Dentistry and related oral medicines Books

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Book SynopsisAn interdisciplinary textbook on dry mouth, Xerostomia: An Interdisciplinary Resource for Practitioners provides an overview of xerostomia for physicians, dentists, nurses, speech-language pathologists, and otolaryngologists who encounter the condition in their practice. Xerostomia is a common condition, yet only one in seven cases are referred to a speech-language pathologist or otolaryngologist for treatment. Featuring contributions from speech-language pathologists, otolaryngologists, dentists, oral pathologists, and nurses, the text’s interdisciplinary approach and evidence-based framework provides practitioners with an awareness and understanding of xerostomia that will improve interprofessional coordination and enhance patient care. With a robust accompanying website including patient education resources, Xerostomia addresses the following topics: An otolaryngologist’s view of xerostomia, including causes, symptoms, evaluation, and treatment Patient perspectives of living with xerostomia, including quality of life measures and new research findings Effect of xerostomia on dental and oral health Voice disorders associated with xerostomia Impact of xerostomia on swallowing The science of saliva, including composition and production Pharmacological management of xerostomia Xerostomia: An Interdisciplinary Resource for Practitioners provides indispensable information for general practitioners, internists, dentists, nurses, otolaryngologists, speech-language pathologists, and speech-language pathology students, as well as any health care practitioners who encounter patients with xerostomia.Table of Contents Dedication Acknowledgments About the Editor Contributing Authors Introduction Xerostomia Patient Pages Chapter 1 Interdisciplinary Patient-­Centered Care for Patients With Xerostomia Chapter 2 Living With Xerostomia Chapter 3 The Science of Saliva Chapter 4 Causes, Evaluation, and Treatment of Xerostomia Chapter 5 Oral and Dental Effects of Xerostomia Chapter 6 Swallowing, Xerostomia, and Hyposalivation Chapter 7 Voice Disorders and Xerostomia Chapter 8 Pharmacological Management of Xerostomia Appendix: Drugs Having an Adverse Reaction of Xerostomia Financial Disclosures Index

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Book SynopsisThe field of tooth whitening has continued to develop as more and more dental practitioners have turned to cosmetic dentistry and associated aesthetic facial procedures. This new edition of an acclaimed text covers recent technical innovations, but also looks at the latest innovations in practice to treat the single tooth or lesions and white spots. The editor is extremely well placed to give expert advice on how to incorporate whitening into a full aesthetic facial practice.Table of ContentsDiscoloration of teeth; The science of tooth whitening; Tooth whitening materials; Treatment planning for successful whitening; The home whitening technique; Home whitening trays; In office power bleaching; Intracoronal whitening of non-vital teeth; Single tooth whitening of vital teeth; The microabrasion technique and white spot eradication; Molar incisor hypoplasia; Restorative aspects of tetracycline discoloration; Whitening treatments for tetracycline discoloration; Over the counter whitening strips; Combining whitening techniques and minimally invasive treatments; The effect of whitening on restorative materials; A guide to aesthetic treatment after whitening; Comparison of results of whitening results; Nightguard vital bleaching; Tooth sensitivity to whitening; Safety and toxicological considerations for tooth bleaching; Whitening for patients under 18; Managing and developing a successful whitening practice; Whitening, therapeutic aesthetics and oral health improvement.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Vesiculobullous Diseases 2. Ulcerative Conditions 3. White Lesions 4. Red-Blue Lesions 5. Pigmented Lesions 6. Verrucal-Papillary Lesions 7. Connective Tissue Lesions 8. Salivary Gland Diseases 9. Lymphoid Lesions 10. Cysts of the Jaws and Neck 11. Odontogenic Tumors 12. Benign Nonodontogenic Tumors 13. Inflammatory Jaw Lesions 14. Malignancies of the Jaws 15. Metabolic and Genetic Diseases 16. Abnormalities of Teeth

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"An essential for those planning on further training in the restorative field."Table of Contents1. Role and Significance of Restorative Dental Materials 2. The Oral Environment 3. Materials-Centered Treatment Design 4. Fundamentals of Materials Science 5. Testing of Dental Materials and Biomechanics 6. Biocompatibility and Tissue Reaction to Biomaterials 7. General Classes of Biomaterials 8. Preventative and Intermediary Materials 9. Restorative Materials: Resin Composites and Polymers 10. Restorative Materials: Metals 11. Restorative Materials: Ceramics 12. Restorative Materials: Impression and Casting 13. Materials for Adhesion and Luting 14. Digital Imaging and Processing for Restorations 15. Dental and Orofacial Implants 16. Tissue Engineering Appendix: Conversion of Units

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1: Orientation to Basic Nutrition 1. Overview of Healthy Eating Habits 2. Concepts in Biochemistry 3. The Alimentary Canal: Digestion and Absorption 4. Carbohydrate: The Efficient Fuel 5. Protein: The Cellular Foundation 6. Lipids: The Condensed Energy 7. Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance 8. Vitamins Required for Calcified Structures 9. Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures 10. Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures 11. Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands 12. Water and Minerals Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands Part II: Considerations of Clinical Nutrition 13. Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in Women 14. Nutritional Requirements during Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health 15. Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health 16. Other Considerations Affecting Nutrient Intake 17. Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional Status and Oral Health Part III: Nutritional Aspects of Oral Health 18. Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment 19. Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease 20. Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral Cavity 21. Nutritional Assessment and Counseling for Dental Hygiene Patients Appendix Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisFor fast, accurate, and efficient coding, pick this practical HCPCS reference! Buck''s 2021 HCPCS Level II provides an easy-to-use guide to the latest HCPCS codes. It helps you locate specific codes, comply with coding regulations, manage reimbursement for medical supplies, report patient data, code Medicare cases, and more. Spiral bound, this full-color reference simplifies coding with anatomy plates (including Netter''s Anatomy illustrations) and ASC (Ambulatory Surgical Center) payment and status indicators. In addition, it includes a companion website with the latest coding updates. Access to this product, which may be at the discretion of your institution, is up to 3 years of online and perpetual offline access. Elsevier reserves the right to restrict or remove access due to changes in product portfolio or other market conditions. UNIQUE! Current Dental Terminology (CDT) codes from the American Dental Association (ADA) offer

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Book SynopsisThe Manual of Clinical Procedures in Dentistry covers everything you need to know about the core procedures in dentistry, how to do them, and the rationale that underpins them.Table of ContentsPreface List of Contributors 1 The Changing Nature of the Practice of DentistryNairn Wilson 2 An Overview of Patterns and Trends in Oral and Dental DiseasesJenny Gallagher 3 Requirements in the Clinical EnvironmentBarry Quinn and Richard Johnson 4 Communicating With PatientsKoula Asimakopoulou, Tim Newton, Sasha Scambler and Suzanne Scott 5 Obtaining Valid ConsentIgor Blum, Rebecca Moazzez and Nikki Doyle 6 Procedures in the Assessment and Examination of PatientsStephen Dunne and Warren Birnbaum 7 Procedures and Arrangements for the Prevention of Oral and Dental DiseasesBlanaid Daly and Koula Asimakopoulou 8 Procedures in Dental ImagingJackie Brown and Jonathan Davies 9 Procedures in the Management of Dental PainTara Renton 10 Procedures in Conscious SedationDavid Craig 11Procedures in Operative DentistryRichard Foxton 12 Procedures in EndodonticsFrancesco Mannocci, Justin Barnes, David Jones, Edward Brady, Malissa Sikun and Manjeet Ahlowalia 13 Procedures in Implant DentistryRichard Palmer 14 Procedures in Oral MedicineMichael Escudier and Saman Warnakulasuriya 15 Procedures in Oral SurgeryTara Renton 16 Procedures in OrthodonticsMartyn Cobourne 17 Procedures in Paediatric DentistrySanjeev Sood 18 Procedures in PeriodonticsMark Ide and Claire McCarthy 19 Procedures in ProsthodonticsMichael Fenlon 20 Procedures in Special Care DentistryCarole Boyle, Mary Burke, Julie Edwards, Ellie Heidari, Joy Lewis, Sukina Moosajee and Najla Nizarali 21 Procedures in the Management of Acute Dental TraumaSerpil Djemal, Sanjeev Sood, Ravi Chauhan and Lakshmi Rasaratnam 22 Procedures in Aesthetic DentistrySubir Banerji and Shamir Mehta 23 Medical EmergenciesKathleen Fan, Syedda Abbas, Shariff Anwar, Nikolas Fanaras, Leandros Vassiliou, Rahul Jayaram, Andrew Ross and Suranjana Lahiri 24 Audit in Dental PracticeJackie Brown, Heather Pitt]Ford, Ellie Heidari and Dominic Flanagan 25 Procedures for the Management of Patient Concerns and ComplaintsCatherine Bryant Index

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Book SynopsisEven with the option of dental implants, periodontists, restorative dentists,and general dentists alike continue to treat patients'' natural teeth on a day-to-day basis. Procedures including crown lengthening surgery, furcation treatment, mucogingival therapy, and tooth restoration are essential treatment regimes requiring multifaceted expertise. Periodontal-Restorative Interrelationships: Ensuring Clinical Success provides guidelines for comprehensive treatment planning, and features step-by-step clinical instruction for periodontal and restorative procedures from beginning to end. As a result, the book fosters better understanding and increased efficiencies between specialties, resulting in shorter treatment times and consistently better therapeutic outcomes. Periodontal-Restorative Interrelationships: Ensuring Clinical Success begins with a careful discussion of treatment planning, comprehensively covering all variables in simple to complex cases. Subsequent chapteTable of ContentsContributors ix Chapter 1 Examination and Diagnosis 3 Paul Fugazzotto and Sergio DePaoli Establishing an Appropriate Treatment Plan 3 Determining Periodontal Treatment Endpoints 19 Rationale for Pocket-Elimination Periodontal Surgery 20 Junctional Epithelial Adhesion or Connective Tissue Attachment? 22 The Signifi cance of Furcation Involvements 23 The Infl uence of Restorative Margins 23 Does Pocket-Elimination Therapy Work? 23 Conclusion 26 Chapter 2 The Role of Crown-Lengthening Therapy 31 Paul Fugazzotto Management of the Apico-occlusal Dimension 32 Incision Design 40 Conclusion 84 Chapter 3 Treating the Periodontally Involved Furcation 89 Paul Fugazzotto Defi nitions of Furcation Involvements 89 Diagnosing Premolar Furcation Involvements 94 Treatment of Class I Furcations 95 Treatment of Class II Furcations 98 Treatment of Class III Furcations 109 Maxillary vs. Mandibular Furcations 110 Selecting the Appropriate Treatment Modality 110 Conclusions 113 Chapter 4 The Role of Mucogingival Therapy 117 Paul Fugazzotto Indications for Mucogingival Surgery 120 Nonattached Gingival Autografts 122 Lateral Pedicle Flaps 126 Connective-Tissue Grafts 131 Guided Tissue Regeneration 133 Indications for Emdogain Use 134 Constructing a Clinically Based Treatment Decision Tree 138 Mucogingival Therapy at the Time of Crown-Lengthening Surgery 139 Conclusions 140 Chapter 5 Restoration of the Periodontally Treated Tooth 147 Frederick Hains The Feather 147 The Chamfer 150 The Shoulder 150 Periodontal Ramifi cations and Prosthetic Adaptations 154 Impressions 161 Chapter 6 Developing Treatment Algorithms for Restoration or Replacement of the Compromised Tooth 165 Paul Fugazzotto and Frederick Hains Diagnostic Requirements 165 Assessing the Individual Tooth 166 The Ability to Safely Perform Crown-Lengthening Surgery 167 Endodontic Considerations 167 Implant Receptor Site Considerations 168 Assessing Cost-Benefi t Ratios 168 Complexity of Care 172 Predictability of Care 173 The Cost of Retreatment 176 Conclusion 180 Index 183

