Democracy Books

Book SynopsisAt the end of the Cold War, international law scholars engaged in furious debate over whether principles of democratic legitimacy had entered international law. Many argued that a "democratic entitlement" was then emerging. Others were skeptical that international practice in democracy promotion was either consistent or sufficiently widespread and many found the idea of a democratic entitlement dangerous. Those debates, while ongoing, have not been comprehensively revisited in almost twenty years. This research review identifies the leading scholarship of the past two decades on these and other questions. It focuses particular attention on the normative consequences of the recent "democratic recession" in many regions of the world.Trade Review‘This is a timely collection of the best writings from the past two decades on whether liberal-democratic norms have successfully infiltrated international law, a field that—while traditionally built upon the concept of the State—has been agnostic as to governmental legitimacy. A must read for anyone concerned with the implications for inter-State relations of threats to democracy worldwide, and an excellent companion volume to Democratic Governance and International Law (2000).' -- Sean D. Murphy, George Washington University, US, U.N. International Law Commission and former President of the American Society of International LawTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Gregory H. Fox and Brad R. Roth xii PART I PRESENT OVERALL STATUS OF EMERGING RIGHT TO DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE 1. Susan Marks (2011), ‘What has Become of the Emerging Right to Democratic Governance?’, European Journal of International Law, 22 (2), May, 507–24 2 2. Jean d’Aspremont (2011), ‘The Rise and Fall of Democracy Governance in International Law: A Reply to Susan Marks’, European Journal of International Law, 22 (2), May, 549–70 20 3. Christian Pippan (2012), ‘Democracy as a Global Norm: Has it Finally Emerged?’, Matthew Happold (ed.), International Law in a Multipolar World, Chapter 10, Abingdon, UK and New York, NY, USA: Taylor & Francis, 203–23 42 4. Jure Vidmar (2014), ‘Judicial Interpretations of Democracy in Human Rights Treaties’, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law, 3 (2), 532–55 63 5. Erika de Wet (2015), ‘From Free Town to Cairo via Kiev: The Unpredictable Road of Democratic Legitimacy in Governmental Recognition’, American Journal of International Law Unbound, 108, 201–7 87 6. Brad R. Roth (2015), ‘Whither Democratic Legitimism?: Contextualizing Recent Developments in the Recognition and Non- Recognition of Governments’, American Journal of International Law Unbound, 108, 213–18 94 7. Jean d’Aspremont (2015), ‘The Pipe Dream of Constraining Recognition Through Democracy: International Lawyers’ Regulatory Project Continued’, American Journal of International Law Unbound, 108, 219–21 100 8. Christina M. Cerna (2015), ‘Democratic Legitimacy and Respect for Human Rights: The New Gold Standard’, American Journal of International Law Unbound, 108, 222–7 103 9. Obiora Chinedu Okafor (2015), ‘Democratic Legitimacy as a Criterion for the Recognition of Governments: A Response to Professor Erika De Wet’, American Journal of International Law Unbound, 108, 228–32 109 10. Vasiliki Saranti (2015), ‘Democratic Legitimacy as a Criterion for Recognizing a Government: Towards the Emergence of a Regional Customary Rule in The Americas? A Reply to Professor Erika De Wet’, American Journal of International Law Unbound , 108 , 233–8 114 PART II DEMOCRACY AND SELF-DETERMINATION 11. Russell A. Miller (2003), ‘Self-Determination in International Law and the Demise of Democracy?’, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law , 41 , 601–48 121 12. Niels Petersen (2008), ‘The Principle of Democratic Teleology in International Law’, Brooklyn Journal of International Law , 34 (1), 33–84 169 13. Brad R. Roth (2018), ‘The Relevance of Democratic Principles to the Self-Determination Norm’, in Peter Hilpold (ed.), Autonomy and Self-Determination , Chapter 3, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 56–76 221 PART III EVALUATING ELECTIONS 14. Christina Binder (2009), ‘Two Decades of International Electoral Support: Challenges and Added Value’, Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law , 13 , 213–46 243 15. Avery Davis-Roberts and David J. Carroll (2010), ‘Using International Law to Assess Elections’, Democratization , 17 (3), June, 416–41 277 16. Barrie Sander (2019), ‘Democracy Under The Influence: Paradigms of State Responsibility for Cyber Influence Operations on Elections’, Chinese Journal of International Law , 18 (1), March, 1–56 303 PART IV THE UNITED NATIONS 17. Gregory H. Fox (2004), ‘Democratization’, in David Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century , Chapter 5, Colorado, USA: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 69–84 360 18. Francesco Mancini (2016), ‘Promoting Democracy’, in Sebastian von Einsiedel, David M. Malone and Bruno Stagno Ugarte (eds), The UN Security Council in the 21st Century , Part II, Chapter 12, Colorado, USA: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 235–57 376 PART V REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 19. Agustín Ruiz Robledo (2018), ‘The Construction of the Right to Free Elections by the European Court of Human Rights’, Cambridge International Law Journal , 7 (2), 225–40 400 20. Enrique Lagos and Timothy D. Rudy (2004), ‘In Defense of Democracy’, University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 35 (2), Spring, 283–309 416 21. Thomas Legler and Thomas Kwasi Tieku (2010), ‘What Difference Can a Path Make? Regional Democracy Promotion Regimes in the Americas and Africa’, Democratization, 17 (3), June, 465–91 443 22. Kalkidan N. Obse and Christian Pippan (2015), ‘Collectively Protecting Constitutionalism and Democratic Governance in Africa: A Tale of High Hopes and Low Expectations?’, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law, 4 (2), 344–67 470 23. Solomon A. Dersso (2019), ‘The Status and Legitimacy of Popular Uprisings in the AU Norms on Democracy and Constitutional Governance’, Journal of African Law, 63 (S1), May, 107–30 494 PART VI DEMOCRATIC RECESSION 24. Amichai Magen (2015), ‘The Right to Democratic Governance in an Era of Democratic Recession’, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law, 4 (2), 368–87 519 25. David Landau (2017), ‘Democratic Erosion and Constitution- Making Moments: The Role of International Law’, UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law, 2, 87–112 539 PART VII DEMOCRACY AND INTERNAL CRISES 26. Jacob Wobig (2015), ‘Defending Democracy with International Law: Preventing Coup Attempts with Democracy Clauses’, Democratization, 22 (4), 631–54 566 27. Issaka K. Souaré (2014), ‘The African Union as a Norm Entrepreneur on Military Coups d’État in Africa (1952–2012): An Empirical Assessment’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 52 (1), 69–94 590 28. Eki Yemisi Omorogbe (2011), ‘A Club of Incumbents? The African Union and Coups d’État’, Vanderbilt University Journal of Transnational Law, 44 (1), 123–54 616 29. Ozan O. Varol (2012), ‘The Democratic Coup d’État’, Harvard International Law Journal, 53 (2), Summer, 291–356 648 30. Matthew Saul (2012), ‘The Search for an International Legal Concept of Democracy: Lessons from the Post-Conflict Reconstruction of Sierra Leone’, Melbourne Journal of International Law, 13 (1), 540–68 714 PART VIII DEMOCRACY, INTERVENTION AND PEACE 31. David Wippman (2015), ‘Pro-Democratic Intervention’, in Marc Weller (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law, Chapter 36, Oxford, UK and New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 797–815 744 32. Sara McLaughlin Mitchell and Paul F. Diehl (2012), ‘Caution in What You Wish For: The Consequences of a Right to Democracy’, Stanford Journal of International Law, 48 (2), Summer, 289–317 763 33. Simone van den Driest (2010), ‘“Pro-Democratic” Intervention and the Right to Political Self-Determination: The Case of Operation Iraqi Freedom’, Netherlands International Law Review, 57 (1), March, 29–72 792 34. Jeremy I. Levitt (2006), ‘Pro-Democratic Intervention in Africa’, Wisconsin International Law Journal, 24 (3), 785–833 836 Index

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Book SynopsisAn insightful lens into the contemporary state of post-factual politics, this timely book explores the perceived binary nature of facts and emotions, suggesting ways to integrate them. Anna Durnová shows that in order to understand post-factual politics, we must unveil the role of emotion in the discursive registers through which politics is constructed and knowledge is legitimized. By analysing and comparing scientists' protests against the Trump presidency with famous scientific controversies in modern medicine, this book redefines truth as a negotiation in public discourse between the interplay of values, beliefs and facts. Chapters examine the ways in which people see emotions as being opposed to facts, unpacking how this ultimate opposition limits public discussion on science in the wake of alternative facts and 'fake news'. Political science students and academics will find the new discussion of post-factual politics through the lens of emotions a timely and important read. This book is also ideal for social movements scholars with the March for Science a key case study used to examine the gap between emotions and facts in modern day times.Trade Review'The defense of science as being free of human passions is worse than ineffective. It is part of the problem, driving public alienation from the scientific enterprise, while blinding us to the causes of that alienation. Durnova's original analysis points to a way forward that refuses to censor the emotions that lie at the heart of the production of truth.' --Daniel Breslau, Virginia Tech, US'How do we negotiate the topsy-turvy world of 'the post-factual condition'? That's the timely question Anna Durnová poses with her important new book. Citizens responding to brazen demagoguery must now protest 'for reality'. It can get emotional, as the quest for truth usually is. Durnová offers insights crucial to the way ahead.' --Douglas Torgerson, Trent University, Canada, and author of The Promise of Green Politics: Environmentalism and the Public Sphere'Social research should provide counterintuitive insights, and this book does precisely that, questioning how we tend to juxtapose emotions and facts. Whilst developing broader historical insights, it is also remarkably relevant to the current era.' --Patrick Baert, University of Cambridge, UKTable of ContentsContents: Introduction To Post-Factual Politics 1. The Lost Battle On Truth 2. Vexatious Knowledge 3. The Partisans Of Truth 4. Understanding Emotions In The Post-Factual World Index

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Book SynopsisDemocratic governments are increasingly under pressure from populists, and distrust of governmental authority is on the rise. Economic causes are often blamed. Making a 21st Century Constitution proposes instead that constitutions no longer provide the kind of support that democracies need in today's conditions, and outlines ways in which reformers can rectify this.Frank Vibert addresses key sources of constitutional obsolescence, identifies the main challenges for constitutional updating and sets out the ways in which constitutions may be made suitable for the the 21st century. The book highlights the need for reformers to address the deep diversity of values in today's urbanized societies, the blind spots and content-lite nature of democratic politics, and the dispersion of authority among new chains of intermediaries.This book will be invaluable for students of political science, public administration and policy, law and constitutional economics. Its analysis of how constitutions can be made fit for purpose again will appeal to all concerned with governance, practitioners and reformers alike.Trade Review‘In Making a 21st Century Constitution: Playing Fair in Modern Democracies, Frank Vibert explores the current state of constitutions, outlining why they have become outdated and suggesting ways in which they can be reworked to better meet the needs of democracies today. While readers may not agree with all of the book’s arguments, it provides interesting insight into how constitutions can overcome their democratic weaknesses and is a welcome addition to this increasing body of scholarship.’ -- Elyse Wakelin, LSE Review of BooksTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Constitutions and Democracy: The Setting PART I SOURCES OF CONSTITUTIONAL OBSOLESCENCE 3. Obsolescence: The Foundational 4. Obsolescence: The Canonical 5. Obsolescence: The Purposive 6. Diversity and the Challenge to Established Social Practices PART II REFINING THE CHALLENGES: MOTIVES AND THEIR EXPRESSION 7. Building Blocks and the Mix of Motives 8. The Material Motive: Problem Management 9. The Emotive: Togetherness and Fairness 10. The Normative Motivation: The Role of Politics PART III UPGRADING CONSTITUTIONAL EXPRESSION 11. Constitutions and Common Knowledge of the New Actors 12. Hierarchy and Political Persuasion 13. Qualitative Rules and the Transvaluational 14. Missing Actors in Chains of Intermediation 15. Benchmarking: Rights and Normative Choice 16. Legitimacy: Identification and Consent 17. Conclusions: Upgrading Constitutions Appendix References Index

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Book SynopsisThis thought-provoking book investigates the increasingly important subject of constitutional idolatry and its effects on democracy. Focused around whether the UK should draft a single written constitution, it suggests that constitutions have been drastically and persistently over-sold throughout the years, and that their wider importance and effects are not nearly as significant as constitutional advocates maintain.Analysing a number of issues in relation to constitutional performance, including whether these documents can educate the citizenry, invigorate voter turnout, or deliver ‘We the People’ sovereignty, the author finds written constitutions consistently failing to meet expectations. This innovative book also examines how constitutional idolatry may frustrate and distort constitutional change, and can lead to strong forms of constitutional paternalism emerging within the state. Ultimately, the book argues that idolising written constitutions is a hollow endeavour that will fail to produce better democratic outcomes or help solve increasingly complicated societal problems.Engaging and accessible, Constitutional Idolatry and Democracy will be a key resource for both new and established scholars interested in comparative constitutional law, constitutional theory, law and democracy and written vs. unwritten constitutions.Trade Review‘It is a thought-provoking book, and contains a huge array of ideas, information and literature, some of it slightly out of the way. The author argues his case powerfully, often convincingly, and commendably concisely. . . every public lawyer and student of public law would benefit from reading it to test their assumptions.’ -- David Feldman, Law Quarterly Review‘This is an important and timely intervention.’ -- Tanzil Chowdhury, Public Law‘The distinctive value in Jones’s contribution here is the breadth and depth with which he engages with and analyzes one of the core (but often overlooked) distinctions in constitutional theory.’ -- Edward Willis, I•CON‘What Jones does in this book is to make a bold statement: written constitutions have become idols, and the time is past due for us to put aside the false faith that they are the saviours of society.’ -- Renato Saeger M Costa, University of Queensland Law Journal‘Jones systematically asks the sceptical questions that must be asked in any serious conversation about constitutional codification.’ -- Asanga Welikala, JOTWELL‘Constitutional Idolatry and Democracy is a thought-provoking and timely work that presents its case in an accessible manner.’ -- James R Zink, Governance‘I can’t imagine a better book to discuss in a seminar, whether of students or senior academics.’ -- Sanford Levinson, IACL-AIDC blog'This is a timely intervention in the debates over the necessity, sufficiency and desirability of written constitutions and one which speaks directly to both United States and United Kingdom audiences.' --Janet McLean, University of Auckland, New Zealand'This powerful book explores the limits of written constitutions and the ways in which we idolise them. Jones develops an impressive critique of dominant constitutional thinking, assessing the broader impact of written constitutions on our democracy, our politics and our citizens. The book offers an important challenge to those who assume a written constitution is the best way to reform the UK's political system, and clearly reveals the risks of overstating what written constitutionalism can achieve.' --Michael Gordon, University of Liverpool, UK'In this wide-ranging, innovative, and truly excellent study of constitutional forms, Brian Christopher Jones challenges the conventional wisdom that codified constitutions hold decisive advantages over uncodified ones. From one chapter to the next, Jones takes readers on a voyage around the world, drawing from his rich repository of deep comparative insights to identify, elaborate, and theorize the dangerous consequences of constitutional idolatry that inhere in master-text constitutions. From now on, no defense of constitutional codification will ever be complete without confronting the compelling arguments in this important work.' -- Richard Albert, The University of Texas at Austin, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. What is constitutional idolatry? 2. Venerating a text: some positive aspects of constitutional idolatry 3. Educating the citizenry? 4. The reality of ‘We the People’ constitutional claims 5. Invigorating democracies? 6. A ‘good’ constitution is essential to state survival 7. Constitutional paternalism: the rise and problematic use of constitutional guardian rhetoric 8. Idolatry and constitutional change 9. Constitutional idolatry and democracy: a preliminary conclusion Index

