Data encryption Books

Book SynopsisTrade Review"The editor, John Vacca, has pulled together contributions from a large number of experts into a massive tome that touches on pretty much every angle of security and privacy. ...it’s hard to think of anyone with any interest in infosecurity who wouldn’t get something out of it. This is the reference work you want on your bookshelf when you need to quickly get a grounding in some new aspect of security." --Network Security NewsletterTable of Contents1. Information Security in the Modern Enterprise 2. Building a Secure Organization 3. A Cryptography Primer 4. Verifying User and Host Identity 5. Detecting System Intrusions 6. Intrusion Detection in Contemporary Environments 7. Preventing System Intrusions 8. Guarding Against Network Intrusions 9. Fault Tolerance and Resilience in Cloud Computing Environments 10. Securing Web Applications, Services and Servers 11. Unix and Linux Security 12. Eliminating the Security Weakness of Linux and Unix Operating Systems 13. Internet Security 14. The Botnet Problem 15. Intranet Security 16. Wireless Network Security 17. Wireless Sensor Network Security 18. Security for the Internet of Things 19. Cellular Network Security 20. RFID Security 21. Information Security Essentials for IT Managers, Protecting Mission-Critical Systems 22. Security Management Systems 23. Policy-Driven System Management 24. Social Engineering Deceptions and Defenses 25. Ethical Hacking 26. What Is Vulnerability Assessment? 27. Security Education, Training, and Awareness 28. Risk Management 29. Insider Threats 30. Disaster Recovery 31. Disaster Recovery Plans for Small and Medium Business (SMB) 32. Security Certification And Standards Implementation 33. Security Policies And Plans Development 34. Cyber Forensics 35. Cyber Forensics and Incident Response 36. Securing eDiscovery 37. Microsoft Office and Metadata Forensics: A Deeper Dive 38. Hard Drive Imaging 39. Satellite Encryption 40. Public Key Infrastructure 41. Context-Aware Multi-Factor Authentication 42. Instant-Messaging Security 43. Online Privacy 44. Privacy-enhancing Technologies 45. Detection Of Conflicts In Security Policies 46. Supporting User Privacy Preferences in Digital Interactions 47. Privacy and Security in Environmental Monitoring Systems: Issues and Solutions 48. Virtual Private Networks 49. VoIP Security 50. Storage Area Networking Devices Security 51. Securing Cloud Computing Systems 52. Cloud Security 53. Private Cloud Security 54. Virtual Private Cloud Security 55. Protecting Virtual Infrastructure 56. SDN and NFV Security 57. Physical Security Essentials 58. Online Identity and User Management Services 59. Intrusion Prevention and Detection Systems 60. Penetration Testing 61. Access Controls 62. Endpoint Security 63. Fundamentals of Cryptography 64. Securing the Infrastructure 65. Cyber Warfare 66. Security Through Diversity 67. Online e-Reputation Management Services 68. Data Loss Protection 69. Satellite Cyber Attack Search and Destroy 70. Advanced Data Encryption Appendices (Online only)

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Book SynopsisHow to solve security issues and problems arising in distributed systems. Security is one of the leading concerns in developing dependable distributed systems of today, since the integration of different components in a distributed manner creates new security problems and issues. Service oriented architectures, the Web, grid computing and virtualization form the backbone of today's distributed systems. A lens to security issues in distributed systems is best provided via deeper exploration of security concerns and solutions in these technologies. Distributed Systems Security provides a holistic insight into current security issues, processes, and solutions, and maps out future directions in the context of today's distributed systems. This insight is elucidated by modeling of modern day distributed systems using a four-tier logical model host layer, infrastructure layer, application layer, and service layer (bottom to top). The authors provide an in-depth coverTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Distributed Systems. 1.3 Distributed Systems Security. 1.4 About the Book. Chapter 2: Security Engineering. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Secure Development Life Cycle Processes – An Overview. 2.3 A Typical Security Engineering Process. 2.4 Important Security Engineering Guidelines and Resources. 2.5 Conclusion. Chapter 3. Common Security Issues and Technologies. 3.1 Security Issues. 3.2 Common Security Techniques. 3.3 Summary. Chapter 4 – Host level Threats and Vulnerabilities. 4.1 Background. 4.2 Malware. 4.3 Eavesdropping. 4.4 Job faults. 4.5 Resource starvation. 4.6 Overflow. 4.7 Privilege escalation. 4.8 Injection attacks. 4.9 Conclusion. Chapter 5 – Infrastructure Level Threats & Vulnerabilities. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Network Level Threats and Vulnerabilities. 5.3 Grid Computing Threats and Vulnerabilities. 5.4 Storage Threats and Vulnerabilities. Chapter 6: Application Level Vulnerabilities and Attacks. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Application Layer Vulnerabilities. 6.3 Conclusion. Chapter 7 – Service Level Issues, Threats and Vulnerabilities. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 SOA and Role of Standards. 7.3 Service Level Security Requirements. 7.4 Service Level Threats and Vulnerabilities. 7.5 Service Level Attacks. 7.6 Services Threat Profile. 7.7 Conclusions. Chapter 8: Host level Solutions. 8.1 Background. 8.2 Sandboxing. 8.3 Virtualization. 8.4 Resource Management 8.5 Proof carrying code. 8.6 Memory firewall 8.7 Anti malware. 8.8 Conclusions. Chapter 9 – Infrastructure Level Solutions 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Network Level Solutions. 9.3 Grid Level Solutions. 9.4 Storage Level Solutions. Chapter 10: Application Level Solutions. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Application Level Security Solutions. 10.3 Conclusion. Chapter 11 – Service Level Solutions. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Services Security Policy. 11.3 SOA Security standards stack. 11.4 Standards in Depth. 11.5 Deployment Architectures for SOA Security. 11.6 Managing Service Level Threats. 11.7 Service Threat Solution Mapping. 11.8 XML Firewall Configuration-Threat Mapping. 11.9 Conclusions. Chapter 12 - Case Study – Compliance in Financial Services. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 SOX compliance. 12.3 SOX Security Solutions. 12.4 Multi-level policy driven solution architecture. 12.5 Conclusions. Chapter 13 – Case Study of Grid. 13.1 Background. 13.2 Financial Application. 13.3 Security Requirements Analysis. 13.4 Final Security Architecture. Chapter 14: Future directions and Conclusions. 14.1 Future directions. 14.2 Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisHands-on, practical guide to implementing SSL and TLS protocols for Internet security If you are a network professional who knows C programming, this practical book is for you. Focused on how to implement Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS), this book guides you through all necessary steps, whether or not you have a working knowledge of cryptography. The book covers SSLv2, TLS 1.0, and TLS 1.2, including implementations of the relevant cryptographic protocols, secure hashing, certificate parsing, certificate generation, and more. Coverage includes: Understanding Internet Security Protecting against Eavesdroppers with Symmetric Cryptography Secure Key Exchange over an Insecure Medium with Public Key Cryptography Authenticating Communications Using Digital Signatures Creating a Network of Trust Using X.509 Certificates A Usable, Secure Communications Protocol: Client-Side TLS Adding SerTable of ContentsIntroduction xxvii Chapter 1 Understanding Internet Security 1 What Are Secure Sockets? 2 “Insecure” Communications: Understanding the HTTP Protocol 4 Implementing an HTTP Client 5 Adding Support for HTTP Proxies 12 Reliable Transmission of Binary Data with Base64 Encoding 17 Implementing an HTTP Server 21 Roadmap for the Rest of This Book 27 Chapter 2 Protecting Against Eavesdroppers with Symmetric Cryptography 29 Understanding Block Cipher Cryptography Algorithms 30 Implementing the Data Encryption Standard (DES) Algorithm 31 DES Initial Permutation 34 DES Key Schedule 38 DES Expansion Function 40 DES Decryption 45 Padding and Chaining in Block Cipher Algorithms 46 Using the Triple-DES Encryption Algorithm to Increase Key Length 55 Faster Encryption with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm 60 AES Key Schedule Computation 60 AES Encryption 67 Other Block Cipher Algorithms 83 Understanding Stream Cipher Algorithms 83 Understanding and Implementing the RC4 Algorithm 84 Chapter 3 Converting a Block Cipher to a Stream Cipher: The OFB and COUNTER Block-Chaining Modes 90 Secure Key Exchange over an Insecure Medium with Public Key Cryptography 91 Understanding the Theory Behind the RSA Algorithm 92 Performing Arbitrary Precision Binary Math to Implement Public-Key Cryptography 93 Implementing Large-Number Addition 93 Implementing Large-Number Subtraction 98 Implementing Large-Number Multiplication 101 Implementing Large-Number Division 106 Comparing Large Numbers 109 Optimizing for Modulo Arithmetic 112 Using Modulus Operations to Efficiently Compute Discrete Logarithms in a Finite Field 113 Encryption and Decryption with RSA 114 Encrypting with RSA 115 Decrypting with RSA 119 Encrypting a Plaintext Message 120 Decrypting an RSA-Encrypted Message 124 Testing RSA Encryption and Decryption 126 Achieving Perfect Forward Secrecy with Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 130 Getting More Security per Key Bit: Elliptic Curve Cryptography 132 How Elliptic Curve Cryptography Relies on Modular Inversions 135 Using the Euclidean Algorithm to compute Greatest Common Denominators 135 Computing Modular Inversions with the Extended Euclidean Algorithm 137 Adding Negative Number Support to the Huge Number Library 138 Supporting Negative Remainders 147 Making ECC Work with Whole Integers: Elliptic-Curve Cryptography over Fp 150 Reimplementing Diffie-Hellman to Use ECC Primitives 150 Why Elliptic-Curve Cryptography? 154 Chapter 4 Authenticating Communications Using Digital Signatures 157 Using Message Digests to Create Secure Document Surrogates 158 Implementing the MD5 Digest Algorithm 159 Understanding MD 5 160 A Secure Hashing Example 161 Securely Hashing a Single Block of Data 166 MD5 Vulnerabilities 169 Increasing Collision Resistance with the SHA- 1 Digest Algorithm 171 Understanding SHA-1 Block Computation 171 Understanding the SHA-1 Input Processing Function 174 Understanding SHA-1 Finalization 176 Even More Collision Resistance with the SHA- 256 Digest Algorithm 180 Preventing Replay Attacks with the HMAC Keyed-Hash Algorithm 184 Implementing a Secure HMAC Algorithm 186 Completing the HMAC Operation 190 Creating Updateable Hash Functions 190 Defining a Digest Structure 191 Appending the Length to the Last Block 194 Computing the MD5 Hash of an Entire File 196 Where Does All of This Fit into SSL? 200 Understanding Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) Signatures 201 Implementing Sender-Side DSA Signature Generation 202 Implementing Receiver-Side DSA Signature Verification 205 How to Make DSA Efficient 209 Getting More Security per Bit: Elliptic Curve DSA 210 Rewriting the Elliptic-Curve Math Functions to Support Large Numbers 211 Implementing ECDSA 215 Generating ECC Keypairs 218 Chapter 5 Creating a Network of Trust Using X.509 Certificates 221 Putting It Together: The Secure Channel Protocol 222 Encoding with ASN.1 225 Understanding Signed Certificate Structure 225 Version 226 serialNumber 227 signature 227 issuer 229 validity 232 subject 233 subjectPublicKeyInfo 235 extensions 237 Signed Certificates 238 Summary of X.509 Certificates 241 Transmitting Certificates with ASN.1 Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) 241 Encoded Values 241 Strings and Dates 242 Bit Strings 243 Sequences and Sets: Grouping and Nesting ASN.1 Values 243 ASN.1 Explicit Tags 244 A Real-World Certificate Example 244 Using OpenSSL to Generate an RSA KeyPair and Certificate 244 Using OpenSSL to Generate a DSA KeyPair and Certificate 251 Developing an ASN.1 Parser 252 Converting a Byte Stream into an ASN.1 Structure 252 The asn1parse Code in Action 259 Turning a Parsed ASN.1 Structure into X.509 Certificate Components 264 Joining the X.509 Components into a Completed X. 509 Certificate Structure 268 Parsing Object Identifiers (OIDs) 270 Parsing Distinguished Names 271 Parsing Certificate Extensions 275 Signature Verification 279 Validating PKCS #7-Formatted RSA Signatures 280 Verifying a Self-Signed