Earth Sciences, Geography & Environment Books
Taylor & Francis The Little Ice Age
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£616.81
Taylor & Francis Ltd Environmental Management and Governance Intergovernmental Approaches to Hazards and Sustainability
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£142.79
Taylor & Francis Environmental Transitions
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£72.70
Taylor & Francis Ltd Bodies Exploring Fluid Boundaries Critical Geographies
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£215.09
Taylor & Francis Ltd Planning for a Sustainable Future
Book SynopsisSustainable Development is now firmly on the planning agenda and is an issue neither practitioner nor academic can afford to ignore. Planning for a Sustainable Future provides a multi-disciplinary overview of sustainability issues in the land use context, focusing on principles and their application, the legal, political and policy context and the implication of sustainable development thinking for housing, urban design and property development as well as waste and transport. The book concludes by considering how sustainable and unsustainable impacts alike can be measured and modelled, providing real tools to move beyond rhetoric into practice.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements. Part I: The Principles and Context of Sustainable Development. Part II: Contemporary Debates. Part III: Sustainability in Practice. Concluding Remarks.
£176.17
Taylor & Francis Ltd Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning
Book SynopsisMetropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning explores the relationship between metropolitan decision-making and strategies to co-ordinate spatial policy. This relationship is examined across 20 cities of Europe and the similarities and differences analysed.Cities are having to formulate their urban policies in a very complex and turbulent environment. They are faced with numerous new pressures and problems and these often create contradictory conditions. The book provides a theoretical framework for exploring these issues and links this to a detailed investigation of each city. In the context of globalisation, cities in the last twenty years have experienced new patterns of activity and these usually transcend political boundaries. The management of these changes therefore requires an effort of co-ordination and different cities have found different approaches.However the institutional setting itself has not remained static. The nation states in Europe have haTable of ContentsPart One: General Introduction1. Institutional and spatial coordination in European metropolitan regions2. Metropolitan regions in the face of the European dimensionPart Two: London, Birmingham, Cardiff/Wales, Stockholm3. London: Institutional turbulence but enduring nation-state control4. The Birmingham case5. The experience of Cardiff and Wales6. The Stockholm region: metropolitan governance and spatial policyPart Three: Berlin, Frankfurt, Hannover, Stuttgart, Amsterdam, Rotterdam7. Berlin 8. The Frankfurt Rhine-Main Region9. The Hanover Metropolitan Region10. Governance in the Stuttgart metropolitan region11. Amsterdam and the North Wing of the Randstad12. Rotterdam and the South Wing of the RandstadPart Four: Prague, Vienna, Venice, Milan13. The Prague metropolitan region14. Metropolitan governance and regional planning in Vienna15. Venice16. The region of MilanPart Five: Paris, Bruxelles, Marseilles-Aix, Barcelona, Madrid17. Paris 18. Brussels: a superimposition of social, cultural and spatial layers19. Marseilles-Aix Metropolitan Region (1981-2000)20. The case of Barcelona21. Metropolitan government and development strategies in MadridPart Six: Concluding part: the problem of coordination in fragmented metropolises22. Practices of Metropolitan Governance in Europe: Experiences and Lessons
£176.17
Taylor & Francis Ltd Reason in the City of Difference Questioning
Book SynopsisIn the modernist city rationality ruled and subsumed difference in a logic of identity. In the postmodern city, reason is abandoned for an endless play of difference. Reason in the City of Difference poses an alternative to these extremes by drawing on classical American philosophical pragmatism (and its contemporary developments in feminism and the philosophy of communication) to explore the possibilities of a strengthening and deepening of reason in the contemporary city. This is a transactional rationality based on communication, rather than cognition, involving bodies as much as minds, and non-discursive, as well as discursive competences. It is a rationality that emerges out of difference and from within the city, rather than over and above it.Using pragmatist philosophy and a range of suggestive examples of urban scholarship, this fascinating book offers a new, alternative reading of the city.Table of Contents1. Reason in the City of Difference 2. On the Body 3. On the Street 4. In the Community 5. In the Public Realm 6. At Home and Work in the Urban Economy 7. In City Hall 8. Cosmopolitan Reason and the Global City
£176.17
Taylor & Francis Ltd Russias Protectorates in Central Asia Bukhara and