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Implant Dentistry is a basic guide to foundational knowledge and skills and their application in clinical practice. More comprehensive than a procedural atlas and more accessible than a specialist reference, this text is an indispensable tool for dental students and clinicians beginning work with dental implants.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii About the Companion Website viii 1 Introduction to Dental Implants 1 2 Implant–Tissue Interface Biology 23 3 Implant Biomechanics 43 4 Implant Systems 63 5 Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning 81 6 Essentials for Implant Treatment 103 7 Surgical Planning and Procedures 119 8 Single–Implant Crowns 145 9 Multi–Unit Implant Fixed Prostheses 159 10 Mandibular Implant Overdentures 173 11 Advanced Topics: Surgery 193 12 Advanced Topics: Prosthetics 211 13 Complications 225 Appendix A 243 Appendix B 247 Index 249

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Book SynopsisUltrasonic Periodontal Debridement: Theory and Technique is the first textbook to focus exclusively on this fundamentally important component of periodontal therapy.Trade Review“This book has been proficiently designed with clarity and the latest evidence, making it of excellent value to every clinician's library – from undergraduate students and hygiene therapists to experienced general dental practitioners.” (British Dental Journal, 14 November 2015)Table of ContentsAbout the authors vii Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii SECTION I: FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS 1 The treatment of periodontal disease: the shift from “SRP” to “Periodontal Debridement” 3 2 Comparison of periodontal debridement instrumentation modalities 23 SECTION II: ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY 3 What is ultrasonic instrumentation? 41 4 Ultrasonic tip design and selection 63 SECTION III: CLINICAL APPLICATION 5 Patient assessment 85 6 Ultrasonic instrumentation technique 111 7 Ultrasonic instrumentation technique modules 139 8 Case studies in ultrasonic debridement 181 Glossary 207 Index 211

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Book SynopsisManual of Temporomandibular Disorders, Third Edition, provides comprehensive, evidence-based information on temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Table of ContentsPreface xv Introduction 1 Part I Initial Evaluation 5 Chapter 1 Patient Interview 11 Chapter 2 Review of the Initial Patient Questionnaire 31 Chapter 3 Clinical Examination 39 Chapter 4 Imaging 71 Chapter 5 TMD Diagnostic Categories 81 Chapter 6 Contributing Factors 97 Part II Common Acute TMD Conditions and Treatments 103 Chapter 7 TMD Secondary to Trauma 105 Chapter 8 TMD Secondary to Dental Treatment 109 Chapter 9 Lateral Pterygoid Spasm 125 Chapter 10 Intermittent and Continuous Forms of TMJ Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening 131 Chapter 11 TMJ Subluxation and Luxation 145 Part III Occlusal Appliance Therapy 149 Chapter 12 Stabilization Appliance 153 Chapter 13 Anterior Positioning Appliance 213 Part IV Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach 223 Chapter 14 Self-Management Th erapy 229 Chapter 15 Physical Medicine 247 Chapter 16 Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention 261 Chapter 17 Pharmacological Management 275 Chapter 18 Other Dental Procedures 295 Chapter 19 Integrating Multidisciplinary Therapies 313 Part V Case Scenarios 331 Case 1: Pulpal Pathosis Mimicking TMD Symptoms 333 Case 2: Tooth Pain: No TMD Pain 335 Case 3: Chronic Sinusitis 336 Case 4: Chronic Forehead Pain Referred from the Neck 337 Case 5: Myalgia Secondary to Nocturnal Parafunctional Habits 339 Case 6: Tooth Attrition: No Pain 340 Case 7: Myalgia Secondary to Daytime Parafunctional Habits 341 Case 8: Medial Pterygoid Spasm 342 Case 9: Tension, Depression, and Poor Sleep as Contributing Factors 343 Case 10: Fibromyalgia as a Contributing Factor 344 Case 11: TMJ Disc Displacements and When to Treat Th em: No Pain 345 Case 12: TMJ Arthralgia 346 Case 13: TMJ Disc Displacement with Reduction with Intermittent Locking 347 Case 14: TMJ Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening: Unlocked 349 Case 15: TMJ Disc Displacement without Reduction with Limited Opening: Not Unlocked 350 Case 16: Osteitis Causing Inability to Open Wide 353 Case 17: Lateral Pterygoid Spasm 354 Case 18: Acute Exacerbation of TMD 357 Case 19: Multiple Forms of Head and Neck Pain after Crown Insertion 359 Case 20: Appliance Th at Positioned Condyles into Th eir Proper Position 360 References 362 Part VI Fundamentals of Clinical Studies 365 Appendices 385 Glossary 419 Index 423

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Book SynopsisThe long-term success of periodontal therapy is dependent on proper diagnosis and removal of subgingival tooth-borne accretions in the form of calculus and bacteria. From a clinical perspective, better visualization during the diagnostic and therapeutic phases has been shown to yield better results compared to traditional approaches.Table of ContentsContributors vii Introduction ix About the Companion Website xi 1 Overview of Minimally Invasive Therapy 1Stephen K. Harrel and Thomas G. Wilson Jr. 2 Visualization for Minimally Invasive Periodontal Therapy: An Overview 3Stephen K. Harrel 3 Ultrasonic Endoscopic Periodontal Debridement 13John Y. Kwan and Suzanne M. Newkirk 4 Endoscope Use in Daily Hygiene Practice 55Kara Webb and Angela R. Anderson 5 The Use of the Dental Endoscope and Videoscope for Diagnosis and Treatment of Peri-Implant Diseases 65Thomas G. Wilson Jr. 6 Development of Minimally Invasive Periodontal Surgical Techniques 77Stephen K. Harrel 7 The MIS and V-MIS Surgical Procedure 81Stephen K. Harrel 8 Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique and Modified-MIST in Periodontal Regeneration 117Pierpaolo Sandro Cortellini 9 Minimally Invasive Soft Tissue Grafting 143Edward P. Allen and Lewis C. Cummings 10 Future Potential for Minimally Invasive Periodontal Therapy 165Stephen K. Harrel and Thomas G. Wilson Jr. Index 171

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Book SynopsisEndodontic Microbiology, Second Edition presents a comprehensive reference to the microbiology, pathogenesis, management, and healing of endodontic pathosis, emphasizing the importance of biological sciences in understanding and managing endodontic disease and its interaction with systemic health.Table of ContentsContributors ix Preface xi Preface to the First Edition xiii 1 Microbial Perspectives in the Twenty-First Century 1William Wade 2 Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Global Impact of Endodontic Infections 11Dag Ørstavik 3 Microbiology of Dental Caries and Dentinal Tubule Infection 25Robert M. Love and Anne C.R. Tanner 4 Culture-Based Analysis of Endodontic Infections 51Gunnar Dahlén 5 Molecular Analysis of Endodontic Infections 81José F. Siqueira, Jr, and Isabela N. Rôças 6 Extraradicular Endodontic Infections 129Brenda P. F. A. Gomes and Ericka T. Pinheiro 7 Virulence of Endodontic Bacterial Pathogens 149Christine Sedgley 8 Viruses in Endodontic Pathosis 179Mohamed Sabeti 9 Fungi in Endodontic Infections 197Bilge Hakan Sen and B. Güniz Baksi 10 Severe Head and Neck Infections 231Jaime S. Brahim and Robert A. Ord 11 Endodontic Infections and Pain 251Anibal Diogenes and Ken M. Hargreaves 12 Systemic Antibiotics in Endodontic Infections 269Ashraf F. Fouad 13 Topical Antimicrobials in Endodontics 287Anil Kishen 14 Endodontic Infections in Incompletely Developed Teeth 311George T.J. Huang, Domenico Ricucci, and Louis M. Lin 15 Prognosis of Healing in Treated Teeth with Endodontic Infections 341Shimon Friedman 16 Endodontic Infections and Systemic Disease 385Ashraf F. Fouad Glossary 409 Index 413

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Book SynopsisDental caries has been called a silent epidemic and is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting children. Though much has been written on the science and practice of managing this disease, publications are diverse in their loci, preventing easy access to the reader. Early Childhood Oral Health coalesces all the important information related to this topic in a comprehensive reference for students, academics, and practitioners.This second edition expands the scope of the first and puts an additional focus on interprofessional and global efforts that are necessary to manage the growing disease crisis and screening and risk assessment efforts that have expanded with the boom of new technologies. With updated references and incorporating the latest research, chapters address the biology and epidemiology of caries, the clinical management of early childhood caries, risk assessment, and early diagnosis. Other topics include public health approaches to managing caries woTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Notes on contributors x Introduction: Why this book? 1Joel H. Berg Early childhood caries: Definition and epidemiology 15Burton L. Edelstein, Courtney H. Chinn, Robert J. Laughlin and Christie L. Custodio]Lumsden Early childhood caries disease prevention and management 47Man Wai Ng and Zameera Fida Managing caries: Obtaining arrest 67Kevin J. Donly Use of fluoride 104Norman Tinanoff The dental home 120Arthur J. Nowak and Paul S. Casamassimo Examination of infants and toddlers 134Adriana Segura Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities 153Jessica De Bord Anticipatory guidance 169Arthur J. Nowak and Paul S. Casamassimo Caries risk assessment: Rationale, uses, tools, and state of development 193James J. Crall, Rocio B. Quinonez and Andrea F. Zandoná Family oral health education 221Tegwyn H. Brickhouse Community programs and oral health 245Jessica Y. Lee Interprofessional education and practice 258Melinda B. Clark, Mayumi Willgerodt and Rocio B. Quinonez Building an infant] and toddler]friendly practice, 272David K. Curtis Policy issues in the Affordable Care Act concerning pediatric oral health insurance coverage 302C. Scott Litch Future directions 317Rebecca L. Slayton Index 329

