Developmental biology Books

Book SynopsisDefined as, “The science about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage,” embryology has been a mainstay at universities throughout the world for many years. Throughout the last century, embryology became overshadowed by experimental-based genetics and cell biology, transforming the field into developmental biology, which replaced embryology in Biology departments in many universities. Major contributions in this young century in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry and genomics were integrated with both embryology and developmental biology to provide an understanding of the molecular portrait of a “development cell.” That new integrated approach is known as stem-cell biology; it is an understanding of the embryology and development together at the molecular level using engineering, imaging and cell culture principles, and it is at the heart of this seminal book. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: From Molecular Embryology to Tissue Engineering is completely devoted to the basic developmental, cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It focuses on the basic biology of embryonic and cancer cells plus their key involvement in self-renewal, muscle repair, epigenetic processes, and therapeutic applications. In addition, it covers other key relevant topics such as nuclear reprogramming induced pluripotency and stem cell culture techniques using novel biomaterials. A thorough introduction to stem-cell biology, this reference is aimed at graduate students, post-docs, and professors as well as executives and scientists in biotech and pharmaceutical companies.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The Introduction by the two editors is clearly telling the aim of such a bible, to cover from the basic aspects of molecular embriology dealing with the stemness cellular capacity … till the new challenging opportunities of tissue engineering. I think the price of the book (€ 170) is worthy enough for what the reader will get. … a book with all the figures in colour, this is a great help while looking at cytology, histology or entangled graphs!” (Carlo Alberto Redi, European Journal of Histochemistry, Vol. 55, 2011)Table of ContentsSection 1: Stem Cell Biology.- Introduction to Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine.- Embryonic Stem Cells: Discovery, Development, and Current Trends.- Bmi1 in self-renewal and homeostasis of pancreas.- Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors.- Adipose-derived stem cells and skeletal muscle repair.- Regeneration of sensory cells of adult mammalian inner ear.- Stem Cells and Their Use in Skeletal Tissue Repair.- Section 2: Epigenetic and microRNA Regulation in Stem Cells.- Epigenetic identity in cancer stem cells.- Function of MicroRNA-145 in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency.- Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Liver Regeneration.- Section 3: Stem Cells for Therapeutic Applications.- The Role of Time-Lapse Microscopy in Stem Cell Research and Therapy.- Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells.- Gastrointestinal stem cells.- Lung epithelial stem cells.- Placental Derived Stem Cells, Potential Clinical Applications.- Bone Marrow Cell Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Clinical Trial Review.- Stem cell Transplantation to the Heart.- Adult Neural Progenitor Cells and Cell Replacement Therapy for Huntington’s Disease.- Migration of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells in Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases.- Prospects for neural stem cell therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.- Section 4: Nuclear Reprogramming and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.- Nuclear transfer ES cells as a new tool for basic biology.- Pluripotent stem cells in reproductive medicine: Formation of the human germ line in vitro.- Prospects for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes.- Keratinocyte induced pluripotent stem cells: from hair to where?.- Generation and Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Pig.- Induced pluripotent stem cells, on the road toward clinical applications.- Direct reprogramming of human neural stem cells by the single transcription factor Oct 4.- Section 5: Tissue Engineering.- Stem cells and biomaterials: the tissue engineering approach.- Micro-technology for stem cell culture.- Using Lab-on-A-Chip Technologies for Stem cell Biology.- The Development of Small Molecules and Growth Supplements to Control the Differentiation of Stem Cells and the Formation of Neural Tissues.- Long-term propagation of neural stem cells: Focus on 3D culture systems and mitogenic factors.- Section 6: Regenerative Medicine.- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine in Urology.- Muscle derived stem cells: a model for stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine.- Regenerative strategies for cardiac disease.- Collecting, Processing, Banking and Use of Cord Blood Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook describes the biology of different adult stem cell types and outlines the current level of knowledge in the field. It clearly explains the basics of hematopoietic, mesenchymal and cord blood stem cells and also covers induced pluripotent stem cells. Further, it includes a chapter on ethical aspects of human stem cell research, which promotes critical thinking and responsible handling of the material.Based on the international masters program Molecular and Developmental Stem Cell Biology taught at Ruhr-University Bochum and Tongji University Shanghai, the book is a valuable source for postdocs and researchers working with stems cells and also offers essential insights for physicians and dentists wishing to expand their knowledge.This textbook is a valuable complement to Concepts and Applications of Stem Cell Biology, also published in the Learning Materials in Biosciences textbook series.Trade Review“The books ... ‘compactly and concisely discuss a specific bio-topic based on lectures for upper-level undergraduates, master’s and graduate students’: this means that both beginners and well-trained students can benefit from reading this and other books in the same collection. ... All chapters are decorated by clear and well-designed color illustrations. I am pretty sure the book will meet the reader’s expectations.” (Manuela Monti, European Journal of Histochemistry, Vol. 64, 2020)Table of Contents1. Hematopoietic stem cells2. Mesenchymal stem cells 3. Cord blood stem cells 4. Induced pluripotent stem cells 5. Epigenetic regulation in somatic cell reprogramming 6. MET in reprogramming 7. Extracellular vesicles 8. Neural stem cells 9. Neural stem cell niche 10. Human pluripotent stem cells and neural regeneration 11. Organoids 12. Ethical aspects of human stem cell research

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Book SynopsisThis book is about morphogenesis as the genesis of forms. It is not restricted to plants growing from seed or animals developing from an embryo (although these do supply the most abundant examples) but also addresses kindred processes, from inorganic to social to biomorphic technology. It is about our morphogenetic universe: unplanned, unfair and frustratingly complicated but benevolent in allowing us to emerge, survive, and inquire into its laws.Table of ContentsMorphogenetic Universe.- Aggregation.- Broken Symmetry.- Life Evolves.- Cells in Motion.- Cells United.- Communication.- Biomorphic Technologies.

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Book SynopsisFor humankind, the most irreducible idea is the concept of life itself. In order to understand that life is essentially an infinite process, transmitted from generation to generation, this book takes the reader on a fascinating journey that unravels one of our greatest mysteries. It begins with the premise that life is a fact—that it is everywhere; that it takes infinite forms; and, most importantly, that it is intrinsically self-perpetuating. Rather than exploring how the first living forms emerged in our universe, the book begins with our first primordial ancestor cell and tells the story of life—how it began, when that first cell diversified into many other cell types and organisms, and how it has continued until the present day. On this journey, the author covers the fundaments of biology such as cell division, diversity, regeneration, repair and death. The rather fictional epilogue even goes one step further and discusses ways how to literally escape the problem of limited recourse and distribution on our planet by looking at life outside the solar system. This book is designed to explain complex ideas in biology simply, but not simplistically, with a special emphasis on plain and accessible language as well as a wealth of hand-drawn illustrations. Thus, it is suitable not only for students seeking for an introduction into biological concepts and terminology, but for everyone with an interest in the fundamentals of life at the crossroad of evolutionary and cell biology. Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells and Multicellular OrganismsFirst signs of life on Earth were most probably in form of unicellular organisms that rapidly diverged into different types while adapting to all conceivable environments. From those, the first eukaryotic cells appeared giving rise to the origin of multicellular organisms that after an unimaginable series of changes and adaptations ended in what we know today as fungi, plants and animals. This chapter explains how this long and complex process most probably happened in the last billions of years since the origin of life. Chapter 2. Multicellular Organisms Propagation The essential principle of life perpetuation through uninterrupted life cycles of individual organisms is described in detail. During this process, life flows by acquiring many forms such as the gametes formed by individuals, gamete fusion (egg fertilization), embryogenesis, growth and development, adulthood, sexual maturation and again, another cycle of life is initiated. Nevertheless, the key factor for this process to operate is based in the basic principle that individuals have a finite life span while life is propagated indefinitely. Chapter 3. Grow Fast and Well or Die Right after fertilization, most organism’s early growth and development in general needs to happen very quickly. Why? Because most organisms are autonomous life forms from the very beginning of their existence. In this chapter the main strategies for multicellular organisms to produce enough offspring that would contribute to the next generation and therefore to become fertile and procreate will be described. Most remarkable, despite of the evident diversity that exists among animal species (insects, mollusks, crustaceans, birds, reptile and mammals) the fundamental principles that apply during the reproductive process are very similar. Chapter 4. Why Do Animals Grow, Age and then Die? As simple as it sounds, the main purpose of the multicellular organism—that is, the body of an animal—is to ensure that life will continue by ensuring transfer into the next generation. Nonetheless, from the biological point of view, life is long enough for most organisms to have a chance to grow, mature, learn, have experiences, and mate with the right reproductive partner. If this last thing occurs, the organisms can produce descendants to enhance chances of perpetuation. Once this is finish, each organism has accomplished their main purpose and therefore their remaining time will depend on how fast age, become dysfunctional and die. Chapter 5. How Do Tissues Regenerate After an Injury? Tissues and organs naturally regenerate through the processes called tissue and organ homeostatic regeneration or physiological regeneration. We also know that different tissues undergo homeostatic regeneration at different speeds, and can be classified as having faster, medium, or slower regeneration rates. Now, the question is what happens to tissues’ capacity for regeneration after tissue injury (trauma). This type of post-traumatic regeneration is called pathological regeneration and it will depend of each tissue of how it regenerates or not by forming a scar tissue. Chapter 6. Epilogue: The Future of Humankind Could Depend on Unicellular Life It is very clear for most of us that life in our planet is becoming more and more restricted in terms of having enough resources to support everyone subsistence. This without question could cause in the near future a massive crisis for survival. But before this would happen we could have one or two more chances to survive. Our first option is to solve our population growth dynamics and the second is to prepare ourselves for a long trip to other words, outside our solar system. Both scenarios are considered to evaluate how we can contribute to the never-ending story of life.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide a unifying view of the role of pH in plant growth, taking into account molecular, biochemical, functional, structural, and developmental factors in such growth, as well as environmental processes involved in plant interaction with the biotic and abiotic environment.Table of Contents1. H+-ATPases in the Plasma Membrane: Physiology and Molecular Biology 2. H+-ATPase and H+-PPase in the Vacuolar Membrane: Physiology and Molecular Biology 3. The Cytoplasmic pH Stat 4. Confocal pH Topography in Plant Cells: Shifts of Proton Distribution Involved in Plant Signaling 5. pH as a Signal and Regulator of Membrane Transport 6. The Role of the Apoplastic pH in Cell Wall Extension and Cell Enlargement 7. Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Proton Movements in Plant Thylakoid Membranes 8. Dynamics of H+ Fluxes in Mitochondrial Membrane 9. H+ Fluxes in Nitrogen Assimilation by Plants 10. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism: A Special Case of pH Regulation and H+ Fluxes 11. Dynamics of H+ Fluxes in the Plant Apoplast 12. H+ Currents around Plant Roots 13. Role of pH in Availability of Ions in Soil 14. Regulation of Microbial Processes by Soil pH 15. The Role of Acid pH in Symbiosis between Plants and Soil Organisms 16. Distribution of Plant Species in Relation to pH of Soil and Water

