Differential calculus and equations Books

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Book SynopsisProvides developments on fractional differential and fractional integro-differential equations involving many different potentially useful operators of fractional calculus. This book is application oriented and it contains the theory of Fractional Differential Equations. It provides problems and directions for further investigations.Trade Review"This book presents a nice and systematic treatment of the theory and applications of fractional differential equations." --ZENTRALBLATT MATH DATABASE 1931-2007"This book is a valuable resource for any worker in electronic structure theory, both for its insight into the utility of a variety of relativistic methods, and for its assessment of the contribution of relativity to a wide range of experimental properties." --THEOR CHEM ACC (2007)"For obvious reasons, the book is rather technical, but its main goal is the ultimate applications. These are explicitly or implicitly present during the whole text but they are only treated in their mathematical formulation. I.e., the electrotechnical, biological, optical, or whatever exotic context it could have been embedded in is avoided here. The book is thus certainly interesting for the (applied) mathematician, but, also for researchers who are working in one of the quite diverse applied areas where fractional models are more and more used these days." --Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical SocietyTable of Contents1. Preliminaries.2. Fractional Integrals and Fractional Derivatives.3. Ordinary Fractional Differential Equations. Existence and Uniqueness Theorems.4. Methods for Explicitly solving Fractional Differential Equations.5. Integral Transform Methods for Explicit Solutions to Fractional Differential Equations.6. Partial Fractional Differential Equations.7. Sequential Linear Differential Equations of Fractional Order.8. Further Applications of Fractional Models.BibliographySubject Index

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Book SynopsisLinear Quadratic Differential Games is an assessment of the state of the art in its field and modern book on linear-quadratic game theory, one of the most commonly used tools for modelling and analysing strategic decision making problems in economics and management.Table of ContentsPreface. Notation and symbols. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Historical perspective. 1.2 How to use this book. 1.3 Outline of this book. 1.4 Notes and references. 2 Linear algebra. 2.1 Basic concepts in linear algebra. 2.2 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. 2.3 Complex eigenvalues. 2.4 Cayley–Hamilton theorem. 2.5 Invariant subspaces and Jordan canonical form. 2.6 Semi-definite matrices. 2.7 Algebraic Riccati equations. 2.8 Notes and references. 2.9 Exercises. 2.10 Appendix. 3 Dynamical systems. 3.1 Description of linear dynamical systems. 3.2 Existence–uniqueness results for differential equations. 3.2.1 General case. 3.2.2 Control theoretic extensions. 3.3 Stability theory: general case. 3.4 Stability theory of planar systems. 3.5 Geometric concepts. 3.6 Performance specifications. 3.7 Examples of differential games. 3.8 Information, commitment and strategies. 3.9 Notes and references. 3.10 Exercises. 3.11 Appendix. 4 Optimization techniques. 4.1 Optimization of functions. 4.2 The Euler–Lagrange equation. 4.3 Pontryagin’s maximum principle. 4.4 Dynamic programming principle. 4.5 Solving optimal control problems. 4.6 Notes and references. 4.7 Exercises. 4.8 Appendix. 5 Regular linear quadratic optimal control. 5.1 Problem statement. 5.2 Finite-planning horizon. 5.3 Riccati differential equations. 5.4 Infinite-planning horizon. 5.5 Convergence results. 5.6 Notes and references. 5.7 Exercises. 5.8 Appendix. 6 Cooperative games. 6.1 Pareto solutions. 6.2 Bargaining concepts. 6.3 Nash bargaining solution. 6.4 Numerical solution. 6.5 Notes and references. 6.6 Exercises. 6.7 Appendix. 7 Non-cooperative open-loop information games. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Finite-planning horizon. 7.3 Open-loop Nash algebraic Riccati equations. 7.4 Infinite-planning horizon. 7.5 Computational aspects and illustrative examples. 7.6 Convergence results. 7.7 Scalar case. 7.8 Economics examples. 7.8.1 A simple government debt stabilization game. 7.8.2 A game on dynamic duopolistic competition. 7.9 Notes and references. 7.10 Exercises. 7.11 Appendix. 8 Non-cooperative feedback information games. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Finite-planning horizon. 8.3 Infinite-planning horizon. 8.4 Two-player scalar case. 8.5 Computational aspects. 8.5.1 Preliminaries. 8.5.2 A scalar numerical algorithm: the two-player case. 8.5.3 The N-player scalar case. 8.6 Convergence results for the two-player scalar case. 8.7 Notes and references. 8.8 Exercises. 8.9 Appendix. 9 Uncertain non-cooperative feedback information games. 9.1 Stochastic approach. 9.2 Deterministic approach: introduction. 9.3 The one-player case. 9.4 The one-player scalar case. 9.5 The two-player case. 9.6 A fishery management game. 9.7 A scalar numerical algorithm. 9.8 Stochastic interpretation. 9.9 Notes and references. 9.10 Exercises. 9.11 Appendix. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe text material evolved from over 50 years of combined teaching experience it deals with a formulation and application of the finite element method. A meaningful course can be constructed from a subset of the chapters in this book for a quarter course; instructions for such use are given in the preface.Trade Review"Recommended for upper division undergraduates and above." (CHOICE, February 2008)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Applications of Finite elements 7 References 9 2 Direct Approach for Discrete Systems 11 2.1 Describing the Behavior of a Single Bar Element 11 2.2 Equations for a System 15 2.2.1 Equations for Assembly 18 2.2.2 Boundary Conditions and System Solution 20 2.3 Applications to Other Linear Systems 24 2.4 Two-Dimensional Truss Systems 27 2.5 Transformation Law 30 2.6 Three-Dimensional Truss Systems 35 References 36 Problems 37 3 Strong andWeak Forms for One-Dimensional Problems 41 3.1 The Strong Form in One-Dimensional Problems 42 3.1.1 The Strong Form for an Axially Loaded Elastic Bar 42 3.1.2 The Strong Form for Heat Conduction in One Dimension 44 3.1.3 Diffusion in One Dimension 46 3.2 TheWeak Form in One Dimension 47 3.3 Continuity 50 3.4 The Equivalence Between theWeak and Strong Forms 51 3.5 One-Dimensional Stress Analysis with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions 58 3.5.1 Strong Form for One-Dimensional Stress Analysis 58 3.5.2 Weak Form for One-Dimensional Stress Analysis 59 3.6 One-Dimensional Heat Conduction with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions 60 3.6.1 Strong Form for Heat Conduction in One Dimension with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions 60 3.6.2 Weak Form for Heat Conduction in One Dimension with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions 61 3.7 Two-Point Boundary Value Problem with Generalized Boundary Conditions 62 3.7.1 Strong Form for Two-Point Boundary Value Problems with Generalized Boundary Conditions 62 3.7.2 Weak Form for Two-Point Boundary Value Problems with Generalized Boundary Conditions 63 3.8 Advection–Diffusion 64 3.8.1 Strong Form of Advection–Diffusion Equation 65 3.8.2 Weak Form of Advection–Diffusion Equation 66 3.9 Minimum Potential Energy 67 3.10 Integrability 71 References 72 Problems 72 4 Approximation of Trial Solutions,Weight Functions and Gauss Quadrature for One-Dimensional Problems 77 4.1 Two-Node Linear Element 79 4.2 Quadratic One-Dimensional Element 81 4.3 Direct Construction of Shape Functions in One Dimension 82 4.4 Approximation of theWeight Functions 84 4.5 Global Approximation and Continuity 84 4.6 Gauss Quadrature 85 Reference 90 Problems 90 5 Finite Element Formulation for One-Dimensional Problems 93 5.1 Development of Discrete Equation: Simple Case 93 5.2 Element Matrices for Two-Node Element 97 5.3 Application to Heat Conduction and Diffusion Problems 99 5.4 Development of Discrete Equations for Arbitrary Boundary Conditions 105 5.5 Two-Point Boundary Value Problem with Generalized Boundary Conditions 111 5.6 Convergence of the FEM 113 5.6.1 Convergence by Numerical Experiments 115 5.6.2 Convergence by Analysis 118 5.7 FEM for Advection–Diffusion Equation 120 References 122 Problems 123 6 Strong andWeak Forms for Multidimensional Scalar Field Problems 131 6.1 Divergence Theorem and Green’s Formula 133 6.2 Strong Form 139 6.3 Weak Form 142 6.4 The Equivalence BetweenWeak and Strong Forms 144 6.5 Generalization to Three-Dimensional Problems 145 6.6 Strong andWeak Forms of Scalar Steady-State Advection–Diffusion in Two Dimensions 146 References 148 Problems 148 7 Approximations of Trial Solutions,Weight Functions and Gauss Quadrature for Multidimensional Problems 151 7.1 Completeness and Continuity 152 7.2 Three-Node Triangular Element 154 7.2.1 Global Approximation and Continuity 157 7.2.2 Higher Order Triangular Elements 159 7.2.3 Derivatives of Shape Functions for the Three-Node Triangular Element 160 7.3 Four-Node Rectangular Elements 161 7.4 Four-Node Quadrilateral Element 164 7.4.1 Continuity of Isoparametric Elements 166 7.4.2 Derivatives of Isoparametric Shape Functions 166 7.5 Higher Order Quadrilateral Elements 168 7.6 Triangular Coordinates 172 7.6.1 Linear Triangular Element 172 7.6.2 Isoparametric Triangular Elements 174 7.6.3 Cubic Element 175 7.6.4 Triangular Elements by Collapsing Quadrilateral Elements 176 7.7 Completeness of Isoparametric Elements 177 7.8 Gauss Quadrature in Two Dimensions 178 7.8.1 Integration Over Quadrilateral Elements 179 7.8.2 Integration Over Triangular Elements 180 7.9 Three-Dimensional Elements 181 7.9.1 Hexahedral Elements 181 7.9.2 Tetrahedral Elements 183 References 185 Problems 186 8 Finite Element Formulation for Multidimensional Scalar Field Problems 189 8.1 Finite Element Formulation for Two-Dimensional Heat Conduction Problems 189 8.2 Verification and Validation 201 8.3 Advection–Diffusion Equation 207 References 209 Problems 209 9 Finite Element Formulation for Vector Field Problems – Linear Elasticity 215 9.1 Linear Elasticity 215 9.1.1 Kinematics 217 9.1.2 Stress and Traction 219 9.1.3 Equilibrium 220 9.1.4 Constitutive Equation 222 9.2 Strong andWeak Forms 223 9.3 Finite Element Discretization 225 9.4 Three-Node Triangular Element 228 9.4.1 Element Body Force Matrix 229 9.4.2 Boundary Force Matrix 230 9.5 Generalization of Boundary Conditions 231 9.6 Discussion 239 9.7 Linear Elasticity Equations in Three Dimensions 240 Problems 241 10 Finite Element Formulation for Beams 249 10.1 Governing Equations of the Beam 249 10.1.1 Kinematics of Beam 249 10.1.2 Stress–Strain Law 252 10.1.3 Equilibrium 253 10.1.4 Boundary Conditions 254 10.2 Strong Form toWeak Form 255 10.2.1 Weak Form to Strong Form 257 10.3 Finite Element Discretization 258 10.3.1 Trial Solution andWeight Function Approximations 258 10.3.2 Discrete Equations 260 10.4 Theorem of Minimum Potential Energy 261 10.5 Remarks on Shell Elements 265 Reference 269 Problems 269 11 Commercial Finite Element Program ABAQUS Tutorials 275 11.1 Introduction 275 11.1.1 Steady-State Heat Flow Example 275 11.2 Preliminaries 275 11.3 Creating a Part 276 11.4 Creating a Material Definition 278 11.5 Defining and Assigning Section Properties 279 11.6 Assembling the Model 280 11.7 Configuring the Analysis 280 11.8 Applying a Boundary Condition and a Load to the Model 280 11.9 Meshing the Model 282 11.10 Creating and Submitting an Analysis Job 284 11.11 Viewing the Analysis Results 284 11.12 Solving the Problem Using Quadrilaterals 284 11.13 Refining the Mesh 285 11.13.1 Bending of a Short Cantilever Beam 287 11.14 Copying the Model 287 11.15 Modifying the Material Definition 287 11.16 Configuring the Analysis 287 11.17 Applying a Boundary Condition and a Load to the Model 288 11.18 Meshing the Model 289 11.19 Creating and Submitting an Analysis Job 290 11.20 Viewing the Analysis Results 290 11.20.1 Plate with a Hole in Tension 290 11.21 Creating a New Model 292 11.22 Creating a Part 292 11.23 Creating a Material Definition 293 11.24 Defining and Assigning Section Properties 294 11.25 Assembling the Model 295 11.26 Configuring the Analysis 295 11.27 Applying a Boundary Condition and a Load to the Model 295 11.28 Meshing the Model 297 11.29 Creating and Submitting an Analysis Job 298 11.30 Viewing the Analysis Results 299 11.31 Refining the Mesh 299 Appendix 303 A.1 Rotation of Coordinate System in Three Dimensions 303 A.2 Scalar Product Theorem 304 A.3 Taylor’s Formula with Remainder and the Mean Value Theorem 304 A.4 Green’s Theorem 305 A.5 Point Force (Source) 307 A.6 Static Condensation 308 A.7 Solution Methods 309 Direct Solvers 310 Iterative Solvers 310 Conditioning 311 References 312 Problem 312 Index 313