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Book SynopsisThis innovative new book offers a user-friendly guide to securing a successful, varied, and fulfilling career in dentistry.Table of ContentsForeword ixAcknowledgements xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 The National Health Service 6 Career 8 Portfoliocareer 13 Working paradigms 15 Planning your career 18 Being a dental professional 20 Workforce and workforce planning 23 Bibliography 25 Chapter 2 Demography and society in the United Kingdom 28 Demography – general 29 Population size 30 Population age 30 General health 33 Oral health 35 Health of dentists 42 Dental care professionals 44 Working patterns 45 Impact on dental professionals 46 Technology rising 48 Retirement 51 Bibliography 55 Chapter 3 Dental opportunities 57 Is the dental workforce today the workforce we will need in 10–20 years and beyond? 57 How can I develop a portfolio career? 58 Dental careers –variety and opportunity 63 Useful organisations 96 Bibliography 97 Chapter 4 Coaching and mentoring 99 Coaching 100 Mentoring 104 Career planning 110Personal development 113 Useful organisations 116 Bibliography 116 Chapter 5 Case studies of dental professionals 118 Mrs Janet Clarke MBE 121 Miss Bal Chana 123 Dr Shazad Khan Malik 125 Dr Emma Worrell 126 Mrs Sophie Noske 128 Professor Ros Keeton 130 Dr Derek Richards 132 Professor Deborah White 134 ReenaPatel 136 Mrs Penny McWilliams 138 Short biographies 139 Conclusion 149 Chapter 6 Networking and networks 150 How do you network? 152 What networking should not be 155 Where can you network? 155 Types of network 156 Electronic networks 157 Network map 158 Curriculum vitae 160 Bibliography 166 Chapter 7 Training and qualifications 167 Credit accumulation transfer schemes 168 Clinical programmes 169 Nonclinical programmes 170 Financial investment 178 Other sources of information about courses 179 Useful organisations and networks 179 Case studies 179 How to develop experience 183 Professional associations and other useful addresses 185Bibliography 185 Index 187

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Book SynopsisDiagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth offers dental professionals a comprehensive review of the aetiology and diagnosis of furcation defects, including treatment options. Provides a practical manual for the successful diagnosis and treatment of a therapeutic challenge for general dentists and periodontists Presents illustrative photographs of clinical cases and procedures Offers a helpful chapter on patient-reported outcomes Includes a companion website with video clips and case studies Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Foreword ix Preface xi About the Companion Website xiii 1 Anatomy of Multi]rooted Teeth and Aetiopathogenesis of the Furcation Defect 1Bernadette Pretzl 2 Clinical and Radiographic Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Furcation Involvement 15Peter Eickholz and Clemens Walter 3 How Good are We at Cleaning Furcations? Non]surgical and Surgical Studies 33Jia]Hui Fu and Hom]Lay Wang 4 Furcation: The Endodontist’s View 55Federica Fonzar and Riccardo Fabian Fonzar 5 Why do We Really Care About Furcations? Long]term Tooth Loss Data 91Luigi Nibali 6 Regenerative Therapy of Furcation Involvements in Preclinical Models: What is Feasible? 105Nikolaos Donos, Iro Palaska, Elena Calciolari, Yoshinori Shirakata, and Anton Sculean 7 Regenerative Therapy of Furcations in Human Clinical Studies: What has been Achieved So Far? 137Søren Jepsen and Karin Jepsen 8 Furcation Therapy: Resective Approach and Restorative Options 161Roberto Rotundo and Alberto Fonzar 9 Furcation Tunnelling 177Stefan G. Rüdiger 10 Innovative and Adjunctive Furcation Therapy: Evidence of Success and Future Perspective 191Luigi Nibali and Elena Calciolari 11 Furcation: Why Bother? Treat the Tooth or Extract and Place an Implant? 209Nikos Mardas and Stephen Barter 12 Is it Worth it? Health Economics of Furcation Involvement 229Falk Schwendicke and Christian Graetz 13 Deep Gaps between the Roots of the Molars: A Patient’s Point of View 249Luigi Nibali 14 Assessment of Two Example Cases Based on a Review of the Literature 257Luigi Nibali 15 Furcations: A Treatment Algorithm 269Luigi Nibali Index 285

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive and highly illustrated reference on current topics in esthetic dental implant therapy Advances in Esthetic Implant Dentistryprovides a current, comprehensive overview of esthetic implant therapy. Offering innovative step-by-step protocols for surgical techniques and case studies, the book presents practical, clinically oriented guidance firmly anchored in solid scientific research. A companion website provides videos of clinical procedures and follow-up case studies. The book emphasizes the physiology of labial plate of bone and its influence to the overall fate of implant placement in fresh extraction sites, including several cutting-edge techniques to restore and treat deficient labial plate of bone. A novel chapter offers a solid protocol to diagnose, categorize, and treat implant-related gingival recession predictably. Highlights novel esthetic protocols in dental implantology, applying the latest advances in clinical techniques to real-world dentistryFollows Table of ContentsForeword xv List of Contributors xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi About the Companion Website xxiii 1 Modern Trends in Esthetic Implant Therapy 1 1.1 Predictability of Esthetic Implant Therapy 1 1.2 Where We Were 2 1.3 Where We are Now 4 1.4 The Era of Peri‐implant Soft Tissue Optimization 10 1.5 Soft Tissue Bio‐characterization and Influence 11 1.6 Role of Interim Restorations 13 1.6.1 Using or Modifying an Existing Prosthesis 14 1.6.2 Removable Partial Dentures 14 1.6.3 Adhesive Bridges 15 1.7 The Value of Patient Records 15 1.8 The Value of Team 16 1.9 Fulfilling Patient Expectations in Esthetic Implant Therapy 18 1.9.1 Ideal Patient–Clinician Relation 18 1.9.2 Hazardous Effects of Poor Dental Practice 19 1.9.3 Financial Resolution 20 References 21 2 Extraoral Clinical Reflections 27 2.1 Value of a Smile to Human Beings 27 2.1.1 Human Face 28 2.2 Smile Art 29 2.3 Smile Pattern 30 2.4 Smile Design 32 2.5 Smile Landmarks 34 2.5.1 Intercommissure Line 34 2.5.2 Smile Arc 35 2.5.3 Vestibular Reveal 36 2.6 The Lip Influence 37 2.7 Teeth Morphology 40 2.7.1 Age 41 2.7.2 Gender 43 2.7.3 Personality 43 2.8 Symmetry 44 References 46 3 Esthetic Outcome of Immediately Implanted and Loaded Implants in the Esthetic Region: A Discussion of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence 49 3.1 Preclinical Evidence 49 3.1.1 Flapless Extraction Surgeries: Basis for Its Use 49 3.1.2 Implant Buccolingual Positioning 51 3.1.3 Jumping Gap and Implant Surface 53 3.1.4 Gap Filling and Implant Coronoapical Positioning 55 3.1.5 Presence and Thickness of the Buccal Bone Plate (Tissue Biotype) 60 3.2 Clinical Evidence 60 References 66 4 Novel Concepts in Restoring Defective Labial Plate of Bone in Immediate Implant Therapy 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.1.1 Treatment Benefits of Immediate Implant Placement in the Esthetic Zone 69 4.1.1.1 Reduced Treatment Time 70 4.1.1.2 Improved Patient Acceptance 70 4.1.1.3 Better Esthetics 70 4.1.2 Treatment Complications with Immediate Implant Placement 71 4.1.2.1 Facial Recession 71 4.1.2.2 Dropped Facial Contours 71 4.1.2.3 Poor Esthetics and Tissue Discoloration 72 4.2 Reasons for Inconsistent Outcome with Immediate Implant Placement 72 4.2.1 Lack of Diagnostic Tools 72 4.2.2 Reduced Levels of Technical Skills 76 4.2.3 Accuracy of Positioning of the Implant 78 4.2.4 Nature of the Labial Plate of Bone 78 4.2.5 Influence of Implant Fixture Diameter 79 4.2.6 Risk Factors 82 4.2.6.1 Socket Trauma 82 4.3 Arbitrary Flapless Implant Fixture Installation 84 4.3.1 The Effect of Loading Protocol 88 4.3.2 The Influence of Socket Related Pathology 89 4.3.3 Discussion 93 4.4 Socket Preservation Therapy 95 4.5 Novel Concepts to Treat Defective Labial Plate of Bone 98 4.5.1 Block Autografts 98 4.5.2 Fitted Autogenous Bone Veneers 100 4.5.3 Using Monocortical Allografts 106 4.5.4 Using Guided Tissue Regeneration 110 4.5.5 Socket Repair Kit 114 4.5.6 Composite Grafts 117 4.6 Conclusion 126 References 128 5 Peri‐implant Tissue Stability: Prevalence, Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment 137 5.1 Introduction 137 5.2 Prevalence of Implant Related Tissue Migration 138 5.3 Factors that Lead to Implant‐related Gingival Recession 139 5.3.1 Background 139 5.3.2 Physiologic Factors 140 5.3.2.1 Influence of Thickness of the Labial Plate of Bone 140 5.3.2.2 Influence of Tissue Phenotype 141 5.3.2.3 Influence of the Underlying Periosteum 144 5.3.2.4 The Influence of the Immediate Implant Placement on Alveolar Bone Remodeling 146 5.3.2.5 Other Related Factors 147 5.3.3 Technical Factors 148 5.3.3.1 Implant Positioning Errors 148 5.3.3.2 The Influence of the Implant Collar Design 149 5.3.3.3 The Influence of the Provisional and Prosthetic Designs 150 5.3.3.4 Miscellaneous Factors 152 5.4 Classification of Implant‐related Gingival Recession 153 5.5 Recession Scoring Template 154 5.6 Treatment of Implant‐related Gingival Recession 155 5.6.1 Preventive Treatment Options 155 5.6.1.1 Innovative Implant-related Designs 155 5.6.1.2 Thickness Doubling of the Labial Tissue Volume 157 5.6.1.3 Subcrestal Implant Placement 165 5.6.2 Treatment for Class I Recession 165 5.6.3 Treatment for Class II Recession 169 5.6.4 Treatment for Class III Recession 178 5.7 Conclusion 187 References 187 6 Revisiting Guided Bone Regeneration in the Esthetic Zone 197Rawad Samarani 6.1 Introduction 197 6.2 Biological Rationale and Historic Overview 197 6.3 Surgical Protocol and Special Considerations for the Esthetic Zone 198 6.3.1 Flap Design 198 6.3.1.1 Incisions at the Edentulous Site 198 6.3.1.2 Incisions at the Adjacent Teeth and Vertical Releasing Incisions 199 6.3.1.3 Flap Advancement 199 6.3.2 Recipient Site Preparation 201 6.3.3 Bone Graft and Membrane Placement 208 6.3.4 Sutures 229 6.4 Revisiting the Barrier Membranes and the Bone Grafts 230 6.4.1 Barrier Membranes 230 6.4.1.1 Non‐resorbable Membranes 230 6.4.1.2 Resorbable Membranes 230 6.4.2 Bone Grafts 233 6.4.2.1 Autogenous Bone Grafts 233 6.4.2.2 Allografts 234 6.4.2.3 Xenografts 235 6.4.2.4 Alloplasts 237 6.4.2.5 Combining Different Bone Substitutes 237 6.4.2.6 Potential Use of Growth Factors 237 6.5 Soft Tissue Corrections after GBR Procedures in the Esthetic Zone 237 6.6 Complications 238 6.6.1 Wound Dehiscence and Material Exposure 238 6.6.1.1 PTFE membranes 238 6.6.1.2 Resorbable membranes 239 6.6.2 Neurological Complications 239 6.7 Conclusion 239 References 239 7 Perfecting Implant Related Esthetic via Using Optimum Surgical Guides 247Giampiero Ciabattoni, Alessandro Acocella, and Roberto Sacco 7.1 Introduction 247 7.2 Conventional Guided Implant Placement: Clinical and Surgical Planning 248 7.2.1 Pre‐surgical and Virtual Planning 248 7.2.2 Surgical Procedure 253 7.3 Post‐extractive Guided Implant Placement: Clinical and Surgical Procedure 255 7.3.1 Pre‐surgical and Virtual Planning 256 7.3.2 Surgical Procedure 258 References 259 8 Restorative Space & Implant Position Optimization 263 8.1 Restorative Space Management 263 8.2 Loss of Restorative Space 263 8.3 Magnitude of Restorative Space 264 8.3.1 Horizontal Space Component 264 8.3.2 Vertical Space Component 265 8.4 Methods to Optimize Deficient Horizontal Space 265 8.4.1 Enameloplasty/Coronoplasty 265 8.4.2 The Use of Narrow Diameter Implants 266 8.4.3 Orthodontic Movement 266 8.5 Methods to Optimize Vertical Space Insufficiency 269 8.5.1 Orthodontic Management 269 8.5.1.1 Excessive Space 269 8.5.1.2 Management of Deficient Vertical Restorative Space 271 8.5.1.3 Screw‐retained Abutments 273 8.5.2 Crown Lengthening 273 8.5.3 Osseous Crest Management 275 8.5.4 Distraction Osteogenesis (for Optimization Excessive Vertical Space) 275 8.6 Factors Influencing Implant Positioning 276 8.6.1 The Grip 276 8.6.2 Accuracy of the Surgical Guide 276 8.6.3 Sharpness of the Cutting Flutes of the Drills 277 8.6.4 The Use of Positioning Devices 277 8.6.5 The Use of Computerized Navigation Surgery 277 8.6.6 Implant Morphology and Design 278 8.6.7 Implant Positioning Rationale 280 8.6.7.1 Mesiodistal Position 281 8.6.7.2 Implant Angulation Rationale 282 8.6.7.3 Axial Positioning Rationale 286 8.7 Treatment of Malposed Implants 288 References 296 9 Treatment Complications and Failures with Dental Implants 301 9.1 Introduction 301 9.1.1 Implant Failure Terms 302 9.2 Prevalence of Implant-related Treatment Complications 305 9.3 Anatomical Related Treatment Complications 306 9.4 Predictability of Regenerative Materials and Techniques 308 9.4.1 Etiology of Bone Grafting Complications 309 9.4.1.1 Soft Tissue Influence on the Regenerative Therapy Outcome 309 9.4.1.2 Influential Factors to Wound Healing 314 9.4.1.3 Management of Mucoperiosteal Flap Dehiscence 317 9.4.2 Treatment Complications with the Use of Autografts 318 9.4.2.1 Donor Site Complications 320 9.4.2.2 Recipient Site Complications 320 9.4.3 Complications with Allographs 327 9.4.3.1 Inconsistent Regenerative Outcome and Questionable Osteoinduction 329 9.4.4 Complications with Alloplasts 334 9.4.5 Complications with Titanium Mesh 336 9.4.6 Predictable Guidelines for Regenerative Procedure 338 9.4.6.1 Identify the Nature of the Defect 338 9.4.6.2 Predict the Host Response 340 9.4.6.3 Optimal Soft Tissue Management and Closure 346 9.4.6.4 Stability and Space Making for Graft Material 347 9.4.6.5 Selection of Suitable Regenerative Approach & Material 348 References 350 Index 359