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Book SynopsisThis monograph provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the complex interactions that take place between synaptic input, cellular properties, and the oscillatory output of a neural network, especially in the maturing or developing nervous system. Emphasis is placed on drawing a parallel betwTable of Contents"Clinical Observations of Respiratory Control: Challenges for Basic Research General Neurobiological Approaches to Central Control of Respiration Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Aspects of Chemical Synaptic Transmission Neuronal Signaling: Pathways and Protein Kinases Comparative Neurobiology of Invertebrate Motor Networks: Implications for the Control of Breathing in Mammals Cellular and Membrane Properties of Brainstem Neurons in Early Life The Development of Descending Spinal Pathways in the North American Opossum Neurophysiological Organization of Respiratory Neurons in Early Life Input to the CNS: Cellular Neurobiology and Integrated Behavior Morphological and Neurophysiological Aspects of Airway and Pulmonary Receptors Development of Pulmonary and Chest Wall Reflexes Influencing Breathing Laryngeal Reflexes: Integrated and Cellular Aspects How Do Arterial Chemoreceptors Work? Studies of Cells from the Carotid Body of the Rabbit Discharge Properties of Carotid Bodies: Developmental Aspects Central Respiratory Chemoreceptors: Cellular Mechanisms and Developmental Aspects Respiratory Motor Output: Cellular Function and Integrated Behavior Developmental Aspects of Diaphragm Muscle Cells: Structural and Functional Organization Functional Aspects of Human Muscles and Their Central Nervous System Interactions: Implications for Muscle Failure Integrated Response of the Respiratory Muscles to Load Neural Control of Airway Smooth Muscle in the Newborn Neurophysiological Basis for State-Dependent Respiratory Behavior State-Dependent Electrophysiological Changes in Central Nervous System Activity Respiratory Motor Output: Effect of State and Maturation in Early Life Hypoxia and Asphyxia: Cellular, Integrated, and Pathophysiological Aspects Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia: Integrated, Cellular, and Molecular Aspects Energy Metabolism and Ionic Homeostasis During Hypoxic Stress in the Developing Mammalian Brain Ionic Environment in the Central Nervous System and Effects of Hypoxia in Early Life Hypoxia and Neuropharmacology of Breathing Control of Breathing During Asphyxia and Autoresuscitation "

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Book SynopsisThis is the Second Volume of a five-volume set of atlases on the developing human central nervous system. With no other atlases available on the development of the human spinal cord and the brain during the third trimester, the first two volumes in the series fill a large void in current knowledge. Easy to use, the second volume contains high and low magnification photographs of brain sections arranged in two parts: a high resolution black and white image on the left and a ...ghost... image on the right page with unabbreviated labels. This volume provides a user-friendly survey of the complex structural changes that occur during late prenatal human brain development.Table of ContentsThis is the second volume of a five-volume set of atlases on the developing human central nervous system. With no other atlases available on the development of the human spinal cord and the brain during the third trimester, the first two volumes of the series fill a large void in current knowledge. Easy to use, the second volume provides low and high magnification photographs of brain sections arranged in two parts: a high resolution black and white image on the left and a ...ghost... image on the right page with unabbreviated labels. This volume provides a user-friendly survey of the complex structural changes that occur during late prenatal human brain development.

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Book SynopsisThe scope of the book is to highlight the diverse roles of cilia in human development and disease. Almost all cell types form cilia and although they were first detected about 200 years ago, their significance was unclear. In the past ten years, it has become obvious that cilia have got sensory functions, as well as roles in motility and their mis-formation or the deregulation of the signaling pathways they control has been associated with defective development and human disease. Although research has concentrated on the role of the cilium in each organ, no effort has been made so far to bring all this information together and relate it to the various human diseases. This book aims to gather all the expertise that has been acquired on primary cilia and translate it into a medical and research context that will be of interest to postgraduate students, researchers, medics and scientists.Table of ContentsCilia in the Brain – Development and Disease. Cilia in Lung Development and Disease. The Role of Cilia in Heart Development and Disease. Cilia in Kidney Development and Disease. The Role of Cilia in Pancreatic Development and Disease. The Role of Cilia in Skeletal Development and Disease. The Role of Cilia in Development and Disease of the Eye. The Role of Cilia in the Auditory System.

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Book SynopsisGap junction channels are a group of intercellular channels expressed in tissues and organs to synchronize many physiological processes. A gap junction channel is formed by the docking of two hemichannels, and each hemichannel is a hexamer of connexins. The field of gap junction channel and hemichannel research has recently exploded and became one of the most active areas of cell biology. Numerous novel approaches and techniques have been developed, but there is no single book dedicated to the unique techniques and protocols employed for the research on these large pore channels. This book fills the gap and focuses on protocols, approaches and reviews of gap junction channels and connexin hemichannels. It will be a useful reference for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers. Anyone with an interest in gap junction channels and hemichannels will need this summary of state-of-the-art techniques and protocols.Table of ContentsGap junction channels. Bioinformatics analysis of connexin genes. Structural approaches on gap junction channels. Fluorescent label of connexins. Functional study of gap junction channel gating. Quantitative measurement of dye transfer. Permeability. Pharmacology of gap junction channels. Gap junction mimetic piptides. Gap junction hemichannels. Dye uptake and ATP release. Functional study of hemichannel current. Connexin purification and reconstitution in lipid bilayers. Hemichannel function in the ovary. Pannexin channels. Functional study pannexin channels. Pannexin channels in vasculature. Pharmacology of pannexin channels. Dye uptake and ATP release.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the major accomplishments made in elucidating vitellogenic events at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular biological levels. It is helpful for researchers and students interested in reproduction of invertebrates.Table of ContentsBiosynthesis of Insect Yolk Protein Precursors: M. Takeda and A.S. Raikhel; The Cell Biology of Insect Yolk Protein Precursors Yolk and the Secretory Pathway: A.S. Raikhel et al.; Regulation of Yolk Protein Genes by Ecdysone: A.S. Raikhel et al.; Regulation of Yolk Protein Genes in Higher Diptera: Mary Bownes; Juvenile Hormone and Vitellogenin Gene Expression: Xavier Belles; Regulation of Tissue-specificity of Yolk Protein Gene Expression: David Martin and A.S. Raikhel; Receptor-mediated Endocytosis and Internalization Pathways of Yolk Proteins in Insects Oocytes: E. Snigievskaya and A.S. Raikhel; Yolk Protein Receptors in Invertebrate Oocytes: A.S. Raikhel et al.; Lipid Accumulation in Oocytes: Rick van Antwerpen et al.; Non-Vitellin Yolk Proteins: H. Masuda and Pedro Oliviera; Yolk Degrading Proteases: S. Takhashi and Y. Yamamoto; Biochemical and Ultrastructural Aspects of Vitellin Utilization during Embryogenesis: Franco Giorgi and Jack Nordin

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with reproduction of Amphibians belonging to three extant orders: Caecilians, Salamanders, Frogs and Toads. Separate chapters have been written for males and females; the chapters describe gonad structure and development, gametogenesis, urogenital connections, and reproductive tracts. The authors have provided a synthesis of the literature data and results of their own studies. The text is illustrated with original schemes and photographs and focuses on anatomy, histology, cytology, and molecular mechanisms that regulate gametogenesis and reproductive cycles. The first chapter is devoted to the origin of somatic and germ cells during formation of undifferentiated gonads. The last chapter deals with embryonic and postembryonic development, direct development, neoteny, and modifications of gametogenesis and meiosis in hybrids and polyploids (hybridogenesis and gynogenesis). The book will interest all reproductive biologists and biologists working on amphibians. Table of ContentsThe Undifferentiated Amphibian Gonad: Formation of gonads in amphibians. Spermatogeneiss and Male Reproductive System in Amphibia. Anura: Structure of testis in Anura; Sperm collecting ducts and urogenital connections; Spermatogenesis in Anura; Regulation of spermatogenesis in Anura. Spermatogenesis and Male Reproductive System in Amphibia. Urodela: Structure of testis in Urodela; Urogenital connections; Spermatogenesis in Urodela. Spermatogenesis and Male Reproductive System in Amphibia. Gymnophiona: Introduction; Structure of testis in Gymnophiona; Urogenital connections; Spermatogenesis in Gymnophiona; Age of sexual maturity; Hormonal control of spermatogenesis. Oogenesis and Female Reproductive System in Amphibia. Anura: Structure of ovaries in Anura; Female reproductive tract; Oogenesis in Anura; Regulation of oogenesis in Anura. Oogenesis and Female Reproductive System in Amphibia. Urodela: Structure of ovary in Urodela; Female reproductive tract; Oogenesis; Postovulatory ovary; Atretic follicles. Oogenesis and Female Reproductive System in Amphibia. Gymnophiona: Structure of ovaries in Gymnophiona; Female reproductive tract in Gymnophiona; Oogenesis in Gymnophiona; Hormonal control of reproduction. Development and Reproduction of Amphibian: Species, Hybrids, and Polyploids: Early devlopment; Postembryonic development; Direct development; Reproduction of larvae (neoteny); Hybridization; Polyploidy; Reproduction of hybrids and allopolyploids; Hybridogenesis; Development and viability of hybrid progeny.

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Book SynopsisCrustaceans adapt to a wide variety of habitats and ways of life. They have a complex physiological structure particularly with regard to the processes of growth (molting), metabolic regulation, and reproduction. Crustaceans are ideal as model organisms for the study of endocrine disruption and stress physiology in aquatic invertebrates. This book is an overview of the extensive research that has taken place over the recent years on issues of crustacean reproduction.Table of ContentsAn Overview; Phylogeny Biology and Ecology of Crustaceans (Phylum Arthropoda; Subphylum Crustacea; Aspects in Population and Aquaculture Genetics in Crustaceans; Reproduction of Crustaceans in Relation to Fisheries; Mating Behaviour; Endocrine Control of Female Reproduction; Male Reproductive Hormones; Nutrition in Relation to Reproduction in Crustaceans; Coordination of Reproduction and Molt in Decapods; Reproductive Biology and Growth of Marine Lobsters; Male and Female Reproduction in Penaeid Shrimps; Reproduction and Growth of Decapod Crustaceans in Relation to Aquaculture; The Crustacean Nephrops norvegicus: Growth and Reproductive Behaviour; Implementation of Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA), Cause & Effect Diagram, HACCP and ISO 22000 to the Reproductive Cycle of Crustaceans in Cultured Conditions

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Book SynopsisWould you drink milk from a cloned cow? Should we clone extinct or endangered species? Are we justified in using stem cells to develop cures? When will we clone the first human? Ever since Dolly the sheep, such questions have rarely been far from the public consciousness. Aaron Levine explains the science of cloning and guides readers around the thorny political and ethical issues that have developed.Trade Review"I highly recommend this book to everyone: I think it would be especially good as additional reading material for introductory genetics courses, bioethics and biomedical classes." * Scienceblogs.com *

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Book SynopsisLife is beautiful, ruthless, and very, very strange.In the evolutionary arms race that has raged on since life began, organisms have developed an endless variety of survival strategies. From sharp claws to brute strength, camouflage to venom—all these tools and abilities share one purpose: to keep their bearer alive long enough to reproduce, helping the species avoid extinction. Every living thing on this planet has developed a time-tested arsenal of weapons and defenses. Some of these weapons and defenses, however, are decidedly more unusual than others.In Strange Survivors, biologist Oné R. Pagán takes us on a tour of the improbable, the ingenious, and the just plain bizarre ways that creatures fight for life.Inside this funny, fascinating field guide to nature’s most colorful characters, you’ll meet killer snails, social bacteria, and an animal with toxic elbows. But Strange Survivors is more than a collection of curiosities—it is a love letter to science and an argument for the continuing relevance of this evolutionary battle as we face the threat of resistant bacteria and the need for novel medical therapies. Whether discussing blood-thinning bats and electric fish or pondering the power of cooperation, Pagán reveals the surprising lessons found in some of life’s natural oddities and how the tactics they employ to live might aid our own survival.Trade Review"This volume contains an engaging series of essays about Darwinian natural selection. This text would make for excellent supplemental reading in a lower level undergraduate course; it it is also ideally suited for the general reader. Summing Up: Highly recommended." —CHOICE magazine “Strange Survivors presents some of the most remarkable examples of animals’ survival mechanisms in an accessible, scientifically accurate, and humorous way. Reading this book was like sitting down to enjoy a chat on the wonders of the natural world with a close friend." —Marie McNeely, PhD, cofounder of People Behind the Science and Unfold Productions “Strange Survivors is technically accurate and isn't shy with scientific terms, but never in a manner that's intimidating or overbearing. This isn't fiction—you have to think as you read, but the reward is an increased understanding of the astonishing variety of life on Earth and the strategies species use to survive.” —Peter Cawdron, author of AnomalyTable of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1: The E Word Chapter 2: The Language of Life Chapter 3: It All Starts with a Spark Chapter 4: Unusual Suspects Chapter 5: The Fast and the Hangry Chapter 6: The Very Best Survival Tactic of Them All Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.Table of Contents1. Sind alle unsere Neugeborenen taub und blind?.- 2. Weltberühmt durch einen Irrtum? — einige Gedanken ver- anlaßt durch das Urteil der modernen Erblichkeitslehre über Haeckels „biogenetisches Grundgesetz“.- 3. Über.die Erbsünde vom biologischen Gesichtspunkt.- 4. Tierwert und Menschenwert.- 5. Über die Gleichstellung des Weibes mit dem Mann.- 6. Das neueste Lebens-Elixier.- 7. Erben die Söhne mehr Eigenschaften von der Mutter als vom Vater?.- 8. Seelenleben und Gesichtsausdruck.- 9. Der Beitrag der Kinder zur Erziehung der Eltern.