Book SynopsisThis book examines the Russian conquest of the ancient Central Asian khanates of Bukhara and Khiva in the 1860s and 1870s, and the relationship between Russia and the territories until their extinction as political entities in 1924. It shows how Russia's approach developed from one of non-intervention, with the primary aim of preventing British expansion from India into the region, to one of increasing intervention as trade and Russian settlement grew. It goes on to discuss the role of Bukhara and Khiva in the First World War and the Russian Revolution, and how the region was fundamentally changed following the Bolshevik conquest in 1919-20.The book is a re-issue of a highly regarded classic originally published in 1968 and out of print for some years. The new version includes a new introduction, some corrections of errors, and a survey of new work undertaken since first publication.Table of ContentsIntroduction Part One: The Russian Conquest 1. The Setting 2. The Reduction of Bukhara 3. The Consolidation of Russia's Position in Bukhara 4. The Conquest of Khiva and the Treaties of 1873 Part Two. The Period of Neglect 5. The Stabilisation of Khiva and the Expansion of Bukhara 6. Anglo-Russian Relations and the Pacification of the Turkomans 7. The End of an Era Part Three. The Russian Presence 8. Russo-Bukharan Relations Transformed 9. The Protectorate Completed: Russia and the Bukhara 10. Economic Development 11. Bukhara Between Two Worlds 12. Nonintervention under Attack: Russia and Bukhara 13. Nonintervention Abandoned: Russia and Khiva Part Four. Revolution 14. The Provisional Government and the Protectorates 15. The Bolshevic Revolution and the Independence of the Kanates 16. The Civil War and Second Russian Conquest 17. Bukhara and Khiva as Soviet Satellites Appendices Bibliography Notes Glossary Index
£176.17
Taylor & Francis Ltd East Asia and the Trials of NeoLiberalism
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£165.03
Taylor & Francis Ltd Natural Arsenic in Groundwater Proceedings of the
Book SynopsisArsenic contamination has become a global phenomenon. With the development of advanced technological detection tools, more geographical areas have been identified. The people most affected are those in the poorer socio-economic groups. The research articles in this book have been contributed by scientists working in areas severely affected by these difficulties. The book includes an assessment of environmental health risks and economic impacts, and the technologies available for dealing with the problem. Written in a straightforward style, the book is designed to update knowledge on the dynamics of natural arsenic from the aquifers through groundwater to the food chain. It outlines efficient techniques for arsenic removal and inform administrators, policy makers and company executives, and aims to increase awareness of the problem.Trade Review"...this book, although it is a proceedings volume from a workshop, gives a very useful update of the As problems, especially in Bangladesh and West Bengal, but also in other regions around the globe. Several new interesting case studies are presented and updated and also biogeochemical matters are discussed. Remediation is also discussed. The list of contributors is impressive (more than 100 contributors) which also shows the worldwide interest in this topic.The book is recommended for all those working on As and fulfills a real need on the status of As research now."Olle SelinusGeological Survey of SwedenIn: Applied Geochemistry 21 (2006) 724–725Table of ContentsSection 1: Arsenic occurrence and genesis in sedimentary and hard-rock aquifersSection 2: Environmental health assessment-arsenic in the food chainSection 3: Arsenic biogeochemistry in groundwaterSection 4: Remediation of arsenic-rich groundwatersSection 5: Management of arsenic-rich groundwaters
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Dyke Swarms Time Markers of Crustal Evolution
Book SynopsisDyke swarms are remnants of large igneous provinces, and are pointers of continental break-up events, as well as indicators for ancient continental reconstructions. These global geodynamic aspects are of crucial significance in tectonics, and with recent developments in high-precision age, dating it has become possible to enter these short-lived magmatic events into a global data base. Every five years, scientists have met to consider new results and potential directions relating to the study of igneous dykes. At the Fifth International Dyke Conference, held in Rovaniemi, Finland in August 2005, igneous dykes, with particular attention to mafic dykes and dyke swarms, came under scrutiny. The properties of dykes, from Archean to Miocene, were explored in terms of mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopes, geochronology and paleomagnetics. This is a selection of twelve papers presented in Rovaniemi, together with updates of six papers from the South African meeting in 2001. For those who wish to have a summary of the current international status of igneous dykes, and their significance in interpreting geological and tectonic processes, this book is invaluable.Table of ContentsIDC5 papers Short-lived mantle generated magmatic events and their dyke swarms: The key unlocking Earth's palaeogeographic record back to 2.6 GaW. Bleeker & R. Ernst Giant dyke swarms and the reconstruction of the Canadian Arctic islands, Greenland, Svalbard and Franz Josef LandK.L. Buchan & R. Ernst AMS criteria for determining the azimuth and dip of a subduction zone from a mafic dyke swarmJ.-P. Lefort, T. Aïfa & F. Hervé Palaeo- and Mesoproterozoic dyke swarms in the Lake Ladoga area, NW Russia – palaeomagnetic studies S. Mertanen, O. Eklund, A. Shebanov, D. Frank-Kamenetsky & T. Vasilieva U-Pb baddeleyite ages of Meso- and Neoproterozoic dykes and sills in central Fennoscandia: A reviewU. Söderlund The Kopparnäs dyke swarm in Inkoo, southern Finland: New evidence for Jotnian magmatism in the SE Fennoscandian ShieldA.V. Luttinen & P.J. Kosunen 1.80–1.75 Ga mafic dyke swarms in the central North China craton: Implications for a plume-related break-up eventP. Peng, M.