Certificate 281 Adding DSA Support to the Certificate Parser 286 Managing Certificates 292 How Authorities Handle Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs) 292 Correlating Public and Private Keys Using PKCS # 12 Formatting 293 Blacklisting Compromised Certificates Using Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) 294 Keeping Certificate Blacklists Up-to-Date with the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) 295 Other Problems with Certificates 296 Chapter 6 A Usable, Secure Communications Protocol: Client-Side TLS 297 Implementing the TLS 1.0 Handshake (Client Perspective) 299 Adding TLS Support to the HTTP Client 300 Understanding the TLS Handshake Procedure 303 TLS Client Hello 304 Tracking the Handshake State in the TLSParameters Structure 304 Describing Cipher Suites 308 Flattening and Sending the Client Hello Structure 309 TLS Server Hello 316 Adding a Receive Loop 317 Sending Alerts 318 Parsing the Server Hello Structure 319 Reporting Server Alerts 323 TLS Certificate 324 TLS Server Hello Done 328 TLS Client Key Exchange 329 Sharing Secrets Using TLS PRF (Pseudo-Random Function) 329 Creating Reproducible, Unpredictable Symmetric Keys with Master Secret Computation 336 RSA Key Exchange 337 Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 343 TLS Change Cipher Spec 344 TLS Finished 346 Computing the Verify Message 347 Correctly Receiving the Finished Message 352 Secure Data Transfer with TLS 353 Assigning Sequence Numbers 353 Supporting Outgoing Encryption 355 Adding Support for Stream Ciphers 358 Updating Each Invocation of send_message 359 Decrypting and Authenticating 361 TLS Send 364 TLS Receive 365 Implementing TLS Shutdown 368 Examining HTTPS End-to-end Examples (TLS 1.0) 369 Dissecting the Client Hello Request 370 Dissecting the Server Response Messages 372 Dissecting the Key Exchange Message 373 Decrypting the Encrypted Exchange 374 Exchanging Application Data 377 Differences Between SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 378 Differences Between TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 379 Chapter 7 Adding Server-Side TLS 1.0 Support 381 Implementing the TLS 1.0 Handshake from the Server’s Perspective 381 TLS Client Hello 387 TLS Server Hello 390 TLS Certificate 391 TLS Server Hello Done 393 TLS Client Key Exchange 394 RSA Key Exchange and Private Key Location 395 Supporting Encrypted Private Key Files 399 Checking That Decryption was Successful 406 Completing the Key Exchange 407 TLS Change Cipher Spec 409 TLS Finished 409 Avoiding Common Pitfalls When Adding HTTPS Support to a Server 411 When a Browser Displays Errors: Browser Trust Issues 412 Chapter 8 Advanced SSL Topics 415 Passing Additional Information with Client Hello Extensions 415 Safely Reusing Key Material with Session Resumption 420 Adding Session Resumption on the Client Side 421 Requesting Session Resumption 422 Adding Session Resumption Logic to the Client 422 Restoring the Previous Session’s Master Secret 424 Testing Session Resumption 425 Viewing a Resumed Session 427 Adding Session Resumption on the Server Side 428 Assigning a Unique Session ID to Each Session 429 Adding Session ID Storage 429 Modifying parse_client_hello to Recognize Session Resumption Requests 433 Drawbacks of This Implementation 435 Avoiding Fixed Parameters with Ephemeral Key Exchange 436 Supporting the TLS Server Key Exchange Message 437 Authenticating the Server Key Exchange Message 439 Examining an Ephemeral Key Exchange Handshake 442 Verifying Identity with Client Authentication 448 Supporting the CertificateRequest Message 449 Adding Certificate Request Parsing Capability for the Client 450 Handling the Certificate Request 452 Supporting the Certificate Verify Message 453 Refactoring rsa_encrypt to Support Signing 453 Testing Client Authentication 458 Viewing a Mutually-Authenticated TLS Handshake 460 Dealing with Legacy Implementations: Exportable Ciphers 463 Export-Grade Key Calculation 463 Step-up Cryptography 465 Discarding Key Material Through Session Renegotiation 465 Supporting the Hello Request 466 Renegotiation Pitfalls and the Client Hello Extension 0xFF01 468 Defending Against the Renegotiation Attack 469 Implementing Secure Renegotiation 471 Chapter 9 Adding TLS 1.2 Support to Your TLS Library 479 Supporting TLS 1.2 When You Use RSA for the Key Exchange 479 TLS 1.2 Modifications to the PRF 481 TLS 1.2 Modifications to the Finished Messages Verify Data 483 Impact to Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 485 Parsing Signature Types 485 Adding Support for AEAD Mode Ciphers 490 Maximizing Throughput with Counter Mode 490 Reusing Existing Functionality for Secure Hashes with CBC-MAC 494 Combining CTR and CBC-MAC into AES-CCM 496 Maximizing MAC Throughput with Galois-Field Authentication 502 Combining CTR and Galois-Field Authentication with AES-GCM 505 Authentication with Associated Data 510 Incorporating AEAD Ciphers into TLS 1.2 517 Working ECC Extensions into the TLS Library 523 ECDSA Certificate Parsing 527 ECDHE Support in TLS 533 ECC Client Hello Extensions 540 The Current State of TLS 1.2 540 Chapter 10 Other Applications of SSL 543 Adding the NTTPS Extension to the NTTP Algorithm 543 Implementing “Multi-hop” SMTP over TLS and Protecting Email Content with S/MIME 545 Understanding the Email Model 545 The SSL/TLS Design and Email 546 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) 547 Protecting Email from Eavesdroppers with S/MIME 549 Securing Email When There Are Multiple Recipients 550 S/MIME Certificate Management 552 Securing Datagram Traffic 552 Securing the Domain Name System 553 Using the DNS Protocol to Query the Database 555 Disadvantages of the DNS Query 555 Preventing DNS Cache Poisoning with DNSSEC 556 TLS Without TCP — Datagram TLS 559 Supporting SSL When Proxies Are Involved 560 Possible Solutions to the Proxy Problem 560 Adding Proxy Support Using Tunneling 561 SSL with OpenSSL 564 Final Thoughts 566 Appendix A Binary Representation of Integers: A Primer 567 The Decimal and Binary Numbering Systems 567 Understanding Binary Logical Operations 568 The AND Operation 568 The OR Operation 569 The NOT Operation 569 The XOR Operation 569 Position Shifting of Binary Numbers 570 Two’s-Complement Representation of Negative Numbers 570 Big-Endian versus Little-Endian Number Formats 571 Appendix B Installing TCPDump and OpenSSL 573 Installing TCPDump 573 Installing TCPDump on a Windows System 574 Installing TCPDump on a Linux System 575 Installing OpenSSL 575 Installing OpenSSL on a Windows System 575 Installing OpenSSL on a Linux system 577 Appendix C Understanding the Pitfalls of SSLv 2 579 Implementing the SSL Handshake 582 SSL Client Hello 588 SSL Server Hello 592 SSL Client Master Key 600 SSL Client Finished 607 SSL Server Verify 612 SSL Server Finished 616 SSL send 617 SSL recv 617 Examining an HTTPS End-to-End Example 619 Viewing the TCPDump Output 619 Problems with SSLv 2 626 Man-in-the-Middle Attacks 626 Truncation Attacks 626 Same Key Used for Encryption and Authentication 626 No Extensions 627 Index 629

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Book SynopsisA dictionary and handbook that defines the field and provides unique insight Turn to Minoli-Cordovana''s Authoritative Computer and Network Security Dictionary for clear, concise, and up-to-date definitions of terms, concepts, methods, solutions, and tools in the field of computer and network security. About 5,555 security- and IT-related words and phrases are defined. Drawing their definitions from their work experience and from a variety of established and respected sources, the authors have created a single, up-to-the-minute, and standardized resource that users can trust for accuracy and authority. The dictionary is written for industry executives, managers, and planners who are charged with the responsibility of protecting their organizations from random, negligent, or planned attacks on their information technology resources. It not only defines terms, but also provides these professionals with critical insight into the terms'' use and applicabiliTrade Review"Although this book is written for industry executives, managers, and planners, students in computer science or information science programs will find it a valuable resource. At the current price, it is an excellent buy." (CHOICE, March 2007) "…well researched and unique. It is recommended for technical and business reference collections." (American Reference Books Annual, March 2007) "…this book is mostly for managers and professionals who need a clue about a particular term or acronym…" (Computing Reviews.com, January 19, 2007)

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Book SynopsisPraise for Sarbanes-Oxley Guide for Finance and Information Technology Professionals Effective SOX programs enlist the entire organization to build and monitor a compliant control environment. However, even the best SOX programs are inefficient at best, ineffective at worst, if there is a lack of informed, competent finance and IT personnel to support the effort. This book provides these important professionals a needed resource for and road map toward successfully implementing their SOX initiative. Scott Green Chief Administrative Officer, Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP and author, Sarbanes-Oxley and the Board of Directors As a former CFO and CIO, I found this book to be an excellent synopsis of SOX, with impressive implementation summaries and checklists. Michael P. Cangemi CISA, Editor in Chief, Information Systems Control Journal and author, Managing the Audit Function An excellent introduction to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act fTable of ContentsPREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. INTRODUCTION. PART I: Sarbanes-Oxley For The Finance Professional. CHAPTER 1: Scope and Assessment of the Act. Integrity. Independence. Proper Oversight. Accountability. Strong Internal Controls. Transparency. Deterrence. Corporate Process Management. CHAPTER 2: Internal Controls. Components of Internal Control. Purpose of Internal Control. Developing an Internal Control System. CHAPTER 3: Control Environment. Risk Assessment. Information and Communication. Monitoring. CHAPTER 4: Material Weaknesses. Specific Internal Controls to Evaluate. Disclosure Committee. CHAPTER 5: Implementing Sarbanes-Oxley: What Does Compliance Look Like? Time Line. Checklists. Reporting, Documentation, and Archiving. Disclosure. CHAPTER 6: Technology Implications. Storage Systems. IT Solutions. Changes in IT Management. CHAPTER 7: Sarbanes-Oxley–Related Bodies. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations. Securities and Exchange Commission. Financial Accounting Standards Board. CHAPTER 8: Opportunities and Challenges Created by Sarbanes-Oxley. Opportunities. Challenges. CHAPTER 9: Summary for the CFO. Changes to Corporate Governance. Catalyst for Improvement. PART II: Sarbanes-Oxley For The IT Professional. CHAPTER 10: Impact of Sarbanes-Oxley. Impact on the Enterprise, the CEO, and the CFO. Impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on Corporate Management Systems. Impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on the Technology Infrastructure. CHAPTER 11: Technologies Affected by Sarbanes-Oxley: From Sarbanes-Oxley to SOCKET. Separate Vendor Hype from Reality. Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance as an IT Project. Perspective on Sarbanes-Oxley Goals. Steps for Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance. Sarbanes-Oxley and The SEC. CHAPTER 12: Enterprise Technology Ecosystem. Organic IT Architecture. Ecosystem and Sarbanes-Oxley. CHAPTER 13: Implementing the SOCKET Methodology. Species or Components of the Enterprise Technology Ecosystem. COSO Framework. SOCKET Technologies. Transactional Systems: ERP, SCM, CRM. Analytical and Reporting Systems. Data Warehousing. CHAPTER 14: SOCKET and Enterprise Information Management. Document Management and Sarbanes-Oxley. Document Security. Communication and Networking. CHAPTER 15: The Process. Introduction to the Process. Strategic (Top-Down) Approach. Tactical (Bottom-Up) Approach. Monitoring the Audit Team. Implementation Process: Reengineering for Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance. Beyond Sarbanes-Oxley: From SOCKET to Success Ecosystem. Conclusions. APPENDIX A Sarbanes-Oxley Implementation Plan: Developing an Internal Control System for Compliance (Focusing on Sections 302 and 404). APPENDIX B Project to Process: Making the House a Home. APPENDIX C Enterprise Project Management and the Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Project. APPENDIX D Enterprise Risk Management—Integrated Framework. APPENDIX E COBIT 3—Executive Summary. APPENDIX F COBIT 4—Executive Summary. INDEX.