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Book SynopsisDiseases and Conditions in Dentistry: An Evidence-Based Referenceis the ideal, one-stop guide for dentistry clinicians to keep at their side. Provides a quick reference for the busy clinician covering diseases and conditions in endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics and restorative dentistry Offers identically formatted chapters following the same clear and concise layout with detailed clinical cases and evidence-based discussions Features a companion website with additional clinical photographs, radiographs, and case notes Trade Review"In order to make each chapter easier to read, the author uses the same format, including definitions, etiology, classifications, epidemiology, relevant history and special investigations, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment challenges, management options, maintenance issues, and relevant evidence from the literature […] The book is an excellent guide for under- and post-graduate students, and for those preparing for the ORE,"MFDS, MSc, MRD, ISFE, MClinDent, and DClinDent specialty exams.Table of ContentsContents Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxiii Image Contributors xxv Abbreviations xxvii About the Companion Webstite xxix 1 Aggressive Periodontitis 1 1.1 Definition 1 1.1.1 Primary Features 1 1.1.2 Secondary Features 1 1.2 Classification 1 1.3 Prevalence 1 1.4 Aetiology and Pathogenesis 1 1.4.1 Bacteria 2 1.4.2 Genetic Susceptibility 2 1.4.3 Smoking 2 1.5 Screening 2 1.6 Diagnosis 2 1.7 Prognosis 2 1.8 Treatment 2 1.8.1 Systemic Antibiotics 3 1.8.2 Local Antimicrobials 3 References 8 2 Amelogenesis Imperfecta 11 2.1 Definition 11 2.2 Aetiology 11 2.3 Epidemiology 11 2.4 Classification 11 2.5 Diagnostic Clinical Features 11 2.5.1 Hypoplastic Type 11 2.5.2 Hypocalcified Type 11 2.5.3 Hypomaturation Type 11 2.6 Relevant History 12 2.7 Relevant Investigations 12 2.8 Prognosis 12 2.9 Treatment Considerations 12 2.9.1 Management of Children 12 2.9.2 Mixed Dentition 13 2.9.3 Permanent Dentition 13 2.9.4 Adulthood 13 2.10 Survival of Restorations 13 References 18 3 Apical Periodontitis 19 3.1 Definitions and Classification 19 3.2 Relevant Anatomy 19 3.3 Immunopathology 19 3.4 Aetiology 20 3.5 Microbiology 20 3.6 Radiology 21 3.7 Diagnosis 21 3.8 Epidemiology 23 3.9 Endodontic Treatment Considerations 23 3.9.1 Local Anaesthesia 23 3.9.2 Isolation and Disinfection 23 3.9.3 Access Cavity Preparation 23 3.9.4 Magnification 23 3.9.5 Working Length Determination 23 3.9.6 Root Canal Preparation Techniques 24 3.9.7 Irrigation and Debridement 24 3.9.8 Interappointment Medication 24 3.9.9 Obturation Techniques 24 3.9.10 Coronal Restoration 25 3.9.11 Review 25 3.9.12 Exacerbation 25 3.10 Endodontic Retreatment 25 3.11 Prognosis and Outcome of Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment 26 3.11.1 Preoperative Factors 26 3.11.2 Intraoperative Factors 26 3.11.3 Post-Treatment Factors 26 3.12 Surgical Endodontic Treatment 26 3.12.1 Indications 26 3.12.2 Contraindications 26 3.12.3 Flap Design 27 3.12.4 Specific Anatomy 27 3.12.5 Bone Removal 27 3.12.6 Root End Preparation 27 3.12.7 Root End Filling 27 3.12.8 Prognosis and Outcomes 27 3.12.8.1 Preoperative Factors 28 3.12.8.2 Intraoperative Factors 28 References 29 4 Bisphosphonates and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw 33 4.1 Definition and Staging 33 4.2 Pathogenesis 33 4.3 Prevalence 33 4.4 Prevention 34 4.5 Assessment and Investigations 34 4.6 Treatment Considerations 34 References 36 5 Caries 37 5.1 Definition and Aetiology 37 5.2 Pathogenesis 37 5.3 Epidemiology 37 5.4 Classification 37 5.5 Relevant History 38 5.6 Clinical Examination of Caries 38 5.7 Differential Diagnosis 38 5.8 Prevention 38 5.8.1 Tooth Brushing and Mechanical Plaque Control 38 5.8.2 Diet 38 5.8.3 Fluoride 38 5.8.4 Fissure Sealing 39 5.9 Treatment Considerations 39 5.9.1 Primary Teeth 39 5.9.2 Permanent Teeth 39 5.9.2.1 Minimally Invasive Techniques 39 5.9.2.2 Treatment of Exposed Pulp in Permanent Teeth 40 References 41 6 Chronic Periodontitis 45 6.1 Definition and Classification 45 6.2 Clinical Features and Characteristics 45 6.3 Periodontal Indices 45 6.4 Epidemiology 47 6.5 Risk Factors 47 6.5.1 Local Risk Factors 47 6.5.2 Systemic Risk Factors 47 6.5.2.1 Smoking Tobacco 47 6.5.2.2 Diabetes 47 6.5.2.3 Genetics 48 6.5.2.4 Osteoporosis 48 6.5.2.5 Psychosocial Factors 48 6.5.2.6 Other Considerations 48 6.6 Microbiology 48 6.7 Pathogenesis 49 6.8 Role of Occlusal Trauma 49 6.9 Treatment 50 6.9.1 Treatment Goals 50 6.9.2 Treatment Phases 50 6.9.2.1 Systemic Phase 50 6.9.2.2 Initial Hygiene Phase 50 6.9.2.2.1 Mechanical Supragingival Plaque Control 50 6.9.2.2.2 Chemical Supragingival Plaque Control 51 6.9.2.3 Non-Surgical Therapy 51 6.9.2.3.1 Management of Tooth Mobility 52 6.9.2.4 Corrective Phase (Additional Therapy) 52 6.9.2.4.1 Periodontal Surgery 52 6.9.2.4.2 Outcome of Periodontal Surgery 53 6.9.2.4.3 Treatment of Teeth with Furcation Involvement 53 6.9.2.4.4 Periodontal Regeneration 54 6.9.2.5 Maintenance Phase 55 References 58 7 Cleft Lip and Palate 63 7.1 Introduction 63 7.2 Complications 63 7.3 Dental Abnormalities 63 7.4 Management of Patients with CLP 63 7.4.1 Infancy and Primary Dentition Stage 64 7.4.2 Mixed Dentition 64 7.4.3 Permanent Dentition 64 7.4.3.1 Orthodontic Treatment 64 7.4.3.2 Orthognathic Surgery 64 7.4.3.3 Distraction Osteogenesis (DO) 64 7.4.3.4 Restorative Treatment 65 References 67 8 Combination Syndrome 69 8.1 Defining Features 69 8.2 Pathogenesis 69 8.3 Clinical Assessment 69 8.4 Prevention 70 8.5 Treatment Considerations 70 8.6 Management of Flabby Ridge 70 8.7 Management of Denture-Induced Stomatitis 71 References 72 9 Complete Edentulism 75 9.1 Introduction 75 9.2 Treatment Stages 75 9.3 Denture Support 75 9.4 Challenging Conditions 75 9.5 Complete Denture Occlusion 76 9.5.1 Measuring Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD) 76 9.5.2 Registration of Centric Relation (CR) 76 9.5.3 Complete Denture Occlusal Schemes 76 9.5.3.1 Bilateral Balanced Occlusion 76 9.5.3.2 Monoplane Scheme of Occlusion 77 9.5.3.3 Linear Occlusion Scheme 77 9.5.4 Occlusal Adjustment 77 9.6 Setting Up the Teeth in Complete Denture 77 9.7 Tooth Size and Shape 78 9.8 Soft Liners and Tissue Conditioners 78 9.9 Copy Denture 78 9.10 Complete Denture Troubleshooting 79 References 81 10 Deep Overbite 83 10.1 Definition and Prevalence 83 10.2 Aetiology 83 10.3 Classification 83 10.4 Treatment Options 83 10.4.1 Orthodontic Treatment 83 10.4.2 Orthognathic Surgery 84 10.4.3 Prosthodontic and Restorative Treatment 84 References 86 11 Dens Invaginatus 87 11.1 Definition and Terminology 87 11.2 Aetiology and Prevalence 87 11.3 Classification 87 11.4 Clinical Examination and Investigations 87 11.5 Treatment Considerations 88 References 90 12 Dentine Hypersensitivity 93 12.1 Definition 93 12.2 Prevalence 93 12.3 Aetiology and Pathogenesis 93 12.4 History and Examination 93 12.5 Management 94 12.5.1 Management of DHS in Patients with Gingival Recession and/or Periodontal Disease 94 12.5.2 Management of DHS in Patients with Tooth Surface Loss 94 References 96 13 Dentinogenesis Imperfecta and Dentine Dysplasia 99 13.1 Definition 99 13.2 Classification and Clinical Features 99 13.3 Aetiology and Pathogenesis 99 13.4 Epidemiology 100 13.5 Differential Diagnoses 100 13.6 Relevant History and Special Investigations 100 13.7 Treatment Considerations 100 13.7.1 Primary Dentition 100 13.7.2 Permanent Dentition 101 References 104 14 Dentoalveolar Trauma 105 14.1 Introduction 105 14.2 Displaced and Malpositioned Teeth 105 14.3 Loss of Vitality and Discolouration 105 14.4 Ankylosis and Root Resorption 106 14.5 Lost Teeth 106 14.5.1 Exodontia Considerations 106 14.5.2 Role of Orthodontists 106 14.5.3 Autotransplantation 106 14.5.4 Prosthetic Tooth Replacement 107 References 113 15 Discolouration 115 15.1 Introduction 115 15.2 Intrinsic Discolouration 115 15.2.1 Alkaptonuria 115 15.2.2 Congenital Hyperbilirubinaemia 115 15.2.3 Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria 115 15.2.4 Tetracycline Staining 115 15.2.5 Pulpal Disease 115 15.2.6 Root Resorption 116 15.2.7 Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) 116 15.2.8 Dentinogenesis Imperfecta (DI) 116 15.2.9 Fluorosis 116 15.2.10 Ageing 116 15.2.11 Other Conditions Associated with Enamel Defects 116 15.3 Extrinsic Discolouration 116 15.4 Treatment Options 116 15.5 Tooth Bleaching 117 15.5.1 Bleaching Techniques 117 15.5.1.1 Vital Bleaching (External Bleaching) 117 15.5.1.2 Non‐Vital Bleaching (Internal Bleaching) 117 15.5.1.3 Inside/Outside Bleaching 117 15.5.2 Bleaching Products 117 15.5.2.1 Whitening Gels 117 15.5.2.2 Whitening Strips 117 References 118 16 Ectodermal Dysplasia 121 16.1 Definition and Prevalence 121 16.2 Classification 121 16.3 Aetiology 121 16.4 Diagnosis and Clinical Features 121 16.5 Management Considerations 122 16.6 Restorative Treatment 122 16.6.1 Direct Restorations 122 16.6.2 Indirect Restorations 122 16.6.3 Removable Dentures 122 16.6.4 Implants 122 References 124 17 External Root Resorption 127 17.1 Introduction 127 17.2 Aetiology and Pathogenesis 127 17.3 External Invasive Cervical Root Resorption 127 17.4 History and Examination 128 17.5 Differential Diagnosis 128 17.6 Treatment Considerations 128 17.6.1 Non‐Surgical Management 128 17.6.2 Surgical Management 129 17.6.3 Endodontic Treatment 130 References 131 18 Failed Restoration and Compromised Tooth 133 18.1 Introduction 133 18.2 Direct Restorations 133 18.2.1 Amalgam Restorations 133 18.2.2 Composite Restorations 133 18.2.3 GIC, Resin‐Modified GIC and Compomers 134 18.3 Indirect Restorations 134 18.3.1 Crowns 134 18.3.1.1 Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) Crowns 135 18.3.1.2 All‐Ceramic Crowns 135 18.3.1.3 Full Gold Crowns (FGG) 135 18.3.2 Inlays and Onlays 135 18.3.3 Veneers 136 18.4 Restoration of Root‐Treated Teeth 136 References 140 19 Fluorosis 143 19.1 Definition 143 19.2 Aetiology and Pathogenesis 143 19.3 Prevalence 143 19.4 Clinical Features and Classifications 143 19.5 Diagnosis 143 19.6 Treatment Considerations 144 References 146 20 Fractured Endodontic Instrument 147 20.1 Incidence 147 20.2 Causative Factors and Prevention 147 20.3 Impact on Outcome of Endodontic Treatment 147 20.4 Management Strategies 148 20.5 Factors Affecting Removal of Fractured Instruments 148 20.6 Fragment Removal 149 References 151 21 Fractured or Failed Post 153 21.1 Introduction 153 21.2 Reasons for Failure of Post‐Retained Restorations 153 21.3 Factors to Consider 153 21.4 Risks of Post Removal 153 21.5 Post Removal Techniques 154 References 157 22 Gingival Enlargement and Gingivitis 159 22.1 Introduction 159 22.2 Aetiology and Clinical Features 159 22.3 Diagnosis 160 22.4 Management 160 References 164 23 Gingival Recession 165 23.1 Introduction 165 23.2 Aetiology and Risk Factors 165 23.3 Classification 166 23.4 Diagnosis 166 23.5 Prevention and Non‐Surgical Management 166 23.5.1 Monitoring and Maintenance 166 23.5.2 Adhesive Restorations 166 23.5.3 Gingival Prosthesis 166 23.5.4 Orthodontic Space Closure 167 23.6 Surgical Treatment 167 23.6.1 Gingival Augmentation 167 23.6.2 Surgical Root Coverage 168 23.6.2.1 Pedicle Soft Tissue Grafts 168 23.6.2.2 Free Soft Tissue Grafts 169 23.6.2.3 Prognostic Factors 169 23.6.2.4 Clinical Outcome of Various Root Coverage Procedures 170 23.6.3 Surgical Reconstruction of Interdental Papillae 170 23.6.4 Periodontal Microsurgery 170 References 173 24 Halitosis 177 24.1 Terminology 177 24.2 Aetiology 177 24.3 Epidemiology 