-G. Zhai & J.-H. Guo Mesoproterozoic mantle heterogeneity in the SW Amazonian Craton: 40Ar/39Ar and Nd-Sr isotopic evidence from mafic-felsic rocksW. Teixeira, J.S. Bettencourt, V.A.V. Girardi, A. Onoe, K. Sato & G.J. Rizzotto Mesozoic alkali basalts and felsic rocks in eastern Victoria, AustraliaA. Soesoo Precambrian mafic dyke swarms from the central Indian Bastar craton: Temporal evolution of the subcontinental mantleR.K. Srivastava Development of dyke and sheet swarms controlled by magma supply rate - an example from the Miocene Otoge igneous complex, central Japan N. Geshi Diabase intrusives of the Schmidt Hills, Pensacola Mountians, East Antarctica: Their petrology, petrogenesis and frequency distribution of plagioclase twin lawsW.W. Boyd IDC4 papers Sills of the Theron Mountains, Antarctica: Evidence for long distance transport of mafic magmas during Gondwana break-upP.T. Leat, A.V. Luttinen, B.C. Storey & I.L. Millar Geochemical correlations between Jurassic gabbros and basaltic rocks in Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land, AntarcticaA.V. Luttinen & S.K. Vuori The Geology of a Mafic Dyke at Roerkulten, Sverdrupfjella, western Dronning Maud Land, AntarcticaG.H. Grantham, R.A. Armstrong & A.B. Moyes Structural and AMS study of a Miocene dyke swarm located above the Patagonian subduction J.-P. Lefort, T. Aïfa & F. Hervé Palaeomagnetism of Palaeoproterozoic dolerite dykes in central Finland S. Mertanen, P. Hölttä, L.J. Pesonen & J. Paavola Spatial distribution and emplacement features of Permo-Carboniferous dykes at the southwestern margin of the Fennoscandian ShieldK. Obst & G. Katzung
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd The Green Braid
Book SynopsisThis volume presents the discipline's best thinking on sustainability in written, drawn, and built form, drawing on over fifteen years of peer-reviewed essays and national design awards published by the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA).Providing a primer on sustainability, useful to teachers and students alike, the selected essays address a broad range of issues. Combined with design projects that highlight issues holistically, they promote an understanding of the principles of sustainability and further the integration of sustainable methods into architectural projects.Using essays that alternately revise and clarify twentieth century architectural thinking, The Green Braid places sustainability at the centre of excellent architectural design. No other volume addresses sustainability within the context of architectural history, theory, pedagogy and design, making this book an ideal source for architects in framing their practices,Trade Review'With a broad definition of sustainability in mind, the book delves into how architectural designs can be situated at the crossroads of ecology, economy and equity ... The book is rich with examples and case studies that are informative and intriguing.' – CitiesTable of ContentsPart 1: The Green Braid: Networked Ways of Knowing 1. The Green Braid: Networked Ways of Knowing 2. Architecture, Ecology Design and Human Ecology 3. A New Social Contract: Equity and Sustainable Development 4. Economic Sustainability in the Post-Industrial Landscape 5. Models, Lists and the Evolution of Sustainable Architecture Part 2: Meta-Discourses in Pedagogy and Practice 6. Introduction 7. Cyborg Theories and Situated Knowledges: Some Speculations on a Cultural Approach to Technology 8. We Are No[w here]: A Social Critique of Contemporary Theory 9. The Hidden Influence of Historical Scholarship on Design 10. Culture and the Recalibration of First Ring Suburbs 11. Portable Construction Training Center 12. One Week, Eight Hours Part 3: Phenomena and Technology 13. Introduction 14. From l’Air Exact to l’Aérateur: Ventilation and its Evolution in the Architectural Work of Le Corbusier 15. Unhealthy Energy Conservation Practices 16. Good-Bye Willis Carrier 17. The Compass House 18. Scupper Houses or the Dogtrot House and the Shotgun House Reconsidered 19. An Affordable, Sustainable House 20. Phenomenal Surface: Fog House Part 4: Building Practices 21. Introduction 22. Poetic Engineering and Invention: Arthur Troutner, Architect, and the Development of Engineered Lumber 23. Terunobu Fujimori: Working with Japan’s Small Production Facilities 24. Making Smartwrap: From Parts to Pixels 25. Quilting with Glass, Cedar and Fir: A Workshop and Studio in Rossland, BC and Navy Demonstration Project 26. Modernism Redux: a Study in Light, Surface, and Volume 27. Solar Sails: An Installation Part 5: Settlement Patterns 28. Introduction 29. Economy=Ecology: A Scenario for Chicago’s Lake Calumet 30. Sarajevo: Ecological Reconstruction after the ‘Urbicide’ 31. The Suburban Critique at Mid-Century: A Case Study 32. I-10 The Gulf Coast States/Mall Housing 33. Community Redevelopment for a Small Town in Florida and Drifting Urbanism 34. The Role of Infrastructure in the Production of Public Spaces for the City of Miami Part 6: The Shared Realm 35. Introduction 36. Architectural Intervention and the Post-Colonial Era: The Tjibaou Cultural Center in New Caledonia by the Renzo Piano Building Workshop 37. History, Tradition, and Modernity: Urbanism and Cultural Change in Chanderi, India 38. Global Constructions, Or Why Guadalajara wants a Home Depot while Los Angeles Wants Construction Workers 39. A Raptor Enclosure for the Zuni Pueblo 40. Garden of Time; Landscape of Change: Women Suffrage Memorial St. Paul, Minnesota 41. Unmasking Urban Traces