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Book SynopsisThe dramatic decline of democracy in East-Central Europe (ECE) has attracted worldwide attention, presenting a significant challenge to European models of liberal democracy. This timely book tackles the heart of this region's complexity, unpacking the socio-economic, political and cultural developments of the ECE countries. Attila Ágh demonstrates the key turning point in 2010, when the region's political trajectory shifted from chaotic democracy to authoritarian rule. Moving beyond the narrow spectrum of political 'event history' deployed by ECE parties and governments, the author offers a complex analysis of the changes to the region, exploring the deep, systemic causes of hard populism. Examining the fascinating relationship between ECE countries, Europe and the world, Ágh outlines the future of democracy in the region, exploring perspectives of re-democratization by the new generation raised under the auspices of EU democracy. Declining Democracy in East-Central Europe provides researchers in both political and European studies with a unique insight into the rapidly diverging pathways of European democracies. Ágh's detailed approach to the ECE region will also benefit experts in regional studies, moving beyond political narratives of individual countries and analysing the region as a whole.Trade Review'Attila Ágh's book investigates the largely neglected domestic developments in the East-Central member states since the fall of the iron curtain and their subsequent accession to the European Union. Ágh's analysis is comprehensive, well-informed and illustrates how a mixture between external conditionalities and domestic developments, predominantly a persistent systemic distrust and lack of deep-seated Europeanisation have contributed towards the rise of neopopulism in the region. Ágh warns of the ''a decline in all respects of democracy, governance and sustainability as a complex deficit'' as part of a general trend of democratic backsliding in the ECE region. Ágh's analysis is a crucial and overdue contribution to the academic and public debate on the future of the EU beyond the current narrow focus on Brexit and the revival of the Franco-German partnership. He illustrates that the biggest risk for the survival of the European project post-Brexit lies in the manifestation of East-Central Europe as a 'blind spot', a warning which should be a wake-up call to Western political elites.' --Christian Schweiger, Chemnitz University of Technology, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I Democratization and Europeanization in the Old World Order 1. Systemic change in the Old World Order 2. Socio-economic transition and the social disintegration 3. Political transition and the crisis of representative democracy Part II The Collapse of ECE democracies in the New World Order 4. The New World Order and the desecuritization process in ECE 5. The failure of catching up and the credibility crisis in ECE 6. The rise of hard populism and the collapse of democracy in ECE 7. The ECE political system: velvet dictatorship with façade democracy 8. ECE regional politics and the increasing Core-Periphery Divide 9. The civilizational crisis in the ECE region Postscript Index

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Book SynopsisIlluminating and timely, this book offers an in depth exploration of a 20th century intellectual landmark, Harold Lasswell’s proposal for the policy sciences. This proposal, though always controversial, stands out as a unique and comprehensive effort at advancing a policy focus in the social sciences by means of enhancing orientation to context.Douglas Torgerson argues that Lasswell stands apart in the policy landscape, his extraordinary focus on context constituting a distinct critical dimension. Torgerson presents the historical emergence of Lasswell’s proposal as a four-phase process, ranging from the 1920s to the 1970s. Chapters explore the ramifications of Lasswell’s contextual focus in that, whatever his intention, he anticipated a radical democratic goal. In today’s world, as authoritarian populism threatens democracy, policy research can no longer take for granted a liberal democratic context. Researchers must protect free inquiry, safeguarding their own work while expanding and securing democratic freedoms.Offering key insights into one of the 20th century’s most forward-looking political scientists, this book is essential reading for the full range of established scholars, policy professionals, graduate students, and everyone who is interested in the relationship between policy and political theory.Trade Review‘Torgerson undertakes nothing less than a critical rethinking of policy studies as a field through its foundations. By reacquainting Lasswell, we are advised to revisit concepts like behavioral change and policy expertise in light of his contextual orientation – and to think more radically about the policy sciences of democracy.’ -- Holger Straßheim, Bielefeld University, Germany‘The name of Harold Lasswell is inevitably invoked in serious discussions of public policy and the “policy sciences”. This book helps readers – both novices and seasoned veterans – understand why he occupies that central position. Understanding Lasswell is not simple, yet Torgerson demonstrates the depth and complexity of that eminent scholar.’ -- B. Guy Peters, University of Pittsburgh, US‘A wonderful book… Douglas Torgerson animates Lasswell’s numerous contributions, extending the “critical Lasswell” to inform a potential radical democracy relevant to today’s policy field and to current threats against democracy.’ -- Jennifer Dodge, University at Albany, US‘Professor Torgerson demonstrates provocatively and in detail Harold Lasswell’s continuing relevance for anyone seeking to understand our times and shape a future of human dignity for all.’ -- – Andrew Willard, Policy Scientist, US‘Douglas Torgerson has provided the most thoughtful philosophical analysis of the work of Harold D. Lasswell, the giant in both psychodynamic political psychology and the policy sciences. The weaving of historical material and Torgerson’s highly distinctive interpretations of Lasswell’s stances toward democracy and the role of policy analysis is remarkable. Anyone committed to understanding the evolution of the policy sciences and the role of the analyst in democratic governance must read this book.’ -- William Ascher, Claremont McKenna College, US‘Nobody is better placed than Douglas Torgerson to tease out and interpret Lasswell's foundational contribution to what today would be called critical policy studies. This book is a masterful treatment of its subject that should establish once and for all the importance of thinking with Lasswell and Torgerson about the policy sciences.’ -- John S. Dryzek, University of Canberra, Australia‘Torgerson’s argument stands up very well, and the book is filled with intriguing facts and details I hadn’t known – even though I’d been a student, research assistant, colleague, and friend of Lasswell for many years.’ -- Garry D. Brewer, Yale University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface: Why Lasswell? 1 Introduction: the manifest and the latent Lasswell PART I EMERGENCE 2 Policy sciences in context: the world crisis of insecurity 3 Emergence of the policy sciences 4 Contextual orientation: a question of values PART II SYMBOLS 5 Symbols of the policy sciences 6 What is enlightenment? PART III THE CRITICAL DIMENSION 7 The critical Lasswell 8 Lasswell and the critical agenda References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book explores developments in the social legitimacy of present-day European welfare states since the banking crisis of 2008. It analyses how the welfare attitudes of Europeans have been influenced by economic recession and consequent welfare reforms, as well as reactions to on-going debates around welfare. Utilising cross-national perspectives, the book analyses the differences and similarities in welfare attitudes of Europeans between 2008 and 2016. It highlights popular welfare attitudes towards different groups of society, including migrants, the elderly and unemployed, exploring if and why specific practices and policies would meet popular resistance or approval. Social policy and sociology scholars will find this book helpful, as the cross-national analysis provides new insights into the contextual drivers of welfare attitudes. It will also be useful to policy-makers and practitioners working in Europe offering analysis of welfare preferences, evaluations and perceptions. Contributors include: H. Chung, L. de Blok, S. Delespaul, B. Ebbinghaus, M.A. Eger, H. Ervasti, J. Gale, D. Gugushvili, A. Haugsgjerd, S. Kumlin, T. Laenen, C.A. Larsen, B. Meuleman, J. Mewes, E. Naumann, E. Politi, F. Roosma, C. Staerklé, W. van OorschotTrade Review'The three editors unite the finest state-of-the-art research about public attitudes towards the welfare state in Europe. Drawing on the 2008 and 2016 waves of the high-quality European Social Survey, the contributors analyse how and why the diversity of relationships between citizens and the welfare state manifests itself in the individual mind in the first two decades of the 21st century.' --Achim Goerres, University of Duisburg-Essen, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Foreword xiv PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Welfare Attitudes in Times of Crisis and Austerity 3 Bart Meuleman, Wim van Oorschot and Tijs Laenen PART II WELFARE STATE CRITICISM AND WELFARE STATE SUPPORT 2. Welfare Criticism in Times of Economic Crisis. Perceptions of Moral, Economic and Social Consequences of the Welfare State, 2008–2016 25 Bart Meuleman and Sam Delespaul 3. The Perceived Abuse of Welfare Benefits in Times of Crisis: Change or Stability in the Achilles’ Heel of Welfare State Legitimacy? 46 Femke Roosma 4. The Ambivalence of Material Vulnerability as a Foundation for Welfare Dependency Attitudes: Social Distrust or Dissatisfaction with the System? 68 Christian Staerklé, Jessica Gale and Emanuele Politi 5. Changes in Russians’ Attitudes: What Accounts for Reduced Preferences Regarding Public Welfare Provision? 91 Dimitri Gugushvili and Wim van Oorschot 6. Religiosity and Support for the Welfare State 111 Heikki Ervasti PART III TARGET-SPECIFIC WELFARE ATTITUDES 7. How Popular Deservingness Perceptions Mediate the Link between Unemployment Policies and Their Public Support 139 Tijs Laenen 8. The Legitimacy of Public Pensions in an Ageing Europe: Changes in Subjective Evaluations and Policy Preferences, 2008–2016 159 Bernhard Ebbinghaus and Elias Naumann 9. Welfare Nationalism Before and After the ‘Migration Crisis’ 176 Maureen A. Eger, Christian Albrekt Larsen and Jan Mewes PART IV (PERCEIVED) OUTCOMES OF THE WELFARE STATE 10. Increasingly Connected? Political Distrust and Dissatisfaction with Public Services in Europe, 2008–2016 199 Lisanne de Blok, Atle Haugsgjerd and Staffan Kumlin 11. Institutions versus Market Forces: Explaining the Employment Insecurity of European Individuals Eight Years after the 2008 Financial Crisis 220 Heejung Chung PART V CONCLUSIONS 12. Change or Continuity in Europeans’ Welfare Attitudes? 247 Tijs Laenen and Wim van Oorschot Index

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Book SynopsisThis multidisciplinary book unpacks and outlines the contested roles of nationalism and democracy in the formation and transformation of welfare-state institutions and ideologies. At a time when neo-liberal, post-national and nationalist visions alike have challenged democratic welfare nationalism, the book offers a transnational historical perspective to the political dynamics of current changes. While particularly focusing on Nordic countries, often seen as the quintessential ‘models’ of the welfare state, the book collectively sheds light on the ‘history of the present’ of nation states bearing the character of a welfare state.Initial chapters discuss the contested roles and meanings of democracy in the formation of the so-called ‘Nordic model’ of welfare, exploring its development in connection with rhetorical de-ideologization during and after the Cold War and with concerns about global development. Contributors further examine the ways in which national welfare states and their democratic dimensions are reshaped in the context of post-national regulation regimes of globalized and financialized capitalism. In the final chapters, the book explores the implications of welfare nationalism for cross-border mobility, analysing paradoxes and inherent tensions at the heart of contemporary migration politics. The analyses point to the integral role of nationalism in the formation of the democratic welfare states, as well as in the present-day goals of national competitiveness and security.Providing key theoretical insights for the study of welfare nationalism, this book is essential reading for scholars, researchers and students of the social and political sciences who are interested in the enduring transformation of the welfare state, and particularly those investigating the emergence and growth of the Nordic model. Policymakers and practitioners will also benefit from this multi-layered, empirical account of contemporary policy problems.Trade Review‘The growth of global interdependencies and cross-border mobility of capital and people have created new preconditions for nationalism. This book provides an outstanding contribution to the study of the contested roles of nationalism and democracy in the formation and transformation of welfare states.’ -- Stein Kuhnle, University of Bergen, Norway, and Hertie School, The University of Governance, Berlin, Germany‘There are many discussions of the relative importance in today’s political conflicts of culture and class, and of the ambiguous relationships among market liberalism, nationalism and the welfare state. But there are very few that confront these issues as thoroughly, boldly and forensically as the authors of this excellent and well integrated collection.’ -- Colin Crouch, University of Warwick, UK and Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Preface xii 1 Introduction: rethinking nationalism and democracy in the welfare state 1 Pauli Kettunen PART I DEMOCRATIC WELFARE NATIONALISM AND BEYOND 2 The end of ideology and Nordic democracy: Herbert Tingsten and the rhetoric of de-ideologization 19 Jussi Kurunmäki 3 National interest as a limit to democracy: the rhetoric of Finnish and Swedish employers in the debates on ‘enterprise democracy’ during the 1960s and 1970s 47 Ilkka Kärrylä 4 Democratic welfare nationalism and competitive community: changing ideals of social harmony in the regulation of capitalism 78 Pauli Kettunen PART II THE WELFARE STATE AND CROSS-BORDER MOBILITY OF CAPITAL 5 Offe’s paradox in the light of neoliberalism and its paradoxes: Schumpeterian workfare and Ricardian austerity 104 Bob Jessop 6 From democratic to market-driven regulation of employment: the Swedish and Finnish Social Democrats, the third way and emerging economic globalization, 1975−86 127 Sami Outinen PART III THE WELFARE STATE AND CROSS-BORDER MOBILITY OF PEOPLE 7 Borders of welfare: mobility control and the Nordic welfare states 150 Miika Tervonen 8 Gender, emotions and vulnerability: mediated responses to deportations in the aftermath of the refugee reception crisis 166 Saara Pellander 9 Filipino nurses as enablers of the future welfare state: the global commodity chains of producing racialized care labour for ageing Finland 184 Tiina Vaittinen, Margarita Sakilayan-Latvala and Päivi Vartiainen 10 Ambiguities of the welfare state and the paradoxes of immigration politics 209 Thomas Faist Index 239

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Book SynopsisAt a time when political representation can be said to be facing its ultimate crisis, this crucial work clarifies the terms of the debate, providing an up-to-date analysis of the main conceptual and institutional controversies that have arisen surrounding this topic.Written by leading scholars in the field, contributions focus on how representation is conceptualised and its relation to democracy, examining how political institutions in different historical periods (ranging from the middle ages to the modern day) have ensured representation based on demands of various social forces. This Research Handbook also encapsulates the directions taken by the main strands of empirical research in political representation within the context of liberal democracies and beyond. Overall, this provides a major contribution to the growing understanding of one of the most important institutional inventions of contemporary politics.The Research Handbook on Political Representation is a comprehensive and agile guide to the main bodies of literature on representation for academic researchers in political science, sociology and history. It will also guide post-graduate and graduate students of the same fields in the exploration of the crucial research questions arising from the concept and reality of political representation.Trade Review‘This edited volume is empirically and especially theoretically rich and illuminates the fascinating ongoing research on political representation. Important and valuable, this splendid book will be a cornerstone of the scholarship regarding political representation for years to come.’ -- Martin Gross, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft'Representation, which is at the heart of our system of liberal democracy, frames a series of key questions including: who are our representatives, who are they representing, how they represent, and how that process evolves over time. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the key theories and main forms of representation, the varying institutional contexts, and the various ways the concept can be measured and assessed. This Handbook promises to be the definitive study of this subject.' -- David Farrell, University College Dublin, IrelandTable of ContentsContents: General introduction to the Research Handbook on Political Representation xii Maurizio Cotta and Federico Russo SECTION I CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL DISCUSSIONS 1 Political representation: concepts, theories and practices in historical perspective 3 Federico Russo and Maurizio Cotta 2 The system of democratic representation and its normative principles 16 Dario Castiglione 3 Democracy and representation 36 Mark B. Brown 4 Policy responsiveness and democratic quality 48 Leonardo Morlino 5 Legitimacy and hegemony: two accounts of non-electoral representation 58 Eline Severs 6 Challenges to political representation: participatory democracy, direct democracy and populism 70 Simon Tormey SECTION II HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY MODELS OF POLITICAL REPRESENTATION 7 From estate representation to the representation of the people and the nation in the Age of Revolutions 84 Pasi Ihalainen and Zachris Haaparinne 8 Individualistic representation in the liberal century – and beyond 98 Heinrich Best and Lars Vogel 9 Party-based representation: the paradox of democracy 109 Ian Budge 10 Corporatism and representation 121 Alan Siaroff 11 Technocratic representation 135 Daniele Caramani 12 Representation in authoritarian regimes 148 Maurizio Cotta SECTION III THE INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF REPRESENTATION 13 Electoral systems and representation 161 Alessandro Chiaramonte 14 Territorial and multilevel representation 171 Lori Thorlakson 15 Local jurisdiction size and political representation 183 Bas Denters 16 Electoral quotas and group representation 198 Mona Lena Krook 17 The political representation of women: a feminist institutionalist perspective 210 Joni Lovenduski 18 Ethnic minorities and representation 222 Miriam Hänni and Thomas Saalfeld SECTION IV REPRESENTATION AT WORK: OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES 19 Types of democratic representative 239 Luca Verzichelli 20 Selecting representatives: methods and practices 253 Marco Lisi 21 Constituency service: incentives and consequences 266 Zsófia Papp 22 Measuring representation: policy congruence 276 Tom Louwerse and Rudy B. Andeweg 23 The fulfilment of election pledges 289 Elin Naurin and Robert Thomson 24 Interest groups and political representation 301 Laura Chaqués Bonafont 25 Responsiveness, the dynamic aspect of representation 314 Federico Russo 26 What to expect when you are expecting: preferences for representation among voters and political elites 326 Hanna Wass and Miroslav Nemčok 27 Representation and deliberation 338 Jürg Steiner Index