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Book SynopsisIn this authoritative three-volume reference work, leading researchers bring together current work to provide a comprehensive analysis of the comparative morphology, development, evolution, and functional biology of the skull.

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Book SynopsisJust as Darwin's ideas continue to propel the modern study of adaptation, so too Richard Owen's contributions fuel the interest in homology, organic form, and evolutionary developmental biology. This title offers his theory of the archetype and his views on species origins.Trade Review"I look at Owen's Archetypes as more than ideal, as a real representation as far as the most consummate skill and loftiest generalization can represent the parent form of the Vertebrata." - Charles Darwin, marginalia in his copy of On the Nature of Limbs"

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Book SynopsisTrade Review“Not only a very engaging book, but one that provokes thought. . . . Fuentes . . . offers what is, to my knowledge, the first comprehensive etiological view of the origins and evolution of belief as an essential component of the human niche.”—Luis Oviedo, ESSSAT News & ReviewsAwarded the Popular Book Award sponsored by the International Society for Science and Religion“A wholly impressive look at how our capacity for belief evolved, with fresh insights, especially about early Homo sapiens. I found Fuentes’ case studies on religion, economics, and love fascinating.”—Barbara J. King, author of Evolving God“We are the believing species. Much of what we are and what we do is driven by belief of one kind or another. Agustin Fuentes, a gifted writer and teacher, helps us understand both the power and role of belief in this brilliant book. Why We Believe is an exciting intellectual tour through culture, neurobiology, prehistory, religion, economies, love, war, and more. Read it to better know yourself and your species.”—Guy P. Harrison, author of At Least Know This: Essential Science to Enhance Your Life and Think: Why You Should Question Everything

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Book SynopsisThis monograph presents a general mathematical theory for biological growth. The author herein presents the first major technical monograph on the problem of growth since D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson’s 1917 book On Growth and Form.The emphasis of the book is on the proper mathematical formulation of growth kinematics and mechanics.Trade Review“Goriely’s book is self-contained and provides sufficient review of the background material necessary to understand the mathematics employed in the study of phenomena he describes. … Overall, the text is well written, richly illustrated, and enjoyable to read, although the monograph is lengthy. I applaud Prof. Goriely on his impressive text.” (Bhargav Karamched, SIAM Review, Vol. 61 (1), March, 2019)“The book grasps the conceptual and technical aspects underpinning the role of mechanics in the growth of biological tissues. It is the first major modern monograph on the subject, which synthesizes the research activity in this vivid field of the mathematics and mechanics of growth since now more than two decades. … The monograph is overall well-structured and rich in illustrations and will be accessible and appealing to readers with different interest and background, including life scientists … .” (Jean-François Ganghoffer, Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics JGSP, Vol. 49, 2018)“The book is very informative, it is written in an easy readable and intriguing way. It has a large reference list of 1369 bibliographic descriptions and a carefully prepared index. The book should be helpful for researchers who work in the multidisciplinary fields of theoretical biology, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, biophysics and applied mathematics.” (Svetoslav Markov, zbMATH 1398.92003, 2018)Table of ContentsBasic aspects of growth.- Mechanics and growth.- Discrete computational models.- Growing on a line.- Elastic rods.- Morphoelastic rods.- Accretive growth.- Membranes and shells.- Growing membranes.- Morphoelastic plates.- Nonlinear elasticity.- The kinematics of growth.- Balance laws.- Evolution laws and stability.- Growing spheres.- Growing cylinders.- Ten challenges.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisNature employs a wide variety of sex determining mechanisms and it is only comparatively recently that the tools have become available for these to be explored at the cellular and molecular levels.Trade Review"...The papers presented are of uniform high quality and this book is essential reading for any serious student of sex determination..." (Human Genetics, October 2002)Table of ContentsChair's Introduction (R. Short). Sex-determining genes in mice: building pathways (R. Lovell-Badge, et al.). Early gonadal development: exploring Wtl and Sox9 function (J. Guo, et al.). General Discussion I: The mechanism of action of SRY. Anomalies of human sexual development: clinical aspects and genetic analysis (E. Vilain). The molecular action of testis-determining factors SRY and SOX 9 (V. Harley). Concerted regulation of gonad differentiation by transcription factors and growth factors (T. Suzuki, et al.). General Discussion II. Evolution of the testis-determining gene - the rise and fall of SRY (Marshall Graves). A Comparative Analysis of vertebrate Sex Determination (A. Sinclair, et al.). Invertebrates may not be so different after all (D. Zarkower). The hormonal control of sexual development (M. Renfree, et al.). Genetic studies of MIS signalling in sexual development (S. Jamin, et al.) Social regulation of the brain: sex, size and status (R. Fernald). The battle of the sexes: opposing pathways in sex determination (H. Hung-Chang Yao, et al). General Discussion III: True Hermaphroditism and the Formation of the Ovotestis. The evolution of chromosomal sex determination (B. Charlesworth). The molecular genetic jigsaw puzzle of vertebrate sex determination and its missing pieces (G. Scherer). Expression-based strategies for discover of genes involved in testis and ovary development (P. Koopman, et al.). Final General Discussion. Index of Contributors. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisAs the lifespan of humans increases, research into aging and its related pathological conditions is gaining momentum. This book is the first to explain protein oxidation and the aging process, focusing on the connection between protein disturbances and the oxidative stress that cells continually undergo.Trade Review“With its discussion of current concepts linked to protein oxidation and its impact on aging and the pathology of certain age-related diseases, this book is an important contribution to the field. Students, researchers, scientists, and even clinicians will benefit from it.” (Doody’s, 10 January 2013) “The format and compartmentalised writing style make this an excellent compendium of knowledge for any researcher interested in assessing our state of knowledge of protein oxidation and ageing. It is easy to find out about the current state of knowledge about a specific reaction, product, method, and/or disease and follow this up by accessing the extensive list of references.” (Chemistry & Industry, 1 July 2013)Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Wiley Series on Protein and Peptide Science xi Preface xiii 1 Oxidative Stress and Protein Oxidation 1 1.1 The Large Variety of Protein Oxidation Products, 7 1.1.1 Primary Protein Oxidation Products, 7 1.1.1.1 Carbon-Centered Radicals, 9 1.1.1.2 Thiyl Radicals, 13 1.1.1.3 Aromatic Ring-Derived Radicals, 13 1.1.1.4 Transfer between Sites, 16 1.1.2 Reactive Compounds Mediating in Protein Oxidation, 18 1.1.2.1 Hydroxyl Radical, 20 1.1.2.2 Superoxide Radicals, 21 1.1.2.3 Hydrogen Peroxide, 24 1.1.2.4 Lipid Peroxyl Radicals, 24 1.1.2.5 Alkoxyl Radicals, 24 1.1.2.6 •NO and Peroxynitrite, 25 1.1.2.7 Hypochlorous Acid, 30 1.1.3 Enzymatic Systems Playing a Role in Protein Oxidation, 31 1.1.3.1 NADPH Oxidase, 32 1.1.3.2 Lipoxygenases, 35 1.1.3.3 Protein Kinases, 35 1.1.3.4 Mixed-Function Oxidases, 36 1.1.3.5 Nitric Oxide Synthetase (NOS), 38 1.1.3.6 Myeloperoxidase, 41 1.1.3.7 Cyclooxygenase, 42 1.1.4 Protein Oxidation in Cells and Cellular Structures, 43 1.1.4.1 Protein Oxidation in Blood and Blood Cells, 43 1.1.4.2 Protein Oxidation of Glycolytic Enzymes and Mitochondria, 46 1.1.4.2.1 Glycolytic Enzymes, 48 1.1.4.2.2 Aconitase, 49 1.1.4.2.3 Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1, 49 1.1.4.3 Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, 49 1.1.4.4 Protein Oxidation in the Nucleus and Chromatin, 50 1.1.4.4.1 Histone Modifi cation, 50 1.1.4.5 Protein Oxidation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum, 52 1.1.4.6 Protein Oxidation in Peroxisomes, 54 1.2 Reversible Oxidative Modifi cations, 55 1.2.1 Methionine Sulfoxides and Methionine Modifi cations, 55 1.2.2 Cysteine Modifi cations and Disulfi de Bond Formation, 61 1.2.3 Surface Hydrophobicity Modifi cations, 64 1.3 Irreversible Oxidation Products, 64 1.3.1 Protein Oxidation and Enzymatic Posttranslational Modifications, 65 1.3.2 Deamidation and Transamination, 66 1.3.3 Protein Glycation and AGEs, 67 1.3.3.1 Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE), 75 1.3.3.2 Nε-Carboxymethyllysine and Nε-Carboxyethyllysine, 76 1.3.3.3 Pentosidine, 76 1.3.4 Racemization, 77 1.3.5 Nitrosylation, 77 1.3.6 Tyrosyl Radicals and Nitrotyrosines, 78 1.3.6.1 Dityrosines, 79 1.3.7 Protein Carbonyls, 80 1.3.8 Aldehyde–Protein Reactions, 81 1.3.8.1 MDA-Protein Adducts, 82 1.3.8.2 4-Hydroxy-2,3-Nonenal-Protein Adducts, 82 1.3.9 Cross-Linking of Proteins, 82 1.4 The Oxidation of Extracellular Matrix, Membrane and Cytoskeletal Proteins, 83 1.4.1 Collagen, 84 1.4.2 Elastin, 95 1.4.3 The Oxidation of Membrane Proteins, 97 1.4.4 Band 3, 97 1.4.5 Actin, 99 1.5 Mechanism and Factors Influencing the Formation of Protein Oxidation Products, 100 1.5.1 Redox Status, 101 1.5.2 Protein Turnover, 106 1.5.3 Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation (MCO), 107 1.5.4 Heat Shock Proteins, 109 1.6 Protein Aggregates: Formation and Specific Metabolic Effects, 111 1.6.1 Accumulation of Oxidized Proteins, 113 1.6.2 Lipofuscin and Ceroid, 115 1.7 Methods to Measure Protein Oxidation Products in Research Laboratories, 119 1.7.1 Determination of Methionine Sulfoxide Reduction and Methionine Oxidation, 120 1.7.2 Determination of Protein Glycation and Adducts, 121 1.7.3 Analysis of Isoaspartate Formation, 122 1.7.4 Measurement of Fragmentation, 122 1.7.5 Measurement of Tyrosine Oxidation, 123 1.7.6 Protein Carbonyl Measurement, 124 1.7.7 Radioactive Labeling Protocols for Proteolysis and Aggregation Measurements, 128 1.7.8 Standard Chromatographic Methods for the Measurement of Protein Modifi cations, 132 1.7.9 Liquid Chromatography Techniques Supported by Mass Spectrometry, 133 1.7.10 GC/MS, 134 1.7.11 Analysis of Protein-Bound 3-Nitrotyrosine by a Competitive ELISA Method, 134 1.7.12 Protein Oxidation Products as Biomarkers in Clinical Science, 135 References, 139 2 Removal of Oxidized Proteins 215 2.1 The Limited Repair of Some Oxidized Proteins, 216 2.1.1 Thiol Repair, 216 2.1.2 Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases, 219 2.2 Proteolysis, 221 2.2.1 The Proteasomal System and Its Role in the Degradation of Oxidized Proteins, 222 2.2.1.1 The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS), 222 2.2.1.2 The Components of the UPS, 222 2.2.1.2.1 The 20S Proteasome, 222 2.2.1.2.2 The Inducible Forms of the Proteasome and Their Function, 227 2.2.1.2.3 The 11S Regulator, 231 2.2.1.2.4 The 19S Regulator and the UPS, 233 2.2.1.2.5 The PA200 Regulator Protein, 238 2.2.1.2.6 Cellular Proteasome Inhibitors, 239 2.2.1.3 Low-Molecular-Weight Proteasome Inhibitors, 239 2.2.1.4 Cellular Function of the UPS, 241 2.2.1.5 The Degradation of Oxidized Proteins: A Function of the 20S Proteasome, 243 2.2.1.5.1 Early Studies on the Turnover of Oxidized Proteins, 244 2.2.1.5.2 In Vitro Studies and the Recognition of Oxidized Proteins by the Proteasome, 244 2.2.1.5.3 Cellular and In Vivo Studies of the Degradation of Oxidized Proteins, 248 2.2.1.5.4 The Inhibition of the Proteasome by Cross-Linked Oxidized Proteins and Proteasomal Regulation during Oxidative Stress, 251 2.3 The Role of Other Proteases in the Fate of Oxidized Proteins, 254 2.3.1 Lysosomal Degradation of Oxidized Proteins and the Role of Autophagy, 254 2.3.2 Mitochondrial Degradation of Oxidized Proteins and the Lon Protease, 256 2.3.3 The Uptake of Extracellular Oxidized Proteins and the Role of the Proteasome in Their Degradation, 258 2.3.4 Calpains and the Degradation of Oxidized Proteins, 259 2.4 Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Protein Degradation, 260 2.5 Conclusion, 262 References, 262 3 Protein Oxidation and Aging: Different Model Systems and Affecting Factors 295 3.1 Protein Oxidation during Aging: Lower Organisms and Cellular Model Systems, 297 3.1.1 Yeast, 297 3.1.1.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 297 3.1.1.2 Schizosaccharomyces pombe, 301 3.1.2 Podospora anserina, 301 3.1.3 Bacteria, 302 3.1.3.1 Escherichia coli, 302 3.1.4 Cell Cultures, 304 3.2 Nonmammalian Model Systems and the Accumulation of Oxidized Proteins during Aging, 308 3.2.1 Caenorhabditis elegans, 308 3.2.2 Drosophila melanogaster, 310 3.2.3 Aquatic Systems, 313 3.2.4 Plants, 315 3.2.5 Amphibians, 317 3.3 Age-Related Protein Oxidation in Humans and Mammals, 317 3.3.1 Humans, 317 3.3.2 Animals, 319 3.3.2.1 Rabbits, 323 3.3.2.2 Mice, 324 3.3.2.3 Rats, 327 3.3.2.4 Gerbils, 329 3.3.2.5 Primates, 330 3.4 Inherited Factors Influencing Protein Oxidation during Aging, 331 3.4.1 Genetic Instability, Mutations, and Polymorphism, 331 3.4.2 Gender, 333 3.4.3 Vitagenes, 334 3.4.4 Signal Transduction and Transcription Factors, 335 3.4.5 Ion Channels, 340 3.5 Age-Related Protein Aggregate Formation in Model Systems, 341 3.6 Environmental Factors Affecting Healthy Aging, 342 3.6.1 UV-Induced Skin Photoaging and Skin Aging, 344 3.6.2 Pesticides, 348 3.6.3 Exercise, 349 3.6.4 Dietary Factors and Prevention Strategies, 351 3.6.4.1 Melatonin, 353 3.6.4.2 Growth Hormone, 354 3.6.4.3 Biotrace Metal Elements: Zinc, 356 3.6.4.4 Ascorbic Acid, 357 3.6.4.5 Vitamin E, 360 3.6.4.6 Carnitine and Acetyl-L-Carnitine, 361 3.6.4.7 Homocysteine, 362 3.6.4.8 Ubiquinone, Coenzyme Q10, 363 3.6.4.9 Carnosine, 363 3.6.4.10 Lipoic Acid, 364 3.6.4.11 N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, 365 3.6.5 Pharmacological Response and Biotransformation in Aging, 365 3.6.5.1 Plant Extracts, 366 3.6.5.2 Polyphenols and Flavonoids, 366 3.6.5.3 Resveratrol, 367 3.6.5.4 AGE and ALE Inhibitors, 368 3.6.6 Caloric Restriction, 369 3.7 Repair and Degradation of Oxidized Proteins during Aging, 370 References, 372 4 Protein Oxidation in Some Age-Related Diseases 417 4.1 Protein Oxidation during Neurodegeneration and Neurological Diseases, 417 4.1.1 Brain Aging, 418 4.1.2 Alzheimer’s Disease, 420 4.1.3 Parkinson’s Disease, 424 4.1.4 Huntington’s Disease, 425 4.1.5 Stroke, 427 4.1.6 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 427 4.2 Protein Oxidation in Cardiac Diseases, 429 4.2.1 Ischemia–Reperfusion, 429 4.2.2 Atherosclerosis, 430 4.3 Protein Oxidation in Diabetes, 431 4.4 Protein Oxidation in Degenerative Arthritis, 434 4.5 Protein Oxidation in Muscle Wasting and Sarcopenia, 435 4.6 Protein Oxidation in Destructive Eye Diseases, 437 4.6.1 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, 437 4.6.2 Cataract, 438 4.7 Protein Oxidation in Osteoporosis, 440 4.8 Protein Oxidation in Cancer, 441 4.8.1 Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy, 444 4.9 Other Diseases, 446 4.9.1 Premature Aging Diseases Progeria and Werner’s Syndrome, 446 4.9.2 Renal Failure and Hemodialysis in Elderly People, 447 4.9.3 Obesity, 447 4.9.4 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, 448 4.9.5 Presbycusis (Age-Related Hear Loss), 448 References, 448 List of Abbreviations 479 Index 493