£215.09
Taylor & Francis The Political Economy of Rural Poverty The Case for Land Reform
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£62.69
Taylor & Francis Ltd The NonWestern World
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£64.91
£107.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Australian Metropolis
Book SynopsisThe Australian Metropolis splendidly fills a huge gap in the literature on Australian cities. It is the definitive account of the history of Australian cities and the crucial role which planning has played in their genesis and growth. Spanning two centuries from the very beginning until the present day, it will instantly become a standard work ' Professor Sir Peter Hall, author of Cities in Civilisation..The Australian Metropolis provides a single-volume introduction to the development of urban planning. It fills the need for a convenient, initial resource for anyone interested in the broad evolutionary sweep of modern planning. By setting the evolution of Australian planning within its broader societal context, The Australian Metropolis presents a balanced appraisal of the positive, negative and ambivalent legacies resulting from attempts to plan Australia's major cities. This book is the winner of two Royal Australian Planning Institute Awards for PlTrade Review'This book fills a glaring gap in the literature of planning history...a set of outstanding essays from experts in their fields, which cover the entire gamut of Australian planning from Botany Bay to the millennium. This admirable book is an unvarnished and dispassionate record of a very special and important planning tradition.' - Sir Peter Hall, Built Environment'The collection of essays effectively combines both planning theory and practice ... The range of academic disciplines from which the contributors come from adds an extra freshness to the work, and makes it relevant to contemporary urban planners and sociologists, as well as urban historians.' - Urban History'Deserves to be read by a wide audience of students, town planners and public policy practitioners ... The book is highly readable and so should find a wide non-specialist audience with an interest in the history of Australian cities and towns.' - Urban Studies'This is a wonderful addition to the history of urban planning in Australia. A very readable text and one I would not hesitate to recommend to any undergraduate student wanting to get an understanding of the development of the Australian Metropolis.' - Ed Wensing, Australian Journal of Environmental Management'The Australian Metropolis has much to commend it, both as a text book and as a general reference. It is well written and edited, the authors make good and appropriate use of figures, and the material and arguments are presented in a accessible fashion.' - Urban Policy and RearchThere is probably no better book to give a succint and clear background to the forces that have shaped Australia's major cities over the past 200 years. - APA Journal, Summer 2002Table of ContentsFigures. Tables. Contributors. Introduction. 1: Founding Cities in Nineteenth-Century Australia. 2: From City Improvement to the City Beautiful. 3: Towards Metropolitan Organisation: Town Planning and Garden City Idea. 4: From Theory to Practice: The Inter-War Years. 5: A New Paradigm: Planning and Reconstruction in the 1940s. 6: The Post-War City. 7: The Corridor City: Planning for Growth in the 1960s 8: Administrative Coordination, Urban Management and Strategic Planning in the 1970s. 9: The Revival of Metropolitan Planning. 10: The Late 1990s: Competitive Versus Sustainable Cities. Notes. Index.
£153.91
Random House USA Inc The Cay
Book SynopsisFor fans of Hatchet and Island of the Blue Dolphins comes Theodore Taylor’s classic bestseller and Lewis Carroll Shelf Award winner, The Cay. Phillip is excited when the Germans invade the small island of Curaçao. War has always been a game to him, and he’s eager to glimpse it firsthand–until the freighter he and his mother are traveling to the United States on is torpedoed. When Phillip comes to, he is on a small raft in the middle of the sea. Besides Stew Cat, his only companion is an old West Indian, Timothy. Phillip remembers his mother’s warning about black people: “They are different, and they live differently.” But by the time the castaways arrive on a small island, Phillip’s head injury has made him blind and dependent on Timothy.“Mr. Taylor has provided an exciting story…The idea that all humanity would benefit from this spec
£7.59
Springer The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
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£448.68
Springer Gold History and Genesis of Deposits
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£237.49
Springer The Encyclopedia of Field and General Geology
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£498.11
Springer The Encyclopedia of Applied Geology
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£280.07
Springer Oceanic Basalts
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£123.49
Springer Acid Rain The Relationship Between Sources and Receptors
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£197.99
Springer Global Climate Change The Economic Costs of Mitigation and Adaptation
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£98.99
Little, Brown & Company Harvest For Hope A Guide to Mindful Eating