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Book SynopsisA study of the pseudo-random generator, a basic primitive in crytography which is useful for constructing a private key cryptosystem that is secure against chosen plaintext attack. The author stresses rigorous definitions and proofs related to private key cryptography.Table of ContentsOverview and Usage Guide ix Mini-Courses xiii Acknowledgments xv Preliminaries 3 Introduction of some basic notation that is used in all subsequent lectures. Review of some computational complexity classes. Description of some useful probability facts. Lecture 1 Introduction to private key cryptosystems, pseudorandom generators, one-way functions. Introduction of some specific conjectured one-way functions. 13 Lecture 2 Discussions of security issues associated with the computing environment of a party, including the security parameter of a protocol. Definition of an adversary, the achievement ratio of an adversary for a protocol, and the security of a protocol. Definitions of one-way functions and one-way permutations, and cryptographic reduction. 21 Lecture 3 Definition of a weak one-way function. Reduction from a weak oneway function to a one-way function. More efficient security preserving reductions from a weak one-way permutation to a one-way permutation. 35 Lecture 4 Proof that the discrete log problem is either a one-way permutation or not even weak one-way permutation via random self-reducibility. Definition of a pseudorandom generator, the next bit test, and the proof that the two definitions are equivalent. Construction of a pseudorandom generator that stretches by a polynomial amount from a pseudorandom generator that stretches by one bit. 49 Lecture 5 Introduction of a two part paradigm for derandornizing probabilistic algorithms. Two problems are used to exemplify this approach: witness sampling and vertex partitioning. 56 Lecture 6 Definition of inner product bit for a function and what it means to be a hidden bit. Description and proof of the Hidden Bit Theorem that shows the inner product bit is hidden for a one-way function. Lecture 7 Definitions of statistical measures of distance between probability distributions and the analogous computational measures. Restatement of the, Hidden Bit Theorem in these terms and application of this theorem to construct a pseudorandom generator from a one-way permutation. Description and proof of the Many Hidden Bits Theorem that shows many inner product bit are hidden for a one-way function. Lecture 8 Definitions of various notions of statistical entropy, computational entropy and pseudoentropy generators. Definition of universal hash Functions. Description and proof of the Smoothing Entropy Theorem. 79 Lecture 9 Reduction from a one-way one-to-one function to a pseudorandom generator using the Smoothing Entropy Theorem and the Hidden Bit Theorem. Reduction from a one-way regular function to a pseudorandom generator using the Smoothing Entropy Theorem and Many Hidden Bits Theorem. 88 Lecture 10 Definition of a false entropy generator. Construction and proof of a pseudorandom generator from a false entropy generator. Construction and proof of a false entropy generator from any one-way function in the non- uniform sense. 95 Lecture 11 Definition of a stream private key cryptosystem, definitions of several notions of security, including passive attack and chosen plaintext. attack, and design of a stream private key cryptosystern that is secure against these attacks based on a pseudorandom generator. 105 Lecture 12 Definitions and motivation for a block cryptosystern and security against chosen plaintext attack. Definition and construction of a pseudorandom function generator from a pseudorandom generator. Construction of a block private key cryptosystern secure against chosen plaintext attack based on a pseudorandom function generator. 117 Lecture 13 Discussion of the Data Encryption Standard. Definition of a pseudorandom invertible permutation generator and discussion of applications to the construction of a block private key cryptosystern secure against chosen plaintext attack. Construction of a perfect random permutation based on a perfect random function. 128 Lecture 14 Construction of a pseudorandom invertible permutation generator from a pseudorandom function generator. Definition and construction of a super pseudorandom invertible permutation generator. Applications to block private key cryptosystems. 138 Lecture 15 Definition of trapdoor one-way functions, specific examples, and construction of cryptosystems without initial communication using a private line. 146 Lecture 16 Definition and construction of a universal one-way hash function. 154 Lecture 17 Definition and construction of secure one bit and many bit signature schemes. 162 Lecture 18 Definition of interactive proofs IP and the zero knowledge restriction of this class ZKIP. Definition and construction of a hidden bit commitment scheme based on a one-way function. Construction of a ZKIP for all NP based on a hidden bit commitment scheme. 174 List of Exercises and Research Problems 185 List of Primary Results 195 Credits and History 199 References 211 Notation 221 Index 225

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Book SynopsisDatabases are the nerve center of our economy. Every piece of your personal information is stored there-medical records, bank accounts, employment history, pensions, car registrations, even your children''s grades and what groceries you buy. Database attacks are potentially crippling-and relentless. In this essential follow-up to The Shellcoder''s Handbook, four of the world''s top security experts teach you to break into and defend the seven most popular database servers. You''ll learn how to identify vulnerabilities, how attacks are carried out, and how to stop the carnage. The bad guys already know all this. You need to know it too. * Identify and plug the new holes in Oracle and Microsoft(r) SQL Server * Learn the best defenses for IBM''s DB2(r), PostgreSQL, Sybase ASE, and MySQL(r) servers * Discover how buffer overflow exploitation, privilege escalation through SQL, stored procedure or trigger abuse, and SQL injection enable hacker access * ReTable of ContentsAbout the Authors. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: Introduction. Chapter 1: Why Care About Database Security? Part II: Oracle. Chapter 2: The Oracle Architecture. Chapter 3: Attacking Oracle. Chapter 4: Oracle: Moving Further into the Network. Chapter 5: Securing Oracle. Part III: DB2. Chapter 6: IBM DB2 Universal Database. Chapter 7: DB2: Discovery, Attack, and Defense. Chapter 8: Attacking DB2. Chapter 9: Securing DB2. Part IV: Informix. Chapter 10: The Informix Architecture. Chapter 11: Informix: Discovery, Attack, and Defense. Chapter 12: Securing Informix. Part V: Sybase ASE. Chapter 13: Sybase Architecture. Chapter 14: Sybase: Discovery, Attack, and Defense. Chapter 15: Sybase: Moving Further into the Network. Chapter 16: Securing Sybase. Part VI: MySQL. Chapter 17: MySQL Architecture. Chapter 18: MySQL: Discovery, Attack, and Defense. Chapter 19: MySQL: Moving Further into the Network. Chapter 20: Securing MySQL. Part VII: SQL Server. Chapter 21: Microsoft SQL Server Architecture. Chapter 22: SQL Server: Exploitation, Attack, and Defense. Chapter 23: Securing SQL Server. Part VIII: PostgreSQL. Chapter 24: The PostgreSQL Architecture. Chapter 25: PostgreSQL: Discovery and Attack. Chapter 26: Securing PostgreSQL. Appendix A: Example C Code for a Time-Delay SQL Injection Harness. Appendix B: Dangerous Extended Stored Procedures. Appendix C: Oracle Default Usernames and Passwords. Index.

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Book SynopsisToday's uber viruses, worms, and trojans may seem more damaging than ever, but the attacking malware and malicious hackers are using the same tricks they always have. With this book, Microsoft MVP Roger Grimes exposes the real threat to Windows computers and offers practical guidance to secure those systems.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: The Basics in Depth. Chapter 1: Windows Attacks. Chapter 2: Conventional and Unconventional Defenses. Chapter 3: NTFS Permissions 101. Part II: OS Hardening. Chapter 4: Preventing Password Crackers. Chapter 5: Protecting High-Risk Files. Chapter 6: Protecting High-Risk Registry Entries. Chapter 7: Tightening Services. Chapter 8: Using IPSec. Part III: Application Security. Chapter 9: Stopping Unauthorized Execution. Chapter 10: Securing Internet Explorer. Chapter 11: Protecting E-mail. Chapter 12: IIS Security. Chapter 13: Using Encrypting File System. Part IV: Automating Security. Chapter 14: Group Policy Explained. Chapter 15: Designing a Secure Active Directory Infrastructure. Book Summary. Index.