177 24.4 Classification 177 24.5 Diagnosis 177 24.6 Management Strategies 178 References 179 25 Hypodontia 181 25.1 Definition and Classification 181 25.2 Aetiology 181 25.3 Epidemiology 181 25.4 Clinical Features 181 25.5 History and Examination 182 25.6 Relevant Investigations 182 25.7 Care Pathway 182 25.8 Multidisciplinary Team 182 25.9 Restorative Considerations 183 25.10 Treatment Considerations 183 25.10.1 Preventive Care 183 25.10.2 Treatment Options for Missing Teeth 183 25.10.3 Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors 183 25.10.3.1 Space Closure 183 25.10.3.2 Space Opening 184 25.10.4 Missing Mandibular Incisor Teeth 184 25.10.5 Maxillary Midline Diastema 184 25.10.6 Management of Retained Primary Teeth 184 25.10.7 Prosthetic Options to Replace the Missing Teeth 185 25.10.7.1 Resin-bonded Bridge (RBB) 185 25.10.7.2 Conventional Bridge 186 25.10.7.3 Removable Partial Denture (RPD) and Overdenture 186 25.10.7.4 Implant‐Retained Prosthesis 186 25.10.8 General Maintenance Requirements 187 References 191 26 Internal Root Resorption 193 26.1 Definition 193 26.2 Pathogenesis 193 26.3 Predisposing Factors 193 26.4 Epidemiology 193 26.5 Classification 193 26.6 Diagnosis 193 26.6.1 Clinical Features 194 26.6.2 Radiographic Features 194 26.7 Treatment Considerations 194 References 196 27 Irrigation Accidents 197 27.1 Introduction 197 27.2 Types of Incidents and Common Causes 197 27.3 Signs and Symptoms 197 27.4 Prevention 197 27.5 Management 198 References 200 28 Low Maxillary Sinus Floor 201 28.1 Introduction 201 28.2 Sinus Floor Elevation Techniques 201 28.2.1 Lateral Approach 201 28.2.1.1 Indications and Contraindications 201 28.2.1.2 Preoperative Assessment 201 28.2.1.3 Surgical Approach 202 28.2.1.4 Bone Grafting 202 28.2.1.5 Postoperative Care and Complications 203 28.2.2 Crestal Approach 203 28.3 Implant Survival 203 References 204 29 Microdontia 207 29.1 Definition, Prevalence and Classification 207 29.2 Aetiology 207 29.3 Examination and Diagnosis 207 29.4 Management 207 References 210 30 Necrotising Periodontal Diseases 211 30.1 Introduction 211 30.2 Epidemiology 211 30.3 Predisposing Factors 211 30.4 Clinical Features and Diagnosis 211 30.5 Microbiology and Histology 211 30.6 Management 212 30.6.1 Acute Phase Treatment 212 30.6.2 Treatment of Chronic Periodontal Disease 212 30.6.3 Corrective Phase Treatment 212 30.4 Maintenance 212 References 213 31 Occlusal Issues and Occlusion 215 31.1 Definitions 215 31.2 Occlusal Philosophies 215 31.3 Assessment and Recording of Occlusion 216 31.4 Articulators 216 31.5 Face‐bow 216 31.6 Conformative Approach 217 31.7 Reorganisation of Occlusion 217 31.8 Determinants of Posterior Occlusal Morphology 217 References 219 32 Oncology‐Related Defects in Mandible 221 32.1 Introduction 221 32.2 Roles of the Multidisciplinary Team in Head and Neck Cancer Management 221 32.3 Consequences of Cancer Surgery in Mandible 222 32.4 Classification of Mandibular Defects 222 32.5 Rehabilitation of Mandibular Defects 222 32.5.1 Surgical Reconstruction of Mandibular Defects 222 32.5.2 Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Mandibular Defects 223 32.5.2.1 Pretherapy Dental Screening 223 32.5.2.2 Prosthetic Challenges 223 32.5.2.3 Conventional Prosthetic Management 224 32.5.2.4 Implants in Oncology Patients 224 32.5.2.4.1 Indications and Limitations 224 32.5.2.4.2 Relevant History and Preoperative Examination 224 32.5.2.4.3 Planning, Timing and Design Considerations 225 32.5.2.4.4 Primary Implants 225 32.5.2.4.5 Implants in Irradiated Bone 225 32.5.2.4.6 Implants in Grafted Bone Flaps 225 References 229 33 Oncology‐Related Defects in Maxillae 233 33.1 Maxillary Tumours 233 33.2 Surgical Resection 233 33.3 Classification of Maxillary Defects 233 33.4 Surgical Reconstruction 234 33.4.1 Local and Regional Flaps 234 33.4.2 Soft Tissue Free Flaps 234 33.4.3 Hard Tissue or Composite Free Flaps 234 33.5 Prosthetic Treatment 234 33.6 Alterations at Surgery to Facilitate Prosthetic Treatment 234 33.7 Prosthetic Treatment Phases 235 33.7.1 Surgical Obturator 235 33.7.2 Interim Obturator 235 33.7.3 Definitive Obturator 236 33.8 Soft Palate Defects 236 33.9 Osseointegrated Implants 236 References 238 34 Open Apex (Immature Non‐Vital Teeth) 241 34.1 Definition 241 34.2 Aetiology 241 34.3 Classification 241 34.4 Management Strategies 241 34.4.1 Working Length Determination in Teeth with Open Apices 241 34.4.2 Irrigation Considerations 241 34.4.3 Calcium Hydroxide Apexification 242 34.4.4 Placement of an Apical Plug to Create an Artificial Apical Barrier 242 34.4.4.1 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate 242 34.4.4.2 Biodentine® 242 34.4.5 Regenerative Endodontic Treatment 242 References 244 35 Open Bite 247 35.1 Definition and Classification 247 35.2 Aetiology 247 35.3 Incidence 247 35.4 Indications for Treatment 247 35.5 Treatment Options 247 35.5.1 Prevention 247 35.5.2 Orthodontic Treatment 247 35.5.3 Orthognathic Surgery 248 35.5.4 Restorative Treatment 248 References 250 36 Osteoradionecrosis 251 36.1 Definition and Pathogenesis 251 36.2 Prevalence 251 36.3 Risk Factors 251 36.4 Classification of ORN 251 36.5 Diagnosis 252 36.6 Prevention 252 36.6.1 Pre‐Radiotherapy Dental Assessment and Extractions 252 36.6.2 Patient Education 252 36.6.3 Minimising Trauma 252 36.6.4 Prophylactic Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Antibiotics 252 36.7 Management 253 References 254 37 Partial Edentulism – Implant Treatment 257 37.1 Introduction 257 37.2 Preoperative Patient Assessment 257 37.2.1 History 257 37.2.2 Clinical Examination 257 37.2.3 Special Investigations 257 37.3 Risk Factors 258 37.3.1 Local Risk Factors 258 37.3.2 Systemic Risk Factors 258 37.3.3 Behavioural Risk Factors 259 37.4 Risk Assessment and Patient Consent 259 37.5 Treatment Considerations 259 37.5.1 Planning Stage 259 37.5.2 Surgical Stage 260 37.5.3 Prosthetic Treatment 260 37.5.4 Replacement of the Anterior Teeth with Implants 261 37.5.5 Replacement of the Posterior Teeth with Implants 261 37.5.6 Considerations in Bruxist Patients 261 37.5.7 Maintenance 262 37.5.8 Implant Complications 262 37.5.8.1 Biological Complications 262 37.5.8.1 Mechanical Complications 262 37.5.8.1 Aesthetic Complications 263 37.5.8.1 Evidence 263 37.6 Implant Survival 263 37.6.1 Implant‐Retained Single Crowns 263 37.6.2 Implant‐Retained Bridge 263 37.7 Timing of Implant Placement after Tooth Extraction 263 37.8 Timing of Implant Loading 264 References 269 38 Partial Edentulism – Partial Denture Treatment 273 38.1 Introduction 273 38.2 Removable Partial Denture Types 273 38.2.1 Acrylic Dentures 273 38.2.2 Cobalt-Chromium RPDs 273 38.2.3 Flexible Dentures 274 38.2.4 Hypoallergenic Dentures 274 38.2.5 PEEK‐based RPDs 274 38.3 Classification of Partially Dentate Arches 274 38.4 General Guidelines 274 38.5 RPD Design 274 38.5.1 Surveying 274 38.5.2 Occlusal Analysis 274 38.5.3 Replacing Anterior Teeth 274 38.5.4 Milled Crowns 275 38.5.5 Components of RPD Design 275 38.5.6 Saddle Areas 275 38.5.7 Rests 275 38.5.8 Retentive Clasps 275 38.5.9 Indirect Retainer 275 38.5.10 Mandibular Major Connectors 275 38.5.11 Maxillary Major Connectors 276 38.5.12 Minor Connectors 276 38.6 Swing‐Lock RPD 276 References 278 39 Perforation 281 39.1 Definition 281 39.2 Causes 281 39.3 Pathogenesis 281 39.4 Epidemiology 281 39.5 Classification 281 39.6 Diagnosis 281 39.7 Prognosis 282 39.8 Management 282 39.8.1 Extraction 282 39.8.2 Non‐Surgical Treatment 282 39.8.3 Surgical Treatment 282 39.9 Treatment Outcomes 283 References 285 40 Peri‐Implant Diseases 287 40.1 Definitions 287 40.2 Aetiology 287 40.3 Risk Factors 287 40.4 Prevalence 287 40.5 Diagnostic Criteria 287 40.6 Patient Assessment 288 40.6.1 Implant Identification 288 40.6.2 Relevant History 288 40.6.3 Assessment of Suprastructure 288 40.6.4 Assessment of Individual Fixtures 288 40.6.5 Assessment of Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue 288 40.6.6 Radiographic Assessment 288 40.7 Management of Peri‐Implant Mucositis 288 40.8 Management of Peri‐Implantitis 288 References 291 41 Periodontal Abscess 293 41.1 Definition and Classification 293 41.2 Pathogenesis 293 41.3 Prevalence 293 41.4 Microbiology 293 41.5 Diagnosis 293 41.6 Differential Diagnosis 294 41.7 Treatment 294 References 296 42 Periodontic‐Endodontic Lesion 297 42.1 Definition and Classification 297 42.2 Diagnosis 297 42.3 Prognosis 297 42.4 Management 298 References 300 43 Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Disease 301 43.1 Introduction 301 43.2 Periodontitis Associated with Haematological Disorders 301 43.3 Periodontitis Associated with Genetic Disorders 301 43.4 Periodontitis Associated with Other Conditions (Not Otherwise Specified Group) 303 References 305 44 Radiotherapy Side Effects 307 44.1 Introduction 307 44.2 Radiation‐Induced Oral Mucositis 307 44.3 Xerostomia 308 44.3.1 Organ‐Sparing Radiotherapy 308 44.3.2 Salivary Gland Tissue Transfer 308 44.3.3 Preventive Medication 308 44.3.4 Salivary Stimulation 308 44.3.5 Saliva Substitution 308 44.4 Oral Infections 308 44.5 Trismus (Restricted Mouth Opening) 309 References 311 45 Ridge Defects (Generalised) 313 45.1 Introduction 313 45.2 Classifications 313 45.3 Neutral Zone Impression Technique for Resorbed Ridges 313 45.4 Magnet‐Retained Conventional Overdenture 314 45.5 Implant‐Supported Overdentures 314 45.6 Full‐Arch Implant‐Retained Fixed Prosthesis 315 References 317 46 Ridge Defects (Localised) 319 46.1 Introduction 319 46.2 Ridge Augmentation by Soft Tissue Grafts 319 46.3 Ridge Augmentation with Hard Tissue Surgery 320 46.3.1 Anatomical Repositioning Techniques 320 46.3.2 Bone Grafting 320 References 324 47 Shortened Dental Arch (SDA) 325 47.1 Definition 325 47.2 History 325 47.3 Effect of SDA on Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life 325 47.4 Effect of Tooth Loss on Masticatory Function 325 47.5 Effect of SDA on Occlusal Stability 325 47.6 Effect of SDA on Temporomandibular Joint 326 47.7 Alternative Treatment Options 326 References 327 48 Supernumerary, Fusion and Gemination 329 48.1 Supernumerary (Hyperdontia) 329 48.1.1 Prevalence 329 48.1.2 Classification 329 48.1.3 Aetiology 329 48.1.4 Oral and Dental Complications 329 48.1.5 Examination and Diagnosis 329 48.1.6 Management 330 48.2 Fusion 330 48.2.1 Classification 330 48.2.2 Aetiology 330 48.2.3 Incidence 330 48.2.4 Relevant Investigations 330 48.2.5 Treatment Options 330 48.3 Gemination 331 References 332 49 Temporomandibular Disorders 335 49.1 Definition 335 49.2 Prevalence 335 49.3 Classification 335 49.4 Aetiology 335 49.5 Diagnosis 336 49.6 Special Investigations 336 49.7 Management 336 49.7.1 Patient Education 336 49.7.2 Jaw Exercise and Manual Therapy 336 49.7.3 Acupuncture 336 49.7.4 Pharmacotherapy 337 49.7.5 Occlusal Stabilising Splint Therapy 337 49.7.6 Anterior Repositioning Splint 337 49.7.7 Occlusal Adjustment 337 49.7.8 TMJ Lavage 337 49.7.9 Surgery 337 References 338 50 Tooth Wear 341 50.1 Definitions and Clinical Features 341 50.2 Aetiology 341 50.2.1 Parafunction and Occlusion 341 50.2.2 Intrinsic Acids 341 50.2.3 Extrinsic Acids 342 50.3 Prevalence 342 50.4 Classification 342 50.5 History and Examination 343 50.6 Prevention 343 50.7 Management of Worn Teeth 343 50.7.1 Conformative Approach 343 50.7.2 Reorganisation Approach 343 50.7.3 Occlusal Splint Therapy Prior to VD Increase 344 50.7.4 Fixed Restorations 344 50.7.4.1 Direct Fixed Restorations 344 50.7.4.2 Indirect Fixed Restorations 344 50.7.5 Crown Lengthening 345 50.7.6 Removable Treatment Options 345 50.7.7 Maintenance 346 References 350 Index 355