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Book SynopsisThis second part of Volume 10 of the "Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates" series reviews progress that has been made in the field of developmental endocrinology.Table of ContentsPreface to the Progress Series. Preface to Volume X, Part B. Contributors. Evolution of Steroid Hormones and Steriod-Hormone Receptors (G.Kauser). Evolution of Developmental Peptide Hormones and Their Receptors (J.Broeck, et al.). Arthropoda--Insecta: Embryology (A. Dorn). Arthropoda--Insecta: Larval Development andMetamorphosis--Molecular Aspects (M. Spindler-Barth & K.-D.Spindler). Arthropoda--Insecta: Diapause (D. Saunders). Arthropoda--Insecta: Caste Differentiation (K. Hartfelder). Arthropoda--Insecta: Endocrine Control of Phase Polymorphism (A.Dorn, et al.). Arthropoda--Insecta: Migration (J. Kent & M. Rankin). Non-Vertebrate Chordata (M. Pestarino). Subject Index. Species Index.

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Book SynopsisThis updated, streamlined, generously illustrated Fifth Edition of the classic text combines comparative vertebrate anatomy and embryology into one easy reference source. Provides an overview of vertebrate evolution, a preview of vertebrate embryology, six chapters on vertebrate development, and then goes through each organ system from both a morphogenesis and comparative anatomy standpoint. Also includes extensive discussions of vertebrate evolution, a large section on developmental preliminaries, an extensive glossary and a new bibliography.Table of ContentsPANORAMA. History of the Human Body. Ancestry and History of the Vertebrates. A Preview of Embryogeny. DEVELOPMENTAL PRELIMINARIES. The Gametes. Fertilization. Cleavage and Gastrulation: General Considerations. Cleavage and Germ Layer Formation in Ascidians Amphioxus, andAmphibians. Avian Cleavage and Germ Layer Formation. Early Human Development and Placentation. MORPHOGENESIS OF ORGAN SYSTEMS. The Skin and Its Derivatives. The Skeleton. The Muscular System. The Alimentary Canal and Its Derivatives. The Coelom and Mesenteries. The Urogenital System. The Circulatory System. The Nervous System and Sense Organs. General References. Supplemental Readings. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume covers all aspects of reproduction and development of the entire spectrum of invertebrates - terrestrial, marine, freshwater, brackish water, free-living and parasitic.Table of ContentsPlatyhelminthes (I. Fairweather). Nemertina (M. Tarpin). Nematoda (M. Fleming). Mollusca (S. Smith R. Croll). Annelida--Polychaeta (P. Olive). Annelida--Oligochaeta and Hirudinea (R. Marcel). Arthropoda--Chelicerata (W. Kaufman). Arthropoda--Crustacea (F. Van Herp D. Soyez). Arthropoda--Insecta (T. Adams). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisPresents a collection of classic texts combined with a number of contemporary syntheses on the topic of behavioral development in animals. This reader is suitable for students and scholars who wish to engage with the study of animal behavioral development.Table of ContentsForeword by Patrick Bateson. Preface. Part I: General Principles of Development. Introduction. 1. Principles of Development and Differentiation (excerpt). C. H. Waddington. 2. Ontogenetic Adaptations and Retrogressive Processes in the Development of the Nervous System and Behaviour: A Neuroembryological Perspective. R. W. Oppenheim. 3. From Watsonian Behaviourism to Behaviour Epigenetics: Zin-Yang Kuo. 4. Developmental Changes in Sensitivity to Experience. Patrick Bateson and Robert A. Hinde. 5. Behavioural Development: Towards Understanding Processes. C. ten Cate. Part II: Theoretical Debates - Nature/Nurture and Beyond. Introduction. 6. A Critique of Konrad Lorenz's Theory of Instinctive Behaviour (excerpt). Daniel S. Lehrman. 7. Heredity and Environment in Mammalian Behaviour. Donald O. Hebb. 8. Evolution and Modification of Behaviour (excerpt). Konrad Lorenz. 9. Semantic and Conceptual Issues in the Nature-Nurture Problem. Daniel S. Lehrman. Part III: Empirical Paradigms: Development of Perceptual and Motor Mechanisms. Introduction. Development of Perceptual and Motor Mechanisms. 10. The Developing Brain. Carla J. Shatz. 11. Development of Species Identification in Ducklings: VI Specific Embryonic Experience Required to Maintain Species-Typical Perception in Peking Ducklings. Gilbert Gottlieb. 12. The Companion to the Bird's World (excerpt). Konrad Lorenz. 13. Development of Perceptual Mechanisms in Birds: Predispositions and Imprinting. Johan J. Bolhuis. 14. Sensory Templates in Species Specific Behaviour. Peter Marler. 15. Aspects of Learning in the Ontogeny of Bird Song: Where, From Whom, When, How Many, Which and How Accurately. Donald E. Kroodsma. 16. Motor Patterns in Development (excerpt). John C. Fentress and Peter J. McLeod. Part IV Empirical Paradigms: Development of Behavior Systems. 17. Suckling isn't feeding, or is it? William G. Hall and Christina L. Williams. 18. Ontogeny of Social Behaviour in Burmese Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus spadiceus) (excerpt). Jaap P. Kruijit. 19. Social Deprivation in Monkeys. Harry F. Harlow and Margaret K. Harlow. 20. Mother-Infant Separation and the Nature of Inter-Individual Relationships: Experiments with Rhesus Monkeys. Robert A. Hinde. 21. Structure and Development of Behaviour Systems. Jerry A. Hogan. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents a test to the hypothesis that vocal rhythm coordination at four months of age predicts attachment and cognition at age 12 months. The findings show that high coordination can index more or less optimal outcomes, as a function of outcome measure, partner, and site.Table of ContentsAbstract. Introduction. Literature Review. Method. Results: The Timing of Sound and Silence. Results: Coordinated Interpersonal Timing (CIT) at Age 4 Months. Results: CIT Rhythms at Age 4 Months Predicts Outcomes at Age 12 Months. Discussion. References. Acknowledgments. Commentaries. Dialogical Nature of Cognition (Philippe Rochat). Face-to-Face Play: Its Temporal Structure as Predictor of Socioaffective Development (Daniel N. Stern). Contributors. Statement of Editorial Policy.