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Book SynopsisDifferential Equations Workbook For Dummies is a course supplement and practice guide for students taking a course that involves the use of differential equations. This book takes readers step-by-step through this intimidating subject and features numerous practice exercises and clear, concise examples to improve problem-solving skills.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: Tackling First Order Differential Equations 5 Chapter 1: Looking Closely at Linear First Order Differential Equations 7 Chapter 2: Surveying Separable First Order Differential Equations 29 Chapter 3: Examining Exact First Order Differential Equations 59 Part II: Finding Solutions to Second and Higher Order Differential Equations 79 Chapter 4: Working with Linear Second Order Differential Equations 81 Chapter 5: Tackling Nonhomogeneous Linear Second Order Differential Equations 105 Chapter 6: Handling Homogeneous Linear Higher Order Differential Equations 129 Chapter 7: Taking On Nonhomogeneous Linear Higher Order Differential Equations 153 Part III: The Power Stuff: Advanced Techniques 175 Chapter 8: Using Power Series to Solve Ordinary Differential Equations 177 Chapter 9: Solving Differential Equations with Series Solutions Near Singular Points 199 Chapter 10: Using Laplace Transforms to Solve Differential Equations 225 Chapter 11: Solving Systems of Linear First Order Differential Equations 249 Part IV: The Part of Tens 273 Chapter 12: Ten Common Ways of Solving Differential Equations 275 Chapter 13: Ten Real-World Applications of Differential Equations 279 Index 283