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Book SynopsisLearn to deploy proven cryptographic tools in your applications and services Cryptography is, quite simply, what makes security and privacy in the digital world possible. Tech professionals, including programmers, IT admins, and security analysts, need to understand how cryptography works to protect users, data, and assets. Implementing Cryptography Using Python will teach you the essentials, so you can apply proven cryptographic tools to secure your applications and systems. Because this book uses Python, an easily accessible language that has become one of the standards for cryptography implementation, you'll be able to quickly learn how to secure applications and data of all kinds. In this easy-to-read guide, well-known cybersecurity expert Shannon Bray walks you through creating secure communications in public channels using public-key cryptography. You'll also explore methods of authenticating messages to ensure that they haven't been tampered with in transit. Finally, you'll lTable of ContentsIntroduction xvii Chapter 1 Introduction to Cryptography and Python 1 Exploring Algorithms 2 Why Use Python? 2 Downloading and Installing Python 3 Installing on Ubuntu 4 Installing on macOS 4 Installing on Windows 4 Installing on a Chromebook 4 Installing Additional Packages 5 Installing Pip, NumPy, and Matplotlib 6 Installing the Cryptography Package 7 Installing Additional Packages 8 Testing Your Install 9 Diving into Python Basics 9 Using Variables 10 Using Strings 11 Introducing Operators 11 Understanding Arithmetic Operators 11 Understanding Comparison Operators 13 Understanding Logical Operators 13 Understanding Assignment Operators 14 Understanding Bitwise Operators 15 Understanding Membership Operators 15 Understanding Identity Operators 16 Using Conditionals 16 Using Loops 17 for 17 while 18 continue 18 break 18 else 18 Using Files 19 Understanding Python Semantics 20 Sequence Types 20 Introducing Custom Functions 26 Downloading Files Using Python 27 Introducing Python Modules 28 Creating a Reverse Cipher 29 Summary 30 Chapter 2 Cryptographic Protocols and Perfect Secrecy 31 The Study of Cryptology 32 Understanding Cryptography 32 Cryptography’s Famous Family: Alice and Bob 33 Diffie-Hellman 34 Data Origin Authentication 34 Entity Authentication 35 Symmetric Algorithms 36 Asymmetric Algorithms 36 The Needham-Schroeder Protocols 36 The Otway-Rees Protocol 38 Kerberos 39 Multiple-Domain Kerberos 40 X.509 41 Formal Validation of Cryptographic Protocols 46 Configuring Your First Cryptographic Library 47 Understanding Cryptanalysis 47 Brute-Force Attacks 47 Side-Channel Attacks 48 Social Engineering 48 Analytical Attacks 48 Frequency Analysis 48 Attack Models 49 Shannon’s Theorem 50 One-Time Pad 51 XOR, AND, and OR 51 One-Time Pad Function 56 One-Way Hashes 58 Cryptographic One-Way Hashes 59 Message Authentication Codes 60 Perfect Forward Secrecy 60 Published and Proprietary Encryption Algorithms 61 Summary 62 References 62 Chapter 3 Classical Cryptography 65 Password Best Practices 66 Password Storage 66 Hashing Passwords 67 Salting Passwords 67 Stretching Passwords 68 Password Tools 68 Obfuscating Data 69 ASCII Encoding 70 Base64 Encoding Text 70 Binary Data 72 Decoding 72 Historical Ciphers 72 Scytale of Sparta 73 Substitution Ciphers 73 Caesar Cipher 74 ROT-13 76 Atbash Cipher 77 Vigenère Cipher 77 Playfair 79 Hill 2x2 83 Column Transposition 87 Affine Cipher 90 Summary 93 Chapter 4 Cryptographic Math and Frequency Analysis 95 Modular Arithmetic and the Greatest Common Devisor 96 Prime Numbers 97 Prime Number Theorem 98 School Primality Test 98 Fermat’s Little Theorem 100 Miller-Rabin Primality Test 100 Generate Large Prime Numbers 104 Basic Group Theory 106 Orders of Elements 107 Modular Inverses 109 Fermat’s Little Theorem to Find the Inverse 110 Extending the GCD 111 Euler’s Theorem 111 Pseudorandomness 115 Breaking C’s rand() Function 116 Solving Systems of Linear Equations 117 Frequency Analysis 120 Cryptanalysis with Python 123 Using an Online Word List 125 Determining the Frequency 126 Breaking the Vigenère Cipher 129 Summary 138 Chapter 5 Stream Ciphers and Block Ciphers 139 Convert between Hexdigest and Plaintext 140 Use Stream Ciphers 141 ARC4 147 Vernam Cipher 148 Salsa20 Cipher 149 ChaCha Cipher 151 Use Block Ciphers 156 Block Modes of Operations 158 ECB Mode 158 CBC Mode 159 CFB Mode 160 OFB Mode 162 CTR Mode 163 Tricks with Stream Modes 164 DIY Block Cipher Using Feistel Networks 165 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 167 Using AES with Python 167 File Encryption Using AES 169 File Decryption Using AES 169 Summary 169 Chapter 6 Using Cryptography with Images 171 Simple Image Cryptography 171 Images and Cryptography Libraries 174 Understanding the Cryptography Library 174 Understanding the Cryptosteganography Library 175 Image Cryptography 175 File Cryptography Using Fernet 176 Image Cryptography Using Fernet 179 AES and Block Modes of Operations 180 Exploring a Simple ECB Mode Example 181 Exploring a Simple CBC Mode Example 185 Applying the Examples 186 Steganography 187 Storing a Message Inside an Image 188 Storing a Binary File Inside an Image 192 Working with large images 195 Summary 197 Chapter 7 Message Integrity 199 Message Authentication Codes 200 Hash-based Message Authentication Code 201 Using HMAC to Sign Message 202 Message Digest with SHA 203 Binary Digests 204 NIST Compliance 205 CBC-MAC 206 Birthday Attacks 207 Crafting Forgeries 209 The Length Extension Attack 209 Setting Up a Secure Channel 210 Communication Channels 211 Sending Secure Messages over IP Networks 212 Create a Server Socket 212 Create a Client Socket 213 Create a Threaded Server with TCP 214 Adding Symmetric Encryption 215 Concatenate Message and MAC 218 Summary 221 References 222 Chapter 8 Cryptographic Applications and PKI 223 The Public-Key Transformation 224 Exploring the Basics of RSA 226 Generating RSA Certificates 229 Constructing Simple Text Encryption and Decryption with RSA Certificates 231 Constructing BLOB Encryption and Decryption with RSA Certificates 232 The El-Gamal Cryptosystem 235 Elliptic Curve Cryptography 238 Generating ECC Keys 240 Key Lengths and Curves 241 Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 242 Summary 245 Chapter 9 Mastering Cryptography Using Python 247 Constructing a Plaintext Communications Application 248 Creating a Server 248 Creating the Client 250 Creating the Helper File 251 Execution 252 Installing and Testing Wireshark 253 Implementing PKI in the Application Using RSA Certificates 255 Modifying the Server 256 Modifying the Client 257 Modifying the Helper File 258 Execution 259 Implementing Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 261 Modifying the Server File 262 Modifying the Client File 264 Modifying the Helper File 266 Creating the Diffie-Hellman Class File 270 Execution 275 Wrapping Up 276 Index 277

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Book SynopsisYou will be breachedthe only question is whether you'll be ready A cyber breach could cost your organization millions of dollarsin 2019, the average cost of a cyber breach for companies was $3.9M, a figure that is increasing 20-30% annually. But effective planning can lessen the impact and duration of an inevitable cyberattack. Cyber Breach Response That Actually Works provides a business-focused methodology that will allow you to address the aftermath of a cyber breach and reduce its impact to your enterprise. This book goes beyond step-by-step instructions for technical staff, focusing on big-picture planning and strategy that makes the most business impact. Inside, you'll learn what drives cyber incident response and how to build effective incident response capabilities. Expert author Andrew Gorecki delivers a vendor-agnostic approach based on his experience with Fortune 500 organizations. Understand the evolving threat landscape and learn how to address tactical and strategic challenges to build a comprehensive and cohesive cyber breach response programDiscover how incident response fits within your overall information security program, including a look at risk managementBuild a capable incident response team and create an actionable incident response plan to prepare for cyberattacks and minimize their impact to your organizationEffectively investigate small and large-scale incidents and recover faster by leveraging proven industry practicesNavigate legal issues impacting incident response, including laws and regulations, criminal cases and civil litigation, and types of evidence and their admissibility in court In addition to its valuable breadth of discussion on incident response from a business strategy perspective, Cyber Breach Response That Actually Works offers information on key technology considerations to aid you in building an effective capability and accelerating investigations to ensure your organization can continue business operations during significant cyber events.Table of ContentsForeword xxiii Introduction xxv Chapter 1 Understanding the Bigger Picture 1 Evolving Threat Landscape 2 Identifying Threat Actors 2 Cyberattack Lifecycle 4 Cyberattack Preparation Framework 5 Cyberattack Execution Framework 6 Defining Cyber Breach Response 8 Events, Alerts, Observations, Incidents, and Breaches 9 Events 9 Alerts 9 Observations 10 Incidents 10 Breaches 11 What is Cyber Breach Response? 12 Identifying Drivers for Cyber Breach Response 13 Risk Management 13 Conducting Risk Management 13 Risk Assessment Process 14 Managing Residual Risk 17 Cyber Threat Intelligence 18 What is Cyber Threat Intelligence? 