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Book SynopsisThe UK''s bestselling cricket annual returns - it''s the indispensable pocket guide to the summer.The 78th edition of the Playfair Cricket Annual is packed with all the information you need to follow the cricket season in 2025, as well as a review of events during the previous twelve months. India, South Africa, West Indies and Zimbabwe will all be touring England this coming summer, and here you''ll find comprehensive Test match and limited-overs records and career records to help you follow the action. County cricket is covered in unrivalled depth, with biographies of all players registered to the counties at the start of the season, full coverage of last summer''s events and a fixture list for all major domestic matches in 2025. There are also sections on women''s cricket, the IPL and The Hundred. For any cricket fan, the season is never complete without a copy of Playfair to guide you through it all.

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Book SynopsisIncludes new chapter on Working with Groups! TheSixth Editionof Peter G. Northouse's best-sellingIntroduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practiceprovides readers with a clear, concise overview of the complexities of practicing leadership and concrete strategies for becoming better leaders. The text is organized around key leader responsibilities such as creating a vision, engaging strengths, and managing conflict. Case studies, self-assessment questionnaires, observational exercises, and reflection and action worksheets engage readers to apply leadership concepts to their own lives. Grounded in leadership theory and the latest research, the fully updated, highly practical Sixth Edition includes a new chapter on working with groups, 2 new cases, and 6 new Leadership Snapshots.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Understanding Leadership Chapter 2: Recognizing Your Traits Chapter 3: Understanding Leadership Styles Chapter 4: Attending to Tasks and Relationships Chapter 5: Developing Leadership Skills Chapter 6: Engaging Strengths Chapter 7: Creating a Vision Chapter 8: Working with Groups Chapter 9: Embracing Diversity and Inclusion Chapter 10: Managing Conflict Chapter 11: Addressing Ethics in Leadership Chapter 12: Exploring Destructive Leadership Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.

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Book SynopsisExplores how and why languages become endangered, including a comprehensive new theoretical framework and a wide range of examples from around the world. The book will be welcomed by students and scholars of anthropology, linguistics and related disciplines, and by communities at risk of losing their heritage.Trade Review'A masterpiece both because of its erudition and its coherent perspective.' David Olson, University of Toronto'The authors address, among other things, endangerment stages and measures; research methods and ethics; linguistic ideology and attitudes that encourage speakers to maintain, or abandon, their language; factors (demographic, political, economic, etc.) that lead to language endangerment; language policy and planning; and strategies and resources for language reclamation.' L. Lindstrom, Choice'The innovative approach of this book, its distinct style and structure as well as the wealth of information and illustration, make it an invaluable resource not only for scholars and students of cognitive and social sciences, but also for those members of the larger public interested in the latest advances in the field.' Radu Voica, Anthropos'Both the formal features and the contents of this volume make it suitable and of potential interest for a diverse target audience, ranging from non-expert readers to researchers that may wish to obtain an up-to-date state of the issue.' Marc Gandarillas, Language in SocietyTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Stages of language endangerment; 3. Working in a community; 4. Identity and attitudes; 5. Language knowledge and use; 6. The sociolinguistic setting; 7. Linguistic processes; 8. Policy and planning; 9. Language reclamation; 10. Methodology; 11. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisEssential study guides for the future linguist. Language and Power is an introduction to how English is used to influence, persuade and position us within hierarchies. It is suitable for students at advanced level and beyond. Written with input from the Cambridge English Corpus, it looks at the linguistic techniques in situations where language is used to exert influence, exploring how contexts affect the language we use. Short activities help explain analysis methods, guiding students through major modern issues and concepts. It summarises key concerns and modern findings, while providing inspiration for language investigations and non-examined assessments (NEAs) with research suggestions.Table of Contents1. Language and power: 1.1. Inequality and power imbalance in society; 1.2. The power of language; 2. Types of power: 2.1. Concepts about power; 2.2. Politeness as a power tool; 2.3. Power and genre; 3. Language, power and the media: 3.1. Access to the media; 3.2. The language and power of journalism; 3.3. The language and power of advertising; 3.4. The language and power of charity appeals; 4. Language, power and occupation: 4.1. Exclusive features of occupational language; 4.2. Workplace interactions; 4.3. The negotiation of roles: the customer is always right; 5. Language, power and education: 5.1. Traditional classroom discourse; 5.2. A more collaborative classroom; 6. Language, power and politics: 6.1. Ideology and critical discourse analysis; 6.2. Political rhetoric in speeches, interviews and debates; 7. Language, power and the law: 7.1. A register rooted in tradition; 7.2. Functions and features of legal language in written discourse; 7.3. Spoken language in the courtroom; Ideas and answers; References.

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Book SynopsisCambridge English First for Schools 2 contains four tests for the First for Schools exam, also known as First Certificate in English (FCE) for Schools. These examination papers for the Cambridge English: First (FCE) for Schools exam provide the most authentic exam preparation available, allowing candidates to familiarise themselves with the content and format of the exam and to practise useful exam techniques. The Student''s Book without answers is perfect for classroom-based test practice. The Student''s Book is also available in a ''with answers'' edition. Audio CDs (2) containing the exam Listening material and a Student''s Book with answers and downloadable Audio are available separately.

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Book SynopsisAn expertly written French B course now updated for first examination 2020, providing students with thought-provoking materials to help them develop strong language skills and solid critical thinking. The workbook provides students with extra practice as they explore the five themes from the new IB Diploma Language B guide: identities, experiences, human ingenuity, social organisation and sharing the planet. It helps students further develop their French language skills with additional exercises complementing the activities in the coursebook. With activities suitable for both standard and higher level students, the workbook is ideal for teachers needing differentiated exercises for their class and can be used for independent study. Answers to the workbook questions are in the teacher''s resource.Table of Contents1. Identités : 1.1. Je suis, tu es, nous sommes ; 1.2. Vivre autrement ; 1.3. En pleine forme ! ; 1.4. Langues et langages ; 2. Expériences : 2.1. Les voyages forment la jeunesse ; 2.2. Je me souviens ; 2.3. Je veux être adulte ! ; 2.4. À la recherche d'une vie meilleure ; 3. Ingéniosité humaine : 3.1. Science, technologie et société ; 3.2. Les arts et nous ; 3.3. Les arts, miroir des sociétés francophones ; 3.4. Le monde vu par les médias ; 4. Organisation sociale : 4.1. Moi et mes proches ; 4.2. Moi et les autres ; 4.3. Études et emploi ; 4.4. L'ordre public ; 5. Partage de la planète : 5.1. Planète bleue, planète verte ; 5.2. Nos droits à tous ; 5.3. Conflits et paix ; 5.4. Quel dilemme ! ; 6. Types de textes.

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Book SynopsisEmbark on a journey beyond the traditional boundaries between exam preparation and real-world language with Open World Key. A unique exam journey in the Student''s Book maximises students'' performance. Exam Training tasks build confidence allowing them to progress to full task practice in the Exam focus. Real World sections open up language knowledge with listenings, videos and texts introducing common yet surprising expression, while mobile animations spark learning before or after class with Grammar on the move. Optional Push yourself sections throughout the book extend students'' capability and confidence to B1 Preliminary level. Online Practice offers additional practice in grammar and vocabulary. Downloadable Class Audio containing the necessary listening material is provided with the Teacher''s Book.

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Book SynopsisFor decades, Hong Kong has maintained precarious freedom at the edge of competing world powers. In City on the Edge, Ho-fung Hung offers a timely and engaging account of Hong Kong''s development from precolonial times to the present, with particular focus on the post 1997 handover period. Through careful analysis of vast economic data, a myriad of political events, and intricate networks of actors and ideas, Hung offers readers insight into the fraught economic, political, and social forces that led to the 2019 uprising, while situating the protests in the context of global finance and the geopolitics of the US-China rivalry. A provocative contribution to the discussion on Hong Kong''s position in today''s world, City on the Edge demonstrates that the resistance and repression of 2019-2020 does not spell the end of Hong Kong but the beginning of a long conflict with global repercussions.Trade Review'At a time when many of Hong Kong's freedoms seem to have been extinguished, Ho-fung Hung brings historical knowledge and a deft analysis of capital to show that the desire for liberal values in the city is by no means dead and that a new more hopeful phase for Hong Kong may yet emerge.' Rana Mitter, Oxford University'A powerful book packed with incisive and informative analyses, animated by a deep and intimate understanding of the local people and society. Hung's masterful narrative places Hong Kong's storied history in global, regional, national and comparative perspectives. At a time of looming darkness and despair, this is essential reading for making sense of the past and forging a brave new future.' Ching Kwan Lee, UCLA & Founding Chair of the Society for Hong Kong Studies'… meticulous and informative … an illuminating look at an issue of grave geopolitical import.' Publishers Weekly'… a penetrating analysis of the city's evolution … Hung insists that the struggle for the future of Hong Kong has not ended. But his analysis of how Hong Kong arrived at this bleak state is so persuasive that it doesn't leave the reader with much hope.' Andrew J. Nathan, Foreign Affairs'a deeply researched and colourful history' Victor Mallet, Financial Times'… a timely and carefully researched expose of how China botched its stewardship of Hong Kong after taking over the British colony in 1997.' Ian Johnson, The New York Review of BooksTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. At Empires' Edge, 1197–1997; Part I. Capital: 3. The Making of China's Offshore Financial Center; 4. Mainlandization of Business Monopoly; Part II. Empire: 5. 'One Country, Two Systems' Before Hong Kong; 6. From Autonomy to Coercive Assimilation; Part III. Resistance: 7. The Class Politics of Democratic Movement; 8. Hong Kong as a Political Consciousness; 9. Conclusion: Endgame or New Beginning?