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the reader to the fundamental principles, definitions, and results of dynamical systems and chaos. Rather than relegating chaos to the last chapter in the book, as is usually the case, this work treats chaos as an integral part of dynamical systems theory.Trade Review"From the preface: 'The purpose of this book is to present the fundamental ideas on discrete dynamical systems and chaos at the level of those undergraduates...who have completed the standard calculus sequence, with the inclusion of functions of several variables and linear algebra.'" (Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2001k)Table of ContentsDiscrete Dynamical Systems. One-Dimensional Dynamical Systems. R¯q, Matrices, and Functions. Discrete Linear Dynamical Systems. Nonlinear Dynamical Systems. Chaotic Behavior. Analysis of Four Dynamical Systems. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisMany ecological phenomena may be modelled using apparently random processes involving space (and possibly time). Such phenomena are classified as spatial in their nature and include all aspects of pollution. This book addresses the problem of modelling spatial effects in ecology and population dynamics using reaction-diffusion models. * Rapidly expanding area of research for biologists and applied mathematicians * Provides a unified and coherent account of methods developed to study spatial ecology via reaction-diffusion models * Provides the reader with the tools needed to construct and interpret models * Offers specific applications of both the models and the methods * Authors have played a dominant role in the field for years Essential reading for graduate students and researchers working with spatial modelling from mathematics, statistics, ecology, geography and biology.Trade Review"…particularly attractive and useful for graduate students and other researchers who are interested in studying applications of reaction-diffusion theory to spatial ecology." (Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2007a) "…I would recommend this book to anyone who wants a well supported journey into the modern theory of partial differential equations and dynamic systems…" (The Mathematical Gazette, March 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. Series Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Introductory Remarks. 1.2 Nonspatial Models for a Single Species. 1.3 Nonspatial Models For Interacting Species. 1.4 Spatial Models: A General Overview. 1.5 Reaction-Diffusion Models. 1.6 Mathematical Background. 2 Linear Growth Models for a Single Species: Averaging Spatial Effects Via Eigenvalues. 2.1 Eigenvalues, Persistence, and Scaling in Simple Models. 2.2 Variational Formulations of Eigenvalues: Accounting for Heterogeneity. 2.3 Effects of Fragmentation and Advection/Taxis in Simple Linear Models. 2.4 Graphical Analysis in One Space Dimension. 2.5 Eigenvalues and Positivity. 2.6 Connections with Other Topics and Models. Appendix. 3 Density Dependent Single-Species Models. 3.1 The Importance of Equilibria in Single Species Models. 3.2 Equilibria and Stability: Sub- and Supersolutions. 3.3 Equilibria and Scaling: One Space Dimension. 3.4 Continuation and Bifurcation of Equilibria. 3.5 Applications and Properties of Single Species Models. 3.6 More General Single Species Models. Appendix. 4 Permanence. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Definition of Permanence. 4.3 Techniques for Establishing Permanence. 4.4 Invasibility Implies Coexistence. 4.5 Permanence in Reaction-Diffusion Models for Predation. 4.6 Ecological Permanence and Equilibria. Appendix. 5 Beyond Permanence: More Persistence Theory. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Compressivity. 5.3 Practical Persistence. 5.4 Bounding Transient Orbits. 5.5 Persistence in Nonautonomous Systems. 5.6 Conditional Persistence. 5.7 Extinction Results. Appendix. 6 Spatial Heterogeneity in Reaction-Diffusion Models. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Spatial Heterogeneity within the Habitat Patch. 6.3 Edge Mediated Effects. 6.4 Estimates and Consequences. Appendix. 7 Nonmonotone Systems. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Predator Mediated Coexistence. 7.3 Three Species Competition. 7.4 Three Trophic Level Models. Appendix. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Schwarz function originates in classical complex analysis and potential theory. Here the author presents the advantages favoring a mode of treatment which unites the subject with modern theory of distributions and partial differential equations thus bridging the gap between two-dimensional geometric and multi-dimensional analysts. Examines the Schwarz function and its relationship to recent investigations regarding inverse problems of Newtonian gravitation, free boundaries, Hele-Shaw flows and the propagation of singularities for holomorphic p.d.e.Table of ContentsThe Schwarz Principle of Reflection. The Logarithmic Potential, Balayage, and Quadrature Domains. Examples of ``Quadrature Identities''. Quadrature Domains: Basic Properties, 1. Quadrature Domains: Basic Properties, 2. Schwarzian Reflection, Revisited. Projectors from L? (dOmega) to H? (dOmega). The Friedrichs Operator. Concluding Remarks. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisNonlinear dynamics and chaos involves the study of apparently random happenings within a system or process. The subject has wide applications within mathematics, engineering, physics and other physical sciences.This second edition covers the latest research conducted in this area.Trade Review"... much more extensive than before." (The Mathematical Review, March 2004) "The fully updated second edition provides a self-contained introduction to the theory and applications of nonlinear dynamics and chaos." (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol.84, No.14 – 15, 10 – 20 December 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. Preface to the First Edition. Acknowledgements from the First Edition. Introduction PART I: BASIC CONCEPTS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICS An overview of nonlinear phenomena Point attractors in autonomous systems Limit cycles in autonomous systems Periodic attractors in driven oscillators Chaotic attractors in forced oscillators Stability and bifurcations of equilibria and cycles PART II ITERATED MAPS AS DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Stability and bifurcation of maps Chaotic behaviour of one-and two-dimensional maps PART III FLOWS, OUTSTRUCTURES AND CHAOS The Geometry of Recurrence The Lorenz system Rosslers band Geometry of bifurcations PART IV APPLICATIONS IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES Subharmonic resonances of an offshore structure Chaotic motions of an impacting system Escape from a potential well Appendix. Illustrated Glossary. Bibliography. Online Resource. Index.

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Book SynopsisSince the bestselling first edition was published, there has been a lot of new research conducted in the area of nonlinear dynamics and chaos. This revised edition provides new material, including a glossary and bibliography, as well as a generous supplement of new figures and illustrations.Trade Review"... much more extensive than before." (The Mathematical Review, March 2004) "The fully updated second edition provides a self-contained introduction to the theory and applications of nonlinear dynamics and chaos." (International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol.84, No.14 – 15, 10 – 20 December 2004)Table of ContentsPreface vi Preface to the First Edition xv Acknowledgements from the First Edition xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Historical background 1 1.2 Chaotic dynamics in Duffing's oscillator 3 1.3 Attractors and bifurcations 8 Part I Basic Concepts of Nonlinear Dynamics 2 An overview of nonlinear phenomena 15 2.1 Undamped, unforced linear oscillator 15 2.2 Undamped, unforced nonlinear oscillator 17 2.3 Damped, unforced linear oscillator 18 2.4 Damped, unforced nonlinear oscillator 20 2.5 Forced linear oscillator 21 2.6 Forced nonlinear oscillator: periodic attractors 22 2.7 Forced nonlinear oscillator: chaotic attractor 24 3 Point attractors in autonomous systems 26 3.1 The linear oscillator 26 3.2 Nonlinear pendulum oscillations 34 3.3 Evolving ecological systems 41 3.4 Competing point attractors 45 3.5 Attractors of a spinning satellite 47 4 Limit cycles in autonomous systems 50 4.1 The single attractor 50 4.2 Limit cycle in a neural system 51 4.3 Bifurcations of a chemical oscillator 55 4.4 Multiple limit cycles in aeroelastic galloping 58 4.5 Topology of two-dimensional phase space 61 5 Periodic attractors in driven oscillators 62 5.1 The Poincare map 62 5.2 Linear resonance 64 5.3 Nonlinear resonance 66 5.4 The smoothed variational equation 71 5.5 Variational equation for subharmonics 72 5.6 Basins ofattraction by mapping techniques 73 5.7 Resonance ofa self-exciting system 76 5.8 The ABC ofnonlinear dynamics 79 6 Chaotic attractors in forced oscillators 80 6.1 Relaxation oscillations and heartbeat 80 6.2 The Birkhoff±Shaw chaotic attractor 82 6.3 Systems with nonlinear restoring force 93 7 Stability and bifurcations of equilibria and cycles 106 7.1 Liapunov stability and structural stability 106 7.2 Centre manifold theorem 109 7.3 Local bifurcations of equilibrium paths 111 7.4 Local bifurcations of cycles 123 7.5 Basin changes at local bifurcations 126 7.6 Prediction ofincipient instability 128 Part II Iterated Maps as Dynamical Systems 8 Stability and bifurcation of maps 135 8.1 Introduction 135 8.2 Stability of one-dimensional maps 138 8.3 Bifurcations of one-dimensional maps 139 8.4 Stability of two-dimensional maps 149 8.5 Bifurcations of two-dimensional maps 156 8.6 Basin changes at local bifurcations of limit cycles 158 9 Chaotic behaviour of one- and two-dimensional maps 161 9.1 General outline 161 9.2 Theory for one-dimensional maps 164 9.3 Bifurcations to chaos 167 9.4 Bifurcation diagram of one-dimensional maps 170 9.5 He non map 174 Part III Flows, Outstructures, and Chaos 10 The geometry of recurrence 183 10.1 Finite-dimensional dynamical systems 183 10.2 Types ofrecurrent behaviour 187 10.3 Hyperbolic stability types for equilibria 195 10.4 Hyperbolic stability types for limit cycles 200 10.5 Implications ofhyperbolic structure 205 11 The Lorenz system 207 11.1 A model ofthermal convection 207 11.2 First convective instability 209 11.3 The chaotic attractor ofLorenz 214 11.4 Geometry ofa transition to chaos 222 1 2 RoÈssler's band 229 12.1 The simply folded band in an autonomous system 229 12.2 Return map and bifurcations 233 12.3 Smale's horseshoe map 238 12.4 Transverse homoclinic trajectories 243 12.5 Spatial chaos and localized buckling 246 13 Geometry of bifurcations 249 13.1 Local bifurcations 249 13.2 Global bifurcations in the phase plane 258 13.3 Bifurcations of chaotic attractors 266 Part IV Applications in the Physical Sciences 14 Subharmonic resonances of an offshore structure 285 14.1 Basic equation and non-dimensional form 286 14.2 Analytical solution for each domain 288 14.3 Digital computer program 289 14.4 Resonance response curves 290 14.5 Effect of damping 294 14.6 Computed phase projections 296 14.7 Multiple solutions and domains ofattraction 298 15 Chaotic motions of an impacting system 302 15.1 Resonance response curve 302 15.2 Application to moored vessels 306 15.3 Period-doubling and chaotic solutions 306 16 Escape from a potential well 313 16.1 Introduction 313 16.2 Analytical formulation 314 16.3 Overview ofthe steady-state response 319 16.4 The two-band chaotic attractor 324 16.5 Resonance ofthe steady states 328 16.6 Transients and basins ofattraction 333 16.7 Homoclinic phenomena 340 16.8 Heteroclinic phenomena 346 16.9 Indeterminate bifurcations 352 Appendix 359 Illustrated Glossary 369 Bibliography 402 Online Resources 428 Index 429