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Book SynopsisWhat does this extended period of dependency have to do with human brain growth and social interactions? And why is play a sign of cognitive complexity, and a spur for cultural evolution? This title explores these questions, and topics ranging from bipedal walking to incest taboos.Trade ReviewIt's been a long time coming but it was worth the wait. Mel Konner's wonderful new book shows that you simply must think about our biological past to understand our psychological present. The Evolution of Childhood offers an extraordinary new foundation for all knowledge of human development. -- Michael Ruse, co-editor of Evolution: The First Four Billion YearsEver since his pioneering studies of infancy among Kalahari hunter-gatherers, anthropologist and physician Mel Konner has illuminated anthropology with knowledge from ethnography, sociobiology, neuroscience, and social psychology, in a search for a deep understanding of what it means to be human. This monumental book contains the best description of what play is all about that I have ever read, as well as the most comprehensive guide anywhere taking a reader through different phases of infancy, middle childhood, and adolescence. The book is the culmination of Konner's lifelong quest. It will transform the way that human development is understood and taught. -- Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, author of Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual UnderstandingThis monumental book--more than 900 pages long, 30 years in the making, at once grand and intricate, breathtakingly inclusive and painstakingly particular--exhaustively explores the biological evolution of human behavior and specifically the behavior of children. Melvin Konner, an anthropologist and neuroscientist at Emory, weaves a compelling web of theories and studies across a remarkable array of disciplines, from experimental genetics to ethnology...To read this book is to be in the company of a helpful and hopeful teacher who is eager to share what he's found. -- Benjamin Schwarz * The Atlantic *[Konner] covers almost every topic imaginable in anthropology, biology, and psychology that involves child development. Moreover, since the book is on evolution, there's a lot about other animals, from the platypus to the great ape...If you want to know the latest scholarly information on child development, you can buy this book for $40 or get a new scholarly encyclopedia of child development for $1500. Odds are that this one will be more thought-provoking and better written--and probably almost as extensive. -- Mary Ann Hughes * Library Journal *Why do we love watching [babies]? Perhaps because we recognize parts of ourselves in them but still find something mysterious about the behavior of those tiny human beings. The Evolution of Childhood, Melvin Konner's massive and massively researched new book, goes a long way in dispelling a lot of that mystery. Konner gives a detailed and expansive overview of what the fields of anthropology, evolutionary biology, psychology and genetics have taught us about human childhood. The book, in fairly accessible language, explains the evolutionary purpose of everything from babies' expressions (humans, apparently, are the only animal who can pull off the "relaxed friendly smile") to crying, early childhood outbursts and juvenile delinquency. -- Thomas Rogers * Salon *Magisterial. -- Rebecca Mead * New Yorker *Anthropologist-physician Melvin Konner's The Evolution of Childhood is a masterwork of scholarship. Even at over 900 pages, it should entice anyone keen for knowledge about human infancy, childhood, and adolescence and the evolution of these life stages...Konner marries biology and psychology, adds a firm grasp of our primate past, and guides our understanding of children's lives in various social contexts. -- Barbara King * Bookslut *This book is not a weekend read...If you plan to read this book through, take a little each day and savor the delights it bestows. Well worth the read. -- D. Wayne Dworsky * San Francisco Book Review *This book is undeniably a tour de force. Indeed, Konner is perhaps the only scholar who is as comfortable describing cultural change, or evolution in its broad quasi-philosophical outlines, as he is defining the complex biochemical and statistical correlates of behavior. One of his writerly charms is that he is ever seer and scientist. He marvels as he describes. He also renders the boundaries among disciplines porous. He scurries from one to another, insisting on their enmeshment, whether it be ethology, cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary or developmental psychology, endocrinology, or cultural anthropology. He draws on all these fields to address the story of our inordinately long, and, compared to those of other species, "strangely-shaped" childhoods, and to discover how our childhood evolved to make us what we are. -- Michele Pridmore-Brown * Times Literary Supplement *Konner places childhood firmly within an evolutionary framework in his magisterial book...Konner is an excellent tour guide to the sacred lands of childhood. He has produced a scholarly, detailed and beautifully written study...The Evolution of Childhood shows that the pleasures of life are linked to the evolutionary imperatives of reproduction and survival, and that we are starting to understand their underlying neural mechanisms. -- Morten Kringelbach * Nature *The Evolution of Childhood is one of the most remarkable books I have read. Melvin Konner is a neuroscientist and anthropologist who shows how human childhood evolved over the last 200,000 years to make us what we are...Konner re-enchants child's play, for instance, by explaining its molecular and evolutionary backstory. That he is able to do this in a lively, accessible manner is no mean feat. Along the way, he makes a compelling case for how humans came to acquire complex culture. -- Michele Pridmore-Brown * Times Literary Supplement *[Konner's] goal is...ambitious: to synthesize all the literature bearing on the evolutionary emergence of our species, and especially on the ways in which humans came to raise their children. The breadth of vision he displays is extraordinary. Konner summarizes a considerable body of research on human evolution, beginning with paleontological and archaeological work on the emergence of life-forms and continuing through evidence regarding the emergence of mammals, primates, hominids and early humans, until finally Homo sapiens enters the scene. The volume is a singular achievement, not least because it encompasses, and describes accessibly and eloquently, many fields of endeavor and scholarship, ranging from molecular biology and interpretation of the geological record, to the interpretation of bone fragments found in archaeological sites, to observational research on the behavior of contemporary humans in a wide variety of ecological niches. Furthermore, Konner does not limit himself to secondary sources, as many might do when attempting to place their own research in broader context. Instead, he lucidly discusses a vast range of primary sources. The book's 753 pages of text are accompanied by 159 pages of references. The goal may be extraordinarily ambitious, but the exercise must be deemed a remarkable success. Konner achieves a readable and persuasive synthesis more inclusive than anything ever before attempted. His account of human evolution, and especially of the evolution of childhood, is coherent and compelling...This magisterial book is assuredly the most important analysis of the evolution of childhood yet attempted. It summarizes 40 years of observation, analysis and synthesis by one of the most profound thinkers of our generation. Whoever follows intellectually will necessarily build on this magnificently eloquent and integrative edifice. -- Michael E. Lamb * American Scientist *

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Book SynopsisFemale and male brains are different, thanks to hormones coursing through the brain before birth. This title argues passionately that the analysis of gender differences deserves far more rigorous, biologically sophisticated science.Trade ReviewI'm the ideal test reader for Brain Storm. I've always had reservations about the sweeping claims that there are fundamental differences in the organization of male and female brains, caused by prenatal hormones. But the sheer number of published studies that seemed to give incontrovertible evidence led me to assume that the theory was sound. This elegantly written and fascinating book has changed my mind. Jordan-Young's comprehensive analysis of the array of conflicting results and methodological weaknesses shows that we have closed the book on this topic far too soon. Her warning is one that all scientists can agree with: Careful! -- Lisa Diamond, author of Sexual FluidityThis important and intellectually powerful book shows that a dominant paradigm in human sex differences is held together by chewing gum. By painstakingly examining a large and contradictory literature, Jordan-Young shows the weakness of the brain organization hypothesis. She has so much respect for the scientific method that she can hope that reason and integrity will help create a better, more empirically sound theory of sex differences, and she reaches out to scientists to offer a glimpse of a new psychobiology. -- Anne Fausto-Sterling, author of Myths of GenderThis is a book of remarkable depth that sets a new standard for clear scientific thinking about complex behavioral traits, as well as for interdisciplinary scholarship. Rebecca Jordan-Young charts a fresh new course through the morass of questions about gender and sexuality with enviable humor, fairness, and intellectual power. -- Evan Balaban, McGill UniversityBrain Storm poses the most comprehensive challenge yet to the claim that prenatal hormone exposure permanently structures the brain to be either masculine or feminine, and does so in a highly engaging, fair-minded narrative that is a delight to read. -- Stephen J. Ceci and Wendy M. Williams, Cornell UniversityJordan-Young has written a stunning book that demolishes most of the science associated with the dominant paradigm of the development of sex and gender identity, behavior, and orientation. The current paradigm, brain organization theory, proposes: "Because of early exposure to different sex hormones, males and females have different brains"; and these hormones also create "gay" and "straight" brains. Jordan-Young interviewed virtually every major researcher in the field and reviewed hundreds of published scientific papers. Her conclusion: "Brain organization theory is little more than an elaboration of longstanding folk tales about antagonistic male and female essences and how they connect to antagonistic male and female natures." She explains, in exquisite detail, the flaws in the underlying science, from experimental designs that make no statistical sense to "conceptually sloppy" definitions of male and female sexuality, contradictory results, and the social construction of normality. Her conclusion that the patterns we see are far more complicated than previously believed and due to a wider range of variables will shake up the research community and alter public perception. * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *A carefully researched volume that exposes the problems with the widely accepted idea that gender differences are created by certain hormones in the womb. -- Alex Spanko * Boston Globe *What Jordan-Young's analysis uncovered is by turns fascinating and appalling...This book is not only a tonic, it's also full of scientific insights presented in plain, intelligent prose--an absorbing read, if you've ever wondered what was going on in the secret parts of your attic. -- Sara Lippincott * Los Angeles Times *It was with appreciation verging on glee that I read Barnard professor Rebecca Jordan-Young's devastatingly smart and definitive critique: Brain Storm: The Flaws in the Science of Sex Differences. Jordan-Young argues that the science of prenatal hormones, gender, and the mind "better resembles a hodgepodge pile than a solid structure." And she knows of what she speaks. An expert on measures and study designs, Jordan-Young has spent the last 13 years combing the literature on brain organization, unpacking assumptions, questioning methods and statistical practices, holding one paper up against another. She stresses that fetal hormones must matter to the brain--somehow. But after picking apart more than 400 studies that try to understand the genesis of particular psychological sex differences (real or supposed), she concludes that fetal T looks like an awfully anemic explanation...After decades of determined research, if robust links between prenatal hormones and "male" or "female" minds really exist, shouldn't we see those links across lots of different kinds of studies? This matters because the obsession with prenatal T can easily become a distraction. It can make us forget how much gender norms have changed--think of all those female accountants, lawyers, and doctors who weren't around 50 or even 30 years ago--and how remarkably similar men's and women's brains and minds actually are. All this unwarranted hammering away at difference (and its putative explanations) causes real trouble, too. As a growing body of research shows, cues that foreground gender and bring stereotypes to mind can dampen men's performance on tests of social sensitivity, women's scores on math tests, and women's stated interest in quantitative pursuits. Jordan-Young has done an enormous amount of work to untangle the gender claims. We ought to read her, cite her, thank her. And then, let's move on. -- Amanda Schaffer * Slate *Jordan-Young ferret[s] out exaggerated, unreplicated claims and other silliness regarding research on sex differences. The book [is] strongest in exposing research conclusions that are closer to fiction than science. -- Diane F. Halpern * Science *Exhaustively analyses every relevant study on hormonal sex differentiation of the human brain, and argues that they are riddled with weaknesses, inconsistencies and ambiguity. It's a clarion call for better science on the subject. -- Madeleine Bunting * The Guardian *In her exhaustive survey of the literature, Jordan-Young discovers a hodge-podge of tiny samples, inadequate controls, conflicting data and extravagant conclusions...By meticulously revealing the flawed research behind brain organization theory, she opens the way to a non-hierarchical study of sex difference that will be both more fruitful for science and less damaging for society. -- Hilary Rose and Steven Rose * London Review of Books *Jordan-Young's detailed and exhaustive critique of brain organization research is quite welcome. -- Vernon Rosario * Gay and Lesbian Review *