Book SynopsisNow in paperback, Jane Goodall's eye-opening book that draws on a lifetime of work as one of the world's most renowned scientists, conservationists, and animal rights activists and explores her deepest beliefs about the global meaning of food and what all
£999.99
Penguin Publishing Group The Grizzly Maze Timothy Treadwells Fatal Obsession with Alaskan Bears
Book SynopsisWith a new introduction on Werner Herzog’s film entitled The Grizzly ManTimothy Treadwell, self-styled “bear whisperer” dared to live among the grizzlies, seeking to overturn the perception of them as dangerously aggressive animals. When he and his girlfriend were mauled, it created a media sensation.In The Grizzly Maze, Nick Jans, a seasoned outdoor writer with a quarter century of experience writing about Alaska and bears, traces Treadwell’s rise from unknown waiter in California to celebrity, providing a moving portrait of the man whose controversial ideas and behavior earned him the scorn of hunters, the adoration of animal lovers and the skepticism of naturalists. “Intensely imagistic, artfully controlled prose . . . behind the building tension of Treadwell’s path to oblivion, a stunning landscape looms.”—Newsday
£19.10
The Perseus Books Group When Smoke Ran Like Water Tales Of Environmental
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Basic Books Fatal Journey
Book SynopsisIn 1610, the English mariner Henry Hudson set off on a journey to find the Northwest Passage, the water route that Europeans hoped would speed the time of travel to East Asia. But Hudson's search for the Northwest Passage did not go well. This book tells the full story of Hudson and the other 23 men who set sail from London in April 1610.Trade ReviewBooklist "Mancall's account of the doomed voyage is exciting, tense, and tragic... This is an excellent re-examination of [Hudson] and his final, sad effort." Minneapolis Star Tribune "[Mancall's] facility with primary sources is astounding. The story of Hudson's last voyage becomes, in his experienced hands, a lucid, fascinating lens into early Atlantic explorations. The book bristles with action, details about ship life, insight into British laws (the mutineers were found not guilty), and jaw-dropping accounts of encounters with Americans." Seattle Times "This is a story that stretches the imagination and leaves the reader with a shiver." Las Cruces Sun-News "Mancall [is] a master storyteller and historian... Any reader of Dr. Mancall's account will be caught in an exciting adventure and overwhelming tragedy." Washington Times "Mr. Mancall writes with authority in tone and scholarship." New York Post "Rather than speculate, Mancall delivers the story of how Hudson's crusade put him on a collision course with his men... But the story is perhaps most compelling in its descriptions of the Northern territory itself." Washington Post "[Fatal Journey] recounts the puzzling episode of a captain overthrown by an enraged faction of his own crew... [A] short and dependable guide to what befell a great but flawed explorer." Newark Star-Ledger "For fans of Mutiny on the Bounty and The Caine Mutiny, Fatal Journey will only add to the store and lore of desperate actions on the high seas... [Mancall] combines forensic history with pulsing narrative to achieve a highly credible account of how the mission unraveled." Boston Globe "Bracingly told." Boston Globe "Fatal Journey is a rich, exhilarating narrative of exploration, desperation, and ice-bound tragedy." History Magazine "Mancall places Hudson and the mutiny in the context of their age, a time when economic and cultural forces lured explorers and sailors into the dangers of a new world in search of profit and fame." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research "Mancall, in this fascinating account based on a great deal of research, provides a reasonable explanation of Hudson's likely fate, after probably surviving for a polar winter or two... I recommended this excellent book to both armchair explorers and serious students of the history of the Arctic."
£22.64
The Perseus Books Group Life of SuperEarths How the Hunt for Alien Worlds
Book Synopsis
£28.47
Basic Books The Flooded Earth
Book SynopsisNo matter what efforts we make to halt global warming, sea level rise will be an unavoidable part of our future. In The Flooded Earth , species extinction expert Peter D. Ward describes in intricate detail what our world will look like in 2050, 2100, 2300, and beyond. Even if we stopped all carbon dioxide emissions today, according to Ward, the seas will rise three feet by 2050 and nine feet by 2100. The effects of one meter of sea-level rise will be massive three meters will be catastrophic. Incursions of salt into the water table will destroy most of our best agricultural land, and corrosion will devour the electrical and fiber-optic systems of coastal cities, as well as our roads and bridges. Amsterdam, Miami, Venice and other cities might have to be abandoned. As icebound regions melt, meanwhile, new sources of oil, gas, minerals, and arable land will be revealed,and geopolitical battles will erupt over who owns the rights to them. Laying out a blueprint for a foreseeable future,
£20.42
John Wiley & Sons Inc Wetland Ecosystems
