages and valleys in Europe.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAround the world, extreme weather events are becoming increasingly "the new normal" and are expected to increase in the 21st century as a result of climate change. Extreme weather events have devastating impacts on human lives and national economies. This book examines ways to protect people from hazards using early warning systems, and includes contributions from experts from four different continents representing 14 different universities, 8 government agencies and two UN agencies. Chapters detail critical components of early warning systems, ways to identify vulnerable communities, predict hazards and deliver information. Unique satellite images illustrate the transnational impact of disasters, while case studies provide detailed examples of warning systems. With contributors from the fields of economics, ethics, meteorology, geography and biology, this book is essential reading for anyone interested in disaster risk reduction or climate change.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Chapter 1: The Impact of Climate Change on Natural Disasters.- Chapter 2: Challenges in Early Warning of the Persistent and Widespread Winter Fog over the Indo-Gangetic Plains: A Satellite Perspective.- Chapter 3: Assessing human vulnerability to climate change from an evolutionary perspective.- Chapter 4: Early Warning Systems Defined.- Chapter 5: The State of Early Warning Systems.- Chapter 6: Climate Change and Early Warning Systems for Wildland Fire.- Chapter 7: Climate Change Implications and Use of Early Warning Systems for Global Dust Storms.- Chapter 8: Applications of Medium Range Probabilistic Flood Forecast for Societal Benefits - Lessons Learned from Bangladesh.- Chapter 9: Flood forecasting and early warning: an example from the UK Environment Agency.- Chapter 10: The Evolution of Kenya’s Drought Management System.- Chapter 11: Understanding the warning process through the lens of practice: emancipation as a condition of action. Some lessons from France.- Chapter 12: The Effect of Early Flood Warnings on Mitigation and Recovery during the 2010 Pakistan Floods.- Chapter 13: Disasters are gendered: what’s new?.- Chapter 14: The Ethics of Early Warning Systems for Climate Change.- Chapter 15: Decadal Warning Systems.- Chapter 16: The role of scientific modelling and insurance in providing innovative solutions for managing the risk of natural disasters.- Chapter 17: “Follow the spiders”: Ecosystems as Early Warnings.- Chapter 18: Natural hazards and Climate Change in Kenya: Minimizing the impacts on vulnerable communities through Early Warning Systems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMars has been extensively photographed by cameras and compositionally detected by spectrometers onboard orbiters on a global scale, and explored in-situ by landers and rovers at both local and outcrop scales in different locations. The results have proved that the Martian surface is rich in Earth-like geomorphologies, and the study of terrestrial analogs to Mars has been listed as one of the highest priorities of Martian science. With increasing new discoveries by in-situ explorations, Mars exploration has begun to enter the era of focusing on detailed analyses at regional to outcrop levels, rather than global mapping. Analog studies are playing a crucial role in this transition, making this book, which introduces the methodology and provides cases for readers, essentially important.Dozens of sites on Earth have been listed as analog targets for comparative study with the geomorphology, geology, geochemistry, environment and habitability of Mars. However, due to the diversity of landforms and forming mechanisms, and the long history of Mars, no single analog site on Earth can be fully compared to Mars. Nonetheless, the Qaidam Basin has been listed as an unique Mars analog site for studying the red planet's geomorphology, geology, and environmental changes, particularly regarding the evolution of paleolakes on Mars. This kind of setting has always been listed as a top priority for the search of life on Mars.This book contains first-hand information and on-site images obtained by the work's contributing authors, and is an essential read for anyone interested in Martian geomorphology and its evolution processes and history.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive coverage of fundamentals, latest technologies and industrial applications of Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) in process industries. Simple and effective WHR techniques are illustrated with industrial examples, to help readers to identify, calculate and develop heat recovery potential in their processes. Key benefits of WHR projects, which are useful for developing successful WHR business cases, are demonstrated. Special emphasis is given towards major technical risks and mitigation plans, for implementing sound WHR projects. Techniques for reaping benefits of WHR projects for longer periods are also outlined. Applying these techniques with an understanding of the principles explained in this book, and taking cues from the examples and suggestions, the reader will be able to realise sustained benefits in their process.Solution manual is provided for free to instructors who adopt this textbook. Please send your request to sales@wspc.com.