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Book SynopsisComprehensively describes bone augmentation techniques and their application to the different anatomical regions of the upper and lower jaws. Bone Augmentation by Anatomical Region is a unique, evidence-based guide focusing on each specific anatomical region anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible in order to emphasize the correct implemented procedures needed to successfully perform oral osseous reconstruction. Numerous ridge augmentation techniques are covered, including: horizontal and vertical guided bone regeneration, autologous block transplantation, interpositional bone grafting, allogeneic blocks, sandwich technique, split-expansion ridge technique, and sinus floor grafting. Non-augmented approaches such as forced socket site extrusion and the installation of digitally printed implants are also presented and discussed. Guides readers on tackling bone augmentation via anatomical region of the jaTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgement xvii About the Companion Website xix Introduction xxi Part I Basic Mechanisms 1 1 The Anatomy of the Maxilla and the Mandible: Related Structures and Inserted Muscles 3Dmitri Lev and Zvi Artzi 2 Biologic Conditions for Bone Growth and Maintenance: Managing the Oxidative Stress 17Joseph Choukroun, Elisa Choukroun, and Maximilien Parnot 3 Biomaterials Selection – Cellular Interactions During Regenerative and Remodeling Phases 43Itzhak Binderman, Michal Halperin-Sternfeld, Erez Netanely, Snježana Pohl, Robert A. Horowitz, and Zvi Artzi 4 Allogeneic Bone Grafts 61Michele Jacotti and Fabio Bernardello 5 The Role of Osteopromotive Membranes in Guided Bone Regeneration 69Elena Calciolari, Aliye Akcalı, and Nikolaos Donos Part II The Anterior Maxilla 95 6 Esthetic Considerations 97Goran I. Benic, Riccardo Kraus, Shaoxia Pan, and Christoph H.F. Hämmerle 7 Soft Tissue Management in the Anterior Maxilla 117Daniel S. Thoma, Hyun-Chang Lim, and Christoph H.F. Hämmerle 8 Treatment Alternatives for Soft Tissue Procedures in the Maxilla 131Carlos E. Nemcovsky 9 Modifications of Anterior Maxillary Sandwich Osteotomy for Vertical Bone Augmentation 163Ole T. Jensen 10 Autogenous Bone Block Transplantation in the Anterior Maxilla 169Federico Hernández-Alfaro and Gian Maria Ragucci 11 Allogeneic Block Grafts in the Anterior Maxilla 181Michele Jacotti and Fabio Bernardello 12 Confronting Severe Deficiencies in the Anterior Maxilla 195Zvi Artzi 13 Management of Complications in Anterior Maxilla During Guided Bone Regeneration 235Isabella Rocchietta, Federico Moreno, and David Nisand Part III The Posterior Maxilla 255 14 Sinus Augmentation: The Transcrestal Approach 257Leonardo Trombelli, Roberto Farina, Giovanni Franceschetti, and Zvi Artzi 15 Sinus Augmentation: The Lateral Approach 283Tiziano Testori, Riccardo Scaini, Matteo Deflorian, and Stephen S. Wallace 16 Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: The Lateral Approach in Unusual Cases 309Zvi Artzi Part IV The Anterior Mandible 329 17 Re-establishment of Adequate Osseous Volume in an Atrophic Anterior Mandible 331Zvi Artzi 18 Anterior Atrophic Mandible Restoration Using Cancellous Bone Block Allograft 379Gavriel Chaushu, Liat Chaushu, Karen Anavi Lev, Joseph Nissan, and Zvi Artzi Part V The Posterior Mandible 399 19 Options for Restoring the Atrophic Posterior Mandible – Vertical and Horizontal Bone Augmentation 401Zvi Artzi 20 Cortico-Cancellous Block (CCB) Transplantation in the Posterior Mandible 431Zvi Artzi 21 Allogeneic Block Grafts in the Posterior Mandible 445Michele Jacotti and Fabio Bernardello Part VI Other Advancing Techniques 453 22 Interpositional Bone Grafts: Sandwich Interposition in the Lateral Mandible and Le Fort I Interposition in the Maxilla 455Hendrik Terheyden 23 Preprosthetic Orthognathic Surgery 471Dror M. Allon Part VII Additional Related Subjects 487 24 Biofilms Around Dental Implants 489David Herrera, Patricia Bermejo, María del Carmen Sánchez, Elena Figuero, and Mariano Sanz 25 Prevention and Management of Peri-Implant Diseases 505Sofia Aroca, Giovanni E. Salvi, Andrea Roccuzzo, Uri Renert, Anton Sculean, and Zvi Artzi Index 523