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers reveals the trajectory of the Greek language from the Mycenaean period of the second millennium BC to the current day.Trade Review"Highly recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through faculty; general readers." (Choice, 1 February 2011) "…one of Horrocks' greatest achievements is the skill with which he demonstrates the special value of the history of Greek, thinking about the Greek language in terms of breadth and depth that are unusual among linguists working on Greek." (Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 9 May 2011)Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition xii Preface to the Second Edition xv IPA Chart xvii The Greek Alphabet xviii Introduction: The Scope and Purpose of This Book 1 Part I Ancient Greek: From Mycenae to the Roman Empire 7 1 The Ancient Greek Dialects 9 1.1 The Coming of the ‘Greeks’ to Greece 9 1.2 The Earliest Records: Mycenaean Greek 10 1.3 Greek Dialect Relations and the Place of Mycenaean 13 1.4 Some Examples 24 1.4.1 Some basic dialect characteristics 24 1.4.2 West Greek 28 (a) Laconian 28 (b) Cretan 29 (c) Elean 30 (d) Phocian 31 1.4.3 Aeolic 32 (a) Boeotian 32 (b) Thessalian 33 (c) Lesbian 34 1.4.4 East Greek 36 (a) Arcadian 36 (b) Ionic 37 (c) Attic 40 2 Classical Greek: Official and Literary ‘Standards’ 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 The Language of Homer and its Influence 44 2.2.1 Ionian epic 44 2.2.2 Ionian elegy and iambus 49 2.2.3 Personal lyric 50 2.2.4 Choral lyric 53 2.2.5 Athenian drama 56 2.3 Official and Literary Ionic 60 3 The Rise of Attic 67 3.1 Attic as a Literary Standard 67 3.2 ‘Great Attic’ as an Administrative Language 73 4 Greek in the Hellenistic World 79 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 The Koine as an Extension of Great Attic 80 4.3 The Impact and Status of the Koine 83 4.4 The Fate of the Ancient Greek Dialects 84 4.4.1 Introduction 84 4.4.2 Koineization: the case of Boeotian 84 4.4.3 Doric koines: Tsakonian 87 4.5 The Koine in the Hellenistic Kingdoms 88 4.6 The Koine as an Official Language 89 4.6.1 Introduction 89 4.6.2 Macedonian Koine: the development of infinitival constructions 90 4.6.3 The articular infinitive 94 4.7 Language and Literature in the Hellenistic World: The Koine as a Literary Dialect 96 4.7.1 Introduction 96 4.7.2 Historiography: Polybius 97 4.7.3 The Koine as the language of technical prose 98 4.7.4 Reaction against the Koine: Hellenistic poetry 98 4.7.5 Reaction against the Koine: Asianism and Atticism 99 4.7.6 Popular literature: romances 100 4.7.7 Drama: the ‘new’ Attic comedy and the mime 101 4.7.8 Jewish literature: the Septuagint 106 4.8 Clitic Pronouns and the Shift Towards VS Word Order 108 4.9 Analogical Pressure on the Strong Aorist Paradigm 109 4.10 The Spoken Koine: Regional Diversity 110 4.10.1 Introduction 110 4.10.2 Egypt 111 4.10.3 Asia Minor 113 4.11 Private Inscriptions and Papyri: Some Major Trends 114 4.11.1 Introduction: datives, future periphrases, the nom-acc plural of consonant-stems 114 4.11.2 Phonological developments 117 4.11.3 Other morphological developments: partial merger of the 1st and 3rd declensions 120 4.12 Conclusion 122 5 Greek in the Roman Empire 124 5.1 Roman Domination 124 5.2 The Fate of Greek 125 5.3 The Impact of Bilingualism: Greek and Latin in Contact 126 5.4 Roman Attitudes to Greek Culture 132 5.5 Atticism and the Second Sophistic 133 5.6 Atticist Grammars and Lexica: Aelius Aristides 137 5.7 The Official Koine in the Roman Republican Period 141 5.8 Past-Tense Morphology 143 5.9 Official Writing of the Roman Imperial Period 144 5.10 ‘Colloquial’ Literature 146 5.10.1 Epictetus 146 5.10.2 The New Testament 147 5.11 Later Christian Literature: Stylistic Levels 152 5.11.1 The Apostolic Fathers 152 5.11.2 The impact of Atticism 155 5.11.3 Callinicus and Theodoret 156 6 Spoken Koine in the Roman Period 160 6.1 Introduction 160 6.2 Summary of the Principal Developments in the Vowel System 160 6.3 Some Illustrative Examples 163 6.3.1 Athenian Attic 163 6.3.2 Egyptian Koine 165 6.4 The Development of the Consonant System 170 6.5 Some Egyptian Texts 172 6.5.1 Letter 1: clitic pronouns and word order, control verbs with i{na ['ina]-complements 172 6.5.2 Letter 2: ‘short’ 2nd-declension forms, the merger of aorist and perfect 174 6.5.3 Letter 3: the decline of 3rd-declension participles 178 6.5.4 Letter 4: the decline of the dative 183 6.6 Conclusion 187 Part II Byzantium: From Constantine I to Mehmet the Conqueror 189 7 Historical Prelude 191 7.1 The Later Roman Empire 191 7.2 The Age of Transition: Ioustinianós and the Arab Conquests 194 7.3 The Middle Byzantine Period: Iconoclasm, Renaissance and Decline 197 7.4 The Late Byzantine Period: Stabilization, Defeat and Fall 200 8 Greek in the Byzantine Empire: The Major Issues 207 8.1 Introduction 207 8.2 Greek and Other Languages in the Early Byzantine Period 207 8.3 The Prestige of Greek 210 8.4 Greek in the Later Empire 212 8.4.1 Introduction 212 8.4.2 Byzantine Atticism 213 8.4.3 The first experiments with the vernacular 214 8.4.4 The vernacular literature of the 14th and 15th centuries 216 8.4.5 The romances 217 8.4.6 Other vernacular material 219 8.5 ‘The Koine’ in Byzantium 220 8.5.1 The inheritance from antiquity 220 8.5.2 Academic and ecclesiastical Greek 220 8.5.3 Official and administrative Greek 221 8.5.4 Practical writing in the middle period 222 8.5.5 Chronicles 222 8.5.6 Christian exegetical literature and hagiography 225 8.5.7 A new written standard in the later empire 226 8.6 The Balkan Sprachbund: Future Formations 227 8.7 Conclusion 229 9 Byzantine Belles Lettres 231 9.1 Introduction 231 9.2 The Early Period: Prokópios (First Half of the 6th Century) 231 9.3 The Middle Period: Michaél Psellós (1018–1078 or 1096) 233 9.4 The Modal Imperfect 237 9.5 The Late Period: Anna Komnené (1083–c.1153) 238 9.6 After the Fall: Michaél Kritóboulos (15th Century) 240 9.7 Conclusion 242 10 The Written Koine in Byzantium 244 10.1 Introduction 244 10.2 Chronicles in the Early and Middle Periods 245 10.2.1 Malálas (c.491–c.578): generics 245 10.2.2 Theophánes the Confessor (c.760–818) 251 10.3 Hagiography and Exegetical Works 253 10.3.1 Ioánnes Móschos (c.550–619) 253 10.3.2 St Germanós (c.640–733) 256 10.4 Paraenetic Literature of the Middle Period 258 10.4.1 Konstantínos VII Porphyrogénnetos (905–59) 258 10.4.2 Kekauménos (11th century) 262 10.5 The Metaphrases of the Palaiologan Period 264 10.6 Academic Greek in the Late Period: Máximos Planoúdes (c.1255–c.1305) 268 10.7 Official Greek of the Later Empire 270 10.8 Conclusion 271 11 Spoken Greek in the Byzantine Empire: The Principal Developments 273 11.1 Introduction 273 11.2 The Completion of Sound Changes Beginning in Antiquity 274 11.3 Grammatical Consequences of Aphaeresis 277 11.4 Old and New Patterns of Subordination: Clitic Pronouns and VSO Order 277 11.5 Dialect Diversity in Medieval Greek 281 11.6 Later Phonetic and Phonological Developments 281 11.7 Nominal Morphology and Syntax 284 11.7.1 The dative case, prepositional phrases 284 11.7.2 Feminine nouns of the 1st declension: paradigm standardization 285 11.7.3 Masculine nouns of the 1st declension: paradigm standardization 286 11.7.4 Interplay between the 1st and 3rd declensions: imparisyllabic paradigms 286 11.7.5 Neuters 288 11.7.6 The definite article 289 11.7.7 Adjectives 289 11.7.8 Pronouns 292 (a) Indefinite pronouns 292 (b) Interrogative pronouns 293 (c) Relative pronouns 293 (d) Demonstrative pronouns 295 (e) Personal pronouns 296 11.8 Verb Morphology and Syntax 296 11.8.1 The infinitive 296 11.8.2 Participles 297 11.8.3 Futures and conditionals, pluperfects and perfects 298 11.8.4 The spread of k-aorists: the aorist passive 302 11.8.5 Imperfective stem formation 303 (a) The fate of the -mi [-mi] verbs 303 (b) Nasal suffixes 305 (c) The suffixes -avzw [-'azo]/-ivzw [-'izo] 307 (d) The suffix -euvw [-'evo] and its influence: verbs in -ptw [-pto] 312 (e) The contract verbs 313 11.8.6 Personal endings 316 (a) Indicative and subjunctive 317 (b) Past-tense morphology: active and aorist middle/ passive; the augment 318 (c) The active paradigm: present tense 319 (d) The middle/passive paradigm: present tense 320 (e) The middle/passive paradigm: the imperfect 320 11.9 Conclusion 323 12 Texts in the ‘Vernacular’ 325 12.1 The Early and Middle Periods 325 12.1.1 Introduction 325 12.1.2 The Protobulgarian inscriptions 325 12.1.3 Acclamations: origins of the ‘political’ verse form 327 12.2 Vernacular Literature of the 12th Century 333 12.2.1 The epic of Digenés Akrítes 333 12.2.2 Ptochopródromos 337 12.3 The 14th and 15th Centuries: The Palaiologan Court and Frankish Rule 342 12.3.1 The original romances of the Palaiologan period 342 12.3.2 Greek–Romance contact: perfects/pluperfects, negative polarity, clitics 345 12.3.3 The Chronicle of the Morea 349 12.3.4 The translated romances 357 12.4 The First Dialect Literature: Cyprus and Crete 360 12.4.1 Introduction 360 12.4.2 Early dialect literature in Cyprus: Machairás’ chronicle 362 12.4.3 Early vernacular literature in Crete 366 12.5 Conclusion 368 Part III Modern Greek: From the Ottoman Empire to the European Union 371 13 Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence 373 13.1 The Early Years 373 13.2 Ottoman Decline 374 13.3 Revolution and Independence 377 14 Spoken Greek in the Ottoman Period 379 14.1 The Impact of Turkish 379 14.2 The Spoken Dialects of Modern Greek 381 14.2.1 Introduction: diversification, and the basis for a modern spoken standard 381 14.2.2 Local vernaculars in the central region; Sofianós’ grammar and the educated standard 384 14.2.3 Greek in the west: the South Italian dialects 388 14.2.4 Greek in the south and south-east: the Dodecanese, Cyprus and Crete 391 14.2.5 Greek in the east: Pontus and Cappadocia 398 14.2.6 The northern dialects 404 14.3 Popular Culture in the Turkish Period: The Folk Songs 406 15 Written Greek in the Turkish Period 413 15.1 Continuity 413 15.2 The Impact of the Enlightenment 419 15.3 Contemporary ‘Demotic’ 423 15.4 The Roots of the ‘Language Question’ 426 16 The History of the Modern Greek State 428 16.1 Irredentism: Triumph and Disaster 428 16.2 Dictatorship and War 431 16.3 Recovery, the Colonels and the Restoration of Democracy 433 17 The ‘Language Question’ and its Resolution 438 17.1 Koraís 438 17.2 The Roots of Demoticism: Solomós and the Ionian Islands 442 17.3 The Rise of Katharévousa 445 17.4 Reaction: Psycháris and the Demoticist Programme 446 17.5 The Progress of Demoticism 454 17.6 The 20th Century: Crisis and Resolution 456 17.7 Standard Modern Greek 462 17.8 A Range of Styles 466 Bibliography 471 Index 493