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Book SynopsisIntroduces undergraduate students to quantitative models and methods in ecology, behavioral ecology, evolutionary biology, and conservation. This title explores the core concepts shared by these related fields using tools and practical skills such as experimental design, generating phylogenies, basic statistical inference, and grant writing.Trade Review"Braude and Low provide a survey of a wide variety of extended exercises in evolutionary biology, population ecology, population genetics, and statistical analysis. Individual chapters can also serve as useful supplement assignments in many introductory biology courses."--Choice "[This book] is for people like me--faculty members who will buy it and then tinker with, modify, adapt, or steal outright the exercises it contains for use in their own relatively narrowly focused courses. And that is actually a valuable contribution to American biological education!"--Arthur M. Shapiro, Quarterly Review of Biology "I liked An Introduction to Methods and Models in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, and think it would be a very good text in the classroom. This book is intended to function as a lab book, teaching students topics conceptually, encouraging users to work out expectations by hand and by sketching out expected outcomes."--J. Michael Reed, Ecology "I liked An Introduction to Methods and Models in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology and think it would be a very good text in the classroom. [The book] presents a nice selection of problems across the broad topics covered."--J. Michael Reed, Ecological Society of America "[A]n excellent source of tools and inspiration and well suited to prepare the undergraduate student for the methodological and numerical approaches used in ecology and evolution."--Yann Clough, Basic and Applied Ecology "The most enjoyable aspect of this book is that it is a true teaching guide. The authors expose students to quantitative methods using a very hands-on approach. This approach ensures students feel more comfortable with data analysis and quantitative methods, while also aiding them to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. A wealth of personal experience as a student and teacher has obviously gone into the creation of this book, and I would highly recommend it to educators dealing with components of this text"--.Brad J. Farmilo, Austral EcologyTable of ContentsFigures vii Tables xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix Section I: E volutionary Biology Chapter 1: Evolution and Pesticide Resistance: Examining Quantitative Trends Visually by Stanton Braude and John Gaskin 3 Chapter 2: Lizard Ecomorphology: Generating and Testing Hypotheses of Adaptation by Kenneth H. Kozak 12 Chapter 3: Phylogenetic Inference: Examining Morphological and Molecular Datasets by James Beck 22 Chapter 4: Life History Tradeoffs in Avian Clutch Size: Interpreting Life History Data and Evaluating Alternative Hypotheses by Jon Hess 36 Chapter 5: Mimicry: Experimental Design and Scientific Logic by James Robertson 51 Section II: D emography and Population Ecology Chapter 6: Life Table Analysis by Stanton Braude 63 Chapter 7: Lotka-Volterra Competition Modeling by Stanton Braude, Tara Scherer, and Rebecca McGaha 69 Chapter 8: Explosive Population Growth and Invasive Exotic Species by Jon Hess and James Robertson 79 Chapter 9: Island Biogeography: Evaluating Correlational Data and Testing Alternative Hypotheses by James Robertson 91 Section III: Population Genetics Chapter 10: Hardy-Weinberg: Evaluating Disequilibrium Forces by Jason J. Kolbe 107 Chapter 11: Drift, Demographic Stochasticity, and Extinction in Woggles by James Robertson, Anton Weisstein, and Stanton Braude 117 Chapter 12: Conservation of Small Populations: Effective Population Sizes, Inbreeding, and the 50/500 Rule by Luke J. Harmon and Stanton Braude 125 Chapter 13: Dispersal and Metapopulation Structure by James Robertson 139 Section IV: Quantitative Ecological Tools Chapter 14: Understanding Descriptive Statistics by Beth Sparks-Jackson and Emily Silverman 155 Chapter 15: Understanding Statistical Inference by Emily Silverman and Beth Sparks-Jackson 179 Chapter 16: Sampling Wild Populations by Stanton Braude and James Robertson 189 Chapter 17: Quantifying Biodiversity by Cawas Behram Engineer and Stanton Braude 198 Chapter 18: Environmental Predictability and Life History by Bobbi S. Low and Stanton Braude 214 Chapter 19: Modeling Optimal Foraging by Stanton Braude and James Robertson 226 Section V: S ynthetic Exercises and Writing Assignments Chapter 20: Evaluating Competing Hypotheses of Regional Biodiversity by Stanton Braude 235 Chapter 21: Preparing and Evaluating Competitive Grant Proposals for Conservation Funding by Stanton Braude 239 Chapter 22: Tracing the History of Scientific Ideas: From Darwin, Connell, or Soule to the Present by Bobbi S. Low 245 Glossary 251 Contributors 263 Index 265

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Book SynopsisOffers an individual-based theory of the effects of the plastic ontogenetic development on the dynamics of populations and communities. This title shows how the effects of ontogenetic development on ecological dynamics critically depend on the efficiency with which differently sized individuals convert food into biomass.Trade Review"[T]horough and in-depth analysis of a stage-structured model... The results ... have important implications for anyone doing empirical work on juvenile-adult systems. And the authors make a compelling case that population models should explore juvenile-adult structure because it can result in qualitatively different outcomes."--Chad E. Brassil, Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface ix Part I - SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION 1. Summary: A Bird's-Eye View of Community and Population Effects of Ontogenetic Development 3 * Historical Background 3 * Biomass Overcompensation 7 * Ontogenetic (A)Symmetry in Energetics 8 * Emergent Community Effects of Biomass Overcompensation 11 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Consumer Life History 14 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Predator Life History 15 * Competition between Consumers with and without Ontogenetic Niche Shifts 17 * Ontogenetic (A)Symmetry in Energetics and Population Dynamics 19 * Generalization 22 2. Life History Processes, Ontogenetic Development, and Density Dependence 24 * Back to Darwin 24 * Individual- versus Population-Level Assumptions 28 * The Population Dynamical Triad 32 * Growth Patterns and the Ecology of Ontogenetic Development 34 * Body-Size Scaling and Magnitude of Body-Size Changes 40 * Changes in Ecological Roles over Ontogeny 44 * Stepping Back--Some Perspectives 45 Part II - ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE 3. Biomass Overcompensation 49 * A Stage-Structured, Bioenergetics Model 50 * Equal Ingestion Rates 64 * Unequal Ingestion Rates 69 * Empirical Evidence 86 * Asymmetry and Life History Effects 90 * More Complicated Life Histories 93 * Ontogenetic Symmetry and Biomass Overcompensation 107 4. Emergent Allee Effects through Biomass Overcompensation 115 * Emergent Allee Effects in Stage-Structured Biomass Models 116 * Emergent Allee Effects in the Kooijman-Metz Model 136 * Size-Structured Predators Foraging on Size-Structured Prey 145 * Empirical Evidence for Emergent Allee Effects 159 5. Emergent Facilitation among Predators on Size-Structured Prey 165 * Generalists Facilitating Specialist Predators 169 * Facilitation between Specialist Predators 175 * Multiple Predators and a Single Prey 186 * Experimental Evidence 188 6. Ontogenetic Niche Shifts 196 * Consumer-Resource Systems 198 * Consequences for Higher Trophic Levels 209 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Predator Life History 226 7. Mixed Interactions 253 * Niche Overlap between Stage-Structured Prey and Predators 256 * Niche Overlap between Size-Structured Prey and Predators 281 * Empirical Studies 292 8. Ontogenetic Niche Shifts, Predators, and Coexistence among Consumer Species 296 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts and Interspecific Competition 297 * Ontogenetic Niche Shifts in Both Consumers 311 * Effects of Predators on Coexistence of Consumers 317 Part III - ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY DYNAMICS 9. Dynamics of Consumer-Resource Systems 329 * A Size-Structured Population Model 330 * Other Size-Dependent Consumer-Resource Dynamics 354 *Daphnia-Algae as a Model System for the Study of Stage-Structured Dynamics 357 10. Dynamics of Consumer-Resource Systems with Discrete Reproduction: Multiple Resources and Confronting Model Predictions with Empirical Data 361 * Overall Model Characteristics 362 * Derivation of Individual-Level Model 363 * The Model at the Population Level 369 * Critical Resource Density and Cohort Dynamics 373 * Multiple Resources and Ontogenetic Niche Shifts 378 * Model Predictions and Empirical Data 384 11. Cannibalism in Size-Structured Systems 391 * Background Overview 392 * A Discrete-Continuous Model for Cannibalism 396 * Effects of Harvesting Cannibalistic Populations 412 * Giant Individuals: Theory and Observation 416 Part IV - EXTENSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 12. Demand-Driven Systems, Model Hierarchies, and Ontogenetic Asymmetry 425 * Demand-Driven Systems 426 * Unicellular Organisms 437 * Model Hierarchies, Model Simplifications, and Model Testing 439 * Development versus Reproduction Control: Ontogenetic Asymmetry 448 Technical Appendices *1 Basic Size-Structured Population Model 451 *2 Derivation of the Yodzis and Innes Model 454 *3 Derivation of the Stage-Structured Biomass Model 456< *4 Equilibrium Computations for Physiologically Structured Models 462 * 5 Computing Parameter Bounds to Overcompensation in the Stage-Structured Bioenergetics Model 472 *6 Ontogenetic Symmetry and Asymmetry in Energetics 475 *7 Mechanisms Leading to Biomass Overcompensation 483 *8 Discrete-Continuous Consumer-Resource Models 491 *9 A Demand-Driven Energy Budget Model 496 References 505 Index 525

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Book SynopsisDescribes the five major strategies of growth for terrestrial plants, and details how plants succeed when resources are scarce. This book explains how plants attain available nutrients, withstand the immense stresses of drying soils, and flourish in the race for light.Trade Review"This work would be excellent for a seminar/discussion-style course for undergraduate and especially graduate students."--Choice "Joseph Craine provides an excellent synthesis of current work and a detailed historical perspective... [T]his is a ... very useful resource for anyone interested in the topic... One of the strengths of this book is that ... it also suggests the next crucial steps for fully understanding resource strategies of plants."--Marko Spasojevic, Journal of Vegetation ScienceTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations xvii CHAPTER 1: The Basis for Plant Strategies 1 Assessing Natural Selection 1 From Single Traits to Multitrait Strategies 5 Quantifying Plant Traits and Strategies 8 Ranking Strategies 9 Synthesis 13 CHAPTER 2: The History of Plant Strategies 15 Nutrients and the History of Plant Strategies 15 Grime 19 Chapin 26 Tilman 33 Laying the Foundation of Plant Strategies 41 CHAPTER 3: Stress and Disturbance 45 Defining Stress and Disturbance 45 Major Causes of Stress and Disturbance 48 How Herbivory Works 50 Growth in the Face of Stress and Disturbance 55 Responding after Stress and Disturbance 61 The Links to Resource Availability 62 Summary 62 CHAPTER 4: Resource Limitation 64 The Concept of Single-Resource limitation 65 History of the Nitrogen Cycle Concept 68 Pulses or Slow Bleeds? 75 Primer on the Phosphorus Cycle 79 Co-limitation in a Post-Liebigian World 80 Evaluating Costs in a Co-limited World 84 Trade-offs in Use Efficiency in a Co-limited World 87 Summary 89 CHAPTER 5: Competition for Nutrients and Light 91 Definitions and Types of Competition 92 Competition for Nutrients under Uniform Supplies 94 How Much Root Length? 104 Interference Competition 106 Competition for Nutrients under Heterogeneous Supplies 107 Competition for Light 109 Synthesis 114 CHAPTER 6: Comparing Negative Effects 119 Comparing Negative Effects 120 How to Measure the Importance of Stress and Disturbance in Environments 122 How to Measure the Importance of Stress and Disturbance in the Natural Selection of a Species 130 Importance of Factors at Low Nutrient Supply 132 Importance of Factors at High Nutrient Supply 139 The Relative Importance of Factors 145 Synthesis 146 CHAPTER 7: The Low-Nutrient Strategy 149 Physiological Traits 151 Whole-Plant Traits 169 Effects on Nitrogen Cycling 171 Revising the Low-Nutrient Strategy 173 Significance of Traits in Strategy 187 Synthesis 199 CHAPTER 8: The High-Resource Strategy 202 The Scope of This Chapter 204 Physiological Traits 205 Whole-Plant Traits 212 Effects on Nutrient Cycling 213 Revising the High-Resource Strategy 213 Significance of Traits in Strategy 217 Why the Race Ends 223 Synthesis 224 CHAPTER 9: The Low-Light Strategy 227 Physiological Traits 229 Whole-Plant Traits 233 Effects on Nutrient Cycling 236 Traits under High Light 236 Why These Patterns 239 The End of the Second Stage of Competition 246 Synthesis 248 CHAPTER 10: The Low-Water and Low-CO2 Strategies 251 Water 251 Carbon Dioxide 268 Summary 279 CHAPTER 11: A Synthesis of Plant Strategies 282 Application and the Way Forward 285 Genetics, Pleiotropy, and Plasticity 286 Limitation 287 Competition 289 Defense and Herbivory 290 Mechanisms of Coexistence 292 Biogeographic Patterns and Invasions 293 Global Change 295 Tree of Life 298 Bibliography 301 Index 327