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Book SynopsisThis insightful book explores the citizen-government relation, as mediated through artificial intelligence (AI). Through a critical lens, Jérôme Duberry examines the role of AI in the relation and its implications for the quality of liberal democracy and the strength of civic capacity.In his analysis of AI, Duberry covers three key objectives: illustrating where and how AI is used in the context of citizen-government relations; highlighting the specific risks of using AI for citizen-government relations; and calling for a dedicated framework for assessing AI in these contexts. The author assesses the promises and pitfalls of AI at various levels of the citizen-government relation, including citizen participation, civic technology and political communication. Employing empirical findings from in-depth case studies and interviews with 40 experts in the field, the book stresses the burgeoning need for an innovative, human-centric management of AI in the citizen-government relation based on risk assessment that prioritises equality, freedom, human rights and popular sovereignty.Intervening at a key watershed in the history of digital politics, this timely book is key reading for researchers and scholars of political science and public policy, particularly those studying the digital landscape of contemporary policy and politics. It also offers significant empirical insights into the benefits and risks of AI for policymakers and civil servants working with new technologies.Trade Review‘The work presented in this book is considerable and remarkable. This book, a true state of the art of transdisciplinary knowledge on the subject, constitutes a reference in this new field of study.’ -- Solange Ghernaouti, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland‘The author has tackled an extremely important topic at a pivotal moment. And he has done so with a structurally sound book that explores both the positive and negative potential afforded by digital technologies relating to democracy. Most importantly, there are well-substantiated conclusions found here on how exactly the tectonic shifts created by AI can be better understood and managed in democratic societies.’ -- Steven J. Barela, Université de Genève, Switzerland‘This is a remarkable effort to offer an insightful understanding of the complex place and functions that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is acquiring in contemporary politics and society. This is definitely a necessary and illuminating contribution to our understanding of the many opportunities and risks that the increasing use of AI unfolds for democratic participation.’ -- Josep Ibañez, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, SpainTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. AI to optimize the effectiveness and efficiency of public services 2. Policy entrepreneurs: Skills and resources to identify and exploit open policy windows 3. AI and information dissemination: Challenging citizens’ access to relevant and reliable information 4. AI in public and private forms of surveillance: Challenging trust in the citizen–government relations 5. AI and the persuasion industry: Eroding the policy entrepreneurial resources and skills of citizens 6. AI and the weaponization of information: Hybrid threats against trust between citizens and democratic institutions 7. AI and civic tech: Engaging citizens in decision-making processes but not without risks Concluding remarks Index

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Book SynopsisThe role of regions in the European Union has been frequently debated since the 1980s. This comprehensive book provides a thorough overview of the issue from a variety of perspectives, analysing regional governance and territorial dynamics in the EU and its member states. Focusing on the implications of the democratisation-regionalisation nexus, it argues that a 'Europe with the regions' may promote good governance and ameliorate the democratic deficits of the EU. The book's contributions offer a multidisciplinary approach to the study of governance in the EU and highlight the significance of regions and regionalisation for the EU's future. Through a combination of empirical, conceptual, theoretical and normative approaches, chapters address both intra-state and transnational developments to provide a fresh and exciting addition to the literature on new regionalism and democratic theory. Favouring a modest notion of a 'Europe with the regions' rather than the dominant maximalist vision, it embeds these developments in the ongoing debate about the future of the EU. Students and academics exploring regional governance and the EU will find this book's unique conclusions and crucial insights of great value. The book's distinct perspective on European governance will also be of benefit to policy-makers and EU think-tanks.Trade Review'Although hopes for a ''Europe of the regions'' have long been quashed, this important volume recognises and explores the obstinacy of regions in contemporary politics. The interdisciplinary and broad-ranging discussion provides a rigorous and much-needed re-assessment both of the status quo of regional governance and the role that regions can and should play in tackling the current crises of democratic politics in Europe.' --Anwen Elias, Aberystwyth University, UK'A strong collection of studies devoted to the comeback of the idea of a ''Europe with the regions''. Writing from multidisciplinary perspectives, a team of both more-established and younger scholars explores the idea of a Europe with the regions, the current role of regions in the EU, intra-regional political dynamics and the role of the EU in the regions. This edited volume provides a rich source for anyone who is interested in territorial politics, European governance and multilevel democracies.' --Klaus Detterbeck, University of Göttingen, Germany'Irrespective of volatile slogans like ''Europe of the regions'', of changing political priorities and of shifting academic attention, the regional dimension remains key to the functioning of Europe. This volume unveils a neglected reality and puts regional studies back at the core of the European debate.' --Francesco Palermo, University of Verona and Eurac Research, ItalyTable of ContentsContents: Preface by the editors 1. Regional Governance in the EU or: What Happened to the ‘Europe of the Regions’? Introduction Gabriele Abels and Jan Battke Part I: Normative and Conceptual Perspective on Regionalisation and Governance The Contribution of Regions to EU Democracy Simona Piattoni 3. Deconstructing and Reconstructing Good Governance in Relation to Regional and Local Participation in EU Decision-Making Processes Carlo Panara 4. Neo-regionalism in Europe: The Process of Delimiting Regional Boundaries François-Olivier Seys Part II: Dynamics of Intra-state Regionalisation and its Implications 5. Developing Autonomy – Are there Alternatives to Secession? Roland Sturm 6. The Catalan Secession Bid – Between Structural and Contemporary Tensions within the State of Autonomies Mario Kölling 7. Reforming the Territorial Constitution in Italy: Some Reflections on Durability and Change Matteo Nicolini Part III: Macro-regional Dynamics and European Integration 8. Scaling and Rescaling in EU Spatial Governance Franziska Sielker and Dominic Stead 9. Experimentalist Governance and EU Macro-regional Strategies: New Dynamics in European Regional and Territorial Cooperation? Stefan Gänzle 10. Cultural Dimension of Macro-regions. A Prospective Reflection Thomas Perrin Part IV: Regions in Supranational Democratic Governance 11. The EU’s Multilevel Parliamentary System: Escaping from the Trilemma of Market Integration, National Democracy and National Sovereignty Peter Bursens 12. Regions and the Parliamentarisation of EU Governance: Is the Early Warning System the Solution? Anna-Lena Högenauer 13. Regions as Lobbyists Michaël Tatham 14. Conclusions: A ‘Europe with the Regions’ in the Making Jan Battke and Gabriele Abels Index

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Book SynopsisRecent populist movements online and around the globe have drawn the attention of news media, social and political analysts, and scholars, all of whom seek to understand the patterns of influence which have produced and are produced by this populist surge. Whether nationalist or revolutionary, ideological or geopolitical, these movements have changed the way we relate to one another as leaders and followers. In its various forms, populism is changing the face and geography of global politics and society. Leadership, Populism and Resistance draws upon the study of history, politics, policy, media, virtue, and heroism to examine the ways in which populism and popular movements have evolved, what we have learned (and failed to learn) from them, how we depict and discuss them through popular media and the press, and, finally, how we can understand virtue and heroism as a consequence or-reaction to-populism and popularity. This volume uses a multidisciplinary approach to examine the causes and impacts of populism and popular movements across time and around the world which would appeal to a wide variety of scholars and practitioners. Its chapters provide potential teaching tools within individual disciplines (history, psychology, media studies, political science, literature, education, leadership studies) which are useful for educators at all levels concerned with social movements, populism and democracy. The interdisciplinary nature of the volume is also accessible to non-academic audiences interested in modern populist and popular socio-political trends. Trade Review'In a time when the Western world scratches its head about the rise of populism and the decline of democracy, journalists and pundits try to make sense out of the events of the day. This unique and engaging scholarly collection takes a different tack. By looking at the past, it escapes the tyranny of the present and offers perspective on where we are now and how we might move beyond populist leaders and restore democracy.' --Joanne B. Ciulla, Rutgers Business School, Newark and New Brunswick, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction to Leadership, Populism, and Resistance 1 Kristin M.S. Bezio and George R. Goethals THEORY OF POPULISM 1. Populism discourse and “trouble in democracy”: a critical approach 8 Paul Sanders HISTORICAL POPULISM 2. Muslims are the new Jesuits: what we can learn about leadership and modern Islamophobia from Shakespeare’s England 30 Kristin M.S. Bezio 3. Guinartism: on Don Quixote, caudillos, and political imagination in Latin America 46 Ernesto Semán 4. Eric Voegelin on the seemliness of symbols: Shays’s Rebellion 70 Nathan Harter and Cydney Clark 5. Crusading for citizenship: how the mid-twentieth-century quest for African American voting rights emphasized plurality over populism 90 Julian Maxwell Hayter POPULISM AND MEDIA 6 Talking the talk: communication as the essential element of leadership 107 Hayley Gray-Hoehn 7. Attacking the fourth estate: the nature and effects of political leaders’ war with the press 129 Allison M.N. Archer 8. #TheResistance: leadership and the exercise of dissent in the Twitterverse 148 Kimberly Yost TODAY’S POPULISM 9. Donald Trump as the archetypal puer aeternus: the psychology of mature and immature leadership 160 Scott T. Allison, George R. Goethals, and Smaragda P. Spyrou 10. Immigration and school leadership in the Trump era: a discussion of compliance, ethic of care, and dissent 176 Thomas J. Shields and Kate M. Cassada 11. Beyond red and blue: what students need to learn if American democracy is to survive and thrive 196 Thad Williamson POPULISM AND VIRTUE 12. Humility: the forgotten leadership virtue 212 Kenneth P. Ruscio Index 222

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Book SynopsisThis essential Research Handbook provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of the global governance instruments related to business and human rights from an interdisciplinary perspective. Contributions from a diverse range of leading international scholars offer an overview of the existing literature and rapidly-evolving research discipline, as well as identifying key trends and outlining an ambitious future research agenda.The Research Handbook first examines governance initiatives that operate across economic sectors, discussing both public and private initiatives at state, regional and international levels that seek to develop, implement and enforce rules with regard to the impacts of transnational business activities on human rights. Chapters then investigate particular economic sectors – including textiles, electronics, agro-chemical, construction, and finance – to assess the ways in which different initiatives attempt to mitigate risks and address business-related human rights abuses.Scholars of law, regulatory governance, global governance, management, human rights and social sciences who are interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the emerging business and human rights regime will find this Research Handbook a crucial read. It will also prove a useful and thorough introduction for students, scholars and practitioners new to the field of business and human rights.Trade Review‘The chapters in this Handbook present a comprehensive and sophisticated analysis of the wide-ranging initiatives of non-state actors to improve the human rights performance of global firms. An impressive and informative collaborative effort by two dozen distinguished scholars that tells us both what we now know and what we still need to learn about this important subject.’ -- David Vogel, University of California, Berkeley, US‘A remarkable work with an impressive line-up of experts from different fields which provides an in-depth analysis of a wide range of issues pertaining to the field of business and human rights. A must read for anyone interested or working in the field!’ -- Claire Bright, NOVA School of Law, PortugalTable of ContentsContents: 1 Global governance of business and human rights: introduction 1 Axel Marx, Kari Otteburn, Diana Lica, Geert van Calster and Jan Wouters 2 The United Nations Draft Treaty on Business and Human Rights: an analysis of its emergence, development and potential 21 Radu Mares 3 Business and human rights and regional systems of human rights protection: applying a governance lens 44 Claire Methven O’Brien 4 The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: what contribution are the National Action Plans making? 75 Carmen Márquez Carrasco 5 Transparency and human rights in global supply chains: from corporate-led disclosure to a right to know 99 Olga Martin-Ortega 6 Human rights due diligence instruments: evaluating the current legislative landscape 120 Robert McCorquodale 7 Public procurement as an instrument to pursue human rights protection 142 Sope Williams-Elegbe 8 Voluntary standards for business and human rights: reviewing and categorizing the field 161 Andreas Rasche 9 The efficacy of voluntary standards, sustainability certifications, and ethical labels 176 Elizabeth A. Bennett 10 No ISO fix for human rights: a critical perspective on ISO 26000 guidance on social responsibility 204 Stéphanie Bijlmakers 11 Seeking remedies for corporate human rights abuses: what is the contribution of OECD National Contact Points? 228 Kari Otteburn and Axel Marx 12 Business and human rights: what role for National Human Rights Institutions? 253 Linda C. Reif 13 The role of Human Rights Ombudsman Institutions in business and human rights 273 Jernej Letnar Černič 14 Regulating human rights in the textile sector: smoke and mirrors 290 Justine Nolan 15 The electronics industry: governance of business and human rights against a background of complexity 311 Peter Pawlicki 16 Biotechnologies and concentration in the agro-biochemical-technological market: risks and challenges for human rights 333 Ana Luiza da Gama e Souza 17 Human rights and the global construction sector: deconstructing the challenges faced by low-wage workers 357 David Segall 18 Ensuring financial sector compliance with human rights: from the UNGPs to complicity 379 Marta Bordignon Index

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Book SynopsisHow did Rodrigo Duterte earn the support of large segments of the Philippine middle class, despite imposing arbitrary rule and offering little tolerance for dissent? Has the Filipino middle class, heroes of the 1986 People Power Revolution, given up on democracy? Chasing Freedom tells the story of the love/hate relationship of the Philippine middle class with democratic politics. It illuminates the historical roots and contingency of the Philippine middle-class’s reticence about democracy, and makes visible the forms of power that have shaped and constrained middle-class imaginings of democracy and representations of themselves as political subjects. Drawing on historical archival work, discourse analysis and fieldwork interviews, the chapters trace the attitudes of the Filipino middle class from the time of American colonization in 1898 to the 2016 election of strongman Rodrigo Duterte. The argument is that democracy has been, and continues to be, lived in a deeply ambivalent way. The simultaneous saying of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ to democracy by citizens is one of the defining features of the Philippines’ democratic journey. The prime source of this ambivalence, the book argues, is the Janus face of America’s ‘democratic imperialism’, and the deprecation inherent in the project of ‘democratic tutelage’. According to Webb, the Philippines is a bellwether case of what she calls democratic ambivalence. In an age when disenchantment with democracy is on the rise, it provides lessons of global importance. The book’s empirical findings support a striking conclusion: since ambivalence is not simply a ‘pathology’ of democracy, but one of its persistent features, the dynamics of ambivalence need to be at the heart of descriptive and normative accounts of how democracy works.Trade Review‘Webb sheds light on the unsung connection between democratic ambivalence in the Philippines and American imperialism… [Chasing Freedom] may spark great interest among students of political science, history, and development studies. Webb’s original contribution to Philippine historiography and democratic theory deserves further research and interest, especially when pieces of historical evidence are often left unacknowledged to deliberately cement today’s dominant narratives.’ John Romer M. Capurcos, Philippine Political Science Journal"Webb makes an original contribution to the field by offering a nuanced analysis of Filipino middle-class responses to democracy and linking this to the period of ‘democratic tutelage’ under American colonial rule.” Professor Mina Roces, Series Editor“Webb convincingly argues that to understand the middle class’s difficult relationship to democracy, one needs to examine over long stretches of time what members of the middle class have thought about democracy – something that is not often done. Webb thus develops in this book a novel and highly fruitful approach that constitutes a significant contribution to the study of democracy.” Frederic Schaffer, Professor of Political Science at University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Book SynopsisRaphael Minder landed in Madrid in 2010 to cover Spain for The New York Times just as the dark clouds of the financial crisis were about to burst into a full-fledged euro debt storm. A Decade as a Foreign Correspondent follows the turbulent and momentous events that have reshaped the countrys political landscape: a secessionist movement in Catalonia, the end of Spain's two-party system, and a desperate attempt to contain the coronavirus pandemic. With a correspondents keen eye, this book takes the reader on an extraordinary journey of discovery from the most remote corners of Spain, where an arid soil produces delicious truffles; to Moroccan hashish trafficked alongside migrants; to the historical repercussions of American nuclear bombs; and not least to the central square of Madrid, where Spain's radical left-wing movement was born. The book shines a light on Spain through colorful anecdotes that help explain the fraught present, as well as the charged past, of a nation that only returned to democracy in the 1970s. It offers an unbiased perspective on an emotionally-charged decade that has polarized Spain. This chronicle of the social, political and economic fabric of Spain is essential reading for all involved in Hispanic studies and Spanish culture. For diplomats, civil servants, and business analysts indeed for anybody focused and involved in European affairs this tale takes to heart every economic fraud, administrative incompetence and political misdeed imaginable. Published in association with the Canada Blanch Centre for Contemporary Spanish Studies, LSE.