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 1 Icons Used in This Book 2 Where to Go from Here 2 Chapter 1: Wrapping Your Mind around the Characters of the Arabic Alphabet 3 A Brief History of the Arabic Language and Its Alphabet 3 What? No Vowels? 4 Connecting the Different Forms of the Letters 4 Why Learn to Write Arabic? 5 Strategies for Learning to Write Arabic Letters 6 Set goals 6 Chapter 2: The Write Stuff 7 Traditional Writing Utensils and Mediums 7 Your Best Options — Pencil and Paper 8 A Fountain of Fonts 8 There’s More than One Way to Write 9 Long Live Cursive Writing! 9 Write, review, rinse, repeat 10 Chapter 3: Characters and Symbols to Practice 11 The Short Vowels 70 Additional Symbols 71 The Long Vowels 72 Phrases in Arabic 73 The Numbers 75 Appendix: Extra Practice Pages 77

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 3 Icons Used in This Book 3 Beyond the Book 4 Where to Go from Here 4 Part 1: Getting Started with Arabic 5 Chapter 1: The Arabic You Already Know 7 Taking Stock of What’s Familiar 7 Discovering the Arabic Alphabet 9 All about vowels 9 All about consonants 12 Speaking Arabic like a Native 14 Chapter 2: Taking a Closer Look at the Arabic Alphabet 15 Getting a Grasp on أبجد 16 Figuring Out the Transcription 16 Getting Better Acquainted with the Script 17 Chapter 3: Tackling Basic Arabic Grammar 27 Introducing Nouns, Adjectives, and Articles 28 Getting a grip on nouns 28 Identifying adjectives 29 Discovering definite and indefinite articles 33 Understanding the interaction between nouns and adjectives 35 Creating Simple, Verb-Free Sentences 37 To be or not to be: Sentences without verbs 37 Building sentences with common prepositions 39 Using demonstratives and forming sentences 41 Forming “to be” sentences using personal pronouns 43 Creating negative “to be” sentences 44 “To be” in the past tense 46 Working with Verbs 47 Digging up the past tense 47 Examining the present tense 51 Peeking into the future tense 54 Examining irregular verb forms 55 Chapter 4: Getting Started with Basic Expressions 59 Greeting People Appropriately 59 Saying hello 60 Bidding goodbye 61 Asking how someone is 61 Responding that you’re doing well 62 Making Introductions 64 Asking “What’s your name?” 64 Responding with the possessive “My name is . . . ” 64 Saying “It’s a pleasure to meet you!” 64 Talking about Countries and Nationalities 65 Asking “Where are you from?” 66 Saying “I am from . . . ” 66 Shooting the Breeze: Talking about the Weather 68 Chapter 5: Getting Your Numbers, Dates, and Measurements Straight 73 Talking Numbers 74 Referring to Days and Months 76 Size Matters: Measuring in Arabic 79 Chapter 6: At the Office and Around the House 81 Managing the Office Environment 81 Interacting with your colleagues 83 Giving orders 87 Supplying your office 88 Life at Home 91 Part 2: Arabic in Action 97 Chapter 7: Getting to Know You: Making Small Talk 99 Asking Key Questions 100 Talking about Yourself and Your Family 102 Making Small Talk on the Job 106 Staying in Touch by Phone and Email 108 Chapter 8: Asking Directions and Finding Your Way 111 Focusing on the “Where” 111 Asking “where” questions 112 Answering “where” questions 112 Getting Direction about Directions 114 Asking for directions 114 Could you repeat that? 116 Using command forms 118 Discovering Ordinal Numbers 120 Chapter 9: Taking Care of Business and Telecommunicating 123 Making a Call: Phone Basics 124 Beginning a phone conversation 124 Asking to speak to someone 125 Planning while on the Phone 127 Making social plans 127 Making business appointments 129 Leaving a Message 131 Dealing with voice mail 131 Leaving a message with a person 132 Sending and Getting Emails 133 Sending an email in Arabic 134 Sending an email in English 134 Following proper etiquette 135 Chapter 10: This Is Delicious! Eating In and Dining Out 137 Consuming Food: All about Mealtime 137 Starting the day off with breakfast 138 Eating lunch 143 Supping at dinner 148 Enjoying a Meal at Home 149 Dining Out 149 Perusing the menu 150 Placing your order 152 Finishing your meal and paying the bill 154 Chapter 11: Going Shopping 157 Going to the Store 157 Browsing the merchandise 158 Getting around the store 159 Getting to know the verb “to search” 161 Asking for a Particular Item 163 Comparing Merchandise 166 Comparing two or more items 167 Picking out the best item 169 More than a Few Words about Buying and Selling 171 Shopping for Clothes 174 Chapter 12: Hitting the Town 179 Telling Time in Arabic 179 Specifying the time of day 181 Specifying minutes 182 Visiting Museums 187 Going to the Movies 193 Touring Religious Sites 197 A few rules to keep in mind 197 The Hajj 198 Chapter 13: Enjoying Yourself: Recreation, Music, and the Outdoors 201 Starting Out with the Doing Verb 201 Sporting an Athletic Side 204 Going to the Beach 208 Playing Musical Instruments 210 Talking about Hobbies 211 Part 3: Arabic on the Go 215 Chapter 14: Planning a Trip 217 Choosing Your Destination 217 Picking the Right Time for Your Trip 224 Tackling Packing 227 Preparing Your Travel Documents 228 Using a Travel Agency 232 Chapter 15: Dealing with Money in a Foreign Land 235 Going to the Bank 235 Opening a bank account 236 Making deposits and withdrawals 244 Using the ATM 244 Exchanging Currency 245 Getting to know the currencies around the world 246 Making exchanges 247 Chapter 16: Getting Around: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles 251 Traveling by Plane 251 Making reservations 252 Getting some legwork out of the verb “to travel” 255 Registering at the airport 256 Boarding the plane 259 A brief departure on the verb “to arrive” 260 Going through immigration and customs 261 Getting Around on Land 266 Hailing a taxi 266 Taking a bus 268 Boarding a train 270 Chapter 17: Finding a Place to Stay 273 Choosing the Right Accommodations 274 Discussing minor room details 277 Getting to know direct object pronouns 279 Making a Reservation 281 Figuring out the price 281 Indicating the length of your stay 284 Subjecting you to subjunctive verbs 286 Checking In to the Hotel 289 Checking Out of the Hotel 291 Chapter 18: Handling Emergencies 295 Shouting Out for Help 295 A little help with the verb “to help” 297 Lending a hand 298 Getting Medical Help 300 Locating the appropriate doctor 300 Talking about your body 300 Explaining your symptoms 302 Getting treatment 303 Acquiring Legal Help 304 Part 4: The Part of Tens 307 Chapter 19: Ten Ways to Pick Up Arabic Quickly 309 Watch Arabic Television 309 Use the Dictionary 310 Read Arabic Newspapers 310 Surf the Internet 311 Streaming Services 311 Listen to Arabic Music 311 Sing Arabic Songs 312 Make Arabic-Speaking Friends 312 Watch Arabic Movies 312 Eat at a Middle Eastern Restaurant 313 Chapter 20: Ten Favorite Arabic Expressions 315 مرحبا بكم 316 ممتاز! 316 الحمد لله 317 إن شاء الله 317 مبروك! 318 بإذن الله 318 بالصحة 318 تحيات 319 مبلغ 319 تبارك الله 319 Chapter 21: Ten Great Arabic Proverbs 321 الأمثال نور الكلام 321 اعمل خيرا وألقه في البحر 322 اطلبوا العلم من المهد إلى اللحد 322 يد واحدة لا تصفّق 322 الحرباء لا يغادر شجرته حتى يكون يؤكدا على شجرة أخرى 322 خطأ معروف أحسن من حقيقة غير معروفة 323 السرّ مثل الحمامة: عندما يغادر يدي يطير 323 العقل للنظر والقلب للسمع 323 كل يوم من حياتك صفحة من تاريخك 323 اللي فاتك بليلة فاتك بحيلة 324 Part 5: Appendixes 325 Appendix A: Mini-Dictionaries 327 Appendix B: Verb Tables 341 Appendix C: Answer Key 355 Index 361