Book SynopsisResponding to the growing importance of, and interest in, wetland ecosystems, here is a complete introduction to wetland ecosystem types and modeling. Drawn from Bill Mitsch's encyclopedic Wetlands , this text provides a basic introduction to ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, and systems ecology and modeling.Table of ContentsPreface v 1 Introduction 1 Wetland Ecosystems 2 Wetland Ecosystems Services 13 Role of This Book 17 2 Coastal Wetlands 19 Tidal Salt Marshes 22 Tidal Freshwater Wetlands 45 Mangrove Wetlands 61 3 Freshwater Swamps and Marshes 87 Freshwater Swamps 90 Freshwater Marshes 118 4 Peatlands 149 Geographical Extent 151 Hydrology and Peatland Development 153 Biogeochemistry 163 Vegetation 166 Consumers 174 Ecosystem Function 175 5 Ecosystem Approaches to Wetland Science 189 Mesocosms 190 Whole-Ecosystem Experimental Wetlands 204 Mathematical Models 217 Conclusions 234 Appendix A Odum Energy Language Symbols 237 References 239 General Index 279 Organism Index 285
£999.99
Wiley-Blackwell Acid Mine Drainage Rock Drainage and Acid Sulfate Soils
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£116.06
Wiley-Blackwell Forecast Verification A Practioners Guide inAtmospheric Science 2e
Book SynopsisForecast Verification: A Practioner''s Guide in Atmospheric Science, 2nd Edition provides an indispensible guide to this area of active research by combining depth of information with a range of topics to appeal both to professional practitioners and researchers and postgraduates. The editors have succeeded in presenting chapters by a variety of the leading experts in the field while still retaining a cohesive and highly accessible style. The book balances explanations of concepts with clear and useful discussion of the main application areas. Reviews of first edition: This book will provide a good reference, and I recommend it especially for developers and evaluators of statistical forecast systems. (Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society; April 2004) ...a good mixture of theory and practical applications...well organized and clearly written... (Royal Statistical Society, Vol.168, No.1, January 2005) NEW to the second edition:Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xiii Preface to the First Edition xv 1 Introduction 1Ian T. Jolliffe and David B. Stephenson 1.1 A brief history and current practice 1 1.1.1 History 1 1.1.2 Current practice 2 1.2 Reasons for forecast verification and its benefits 3 1.3 Types of forecast and verification data 4 1.4 Scores, skill and value 5 1.4.1 Skill scores 6 1.4.2 Artificial skill 6 1.4.3 Statistical significance 7 1.4.4 Value added 8 1.5 Data quality and other practical considerations 8 1.6 Summary 9 2 Basic concepts 11Jacqueline M. Potts 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Types of predictand 11 2.3 Exploratory methods 12 2.4 Numerical descriptive measures 15 2.5 Probability, random variables and expectations 20 2.6 Joint, marginal and conditional distributions 20 2.7 Accuracy, association and skill 22 2.8 Properties of verification measures 22 2.9 Verification as a regression problem 23 2.10 The Murphy–Winkler framework 25 2.11 Dimensionality of the verification problem 28 3 Deterministic forecasts of binary events 31Robin J. Hogan and Ian B. Mason 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Theoretical considerations 33 3.2.1 Some basic descriptive statistics 33 3.2.2 A general framework for verification: the distributions-oriented approach 34 3.2.3 Performance measures in terms of factorizations of the joint distribution 37 3.2.4 Diagrams for visualizing performance measures 38 3.2.5 Case study: verification of cloud-fraction forecasts 41 3.3 Signal detection theory and the ROC 42 3.3.1 The signal detection model 43 3.3.2 The relative operating characteristic (ROC) 44 3.4 Metaverification: criteria for assessing performance measures 45 3.4.1 Desirable properties 45 3.4.2 Other properties 49 3.5 Performance measures 50 3.5.1 Overview of performance measures 51 3.5.2 Sampling uncertainty and confidence intervals for performance measures 55 3.5.3 Optimal threshold probabilities 57 Acknowledgements 59 4 Deterministic forecasts of multi-category events 61Robert E. Livezey 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 The contingency table: notation, definitions, and measures of accuracy 62 4.2.1 Notation and definitions 62 4.2.2 Measures of accuracy 64 4.3 Skill scores 64 4.3.1 Desirable attributes 65 4.3.2 Gandin and Murphy equitable scores 66 4.3.3 Gerrity equitable scores 69 4.3.4 LEPSCAT 71 4.3.5 SEEPS 72 4.3.6 Summary remarks on scores 73 4.4 Sampling variability of the contingency table and skill scores 73 5 Deterministic forecasts of continuous variables 77Michel Déqué 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 Forecast examples 77 5.3 First-order moments 79 5.3.1 Bias 79 5.3.2 Mean Absolute Error 80 5.3.3 Bias correction and artificial skill 81 5.3.4 Mean absolute error and skill 81 5.4 Second- and higher-order moments 82 5.4.1 Mean Squared Error 82 5.4.2 MSE skill score 82 5.4.3 MSE of scaled forecasts 83 5.4.4 Correlation 84 5.4.5 An example: testing the ‘limit of predictability’ 86 5.4.6 Rank correlations 87 5.4.7 Comparison of moments of the marginal distributions 88 5.4.8 Graphical summaries 90 5.5 Scores based on cumulative frequency 91 5.5.1 Linear Error in Probability Space (LEPS) 91 5.5.2 Quantile-quantile plots 92 5.5.3 Conditional quantile plots 92 5.6 Summary and concluding remarks 94 6 Forecasts of spatial fields 95Barbara G. Brown, Eric Gilleland and Elizabeth E. Ebert 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Matching methods 96 6.3 Traditional verification methods 97 6.3.1 Standard continuous and categorical approaches 97 6.3.2 S1 and anomaly correlation 98 6.3.3 Distributional methods 99 6.4 Motivation for alternative approaches 100 6.5 Neighbourhood methods 103 6.5.1 