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Book SynopsisOffers an introduction to the field of developmental neuroscience, a discipline concerned with the mechanisms by which complex nervous systems emerge during embryonic growth. Beginning with a presentation of methods for studying neural development, this book provides an overview of human development, followed by an introduction to animal models.Trade Review"Written with a rare lucidity and grace, Susan Fahrbach's Developmental Neuroscience offers a systematic and logical account of the development of nerve cells and nervous systems, human and otherwise. The book is lecture friendly and the supplementary reading questions are ideal for college courses. It will be of surpassing interest to professors seeking a current treatment of developmental neuroscience."—Donald Pfaff, Rockefeller University and editor of Neuroscience in the 21st Century"The words 'delightful textbook' do not often occur together but they describe Developmental Neuroscience to a tee. Susan Fahrbach has an exceptional voice and, coupled with a deep scholarly bent, a keen ability for explaining the importance of developmental phenomena and how we come to understand them. There is much that is new here even for longtime instructors of the subject. This is a truly valuable addition to the field."—Darcy Kelley, Columbia University"Developmental Neuroscience is an elegantly written take on a subject rooted in classical embryology but now yielding to the contemporary tools of molecular genetics and neuroimaging. Fahrbach's approach is patient and steady, surveying the current state of understanding through humans and different model organisms, with a sensitive ear to the cultural issues and contexts that will inform and motivate students."—David Clayton, Queen Mary, University of London"This is the ideal textbook for students who want to think about particular big-picture topics and engage with the primary literature. With simple language, good points, interesting anecdotes, big ideas, and nice tie-in questions, the book provides broad brushstrokes on important issues, which then allows students, through guided discussion, to delve into specific developmental processes or signaling pathways."—Christopher Korey, College of CharlestonTable of ContentsList of Illustrations xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xix What Are Investigative Reading Questions? xxi Teaching Using the Primary Literature and Investigative Reading Questions to Complement the Text xxiii Chapter 1 Introduction* What Do We Mean When We Say "Neural Development"? 1 * What Is in This Book and How to Use It 1 * Methods for Studying Development of the Nervous System 3 * Human Brain Imaging 17 * The Future 19 * Notes 20 * Investigative Reading 20 Chapter 2 Overview of Nervous System Development in Humans* How Do We Know What We Know? 23 * Start by Working Backward 24 * The Carnegie Stages of Embryonic Development 26 * Development of the Fetal Brain 31 * Neural Tube Defects 33 * Notes 34 * Investigative Reading 35 Chapter 3 Animal Models* Model Organisms 37 * Some Helpful Concepts for Thinking about Animal Models 38 * Practical Considerations 40 * The Mouse, Mus musculus 41 * The Zebrafi sh, Danio rerio 44 * The Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster 48 * The Nematode Worm, Caenorhabditis elegans 52 * Typical Neurons 55 * Gray Matter and White Matter 57 * Phylogenetic Relationships 57 * Notes 60 * Investigative Reading 61 Chapter 4 Early Events* Axis Determination and Neural Induction 63 * Defining Anterior and Making a Head 63 * Neural Induction 74 * Notes 77 * Investigative Reading 79 Chapter 5 Neurogenesis* Production of Neurons by Neural Progenitors 81 * Neurogenesis in C. elegans 83 * Neurogenesis in Drosophila 88 * Neurogenesis in Zebrafi sh 97 * Neurogenesis in the Mouse 99 * Neurogenesis in Humans 106 * Adult Neurogenesis 110 * Notes 116 * Investigative Reading 118 Chapter 6 Later Events* Not All Animals Are Segmented 121 * Regionalization in the Drosophila Nervous System 121 * Regionalization in the Vertebrate Nervous System 128 * Histogenesis of the Mammalian Cortex 135 * Notes 140 * Investigative Reading 141 Chapter 7 Becoming a Neuron* Axons, Dendrites, and the Formation of Synapses 143 * The Decision to Grow a Process 145 * Microtubules, Actin, and Growth Cones 147 * Axon Path Finding 152 * Synaptogenesis 160 * Notes 164 * Investigative Reading 166 Chapter 8 Glia* Glia and Neurons 169 * Glia in C. elegans 170 * Glia in Drosophila 171 * Glia in Zebrafish 176 * Glia in Mice 179 * Glia in Humans 189"li>Fruit Flies and Glioblastoma 192 * Notes 194 * Investigative Reading 195 Chapter 9 Maturation* Growing Up 197 * Metamorphosis 197 * Adolescence 206 * Summary 209 * Notes 210 * Investigative Reading 211 Chapter 10 Thinking about Intellectual Disability in the Context of Development* Neuroscience and Intellectual Disability 213 * Perturbations of Neuronal Migration 215 * Dendritic Abnormalities 219 * Neonatal Hypothyroidism 221 * Rett Syndrome 222 * Fragile X Syndrome 225 * Down Syndrome 228 * Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 231 * Nonmammalian Models 234 * Reality Check 237 * Notes 238 * Investigative Reading 239 Abbreviations 241 References 251 Online Resources 271 Full Citations for Investigative Reading Exercises 277 Index 281

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Hands down the most beautiful book I’ve ever read. . . . The intersection of biology and physics might be the most underappreciated cross-over in the sciences."---Nicole Barbaro, Bookmarked"The author's style is mostly captivating, and the illustrations provide unique support . . . Parthasarathy's commitment regarding the importance of education about scientific discovery and its place in today's world is evident throughout."---F. W. Yow, Choice

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The Process of Animal Domestication is a fascinating book that comes highly recommended. Its synthesis of a large body of research makes it incredibly valuable to evolutionary and developmental biologists, geneticists, anthropologists, and (zoo)archaeologists. However, the writing is accessible enough that (under)graduate students wanting to read up on animal domestication can safely turn to this book as well."---Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist"This well-referenced, scholarly publication will be valuable primarily for those geneticists, embryologists, comparative anatomists, and evolutionary biologists chiefly interested in the multifaceted issues and history associated with animal domestication."---D.A. Brass, CHOICE"[This book] covers all of the major topics in domestication and really does give an excellent overview of the subject . . . . I would absolutely recommend this book to those with a passing interest in the field, as well as a more specialised readership."---Dominic Wright, Trends in Ecology & Evolution"[The Process of Animal Domestication] will be the go-to publication on animal domestication for years to come. I salute what I believe is a superb job—highly recommended!"---Frank E. Zachos, Mammalian Biology

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The Process of Animal Domestication is a fascinating book that comes highly recommended. Its synthesis of a large body of research makes it incredibly valuable to evolutionary and developmental biologists, geneticists, anthropologists, and (zoo)archaeologists. However, the writing is accessible enough that (under)graduate students wanting to read up on animal domestication can safely turn to this book as well."---Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist"This well-referenced, scholarly publication will be valuable primarily for those geneticists, embryologists, comparative anatomists, and evolutionary biologists chiefly interested in the multifaceted issues and history associated with animal domestication."---D.A. Brass, CHOICE

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Book SynopsisIntended for undergraduate and graduate courses in plant development, this book explains how the cells of a plant acquire and maintain their specific fates.Trade Review'In this new book, Leyser and Day provide a comprehensive overview of plant developmental biology that presents a diversity of developmental strategies whilst carefully distilling the basic principles and mechanisms involved. Its strengths are its breadth, clarity and up to date discussion of developmental studies and concepts. ...Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling plant development has exploded in the last decade, and this book provides an outstanding and much needed review and synthesis. Whilst primarily directed at higher-level undergraduates, it should be accessible and informative to scientists at all levels. Though the field of plant development is rapidly advancing, this book's strength in highlighting fundamental developmental concepts and principles make it a must have for any student of developmental biology.' David Jackson, Cold Spring Harbor, BSDB Newsletter "....worth a library or scientist's investment. It is easy to read, thorough and offers additional points of access to the scientific literature that a student will find useful. It would serve as an excellent supplementary text for a library collection, or as a refresher text for a graduate student in botany." E-Streams, Vol 6, No 1, January 2003 "In each instance the authors employ a number of specific 'case studies' that trace resesarch in the area from the basic anatomy and physiology to more recent molecular investigations. ...The text is clearly written and well referenced. It should be useful to students who are getting started in this dynamic field." Choice, Vol 40, No 8, April 2003 "... a very timely and authoritative documentation of modern plant developmental biology and highly recommend it for advanced graduate and postgraduate students and also scientists interested in this topic." Martin Huelskamp, Universitat Koln, BioEssays, April 2004 "This is a 'must-have' volume for any scientist with even a peripheral interest in plant development. Leyser and Day have provided a welcome addition for anyone looking for an up-to-date book for an upper-level undergraduate or graduate course in plant development." Clive Edwards, Ohio State University for the Quaterly Review of Biology, March-May 2003Table of ContentsPreface, viii Introduction, IX Sources for Figures, xi Chapter 1: An introduction to flowering plants, 1 Alternation of generations, 1 Gametophyte development, 1 Development of the sporophyte, 3 Further reading, 18 Chapter 2: Characteristics of plant development, 19 Plant cells, 19 Larger patterns, 24 Theoretical framework for the study of developmental mechanisms, 26 Conclusions, 27 Further reading, 27 Chapter 3: Cell-intrinsic information, 29 Lineage, 29 Case study 3.1: Laser ablation of cells in the Arabidopsis root tip, 34 Case study 3.2: Green–white–green periclinal chimeras, 36 Case study 3.3: Mutations affecting division patterns, 39 Relationship between age and position, 43 Case study 3.4: Mutations affecting the rate of leaf initiation in Arabidopsis, 44 Conclusions, 46 Further reading, 46 Chapter 4: Primary axis development, 48 Embryonic axes, 48 Case study 4.1: Longitudinal axis of the Fucus embryo, 49 Case study 4.2: Longitudinal axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 54 Case study 4.3: Radial axis of the Arabidopsis embryo, 64 Conclusions, 71 Further reading, 71 Chapter 5: Axis development in the leaf and flower, 74 Leaves, 74 Case study 5.1: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the leaf, 75 Case study 5.2: Proximodistal axis of the leaf, 84 Case study 5.3: Determinate nature of leaf development, 87 Flowers, 91 Case study 5.4: Radial axis of the flower, 92 Case study 5.5: Adaxial–abaxial axis of the Antirrhinum flower, 100 Conclusions, 104 Further reading, 105 Chapter 6: Position relative to a particular cell, tissue or organ, 110 Case study 6.1: The pattern of trichomes on the Arabidopsis leaf, 111 Case study 6.2: The pattern of root hairs in Arabidopsis, 116 Case study 6.3: Phyllotaxy, 123 Case study 6.4: Coordination of leaf and vascular development, 131 Conclusions, 134 Further reading, 134 Chapter 7: Light, 138 Light perception, 138 Developmental responses to light, 143 Case study 7.1: Light-induced germination, 143 Case study 7.2: Seedling etiolation and photomorphogenesis, 146 Case study 7.3: Shade escape, 151 Case study 7.4: Phototropism, 154 Case study 7.5: Photoperiodic control of flowering, 156 Conclusions, 161 Further reading, 161 Chapter 8: Environmental information other than light, 165 Case study 8.1: Gravitropism, 165 Case study 8.2: Thigmomorphogenesis, 172 Case study 8.3: Effects of uneven nutrient supply on root development, 177 Case study 8.4: Vernalization, 180 Conclusions, 186 Further reading, 186 Chapter 9: The coordination of development, 190 Case study 9.1: Initiation and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem, 191 Case study 9.2: Transition from embryonic to post-embryonic development, 200 Case study 9.3: Phase transitions in post-germination development, 203 Case study 9.4: Shoot branching, 213 Conclusions, 219 Further reading, 220 Chapter 10: A comparison of plant and animal development, 224 Control of cell fate, 225 Development of pattern, 226 Consequences of autotrophy versus heterotrophy, 229 Conclusions, 230 Further reading, 230 Index, 233