18 Importance of Cyber Threat Intelligence 19 Laws and Regulations 20 Compliance Considerations 20 Compliance Requirements for Cyber Breach Response 21 Changing Business Objectives 22 Incorporating Cyber Breach Response into a Cybersecurity Program 23 Strategic Planning 23 Designing a Program 24 Implementing Program Components 25 Program Operations 26 Continual Improvement 27 Strategy Development 27 Strategic Assessment 28 Gap Analysis 28 Maturity Assessment 30 Strategy Definition 32 Vision and Mission Statement 32 Goals and Objectives 33 Establishing Requirements 33 Defining a Target Operating Model 35 Developing a Business Case and Executive Alignment 35 Strategy Execution 37 Enacting an Incident Response Policy 37 Assigning an Incident Response Team 38 Creating an Incident Response Plan 38 Documenting Legal Requirements 38 Roadmap Development 39 Governance 40 Establishing Policies 40 Enterprise Security Policy 41 Issue-Specific Policies 41 Identifying Key Stakeholders 42 Executive Leadership 42 Project Steering Committee 42 Chief Information Security Officer 43 Stakeholders with Interest in Cyber Breach Response 43 Business Alignment 44 Continual Improvement 44 Necessity to Determine if the Program is Effective 45 Changing Threat Landscape 45 Changing Business Objectives 45 Summary 46 Notes 47 Chapter 2 Building a Cybersecurity Incident Response Team 51 Defining a CSIRT 51 CSIRT History 52 The Role of a CSIRT in the Enterprise 52 Defining Incident Response Competencies and Functions 55 Proactive Functions 55 Developing and Maintaining Procedures 56 Conducting Incident Response Exercises 56 Assisting with Vulnerability Identification 57 Deploying, Developing, and Tuning Tools 58 Implementing Lessons Learned 59 Reactive Functions 59 Digital Forensics and Incident Response 59 Cyber Threat Intelligence 60 Malware Analysis 60 Incident Management 61 Creating an Incident Response Team 61 Creating an Incident Response Mission Statement 62 Choosing a Team Model 62 Centralized Team Model 63 Distributed Team Model 64 Hybrid Team Model 65 An Integrated Team 66 Organizing an Incident Response Team 66 Tiered Model 66 Competency Model 68 Hiring and Training Personnel 69 Technical Skills 69 Soft Skills 71 Pros and Cons of Security Certifications 72 Conducting Effective Interviews 73 Retaining Incident Response Talent 74 Establishing Authority 75 Full Authority 75 Shared Authority 76 Indirect Authority 76 No Authority 76 Introducing an Incident Response Team to the Enterprise 77 Enacting a CSIRT 78 Defining a Coordination Model 78 Communication Flow 80 Incident Officer 80 Incident Manager 81 Assigning Roles and Responsibilities 82 Business Functions 82 Human Resources 82 Corporate Communications 83 Corporate Security 83 Finance 84 Other Business Functions 85 Legal and Compliance 85 Legal Counsel 85 Compliance Functions 86 Information Technology Functions 87 Technical Groups 87 Disaster Recovery 88 Outsourcing Partners and Vendors 89 Senior Management 89 Working with Outsourcing Partners 90 Outsourcing Considerations 91 Proven Track Record of Success 91 Offered Services and Capabilities 91 Global Support 92 Skills and Experience 92 Outsourcing Costs and Pricing Models 92 Establishing Successful Relationships with Vendors 93 Summary 94 Notes 95 Chapter 3 Technology Considerations in Cyber Breach Investigations 97 Sourcing Technology 98 Comparing Commercial vs. Open Source Tools 98 Commercial Tools 98 Open Source Software 98 Other Considerations 99 Developing In-House Software Tools 100 Procuring Hardware 101 Acquiring Forensic Data 102 Forensic Acquisition 102 Order of Volatility 103 Disk Imaging 103 System Memory Acquisition 105 Tool Considerations 106 Forensic Acquisition Use Cases 107 Live Response 108 Live Response Considerations 109 Live Response Tools 109 Live Response Use Cases 112 Incident Response Investigations in Virtualized Environments 113 Traditional Virtualization 115 Cloud Computing 115 Forensic Acquisition 115 Log Management in Cloud Computing Environments 117 Leveraging Network Data in Investigations 118 Firewall Logs and Network Flows 118 Proxy Servers and Web Gateways 120 Full-Packet Capture 120 Identifying Forensic Evidence in Enterprise Technology Services 123 Domain Name System 123 Dynamic Host Confi guration Protocol 125 Web Servers 125 Databases 126 Security Tools 127 Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems 127 Web Application Firewalls 127 Data Loss Prevention Systems 128 Antivirus Software 128 Endpoint Detection and Response 129 Honeypots and Honeynets 129 Log Management 130 What is Logging? 130 What is Log Management? 132 Log Management Lifecycle 133 Collection and Storage 134 Agent-Based vs. Agentless Collection 134 Log Management Architectures 135 Managing Logs with a SIEM 137 What is SIEM? 138 SIEM Considerations 139 Summary 140 Notes 141 Chapter 4 Crafting an Incident Response Plan 143 Incident Response Lifecycle 143 Preparing for an Incident 144 Detecting and Analyzing Incidents 145 Detection and Triage 146 Analyzing Incidents 146 Containment, Eradication, and Recovery 147 Containing a Breach 147 Eradicating a Threat Actor 148 Recovering Business Operations 149 Post-Incident Activities 149 Understanding Incident Management 150 Identifying Process Components 151 Defining a Process 151 Process Controls 153 Process Enablers 155 Process Interfaces 155 Roles and Responsibilities 158 Service Levels 159 Incident Management Workfl ow 160 Sources of Incident Notifi cations 160 Incident Classifi cation and Documentation 162 Incident Categorization 163 Severity Assignment 163 Capturing Incident Information 167 Incident Escalations 169 Hierarchical Escalations 169 Functional Escalation 169 Creating and Managing Tasks 169 Major Incidents 170 Incident Closure 171 Crafting an Incident Response Playbook 171 Playbook Overview 171 Identifying Workfl ow Components 173 Detection 173 Analysis 174 Containment and Eradication 176 Recovery 176 Other Workflow Components 177 Post-Incident Evaluation 177 Vulnerability Management 177 Purpose and Objectives 178 Vulnerability Management Lifecycle 178 Integrating Vulnerability Management and Risk Management 180 Lessons Learned 180 Lessons-Learned Process Components 181 Conducting a Lessons-Learned Meeting 183 Continual Improvement 184 Continual Improvement Principles 184 The Deming Cycle 184 DIKW Hierarchy 185 The Seven-Step Improvement Process 187 Step 1: Define a Vision for Improvement 188 Step 2: Define Metrics 188 Step 3: Collect Data 189 Step 4: Process Data 190 Step 5: Analyze Information 191 Step 6: Assess Findings and Create Plan 191 Step 7: Implement the plan 192 Summary 192 Notes 193 Chapter 5 Investigating and Remediating Cyber Breaches 195 Investigating Incidents 196 Determine Objectives 197 Acquire and Preserve Data 198 Perform Analysis 200 Contain and Eradicate 202 Conducting Analysis 202 Digital Forensics 203 Digital Forensics Disciplines 203 Timeline Analysis 205 Other Considerations in Digital Forensics 206 Cyber Threat Intelligence 207 Cyber Threat Intelligence Lifecycle 208 Identifying Attacker Activity with Cyber Threat Intelligence 209 Categorizing Indicators 212 Malware Analysis 214 Classifying Malware 214 Static Analysis 216 Dynamic Analysis 217 Malware Analysis and Cyber Threat Intelligence 217 Threat Hunting 218 Prerequisites to Threat Hunting 218 Threat Hunting Lifecycle 219 Reporting 221 Evidence Types 223 System Artifacts 223 Persistent Artifacts 223 Volatile Artifacts 225 Network Artifacts 226 Security Alerts 227 Remediating Incidents 228 Remediation Process 229 Establishing a Remediation Team 230 Remediation Lead 231 Remediation Owner 232 Remediation Planning 233 Business Considerations 233 Technology Considerations 234 Logistics 235 Assessing Readiness 235 Consequences of Alerting the Attacker 236 Developing an Execution Plan 237 Containment and Eradication 238 Containment 238 Eradication 239 Monitoring for Attacker Activity 240 Summary 241 Notes 242 Chapter 6 Legal and Regulatory Considerations in Cyber Breach Response 243 Understanding Breaches from a Legal Perspective 244 Laws, Regulations, and Standards 244 United States 245 European Union 246 Standards 246 Materiality in Financial Disclosure 247 Cyber Attribution 248 Motive, Opportunity, Means 248 Attributing a Cyber Attack 249 Engaging Law Enforcement 251 Cyber Insurance 252 Collecting Digital Evidence 252 What is Digital Evidence? 253 Digital Evidence Lifecycle 253 Information Governance 254 Identification 254 Preservation 255 Collection 255 Processing 255 Reviewing 256 Analysis 256 Production 257 Presentation 258 Admissibility of Digital Evidence 258 Federal Rules of Evidence 258 Types of Evidence 260 Direct Evidence 260 Circumstantial Evidence 260 Admission of Digital Evidence in Court 261 Evidence Rules 261 Hearsay Rule 261 Business Records Exemption Rule 262 Best Evidence 262 Working with Legal Counsel 263 Attorney-Client Privilege 263 Attorney Work-Product 264 Non-testifying Expert Privilege 264 Litigation Hold 265 Establishing a Chain of Custody 265 What is a Chain of Custody? 266 Establishing a Defensible Protocol 266 Traditional Forensic Acquisition 267 Live Response and Logical Acquisition 268 Documenting a Defensible Protocol 269 Documentation 269 Accuracy 270 Auditability and Reproducibility 270 Collection Methods 270 Data Privacy and Cyber Breach Investigations 271 What is Data Privacy? 271 Handling Personal Data During Investigations 272 Enacting a Policy to Support Investigations 272 Cyber Breach Investigations and GDPR 273 Data Processing and Cyber Breach Investigations 274 Establishing a Lawful Basis for the Processing of Personal Data 275 Territorial Transfer of Personal Data 276 Summary 277 Notes 278 Index 281

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Book SynopsisLearn to analyze and measure risk by exploring the nature of trust and its application to cybersecurityTrust in Computer Systemsand the Clouddelivers an insightful and practical new take on what it means to trust in the context of computer and network security and the impact on the emerging field of Confidential Computing. Author MikeBursell'sexperience, ranging from Chief Security Architect at Red Hat to CEO at a Confidential Computing start-up grounds the reader in fundamental concepts of trust and related ideas before discussing the more sophisticated applications of these concepts to various areas in computing. The bookdemonstratesin the importance of understanding and quantifying risk and draws on the social and computer sciences to explain hardware and software security, complex systems, and open source communities. It takes a detailed look at the impact of Confidential Computing on security, trust and risk and also describes the emerging concept of trust domains, which provide an alternative to standard layered security. Foundational definitions of trust from sociology and other social sciences, how they evolved, and what modern concepts of trust mean to computer professionalsA comprehensive examination of the importance of systems, from open-source communities to HSMs, TPMs, and Confidential Computing with TEEs.A thorough exploration of trust domains, includingexplorationsof communities of practice, the centralization of control and policies, and monitoring Perfect for security architects at the CISSP level or higher,Trust in Computer Systemsand the Cloudis also an indispensable addition to the libraries of system architects, security system engineers, and master's students in software architecture and security.Table of ContentsIntroduction xv Chapter 1 Why Trust? 1 Analysing Our Trust Statements 4 What Is Trust? 5 What Is Agency? 8 Trust and Security 10 Trust as a Way for Humans to Manage Risk 13 Risk, Trust, and Computing 15 Defining Trust in Systems 15 Defining Correctness in System Behaviour 17 Chapter 2 Humans and Trust 19 The Role of Monitoring and Reporting in Creating Trust 21 Game Theory 24 The Prisoner’s Dilemma 24 Reputation and Generalised Trust 27 Institutional Trust 28 Theories of Institutional Trust 29 Who Is Actually Being Trusted? 