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Book SynopsisNumerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Systems The Initial Value Problem J.D. Lambert Professor of Numerical Analysis University of Dundee Scotland In 1973 the author published a book entitled Computational Methods in Ordinary Differential Equations.Table of ContentsBackground Material. Introduction to Numerical Methods. Linear Multistep Methods. Predictor-Corrector Methods. Runge-Kutta Methods. Stiffness: Linear Stability Theory. Stiffness: Nonlinear Stability Theory. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book systematically studies upwind methods for initial value problems for scalar conservation laws in one- and multidimensions. The mathematical theory of convergence theory and of a priori error estimates is presented in detail for structure (finite difference methods) as well as for unstructured grids (finite volume methods).Table of ContentsInitial Value Problems for Scalar Conservation Laws in 1-D. Initial Value Problems for Scalar Conservation Laws in 2-D. Initial Value Problems for Systems in 1-D. Initial Value Problems for Systems of Conservation Laws in 2-D. Initial Boundary Value Problems for Conservation Laws. Convection-Dominated Problems. List of Figures. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis highly useful text for students and professionals working in the applied sciences shows how to formulate and solve partial differential equations. Realistic, practical coverage of diffusion-type problems, hyperbolic-type problems, elliptic-type problems and numerical and approximate methods. Suggestions for further reading. Solution guide available upon request. 1982 edition.

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Book SynopsisThis book, first published in 2002, contains an introduction to hyperbolic partial differential equations and a powerful class of numerical methods for approximating their solution, including both linear problems and nonlinear conservation laws. This provides an excellent learning environment for understanding wave propagation phenomena and finite volume methods.Trade Review'It is moreover advantageous that the algorithms presented are public and easily available via the web-page cited. Similar to the book of R. J. LeVeque titled Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws, this manuscript will certainly become a part of the standard literature in the field of numerical methods for hyperbolic partial differential equations.' Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics'The text is very well written and can serve for self-study as well as an accompanying text book for teaching purposes … a very sound and comprehensive introduction into hyperbolic problems and their numerical treatment.' Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Conservation laws and differential equations; 3. Characteristics and Riemann problems for linear hyperbolic equations; 4. Finite-volume methods; 5. Introduction to the CLAWPACK software; 6. High resolution methods; 7. Boundary conditions and ghost cells; 8. Convergence, accuracy, and stability; 9. Variable-coefficient linear equations; 10. Other approaches to high resolution; 11. Nonlinear scalar conservation laws; 12. Finite-volume methods for nonlinear scalar conservation laws; 13. Nonlinear systems of conservation laws; 14. Gas dynamics and the Euler equations; 15. Finite-volume methods for nonlinear systems; 16. Some nonclassical hyperbolic problems; 17. Source terms and balance laws; 18. Multidimensional hyperbolic problems; 19. Multidimensional numerical methods; 20. Multidimensional scalar equations; 21. Multidimensional systems; 22. Elastic waves; 23. Finite-volume methods on quadrilateral grids; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisInverse problems arise in practical situations such as medical imaging, geophysical exploration, and non-destructive evaluation where measurements made on the exterior of a body are used to determine properties of the inaccessible interior. There have been substantial developments in the mathematical theory of inverse problems, and applications have expanded greatly. In this volume, leading experts in the theoretical and applied aspects of inverse problems offer extended surveys on several important topics in modern inverse problems, such as microlocal analysis, reflection seismology, tomography, inverse scattering, and X-ray transforms. Each article covers a particular topic or topics with an emphasis on accessibility and integration with the whole volume. Thus the collection can be at the same time stimulating to researchers and accessible to graduate students.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'It's a perfect introduction for students who want to learn the basic techniques with mathematical rigor and in a mathematical language … the book is admirably clear and does a good job in motivating the reader … It's safe to say that Uhlmann's book is a fingerpost in mathematical imaging for some time to come.' Bulletin of the American Mathematical SocietyReview of the hardback: 'This collection will undoubtedly be very useful both to the researchers in the field and postgraduate students.' European Mathematical Society NewsletterReview of the hardback: 'This collection will be undoubtedly very useful to the researchers in the filed and postgraduate students as well.' EMS NerwsletterTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction to the mathematics of computed tomography Adel Faridani; 2. The attenuated X-ray transform: recent developments David V. Finch; 3. Inverse acoustic and electromagnetic scattering theory David Colton; 4. Inverse problems in transport theory Plamen Stefanov; 5. Near-field tomography P. Scott Carney and John C. Schotland; 6. Inverse problems for time harmonic electrodynamics Petri Ola, Lassi Päivärinta and Erkki Somersalo; 7. Microlocal analysis of the X-ray transform with sources on a curve David Finch, Ih-Ren Lan and Gunther Uhlmann; 8. Microlocal analysis of seismic inverse scattering Maarten V. de Hoop; 9. Sojourn times, singularities of the scattering kernel and inverse problems Vesselin Petkov and Luchezar Stoyanov; 10. Geometry and analysis in many-body scattering András Vasy; 11. A mathematical and deterministic analysis of the time-reversal mirror Claude Bardos.

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Book SynopsisThis book provided the first self-contained comprehensive exposition of the theory of dynamical systems as a core mathematical discipline closely intertwined with most of the main areas of mathematics. The authors introduce and rigorously develop the theory while providing researchers interested in applications with fundamental tools and paradigms. The book begins with a discussion of several elementary but fundamental examples. These are used to formulate a program for the general study of asymptotic properties and to introduce the principal theoretical concepts and methods. The main theme of the second part of the book is the interplay between local analysis near individual orbits and the global complexity of the orbit structure. The third and fourth parts develop the theories of low-dimensional dynamical systems and hyperbolic dynamical systems in depth. Over 400 systematic exercises are included in the text. The book is aimed at students and researchers in mathematics at all levTrade Review' … there is no other treatment coming close in terms of comprehensiveness and readability … it is indispensable for anybody working on dynamical systems in almost any context, and even experts will find interesting new proofs, insights and historical references throughout the book.' Monatshefte für Mathematik'… contains detailed discussion … presents many recent results … The text is carefully written and is accompanied by many excercises.' European Mathematical Society Newsletter'This book provides the first self-contained comprehensive exposition of the theory of dynamical systems as a core mathematical discipline.' L'Enseignement MathématiqueTable of ContentsPart I. Examples and Fundamental Concepts; Introduction; 1. First examples; 2. Equivalence, classification, and invariants; 3. Principle classes of asymptotic invariants; 4. Statistical behavior of the orbits and introduction to ergodic theory; 5. Smooth invariant measures and more examples; Part II. Local Analysis and Orbit Growth; 6. Local hyperbolic theory and its applications; 7. Transversality and genericity; 8. Orbit growth arising from topology; 9. Variational aspects of dynamics; Part III. Low-Dimensional Phenomena; 10. Introduction: What is low dimensional dynamics; 11. Homeomorphisms of the circle; 12. Circle diffeomorphisms; 13. Twist maps; 14. Flows on surfaces and related dynamical systems; 15. Continuous maps of the interval; 16. Smooth maps of the interval; Part IV. Hyperbolic Dynamical Systems; 17. Survey of examples; 18. Topological properties of hyperbolic sets; 19. Metric structure of hyperbolic sets; 20. Equilibrium states and smooth invariant measures; Part V. Sopplement and Appendix; 21. Dynamical systems with nonuniformly hyperbolic behavior Anatole Katok and Leonardo Mendoza.

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Book SynopsisSymplectic geometry is very useful for formulating clearly and concisely problems in classical physics and also for understanding the link between classical problems and their quantum counterparts. From a different approach, this subject is of interest to both mathematicians and physicists.Trade Review"This book is brilliant and fascinating and is probably one of the most important additions in recent years to the mathematical physics literature." Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. The geometry of the moment map; 3. Motion in a Yang-Mills field and the principle of general covariance; 4. Complete integrability; 5. Contractions of symplectic homogeneous spaces; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is an introduction to nonlinear functional analysis, in particular to those methods based on differential calculus in Banach spaces. It is in two parts; the first deals with the geometry of Banach spaces and includes a discussion of local and global inversion theorems for differentiable mappings. In the second part, the authors are more concerned with bifurcation theory, including the Hopf bifurcation. They include plenty of motivational and illustrative applications, which indeed provide much of the justification of nonlinear analysis. In particular, they discuss bifurcation problems arising from such areas as mechanics and fluid dynamics. The book is intended to accompany upper division courses for students of pure and applied mathematics and physics; exercises are consequently included.Trade Review'There's no more economical or lucid introduction to the subject than this great little book.' The Mathematical IntelligencerTable of ContentsPreface; Preliminaries and notation; 1. Differential calculus; 2. Local inversion theorems; 3. Global inversion theorems; 4. Semilinear Dirichlet problems; 5. Bifurcation results; 6. Bifurcation problems; 7. Bifurcation of periodic solutions; Further reading.