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Book SynopsisThis detailed volume presents a variety of animal models that are commonly used to study sepsis and some key procedures to measure specific disease outcomes.Table of Contents1. Cecal Ligation and Puncture Susanne Drechsler and Marcin Osuchowski 2. Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis (CASP) Anna Herminghaus and Olaf Picker 3. Induction of Sepsis via Fibrin Clot Implantation Sailaja Ghanta, Min-Young Kwon, and Mark A. Perrella 4. Cecal Slurry Injection in Neonatal and Adult Mice Jaimar C. Rincon, Philip A. Efron, Lyle L. Moldawer, and Shawn D. Larson 5. Injection of Escherichia coli to Induce Sepsis Xian-Hui He, Dong-Yun Ouyang, and Li-Hui Xu 6. A Mouse Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia Brian W. LeBlanc and Craig T. Lefort 7. A Mouse Model of Candidiasis Pilar Fajardo, Ana Cuenda, and Juan José Sanz-Ezquerro 8. Francisella tularensis Infection of Mice as a Model of Sepsis Charles T. Spencer, Mireya G. Ramos Muniz, Nicole R. Setzu, and Michelle A. Sanchez 9. A Mouse Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Belgacem Mihi, Wyatt E. Lanik, Qingqing Gong, and Misty Good 10. A Murine Model of Full-Thickness Scald Burn Injury with Subsequent Wound and Systemic Bacterial Infection Antonio Hernandez, Naeem K. Patil, and Julia K. Bohannon 11. Mouse Intensive Care Unit (MICU) Tamara Merz, Sandra Kress, Michael Gröger, Peter Radermacher, and Oscar McCook 12. Creation of BLT Humanized Mice for Sepsis Studies Erica L. Heipertz and Wendy E. Walker 13. Scoring Sepsis Severity in Mice Tina S. Mele 14. Identification of ILC2 in the Lung Using Flow Cytometry Hui Xu and Meihong Deng 15. Measurement of Intestinal Permeability During Sepsis Takehiko Oami and Craig M. Coopersmith 16. Sepsis Biomarkers Yachana Kataria and Daniel Remick 17. Detection of Blood Cell Surface Biomarkers in Septic Mice Dinesh G. Goswami and Wendy E. Walker 18. Microfluidic Chips for Sepsis Diagnosis Yun Zhou, Yijia Yang, and Dimitri Pappas 19. Analgesia and Humane Endpoints for Rodents in Sepsis Research Christine A. Boehm and Jean A. Nemzek 20. Agent-Based Modeling of Systemic Inflammation: A Pathway towards Controlling Sepsis Gary An and Chase Cockrell

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Book SynopsisProtocols to Assess the Aging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.- Analyzing Muscle Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo.- Tubular Aggregates as a Marker of Aging in Skeletal Muscle.- Fusion of Human Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells with Primary Human Chondrocytes Using the Modified Adherence Method (MAM).- Multiplex PCR for the Rapid Diagnosis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.- Ex Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells.- Evaluation of Anti-Aging Agents Using the D-Galactose-Induced Accelerated Aging Model.- Methods to Detect and Compare Cellular and Mitochondrial Changes in Senescent and Healthy Mesenchymal Stem Cells.- Transfer of Mitochondria from Healthy Stem Cells to Injured Cells in Stroke with Retinal Impairments.- A Protocol for Detecting DNA Methylation Changes at CpG Sites of Stemness-Related Genes in Aging Stem Cells.- Robust Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo Using Small Molecule Cocktails.- A Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Screen Identifies Regulatory Genes for Stem Cell Aging.- Immunocompetent  Brain  Organoids  with  Microglia  Allow  Advanced  Aging  Research.- Quality Control in Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Fat Models for Aging Studies.- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Isolation and Induction of Acute and Replicative Senescence.- Delivery of Stem Cell Rejuvenating Compounds via Subcutaneous Osmotic Pumps.- Isolation Procedure for Rat Pancreatic Ductal Cells.- Polychromatic Flow Cytometry to Identify Rare Aged Hematopoietic Stem Cell Subpopulations.- Isolation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from an Apheresis Sample.- Quantifying Muscle Regeneration: Activated Muscle Satellite Cells and New Regenerated Myofibers in Chronic and Acute Degeneration Models.- Identification of De Novo Dividing Stem Cells.- Rat Ductal Cell-Derived Differentiation into Islet-Like Cells.

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Book SynopsisEvidence grows daily of the changing climate and its impact on plants and animals. Plant function is inextricably linked to climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. On the shortest and smallest scales, the climate affects the plant's immediate environment and so directly influences physiological processes.Trade Review"...this book is timely, and focused on plants more widely than the title suggests, ranging from organ physiology through to ecosystem responses. I recommend the book for advanced students, teachers and researchers who have interests in, and need to consider, a wide range of plant-environmental processes, not just the complexities of plant responses to 'climate change'..." Annals of Botany, 1-1, 2007Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. 1. Recent and future climate change and its implications for plant growth. David Viner, Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, James I.L. Morison, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK and Craig Wallace, Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. 2. Plant responses to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Lewis H. Ziska and James A. Bunce, Crop Systems and Global Change, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland, USA. 3. The significance of temperature in plant life. Christian Körner, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 4. Temperature and plant development: phenology and seasonality. Annette Menzel, Department of Ecology, Technical University of Munich, Germany and Tim Sparks, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Huntingdon, UK. 5. Responses of plant growth and functioning to changes in water supply in a changing climate. William J. Davies, Department of Biological Sciences, Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, UK. 6. Water availability and productivity. João S. Pereira, Maria-Manuela Chaves, Maria-Conceição Caldeira and Alexandre V. Correia,m Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, Portugal. 7. Effects of temperature and precipitation changes on plant communities. M. D. Morecroft, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK and J.S. Paterson, Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Oxford, UK. 8. Issues in modelling plant ecosystem responses to elevated CO2: interactions with soil nitrogen. Ying-Ping Wang, CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia and Ross McMurtrie, Belinda Medlyn and David Pepper, School of Biological Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 9. Predicting the effect of climate change on global plant productivity and the carbon cycle. John Grace & Rui Zhang, Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Science, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, UK. References. Index

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Book SynopsisThe Nature of Light and Its Interaction with Matter.- Principles and Nomenclature for the Quantification of Light.- Generation and Control of Light.- The Measurement of Light.- Light as a Tool for Biologists: Recent Developments.- Terrestrial Daylight.- Underwater Light.- Action Spectroscopy in Biology.- Spectral Tuning in Biology  I: Pigments.- Spectral Tuning in Biology  II: Structural Color.- Photoactive Proteins.- Molecules and Photochemical Reactions in Biological Light Perception and Regulation.- Photoreceptive Proteins and Their Evolution.- Signaling Crosstalk under the Control of Plant Photoreceptors.- The Diversity of Eye Optics.- The Evolution of Photosynthesis and Its Environmental Impact.- Photosynthetic Light Harvesting.- How Light Resets Circadian Clocks.- Photomorphogenesis and Photoperiodism in Plants.- The Light-Dependent Magnetic Compass.- Phototoxicity.- Ozone Depletion and the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation.- Vitamin D: Photobiological and Ecological AspTrade Review“The book ‘Photobiology–the Science of Life and Light’ provides an excellent source of information to build upon or refresh one’s background knowledge of the physics of light with respect to its interaction in biological systems. … with the coverage of an enormous range of different topics, this book provides a comprehensive and entertaining introduction into the field of photobiology. Therefore, the book is perfectly suited for educational purpose as well.” (Torsten Jakob, Journal of Plant Physiology, Vol. 192, 2016)“This interesting and informative text, edited and largely written by Björn (emer., Lund Univ., Sweden), an expert in many aspects of the photobiology of plants … . The treatment of plants and animals is balanced, and useful comparisons and evolutionary relationships are discussed for photoreceptor molecules and processes. … Each topic gives sufficient background for non-experts to gain an appreciation of the subject matter. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners.” (L. C. Davis, Choice, Vol. 52 (12), August, 2015)Table of Contents1. The Nature of Light and Its Interaction with Matter Lars Olof Björn 2. Principles and Nomenclature for the Quantification of LightLars Olof Björn 3. Generation and Control of LightLars Olof Björn 4. The Measurement of LightLars Olof Björn5. Light as a Tool for Biologists: Recent DevelopmentsLars Olof Björn6. Terrestrial DaylightLars Olof Björn 7. Underwater LightCurtis D. Mobley 8. Action Spectroscopy in BiologyLars Olof Björn 9. Spectral Tuning in Biology I: PigmentsLars Olof Björn and Helen Ghiradella 10. Spectral Tuning in Biology II: Structural ColorHelen Ghiradella, Lars Olof Björn and Shuichi Kinoshita11. Photoactive ProteinsLars Olof Björn12. Molecules and Photochemical Reactions in Biological Light Perception and RegulationLars Olof Björn 13. Photoreceptive Proteins and Their EvolutionLars Olof Björn 14. Signaling Crosstalk under the Control of Plant PhotoreceptorsLei Jiang and Shaoshan Li15. The Diversity of Eye OpticsLars Olof Björn 16. The Evolution of Photosynthesis and Its Environmental ImpactLars Olof Björn and Govindjee 17. Photosynthetic Light HarvestingTihana Mirkovic and Gregory D. Scholes18. How Light Resets Circadian ClocksAnders Johnsson, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster and Wolfgang Engelmann 19. Photomorphogenesis and Photoperiodism in PlantsJames L. Weller 20. The Light-Dependent Magnetic CompassRachel Muheim and Miriam Liedvogel21. PhototoxicityLars Olof Björn and Pirjo Huovinen 22. Ozone Depletion and the Effects of Ultraviolet RadiationLars Olof Björn and Richard L. McKenzie 23. Vitamin D: Photobiological and Ecological Aspects Lars Olof Björn 24. The Photobiology of Human SkinMary Norval 25. Light-Promoted InfectionLars Olof Björn26. BioluminescenceLars Olof Björn and Helen Ghiradella 27. Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Origin of LifeLars Olof Björn, Shaoshan Li, Qiu Qiu and Yutao Wang28. Hints for Teaching Experiments and DemonstrationsLars Olof Björn 29. The Amateur Scientist’s SpectrophotometerLars Olof Björn

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