31 Trust Based on Authority 33 Trusting Individuals 37 Trusting Ourselves 37 Trusting Others 41 Trust, But Verify 43 Attacks from Within 43 The Dangers of Anthropomorphism 45 Identifying the Real Trustee 47 Chapter 3 Trust Operations and Alternatives 53 Trust Actors, Operations, and Components 53 Reputation, Transitive Trust, and Distributed Trust 59 Agency and Intentionality 62 Alternatives to Trust 65 Legal Contracts 65 Enforcement 66 Verification 67 Assurance and Accountability 67 Trust of Non-Human or Non-Adult Actors 68 Expressions of Trust 69 Relating Trust and Security 75 Misplaced Trust 75 Chapter 4 Defining Trust in Computing 79 A Survey of Trust Definitions in Computer Systems 79 Other Definitions of Trust within Computing 84 Applying Socio-Philosophical Definitions of Trust to Systems 86 Mathematics and Trust 87 Mathematics and Cryptography 87 Mathematics and Formal Verification 89 Chapter 5 The Importance of Systems 93 System Design 93 The Network Stack 94 Linux Layers 96 Virtualisation and Containers: Cloud Stacks 97 Other Axes of System Design 99 “Trusted” Systems 99 Trust Within the Network Stack 101 Trust in Linux Layers 102 Trust in Cloud Stacks 103 Hardware Root of Trust 106 Cryptographic Hash Functions 110 Measured Boot and Trusted Boot 112 Certificate Authorities 114 Internet Certificate Authorities 115 Local Certificate Authorities 116 Root Certificates as Trust Pivots 119 The Temptations of “Zero Trust” 122 The Importance of Systems 125 Isolation 125 Contexts 127 Worked Example: Purchasing Whisky 128 Actors, Organisations, and Systems 129 Stepping Through the Transaction 130 Attacks and Vulnerabilities 134 Trust Relationships and Agency 136 Agency 136 Trust Relationships 137 The Importance of Being Explicit 145 Explicit Actions 145 Explicit Actors 149 Chapter 6 Blockchain and Trust 151 Bitcoin and Other Blockchains 151 Permissioned Blockchains 152 Trust without Blockchains 153 Blockchain Promoting Trust 154 Permissionless Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies 156 Chapter 7 The Importance of Time 161 Decay of Trust 161 Decay of Trust and Lifecycle 163 Software Lifecycle 168 Trust Anchors, Trust Pivots, and the Supply Chain 169 Types of Trust Anchors 170 Monitoring and Time 171 Attestation 173 The Problem of Measurement 174 The Problem of Run Time 176 Trusted Computing Base 177 Component Choice and Trust 178 Reputation Systems and Trust 181 Chapter 8 Systems and Trust 185 System Components 185 Explicit Behaviour 188 Defining Explicit Trust 189 Dangers of Automated Trust Relationships 192 Time and Systems 194 Defining System Boundaries 198 Trust and a Complex System 199 Isolation and Virtualisation 202 The Stack and Time 205 Beyond Virtual Machines 205 Hardware-Based Type 3 Isolation 207 Chapter 9 Open Source and Trust 211 Distributed Trust 211 How Open Source Relates to Trust 214 Community and Projects 215 Projects and the Personal 217 Open Source Process 219 Trusting the Project 220 Trusting the Software 222 Contents xiii xiv Contents Supply Chain and Products 226 Open Source and Security 229 Chapter 10 Trust, the Cloud, and the Edge 233 Deployment Model Differences 235 What Host Systems Offer 237 What Tenants Need 237 Mutually Adversarial Computing 240 Mitigations and Their Efficacy 243 Commercial Mitigations 243 Architectural Mitigations 244 Technical Mitigations 246 Chapter 11 Hardware, Trust, and Confidential Computing 247 Properties of Hardware and Trust 248 Isolation 248 Roots of Trust 249 Physical Compromise 253 Confidential Computing 256 TEE TCBs in detail 261 Trust Relationships and TEEs 266 How Execution Can Go Wrong—and Mitigations 269 Minimum Numbers of Trustees 276 Explicit Trust Models for TEE Deployments 278 Chapter 12 Trust Domains 281 The Composition of Trust Domains 284 Trust Domains in a Bank 284 Trust Domains in a Distributed Architecture 288 Trust Domain Primitives and Boundaries 292 Trust Domain Primitives 292 Trust Domains and Policy 293 Other Trust Domain Primitives 296 Boundaries 297 Centralisation of Control and Policies 298 Chapter 13 A World of Explicit Trust 301 Tools for Trust 301 The Role of the Architect 303 Architecting the System 304 The Architect and the Trustee 305 Coda 307 References 309 Index 321

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Book SynopsisGAME THEORY AND MACHINE LEARNING FOR CYBER SECURITY Move beyond the foundations of machine learning and game theory in cyber security to the latest research in this cutting-edge field In Game Theory and Machine Learning for Cyber Security, a team of expert security researchers delivers a collection of central research contributions from both machine learning and game theory applicable to cybersecurity. The distinguished editors have included resources that address open research questions in game theory and machine learning applied to cyber security systems and examine the strengths and limitations of current game theoretic models for cyber security. Readers will explore the vulnerabilities of traditional machine learning algorithms and how they can be mitigated in an adversarial machine learning approach. The book offers a comprehensive suite of solutions to a broad range of technical issues in applying game theory and machine learning to solve cyber security challenges. Beginning with an introduction to foundational concepts in game theory, machine learning, cyber security, and cyber deception, the editors provide readers with resources that discuss the latest in hypergames, behavioral game theory, adversarial machine learning, generative adversarial networks, and multi-agent reinforcement learning. Readers will also enjoy: A thorough introduction to game theory for cyber deception, including scalable algorithms for identifying stealthy attackers in a game theoretic framework, honeypot allocation over attack graphs, and behavioral games for cyber deceptionAn exploration of game theory for cyber security, including actionable game-theoretic adversarial intervention detection against advanced persistent threatsPractical discussions of adversarial machine learning for cyber security, including adversarial machine learning in 5G security and machine learning-driven fault injection in cyber-physical systemsIn-depth examinations of generative models for cyber security Perfect for researchers, students, and experts in the fields of computer science and engineering, Game Theory and Machine Learning for Cyber Security is also an indispensable resource for industry professionals, military personnel, researchers, faculty, and students with an interest in cyber security.Table of ContentsEditor biographies Contributors Foreword Preface Chapter 1: Introduction Christopher D. Kiekintveld, Charles A. Kamhoua, Fei Fang, Quanyan Zhu Part 1: Game Theory for Cyber Deception Chapter 2: Introduction to Game Theory Fei Fang, Shutian Liu, Anjon Basak, Quanyan Zhu, Christopher Kiekintveld, Charles A. Kamhoua Chapter 3: Scalable Algorithms for Identifying Stealthy Attackers in a Game Theoretic Framework Using Deception Anjon Basak, Charles Kamhoua, Sridhar Venkatesan, Marcus Gutierrez, Ahmed H. Anwar, Christopher Kiekintveld Chapter 4: Honeypot Allocation Game over Attack Graphs for Cyber Deception Ahmed H. Anwar, Charles Kamhoua, Nandi Leslie, Christopher Kiekintveld Chapter 5: Evaluating Adaptive Deception Strategies for Cyber Defense with Human Experimentation Palvi Aggarwal, Marcus Gutierrez, Christopher Kiekintveld, Branislav Bosansky, Cleotilde Gonzalez Chapter 6: A Theory of Hypergames on Graphs for Synthesizing Dynamic Cyber Defense with Deception Jie Fu, Abhishek N. Kulkarni Part 2: Game Theory for Cyber Security Chapter 7: Minimax Detection (MAD) for Computer Security: A Dynamic Program Characterization Muhammed O. Sayin, Dinuka Sahabandu, Muhammad Aneeq uz Zaman, Radha Poovendran, Tamer Başar Chapter 8: Sensor Manipulation Games in Cyber Security João P. Hespanha Chapter 9: Adversarial Gaussian Process Regression in Sensor Networks Yi Li, Xenofon Koutsoukos, Yevgeniy Vorobeychik Chapter 10: Moving Target Defense Games for Cyber Security: Theory and Applications Abdelrahman Eldosouky, Shamik Sengupta Chapter 11: Continuous Authentication Security Games Serkan Saritas, Ezzeldin Shereen, Henrik Sandberg, Gyorgy Dan Chapter 12: Cyber Autonomy in Software Security: Techniques and Tactics Tiffany Bao, Yan Shoshitaishvili Part 3: Adversarial Machine Learning for Cyber Security Chapter 13: A Game Theoretic Perspective on Adversarial Machine Learning and Related Cybersecurity Applications Yan Zhou, Murat Kantarcioglu, Bowei Xi Chapter 14: Adversarial Machine Learning in 5G Communications Security Yalin Sagduyu, Tugba Erpek, Yi Shi Chapter 15: Machine Learning in the Hands of a Malicious Adversary: A Near Future If Not Reality Keywhan Chung, Xiao Li, Peicheng Tang, Zeran Zhu, Zbigniew T. Kalbarczyk, Thenkurussi Kesavadas, Ravishankar K. Iyer Chapter 16: Trinity: Trust, Resilience and Interpretability of Machine Learning Models Susmit Jha, Anirban Roy, Brian Jalaian, Gunjan Verma Part 4: Generative Models for Cyber Security Chapter 17: Evading Machine Learning based Network Intrusion Detection Systems with GANs Bolor-Erdene Zolbayar, Ryan Sheatsley, Patrick McDaniel, Mike Weisman Chapter 18: Concealment Charm (ConcealGAN): Automatic Generation of Steganographic Text using Generative Models to Bypass Censorship Nurpeiis Baimukan, Quanyan Zhu Part 5: Reinforcement Learning for Cyber Security Chapter 19: Manipulating Reinforcement Learning: Stealthy Attacks on Cost Signals Yunhan Huang, Quanyan Zhu Chapter 20: Resource-Aware Intrusion Response based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Software-Defined Internet-of-Battle-Things Seunghyun Yoon, Jin-Hee Cho, Gaurav Dixit, Ing-Ray Chen Part 6: Other Machine Learning approach to Cyber Security Chapter 21: Smart Internet Probing: Scanning Using Adaptive Machine Learning Armin Sarabi, Kun Jin, Mingyan Liu Chapter 22: Semi-automated Parameterization of a Probabilistic Model using Logistic Regression - A Tutorial Stefan Rass, Sandra König, Stefan Schauer Chapter 23: Resilient Distributed Adaptive Cyber-Defense using Blockchain George Cybenko, Roger A. Hallman Chapter 24: Summary and Future Work Quanyan Zhu, Fei Fang