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Editor Acknowledgements List of Contributors Preface Chapter 1 - The Pediatric Dentistry Treatment TriangleAri Kupietzky and Gerald Z. Wright Chapter 2 - Child Development: Basic Concepts and Clinical ConsiderationsTammy Pilowsky Peleg Chapter 3 - Children’s Behavior in the Dental OfficeJaap S.J. Veerkamp and Gerald Z. Wright Chapter 4 – Influence of the FamilyBarbara Sheller Chapter 5 - Societal Influences on the Contemporary FamilyJanice Townsend, Martha Wells, and Larry Dormois Chapter 6 - Establishing a Dental HomeAri Kupietzky and Anna B. Fuks Chapter 7 - Non-Pharmacologic Approaches in Behavior ManagementAri Kupietzky and Gerald Z. Wright Chapter 8 - Children with DisabilitiesGunilla Klingberg Chapter 9 - Local AnesthesiaAri Kupietzky and Steven Schwartz Chapter 10 - Introduction to Pharmacological Techniques: A Historical PerspectiveGerald Z. Wright and Ari Kupietzky Chapter 11 - Sedation for the Pediatric PatientStephen Wilson Chapter 12 - Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Sedation in ChildrenAri Kupietzky and Dimitris Emmanouil Chapter 13 - Minimal and Moderate Sedation AgentsStephen Wilson Chapter 14 - Working with a Dentist AnesthesiologistKenneth L. Reed and Amanda Jo Okundaye Chapter 15 - The Use of General Anesthesia in Behavior ManagementMarcio A. da Fonseca and Travis Nelson Chapter 16 - Management of Emergencies Associated with Sedation for the Pediatric Dental PatientKenneth L. Reed and Amanda Jo Okundaye Chapter 17 - Practical Considerations and the Dental TeamJonathon E. Lee and Brian D. Lee Chapter 18 - The Dental OfficeJonathon E. Lee, Brian D. Lee, Gerald Z. Wright, and Ari Kupietzky Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface ix List of Contributors xi 1 Ambulatory Anesthesia 1Vasiliki Karlis, Lauren Bourell, and Robert Glickman 2 Third Molar Surgery 25Thomas Schlieve, Raza A. Hussain, and Michael Miloro 3 Implant Surgery 47Raza A. Hussain, Pooja Gangwani, and Michael Miloro 4 Technology and Navigation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 79Michael R. Markiewicz and Donald D. Pitcher 5 Maxillofacial Trauma 107Michael R. Markiewicz, R. Bryan Bell, and Savannah Weedman 6 Orthognathic Surgery 169Stephanie J. Drew 7 Distraction Osteogenesis 209Maria J. Troulis, Carl Bouchard, Cory Resnick, Bonnie L. Padwa, and Leonard B. Kaban 8 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surgery 221Joseph E. Cillo, Jr. and David J. Dattilo 9 Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery 243Bernard J. Costello, John F. Caccamese, Jr., and Ramon L. Ruiz 10 Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Facial Surgery 273Erik Evans, Jon D. Perenack, and Elie M. Ferneini 11 Cosmetic Facial Surgery 295Jon D. Perenack and Elie M. Ferneini 12 Temporomandibular Joint Surgery 319Michael Han, John S. Vorrasi, and Michael Miloro 13 Ablative Oral/Head and Neck Surgery 337Eric R. Carlson, Daniel Oreadi, and Benjamin Hechler 14 Lip Cancer 363Alexis M. Linnebur, Ashley E. Manlove, and Jonathan S. Bailey 15 Dermatopathology and Skin Cancer 381Waleed Zaid, Sami Alshihery, and Thomas Schlieve 16 Hard Tissue Reconstruction 395Roderick Y. Kim, Fayette Williams, and Brent B. Ward 17 Soft Tissue Reconstruction 411Nicholas Callahan, Joshua E. Lubek, and Donita Dyalram 18 Vascularized Reconstruction 423Rui Fernandes, Phil Pirgousis, and Stacey Nedrud 19 Head and Neck Radiotherapy 441Michael Cummings 20 Microneurosurgery 451Michael Miloro 21 Transoral Robotic Surgery 465Joshua E. Lubek and Naseem Ghazali 22 Sialoendoscopy 481Oded Nahlieli and Michael Alterman 23 Salivary Gland Surgery 495Antonia Kolokythas and Robert Ord Index 511