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Book SynopsisThis timely and engaging book examines the rise of populism across the globe. Combining insights from linguistics, argumentation theory, rhetoric, legal theory and political theory it offers a fully integrated characterization of the form and content of populist discourse. Throughout the book, eminent scholars address questions central to the topic, such as: how does populism manifest itself rhetorically; how does it relate to liberal democracy; and how can the populist challenge be confronted? Carefully selected case studies are used to examine how populist behaviour deviates from that which we would expect to be the norm in a liberal democracy, for example through the use of obnoxious language and refusal to substantiate vulgar claims. The book also provides key insights into more fundamental issues, such as the opposition between the 'real' people versus the elite and the longing for a 'Heimat'. Offering an in-depth analysis and evaluation at the intersection of language, law and politics, Vox Populi will be of great benefit to students and scholars from a range of disciplines.Table of ContentsContents: PART I: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 1. Introduction: The Study of Populism Henrike Jansen, Bart van Klink and Ingeborg van der Geest 2. The Rhetorical Stance of Populism David Zarefsky and Dima Mohammed 3. On Populism as a ‘Spectre’, and Unmanageable Concept Massimo La Torre PART II: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PEOPLE 4. Identifying Populism in Political Discourse: A Two-Step Corpus Analysis Henk Pander Maat 5. The Populist Construction of ‘One Nation’ in Politics: The Case of Turkey Yeliz Demir 6. The Different Faces of Populism: Discursive Shifts under Obama and Trump Carina van de Wetering PART III: POPULISM AS A STYLE 7. Suggesting Outsider Status by Behaving Improperly: The Linguistic Realisation of a Populist Rhetorical Strategy in Dutch Parliament Ton van Haaften and Maarten van Leeuwen 8. Populism and Parliamentary Argumentation Games Bertjan Wolthuis 9. Low Style the High Way: Rhetorical Mainstreaming of Populism Lisa Storm Villadsen PART IV: DEMOCRACY AND REPRESENTATION 10. The Immediacy of Populism and the Unrest of Democracy: A Phenomenological Inquiry into the Public Sphere Luigi Corrias 11. The Promise and Peril of Designing: A Radical Democratic Populism Laura M. Henderson 12. The Policy Dimension of Populism: A Comparative Approach of Party System Analysis Oliver W. Lembcke PART V: RESPONSES TO POPULISM 13. Values in Populism and Argumentative Counter-Strategies: The Case of Viktor Orbán Marija Sniečkutė 14. From Fact-Checking to Rhetoric-Checking: Extending Methods for Evaluating Populist Discourse H. José Plug and Jean H. M. Wagemans 15. How to Confront the Populist Challenge? Bart van Klink and Ingeborg van der Geest Index

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Book SynopsisAre we living in an age of permanent austerity? In this insightful book, Bent Greve provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of welfare states since 2000, exploring the ways in which austerity can be measured and quantified and how far retrenchment has impinged on European welfare states. Featuring clear and succinct discussions defining austerity and retrenchment, Greve offers strong methodological approaches to the measurement of austerity. This timely book provides detailed comparative European analysis, unpacking changes in health care, pension systems and employment policies to better understand the nature, impact and extent of austerity in welfare services. Detailed and nuanced, this book is critical for students of social policy, sociology and political science exploring contemporary European austerity programs. Researchers will also benefit, as the author casts new light on the development and trajectories of the modern welfare state.Trade Review'This book presents a comprehensive stock taking exercise of welfare state developments over the last two decades. It shows that, contrary to widespread perceptions and analyses that emphasize austerity and retrenchment, welfare spending has continued to increase. It provides further validation of the notion that welfare states are an indispensable component of modern political economies.' --Giuliano Bonoli, University of Lausanne, Switzerland'The concept of austerity has been a dominant one in political and public policy discourse since the Great Recession of 2008. In social policy the ''era of austerity'' dates back even longer, to at least the turn of the millennium. Yet, the term is often ill-defined and its application is sometimes more assumed than measured and analysed. In this rigorously researched book Bent Greve develops a clear framework for investigating what ''austerity'' has actually meant for EU welfare states. When has it, and when has it not, been implemented? Greve paints on a broad comparative canvas, but draws a complex picture. This book provides a fresh, and needed, insight. It should be read by all with an interest in the recent history and possible futures of European welfare states.' --Alex Waddan, University of Leicester, UKTable of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Austerity and the Welfare State: An Introduction 2. Key concepts 3. Can we measure change? 4. Tax or welfare? 5. Key developments in welfare state spending 6. Has there been austerity within the pension system? 7. Employment policy 8. Health care 9. Long-term care 10. Poverty and inequality 11. How far have welfare states changed? 12. Austerity in welfare states or not? Index

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Book SynopsisMany democratic theorists have viewed the recent innovations adopted throughout Latin America in a positive light. This evaluation has engendered the idea that all innovations are democratic and all democratic innovations are able to foster citizenship. Presenting a realistic analysis of both the positive and negative aspects of innovation, this book argues that these innovations ought to be examined at the intersection between design and the political system.The Two Faces of Institutional Innovation offers a new perspective on developments such as participatory budgeting, the National Electoral Institute (INE) and the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) in Mexico and comités de vigilancia in Bolivia, and evaluates the extent to which, in reality, citizens were involved in decision-making, distributive policies and citizen education. Further chapters also examine the expansion of innovation to the field of judicial institutions - one of the key areas in which innovation took place in Latin America, showing that the role of legal corporations in democracy cannot be compared with the role of engaged citizens.Contemporary and astute, this book will captivate students and scholars researching in the areas of innovation policy and regulatory governance. Its analysis of the positive and negative aspects of democratic innovation will also benefit democratic theorists and policy-makers alike.Trade Review'It is a truism to say that to understand democracy one must go beyond elections and the activities of the political class, and delve into the entrails of the bureaucracy and the judiciary. The execution is complicated, because it requires navigating a forest of rules and regulations and dissecting numerous small-scale decisions, but this book offers excellent examples of how to go about this task.' --David Lehmann, Journal of Latin American Studies'Avritzer's groundbreaking book demonstrates how different trajectories of innovations affect both democratic politics and the rule of law. The book highlights how democratic innovations expand citizens' voice and broaden the public sphere. In contrast, innovations initiated with the judicial branch not only limit democratic practices, but also make it more difficult to craft a functioning rule of law because there are few accountability checks over judicial actions. Avritzer's book makes an excellent contribution to debates on democratic politics and the rule of law in new democracies.' --Brian Wampler, Boise State University, US'Most students of democratization since 1974 (myself included) were wrong and Leonardo Avritzer has proven us so. We assumed (and complained) that in these seventy or so cases, almost all of the effort in regime change was devoted to simply imitating preceding ''real-existing democracies.'' His book documents and analyzes an extraordinary variety of efforts at institutional innovation in these neo-democracies, mostly in Latin America (and especially in his native Brazil). It is enlightening reading for anyone studying democratization and obligatory reading for anyone interested in improving the quality of ''real and recent existing'' democracy.' --Philippe C. Schmitter, European University Institute, ItalyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction: the theory of institutional innovation: an overview 1. The two sides of institutional innovation 2. A second source of innovation: critical public policy 3. Participatory budgeting as a democratic innovation: origins, expansion, and limits 4. Councils and monitoring in Latin America as forms of participatory accountability 5. Innovation in the wrong direction: the Brazilian and Colombian constitutional tradition, Ministério Público and the Courts Conclusion: The two faces of Innovation Index

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Book SynopsisThis thought-provoking book conceptualizes the importance of civil society and citizenship in building a sustainable and participatory democracy. It considers the ways in which networks and organizations promoting common interests contribute to this mediating space between the public and private spheres, examining the impacts of the diversity of values and attitudes held by these organizations.Taking a normative position, Thomas P. Boje argues for the importance of social justice and civility in an active, liberating, equitable and participatory society. He presents a series of ideas for democratic involvement and emancipation through civil society organizations, as well as societal institutions more generally. This innovative book concludes with a detailed discussion of the conditions required for a participatory democratic system in which all citizens are involved in the planning, decision-making and implementation of crucial decisions influencing the development of an equitable society.This timely book will be an illuminating read for students and scholars seeking to understand the role of civil society and real participatory democracy in liberal democracies. It will also be a key resource for policy makers, professionals and activists wishing to become more informed about conditions for participatory democracy and activism.Trade Review'Bridging reflections on civil society and democracy, Thomas Boje addresses the central questions of the conditions under which civil action improves democratic processes. Covering fundamental debates for normative as well as empirical scholarship, he convincingly argues for the importance of social justice and civility for an active, liberating and participatory society.' -- Donatella Della Porta, Scuola Normale Superiore, Italy'In times where popular resentment against prevailing orders and practices sustains an autocratization of political and social systems, this book presents an engaged and well-informed plea for counter-initiatives. It argues the case for better links between state and society - a liberal democratic order that regains strength by more participatory mechanisms and types of welfare and service systems which foster a co-productive role for the public. The result is a compelling case for an active kind of citizenship and a civility that counts for society at large.' -- Adalbert Evers, Heidelberg University, Germany'Civil society and civility are basic conditions for participatory democracy. Liberal democratic ideals of civility and citizenship entail a vibrant civil society enabling, through a plurality of organizations, citizens’ active participation and mediating between private and collective interests. To make this normative case, Thomas P. Boje draws on a wide range of sociological and political theories and empirical researches, developing a comprehensive view of the significance of civil society for the present and future of liberal democracy.' -- Bernard Enjolras, Institute for Social research, Oslo, Norway'Thomas P. Boje makes an important contribution to the literature on the role of civil society and active citizenship in building sustainable and participatory democracies. In these turbulent times, when democracy is under threat from rising right-wing, authoritarian populism and declining trust in political institutions and parties, it is essential to examine how citizens' actions and networks, contribute to trust and cooperation. Of course, civil society organizations are not free from conflict, mistrust or competition and Boje deftly grapples with these tensions as he lays out a series of ideas for democratic involvement and emancipation through these organizations.' -- Armine Ishkanian, London School of Economics and Political Science, UKTable of ContentsContents: Foreword Introduction to Civility and Participatory Democracy 1. Civil society, citizenship and activism: conditions for real democracy 2. Civility, social justice and active participation 3. Civil society on the political agenda: the conditions for the collective 4. From public to civic social services 5. Global civil society and civic participation 6. Citizenship and civil society: rights, duties and belonging 7. Civil society, civic action and populism 8. Participation and democracy: the role of activism References Index

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Book SynopsisThis visionary book seeks to uncover the main barriers to achieving greater social justice in existing twenty-first century capitalism. Developing a comprehensive consequentialist theory of justice applied to today’s global situation, Mike Berry adopts the thesis that, in order to move towards a more just world, the weaknesses of liberal democracy must be overcome through reconstructing robust, resilient social democracies.Arguing for the necessary interrelation of justice and democracy, the book presents a detailed analysis of the development of and threats to western democracy in the current phase of global capitalism. Chapters offer a progressive case for a reconstructed social democracy, rather than piecemeal reform of existing liberal democratic regimes. Berry examines how the oligarchic trajectory of capitalism must be stymied through radical institutional change and continual monitoring. The book concludes that this is a continuing political project, calling for new modes of mobilisation and the ecological emergence of new values and world views.Introducing the critical role of uncertainty and the relevance of real time to the question of progress defined as increasing justice, this book will be critical reading for scholars and students of political philosophy, political economy and public policy. It will also be beneficial for progressive policy makers and advisers questioning existing policy platforms and settings.Trade Review‘Mike Berry’s latest book gives us a basis for considering what a more disruptive and forward looking political economic project could be. Political economists have not always been all that clear in spelling out their politics. By this, I mean much more than a failure to spell out the ‘mechanics’ of how they think their critique of the status quo can be turned into an effective political program (which proved a fateful lacuna in Marx’s case). One aspect of the dissensus Berry is giving voice to engages fundamental ideas about justice and the good society. Whether you agree with Berry or not, he offers a basis on which we can start to think about what we want governments, markets and the community to do, and why.’ -- Rob Watts, Journal of Australian Political Economy‘Justice and Democracy is a well-written and engaging book. Being true to his rejection of a clear division of intellectual labour between a political philosopher and social scientist, Berry juxtaposes nicely philosophical thinking on justice with rich historical and political economy narratives of various current issues ranging from surveillance capitalism and the rise of populism to climate change and global pandemic.’> -- Sine Bag?atur, Housing, Theory and Society‘This work is accessible to newcomers and will keep old hands enthralled.’ -- Anitra Nelson, Progress in Political Economy‘A thorough reappraisal of the strained relationship between justice and democracy has never been more important than in our current global context of the Great Unsettling. Mike Berry not only offers a penetrating historical analysis of this relationship, but also provides a thoughtful roadmap to social justice based on the necessary restructuring of global capitalism. Rejecting both neoliberal market globalism and the populist retreat to economic nationalism, this book calls instead for a reglobalization of the enduring social democratic principles of equality, solidarity, and anti-authoritarianism. A must-read!’ -- Manfred B. Steger, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, US and Western Sydney University, AustraliaTable of ContentsContents: Introduction: anti-entropy – the idea of progress PART I THE IMPERATIVES OF JUSTICE 1. Why justice matters 2. The pursuit of the ideal 3. Working towards justice PART II THE FRAGILITY OF DEMOCRACY 4. Why democracy matters 5. The threats to democracy 6. Shoring up democracy Epilogue: looking forward References Index