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book describes the concept, characteristics, methodology, design, management, business, recent advances and future technologies of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFAL) and indoor vertical farms. The third wave of PFAL business started in around 2010 in Japan and Taiwan, and in USA and Europe it began in about 2013 after the rapid advances in LED technology. The book discusses the basic and advanced developments in recent PFALs and future smart PFALs that emerged in 2016. There is an emerging interest around the globe in smart PFAL R&D and business, which are expected to play an important role in urban agriculture in the coming decades. It is also expected that they will contribute to solving the trilemma of food, environment and natural resources with increasing urban populations and decreasing agricultural populations and arable land area. Current obstacles to successful PFAL R&D and business are: 1) no well-accepted concepts and methodology for PFAL design and management, 2) lack of understanding of the environmental effects on plant growth and development and hydroponics among engineers; 3) lack of understanding of the technical and engineering aspects of PFAL among horticulturists; 4) lack of knowledge of the technical challenges and opportunities in future PFAL businesses among business professionals, policy makers, and investors and 5) lack of a suitable textbook on the recent advances in PFAL technologies and business for graduate students and young researchers. This book covers all the aspects of successful smart PFAL R & D and business. Table of ContentsPart１ Characteristics of current plant factories and next generation plant factory1. Current Status of Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) and Smart PFALs (Toyoki Kozai)2. Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs): Benefits, Problems and Challenges (Toyoki Kozai)3. Protocols, issues and potential improvements of current cultivation systems (Na Lu and Shigeharu Shimamura) 4. Design and Control of smart PFAL (Yoshihiro Nakabo) 5. Designing a Cultivation System Module (CSM) Considering the Cost Performance – A Step Towards Smart PFALs - (Toyoki Kozai) Part 2 Recent Outcomes in Development and Business6. Business planning on Efficiency, Productivity, and Profitability (Kaz Uraisami)7. Renewable energy makes plant factory “smart” (Kaz Uraisami)8. Total indoor farming concepts for large scale production (Marc Kreuger, Lianne Meeuws, Gertjan Meeuws)9. SaibaiX: Production process management system (Shunsuke Sakaguchi)10. Air distribution and its uniformity (Ying Zhang and Murat Kacira) Part 3 Re-considerations of photosynthesis, LEDs, units and terminology11. Reconsidering the Fundamental Characteristics of Photosynthesis and LEDs (Toyoki Kozai and Masayuki Nozue)12. Reconsidering the terminology and units for light and nutrient solution (Toyoki Kozai , Satoru Tsukagoshi and Shunsuke Sakaguchi) Part 4 Advances in Research on LED lighting 13. Usefulness of broadband-spectrum white LEDs to envision future plant factory (Hatsumi Nozue and Masao Gomi)14. LED lighting technique to control plant growth and morphology　(Tomohiro Jishi)15. The quality and quality shifting of the night interruption light affect the morphogenesis and flowering in floricultural plants (Byoung Ryong Jeong, Yoo Gyeong Park) Part 5 Advanced technologies to be implemented in the smart plant factory16. Mechanization of Agriculture considering Its Business model (Tamio Tanikawa)17. Quantifying the environmental and energy benefits of food growth in urban environment (Rebecca Ward, Melanie Jans-Singh and Ruchi Choudhary)18. Applications for breeding and high-wire tomato production in plant factory (Marc Kreuger, Lianne Meeuws and Gertjan Meeuws)19. Molecular breeding for plant factory – Strategies and Technology (Richalynn Leong and Daisuke Urano)20. Production of value-added plants (Shoko Hikosaka)21. Chemical inquiry into herbal medicines and food additives (Natsuko Kagawa)22. Detection and utilization of biological rhythms in plant factories (Hirokazu Fukuda, Yusuke Tanigaki, Shogo Moriyuki)23. Automated characterization of plant growth and flowering dynamics using RGB images (Wei Guo)24. Towards Nutrient Solution Composition Control in Hydroponic System (Toyoki Kozai, Satoru Tsukagoshi and Syunsuke Sakaguchi)25. Phenotyping- and AI-based environmental control and breeding for PFAL (Eri Hayashi and Toyoki Kozai)26. Plant cohort research and its application (Toyoki Kozai, Na Lu, Rikuo Hasegawa, Osamu Nunomura, Tomomi Nozaki, Yumiko Amagai and Eri Hayashi)27. Concluding remarks (Toyoki Kozai)

Read more less