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Book SynopsisSymmetry is the key to solving differential equations. There are many well-known techniques for obtaining exact solutions, but most of them are special cases of a few powerful symmetry methods. Furthermore, these methods can be applied to differential equations of an unfamiliar type; they do not rely on special 'tricks'. Instead, a given differential equation is forced to reveal its symmetries, which are then used to construct exact solutions. This book is a straightforward introduction to the subject, and is aimed at applied mathematicians, physicists, and engineers. The presentation is informal, using many worked examples to illustrate the main symmetry methods. It is written at a level suitable for postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, and is designed to enable the reader to master the main techniques quickly and easily. The book contains methods that have not previously appeared in a text. These include methods for obtaining discrete symmetries and integrating factors.Trade Review'Hydon's book stands out as perhaps the best introductory level text currently available … Hydon's book is extremely well-written, and a welcome addition to the literature on Lie's methods. The author has clearly devoted a lot of effort to pedagogical details, and the exposition is designed to effortlessly bring the beginning student up to speed in basic applications of the method.' Peter Olver, ZAMM'I really enjoyed reading this book and I am planning on using some parts for one of my next courses.' Monatshefte für Mathematik'… a nice introduction to symmetry methods for ordinary and partial differential equations written with passion by a specialist … after a few pages it becomes clear that the book is written in a lucid and precise manner.' Zentralblatt MATH'This new book by Peter Hydon … is eminently suitable for advanced undergraduates and beginning postgraduate students … Overall I thoroughly recommend this book and believe that it will be a useful textbook for introducing students to symmetry methods for differential equations.' Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics'Throughout the text numerous examples are worked out in detail and the exercises have been well chosen. this is the most readable text on this material I have seen and I would recommend the book for self-study (as an introduction).' MathSciNet'It is very suitable for, and is specifically aimed at, postgraduate courses in the field. it is the more enjoyable for being written with infectious enthusiasm and there is a good selection of examples.' Mathematical GazetteTable of Contents1. Introduction to symmetries; 1.1. Symmetries of planar objects; 1.2. Symmetries of the simplest ODE; 1.3. The symmetry condition for first-order ODEs; 1.4. Lie symmetries solve first-order ODEs; 2. Lie symmetries of first order ODEs; 2.1. The action of Lie symmetries on the plane; 2.2. Canonical coordinates; 2.3. How to solve ODEs with Lie symmetries; 2.4. The linearized symmetry condition; 2.5. Symmetries and standard methods; 2.6. The infinitesimal generator; 3. How to find Lie point symmetries of ODEs; 3.1 The symmetry condition. 3.2. The determining equations for Lie point symmetries; 3.3. Linear ODEs; 3.4. Justification of the symmetry condition; 4. How to use a one-parameter Lie group; 4.1. Reduction of order using canonical coordinates; 4.2. Variational symmetries; 4.3. Invariant solutions; 5. Lie symmetries with several parameters; 5.1. Differential invariants and reduction of order; 5.2. The Lie algebra of point symmetry generators; 5.3. Stepwise integration of ODEs; 6. Solution of ODEs with multi-parameter Lie groups; 6.1 The basic method: exploiting solvability; 6.2. New symmetries obtained during reduction; 6.3. Integration of third-order ODEs with sl(2); 7. Techniques based on first integrals; 7.1. First integrals derived from symmetries; 7.2. Contact symmetries and dynamical symmetries; 7.3. Integrating factors; 7.4. Systems of ODEs; 8. How to obtain Lie point symmetries of PDEs; 8.1. Scalar PDEs with two dependent variables; 8.2. The linearized symmetry condition for general PDEs; 8.3. Finding symmetries by computer algebra; 9. Methods for obtaining exact solutions of PDEs; 9.1. Group-invariant solutions; 9.2. New solutions from known ones; 9.3. Nonclassical symmetries; 10. Classification of invariant solutions; 10.1. Equivalence of invariant solutions; 10.2. How to classify symmetry generators; 10.3. Optimal systems of invariant solutions; 11. Discrete symmetries; 11.1. Some uses of discrete symmetries; 11.2. How to obtain discrete symmetries from Lie symmetries; 11.3. Classification of discrete symmetries; 11.4. Examples.

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Book SynopsisAndrea Prosperetti draws on many years' experience at the forefront of research to produce a guide to the mathematical methods needed for classical fields. Each chapter is essentially self-contained, so users can fashion their own path through the material according to their needs.Trade Review'This carefully written book by a well-known expert in the area is also an excellent guide to the present literature, recommended as well to graduate students as to experts in the area. This volume will help the reader in getting acquainted with some mathematical aspects of the modern theory of linear and non-linear phenomena arising in relevant applications to mathematical physics.' Zentralblatt MATH'A truly wonderful book … The author succeeded in creating a new type of book, that many will put on their desks, and they should: beginners, physicists, advanced learners, instructors, users of maths in the sciences … A modern work, showing new ways, unusually multi-layered, applicable in many contexts and at many levels, an exciting book.' Siegfried Großmann, Philipps-Universität Marburg'This book admirably lays down physical and mathematical groundwork, provides motivating examples, gives access to the relevant deep mathematics, and unifies components of many mathematical areas. This sophisticated topics text, which interweaves and connects subjects in a meaningful way, gives readers the satisfaction and the pleasure of putting two and two together.' Laura K. Gross, SIAM ReviewTable of ContentsPreface; To the reader; List of tables; Part I. General Remarks and Basic Concepts: 1. The classical field equations; 2. Some simple preliminaries; Part II. Applications: 3. Fourier series: applications; 4. Fourier transform: applications; 5. Laplace transform: applications; 6. Cylindrical systems; 7. Spherical systems; Part III. Essential Tools: 8. Sequences and series; 9. Fourier series: theory; 10. The Fourier and Hankel transforms; 11. The Laplace transform; 12. The Bessel equation; 13. The Legendre equation; 14. Spherical harmonics; 15. Green's functions: ordinary differential equations; 16. Green's functions: partial differential equations; 17. Analytic functions; 18. Matrices and finite-dimensional linear spaces; Part IV. Some Advanced Tools: 19. Infinite-dimensional spaces; 20. Theory of distributions; 21. Linear operators in infinite-dimensional spaces; Appendix; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis 1999 book investigates the high degree of symmetry that lies hidden in integrable systems. Differential equations arising from classical mechanics, such as the KdV equation and the KP equations, are used here by the authors to introduce the notion of an infinite dimensional transformation group acting on spaces of integrable systems.Trade Review' ... this charming book can be recommended to anybody interested in the modern development in the mathematics arising from mathematical physics.' EMSTable of ContentsPreface; 1. The KdV equation and its symmetries; 2. The KdV hierarchy; 3. The Hirota equation and vertex operators; 4. The calculus of Fermions; 5. The Boson–Fermion correspondence; 6. Transformation groups and tau functions; 7. The transformation group of the KdV equation; 8. Finite dimensional Grassmannians and Plücker relations; 9. Infinite dimensional Grassmannians; 10. The bilinear identity revisited; Solutions to exercises; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe main purpose of this book is to give a systematic treatment of the theory of stochastic differential equations and stochastic flow of diffeomorphisms, and through the former to study the properties of stochastic flows. The classical theory was initiated by K. Ità and since then has been much developed. Professor Kunita's approach here is to regard the stochastic differential equation as a dynamical system driven by a random vector field, including thereby ItÃ's theory as a special case. The book can be used with advanced courses on probability theory or for self-study. The author begins with a discussion of Markov processes, martingales and Brownian motion, followed by a review of ItÃ's stochastic analysis. The next chapter deals with continuous semimartingales with spatial parameters, in order to study stochastic flow, and a generalisation of Ito's equation. Stochastic flows and their relation with this are generalised and considered in chapter 4. It is shown that solutions of a gTrade Review"The book could be used with advanced courses on probability theory or for self study." MTW, JASATable of Contents1. Stochastic processes and random fields; 2. Continuous semimartingales and stochastic integrals; 3. Semimartingales with spatial parameter and stochastic integrals; 4. Stochastic flows; 5. Convergence of stochastic flows; 6. Stochastic partial differential equations.