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“One noticeable quality that sets the work apart from other textbooks is its implicit tracing of the evolution of generative theory.” - LINGUIST List 33.1498Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments xiii Part 1 Preliminaries 1 1 Generative Grammar 3 0. Preliminaries 3 1. Syntax as Science – the Scientific Method 4 2. Syntax as a Cognitive Science 12 3. Models of Syntax 13 4. Competence vs. Performance 13 5. A Clarification on the Word “Language” 15 6. Where Do the Rules Come From? 16 7. Choosing among Theories about Syntax 25 8. The Scientific Method and the Structure of this Textbook 25 9. Conclusion 26 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 27 General Problem Sets 29 Challenge Problem Sets 35 2 Parts of Speech 43 0. Words and Why They Matter to Syntax 43 1. Determining Part of Speech 44 2. The Major Parts of Speech: N, V, Adj, and Adv 47 3. Open vs. Closed; Lexical vs. Functional 50 4. Subcategories and Features 52 5. Conclusion 58 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 58 General Problem Sets 59 Challenge Problem Sets 63 3 Constituency, Trees, and Rules 67 0. Introduction 67 1. Rules and Trees 70 2. How to Draw a Tree 84 3. Modification and Ambiguity 90 4. Constituency Tests 91 5. Constituency in Other Languages 93 6. Conclusion 98 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 98 General Problem Sets 99 Challenge Problem Sets 107 4 Structural Relations 113 0. Introduction 113 1. The Parts of a Tree 114 2. Dominance 116 3. Precedence 119 4. C-command 122 5. Grammatical Relations 126 6. Conclusions 129 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 129 General Problem Sets 131 Challenge Problem Sets 138 5 Binding Theory 141 0. Introduction 141 1. The Notions Coindex and Antecedent 143 2. Binding 144 3. Locality Conditions on the Binding of Anaphors 146 4. The Distribution of Pronouns 148 5. The Distribution of R-expressions 148 6. Why Does Binding Theory Matter to Syntacticians 149 6. Conclusion 151 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 151 General Problem Sets 152 Challenge Problem Sets 154 Part 2 The Base 159 6 X-bar Theory 161 0. Introduction 161 1. Bar-level Projections 163 2. Generalizing the Rules: The X-bar Schema 168 3. Complements, Adjuncts, and Specifiers 170 4. Some Definitional Housekeeping 179 5. Parameters of Word Order 180 6. Drawing Trees in X-bar Notation 182 7. Conclusion 199 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 200 General Problem Sets 201 Challenge Problem Sets 209 7 Extending X-bar Theory to Functional Categories 213 0. Introduction 213 1. Determiner Phrases (DPs) 214 2. A Descriptive Tangent into Clause Types 217 3. Complementizer Phrases (CPs) 221 4. Tense, Perfect, Progressive and Voice Phrases 223 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 234 General Problem Sets 236 Challenge Problem Sets 238 8 Constraining X-bar: Theta Theory 243 0. Introduction 243 1. Some Basic Terminology 244 2. Thematic Relations and Theta Roles 245 3. The Lexicon 250 4. Expletives and the Extended Projection Principle 252 5. Conclusion 253 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 254 General Problem Sets 255 Challenge Problem Sets 259 9 Theta Grids and Functional Categories 265 0. Introduction 265 1. Complementizers 266 2. Determiners 269 3. Using Theta Grids for English Auxiliaries 273 4. Main verbs vs. Auxiliaries 284 5. Conclusion 287 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 287 General Problem Sets 288 Challenge Problem Sets 292 Part 3 Movement 295 10 Head-to-Head Movement 297 0. Introduction 297 1. Verb Movement (V → T) 300 2. T Movement (T → C) 314 3. Do-support 317 Appendix: Determining if a Language has V → T Movement 318 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 318 General Problem Sets 319 Challenge Problem Sets 324 11 DP Movement 331 0. Introduction 331 1. A Puzzle for the Theory of Theta Roles 332 2. Passives 337 3. Case 341 4. Raising: Reprise 345 5. Passives: Reprise 347 6. Inherently Passive Verbs: Unaccusatives 348 7. DP Movement in SVO vs. VSO Languages 351 8. Conclusion 353 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 353 General Problem Sets 354 Challenge Problem Sets 360 12 Wh-movement and Locality Constraints 365 0. Introduction 365 1. Movement in Wh-questions 366 2. Relative Clauses 375 3. Islands 379 4. The Minimal Link Condition 382 5. Echo Questions (Wh-in-situ) in English 386 6. Conclusion 387 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 388 General Problem Sets 389 Challenge Problem Sets 392 13 A Unified Theory of Movement 395 0. Introduction 395 1. Move 397 2. Explaining Cross-linguistic Differences 400 3. Scope, Covert Movement, and the MLC 404 4. Conclusion 406 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 407 General Problem Sets 407 Challenge Problem Sets 408 Part 4 Advanced Topics 411 14 Ditransitives 413 0. Introduction 413 1. The Problem of Ditransitive Verbs 414 2. The Active Voice Head 415 3. Object Shift 417 4. Ditransitives: Reprise 422 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 426 General Problem Sets 426 Challenge Problem Sets 428 15 Raising, Control, and Empty Categories 429 0. Introduction 429 1. Raising vs. Control 430 2. Two Kinds of Raising, Two Kinds of Control 438 3. Control Theory 443 4. Another Kind of Null Subject: “Little” pro 446 5. Conclusion 447 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 447 General Problem Sets 448 Challenge Problem Sets 450 16 Ellipsis 453 0. Ellipsis 453 1. LF-copying or PF-deletion 455 2. Antecedent-Contained Deletion and Pseudogapping 461 3. Conclusion 464 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 464 General Problem Sets 466 Challenge Problem Sets 468 17 Advanced Topics in Binding Theory 471 0. Introduction 471 1. Levels of Representation 472 2. The Definition of Binding Domain 473 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 479 General Problem Sets 479 Challenge Problem Sets 481 18 Polysynthesis, Incorporation, and Non-configurationality 483 0. Introduction 483 1. Polysynthesis 484 2. Incorporation 486 3. Scrambling and Non-configurationality 487 4. Conclusion 495 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 495 General Problem Sets 496 Challenge Problem Sets 497 19 Merge 499 0. Introduction 499 1. External Merge 500 2. Internal Merge 505 3. Conclusion 506 Ideas, Rules, and Constraints Introduced in this Chapter 507 General Problem Sets 507 Challenge Problem Sets 508 Conclusions and Directions for Further Study 509 References 511 Index 521

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Illustrations xiii Acknowledgments xxi Preface xxix About the Companion Website xxxi PART I: KEY CONCEPTS IN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION, COMPREHENSION, AND ACQUISITION 1 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE SCIENCE 3 2 SPEECH PRODUCTION AND COMPREHENSION 39 3 WORD PROCESSING 83 4 SENTENCE PROCESSING 145 5 DISCOURSE PROCESSING 191 6 REFERENCE 245 7 NONLITERAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING 271 8 DIALOGUE 309 9 LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD 331 10 READING 377 11 BILINGUAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING 421 12 SIGN LANGUAGE 455 PART II: LANGUAGE DISORDERS 489 13 APHASIA 491 14 DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE DISORDER 529 15 LANGUAGE AND AUTISM 563 16 LANGUAGE DYSFUNCTION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA 605 Index 647