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Book SynopsisWith the rise of direct-democratic instruments, the relationship between popular sovereignty and the rule of law is set to become one of the defining political issues of our time. This important and timely book provides an in-depth analysis of the limits imposed on referendums and citizens’ initiatives, as well as of systems of reviewing compliance with these limits, in 11 European states.Chapters explore and lay the scientific basis for answering crucial questions such as ‘Where should the legal limits of direct democracy be drawn?’ and ‘Who should review compliance with these limits?’ Providing a comparative analysis of the different issues in the selected countries, the book draws out key similarities and differences, as well as an assessment of the law and the practice at national levels when judged against the international standards contained in the Venice Commission’s Guidelines on the Holding of Referendums.Presenting an up-to-date analysis of the relationship between popular sovereignty and the rule of law, The Legal Limits of Direct Democracy will be a key resource for scholars and students in comparative and constitutional law and political science. It will also be beneficial to policy-makers and practitioners in parliaments, governments and election commissions, and experts working for international organisations.Trade Review‘Referendums and popular initiatives have become more frequent in Europe, and also more disruptive for the stability of national political systems. There is a rich political science literature on the promise and risk of direct democracy but the legal literature, so far, tended to be country-specific. The present volume fills a gap in our knowledge by providing an in-depth comparative study of the legal constraints that condition and channel the recourse to instruments of direct democracy. The book covers 11 representative countries of Europe and it also discusses the Europe-wide Code of good practice on referendums adopted by the Venice Commission.’Table of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction to The Legal Limits of Direct Democracy 1 Daniel Moeckli PART I THE VENICE COMMISSION’S CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE ON REFERENDUMS 2 The Code of Good Practice on Referendums 11 Pierre Garrone 3 Revision of the Code of Good Practice on Referendums 19 Nicos C. Alivizatos PART II ‘OLD’ EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES 4 Switzerland 24 Daniel Moeckli 5 Liechtenstein 43 Wilfried Marxer 6 Italy 65 Henri Ibi 7 Spain 86 Daniel Simancas 8 France 107 Marthe Fatin-Rouge Stefanini PART III ‘NEW’ EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES 9 Slovenia 135 Bruna Žuber and Igor Kaučič 10 Croatia 155 Robert Podolnjak 11 Slovakia 176 Kamil Baraník 12 Hungary 195 Anna Forgács 13 Latvia 214 Mārtinš Birģelis 14 Russia 236 Julian Ivan Beriger 15 Comparative conclusion 262 Anna Forgács, Henri Ibi and Daniel Moeckli Index

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Book SynopsisThis ground-breaking book investigates the work of policy professionals. They consist of political actors who, although not elected to office, are nonetheless employed to affect policy and politics on a partisan basis. Through an analysis of the influence and power they wield, this book sheds light on how the growth of this group represents a major transformation of the organization of politics and policy making in advanced democracies. Taking a comparative, longitudinal perspective, Stefan Svallfors examines a combination of rich qualitative and quantitative data from countries such as Sweden, the Netherlands, Ireland and Latvia in order to explore what skills policy professionals deploy, the motivations that drive them, and the demand and use for their skills in various organizations. He links his analysis to fundamental questions about the current state and future of democracy, demonstrating that the work of policy professionals is key to understanding how contemporary political influence and democratic accountability function. Politics for Hire will be a stimulating read for scholars and advanced students in political science, public administration, public policy and sociology. It will also provide useful insights for those working in politics and governance seeking to understand the impact and influence of policy professionals.Trade Review‘Politics for Hire. The World and Work of Policy Professionals makes a welcome contribution to an underexplored subject of research. In his book, Stefan Svallfors applies a truly comparative lens to approach the subject and he uses a variety of resources to offer us a rich understanding of an invisible yet very intriguing world.’ -- Ellen Fobé, der moderne staat’Unelected political professionals loom increasingly large in European governance. But what do these professionals do, how do they do it, and what difference does it make? In a single study, Stefan Svallfors recasts our understanding of this sorely neglected issue, bringing the ‘’shadow government’’ of complex democratic societies back to the center of focus and debate. A masterful book.’- Jacob S. Hacker, Yale University, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. The new unelected 2. A research field in the making 3. Glocal political action: generic skills, local application 4. Power without responsibility 5. The peculiar market for political skills (with Niels Selling) 6. Lobbying for profits: the Swedish case (with Anna Tyllström) 7. Policy professionals and the future of democracy Index

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Book SynopsisThis cutting-edge book explores the diverse and contested meanings of ''citizenship'' in the 21st century, as representative democracy faces a mounting crisis in the wake of the Digital Age. Luigi Ceccarini enriches and updates the common notion of citizenship, answering the question of how it is possible to fully live as a citizen in a post-modern political community.Employing an international, multidisciplinary framework, Ceccarini brings together the findings of continental political philosophy and history, and contemporary western political science and communication studies to advance our understanding of political motivation and participation in the present day. As new participatory and monitoring dynamics of online citizenship redefine the very form of public space, this timely book addresses the values, creativity and aspirations through which social actors engage with a networked society, making use of technological innovations and new forms of communication to participate in post-representative politics.A provocative call to action in an era defined by distrust, disillusionment and digitization, this book is crucial reading for scholars and researchers of political science, sociology and communication studies, particularly those seeking a thoroughly modern understanding of digital citizenship. It will also benefit advanced political science students in need of a historical overview of the concept of citizenship and how it has developed under the auspices of the Internet.Trade Review'What does it mean to be a ''good online citizen''? While it has become a commonplace to say that the Internet is profoundly changing our political and social lives, few commentators have delved into the full ramifications of its implications for citizenship as thoroughly as Luigi Ceccarini does here in this richly documented account.' -- Colin Crouch, University of Warwick, UK and Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Introduction 1. In the background 2. Citizenship, identity and political community 3. Citizens: dealigned and critical 4. Participation and (post)democracy 5. ‘Monitoria’ and responsibility 6. Going beyond mediation 7. Conclusions References Index

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Book SynopsisElgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary.Mapping a wide range of civil society research perspectives, this pioneering Research Agenda offers a rich and clear insight for academics and practitioners hoping to embark on future civil society research. Kees Biekart and Alan Fowler bring together over 20 expert contributions from researchers across the globe who are actively engaged in testing the old and generating new knowledge about civil society. Beginning with a concise historical review of civil society research over the last four decades, the book provides a critical insight into the future of research, taking into account the domestic outcomes of major geopolitical changes and the increasing shift towards authoritarian and populist systems of governance. Exploring the norms and values of civil society, as well as key topics such as voluntourism, civil society mapping, democratization, and civic agency, chapters offer a unique overview of civil society research themes and agendas. Its comprehensive analysis of canonical civil society research provides a fertile basis from which novel research can be conducted.A wide audience of development professionals, including NGO staff, consultants, evaluators, and public servants, will benefit from the forward-looking perspectives advanced in this dynamic Research Agenda. It will also be an essential resource for academics and researchers in the field.Trade Review‘A Research Agenda for Civil Society provides a much needed synopsis of the antecedents, internal contradictions, and promises of civil society within a comparative African-Global Southern Context. At a time of pervasive political and epistemological uncertainty, the book throws precious critical light on a subject of increasing academic and policy relevance.’ -- Ebenezer Obadare, Council on Foreign Relations, US‘This book represents an important effort to diversify our thinking about civil society and challenge common assumptions about its processes, constituent parts, and effects. It will be an essential addition to university libraries and courses worldwide.’ -- Michael Edwards, writer and activist, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1 A research agenda for civil society: introduction and overview 1 Kees Biekart and Alan Fowler PART I STUDYING CIVIL SOCIETY 2 Funding civil society research 17 David Sogge 3 Epistemologies of civil society 33 Patricia Maria E. Mendonça 4 Civil society studies in Brazil: from third sector to uncivil society? 45 Mário Aquino Alves 5 Civic deviance and lawlessness: the aftermath of January 6, 2021 55 Roseanne Mirabella and W. King Mott 6 Measuring the values of civil society in the Middle East and North Africa regions 69 Ali Bakir Hamoudi 7 Mapping civil society 83 Susan Appe PART II CIVIL SOCIETY TYPOLOGIES 8 Human rights organizations and civil society 99 Antoine Buyse and Verónica Gómez 9 From humanitarian diplomacy to advocacy: a research agenda 111 Dorothea Hilhorst and Margit van Wessel 10 NGOs and innovation 127 Ana Luisa Silva 11 Emergent agency in a time of Covid 143 Irene Guijt, Duncan Green, Filippo Artuso and Katrina Barnes 12 Civil society and (re‑)embedding volunteering 161 Lucas Meijs and Stephanie Koolen-Maas 13 The value of diasporic cross-border philanthropy and voluntourism 173 Philine S.M. van Overbeeke and Malika Ouacha 14 New and fluid forms of organizing volunteering 189 Cristine Dyhrberg Højgaard 15 Public administration as a site of struggle for social justice 201 Chris McInerney PART III HISTORIOGRAPHIES OF CIVIL SOCIETY 16 Pro-social giving and reciprocity in the Global South 215 John C. H. Godfrey 17 Connecting African civil society to its roots 229 Alan Fowler and Shauna Mottiar 18 Understanding diversity of South Caucasus civil society 243 Yevgenya Jenny Paturyan 19 The Polish case: from darling to endangered species? 255 Galia Chimiak 20 Civil society in the Southern Cone of Latin America 271 Pablo Marsal Baraldi 21 The future of civil society research in China, Hong Kong and Vietnam 283 Mark Sidel PART IV CONCLUSIONS 22 Civil society research: future perspectives 295 Alan Fowler and Kees Biekart Index

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Book SynopsisExamining one of the most hotly debated topics in contemporary politics, media and academia, the Research Handbook on Populism brings together a diverse range of academics from across the globe to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of the developing field of populism research. This title contains one or more Open Access chapters.

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Book SynopsisThis unique book presents original concepts to characterize the current crisis of democracy. Offering a comparative study of original electoral data and analysis of contemporary trends, models and theoretical frameworks, Luigi Di Gregorio argues that democracy is affected by ‘demopathy’; it is sick and is in need of therapy.Luigi Di Gregorio explores how democratic malaise derives from the transition to postmodernity and the rise of individualization: the loss of social meaning, the end of meta-narratives, the crisis of knowledge and cognitive authorities, narcissism and new perceptions of time and space. The author argues that mass media and technological innovations are the main drivers of this change and have heightened the logic of the consumer society. The resulting psychological democracy is that of a permanent ‘pollcracy’, whose leaders are simply pursuers of public opinion. The book concludes that democracy must be defended by building a positive narrative to counterbalance the effects of these trends.Taking a multidisciplinary approach, this book will be critical reading for scholars and students of political science, political sociology, political theory and political communication and marketing. Its broad perspective paints a big picture that will also be beneficial for political consultants and policy analysts.Trade Review‘This work offers a convincing analysis that stresses the mutual causation between political leadership, citizens, and the media. I am confident that promising (and achievable) cures follow logically from this analysis. Demopathy and the Democratic Malaise is an outstanding book that democrats anywhere should pay close attention to.’Table of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Introduction to demopathy and the democratic malaise PART I SYMPTOMS 2. The contemporary crisis of democracy. Symptoms of the democratic malaise PART II DIAGNOSIS 3. The origin of the crisis. Individualized modernity and the narcissist syndrome 4. The communication and image society. The driver of the narcissist syndrome 5. Demopathy. Public emotion, pollcracy, followship PART III THERAPY 6. Towards a democracy of the imaginary. An evolutionary perspective 7. (Covid) Afterword Index

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Book SynopsisIdentifying a crisis for representative democracy in Western European party systems, this essential book studies the widening gap between political parties’ ideological economic Left-Right rhetoric and their increasing convergence on policymaking. Addressing whether these ideologies are converging or diverging, it answers whether these changes are initiated by the parties themselves, aligned with voter demand, or forced by economic globalization.The crisis of representative democracy in Western Europe is a prevalent issue in comparative politics. This comprehensive study assesses the problems faced by representative democracy by analysing ideological polarization and inter-party conflict in relation to the changing linkage between citizens, parties, and public policies, and the implications this has for representative democracy. Considering both supply-side and demand-side theories, it analyses five major theoretical themes central to the ideological convergence and polarization within party systems, including the cartel party thesis, the median voter theorem, realignment theory, consensus democracy theory, and globalization theory. Going beyond theory, chapters use five decades of empirical research to present new and unique longitudinal and comparative data sets covering eight party systems, ultimately providing a more accurate diagnosis of the vitality of representative democracy in contemporary Western Europe.Combining in-depth theoretical analysis with empirical research, this comprehensive book will prove invaluable to students and scholars of politics and political science, and policymakers concerned with party systems.Trade Review‘An innovative study of the changing forces reshaping party competition in Western Europe, the authors argue that electoral realignment, combined with globalization’s constraints on national politics, provide new challenges for political parties in representative democracies. The book will be essential reading for students of elections and political parties.’ -- Pippa Norris, Harvard University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. A crisis for representative democracy? An introduction 2. Selected countries and party systems: similarities and contrasts 3. Empirical approach to studying party system change: data and measurements 4. Ideological contestation in Western European party systems 5. Conflict levels in Western European party systems 6. Parties, voters, and representation 7. Public policies and globalization 8. Conclusions: polarizing party systems and converging policymaking References Index

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Book SynopsisIn this timely book, Hans-Georg Betz rethinks the concept of populism, to address crucial questions around this complex, multifaceted and enduring political phenomenon. Betz provides a novel interpretative framework based on the extant theoretical and empirical literature and supported by primary sources.