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Book SynopsisThis book, first published in 2000, emphasizes the substantial role played by classical complex analysis in understanding holomorphic dynamics and gives an up-to-date coverage of the modern theory. The authors cover entire functions, Kleinian groups and polynomial automorphisms of several complex variables, as well as the case of rational functions.Table of Contents1. The dynamics of polynomial maps; 2. Fatou and Julia sets; 3. Dynamics of entire functions; 4. Dynamics of rational functions; 5. Kleinian groups and Sullivan's dictionary; 6. The dynamics of holomorphic maps of sveral variables; 7. Dynamics of generalized Hénon maps; 8. Pluripotential theory of polynomial automorphisms; 9. Dynamics of polynomial automorphisms; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisNumerical analysis presents different faces to the world. For mathematicians it is a bona fide mathematical theory with an applicable flavour. For scientists and engineers it is a practical, applied subject, part of the standard repertoire of modelling techniques. For computer scientists it is a theory on the interplay of computer architecture and algorithms for real-number calculations. The tension between these standpoints is the driving force of this book, which presents a rigorous account of the fundamentals of numerical analysis of both ordinary and partial differential equations. The exposition maintains a balance between theoretical, algorithmic and applied aspects. This second edition has been extensively updated, and includes new chapters on emerging subject areas: geometric numerical integration, spectral methods and conjugate gradients. Other topics covered include multistep and Runge-Kutta methods; finite difference and finite elements techniques for the Poisson equation; aTrade Review'A well written and exciting book … the exposition throughout is clear and very lively. The author's enthusiasm and wit are obvious on almost every page and I recommend the text very strongly indeed.' Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society'This is a well-written, challenging introductory text that addresses the essential issues in the development of effective numerical schemes for the solution of differential equations: stability, convergence, and efficiency. The soft cover edition is a terrific buy - I highly recommend it.' Mathematics of Computation'This book can be highly recommended as a basis for courses in numerical analysis.' Zentralblatt fur Mathematik'The overall structure and the clarity of the exposition make this book an excellent introductory textbook for mathematics students. It seems also useful for engineers and scientists who have a practical knowledge of numerical methods and wish to acquire a better understanding of the subject.' Mathematical Reviews'… nicely crafted and full of interesting details.' ITW Nieuws'I believe this book succeeds. It provides an excellent introduction to the numerical analysis of differential equations . . .' Computing Reviews'As a mathematician who developed an interest in numerical analysis in the middle of his professional career, I thoroughly enjoyed reading this text. I wish this book had been available when I first began to take a serious interest in computation. The author's style is comfortable . . . This book would be my choice for a text to 'modernize' such courses and bring them closer to the current practice of applied mathematics.' American Journal of Physics'Iserles has successfully presented, in a mathematically honest way, all essential topics on numerical methods for differential equations, suitable for advanced undergraduate-level mathematics students.' Georgios Akrivis, University of Ioannina, Greece'The present book can, because of the extension even more than the first edition, be highly recommended for readers from all fields, including students and engineers.' Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsPreface to the first edition; Preface to the second edition; Flowchart of contents; Part I. Ordinary Differential Equations: 1. Euler's method and beyond; 2. Multistep methods; 3. Runge–Kutta methods; 4. Stiff equations; 5. Geometric numerical integration; 6. Error control; 7. Nonlinear algebraic systems; Part II. The Poisson Equation: 8. Finite difference schemes; 9. The finite element method; 10. Spectral methods; 11. Gaussian elimination for sparse linear equations; 12. Classical iterative methods for sparse linear equations; 13. Multigrid techniques; 14. Conjugate gradients; 15. Fast Poisson solvers; Part III. Partial Differential Equations of evolution: 16. The diffusion equation; 17. Hyperbolic equations; Appendix. Bluffer's guide to useful mathematics: A.1. Linear algebra; A.2. Analysis; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis introduction to the subject of dynamical systems is ideal for a one-year graduate course. From chapter one, the authors use examples to motivate, clarify and develop the theory. The book rounds off with beautiful and remarkable applications to such areas as number theory, data storage, and Internet search engines.Trade Review'… an ideal choice for a graduate course on dynamical systems … warmly recommended …' Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum'… exceptionally well written … You should consider adopting this wonderful text for your next graduate course on the pure mathematics of the modern theory of dynamical systems.' Carmen Chicone, SIAM Review'… despite the breadth, one finds here major results rigorously treated and substantial applications. By itself, the clean, accessible exposition of the amazing Sharkovsky theorem would justify the acquisition of this book … Highly recommended.' Choice'While the pace is fast and the book is very concise, the organization and selection of topics has been considered carefully, and the writing is strong enough to support the speedy treatment … It certainly does give a notion of the scope of dynamical systems in a way that few other single books do.' Bill Satzer, MAA ReviewsTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Examples and basic concepts; 2. Topological dynamics; 3. Symbolic dynamics; 4. Ergodic theory; 5. Hyperbolic dynamics; 6. Ergodicity of Anosov diffeomorphisms; 7. Low-dimensional dynamics; 8. Complex dynamics; 9. Measure-theoretic entropy; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis concise text, first published in 2003, is for a one-semester course for upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduate students in engineering, science, and mathematics, and can also serve as a quick reference for professionals. The treatment of each method is brief and technical issues are minimized, but all the issues important in practice and for understanding the code are discussed.Trade Review' … this is a readable, accessible text full of invaluable advice, illustrated using interesting examples and exercises … if you do have some background knowledge of numerical analysis, MATLAB, and are motivated by the application of numerical methods to real problems, you will find this book full of interest … the book acts as a useful introduction to several important, more general, issues in scientific computing.' The Mathematical GazetteTable of Contents1. Getting started; 2. Initial value problems; 3. Boundary value problems; 4. Delay differential equations.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains expository papers and articles reporting on recent research by leading world experts in nonstandard mathematics, arising from the International Colloquium on Nonstandard Mathematics held at the University of Aveiro, Portugal in July 1994. Nonstandard mathematics originated with Abraham Robinson, and the body of ideas that have developed from this theory of nonstandard analysis now vastly extends Robinson''s work with infinitesimals. The range of applications includes measure and probability theory, stochastic analysis, differential equations, generalised functions, mathematical physics and differential geometry, moreover, the theory has implicaitons for the teaching of calculus and analysis. This volume contains papers touching on all of the abovbe topics, as well as a biographical note about Abraham Robinson based on the opening address given by W.A>J> Luxemburg - who knew Robinson - to the Aveiro conference which marked the 20th anniversary of Robinson'Table of ContentsThe infinitesimal rule of threeNonstandard methods in the precalculus curruculumDifference quotients and smoothnessContinuous maps with special propertiesSome nonstandard methods in geometric topologyDelayed bifurcations in perturbed systems analysis of slow passage of Suhl-thresholdFunctional analysis and NSANear-standard compact internal linear operatorsDiscrete Fredholm's equationsNonstandard theory of generalized functionsRepresenting distributions by nonstandard polynomialsContributions of nonstandard analysis to partial differential equationsLoeb measure theoryUnions of Loeb nullsets: the contextGredient lines and distributions of functionals in infinite dimensional Euclidean spacesNonstandard flat integral representation of the free Euclidean field and a large deviation bound for the exponential interactionNonstandard analysis in selective uniersesLattices and monadsA neometric surveyLong sequences and neocompact sets