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Book SynopsisPeter Collins is a retired Professor of Linguistics from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. He has published more than a hundred academic books, articles and book chapters. His research interests include English grammar, World Englishes (particularly Australian English), and corpus linguistics.Carmella Hollo is a retired Lecturer in Linguistics from the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Her teaching has concentrated in the areas of English grammar, introduction to linguistics courses and historical linguistics.Table of ContentsPART A Grammatical Description 1. Introduction 2. A Preliminary Overview 3. Nouns and Noun Phrases 4. Verbs and Verb Phrases 5. Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions and Associated Phrases 6. Clause Structure and Clause Type 7. Subordination and Coordination 8. Subordination and Coordination PART B Looking at Language in Context 9. From Separate Sentences to Connected Text 10. Text and Context 11. Text Analysis – Putting It All Together.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding Digital Literacies Second Edition provides an accessible and timely introduction to new media literacies. This book equips students with the theoretical and analytical tools with which to explore the linguistic dimensions and social impact of a range of digital literacy practices. Each chapter in the volume covers a different topic, presenting an overview of the major concepts, issues, problems, and debates surrounding it, while also encouraging students to reflect on and critically evaluate their own language and communication practices.Features of the second edition include: expanded coverage of a diverse range of digital media practices that now includes Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, Tinder, and WhatsApp; two entirely new chapters on mobility and materiality, and surveillance and privacy; updated activities in each chapter which engage students in reflecting on and analysing their own media use; e-resourcTrade Review"Not only the best overview of the area; Understanding Digital Literacies, Second Edition is also a virtual handbook on how do good and not harm in the digital age." James Paul Gee, Arizona State University, USA"Thoroughly updated with newly written chapters, this new edition weaves together important and up-to-date materials highlighting the dynamism of texts and practices in mobile and social media that did not even exist when the first edition was published. A much-anticipated and timely second edition of a popular text!"Carmen Lee, Chinese University of Hong Kong"I know the first edition of this book inside out. This second edition brings digital literacies bang up to date, with new discussions on topics ranging from algorithms, chatbots and fake news, to mobility, surveillance and Zoom. A comprehensive and critical guide that is both authoritative and entertaining, combining innovative theory with engaging activities and illuminating case studies."Caroline Tagg, The Open University, UKTable of ContentsList of illustrations AcknowledgementsPreface to 2nd EditionChapter 1 Mediated MePart I Digital ToolsChapter 2 Information EverywhereChapter 3 Reading and Writing in Digital Contexts Chapter 4 MultimodalityChapter 5 Online Language and Social InteractionChapter 6 Mobility and materialityChapter 7 Critical Digital Literacies Part II Digital PracticesChapter 8 Online Cultures and Intercultural CommunicationChapter 9 Games, Learning and LiteracyChapter 10 Social (and ‘Anti-Social’) MediaChapter 11 Collaboration and Peer ProductionChapter 12 Surveillance and privacyAfterwordReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisâArabiyyat al-Naas fii MaSr (Part One) offers a ground-breaking introduction to Arabic as it is written and spoken by native speakers.It combines a progressive and rigorous grounding in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), the register employed for reading, writing and formal speaking, with an innovative integration of the dominant Egyptian variety. Introducing the two simultaneously and seamlessly building on their shared features, âArabiyyat al-Naas fii MaSr (Part One) uses each in its proper context: Egyptian dialect for conversations and MSA for reading and writing activities. In this way, the course efficiently prepares students for the practical realities of learning and living Arabic today.Features include: Expanded grammar explanations and activation drills, including discussions about colloquial and formal similarities and differences A series of authentic video-clips recorded in Egypt to help learners revise the vocabulary and structures then learn unit by unit Extensive classroom activities and homework exercises that provide constant review to reinforce learning Arabic-English and English-Arabic glossaries, reference charts, and a grammar index Songs with simple lyrics tied to the themes of the course to help advance vocabulary acquisition and understanding of basic grammatical structures A companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/weatherspoon) that features fully integrated interactive, self-correcting exercises, audio and video materials, and additional online course management and grading options for teachers A user-friendly and vibrant text design with full colour, richly illustrated throughout with over two hundred illustrations and photos A teachers manual with an Arabic introduction for the teacher, which lays out the structure of the student course book, its methodology and directions and suggestions for its use. Written by experienced teachers of Arabic and experts in Arabic teaching pedagogy, âArabiyyat al-Naas fii MaSr (Part One) is an essential resource for students beginning to learn Arabic. Trade Review"Arabiyyat al-Naas fii MaSr is an added value to the field of teaching Arabic as a foreign language. It provides language learners with a functional language in its cultural context. Compared to other textbooks, the listening, reading, grammar and the drills, in this textbook, are well designed and will bring students to the intermediate low level as it intends. This book stands beyond many Arabic textbooks which are used internationally." Abdellah Chekayri, Assosciate Professor in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Al Akhawayn University, Morocco"It is very important to me to be able to integrate both fusha and colloquial into the classroom. At the same time, I often feel that a large part of my role in teaching first year Arabic lies in helping to humanize Arabic speakers for my non-Arab, non-Muslim students, and this book does an excellent job of presenting a sympathetic approach to the Arab world. In addition, teaching in colloquial – because of the natural warmth and spontaneity of the language – may just help to make learning Arabic a bit less intimidating for our first year students. Because so many of our language teachers are most comfortable with the Egyptian dialect, I think that an Egyptian version of Arabiyyat al-Naas will be a fabulous addition to our teaching toolkit." Nancy A. Coffin, Senior Lecturer and Director of the Arabic Program at Princeton University, United States of America Table of ContentsTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroduction UNIT 1: ARABIC ALPHABET AND NUMBERSLesson 1: I am a Student - انا طالب The Letters: أ، ن، ا، ط، ل، ب، س، ةThe Numbers: 1-10Vocabulary: أنا، طالب/طالبة، بطاطس، لبنانGrammar: The Arabic sentence (انا طالب)Lesson 2: I am from.... – انا من .... The Letters: م، د، ي، و، ر، ف، تThe Numbers: 11-20Vocabularyدولة، مدينة، ليبيا، سوريا، السودان، اليمن، طرابلس، بيروت، فلوريدا، بريطانيا، فرنسا في، من،Lesson 3: The city of ….is big or small? - مدينة .... كبيرة ولا صغيرة؟ The Letters: ج، ك، ص، غ، ش، ق The Numbers: 10-100Vocabulary: كبير/كبيرة، صغير/صغيرة، شمال، جنوب، شرق، غرب، مصر، دمشقGrammar: Introduction of the Construct Lesson 4: The Weather - الجوّ The Letters and Diacritics: خ، ح، ث، ع، ء، فتحة، كسرة، ضمّةThe Numbers: 21-30Vocabulary: الصيف، الخريف، الشتاء، الربيع، جو، بارد، حار، ثلج، مطر، شمس، السعودية، عُمان، عمان، العراق، بغدادGrammar: The Definite Article الـ; Sun and Moon Letters – الحروف الشمسيّة والقمريّةLesson 5: Is the Weather cold in April? – الجوّ بارد في شهر أبريل؟ The Letters: هـ، إ، لا، اً، ى (الف مقصورة)The Numbers: 100 and aboveVocabulary: شهر (شهور)، سنة (سنوات)، النهار ده، يوم (أيام)، الاحد، الاثنين، الثلاثاء، الأربعاء، الخميس، الجمعة، السبتGrammar: Negation – (مش/ما فيش)Lesson 6: I live in an apartment – أنا ساكن في شقّة The Letters and Diacritics: ض، شدّة، سكونVocabulary: ساكِن، بيت، شقّة، أوضة، بيت طلبة، بعيد عن، قريب من، هو، هي Grammar: Noun-Adjective AgreementLesson 7: I have one brother – عندي أخ واحد The Letter: ئVocabulary: عائلة، أب، أمّ، أخ، أُخت، عنده، عندها، عندك، كم، اسم (اسمه، الخ..)، عُمر Grammar: Possession (my, your, his, hers); Possession with عند; كم + the SingularLesson 8: My sister is an engineer and has three children! – 62أُختي مُهندسة وعندها ثلاث أولاد! The Letters: ذ، ظ Vocabulary: أستاذ/أستاذة، طبيب/طبيبة، دكتور/دكتورة، مهندس/مهندسة، مهندس/كمبيوتر، سكرتير/سكرتيرة، مكتب، مدرسة، جامعة، بنك، مُستشفىGrammar: The Singular, Dual and PluralLesson 9: I have an Arabic Lesson at 10 O’clock! عندي درس عربي الساعة عشرة! The Letter: ز Vocabulary رياضيات/اقتصاد/ ساعة، دقيقة، نص، ربع، ثلث، نص وخمسة، نص إلا خمسة، درس، كيمياء، فيزياء، عربي، أدَب إنجليزي، أحياء، تاريخ، هندسةGrammar: Number-Noun (Dis-)agreement Lesson 10: The Arab Countries and their Capitals – الدول العربيّة وعواصمها Review of Letters and Diacritics; Note on writing non-Arabic namesVocabulary review; عاصمة (عواصم) Grammar: More on the iDaafa Construct – الإضافةالوحدة الثانية: أهلاً وسهلاً في القاهِرة!SECOND UNIT: WELCOME TO CAIRO!الدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثانيالنصّ الأوّل: مُشاهدة (Video): عنواني في مصر ولّا في أمريكا؟!النصّ الثاني: استماع (Audio): في مطار القاهرةقَواعِد (Grammar)Plural Pronouns; Plural Possessionالدرس الثالثالنصّ الأوّل: استماع (Audio): مايا جونسون (Maya Johnson)النصّ الثاني: قراءة (reading): عائلة مايا (Maya’s Family)قَواعِد (Grammar)Noun-Adjective Agreement; Non-human Pluralsالدرس الرابعالنصّ الأوّل: قراءة (ٍReading): بطاقة تأشيرة دخولالنصّ الثاني: مواعيد وصول الطائراتقَواعِدThe Nisba Adjective (النسبة); Arabic Equational Sentences (no verb to be in the present tense)الدرس الخامس-كلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّة - Unit Wrap-up and Additional ExercisesSociolinguistic Corner (طائرة/طيّارة)الوحدة الثالثة: التاكسيالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مُشاهدة: على فين في القاهرة؟قَواعِدExpressing "to want" in Egyptian Arabic (مصري) الدرس الثالثالنصّ الأوّل: استماع: رحلة مايا من أمريكا لمصرالنصّ الثاني: استماع: عيلة "أمجد"قَواعِدThe past tense verb, stemsالدرس الرابعالنصّ الأوّل: قراءة-مواعيد قطارات خطّ القاهرةالنصّ الثاني: المُدن المصريّةالدرس الخامس-كلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةقراءة: خدمات "اوبر" في القاهرة (Uber taxi services in Cairo)قواعدReview of negation in مصري Sociolinguistic corner قَطَر/قِطار كلمات متقاطعة (Crossword puzzle)الوحدة الرابعة: الفُندُقالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليها الدرس الثاني-مُشاهدة-أوضة بحمّام طبعاً!قَواعِدPossession: عندي vs. معيالدرس الثالثالنصّ الأوّل: استماع: زعلانة ليه؟النصّ الثاني: قراءة- فنادق القاهرةقَواعِدArabic Root Typesالدرس الرابع-قراءة:مذكّرات مايا (Maya’s Diary)قَواعِدHollow Verb Conjugation in the Past Tense; Definiteness possession and noun-adjective agreementالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّة قراءة: بيت الشباب ”ميراميس“ (ميراميس هوستل)قواعدGrammar Review: Noun-adjective phrases/iDaafa/Equational SentencesSociolinguistic Corner: معي/معايالوحدة الخامسة: جواز السفرالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاأغنية (Song): البيت الأبيض بابه أحمرالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة-جواز سفري ضاع!قَواعِدMore on the Active Participleالدرس الثالثاستماع: اسمك بالكامل لو سمحتِ!قَواعِدSound and Broken Plural Patternsالدرس الرابعالنصّ الأوّل: قراءة: مطار القاهرة الدولي - صندوق المفقوداتالنصّ الثاني: مذكّرات مايا – Maya’s DiaryقَواعِدDirect Objects and Object Pronoun Suffixesالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّة Sociolinguistic Corner: The Past Tense (الفعل الماضي) in فصحى and مصريكلمات متقاطعةالوحدة السادسة: المطعمالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: فيه مطعم قريب؟قَواعِدThe Comparativeالدرس الثالث-استماع: كل حاجة موجودة في مطعم أم حسن!قَواعِدThe Present Tense (المُضارع)الدرس الرابعالنصّ الأوّل: قراءة: مطار القاهرة الدولي - صندوق المفقوداتالنصّ الثاني: مذكّرات مايا قَواعِدThe Particle أن in فُصحى; The Particle أنّ; Adjectives with إضافة phrasesالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّة قراءة: مطعم قدّروةSociolinguistic Corner: The Present Tense (الفعل المضارع) in فصحى and مصري; Expressing "To Want" in both فصحى and مصريالوحدة السابعة: السكنالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: حَتسكني فين؟قَواعِدMore on the Present Tense in مصري: The prefix ب; Verb Negationالدرس الثالثالنصّ الأوّل-استماع: عندك أوضة للإيجار؟النصّ الثاني-استماع: كام الإيجار في الشهر؟قَواعِدRoot Types: Doubled Roots in مصريالدرس الرابعالنصّ الأوّل: قراءة: للإجارالنصّ الثاني: مذكّرات مايا Note about آ (alif madda)قَواعِد Negation of the present tense (المُضارع) in فُصحى; Expressing the Future in فصحى; More uses of أنْ, The Case System in فُصحىالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّة أغنية: حبّيتك وباحبّك وحاحبّك على طول (محمّد عبد المطّلب)قواعدMore on Plural Patternsالوحدة الثامنة: المواصلاتالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: أروح وسط البلد إزّاي؟قَواعِدThe particle إنّالدرس الثالثاستماع: التاكسي المُميّزقَواعِد The Superlative; More examples ofإعراب (the فصحى case system); Relative clauses modifying indefinite nounsالدرس الرابع-قراءة: مذكّرات مايا قَواعِدVerb-subject (dis)agreement in فُصحىالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّة قراءة: تاكسي النيلGrammar Review: The Comparative and Superlative; Roots and familiesSociolinguistic Corner: أنّ/إنّ ; ليس/مِشالوحدة التاسعة: الجوّالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليها الدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: إزّاي الجو في أمريكا؟قَواعِدRelative clauses modifying definite nouns ; The Resumptive (or Returning) Pronoun (الضمير العائد)الدرس الثالث-استماع: هنا في مصر الشتاء يعني المطر!قَواعِد: قبل ماالدرس الرابع-قراءة: مذكّرات مايا قَواعِدRoot Types: Assimilated Roots; Negation of the past tense in فصحى; Dual agreementالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةقَواعِدNoun and Adjective Stemsكلمات مُتقاطعةSociolinguistic Corner: جه- ييجي in مصري and جاء-يجيء in فصحىالوحدة العاشرة: العائلة والمهنالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني- مشاهدة: كم أخ وأخت عندك يا مايا؟قواعدMore on the present tense (المُضارع) in مصريالدرس الثالث-استماع: أنا خايف ريم ما بتذاكرش كويّس!قواعدRoot Types: Final-weak Rootsالدرس الرابع: مذكّرات ماياقواعِدأن لا; Case endingsالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةالوحدة رقم ١١: الدراسةالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: حتدرسي ايه بالضبط؟قواعدExpressing Possession in the Past Tense with كان; بتاع، بتاعة، بتوع; Note on Stress in مصريالدرس الثالث-قراءة: جامعات عربية قديمةقواعدPassive Voice in فصحى; مِن أقدَمالدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياقواعدأمّا... ف; Moods of the Present Tense Verbالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةقراءة: الجامعة الأمريكيّة بالقاهرةقواعِد: قبل ماSociolinguistic corner: Relative Pronounsالوحدة رقم ١٢: الأعياد والمناسباتالدرس الأوّل: أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: بتعرفي حاجة عن عيد الأضحى!قواعدRoot Types: Summaryالدرس الثالثالنصّ الأوّل-استماع: انتو المصريّين بتحتفلوا بأعياد كثيرة!النصّ الثاني: قراءة: الاحتفال بأعياد الميلادقواعدReview of إنّ/أنّ and أنْالدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياقواعدقَد; The Forms of the Arabic Verb; Forms I and VIIIالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةSociolinguistic Corner: بدأت تنتشر; Relative Pronouns; Arabic equivalents of English thatالوحدة رقم ١٣: التسوّقالدرس الأوّل: أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: في سوق التوفيقية في وسط البلد.قواعد: اثنين كيلو، أربعة دولارالدرس الثالث-استماع: قميص قُطن ولّا جلّابيّة؟قواعِدThe Imperative in مصريالدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياPast Tense Negation with لم; Form II and IVالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةاستماع: بكم رغيف العيش لو سمحت؟؛ كلمات متقاطعةSociolinguistic Corner: على راسيالوحدة رقم ١٤: الأكل والصحّةالدرس الأوّل: أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: الفتة لذيذة قوي!قواعد: شاربةالدرس الثالث-استماع: كلّنا أكلنا الفتة وما تعبناش!قواعد: عيّانة، تعبانةالدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياقواعد: تفعّل واستفعل (Forms V and X)الدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةقواعِدThe use of كان to express past and future actions and statesقِراءة: كلمات أجنبيّة دخلت العربيّةالوحدة رقم ١٥: الرياضة والهواياتالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: ايه رياضتك المفضّلة؟الدرس الثالثالنصّ الأوّل-قراءة: التعرّف على شباب وشابّات.النصّ الثاني-قراءة: زين الدين زيدانقواعدThe Verbal Noun (المصدر)الدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةقواعدThe Conjunction ف; Looking up words in the dictionaryكلمات متقاطعةالوحدة رقم ١٦: أسئلة غريبةالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: انتِ مخطوبة ولّا لسّه؟قواعد: بقى لك قدّ ايه؟الدرس الثالث-استماع: بتدرسي عربي عشان بتحبي المحشي؟قواعد: شَكله مصري، شكلها مصريّةالدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياقواعدهل; More on verb negation in فُصحىالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةSociolinguistic Corner: حبّ-يحبّ، أحَبّ-يُحِبّالوحدة رقم ١٧: زيارة مناطق أخرى الدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: المعادي والزمالك زيّ أمريكا وأوروبا، ولّا لأ؟قواعد: حتوحشيني؛ Form VIII of Assimilated Rootsالدرس الثالث- قراءة: الإسكندريّةالدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياقواعد: أعجبني؛ اسم الفاعل واسم المفعول (the active and passive participle)الدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةقواعدNegation in فصحى and مصريالوحدة رقم ١٨: زيارة فلسطينالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-مشاهدة: أصلي من مدينة يافا.الدرس الثالث-قراءة: القُدسقواعد: افتعل (Form VIII)الدرس الرابع-مذكّرات ماياقواعدPast Tense Negation with لَم and Hollow Root Verbs; Form VII (انفعل)الدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةالوحدة رقم ١٩: انطباعات ماياالدرس الأوّل-أهمّ كلمات الوحدة وتمارين عليهاالدرس الثاني-انطِباعات مايا-الجُزء الأوّلقواعد: كُنت قَد +فعل؛ لم يستطيعواالدرس الثالث-انطِباعات مايا-الجُزء الثانيقواعد: تفاعل (Form VI)الدرس الرابع-انطِباعات مايا-الجُزء الثالث والأخيرقواعدVerb Form Summaryالدرس الخامسكلمات الوحدة؛ مراجعة وتمارين إضافيّةIndex of Grammatical TermsGlossary