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Book SynopsisCleft and Craniofacial Orthodontics Comprehensive reference work for managing patients with orofacial clefts and complex craniofacial conditions from birth to skeletal maturity Cleft and Craniofacial Orthodontics is a comprehensive and detailed reference work on the management of patients with orofacial clefts and complex craniofacial conditions. Covering patients ranging from birth to skeletal maturity, the book provides orthodontists, plastic and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, speech and language therapists, pediatric dentists, and prosthodontists with the information they need to evaluate and treat these conditions. Highlighting the multidisciplinary team approach, the book aids clinicians in developing a complete plan for their patients. Each chapter is organized to reflect clinical practice, making it easy to apply the information to the treatment setting. Additionally, a companion website offers video clips of surgical and orthodontic procedures to further aid in reader compTrade Review"Overall, the textbook is richly illustrated throughout, is logical in its presentation, and represents essential reading for those involved in the provision of cleft and craniofacial care. Indeed, while the latter chapters have an orthodontic focus, I think the value of the textbook would also represent an excellent reference text for the myriad of specialists involved in the complex care of this patient cohort."—British Dental Journal volume 234, page 858 (2023), by Padhraig S. Fleming "The first edition of Cleft and Craniofacial Orthodontics by Drs. Shetye and Gibson is a highly valuable resource for orthodontists, surgeons, and other professionals involved in treating patients with cleft and craniofacial conditions. The book stands out due to its expertly written chapters by the editors and the numerous contributors who have provided valuable insights.... Overall, Cleft and Craniofacial Orthodontics is a comprehensive and up-to-date book featuring plentiful information, high-quality illustrations, and a comprehensive bibliography."—FACE (2023), by Alvaro A. Figueroa and Daniela Tanikawa"This comprehensive textbook...fills a significant gap in the literature by focusing specifically on the orthodontic aspects of cleft and craniofacial care, an area often overshadowed by surgical perspectives in existing textbooks. It masterfully addresses the complex and multifaceted challenges presented by patients with orofacial clefts and craniofacial anomalies....Cleft and Craniofacial Orthodontics is a must-read for specialists in training to become (craniofacial) orthodontists and for orthodontists working in cleft teams. It is also valuable for professionals in other medical and dental disciplines, as it will provide them with a deeper understanding of the expertise of their orthodontic colleagues in the team."—American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (2023), by Anne Marie Kuijpers-JagtmanTable of ContentsContributors ix Preface xiv About the companion website xv Part I Introduction to craniofacial orthodontics and team care Introduction 3Travis L. Gibson and Pradip R. Shetye 1 Craniofacial team concept and the role of a craniofacial team 8Travis L. Gibson and Pradip R. Shetye 2 Evolution of craniofacial orthodontics as a subspecialty 18Travis L. Gibson and Barry H. Grayson Part II Introduction to orofacial clefting 3 Embryology and classification of orofacial clefting 27Julia S. Dworan Erica M.N.O. Okine and Jill A. Helms 4 Epidemiology etiology and genetics of orofacial clefting 39Lina M. Moreno Uribe and Mary L. Marazita 5 Anatomy of cleft lip and palate 61Carter J. Boyd Leslie Slowikowski Roberto L. Flores and Lindsay A. Schuster Part III Management of orofacial clefting – prenatal period and infancy 6 Prenatal diagnosis family counseling and infant feeding 77Patricia Chibbaro 7 History and current presurgical infant orthopedic treatment 87Shayna Avinoam and Pradip R. Shetye 8 Introduction to clinical provision of nasoalveolar molding 101Pradip R. Shetye and Travis L. Gibson 9 Nasoalveolar molding in unilateral cleft lip and palate 119Pradip R. Shetye and Travis L. Gibson 10 Nasoalveolar molding in bilateral cleft lip and palate 134Pradip R. Shetye and Travis L. Gibson Copyrighted Material 11 Technological advancements in presurgical infant orthopedics 149Puneet Batra and Sreevatsan Raghavan 12 Post- surgical nostril retainer in orofacial clefts 158Pradip R. Shetye 13 Primary surgical repair for unilateral cleft lip 165Paul Mittermiller Kerry A. Morrison and David A. Staffenberg 14 Primary surgical repair for bilateral cleft lip 173Evellyn M. DeMitchell- Rodriguez and Roberto L. Flores 15 Cleft palate repair 183Alexandra J. Lin and Roberto L. Flores 16 Otolaryngology considerations in cleft and craniofacial care 196Scott M. Rickert Part IV Management of orofacial clefting – preschool years 17 Dental development in children with orofacial clefting 209Daniela Garib and Felicia Miranda 18 Pediatric dental management in patients with orofacial clefts 222Serena N. Kassam Mohammad Mansoor Ahmed and Linda R. Rosenberg 19 Normal speech and language and the management of speech disorders in patients with clefts 236Ann W. Kummer 20 Management of velopharyngeal dysfunction 249Jordan N. Halsey and Richard E. Kirschner Part V Management of orofacial clefting – preadolescence 21 Orthodontic treatment for orofacial clefting in preadolescence 263Pradip R. Shetye 22 Correcting transverse discrepancies in patients with clefts 279Daniela Garib Camila Massaro and Rita Lauris 23 Correcting anteroposterior discrepancies in patients with orofacial clefts 297Daniela Garib and Renata M. Kato 24 Orthodontic preparation for alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate 310Pradip R. Shetye 25 Orthodontic preparation for alveolar bone grafting in bilateral cleft lip and palate 323Pradip R. Shetye 26 Alveolar bone graft surgery 333Bonnie L. Padwa 27 Outcomes of secondary alveolar bone graft surgery 346Daniela Garib Claudia Resende Leal and Roberta Martinelli Carvalho 28 Orthodontic preparation for premaxillary repositioning surgery 359Pradip R. Shetye 29 Clear aligner therapy for pre- adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate 371Judah S. Garfinkle Part VI Management of orofacial clefting – early adolescence 30 Orthodontic treatment for mild maxillomandibular discrepancies in early adolescence 389Pradip R. Shetye 31 Orthodontic treatment for moderate to severe maxillomandibular discrepancies in early adolescence 403Pradip R. Shetye 32 Maxillary distraction in adolescent patients with orofacial clefts 411Alvaro A. Figueroa 33 Alveolar and anterior maxillary distraction in patients with orofacial clefts 441Melih Motro Nejat Erverdi and Yasemin Bahar Acar Part VII Management of orofacial clefting – late adolescence and adulthood 34 Orthodontic treatment for orofacial clefting in late adolescence 455Pradip R. Shetye 35 Evaluation of patients with clefts for orthognathic surgery 463Pradip R. Shetye and Travis L. Gibson 36 Orthognathic surgery in patients with clefts – maxillary surgery 475Pradip R. Shetye 37 Orthognathic surgery in patients with clefts – maxillary and mandibular surgery 490Pradip R. Shetye 38 Surgery first approach in patients with clefts 500Pradip R. Shetye 39 Adult orthodontics in patients with clefts 509Pradip R. Shetye 40 Management of missing teeth dental implants and prosthetic restoration in orofacial clefts 517Gregory S. Antonarakis and Robert P. Carmichael 41 Secondary soft tissue revision surgery at skeletal maturity in patients with orofacial clefts 542Alexandra Junn Jacob Dinis Joseph Lopez and Derek Steinbacher Part VIII Outcomes in cleft care 42 Growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton in patients with clefts 561Manish Valiathan Tarek Elshebiny Rany Bous Konstantinos Apostolopoulos and Pardeep Kaur 43 Standardized diagnostic records in cleft and craniofacial orthodontics 581Ross E. Long Jr 44 Radiology in cleft and craniofacial care 593Dorothy Sonya 45 Retention and stability in patients with orofacial clefts 609Douglas Olson 46 Psychosocial development and care in patients with orofacial clefting 619Aileen Blitz 47 Access issues and burden of care in craniofacial orthodontics 630Emily Fisher Travis L. Gibson and Christine Loock 48 Application of artificial intelligence in treating patients with cleft and craniofacial anomalies 638Mohammed H. Elnagar Sumit Yadav Flavio Sanchez Shankar Rengasamy Venugopalan and Veerasathpurush Allareddy Part IX Orthodontic management of complex craniofacial conditions 49 Orthodontic management in Pierre Robin sequence 649Pradip R. Shetye 50 Orthodontic management in craniofacial microsomia 657Pradip R. Shetye 51 Orthodontic management in Treacher Collins syndrome 667Annie Nguyen and Hitesh Kapadia 52 Orthodontic management in syndromic craniosynostosis 678Pradip R. Shetye 53 Orthodontic management in cleidocranial dysplasia 690Pradip R. Shetye and Travis L. Gibson 54 Orthodontic management in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome 702Pradip R. Shetye 55 Orthodontic management of achondroplasia 708Annie Nguyen and Hitesh Kapadia 56 Overview of other craniofacial conditions 722Puttipong Sripinun Stacey H. Francis and Michelle Scott 57 Distraction osteogenesis in craniofacial syndromes 743Shayna Avinoam and Pradip R. Shetye 58 Orthodontic management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea 757Benjamin T. Pliska 59 Role of the orthodontist in managing facial trauma and post- oncological treatment 770Pradip R. Shetye 60 Role of the orthodontist in facial transplantation 781Eduardo D. Rodriguez Daniel Boczar Hilliard T. Brydges Zoe P. Berman and Rami S. Kantar Index 797

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