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Book SynopsisMaking a significant, novel contribution to the burgeoning international literature on the topic, this Handbook charts the various methodological, theoretical, comparative and empirical dimensions of a future research agenda on ministerial and political advisers.With an international approach, a diverse range of expert and emerging scholars perform a thorough sociodemographic analysis of political and ministerial actors across different administrative traditions around the globe. Chapters examine their emergence on the executive stage, the circumstances and various institutional arrangements in which they operate, their contributions as policy workers and their turbulent relationship with the media. Questioning normative stances surrounding corruption in political–administrative relations, this transdisciplinary Handbook provides a constructive, nuanced understanding of the nature and agency of ministerial and political advisers.Addressing both historical and contemporary matters relevant to ministerial and political advisers, this innovative Handbook will prove vital to students and scholars of politics, regulation and governance, public administration, policy and management, and international politics. With fresh and constructive analyses of the field, it will also be a useful resource for private-sector and governmental practitioners seeking insights into the roles and impacts of these advisers.Trade Review‘Shaw has curated a welcome and important contribution to our understanding of Ministerial and Political Advisers. Comprehensive in scope, theoretically and methodologically innovative, and empirically satisfying, this collection has a great deal to offer researchers and practitioners.’ -- Helen Sullivan, Australian National University‘This is an indispensable guide for scholars interested in how ministerial and political advisers shape public policy. With a clear and accessible style, contributors draw on a broad range of countries to describe the key controversies over the role of advisers and mark the path for new research on this critical topic.’ -- Alasdair Roberts, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, US‘Fifty years ago they started coming on the scene as scattered and shadowy “assistants”. Now, ministerial and political advisers are ubiquitous and institutionalised in many democracies. Are they indispensable lubricants in executive government, or an annoying and unaccountable force for politicising the public service? This impressive Handbook is the go-to place for state-of-the-art research on who these “powers behind the throne” are, how they operate and what influence they wield.’ -- Paul ’t Hart, Utrecht University and Scientific Council for Government Policy, the Netherlands‘Drawn together by one of the leading authors in the field, this outstanding collection of articles moves the study of political staff and ministerial advisers several large steps forward. Featuring contributions from prominent international scholars, the Handbook examines the location, content and nature of the high-level political and policy advice which often drives executive action in most contemporary governments. Unlike other work on the subject, the collection is explicitly comparative and its case studies of continental European, Westminster, Scandinavian, American, Asian and Latin American systems, especially, are at the leading edge of research on the subject. It is a must-read for students of executive government worldwide.’ -- Michael Howlett, Simon Fraser University, CanadaTable of ContentsContents: PART I SETTING THE SCENE 1 Introduction to the Handbook on Ministerial and Political Advisers 2 Richard Shaw and Chris Eichbaum 2 Of ideal-types and images: advisers and political-administrative relations 13 Alexandre Belloir and Caspar van den Berg 3 The story so far: what we know (and don’t know) about ministerial advisers 26 Athanassios Gouglas PART II THEORISING THE FIELD 4 Institutions matter: new institutionalist approaches to the study of ministerial advisers 46 Fabrizio Di Mascio and Alessandro Natalini 5 Public service bargains: advisers in the executive ménage à trois 61 Richard Shaw and Heidi Houlberg Salomonsen 6 Policy advisory systems: location, agency, and influence 76 Sylvia Veit 7 From institutionalism to court politics and all points between: the theoretical context of executive government 89 R. A. W. Rhodes PART III EMPIRICAL METHODS AND METHODOLOGIES 8 Survey research and ministerial advisers’ scholarship 110 Kristoffer Kolltveit, Rune Karlsen, and Jostein Askim 9 Using the interpretivist methodology 123 Amalie Trangbæk and Mathilde Cecchini 10 The comparative method in ministerial adviser research 137 Heath Pickering, Marleen Brans, and Guy Peters 11 Studying ministerial advisers’ careers and profiles: the prosopographic method 155 Marleen Brans, Arthur Meert, Pieter Moens, and Pierre Squevin 12 Systematic literature reviews: opportunities and limits in ministerial adviser research 173 Arthur Meert, Heath Pickering, Marleen Brans, and Athanassios Gouglas PART IV ADVICE AND ADVISERS AROUND THE WORLD 13 Traditions in Asia 197 Wei Li 14 Ministerial advisers in central and eastern Europe: transition belts or something else? 208 Katar’na Staroňov‡ and Marek Ryb‡ř 15 The Continental tradition of ministerial advice: no institutional home for ministerial advisers? 221 Thurid Hustedt 16 Ministerial advisers in political systems of the Napoleonic administrative tradition: the ministerial cabinet 232 Arthur Meert, Marleen Brans, Fabrizio Di Mascio, Athanassios Gouglas, Alessandro Natalini, and Patrícia Silva 17 Ministerial advisers in the Scandinavian tradition 251 Jostein Askim, Kristoffer Kolltveit, and Eivind Smith 18 Conceptualising the ministerial adviser in Latin America: roles and relationships with the bureaucracy 266 Diego Salazar-Morales 19 ‘31 Flavors’: the American system of ministerial (secretarial) advisers 282 Evan T. Haglund 20 The Westminster tradition 296 Bernadette Connaughton, Charis Rice, and Richard Shaw PART V MATTERS ARISING 21 Advising political leaders: history matters 313 Andrew Blick 22 Ministerial advisers and policy-making 326 Jonathan Craft 23 Policy-making in the executive triangle: a comparative perspective on ministers, advisers, and civil servants 338 Tobias Bach and Thurid Hustedt 24 Politics and politicisation: bane or boon companion? 352 Dennis C. Grube 25 Keeping them honest: accountability and regulation 365 Yee-Fui Ng 26 Ministerial advisers and the media 378 Rune Karlsen and Kristoffer Kolltveit 27 The biographies of ministerial advisers: why and how gender and career trajectories matter 390 Maria Maley PART VI WHERE TO FROM HERE FOR MINISTERIAL AND POLITICAL ADVISERS? 28 For better or for worse? Into the future 406 Richard Shaw Glossary: common terms and concepts found in the literature on ministerial advisers 419 Heath Pickering

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Book SynopsisThis thoroughly revised Handbook presents an up-to-date political and philosophical history of global constitutionalism. By exploring the constitutional-like qualities of international affairs, it provides key insights into the evolving world order.Through a sustained examination of current events, as well as an acknowledgement of the significance of early constitutional history, this erudite Handbook brings together contributions from world-leading academics. New chapters offer timely commentaries on important developments in methodology such as postcolonial and feminist approaches. By providing additional scope for analysis, this updated edition further emphasises the central message of the first: that the global order cannot be understood without a clear comprehension of constitutional theory.The Handbook on Global Constitutionalism will act as an essential resource for scholars and academics of law, politics and human rights. Due to its comprehensive examination of vital concepts such as legal theory, it will additionally be beneficial for practitioners and policy makers.Trade Review‘The revised and expanded edition of the already valuable Handbook on Global Constitutionalism shows the continuing vigor and development of this no-longer “emerging” field of scholarship. New essays on postcolonial and feminist approaches to global constitutionalism extend the field in interesting directions, as do essays on constituent power and transnational litigation networks. Even those who have used the first edition will find much more to think about in this new one.’ -- Mark Tushnet, Harvard Law School, US‘This book not only provides a comprehensive overview over global constitutionalism as a field of research. In times where it may seem to be under extreme pressure, it also serves as a hopeful reminder that global constitutionalism is deeply rooted historically, a force still to be reckoned with.’ -- Mathias Albert, Bielefeld University, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Preface and acknowledgments xvii 1 Introduction to the Handbook on Global Constitutionalism: protecting rights and democracy while binding power 1 Anthony F. Lang, Jr. and Antje Wiener PART I HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS 2 Global constitutionalism: the ancient worlds 24 Jill Harries 3 Medieval constitutionalism 36 Francis Oakley 4 Global constitutionalism in the early modern period: the role of empires, treaties and natural law 47 Martine van Ittersum 5 The Enlightenment and global constitutionalism 60 Chris Thornhill 6 Modern historical antecedents of global constitutionalism in theoretical perspective 77 Michel Rosenfeld PART II POLITICAL AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORIES 7 Cosmopolitanism and global constitutionalism 90 Garrett Wallace Brown 8 Liberal theory 102 Iain Ferguson 9 Constructivism and global constitutionalism 116 Jan Wilkens 10 Realist perspectives on global constitutionalism 130 Oliver Jütersonke 11 Critical theory 141 Gavin W. Anderson 12 The English School and global constitutionalism 153 Filippo Costa Buranelli 13 Postcolonial global constitutionalism 167 Sigrid Boysen 14 Feminist approaches to global constitutionalism 186 Ruth Houghton PART III LEGAL THEORIES 15 Natural law at the foundation of global constitutionalism 209 Mary Ellen O’Connell 16 International legal constitutionalism, legal forms and the need for villains 226 Jean d’Aspremont 17 Interactional legal theory, the international rule of law and global constitutionalism 241 Jutta Brunnée and Stephen J. Toope 18 The shifting relationship between functionalism and global constitutionalism 254 Jeffrey L. Dunoff 19 Global constitutionalism and international public authority in the crisis of liberal internationalism 266 Armin von Bogdandy, Matthias Goldmann and Ingo Venzke PART IV PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES 20 Global constitutionalism and the rule of law 295 Mattias Kumm 21 Balance of powers 309 Eoin Carolan 22 Constituent power in global constitutionalism 319 Peter Niesen 23 Human rights as transnational constitutional law 332 Samantha Besson 24 Proportionality as a global constitutional principle 347 Anne Peters 25 Written versus unwritten: two views on the form of an international constitution 364 Bardo Fassbender 26 Transnational litigation networks: agents of change in the global constitutional order 374 Jill Bähring 27 Human rights, sovereignty and the use of force 396 Sassan Gholiagha PART V INSTITUTIONS AND FRAMEWORKS 28 International judicial review 410 Başak ‚alõ 29 Legislatures 424 M.J. Peterson 30 Executive and exception 437 William E. Scheuerman 31 Federalism: from constitutionalism to constitutionalization? 448 Thomas O. Hueglin 32 The UN Charter and global constitutionalism? 460 Michael W. Doyle 33 Functionalism, constitutionalism and the United Nations 477 Jan Klabbers 34 The European Union and global constitutionalism 490 Jo Shaw 35 The International Criminal Court and global constitutionalism 508 Andrea Birdsall and Anthony F. Lang, Jr. 36 Global commercial constitutionalization: the World Trade Organization 519 Joel P. Trachtman PART VI NEW HORIZONS 37 Global constitutionalism and outer space governance 529 Adam Bower 38 The political economy of global constitutionalism 542 Christine Schwöbel-Patel 39 Global religion in a post-Westphalia world 556 Susanna Mancini 40 Constitutionalism and pluralism 568 Neil Walker Index

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Book SynopsisThis insightful and timely book introduces an explanatory theory for surveying global and international politics. Describing the nature and effects of democracy beyond the state, Hans Agné explores peace and conflict, migration politics, resource distribution, regime effectiveness, foreign policy and posthuman politics through the lens of democratism to both supplement and challenge established research paradigms. Transcending the conventional limitations of domestic politics in empirical studies, Agné presents novel ways of thinking about democracy, reconstructing received normative theories of democracy in global and international politics into an innovative framework for causal explanation. Rigorously testing this framework both empirically and theoretically, this book goes to the very heart of contemporary political issues, illustrating new solutions to problems of inequality, social recognition, global governance, environment politics and human rights protections. Opening up new avenues for exploring contemporary paradigms in international studies, this book is crucial reading for scholars and students of political science, particularly those interested in democratic and international theory. It will also benefit policymakers and political analysts, offering a wealth of new ideas concerning the key drivers of modern democratic politics and critical insights for changing its direction.Trade Review‘Democratism: Explaining International Politics with Democracy Beyond the State is a truly remarkable and ambitious book. It argues that democratism affects almost all outcomes in world politics and international policy processes. It is a most important theoretical contribution to IR, and it develops a fresh perspective on the concept of democracy – both on a very high level.’ -- Michael Zürn, WZB Berlin Social Science Center, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction: democratism in international studies PART I THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY BEYOND THE STATE 1. Conceptual expansions: the meaning of democracy beyond the state 2. Conceptual delimitations: the meaning of democracy beyond the state PART II EXPLANATIONS OF GLOBAL AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS 3. Democracy’s independent effects: from domestic to international theory 4. Democracy’s complex effects: subsuming international theories PART III EMPIRICAL TESTS AND APPLICATIONS 5. Global conflict and human survival 6. Rising powers and foreign policy strategies 7. Human rights and environmental protection 8. Migration, redistribution and enlargement 9. Political influence in global governance 10. Reaction speed in global crisis management PART IV SYNERGIES AND IMPLICATIONS 11. Democratism as a paradigm in IR: structures, subjects, processes 12. Democratism beyond IR paradigms: new wars, inner conflicts, post-humans Conclusion: democratism, politics and science References Index

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Book SynopsisInnovative in its approach, Rethinking Public Choice reviews the concept of public choice since the 1950s post-war period and the application of economics to political practices and institutions, as well as its evolution in recent years attracting contributions from political science and philosophy. Examining the growing variety of theoretical orientations on the topic, such as entangled political economy and additive political economy, the book provides new analytical insights into combining the old and new to establish a more unified political economy. Richard E. Wagner expertly highlights the key issues an entangled economy can bring, including incomplete information and its constant evolution as it reflects ever changing public choice ideas. Wagner seeks to extend the reach of public choice by distinguishing the formal idea of rationality that has dominated public choice from the immensely varied practice of human action that opens up now directions for public choice. This insightful approach will prove an excellent resource for academics and scholars of economics and political science, as well as those within the field of public administration as it offers an excellent blend of all subjects.Trade Review‘Richard Wagner adds insight to public choice theory by depicting the complex relationships among political and economic actors that social scientists often overlook. Wagner’s approach to public choice will lead readers to a more realistic and complete understanding of the nature of political processes.’ -- Randall Holcombe, Florida State University, US‘Rethinking Public Choice is an elegantly written book of thoughtful and deep insights that present a powerful vision of economics as a social science. Wagner's modern framework of entangled political economy unifies public choice theory, constitutional economics, political economy and evolutionary economics. This is the perfect companion for students of public choice.’ -- Jason Potts, RMIT University, Australia‘Critics of Public Choice often attack absurdly simplified, “straw man” versions of the approach. Wagner offers an important and timely corrective, giving the intellectual (and, importantly, MORAL) foundations of public choice and its offspring, “entangled” political economy. This fascinating book is an essential overview of where public choice came from, and where it might go next.’ -- Michael Munger, Duke University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Public choice as the economics of politics: its post-war origin 2. Rational action, human association, and the primacy of the social in human affairs 3. Thinking with models: an inescapable conundrum 4. Concepts and categories: how they influence where we look and what we see 5. Simple stipulation vs. complex emergence as modes of inquiry 6. Parasitical tectonics within entangled systems of political economy 7. The peculiar language of the public policy shell game 8. The multiple faces of federal government 9. Bureaucracy and the economic organization of political enterprise 10. What do central banks do within an entangled system of political economy? 11. Public choice, redistribution, and the relevance of the “Social Question” today 12. Eden, Babel, and some dialectics of constituting social order References Index

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Book SynopsisProviding practical, concrete teaching strategies alongside relevant methodology and scholarship, this book offers a pedagogical approach for centering students' democratic citizenship and political engagement in American government courses.Teaching American Government and Politics proposes a radically different orientation to teaching in this field, moving away from the dominant focus on political knowledge and turning towards an understanding of what students as political citizens should be able to do. A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman introduce five citizenship competencies for successful political engagement, providing constructive teaching strategies for each. These include the skills to navigate and hold institutions accountable (institutional competency); the propensity to act strategically with different political tools (participatory competency); the willingness to talk to others about politics (deliberative competency); the confidence to discern the trustworthiness of political information and to use media responsibly (informational competency); and the ability to recognize the affective dimensions of politics and to take care of one's own emotional health as a citizen (emotional competency).Pairing teaching scholarship with practical tools and guidance, this book will be invaluable for instructors of American government courses, alongside broader courses on politics and government, democracy studies, and governance and the political process. Political scientists whose research interests include the scholarship of teaching will also find this book highly informative.Trade Review‘Mathews-Schultz and Sweet-Cushman offer a refreshing take on the seminal introductory course in American politics and government that serves as a gateway to the discipline at many institutions. Reacting to a widely-felt but not always widely acknowledged frustration with the practical limitations of the traditional, knowledge-oriented approach to the course, Teaching American Government and Politics serves as an effective guide for cultivating students’ capacity for civic action now, instead of merely (and only potentially) in the future.’ -- Eric D. Loepp, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, US‘This book will be an important resource for faculty. All-too-often, students are unable to use the knowledge they gain in US politics courses to engage effectively in the political process. The attention to civic skills and motivations that this book provides is an important corrective – one that is required if we are to strengthen representative democracy and citizen engagement in the United States.’ -- Elizabeth A. Bennion, Indiana University South Bend, USTable of ContentsContents Preface ix 1 Teaching American government and politics for the 21st century A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman 2 Where does change happen? A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman 3 What are the best tools for change? A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman 4 How can we talk to others? A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman 5 When can we trust political information? A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman with Jennifer Jarson 6 Why does it matter? A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman 7 Teaching American politics to unconventional students in unconventional times A. Lanethea Mathews-Schultz and Jennie Sweet-Cushman Appendix: flipped classroom introduction to American government syllabus template References