Comparing neighbourhoods of forecasts and observations 104 6.5.2 Comparing spatial forecasts with point observations 104 6.6 Scale separation methods 105 6.7 Feature-based methods 108 6.7.1 Feature-matching techniques 108 6.7.2 Structure-Amplitude-Location (SAL) technique 110 6.8 Field deformation methods 111 6.8.1 Location metrics 111 6.8.2 Field deformation 112 6.9 Comparison of approaches 113 6.10 New approaches and applications: the future 114 6.11 Summary 116 7 Probability forecasts 119Jochen Broecker 7.1 Introduction 119 7.2 Probability theory 120 7.2.1 Basic concepts from probability theory 120 7.2.2 Probability forecasts, reliability and sufficiency 121 7.3 Probabilistic scoring rules 122 7.3.1 Definition and properties of scoring rules 122 7.3.2 Commonly used scoring rules 124 7.3.3 Decomposition of scoring rules 125 7.4 The relative operating characteristic (ROC) 126 7.5 Evaluation of probabilistic forecasting systems from data 128 7.5.1 Three examples 128 7.5.2 The empirical ROC 130 7.5.3 The empirical score as a measure of performance 130 7.5.4 Decomposition of the empirical score 131 7.5.5 Binning forecasts and the leave-one-out error 132 7.6 Testing reliability 134 7.6.1 Reliability analysis for forecast A: the reliability diagram 134 7.6.2 Reliability analysis for forecast B: the chi-squared test 136 7.6.3 Reliability analysis for forecast C: the PIT 138 Acknowledgements 139 8 Ensemble forecasts 141Andreas P. Weigel 8.1 Introduction 141 8.2 Example data 142 8.3 Ensembles interpreted as discrete samples 143 8.3.1 Reliability of ensemble forecasts 144 8.3.2 Multidimensional reliability 152 8.3.3 Discrimination 157 8.4 Ensembles interpreted as probabilistic forecasts 159 8.4.1 Probabilistic interpretation of ensembles 159 8.4.2 Probabilistic skill metrics applied to ensembles 160 8.4.3 Effect of ensemble size on skill 163 8.5 Summary 166 9 Economic value and skill 167David S. Richardson 9.1 Introduction 167 9.2 The cost/loss ratio decision model 168 9.2.1 Value of a deterministic binary forecast system 169 9.2.2 Probability forecasts 172 9.2.3 Comparison of deterministic and probabilistic binary forecasts 174 9.3 The relationship between value and the ROC 175 9.4 Overall value and the Brier Skill Score 178 9.5 Skill, value and ensemble size 180 9.6 Applications: value and forecast users 182 9.7 Summary 183 10 Deterministic forecasts of extreme events and warnings 185Christopher A.T. Ferro and David B. Stephenson 10.1 Introduction 185 10.2 Forecasts of extreme events 186 10.2.1 Challenges 186 10.2.2 Previous studies 187 10.2.3 Verification measures for extreme events 189 10.2.4 Modelling performance for extreme events 191 10.2.5 Extreme events: summary 194 10.3 Warnings 195 10.3.1 Background 195 10.3.2 Format of warnings and observations for verification 196 10.3.3 Verification of warnings 197 10.3.4 Warnings: summary 200 Acknowledgements 201 11 Seasonal and longer-range forecasts 203Simon J. Mason 11.1 Introduction 203 11.2 Forecast formats 204 11.2.1 Deterministic and probabilistic formats 204 11.2.2 Defining the predictand 206 11.2.3 Inclusion of climatological forecasts 206 11.3 Measuring attributes of forecast quality 207 11.3.1 Skill 207 11.3.2 Other attributes 215 11.3.3 Statistical significance and uncertainty estimates 216 11.4 Measuring the quality of individual forecasts 217 11.5 Decadal and longer-range forecast verification 218 11.6 Summary 220 12 Epilogue: new directions in forecast verification 221Ian T. Jolliffe and David B. Stephenson 12.1 Introduction 221 12.2 Review of key concepts 221 12.3 Forecast evaluation in other disciplines 223 12.3.1 Statistics 223 12.3.2 Finance and economics 225 12.3.3 Medical and clinical studies 226 12.4 Current research and future directions 228 Acknowledgements 230 Appendix: Verification Software 231Matthew Pocernich A.1 What is good software? 231 A.1.1 Correctness 232 A.1.2 Documentation 232 A.1.3 Open source/closed source/commercial 232 A.1.4 Large user base 232 A.2 Types of verification users 232 A.2.1 Students 233 A.2.2 Researchers 233 A.2.3 Operational forecasters 233 A.2.4 Institutional use 233 A.3 Types of software and programming languages 233 A.3.1 Spreadsheets 235 A.3.2 Statistical programming languages 235 A.4 Institutional supported software 238 A.4.1 Model Evaluation Tool (MET) 238 A.4.2 Ensemble Verification System (EVS) 239 A.4.3 EUMETCAL Forecast Verification Training Module 239 A.5 Displays of verification information 239 A.5.1 National Weather Service Performance Management 240 A.5.2 Forecast Evaluation Tool 240 Glossary 241 References 251 Index 267
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John Wiley & Sons Inc Energy and Climate Change
Book SynopsisFor more information on this title, including student exercises, please visit, http://www.people.ex.ac.uk/DAColey/ Energy and Climate Change: Creating a Sustainable Future provides an up-to-date introduction to the subject examining the relationship between energy and our global environment. The book covers the fundamentals of the subject, discussing what energy is, why it is important, as well as the detrimental effect on the environment following our use of energy. Energy is placed at the front of a discussion of geo-systems, living systems, technological development and the global environment, enabling the reader to develop a deeper understanding of magnitudes. Learning is re-enforced, and the relevance of the topic broadened, through the use of several conceptual veins running through the book. One of these is an attempt to demonstrate how systems are related to each other through energy and energy flows. Examples being wind-power, and bio-mass which are reaTrade Review"At its modest price it must represent the bargain of the year." (Chromatographia, July 2010) "As a text book for GCSE level students, this title is worthy of 4 stars." (Enagri eMagazine, May 2010)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. Part I: Energy: concepts, history and problems. 