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Book SynopsisThe First Pan-China Conference on Differential Equations was held in Kunming, China in June of 1997. Researchers from around the world attended-including representatives from the US, Canada, and the Netherlands-but the majority of the speakers hailed from China and Hong Kong. This volume contains the plenary lectures and invited talks presented at that conference, and provides an excellent view of the research on differential equations being carried out in China.Most of the subjects addressed arose from actual applications and cover ordinary and partial differential equations. Topics include:Table of ContentsPART I: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSAdvances in the Asymptotic and Numerical Solution of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations, F.W.J. OlverSome Unsolved Problems in Asymptotics, R. WongPeriodic Solutions and Heteroclinic Cycles in the Convection Model of a Rotating Fluid Layer, J. Li and X.H. ZhaoThe Equivalence of Exponential Stability for Impulsive Time-Delay Differential Systems, Z.-H. Guan, Y.-C. Zhou, and X.-P. HeConditions for Identity of Bifurcations in Cubic Hamiltonian Systems with Symmetry or Nonsymmetry Perturbations, Z. Liu, H. Cao, and J. LiPART II: PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSLong Time Behavior for the Generalized Ginzburg-Landau Equations, B. GuoThe Inverse Scattering Transform for a Variable-Coefficient KdV Equations (with Applications to Shallow Water Waves), H.-H. DaiThe Semigroup Theory and Abstract Linear Equations, G. YangA Unified Approach Towards Nonlinear Parabolic Equations with Strong Reaction in Rn, Y.-W. QiGlobal Existence of Smooth Solution to Boltzmann-Poisson System in Semiconductor Physics, G. Cui and Y. WangAnalytical Methods for a Selection of Elliptic Singular Perturbation Problems, N.M. TemmeExponential Attractors of the Strongly Damped Nonlinear Wave Equations, Z. Dai and B. GuoGeneralized Isovorticity Principle for Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics, V.A. Vladimirov and K.I. IlinScroll Waves in Excitable Media and the Motion of Organization Center, Q. Lu and S. LiuTransport Equations for a General Class of Evolution Equations, M.Z. Guo and X.P. Wanga-Times Integrated Cosine Function, G. YangIdentifying Parameters in Elliptic Systems by Finite Element Methods with Multi-Level Initializing, Y.F. Seid and J. Zou TechniquesMonotone Difference Schemes for Two Dimensional Nonhomogeneous Conservation Laws, T. Tang and Z.-H. Teng

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Book SynopsisPresents many of the main developments in the study of real submanifolds in complex space, providing background material for researchers and advanced graduate students. This work addresses topics such as the holomorphic extension of functions and mappings that satisfy the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations on real submanifolds.Table of ContentsPrefaceCh. IHypersurfaces and Generic Submanifolds in C[superscript N]3Ch. IIAbstract and Embedded CR Structures35Ch. IIIVector Fields: Commutators, Orbits, and Homogeneity62Ch. IVCoordinates for Generic Submanifolds94Ch. VRings of Power Series and Polynomial Equations119Ch. VIGeometry of Analytic Discs156Ch. VIIBoundary Values of Holomorphic Functions in Wedges184Ch. VIIIHolomorphic Extension of CR Functions205Ch. IXHolomorphic Extension of Mappings of Hypersurfaces241Ch. XSegre Sets281Ch. XINondegeneracy Conditions for Manifolds315Ch. XIIHolomorphic Mappings of Submanifolds349Ch. XIIIMappings of Real-algebraic Subvarieties379References390Index401

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Book SynopsisServes as a text for mathematics students at the intermediate graduate level. This book aims to acquaint readers with the fundamental classical results of partial differential equations and to guide them into some aspects of the modern theory to the point where they will be equipped to read advanced treatises and research papers.Trade Review"The first edition of Folland's text on PDEs used to be my favorite source for a course on DPEs. The new edition includes many more exercises and offers a new chapter on pseudodifferential operators. ... This text book is a pleasant compromise between the modern abstract theory and the concrete classical examples and applications."--Monatshefte fur MathematikTable of Contents* Local Existence Theory * The Laplace Operator * Layer Potentials * The Heat Operator * The Wave Operator * The L2 Theory of Derivatives * Elliptic Boundary Value Problems * Pseudodifferential Operators

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Book SynopsisExplores developments in the theory of planar quasiconformal mappings with a focus on the interactions with partial differential equations and nonlinear analysis. This book presents a modern approach to the classical theory and features applications across a spectrum of mathematics such as dynamical systems and singular integral operators.Trade Review"The nature of the writing is impressive, and any library owning this volume, and other volumes of he series, will be a rich library indeed. This book can work out well as a text for further study at higher graduate level and beyond. For many a mathematician, it works well as a collection of enjoyable chapters; and most importantly, it can comfortably serve well as a reference resource and study material. They will be grateful to the publishers and the authors, for the volume includes a wealth of interesting and useful information on many important topics in the subject... In short, a scintillating volume, full of detailed and thought-provoking contributions. Readers who bring to this book a reasonably strong background of the topics treated in the volume and an open mind will be well rewarded."--Current Engineering PracticeTable of Contents*FrontMatter, pg. i*Contents, pg. vii*Preface, pg. xv*Chapter 1. Introduction, pg. 1*Chapter 2. A Background In Conformal Geometry, pg. 12*Chapter 3. The Foundations Of Quasiconformal Mappings, pg. 48*Chapter 4. Complex Potentials, pg. 92*Chapter 5. The Measurable Riemann Mapping Theorem: The Existence Theory Of Quasiconformal Mappings, pg. 161*Chapter 6. Parameterizing General Linear Elliptic Systems, pg. 195*Chapter 7. The Concept Of Ellipticity, pg. 210*Chapter 8. Solving General Nonlinear First-Order Elliptic Systems, pg. 235*Chapter 9. Nonlinear Riemann Mapping Theorems, pg. 259*Chapter 10. Conformal Deformations And Beltrami Systems, pg. 275*Chapter 11. A Quasilinear Cauchy Problem, pg. 289*Chapter 12. Holomorphic Motions, pg. 293*Chapter 13. Higher Integrability, pg. 316*Chapter 14. Lp-Theory Of Beltrami Operators, pg. 362*Chapter 15. Schauder Estimates For Beltrami Operators, pg. 389*Chapter 16. Applications To Partial Differential Equations, pg. 403*Chapter 17. PDEs Not Of Divergence Type: Pucci'S Conjecture, pg. 472*Chapter 18. Quasiconformal Methods In Impedance Tomography: Calderon's Problem, pg. 490*Chapter 19. Integral Estimates For The Jacobian, pg. 514*Chapter 20. Solving The Beltrami Equation: Degenerate Elliptic Case, pg. 527*Chapter 21. Aspects Of The Calculus Of Variations, pg. 586*Appendix: Elements Of Sobolev Theory And Function Spaces, pg. 624*Basic Notation, pg. 643*Bibliography, pg. 647*Index, pg. 671

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Book SynopsisDevelops a general stability analysis and control design framework for nonlinear large-scale interconnected dynamical systems, and presents a treatment on vector Lyapunov function methods, vector dissipativity theory, and decentralized control architectures.Trade ReviewWassim Haddad, Winner of the 2014 Pendray Aerospace Literature Award, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics "The monograph is an excellent up-to-date authoritative reference covering original results which are presented in a rigorous, unified framework with examples... The book will be useful primarily to applied mathematicians, control theorists and engineers, and anyone dealing with Lyapunov stability and control of nonlinear interconnected dynamic systems."--Lubomir Bakule, Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsPreface xiii CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Large-Scale Interconnected Dynamical Systems 1 1.2 A Brief Outline of the Monograph 5 CHAPTER 2. Stability Theory via Vector Lyapunov Functions 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Notation and Definitions 9 2.3 Quasi-Monotone and Essentially Nonnegative Vector Fields 10 2.4 Generalized Differential Inequalities 14 2.5 Stability Theory via Vector Lyapunov Functions 18 2.6 Discrete-Time Stability Theory via Vector Lyapunov Functions 34 CHAPTER 3. Large-Scale Continuous-Time Interconnected Dynamical Systems 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Vector Dissipativity Theory for Large-Scale Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 46 3.3 Extended Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov Conditions for Large- Scale Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 61 3.4 Specialization to Large-Scale Linear Dynamical Systems 68 3.5 Stability of Feedback Interconnections of Large-Scale Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 71 CHAPTER 4. Thermodynamic Modeling of Large-Scale Interconnected Systems 75 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Conservation of Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 75 4.3 Nonconservation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 79 4.4 Semistability and Large-Scale Systems 82 4.5 Energy Equipartition 86 4.6 Entropy Increase and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 88 4.7 Thermodynamic Models with Linear Energy Exchange 90 CHAPTER 5. Control of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems via Vector Lyapunov Functions 93 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 Control Vector Lyapunov Functions 94 5.3 Stability Margins, Inverse Optimality, and Vector Dissipativity 99 5.4 Decentralized Control for Large-Scale Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 102 CHAPTER 6. Finite-Time Stabilization of Large-Scale Systems via Control Vector Lyapunov Functions 107 6.1 Introduction 107 6.2 Finite-Time Stability via Vector Lyapunov Functions 108 6.3 Finite-Time Stabilization of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems 114 6.4 Finite-Time Stabilization for Large-Scale Homogeneous Systems 119 6.5 Decentralized Control for Finite-Time Stabilization of Large-Scale Systems 121 CHAPTER 7. Coordination Control for Multiagent Interconnected Systems 127 7.1 Introduction 127 7.2 Stability and Stabilization of Time-Varying Sets 129 7.3 Control Design for Multivehicle Coordinated Motion 135 7.4 Stability and Stabilization of Time-Invariant Sets 141 7.5 Control Design for Static Formations 144 7.6 Obstacle Avoidance in Multivehicle Coordination 145 CHAPTER 8. Large-Scale Discrete-Time Interconnected Dynamical Systems 153 8.1 Introduction 153 8.2 Vector Dissipativity Theory for Discrete-Time Large-Scale Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 154 8.3 Extended Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov Conditions for Discrete- Time Large-Scale Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 168 8.4 Specialization to Discrete-Time Large-Scale Linear Dynamical Systems 173 8.5 Stability of Feedback Interconnections of Discrete-Time Large-Scale Nonlinear Dynamical Systems 177 CHAPTER 9. Thermodynamic Modeling for Discrete-Time Large-Scale Dynamical Systems 181 9.1 Introduction 181 9.2 Conservation of Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics 182 9.3 Nonconservation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 187 9.4 Nonconservation of Ectropy 189 9.5 Semistability of Discrete-Time Thermodynamic Models 191 9.6 Entropy Increase and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 198 9.7 Thermodynamic Models with Linear Energy Exchange 200 CHAPTER 10. Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 211 10.1 Introduction 211 10.2 Stability of Impulsive Systems via Vector Lyapunov Functions 213 10.3 Vector Dissipativity Theory for Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 224 10.4 Extended Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov Conditions for Large- Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 249 10.5 Specialization to Large-Scale Linear Impulsive Dynamical Systems 259 10.6 Stability of Feedback Interconnections of Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 264 CHAPTER 11. Control Vector Lyapunov Functions for Large-Scale Impulsive Systems 271 11.1 Introduction 271 11.2 Control Vector Lyapunov Functions for Impulsive Systems 272 11.3 Stability Margins and Inverse Optimality 279 11.4 Decentralized Control for Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 284 CHAPTER 12. Finite-Time Stabilization of Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 289 12.1 Introduction 289 12.2 Finite-Time Stability of Impulsive Dynamical Systems 289 12.3 Finite-Time Stabilization of Impulsive Dynamical Systems 297 12.4 Finite-Time Stabilizing Control for Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 300 CHAPTER 13. Hybrid Decentralized Maximum Entropy Control for Large-Scale Systems 305 13.1 Introduction 305 13.2 Hybrid Decentralized Control and Large-Scale Impulsive Dynamical Systems 306 13.3 Hybrid Decentralized Control for Large-Scale Dynamical Systems 313 13.4 Interconnected Euler-Lagrange Dynamical Systems 319 13.5 Hybrid Decentralized Control Design 323 13.6 Quasi-Thermodynamic Stabilization and Maximum Entropy Control 327 13.7 Hybrid Decentralized Control for Combustion Systems 335 13.8 Experimental Verification of Hybrid Decentralized Controller 341 CHAPTER 14. Conclusion 351 Bibliography 353 Index 367