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Book SynopsisDespite the recent wealth of literature on national populism, research has often overlooked one crucial aspect: the border. This innovative book bridges these key concepts, providing a new theoretical conceptualisation of the interplay between populism, nationalism and territorial borders.In this book, borders are not considered as mere institutional boundaries between nation states; on the contrary, the authors adopt a multi-dimensional view of borders as narratives, issues and territorial spaces of mobilisation. Reconsidering the contemporary politicisation of borders in Western Europe, the authors investigate how national populism deals with territorial borders and the various meanings they embody. Empirical case studies focusing on the Swiss borderlands explore parties’ programmes and discourses, representatives’ attitudes, as well as public opinion and voting behaviour, offering key insights into how political actors and citizens react to trends such as growing transnational flows, globalisation and European integration. This timely book, based on original party sources and surveys, will be an essential resource for students and scholars of political science, political sociology, border studies, European integration, Euroscepticism and Swiss politics. Its context-oriented analysis will also prove beneficial to practitioners and representatives involved in cross-border cooperation.Trade Review‘This book investigates instrumentalisation of borders by national-populist parties from different interdisciplinary perspectives while focusing on a single case study, i.e. Switzerland during the COVID-19 crisis. The theoretical approach which distinguishes between borders as issues, narratives and territorial spaces of mobilisation is innovative and should be applied to other contested regions and crises. A must-read for everybody who would like to understand the intricacies of globalised border- and body politics.’ -- Ruth Wodak, Lancaster University, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction: national populism and the politicisation of borders in a changing Europe 1 Oscar Mazzoleni PART I NATIONAL POPULISTS’ CONSTRUCTION OF BORDERS 2 The politicisation of borders in national-populist discourse: Geneva and Ticino during the COVID-19 pandemic 17 Cecilia Biancalana and Grégoire Yerly 3 Convergence without conflict? Trans-border national-populist strategies in multi-scalar spaces of mobilisation 37 Cecilia Biancalana and Oscar Mazzoleni 4 Framing the people and the elites: two models of national-populist border politicisation. The case of the Geneva and Basel cross-border regions 55 Grégoire Yerly 5 Do bordering preferences affect the populist attitudes of citizens? 78 Laurent Bernhard PART II BORDERS AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 6 What drives elite opinions on European integration? Examining the territorial dimension 96 Lukas Lauener and Laurent Bernhard 7 Breaking down public opinion on European integration: the role of national borders 119 Lukas Lauener 8 Direct democracy, border residence and Euroscepticism: evidence from a proposition to terminate the free movement of persons between Switzerland and the European Union 143 Laurent Bernhard and Lukas Lauener PART III CITIZENS’ ATTITUDES IN CROSS-BORDER SPACES OF MOBILISATION 9 Cross-border relations and national-populist politicisation: a citizen perspective 166 Andrea Pilotti and Oscar Mazzoleni 10 Between economy and constituency: ambivalent attitudes towards cross-border workers 193 Oscar Mazzoleni and Andrea Pilotti 11 Not really a “left-behind” place: national-populist re-bordering in a rich but declining periphery 210 Oscar Mazzoleni and Andrea Pilotti 12 Conclusions: multi-scalar national populism and border politicisation 229 Cecilia Biancalana and Oscar Mazzoleni Index

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Book SynopsisHow can we interpret and respond to the rise of populist regimes that infringe on human rights? This incisive book analyses illiberal, repressive, and patriarchal logics of rule, identifying critical catalysts in the meteoric growth of populist agendas. Contributors scrutinise the records of authoritarian and nationalist leaders in Brazil, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Turkey and the United States. This topical book treats populism as a multi-faceted, performative phenomenon that claims to improve social rights while suppressing civil liberties and substitutes the promise of cultural citizenship for the loss of self-determination in a turbulent era of globalization. The chapters bring attention to understudied dimensions of populism including gender dynamics, bureaucratic politics, and the co-construction of foreign policy. Going beyond normative appeals to human rights, this innovative book urges advocates to contest populism at the national, social, and ideological levels in novel ways.Interweaving historical, political, comparative, statistical and discursive analysis, this interdisciplinary book will be vital to students and scholars of human rights, comparative politics, democracy, sociology and international studies. It will also prove invaluable to policymakers looking to address future populist regimes.Trade Review‘This edited volume provides an often terrifying account of how the rise of far-right populism is quickly eroding the international human rights regime that was painstakingly built in the last century. Across regions and regimes, Brysk and the contributors put current human rights abuses in context and provide us with research-informed insights to help protect and preserve human rights in this new environment, where advocacy backlash seems to appear around every corner. A must read for students and scholars of human rights, democratic backsliding, and social movements.’ -- Amanda Murdie, University of Georgia, US‘This collection offers not only an overarching theoretical framework for analyzing populism, but also a richly detailed set of case studies that vividly illustrate why populism has burgeoned, the risks it poses, and what can be done in response to “rebuild the indivisibility of rights in a post-liberal world.” An urgently needed contribution.’ -- Shareen Hertel, University of Connecticut, US'Alison Brysk has assembled an excellent group of scholars to discuss populism, a key issue of our times, from a human rights perspective in Europe and key countries (the US, India, Turkey, the Philippines, Mexico, Brazil). The book offers a fresh perspective and is unfailingly thought-provoking.' -- Gerardo Munck, University of Southern California, USTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction: populism and the politics of human rights 1 Alison Brysk 2 Nationalism and conservative populism in the CEE bloc: a political economy and historical institutional approach 12 Oldrich Krpec and Carol Wise 3 When do opponents of LGBT human rights mobilize in Europe? Explaining political participation in times of populism 44 Phillip M. Ayoub and Douglas Page 4 Mexico: populism versus feminism 68 Kathleen Bruhn 5 “Local and national”: the rise of populism and foreign policy as a two-dimensional process in Turkey 87 Şevin Gülfer Sağnıç 6 Democratic backsliding and threats to human rights in Duterte’s Philippines 105 Sharmila Parmanand 7 Administrative backsliding in India 126 Satyajit Singh 8 Gendering populism: the rise of right-wing populism and anti-gender politics in Brazil 148 Vitória Moreira 9 Human rights under American populism 166 Gershon Shafir Index 191

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Book SynopsisThis thought-provoking book investigates the increasingly important subject of constitutional idolatry and its effects on democracy. Focused around whether the UK should draft a single written constitution, it suggests that constitutions have been drastically and persistently over-sold throughout the years, and that their wider importance and effects are not nearly as significant as constitutional advocates maintain.Analysing a number of issues in relation to constitutional performance, including whether these documents can educate the citizenry, invigorate voter turnout, or deliver ‘We the People’ sovereignty, the author finds written constitutions consistently failing to meet expectations. This innovative book also examines how constitutional idolatry may frustrate and distort constitutional change, and can lead to strong forms of constitutional paternalism emerging within the state. Ultimately, the book argues that idolising written constitutions is a hollow endeavour that will fail to produce better democratic outcomes or help solve increasingly complicated societal problems.Engaging and accessible, Constitutional Idolatry and Democracy will be a key resource for both new and established scholars interested in comparative constitutional law, constitutional theory, law and democracy and written vs. unwritten constitutions.Trade Review‘It is a thought-provoking book, and contains a huge array of ideas, information and literature, some of it slightly out of the way. The author argues his case powerfully, often convincingly, and commendably concisely. . . every public lawyer and student of public law would benefit from reading it to test their assumptions.’ -- David Feldman, Law Quarterly Review‘This is an important and timely intervention.’ -- Tanzil Chowdhury, Public Law‘The distinctive value in Jones’s contribution here is the breadth and depth with which he engages with and analyzes one of the core (but often overlooked) distinctions in constitutional theory.’ -- Edward Willis, I•CON‘What Jones does in this book is to make a bold statement: written constitutions have become idols, and the time is past due for us to put aside the false faith that they are the saviours of society.’ -- Renato Saeger M Costa, University of Queensland Law Journal‘Jones systematically asks the sceptical questions that must be asked in any serious conversation about constitutional codification.’ -- Asanga Welikala, JOTWELL‘Constitutional Idolatry and Democracy is a thought-provoking and timely work that presents its case in an accessible manner.’ -- James R Zink, Governance‘I can’t imagine a better book to discuss in a seminar, whether of students or senior academics.’ -- Sanford Levinson, IACL-AIDC blog'This is a timely intervention in the debates over the necessity, sufficiency and desirability of written constitutions and one which speaks directly to both United States and United Kingdom audiences.' --Janet McLean, University of Auckland, New Zealand'This powerful book explores the limits of written constitutions and the ways in which we idolise them. Jones develops an impressive critique of dominant constitutional thinking, assessing the broader impact of written constitutions on our democracy, our politics and our citizens. The book offers an important challenge to those who assume a written constitution is the best way to reform the UK's political system, and clearly reveals the risks of overstating what written constitutionalism can achieve.' --Michael Gordon, University of Liverpool, UK'In this wide-ranging, innovative, and truly excellent study of constitutional forms, Brian Christopher Jones challenges the conventional wisdom that codified constitutions hold decisive advantages over uncodified ones. From one chapter to the next, Jones takes readers on a voyage around the world, drawing from his rich repository of deep comparative insights to identify, elaborate, and theorize the dangerous consequences of constitutional idolatry that inhere in master-text constitutions. From now on, no defense of constitutional codification will ever be complete without confronting the compelling arguments in this important work.' -- Richard Albert, The University of Texas at Austin, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. What is constitutional idolatry? 2. Venerating a text: some positive aspects of constitutional idolatry 3. Educating the citizenry? 4. The reality of ‘We the People’ constitutional claims 5. Invigorating democracies? 6. A ‘good’ constitution is essential to state survival 7. Constitutional paternalism: the rise and problematic use of constitutional guardian rhetoric 8. Idolatry and constitutional change 9. Constitutional idolatry and democracy: a preliminary conclusion Index

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Just 25 years ago, Europe was engaged in a process of democratization and integration. The EU, with an expanded number of member-states, became a symbol of a democratic, peaceful and prosperous Union. However, recent years have seen the reversal of democratization in many of the countries that went through political transition in the 1990s. Even in established democracies, growing authoritarian tendencies have been apparent in the rise of populism and political polarisation and questions over the rule of law. Focusing on threats to Swedish liberal democracy in a time of autocratization to explore wider crises democracy is currently facing around the globe, Problems in Paradise? explores eight interactive sub-societies crucial for a dynamic and persistent liberal democracy: the political, the judicial, the bureaucratic, the economic, the educational, the media, the civil, and the international. Fully embracing the wide range of challenges liberal democracy has faced in recent years, this book offers a deepened understanding of contemporary changes and challenges to liberal democracy.

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Book SynopsisThe Handbook on Democracy and Security offers an insightful new interpretation of the topic that reframes the contemporary challenge of democracy away from competing ideologies or external existential threats, and centres on the security of democracy in the minds and lived experience of its citizens. With a global focus, it provides a cutting edge understanding of contemporary developments in democratic breakdown, investigating the role of new media, social media and the Internet. Expert contributors explore how democracy is affected by the resurgence of populism, terrorism and migration alongside the decline of independent mass media and associated conspiracy theories. The Handbook further argues that the security of government by the people is best understood through the security of people and examines the analysis of democratic security. Providing a diverse range of perspectives on how democratic breakdown occurs, this Handbook will be an excellent read for political scientists interested in human security and the effect of social media on democracy. Policymakers interested in policy prescriptions and stabilizing democratic backsliding will also find this an illuminating and informative resource.Trade Review‘This Handbook on Democracy and Security provides a fascinating analysis of the predominant causes of democratic erosion facing the world today. The book's contributors define and bound new threats – such as the double-edged sword of “militant democracy” – as well as reexamine long-standing threats – such as the triumphs and pitfalls of democracy assistance. Part IV of the book, in particular, offers keen insights regarding how online media both bolster and undermine democracy. This Handbook should be required reading for any democratization student, scholar or practitioner.’ -- Brigitte Seim, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, US‘In light of the current “third wave” of autocratization worldwide, understanding the factors that sustain democracy is more critical than ever. This volume makes a valuable contribution to that understanding by exploring this at a micro level, focusing on the human factors and security of individual citizens that undergird democratic institutions. It is an extremely timely and very important work.’ -- Staffan I. Lindberg, University of Gothenburg, SwedenTable of ContentsContents: Introduction to the Handbook on Democracy and Security xi Nicholas A. Seltzer and Steven Lloyd Wilson PART I POLITICS NOT AS USUAL 1 Democratic Whack-a-Mole: the implications of militant democracy 2 Mika Hackner 2 Does globalization hurt liberal democracy? An application of saliency theory to the globalization–democracy nexus 16 Nataliia Kasianenko 3 The regional adoption of elite rejection and populism 31 Keely Eshenbaugh 4 The impacts of water scarcity on the security of democracies 45 Elizabeth A. Koebele and Karen Simpson PART II COMPARATIVE POLITICS 5 International threat and democratic breakdown in new democracies 65 Michael Masterson 6 Democracy assistance by international organizations 84 Inken von Borzyskowski and Mert Kartal 7 Democracy promotion and democracy assistance: approaches from the north and alternatives from the south 112 Luiza Rodrigues Mateo 8 Authoritarian media abroad: the case of Russia and RT News 126 Megan MacDuffee Metzger PART III COMPLEXITY AND CHANGE IN THE ELECTORATE 9 The parliamentarian democracy and its digital enemies: how democracy is facing three challenges from digitalisation 142 Volker Boehme-Neßler 10 Hyper-polarization and the security of democracy 165 Jennifer McCoy 11 Attitudes towards immigrants and refugees in Europe 188 Constanza Sanhueza Petrarca and Sandra Horvath 12 Why do populists flip-flop on soldiers? The drug war’s civil–military commitment problem 211 Ned Littlefield, Omar O. Dumdum and Oliver Lang PART IV EVOLVING MEDIA AND INFORMATION-SCAPES 13 Broken-windows journalism: a rationale for democratic repair and media reform 231 Michael McDevitt 14 The rise of cable news 251 Dimitri Kelly 15 Internet policy in South Korea: liberal imperialism and paradox 270 Julia Eggleston and Steven Lloyd Wilson 16 Conspiracy thinking 289 April A. Johnson PART V UNCONVENTIONAL PERSPECTIVES 17 Democracy and health 310 Robert L. Ostergard, Jr. 18 Leadership, democracy, and security in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from the Republic of Uganda 329 Jeffrey A. Griffin 19 Terrorism and threats to democracy 344 Susanne Martin Index 360