2. Energy. What is energy? Units. Power. Energy in various disguises. Energy quality and exergy. Student exercises. 3. The planet’s energy balance. The sun. The earth. Comparisons. Student exercises. 4. A history of humankind’s use of energy. Energy and society. Wealth, urbanization and conflict. Our current level of energy use. Student exercises. 5. Sustainability, climate change and the global environment. Sustainability. Climate change. Other concerns. Debating climate change and answering the sceptics. Student exercises. 6. Economics and the environment. Key concepts. Environmental economics. Student exercises. 7. Combustion, inescapable inefficiencies and the generation of electricity. Combustion. Calorific values. Inescapable inefficiencies. Heat pumps. Double Carnot efficiencies. The generation of electricity from heat. Student exercises. Part II – Unsustainable energy technologies. 8. Coal. History. Extraction. The combustion of coal. Technologies for use. Example applications. Global resource. Student exercises. 9. Oil. Extraction. The combustion of oil. Technologies for use. Example application: the motor car. Global resource. Student exercises. 10. Gas. Extraction. The combustion of gas. Technologies for use. Example application: the domestic boiler. Global resource. Student exercises. 11. Non-conventional hydrocarbons. Oil shale. Tar sands. Methane hydrate. Student exercises. 12. Nuclear power. Physical basis. Technologies for use. Environmental concerns. Waste. World resource. Example applications. Is nuclear power the solution to global warming? Student exercises. 13. Hydropower. History. Technologies for use. Example application: Itaipu hydroelectric station. Environmental impacts. Pumped storage. Global resource. Student exercises. 14. Transport and air quality. Present day problems. Air quality and health. Example application: air quality in Exeter, UK. Student exercises. 15. Figures and philosophy: an analysis of a nation’s energy supply. The economy. Production. Consumption. Oil and gas production. Prices. Fuel poverty. Carbon emissions. Sustainable energy in the UK: the current state of play. Student exercises. Part III – Climate change: predictions and policies. 16. Future world energy use and carbon emissions. The world's future use of energy. Student exercises. 17. The impact of a warmer world. Climate models. Natural variability and model reliability. Future climate change. Impacts. Costing the impact. Student exercises. 18. Politics in the greenhouse: contracting and converging. Climate negotiations. Another approach. Bringing it all together. Conclusion. Student exercises. Part IV – Sustainable energy technologies Current world sustainable energy provision. 19. Energy efficiency. Cogeneration. Reducing energy losses. Energy recovery. Energy efficiency in buildings. Student exercises. 20. Solar power. Passive solar heating. Heat pumps. Solar water heating. Low temperature solar water heating. Example application: solar water heating, Phoenix Federal Correction Institution, USA. High temperature solar power. Low temperature water-based thermal energy conversion. OECD resource. Student exercises. 21. Photovoltaics. History. Basic principles. Technologies for use. Electrical characteristics. Roof-top PV. Example application: Doxford Solar Office, UK. OECD resource. Student exercises. 22. Wind power. History. Technologies for use. The modern horizontal axis wind turbine. Environmental impacts. OECD resource. Example application: Harøy Island Wind Farm, Sandøy, Norway. Student exercises. 23. Wave power. Wave characteristics. Technologies for use. Example application: the Pelamis P-750 wave energy converter. Student exercises. 24. Tidal and small-scale hydropower. Tides. Small-scale hydropower. OECD resource. Student exercises. 25. Biomass. History. Basic principles. Technologies for use. Example application: anaerobic digester, Walford College Farm, UK. Global resource. OECD resource. Student exercises. 26. Geothermal. Background. History. Resource and technology. Technologies for use. Environmental problems. World resource. OECD resource. Example application: Hacchobaru geothermal power station, Kokonoe-machi, Japan. Student exercises. 27. Fast breeders and fusion. Fast breeder reactors. Fusion. Example application: JET Torus, Culham, UK. Student exercises. 28. Alternative transport futures and the hydrogen economy. Improving energy efficiency. Alternative transport fuels and engines. Hydrogen powered vehicles and the hydrogen economy. Fuel cells. Example application: the greening of natural gas. Student exercises. 29. Carbon sequestration and climate engineering. Capture technologies. Storage technologies. The reflection of solar radiation. Example application: Statoil, Sleipner West gas field, North Sea. Student exercises. 30. A sustainable, low carbon future? Methodology and assumptions. Results. Worldwide reductions. Conclusion. What can I do? Student exercises. References. Appendix 1: National energy data. Appendix 2: Answers to in-text problems. Appendix 3: Bibliography and suggested reading. Appendix 4: Useful data. Index.
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