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Book SynopsisSECURITY ISSUES AND PRIVACY CONCERNS IN INDUSTRY 4.0 APPLICATIONS Written and edited by a team of international experts, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the security and privacy issues surrounding Industry 4.0 applications, a must-have for any library. The scope of Security Issues and Privacy Concerns in Industry 4.0 Applications is to envision the need for security in Industry 4.0 applications and the research opportunities for the future. This book discusses the security issues in Industry 4.0 applications for research development. It will also enable the reader to develop solutions for the security threats and attacks that prevail in the industry. The chapters will be framed on par with advancements in the industry in the area of Industry 4.0 with its applications in additive manufacturing, cloud computing, IoT (Internet of Things), and many others. This book helps a researcher and an industrial specialist to reflect on the latest trends and the need for teTable of ContentsPreface xiii 1 Industry 4.0: Smart Water Management System Using IoT 1S. Saravanan, N. Renugadevi, C.M. Naga Sudha and Parul Tripathi 1.1 Introduction 2 1.1.1 Industry 4.0 2 1.1.2 IoT 2 1.1.3 Smart City 3 1.1.4 Smart Water Management 3 1.2 Preliminaries 4 1.2.1 Internet World to Intelligent World 4 1.2.2 Architecture of IoT System 4 1.2.3 Architecture of Smart City 6 1.3 Literature Review on SWMS 7 1.3.1 Water Quality Parameters Related to SWMS 8 1.3.2 SWMS in Agriculture 8 1.3.3 SWMS Using Smart Grids 9 1.3.4 Machine Learning Models in SWMS 10 1.3.5 IoT-Based SWMS 11 1.4 Conclusion 11 References 12 2 Fourth Industrial Revolution Application: Network Forensics Cloud Security Issues 15Abdullah Ayub Khan, Asif Ali Laghari, Shafique Awan and Awais Khan Jumani 2.1 Introduction 16 2.1.1 Network Forensics 16 2.1.2 The Fourth Industrial Revolution 17 2.1.2.1 Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication 18 2.1.3 Cloud Computing 18 2.1.3.1 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) 19 2.1.3.2 Challenges of Cloud Security in Fourth Industrial Revolution 19 2.2 Generic Model Architecture 20 2.3 Model Implementation 24 2.3.1 OpenNebula (Hypervisor) Implementation Platform 24 2.3.2 NetworkMiner Analysis Tool 25 2.3.3 Performance Matrix Evaluation & Result Discussion 27 2.4 Cloud Security Impact on M2M Communication 28 2.4.1 Cloud Computing Security Application in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4.0) 29 2.5 Conclusion 30 References 31 3 Regional Language Recognition System for Industry 4.0 35Bharathi V, N. Renugadevi, J. Padmapriya and M. Vijayprakash 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Automatic Speech Recognition System 39 3.2.1 Preprocessing 41 3.2.2 Feature Extraction 42 3.2.2.1 Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) 42 3.2.2.2 Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficient (LPCC) 44 3.2.2.3 Perceptual Linear Predictive (PLP) 44 3.2.2.4 Power Spectral Analysis 44 3.2.2.5 Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients 45 3.2.2.6 Wavelet Transform 46 3.2.3 Implementation of Deep Learning Technique 46 3.2.3.1 Recurrent Neural Network 47 3.2.3.2 Long Short-Term Memory Network 47 3.2.3.3 Hidden Markov Models (HMM) 47 3.2.3.4 Hidden Markov Models - Long Short-Term Memory Network (HMM-LSTM) 48 3.2.3.5 Evaluation Metrics 49 3.3 Literature Survey on Existing TSRS 49 3.4 Conclusion 52 References 52 4 Approximation Algorithm and Linear Congruence: An Approach for Optimizing the Security of IoT-Based Healthcare Management System 55Anirban Bhowmik and Sunil Karforma 4.1 Introduction 56 4.1.1 IoT in Medical Devices 56 4.1.2 Importance of Security and Privacy Protection in IoT-Based Healthcare System 57 4.1.3 Cryptography and Secret Keys 58 4.1.4 RSA 58 4.1.5 Approximation Algorithm and Subset Sum Problem 58 4.1.6 Significance of Use of Subset Sum Problem in Our Scheme 59 4.1.7 Linear Congruence 60 4.1.8 Linear and Non-Linear Functions 61 4.1.9 Pell’s Equation 61 4.2 Literature Survey 62 4.3 Problem Domain 63 4.4 Solution Domain and Objectives 64 4.5 Proposed Work 65 4.5.1 Methodology 65 4.5.2 Session Key Generation 65 4.5.3 Intermediate Key Generation 67 4.5.4 Encryption Process 69 4.5.5 Generation of Authentication Code and Transmission File 70 4.5.6 Decryption Phase 71 4.6 Results and Discussion 71 4.6.1 Statistical Analysis 72 4.6.2 Randomness Analysis of Key 73 4.6.3 Key Sensitivity Analysis 75 4.6.4 Security Analysis 76 4.6.4.1 Key Space Analysis 76 4.6.4.2 Brute-Force Attack 77 4.6.4.3 Dictionary Attack 77 4.6.4.4 Impersonation Attack 78 4.6.4.5 Replay Attack 78 4.6.4.6 Tampering Attack 78 4.6.5 Comparative Analysis 79 4.6.5.1 Comparative Analysis Related to IoT Attacks 79 4.6.6 Significance of Authentication in Our Proposed Scheme 85 4.7 Conclusion 85 References 86 5 A Hybrid Method for Fake Profile Detection in Social Network Using Artificial Intelligence 89Ajesh F, Aswathy S U, Felix M Philip and Jeyakrishnan V 5.1 Introduction 90 5.2 Literature Survey 91 5.3 Methodology 94 5.3.1 Datasets 94 5.3.2 Detection of Fake Account 94 5.3.3 Suggested Framework 95 5.3.3.1 Pre-Processing 97 5.3.3.2 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 98 5.3.3.3 Learning Algorithms 99 5.3.3.4 Feature or Attribute Selection 102 5.4 Result Analysis 103 5.4.1 Cross-Validation 103 5.4.2 Analysis of Metrics 104 5.4.3 Performance Evaluation of Proposed Model 105 5.4.4 Performance Analysis of Classifiers 105 5.5 Conclusion 109 References 109 6 Packet Drop Detection in Agricultural-Based Internet of Things Platform 113Sebastian Terence and Geethanjali Purushothaman 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Problem Statement and Related Work 114 6.3 Implementation of Packet Dropping Detection in IoT Platform 115 6.4 Performance Analysis 120 6.5 Conclusion 129 References 129 7 Smart Drone with Open CV to Clean the Railway Track 131Sujaritha M and Sujatha R 7.1 Introduction 132 7.2 Related Work 132 7.3 Problem Definition 134 7.4 The Proposed System 134 7.4.1 Drones with Human Intervention 134 7.4.2 Drones without Human Intervention 135 7.4.3 Working Model 137 7.5 Experimental Results 137 7.6 Conclusion 139 References 139 8 Blockchain and Big Data: Supportive Aid for Daily Life 141Awais Khan Jumani, Asif Ali Laghari and Abdullah Ayub Khan 8.1 Introduction 142 8.1.1 Steps of Blockchain Technology Works 144 8.1.2 Blockchain Private 144 8.1.3 Blockchain Security 145 8.2 Blockchain vs. Bitcoin 145 8.2.1 Blockchain Applications 146 8.2.2 Next Level of Blockchain 146 8.2.3 Blockchain Architecture’s Basic Components 149 8.2.4 Blockchain Architecture 150 8.2.5 Blockchain Characteristics 150 8.3 Blockchain Components 151 8.3.1 Cryptography 152 8.3.2 Distributed Ledger 153 8.3.3 Smart Contracts 153 8.3.4 Consensus Mechanism 154 8.3.4.1 Proof of Work (PoW) 155 8.3.4.2 Proof of Stake (PoS) 155 8.4 Categories of Blockchain 155 8.4.1 Public Blockchain 156 8.4.2 Private Blockchain 156 8.4.3 Consortium Blockchain 156 8.4.4 Hybrid Blockchain 156 8.5 Blockchain Applications 158 8.5.1 Financial Application 158 8.5.1.1 Bitcoin 158 8.5.1.2 Ripple 158 8.5.2 Non-Financial Applications 159 8.5.2.1 Ethereum 159 8.5.2.2 Hyperledger 159 8.6 Blockchain in Different Sectors 160 8.7 Blockchain Implementation Challenges 160 8.8 Revolutionized Challenges in Industries 163 8.9 Conclusion 170 References 172 9 A Novel Framework to Detect Effective Prediction Using Machine Learning 179Shenbaga Priya, Revadi, Sebastian Terence and Jude Immaculate 9.1 Introduction 180 9.2 ML-Based Prediction 180 9.3 Prediction in Agriculture 182 9.4 Prediction in Healthcare 183 9.5 Prediction in Economics 184 9.6 Prediction in Mammals 185 9.7 Prediction in Weather 186 9.8 Discussion 186 9.9 Proposed Framework 187 9.9.1 Problem Analysis 187 9.9.2 Preprocessing 188 9.9.3 Algorithm Selection 188 9.9.4 Training the Machine 188 9.9.5 Model Evaluation and Prediction 188 9.9.6 Expert Suggestion 188 9.9.7 Parameter Tuning 189 9.10 Implementation 189 9.10.1 Farmers and Sellers 189 9.10.2 Products 189 9.10.3 Price Prediction 190 9.11 Conclusion 192 References 192 10 Dog Breed Classification Using CNN 195Sandra Varghese and Remya S 10.1 Introduction 195 10.2 Related Work 196 10.3 Methodology 198 10.4 Results and Discussions 201 10.4.1 Training 201 10.4.2 Testing 201 10.5 Conclusions 203 References 203 11 Methodology for Load Balancing in Multi-Agent System Using SPE Approach 207S. Ajitha 11.1 Introduction 207 11.2 Methodology for Load Balancing 208 11.3 Results and Discussion 213 11.3.1 Proposed Algorithm in JADE Tool 213 11.3.1.1 Sensitivity Analysis 218 11.3.2 Proposed Algorithm in NetLogo 218 11.4 Algorithms Used 219 11.5 Results and Discussion 219 11.6 Summary 226 References 226 12 The Impact of Cyber Culture on New Media Consumers 229Durmuş KoÇak 12.1 Introduction 229 12.2 The Rise of the Term of Cyber Culture 231 12.2.1 Cyber Culture in the 21st Century 231 12.2.1.1 Socio-Economic Results of Cyber Culture 232 12.2.1.2 Psychological Outcomes of Cyber Culture 233 12.2.1.3 Political Outcomes of Cyber Culture 234 12.3 The Birth and Outcome of New Media Applications 234 12.3.1 New Media Environments 236 12.3.1.1 Social Sharing Networks 237 12.3.1.2 Network Logs (Blog, Weblog) 240 12.3.1.3 Computer Games 240 12.3.1.4 Digital News Sites and Mobile Media 240 12.3.1.5 Multimedia Media 241 12.3.1.6 What Affects the New Media Consumers’ Tendencies? 242 12.4 Result 244 References 245 Index 251

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Book SynopsisCORPORATE CYBERSECURITY An insider's guide showing companies how to spot and remedy vulnerabilities in their security programs A bug bounty program is offered by organizations for people to receive recognition and compensation for reporting bugs, especially those pertaining to security exploits and vulnerabilities. Corporate Cybersecurity gives cyber and application security engineers (who may have little or no experience with a bounty program) a hands-on guide for creating or managing an effective bug bounty program. Written by a cyber security expert, the book is filled with the information, guidelines, and tools that engineers can adopt to sharpen their skills and become knowledgeable in researching, configuring, and managing bug bounty programs. This book addresses the technical aspect of tooling and managing a bug bounty program and discusses common issues that engineers may run into on a daily basis. The author includes information on the often-overlTable of ContentsForeword xiii Acknowledgments xv Part 1 Bug Bounty Overview 1 1 The Evolution of Bug Bounty Programs 3 1.1 Making History 3 1.2 Conservative Blockers 4 1.3 Increased Threat Actor Activity 4 1.4 Security Researcher Scams 5 1.5 Applications Are a Small Consideration 5 1.6 Enormous Budgetary Requirements 5 1.7 Other Security Tooling as a Priority 6 1.8 Vulnerability Disclosure Programs vs Bug Bounty Programs 6 1.8.1 Vulnerability Disclosure Programs 6 1.8.2 Bug Bounty Programs 7 1.9 Program Managers 7 1.10 The Law 7 1.11 Redefining Security Research 8 1.12 Taking Action 8 1.12.1 Get to Know Security Researchers 9 1.12.2 Fair and Just Resolution 9 1.12.3 Managing Disclosure 9 1.12.4 Corrections 9 1.12.5 Specific Community Involvement 9 Part 2 Evaluating Programs 11 2 Assessing Current Vulnerability Management Processes 13 2.1 Who Runs a Bug Bounty Program? 13 2.2 Determining Security Posture 13 2.3 Management 14 2.3.1 Software Engineering Teams 14 2.3.2 Security Departments (Security Operations, Fraud Prevention, Governance/Risk/Compliance, Edge Controls, Vulnerability Management, Endpoint Detection, and Response) 14 2.3.3 Infrastructure Teams 14 2.3.4 Legal Department 14 2.3.5 Communications Team 14 2.4 Important Questions 15 2.5 Software Engineering 15 2.5.1 Which Processes Are in Place for Secure Coding? Do the Software Engineers Understand the Importance of Mitigating the Risks Associated with Vulnerable Code? 15 2.5.2 How Effective Are Current Communication Processes? Will Vulnerabilities Be Quickly Resolved If Brought to Their Attention? 