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Book SynopsisHow can we create and sustain an America that never was, but should be? How can we build a truly multiracial democracy in which everyone is valued and possesses the needed political, economic and social capital so that democracy becomes a meaningful way of life, for all citizens? By critically probing these questions, the editors of Community Wealth Building and the Reconstruction of American Democracy seize the opportunity to bridge the gap between our democratic aspirations and our current reality. In a moment of democratic disappointment and anxiety, politicians, policy officials, scholars and citizens desire an effective response. This book assembles new voices and novel perspectives that offer a compelling vision for democracy and the prospects and possibilities afforded by community wealth building, an emerging policy paradigm focused on community-based, creative solutions to systemic problems. The contributors explore how, by cultivating the capacities of citizens, American democracy can be revived - indeed, created - as a veritable practice of everyday life. Scholars of democracy in political science, history, sociology, public policy, economics, African-American studies and related topics as well as policy practitioners, journalists and students will appreciate the cutting-edge work by leading scholars and the contributions from impactful practitioners from the White House to City Halls, in this discussion of the challenges facing contemporary American democracy and the prospects for reform and change.Table of ContentsContents: PART I COMMUNITY WEALTH BUILDING AND THE PROMISE OF DEMOCRATIC RECONSTRUCTION 1 Introduction: can we make American democracy work? 3 Melody C. Barnes, Corey D.B. Walker and Thad M. Williamson 2 Becoming the American community we should be—but have never been 11 Melody C. Barnes and Thad M. Williamson PART II RACIAL JUSTICE AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 3 Repairing American democracy? 39 Lawrie Balfour 4 Paidea , politics, and the people: deep democracy and the new urban commons 58 Corey D.B. Walker PART III POLITICAL ECONOMY AND COMMUNITY WEALTH BUILDING 5 Capitalism and the future of democracy 78 Isabel Sawhill 6 Community wealth building: lessons from Italy 102 Margaret Kohn 7 A place to call home? Property, freedom, and the commonwealth 117 Richard Dagger PART IV THE POLITICS OF DEMOCRATIC REFORM 8 Achieving accountability—or not—in contemporary times 132 Kenneth P. Ruscio 9 Ranking ballots and policy juries: institutional reforms in America 147 Jason S. Maloy 10 Gendered (and racialized) partisan polarization 161 Nicholas J.G. Winter 11 “Many new barriers”: democracy and resistance to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 181 Julian Maxwell Hayter PART V TOWARD A PRACTICAL POLITICS OF COMMUNITY WEALTH BUILDING 12 Targeted universalism in urban communities: racial discourse and policy rhetoric as harmony 198 Ravi K. Perry 13 Identifying structural racism as a barrier to community wealth building 220 Risha R. Berry 14 The university as anchor institution in community wealth building: snapshots from two Virginia universities 244 Barbara Brown Wilson and Meghan Z. Gough 15 Conclusion: the promise of 21st-century democratic renewal 259 Corey D.B. Walker and Thad M. Williamson Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book proposes a new institutional arrangement for government to fulfil the needs of its citizens as well as possible. Existing aspects of federalism and direct democracy in Europe are strengthened, and as a result future developments arising in the region are coped with better.In this book Bruno Frey and Reiner Eichenberger propose a new model of federalism which includes new types of governmental units established by citizens from below. These units are called functional, overlapping and competing jurisdictions as they extend over task-specific areas and therefore overlap. They also provide competitive governance via direct and representative democratic institutions, and as jurisdictions they have independent power over taxation policy. This new model is more responsive to citizens' preferences and adjusts more dynamically to provide public services efficiently. The authors suggest that this new system should be allowed to develop in Europe to safeguard diversity and ensure that decentralization emerges effectively. It would also allow for the flexible integration of East European transition economies into the European Union and may also combine with traditional modes of government in developing countries.This book will be warmly welcomed by economists, political scientists and sociologists interested in the future of the European Union, by all those studying federal systems of government, and by those interested in the prospects for improving democratic institutions throughout the world.Trade Review'. . . this is a stimulating pioneer work. They should extend it and the rest of us should act as missionaries.' -- Gordon Tullock, Public Choice'. . . the authors not only provide an implicit discussion of the problems of the nation-state, but they also outline an alternative, with a defence of why and how it would work effectively. . . the book provokes thought and debate. It is a welcome creative addition to an already rich literature.' -- Journal of International Law and PoliticsTable of ContentsContents: Part I: The Idea 1. Functional, Overlapping and Competing Jurisdictions (FOCJ) 2. The Advantages of FOCJ 3. FOCJ Implemented 4. FOCJ Compared 5. Bastard FOCJ Part II: FOCJ for Europe 6. Federalism in Today’s Europe 7. FOCJ in Europe Part III: Beyond Europe 8. Europe and the World 9. FOCJ and Developing Countries 10. Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThe euphoria evidenced in the aftermath of the collapse of communist regimes in the late 1980s and early 1990s sometimes conveyed the impression that the process of democratization would be achieved without difficulty or tribulation. This book sets out to provide a thorough comparative analysis of the challenges which face the emerging democracies of Central and Eastern Europe and considers the impact of political change. Drawing heavily on available survey data, the book provides an in-depth account of how the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe have coped with four major challenges: political fragmentation, nationalism, lack of respect for human rights, and poorly developed civil service systems. The book demonstrates that although the first few years of the 1990s were marked by increasing disenchantment with the new regimes, the change of governments as a direct result of the electoral process and the prospects for European integration have served to reverse this negative trend. Indeed, the authors find that the new political systems have managed to cope with the challenges so effectively that striking similarities with Western democracies are now apparent.Offering new insights into democratic transition, Challenges to Democracy will appeal to political scientists, diplomats and policymakers, and economists with an interest in European and comparative politics.Trade Review'The book is written in a systematic, clear and accessible style and provides an excellent introduction to the state of democracy in contemporary postsocialist Europe. . . . Recommended for undergraduate, graduate, research, and faculty collections.' -- P. Rutland, ChoiceTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Consolidation of Democracy 3. Societal Fragmentation and Post-Communist Party Politics 4. Democratization and Nationalism 5. The Challenge of Human Rights 6. Civil Society 7. Changing Perspectives on Political Challenges Index

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Book SynopsisEconomic Institutions and Democratic Reformrigorously and systematically explores the political effects and consequences of economic reform in more than 20 post-communist countries. By using primary quantitative data and stringent statistical analyses, Ole Norgaard demonstrates that there is no universally applicable economic reform strategy and that popular democracy is often the foundation of a successful economy, rather than a powerful executive or president, as is popularly asserted. The book also shows that generalised models are not productive when studying the complexity of post-communist transformation. The author argues that the danger to democracy comes from the alienation of citizens and the collapse of public service and education systems instigated by individuals who, with few democratic credentials, capture the political playing field. These leaders have often been encouraged by Western governments who believe democracy can only be imposed on reluctant societies by newborn capitalist elites. This book will be essential and challenging reading for political scientists and economists as well as policymakers in NGOs, such as aid agencies and the institutions of the EU.Trade Review'The excellent series Economies and Societies in Transition continues with a major contribution to the analysis of dramatic transformations taking place in the latest decade, in post-communist countries, that of Ole Norgaard. . . From a theoretical perspective, Ole Norgaard's book is a major contribution to development of transitology in general, of post-communist one, in particular. From a pragmatic perspective, it is an essential and challenging lecture for political scientists and politicians, economists, sociologists, civic actors, public servants and officials from international institutions. If all those involved in the battle for democracy will read this book, the democracy will be less threatened. Through his study, Ole Norgaard is a great defender of democracy.' -- Doina Catana, Journal for East European Management StudiesTable of ContentsContents: 1. Emerging Democracies and the Market 2. Finding the Building Blocks and Draft Designs 3. The Research Agenda: Old Ideas in New Bottles 4. Institutional Strategies and their Outcomes 5. Context or Institutional Strategies: The Role of First Order Initial Conditions 6. Transcending the Structural Constraints of Socialism 7. Agents of Institutional Change 8. Emerging Markets – and Democracy A Note on Data References Index

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Book SynopsisThe design of an electoral system is fundamental to any democracy. It is through electoral systems that the commitment of a society to a political system is achieved. The peculiarities of an electoral system assume significant importance in periods in which democratic polities seem caught between a crisis of confidence in their representative systems and mass apathy over the product of government - as has recently occurred in Italy.Electoral rules constrain available choice alternatives and therefore have profound effects on governance of a country since different electoral rules generate different outcome patterns even with no change in the identity of candidates. The two most common electoral schemes are proportional representation and plurality. The theoretical debate concerning these two systems is of intense interest not least because of the importance of finding a stable, democratic and representative institutional structure that can be employed worldwide. This topical book analyses the change of electoral rules in Italy from proportional representation toward plurality. While Italy is used as the illustrative case, the analysis has far-ranging theoretical and practical implications, and will therefore be of interest to academics and researchers of political economy, constitutionalism and public choice.Trade Review'The book reaches well beyond an evaluation of the immediate public choice consequences of operating under alternative voting rules. . . . This book offers insights into the dynamics of electoral reform and the political consequences of such reform that should fascinate all serious students of public choice and political science.' -- From the foreword by Charles K. Rowley, The Locke Institute and George Mason University, USTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Charles K. Rowley Part I: Introduction 1. Overview 2. A History of the Italian Political System – 1913 to the Present Part II: Economics and Elections: The Key Tools 3. The Economics of Elections – A Review of the Literature 4. Electoral Systems, Electoral Formulae and Italian Electoral Rules Part III: Choices Between Rules 5. Information and Voting in Municipal Elections 6. Information, Proportionality and Power Dilution in Provisional Elections Part IV: Choices Subject to Rules 7. Party Electoral Strategies under the New Rules 8. Political Coalition Formation under the New Rules Part V: Rules, Choice and Strategy 9. Election Simulation and the Nature of Constitutional Choices 10. Summary and Evaluation Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe implementation of a democratic order embedded in a market economy environment has proved immensely difficult. Furthermore, this process is subject to tremendous variety within Central and Eastern Europe. Ten years after the collapse of communism it was apparent that only Poland and Slovenia surpassed their 1989 levels of GDP. This book scrutinises the arrangements to enforce good governance in this area both by means of external help and domestic political leadership.From the popular assumption that transformation is a collective good, it follows that the problem of free-riding has to be faced. Consequently there is a danger that transformation may never be completed. This book empirically tests the relationship between economic performance and good governance focusing upon voluntary coercion as a means to prevent free-riding behaviour. The author examines the role of international organisations and discusses elite formation as an important element of good governance - something often ignored in the economic analysis of economic performance.Scholars and researchers of political and economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe as well as those from the fields of political economy, international relations and political science will find this book enlightening.Trade Review'Undeniably Good Governance in Central and Eastern Europe provides many insights in the political economy of institutional reform and constitutes an important contribution to the growing literature on "second-generation" reforms.' -- Carlos Santiso, DemocratizationTable of ContentsContents: 1. Taking Stock on Transformation: Market Reform and Democratisation in Central and Eastern Europe 2. Good Governance and the First Decade of Transition: An Overview 3. Recovery and Growth in Transition Economies, 1990–97: A Stylised Regression Analysis 4. Governance, Conditionality and Transformation in Post-socialist Countries 5. International Finance Institutions and Conditionality in Eastern Europe 6. Transformation in the Czech and Slovak Republics: Elite Receptions and Responses 7. 1+1=? The Post-unification East German Elite: Analytical Caveats Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn one of the first attempts to link the expanding field of leadership studies with classic works in political theory, Kenneth Ruscio places the study of political leadership squarely within the field of democratic thought and argues that claims about the legitimate duties and responsibilities of leaders depend upon claims about principles of democracy.It is impossible to imagine effective democracies without effective leaders. Yet leaders are often seen as the problem democratic governance is designed to solve, not the solution. Through a careful but lively critique of some of the classic works in modern democratic thought - from Machiavelli to Locke and from The Federalist Papers to Rawls - The Leadership Dilemma in Modern Democracy explains what is meant by effective political leadership in a system and culture of government where the power and discretion of leaders are severely limited. A compelling and provocative study, this volume will be of interest to scholars of leadership studies, political scientists, democratic theorists, and all those interested in concepts of democracy and the challenges faced by leaders.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction: The Dilemma of Leadership and Democracy 1. Why Democratic Theory is Essential for Leadership Theory 2. The Road to Public Reason 3. Locke’s Prerogative, Jay’s Pirouette: Why Trust Still Matters in Contemporary Democratic Leadership 4. On Disney, Presidents, and the Problem of the Parts and the Whole 5. Public and Private Interest: The Development of an Idea 6. Madison’s Fears and Aspirations 7. The ‘Parts and the Whole’ in Contemporary Times 8. Conclusion: Is Good Politics Bad Leadership? Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis distinguished collection of Dennis Mueller's papers discusses the economic challenges faced as a result of events in the latter third of the twentieth century; the formation of the European Union, the collapse of Communism in East Europe, and the deregulation and privatization movement that spread from North America to Europe and then across the rest of the world. The book explores the design of political institutions and the functioning of economies, and goes on to prescribe the types of fiscal and competition policies that are required as we enter the twenty-first century, posing questions such as: What should a new democracy's constitution comprise? Should the European Union be organized as a federal system? What should a global competition policy consist of? Academics specializing in public choice theory, political economy, and industrial organization will warmly welcome this outstanding volume, as will those with an interest in globalization and the European Union.Trade Review'Mueller is, of course, a prominent public choice scholar, indeed he is a past president of the Public Choice Society. He is also, however, an expert on antitrust law and its economic implications. Both of these areas are covered in the book and in both areas he makes a significant contribution. Some of these articles have been published before, but sometimes in major journals and sometimes in highly specialized journals. In my case, I had read the articles in the main journals before but they well repaid rereading. The articles published in the specialized journals were new to me as were of course the articles which had never been published before. Altogether, it is a major contribution to both public choice and antitrust economics. Living as he does in Europe but with a strong American background, professor Mueller is particularly interested in the current expansion of the Common Market. His ability to apply both the economics of antitrust and the economics of public choice to this area, means that his contribution is significant. I can honestly recommend the book to not only people in those two fields, but to the general scholar who is interested in developments in Europe in general. I learned a good deal from reading it and I'm sure that other readers will do the same.' -- Gordon Tullock, George Mason University, US'Dennis Mueller has a profound understanding of the rules by which the market and the government are organized. An American by education and a European by choice, he is especially qualified to evaluate the proposed EU constitution. Anyone who has an opportunity to advise or comment on this proposed constitution would increase the prospects for a more perfect European Union by understanding the Mueller articles on constitutional processes in this volume.' -- William Niskanen, The Cato Institute, US'Dennis Mueller's Capitalism and Democracy is an outstanding addition to Elgar's Economists of the Twentieth Century series. Over a distinguished and remarkably productive scholarly career, Professor Mueller has made major contributions to the literatures of industrial organization, public choice and constitutional economics. Collected herein is a vital sample of his recent work, comprising journal articles and book chapters published since 1996, along with two previously unpublished papers, in which Mueller brings his deep learning and analytical talents to bear on some of the critical challenges confronted by political and economic institutions in an increasingly interdependent new world order. Ranging widely across the United States, Asia and Europe, Mueller explores, in rational-choice perspective, how the relationships between the individual and the state are now being shaped, for good or ill, by national and international responses to the opportunities opened by the collapse of communism and to the limits imposed by emergent global integration, paying special attention to the implications of these events for centralized versus federal government structures, tax policy and competition policy. Capitalism and Democracy is a capstone volume of enormous value to economists, political scientists and, not least, the members of the body engaged in writing a new constitution for the European Union.' -- William F. Shughart II, University of Mississippi, US'In this collection of papers, a noted public choice scholar applies his insights and wisdom to the important changes in political and economic organization that have taken place across the world over the last third of the twentieth century. I know of no better source of intelligent discussion of these issues and their implications for the future. Dennis Mueller has done us all a favor by putting this work under one cover.' -- Robert D. Tollison, Clemson University, USTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: Challenges Part II: Constitutional Processes Part III: Tax and Subsidy Responses Part IV: Competition Policy Responses Index

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Book SynopsisJudge Baltasar Garzon achieved international prestige in 1998 when he pursued the perpetrators of crimes committed in Argentina against Spanish citizens and began proceedings for the arrest of the Chilean ex-dictator Augusto Pinochet. But when he transferred his attention to his Spanish homeland he was put on trial for opening an investigation into crimes committed by Francoists. As result he now (February 2012) finds himself on the point of being expelled from the judiciary. The Garzon case is neither so absurd nor so difficult to understand if the record of the Spanish judiciary is examined through the prism of a series of representative cases since the transition to democracy. Key is the way the judiciary has dealt with those who have investigated cases of people murdered by the military rebels from July 1936 onwards. This book relates thirteen judicial cases that took place between 1981 and 2012. They range from the banning of the documentary film Rocio by Fernando Ruiz Vergara, because it named the person responsible for one of the massacres in southwest Spain, to the recent trial of Judge Garzon. The judicial outcome in each case reflected the prejudices and ideology of the judge in charge. The Francoist repression still constitutes a dead weight in Spanish politics as heavy as the gravestone that covers the remains of the dictator in the Valle de los Caidos. The nature of the transition from autocracy to democracy has made it difficult to overcome a black past that not even the post-Franco democratic governments -- Rodriguez Zapatero's "memory" policy included -- have dared confront. The potential defrocking of Judge Garzon puts the Spanish polity/judiciary back in the realm of Franco's end-of-year message on December 30, 1969, with what became the nautical catch-phrase of his twilight years, "all is lashed down and well lashed down" (todo ha quedado atado, y bien atado).Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Disequilibrium of German Identity; An Overview of Holocaust Studies & Its Causes; The Roots: Anti-Semitism or German Theory of Race?; The First Apex: The Problematic Nature of the German National Identity; The Second Apex: Race Theory Re-examined; The Third Apex: German Jewry; The Fateful Triangle: Some Insights for the Future; A Changing Self-Image vis-a-vis the Holocaust; Post-War German Structure, Attitudes & Identity; Conclusion: The Force of Nationality in the Past & in the Future; Index.

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