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Book SynopsisFrom Singapore to Scotland, Canada to the Channel Islands, Namibia to New Zealand and beyond, International English takes you on a fascinating journey through the varieties of English spoken around the world. Comparisons across the varieties provide a comprehensive guide to differences in phonetics, phonology, grammar and vocabulary, making this a useful resource for teachers of English as a foreign language and linguistics students alike. This sixth edition has been thoroughly updated to include the following: new sections on the Death of RP, Estuary English, Multicultural London English, the Dublin accent and Fijian English; updated material on RP phonology, New Zealand English phonology, Australian English lexis, North American English lexis and the Northern Cities Chain Shift; revised and updated references and bibliography. This textbook comes with free-to-download MP3 files at www.routledge.com/9781138233Trade Review'A clear, accessible and well-written guide to the major Englishes of the globe, keeping pace with developments in the field, embracing newly described varieties, yet concise and focussed - the essential starting point for students of varieties of English.'David Britain, University of Bern, Switzerland'Ever wonder how English differs from place to place? From the UK to the US, South Africa and Fiji, readers will learn local pronunciations, word choices (gumboots vs. wellingtons), grammatical differences (got vs. gotten), and politeness techniques (thanks vs. please). It’s like taking a trip around the world!'Sali A. Tagliamonte, University of Toronto, Canada'This slim volume contains an impressive amount of detail about different forms of English as used around the world. ... Overall, this is an excellent, compact resource with a price which reflects the research it contains.'Val Hamilton, Freelance reviewer, Nethy Bridge, UKTable of Contents Standard English in the world English, Australasian, South African and Welsh English The pronunciation of Northern American English English and North American English: grammatical, orthographical and lexical differences Scottish and Irish English West Indian English and English-based creoles Lesser-known Englishes Second language varieties of English GlossaryBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Tough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time? Textbook too Pricey?Fortunately, thereâs Schaumâs. More than 40 million students have trusted Schaumâs to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaumâs is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. You also get hundreds of examples, solved problems, and practice exercises to test your skills. Schaumâs Outline of Spanish Grammar, Seventh Edition is packed with clear, logical explanations that will help you build linguistic competency in Spanish. This updated edition provides expanded coverage of special verb forms and verb usages unique to Latin AmerTable of ContentsPreface Contents CHAPTER 1 Nouns and Articles Nouns Nouns ending in -o and -a. Nouns ending in -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre, -ción, and -sión. Nouns ending in -sis. Feminine nouns beginning with -a. Masculine nouns ending in -a. Nouns ending in -ista. Nouns ending in -e. Nouns that change gender. Irregular nouns ending in -o. Nouns that end in -or and -ora. Compound Nouns. Diminutives and augmentatives. Nouns ending in -ón. Foreign words. The Indefinite Article Uses of the Definite Article With general or abstract nouns. With titles. With languages. With days of the week and seasons. With parts of the body and articles of clothing. With weights and measures. Contractions of the definite article. Special Use of the Indefinite Article with ser A Personal Omission of the Indefinite Article CHAPTER 2 Adjectives Adjectives Ending in -o Adjectives Ending in -e Adjectives Ending in Consonants Adjectives of Nationality Special Adjectives Ending in a Consonant Apocopated Adjectives Adjectives of Color Comparative Superlative Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives Adjectives with -ísimo Comparative of Equality Comparative of equality with nouns Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers Formation of Nouns from Adjectives Possessive Adjectives Demonstrative Adjectives Expressions ¡Qué! ¡Tal! Formation of Adverbs CHAPTER 3 Verbs Formal versus Familiar Forms El voseo Present Tense Regular first conjugation verbs. Ir, dar, estar. Regular second conjugation verbs. Regular third conjugation verbs. Irregular verbs. First-class stem-changing verbs: e–ie, o–ue. Second-class stem-changing verbs: e–ie, o–ue. Third-class stem-changing verbs: e–i. Verbs ending in -uir. Special uses of the present tense. Imperfect Tense Regular -ar verbs. Regular -er and -ir verbs. Irregular verbs. Uses of the Imperfect Tense Continuing action. Mental activity. Description in the past. Reminiscing or stream of conciousness. Reminiscing. Stream of conciousness. With the time expression hacía. Preterite Tense Regular -ar verbs. Regular -er and -ir verbs. The verb dar. Second-class stem-changing verbs. Third-class stem-changing verbs. Verbs with y stem. Irregular verbs. Uses of the Preterite Completed past action. Verbs with special meanings. Differences between preterite and imperfect. Future Tense Ir a with infinitive. Regular verbs. Irregular verbs. Conditional Regular verbs. Irregular verbs. Special Uses of the Future and Conditional Indirect discourse. Compound Tenses Formation of the past participle. Present Perfect Pluperfect Preterite Perfect Future Perfect Conditional Perfect The Subjunctive Formation of the Present Subjunctive Regular verbs. Stem-changing verbs. Irregular verbs. Uses of the Present Subjunctive In noun clauses. With impersonal expressions. With expressions of doubt. Verbs like aconsejar, pedir, rogar. In relative clauses. After por... que. In indefinite expressions with ... quiera. The Imperfect Subjunctive Formation of the Imperfect Subjunctive Uses of the Imperfect Subjunctive In noun clauses. With impersonal expressions. In relative clauses. The Subjunctive with Adverbial Conjunctions Conjunctions of time. With aunque. Other conjunctions. Conjunctions of purpose. ¡Quizá(s)!, ¡Tal vez!. ¡Ojalá!. Quisiera. General note on the imperfect subjunctive. Present Perfect Subjunctive Pluperfect Subjunctive Si Clauses The Imperative Formal commands. Familiar commands. First-person plural command (let’s). The Present Participle Progressive Tenses Present progressive. Imperfect progressive. Reflexive Verbs Formation. Special note concerning reflexive verbs. Reflexive versus nonreflexive. Reciprocal verbs. Special Uses of the Infinitive After a preposition. After an auxiliary. As a noun. Passive Voice With ser. With se. CHAPTER 4 Negatives Making a Sentence Negative Common Negative Words Tampoco. Sino. Special Negative Expressions CHAPTER 5 Interrogatives Common Interrogative Words Cuál, cuáles. Cuál versus qué. CHAPTER 6 Pronouns Subject Pronouns Direct Object Pronouns Lo, los, la, las. Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns Me, te, nos. Indirect Object Pronouns Le, les. Le for les. Leísmo. Double Object Pronouns Me lo, te lo, nos lo. Se lo. Position of Object Pronouns With conjugated verbs. With infinitives. With present participles. With commands. Special Verbs with Indirect Objects Reflexive Pronouns With an indirect object pronoun. Prepositional Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Relative Pronouns Que. A quien, a quienes. El que, la que. With prepositions. Lo que. Cuyo. CHAPTER 7 Ser and estar With Predicate Nominative Origin versus Location Meaning “to take place.” Characteristic versus Condition Changes of Meaning Passive Voice CHAPTER 8 Por and para CHAPTER 9 Special Uses of Certain Verbs Acabar, acabarse. Acordarse de, recordar. Andar, ir, irse. Cuidar, cuidarse. Dar. Dejar. Hacer. Hacerse, llegar a ser, ponerse, volverse. Jugar, tocar. Pensar en, pensar de. Poner. Quedar. Saber, conocer. Servir para, servir de, servirse de. Tener. Volver, devolver, envolver. Answers to Exercises Special Grammar Considerations Verb Charts Companion Audio Recording