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Book SynopsisHybrid dynamical systems exhibit continuous and instantaneous changes, having features of continuous-time and discrete-time dynamical systems. This title unifies and generalizes earlier developments in continuous-time and discrete-time nonlinear systems.Trade Review"The book is carefully written and contains many examples. It will be a good resource for both researchers already familiar with hybrid systems and those starting from scratch."--Daniel Liberzon, Mathematical Reviews Clippings "The book presents a clean and self-contained exposition of hybrid systems, starting from the elementary definitions, continuing with the basic tools and finishing with more recent contributions in the literature."--Marco Castrillon Lopez, European Mathematical SocietyTable of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 The modeling framework 1 1.2 Examples in science and engineering 2 1.3 Control system examples 7 1.4 Connections to other modeling frameworks 15 1.5 Notes 22 Chapter 2 The solution concept 25 2.1 Data of a hybrid system 25 2.2 Hybrid time domains and hybrid arcs 26 2.3 Solutions and their basic properties 29 2.4 Generators for classes of switching signals 35 2.5 Notes 41 Chapter 3 Uniform asymptotic stability, an initial treatment 43 3.1 Uniform global pre-asymptotic stability 43 3.2 Lyapunov functions 50 3.3 Relaxed Lyapunov conditions 60 3.4 Stability from containment 64 3.5 Equivalent characterizations 68 3.6 Notes 71 Chapter 4 Perturbations and generalized solutions 73 4.1 Differential and difference equations 73 4.2 Systems with state perturbations 76 4.3 Generalized solutions 79 4.4 Measurement noise in feedback control 84 4.5 Krasovskii solutions are Hermes solutions 88 4.6 Notes 94 Chapter 5 Preliminaries from set-valued analysis 97 5.1 Set convergence 97 5.2 Set-valued mappings 101 5.3 Graphical convergence of hybrid arcs 107 5.4 Differential inclusions 111 5.5 Notes 115 Chapter 6 Well-posed hybrid systems and their properties 117 6.1 Nominally well-posed hybrid systems 117 6.2 Basic assumptions on the data 120 6.3 Consequences of nominal well-posedness 125 6.4 Well-posed hybrid systems 132 6.5 Consequences of well-posedness 134 6.6 Notes 137 Chapter 7 Asymptotic stability, an in-depth treatment 139 7.1 Pre-asymptotic stability for nominally well-posed systems 141 7.2 Robustness concepts 148 7.3 Well-posed systems 151 7.4 Robustness corollaries 153 7.5 Smooth Lyapunov functions 156 7.6 Proof of robustness implies smooth Lyapunov functions 161 7.7 Notes 167 Chapter 8 Invariance principles 169 8.1 Invariance and omega-limits 169 8.2 Invariance principles involving Lyapunov-like functions 170 8.3 Stability analysis using invariance principles 176 8.4 Meagre-limsup invariance principles 178 8.5 Invariance principles for switching systems 181 8.6 Notes 184 Chapter 9 Conical approximation and asymptotic stability 185 9.1 Homogeneous hybrid systems 185 9.2 Homogeneity and perturbations 189 9.3 Conical approximation and stability 192 9.4 Notes 196 Appendix: List of Symbols 199 Bibliography 201 Index 211

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Book SynopsisBased on lectures given at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, and Johns Hopkins University, this book introduces eigenfunctions on Riemannian manifolds. It shows that there is quantum ergodicity of eigenfunctions if the geodesic flow is ergodic.Trade Review"The book is very well written... I would definitely recommend it to anybody who wants to learn spectral geometry."--Leonid Friedlander, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface ix 1A review: The Laplacian and the d'Alembertian 1 1.1 The Laplacian 1 1.2 Fundamental solutions of the d'Alembertian 6 2Geodesics and the Hadamard parametrix 16 2.1 Laplace-Beltrami operators 16 2.2 Some elliptic regularity estimates 20 2.3 Geodesics and normal coordinates|a brief review 24 2.4 The Hadamard parametrix 31 3The sharp Weyl formula 39 3.1 Eigenfunction expansions 39 3.2 Sup-norm estimates for eigenfunctions and spectral clusters 48 3.3 Spectral asymptotics: The sharp Weyl formula 53 3.4 Sharpness: Spherical harmonics 55 3.5 Improved results: The torus 58 3.6 Further improvements: Manifolds with nonpositive curvature 65 4Stationary phase and microlocal analysis 71 4.1 The method of stationary phase 71 4.2 Pseudodifferential operators 86 4.3 Propagation of singularities and Egorov's theorem 103 4.4 The Friedrichs quantization 111 5Improved spectral asymptotics and periodic geodesics 120 5.1 Periodic geodesics and trace regularity 120 5.2 Trace estimates 123 5.3 The Duistermaat-Guillemin theorem 132 5.4 Geodesic loops and improved sup-norm estimates 136 6Classical and quantum ergodicity 141 6.1 Classical ergodicity 141 6.2 Quantum ergodicity 153 Appendix 165 A.1 The Fourier transform and the spaces S( n) and S'( n)) 165 A.2 The spaces D'(OMEGA) and E'(OMEGA) 169 A.3 Homogeneous distributions 173 A.4 Pullbacks of distributions 176 A.5 Convolution of distributions 179 Notes 183 Bibliography 185 Index 191 Symbol Glossary 193

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Innovative, mathematically exact, and very well written. Garoche is a rare resource, and his book will enrich the knowledge of both the computer-science and control-systems communities.”—Eric Feron, Georgia Institute of Technology "This book makes a timely contribution at the crossroads of formal computer science, optimization, and control. It should be of interest to computer scientists and control engineers."—Didier Henrion, LAAS-CNRS Toulouse and Czech Technical University in Prague“A pleasure to read. Garoche’s excellent and timely book presents state-of-the-art methods building on convex optimization to perform static analysis for control systems and software.”—Taylor Johnson, Vanderbilt University

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