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Book SynopsisYour first-class ticket to building better Italian language skillsâand appreciating the diversity of Italian-speaking culture!From the bestselling Read & Think series, this fully illustrated premium third edition of Read & Think Italian brings the Italian language to life! In addition to introducing, developing, and growing key vocabulary, this book gives you an insiderâs look at the exciting diversity of life and culture in Italyâfrom a typical Italian workday and Italian wedding traditions to the glamorous world of Italian fashionâwith city tours of Rome, Venice, Naples and Verona along the way.Including more than 100 engaging articles written by native Italian speakers, each one provides a bilingual glossary on the same page, allowing you to learn without stopping to look up new or unfamiliar words. Each chapter contains several exercises to reinforce comprehension. This edition features streaming audio recordings of 35 readings (more than 2 hour

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Book SynopsisExpertly structured Student Book for AQA GCSE 2016 Spanish (foundation tier) for first teaching from 2016. Designed to help learners use language independently and to the best of their ability, with fresh and engaging content from the target language culture.

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Book SynopsisProvides students with extra practice covering all points of the Student Book

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents Practice test 1 with training activities Practice test 2 with tip strips Practice test 3 Practice test 4 Practice test 5 Practice test 6 Practice test 7 Practice test 8 Grammar bank Speaking bank Writing bank Visuals for speaking tests General questions

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Book SynopsisOral assessments are of vital importance to second language learners, but how can teachers and examiners best test L2 learner talk and interaction? Bringing together theory and research within the field of L2 oral proficiency, with the concept of L2 encompassing any language learned later than the early childhood years, this book provides a state-of-the art overview of what is at stake for L2 learners and examiners, and advice on how to approach testing and assessment. Using data and findings from empirical research to illustrate and discuss key topics, Testing Talk takes the reader step-by-step through the major concepts and issues in the oral assessment of second languages, with a main focus on L2 English. Investigating and explaining the most important educational and interactional issues facing both examiners and test-takers, such as the factors which come into play during speaking tests, the differences between common test formats, and the challenge of ens

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Book SynopsisAn inspiring guide to the practices of contemporary experimental creative writing, this book explores experimentation within both traditional writing genres and ''post-genre'' modes such as hybrid texts, Non-creative writing, textual materiality, creative re-purposing, performance and new media technologies. Combining the practices, history, social context, and philosophical backgrounds of experimental work with a broad anthology of models in-book and online, Experimental Writing gives you the toolkit of techniques and skills to confidently engage with forms previously perceived as intimidating so that you can reinvigorate your craft. In addition, the book includes sections on new approaches to the workshop model, emphasis on community and collaboration, and institutional critique. These chapters will provide you with a big picture perspective and the motivation to question the templates you work within, giving you the where-with-all to shape your own ideals for writing, no m

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Book SynopsisUsing side-by-side pairings of first drafts and final versions, including full-page reproductions from the poets' personal notebooks, as well as an insightful essay on each poem's journey from start to finish, The Art of Revising Poetry tracks the creative process of twenty-one of the United States' most influential poets as they struggle over a single word, line break, or thought. This behind-the-scenes look into the creative minds of working poets, including African American, Latino, Asian American, and Native poets from across the US, is an essential resource for students practicing poetry, and for instructors looking to enliven the classroom with real world examples. Students learn first-hand from the deft revisions working poets make, while poetry teachers can show in detail how experienced poets self-edit, tinker, cut, rearrange, and craft a poem. The Art of Revising Poetry is a must-have for aspiring poets and poetry teachers at all levels.Trade ReviewThe Art of Revising Poetry is excellent, rigorous, useful, diverse, and entertaining by turns. Content and style are of the highest caliber. There is no question that this book is a compelling addition to anthologies of writing in contemporary US poetry and poetics, demystifying and diversifying ideas about the all-too-important process and method of revision. This is a wonderful companion and ally for engaged writers and readers in the academy and beyond. * Dr Heather Yeung, Lecturer in English Literature and Creative Writing, University of Dundee, UK *Table of ContentsPoet Biographies Introduction: Charles Finn & Kim Stafford. SECTION I: "I riffed, following the language where it led" Chapter 1: Bedtime Story, Joe Wilkins, Linfield University, USA. First Draft: "My Son Asks for the Story About When We Were Birds" Final Draft: "My Son Asks for the Story About When We Were Birds" Essay: Finding the Language, Finding Story: Revising "My Son Asks for the Story About When We Were Birds" Chapter 2: When Thought's Slope Steepens, Jane Hirshfield, Author and Poet. First Draft: "Counting, New Year's Morning, What Powers Yet Remain to Me" Final Draft: "Counting, This New Year's Morning, What Powers Yet Remain to Me" Essay: Stepladder, Vinegar, Persimmons: Revising "Counting, This New Year's Morning, What Powers Yet Remain to Me" Chapter 3: Increasing The Stakes, CMarie Fuhrman, Western Colorado University, USA. First Draft: "Land Acknowledgment, Valley County, Idaho" Final Draft: "Land Acknowledgment, Valley County, Idaho" Essay: Rhythm, Repetition, and the Drumbeat of Poetry: Revising "Land Acknowledgment, Valley County, Idaho" Chapter 4: Researching The Mystery, Jimmy Santiago Baca, Author and Poet. Passage from First Draft: "River Run" Passage from Third Draft: "River Run" Essay: What it Took to Get Here: Revising "River Run" Chapter 5: Creating a More Beautiful Story, Sean Prentiss, Norwich University, USA. Intermediated Draft: "The Constellations of Slate Belt, Pennsylvania" (with notes) Final Draft: "The Constellations of Slate Belt, Pennsylvania" Essay: Without Myths or Constellations: Revising "The Constellations of Slate Belt, Pennsylvania" Section II: "My first draft was a word tornado" Chapter 6: Inheritance, Frank X Walker, University of Kentucky, USA. First Draft: "InHerit" Final Draft: "InHerit" Essay: Revisions in Life and Poetry, Revising "InHerit" Chapter 7: A Matter of Inquiry, Rose McLarney, Auburn University, USA. First Draft: "The Collectors of Local Minerals Are Likelier to Find What They Seek" Final Draft: "The Collectors of Local Minerals Are Likelier to Find What They Seek" Essay: Identifying Gems: Revising "The Collectors of Local Minerals Are Likelier to Find What They Seek" Chapter 8: Gift From an Older Self, Naomi Shihab Nye, Texas State University, USA. Final Draft: "Tears, Appropriate" Essay: Gravity Changes: Revising "Tears, Appropriate" Chapter 9: A Poem's Truest Expression, Yona Harvey, University of Pittsburgh, USA. First Draft: "Hickory Street, New Orleans" Final Draft: "Hickory Street, New Orleans" Essay: True Expression as the Last Trolley Stop: Revising "Hickory Street, New Orleans" Chapter 10: An Inward Dissection, Terry Tempest Williams, Harvard Divinity School, USA. Original Prose Paragraph: "When Women Were Birds" Revision Into Poetry: "When Women Were Birds" Essay: Once Upon A Time: Revising "When Women Were Birds" SECTION III: "It felt clunky, false, but I knew I was close" Chapter 11: To See Again, Paulann Petersen, Stanford University, USA. Intermediate Draft: "A Furrier's Grandchild" Final Draft: "A Furrier's Grandchild" Essay: I Hear the Poem Speak For Itself: Revising "A Furrier's Grandchild" Chapter 12: Radiant Associations, Philip Metres, John Carroll University, USA. First Draft: "Ashberries: Letters" Final Draft: "Ashberries: Letters" Essay: Letters I Must Wait to Open: Revising "Ashberries: Letters" Chapter 13: An Act of Faith, Abayomi Animashaun, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, USA. First Draft: "Exodus" Final Draft: "Exodus" Essay: Discipline and Unknowing: Revising "Exodus" Chapter 14: Removing Details, Tami Haaland, Montana State University Billings, USA. First Draft: "Deer on Crazy Creek" Final Draft "Deer on Crazy Creek" Essay: Making the Local Exact: Revising "Deer on Crazy Creek" Chapter 15: Forging Something New, Charles Finn, Author and Poet. First Draft: "Memory's Anvil" Final Draft: "Memory's Anvil" Essay: The Winch of Imagination: Revising "Memory's Anvil" Chapter 16: Maintaining Fidelity, Shin Yu Pai, Author and Poet. First Draft: "Empty Zendo" Final Draft: "Empty Zendo" Essay: Emptying the Zendo: Revising "Empty Zendo" SECTION IV: "I asked my dreams." Chapter 17: What's at Stake, Kim Stafford, Lewis & Clark College, USA. Final Draft: "Lost in Snow" Essay: Getting More Intimate with Pain: Revising "Lost in Snow" Chapter 18: Zeroing in on Intent, Prageeta Sharma, Pomona College, USA. First Draft: "The Witness" Final Draft: "The Witness" Essay: The Poem's Psychic Center: Revising "The Witness" Chapter 19: In Thick Darkness we Listen, Shann Ray, Gonzaga University, USA. First Draft: "God of my abandonment" Final Draft: "God of my abandonment" Essay: Obscuring a Formidable Power: Revising "God of my abandonment" Chapter 20: The Serpentine Path, Todd Davis, Pennsylvania State University, USA. First Draft: "Tributary" Final Draft: "Tributary" Essay: Following a Tributary to Find a Poem: Revising "Tributary" Chapter 21: Dreaming Poetry, Beth Piatote, University of California, Berkeley, USA. First Draft: "Because our Roots are in Rivers, Not Latin" Final Draft: "Because our Roots are in Rivers, Not Latin" Essay: How Not to Write A Sonnet: Revising "Because our Roots are in Rivers, Not Latin" Index

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Book SynopsisOphelia's story in a way you've never heard it before, and seven more ways as well.Ophelia is trapped, stuck inside the machinery that has created her consciousness, fighting to be heard. Hamlet, overwhelmed by the ceaseless flood of media, mindlessly watches TV, consuming a mish-mash of beauty and horror; a daily soup of innocence and violence. The two of them hopelessly confined, and separated by the Atlantic Ocean.A polemic response to Heiner Mueller's Hamletmachine, Opheliamachine is a postmodern tale of love, sex and politics in a fragmented world of confused emotions and global, virtual sexuality. Since its premiere in 2013, Magda Romanska's celebrated experimental play has been performed and studied around the world, with each culture and language feeding into and responding to Opheliamachine's collage of modern existence.This edited collection brings together eight different translations of the play, offering English, GermaTrade ReviewDifficult comedy of ideas and ideologies. * The Hollywood Reporter *An uncompromising vision. . . . fiercely confrontational new play. * Los Angeles Times *Relentlessly provocative and challenging. * LA Weekly *Table of ContentsHow to Lose a Guy in Ten Wars: Introduction to Opheliamachine by Ilinca Todorut From Elsinore to American Techno-Solitude by Maria Pia Pagani, translated by Margaret Rose Production History Opheliamachine (English) Opheliamaschine (German) Ophéliemachine (French) Opheliamachine (Italian) La Máquina de Ofelia (Spanish) Opheliamachine (Japanese) Opheliamachine (Korean) Opheliamachine (Romanian) Maszynofelia (Polish) Bibliography

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Book SynopsisMaria Campbell is Director of Graduate Programmes in the School of Education at St. Angela's College, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.Deirdre Harvey is Postgraduate Coordinator in the School of Education at St. Angela's College, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.Mary Shanahan is Director of Religious Education in the School of Education at St. Angela's College, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

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