15 2.5.3 Is the Breadth of Our Enterprise’s Web and Mobile Applications Immense? Which Processes Are Engineers Using for Development in the Software Development Lifecycle? 16 2.6 Security Departments 16 2.6.1 How Does Security Operations Manage Incidents? Will Employee Assistance Be Provided from the Security Operations Team If a Threat Actor Manages to Exploit an Application Vulnerability? Which Tools Do They Have in Place? 16 2.6.2 What Does the Fraud Prevention Team Do to Prevent Malicious Activities? How Many Occurrences Do They See of Issues such as Account Takeover, and Could They Potentially Create Application Vulnerabilities? 16 2.6.3 Are There Any Compliance Practices in Place and, If So, How Do They Affect the Vulnerability Management Process? What Does the Application Security Team Have to Do to Assist in Enterprise Compliance? 17 2.6.4 What Edge Tooling is in Place to Prevent Attacks? Are Any of the Enterprise Applications at Risk of Being Exploited due to an IoT (Internet of Things) Device? 17 2.6.5 How Often Does Our Vulnerability Management Team Push for Updates? How Does the Vulnerability Management Team Ensure Servers in which Enterprise Applications Reside Are Secure? 17 2.7 Infrastructure Teams 17 2.7.1 What Are Infrastructure Teams Doing to Ensure Best Security Practices Are Enabled? How Long Will It Take the Infrastructure Team to Resolve a Serious Issue When a Server-side Web Application is Exploited, or During a Subdomain Takeover Vulnerability? 17 2.7.2 Is There Effective Communication between Infrastructure, Vulnerability Management, Security Operations, and Endpoint Detection and Response? 18 2.8 Legal Department 18 2.8.1 How Well Refined is the Relationship between the Application Security Team and the Legal Department? 18 2.8.2 What Criteria Are/Will Be Set Out for the Escalation of Issues? 18 2.8.3 Does the Legal Department Understand the Necessity of Bug Bounty Program Management? 18 2.9 Communications Team 18 2.9.1 Has the Communications Team Dealt with Security Researchers Before? is the Importance Understood? 18 2.9.2 Was the Communications Team Informed of Bug Bounty Program Expectations? 19 2.10 Engineers 19 2.11 Program Readiness 19 3 Evaluating Program Operations 21 3.1 One Size Does Not Fit All 21 3.2 Realistic Program Scenarios 21 3.3 Ad Hoc Program 22 3.4 Note 24 3.5 Applied Knowledge 24 3.5.1 Applied Knowledge #1 24 3.5.1.1 Private Programs 25 3.5.2 Applied Knowledge #2 25 3.5.2.1 Public Programs 25 3.5.3 Applied Knowledge #3 26 3.5.3.1 Hybrid Models 26 3.6 Crowdsourced Platforms 27 3.7 Platform Pricing and Services 28 3.8 Managed Services 28 3.9 Opting Out of Managed Services 29 3.10 On-demand Penetration Tests 29 Part 3 Program Setup 31 4 Defining Program Scope and Bounties 33 4.1 What is a Bounty? 33 4.2 Understanding Scope 33 4.3 How to Create Scope 34 4.3.1 Models 34 4.4 Understanding Wildcards 34 4.4.1 Subdomain 35 4.4.2 Domain 35 4.4.3 Specific Domain Path or Specific Subdomain Path 35 4.5 Determining Asset Allocation 36 4.6 Asset Risk 37 4.7 Understanding Out of Scope 37 4.8 Vulnerability Types 38 4.8.1 Denial of Service (DOS) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks 38 4.8.2 Social Engineering Attacks 38 4.8.3 Brute Force or Rate Limiting 38 4.8.4 Account and Email Enumeration 38 4.8.5 Self-XSS 39 4.8.6 Clickjacking 39 4.8.7 Miscellaneous 39 4.9 When is an Asset Really Out of Scope? 39 4.10 The House Wins – Or Does It? 40 4.11 Fair Judgment on Bounties 42 4.12 Post-mortem 43 4.13 Awareness and Reputational Damage 43 4.14 Putting It All Together 44 4.15 Bug Bounty Payments 44 4.15.1 Determining Payments 45 4.15.2 Bonus Payments 46 4.15.3 Nonmonetary Rewards 46 5 Understanding Safe Harbor and Service Level Agreements 49 5.1 What is “Safe Harbor”? 49 5.1.1 The Reality of Safe Harbor 49 5.1.2 Fear and Reluctance 49 5.1.3 Writing Safe Harbor Agreements 50 5.1.4 Example Safe Harbor Agreement 50 5.2 Retaliation against a Rogue Researcher (Cybercriminal or Threat/Bad Actor) 51 5.3 Service Level Agreements (SLAs) 52 5.3.1 Resolution Times 53 5.3.2 Triage Times 53 6 Program Configuration 55 6.1 Understanding Options 55 6.2 Bugcrowd 55 6.2.1 Creating the Program 55 6.2.2 Program Overview 61 6.2.2.1 The Program Dashboard 61 6.2.2.2 The Crowd Control Navbar 63 Summary 63 Submissions 63 Researchers 64 Rewards 65 Insights Dashboard 65 Reports 66 6.2.3 Advanced Program Configuration and Modification 66 6.2.3.1 Program Brief 66 6.2.3.2 Scope and Rewards 67 6.2.3.3 Integrations 72 6.2.3.4 Announcements 73 6.2.3.5 Manage Team 74 6.2.3.6 Submissions 75 6.2.4 Profile Settings 76 6.2.4.1 The Profile and Account 78 6.2.4.2 Security 78 6.2.4.3 Notification Settings 79 6.2.4.4 API Credentials 80 6.2.5 Enterprise “Profile” Settings 81 6.2.5.1 Management and Configuration 81 6.2.5.2 Organization Details 81 6.2.5.3 Team Members 81 6.2.5.4 Targets 81 6.2.5.5 Authentication 81 6.2.5.6 Domains 82 6.2.5.7 Accounting 83 6.3 HackerOne 84 6.3.1 Program Settings 85 6.3.1.1 General 85 6.3.1.2 Information 86 6.3.1.3 Product Edition 86 6.3.1.4 Authentication 87 6.3.1.5 Verified Domains 88 6.3.1.6 Credential Management 89 6.3.1.7 Group Management 89 6.3.1.8 User Management 90 6.3.1.9 Audit Log 91 6.3.2 Billing 92 6.3.2.1 Overview 92 6.3.2.2 Credit Card 92 6.3.2.3 Prepayment 92 6.3.3 Program 93 6.3.3.1 Policy 93 6.3.3.2 Scope 93 6.3.3.3 Submit Report Form 95 6.3.3.4 Response Targets 96 6.3.3.5 Metrics Display 97 6.3.3.6 Email Notifications 97 6.3.3.7 Inbox Views 98 6.3.3.8 Disclosure 98 6.3.3.9 Custom Fields 98 6.3.3.10 Invitations 99 6.3.3.11 Submission 100 6.3.3.12 Message Hackers 101 6.3.3.13 Email Forwarding 102 6.3.3.14 Embedded Submission Form 102 6.3.3.15 Bounties 103 6.3.3.16 Swag 103 6.3.3.17 Common Responses 104 6.3.3.18 Triggers 106 6.3.3.19 Integrations 107 6.3.3.20 API 107 6.3.3.21 Hackbot 107 6.3.3.22 Export Reports 108 6.3.3.23 Profile Settings 108 6.3.4 Inbox 108 6.3.4.1 Report Details 109 6.3.4.2 Timeline 109 6.4 Summary 110 Part 4 Vulnerability Reports and Disclosure 111 7 Triage and Bug Management 113 7.1 Understanding Triage 113 7.1.1 Validation 113 7.1.2 Lessons Learned 115 7.1.3 Vulnerability Mishaps 115 7.1.4 Managed Services 115 7.1.5 Self-service 116 7.2 Bug Management 116 7.2.1 Vulnerability Priority 116 7.2.2 Vulnerability Examples 117 7.2.2.1 Reflected XSS on a login portal 117 Report and Triage 117 Validation 117 7.2.2.2 Open redirect vulnerability 117 Report and Triage 117 Validation 118 7.2.2.3 Leaked internal Structured Query Language (SQL) server credentials 118 Report and Triage 118 Validation 118 7.3 Answers 118 7.3.1 Vulnerability Rating-test Summary 119 7.3.1.1 Reflected XSS in a login portal 118 7.3.1.2 Open redirect vulnerability 118 7.3.1.3 Leaked internal SQL server credentials 118 7.3.2 Complexity vs Rating 119 7.3.3 Projected Ratings 120 7.3.4 Ticketing and Internal SLA 120 7.3.4.1 Creating Tickets 120 8 Vulnerability Disclosure Information 123 8.1 Understanding Public Disclosure 123 8.1.1 Making the Decision 123 8.1.1.1 Private Programs 123 The Bottom Line 124 8.1.1.2 Public Programs 125 The Bottom Line 126 8.2 CVE Responsibility 126 8.2.1 What are CVEs? 126 8.2.2 Program Manager Responsibilities 126 8.2.3 Hardware CVEs 126 8.2.4 Software and Product CVEs 128 8.2.5 Third-party CVEs 128 8.3 Submission Options 130 8.3.1 In-house Submissions 130 8.3.2 Program Managed Submissions and Hands-off Submissions 130 8.3.2.1 Program Managed Submissions 130 8.3.2.2 Hands-off Submissions 131 Part 5 Internal and External Communication 133 9 Development and Application Security Collaboration 135 9.1 Key Role Differences 135 9.1.1 Application Security Engineer 135 9.1.2 Development 135 9.2 Facing a Ticking Clock 136 9.3 Meaningful Vulnerability Reporting 136 9.4 Communicating Expectations 137 9.5 Pushback, Escalations, and Exceptions 138 9.5.1 Internal steps 138 9.5.2 External steps 139 9.5.2 Escalations 139 9.5.3 Summary 140 9.6 Continuous Accountability 141 9.6.1 Tracking 141 9.6.2 Missed Deadlines 141 10 Hacker and Program Interaction Essentials 143 10.1 Understanding the Hacker 143 10.1.1 Money, Ethics, or Both? 143 10.1.2 Case Study Analysis 145 10.2 Invalidating False Positives 145 10.2.1 Intake Process and Breaking the News 145 10.2.2 Dealing with a Toxic Hacker 147 10.3 Managed Program Considerations 147 10.4 In-house Programs 148 10.5 Blackmail or Possible Threat Actor 151 10.6 Public Threats or Disclosure 151 10.7 Program Warning Messages 153 10.8 Threat Actor or Security Researcher? 153 10.9 Messaging Researchers 155 10.9.1 Security Researcher Interviews 155 10.9.2 Bug Bounty Program Manager Interviews 159 10.10 Summary 164 Part 6 Assessments and Expansions 165 11 Internal Assessments 167 11.1 Introduction to Internal Assessments 167 11.2 Proactive Vs Reactive Testing 167 11.3 Passive Assessments 168 11.3.1 Shodan 168 11.3.1.1 Using Shodan 168 11.3.2 Amass/crt.sh 171 11.3.2.1 Amass 172 11.3.2.2 crt.sh 173 11.4 Active Assessments 173 11.4.1 nmapAutomator.sh 173 11.4.2 Sn1per 175 11.4.3 Owasp Zap 175 11.4.4 Dalfox 177 11.4.5 Dirsearch 179 11.5 Passive/Active Summary 180 11.6 Additional Considerations: Professional Testing and Third-Party Risk 180 12 Expanding Scope 181 12.1 Communicating with the Team 181 12.2 Costs of Expansion 182 12.3 When to Expand Scope 182 12.4 Alternatives to Scope Expansion 183 12.5 Managing Expansion 183 13 Public Release 185 13.1 Understanding the Public Program 185 13.2 The “Right” Time 185 13.3 Recommended Release 186 13.3.1 Requirements 186 13.4 Rolling Backwards 186 13.5 Summary 187 Index 189

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Book SynopsisPrepare for success on the challenging CASP+ CAS-004 exam Inthe newly updated Second Edition ofCASP+ CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Practice Tests Exam CAS-004,accomplished cybersecurityexpertNadean Tannerdeliversan extensive collection of CASP+preparation materials, including hundreds of domain-by-domain test questions and two additional practice exams. Prepare for the new CAS-004 exam, as well asa new career in advanced cybersecurity, with Sybex's proven approach tocertification success.You'll get ready for the exam, to impressyour next interviewer, and excel at your first cybersecurity job. This book includes: Comprehensive coverage of allexam CAS-004 objectivedomains, including security architecture, operations, engineering, cryptography, and governance, risk, and complianceIn-depthpreparation for test success with 1000 practice exam questionsAccess to the Sybex interactive learning environment and online test bank Perfect for anyone studying for the CASP+ Exam CAS-004,CASP+ CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Practice Tests Exam CAS-004is also an ideal resource for anyone with IT security experience who seeks to brush up on their skillset or seek a valuable new CASP+ certification.Table of ContentsIntroduction xix Chapter 1 Security Architecture 1 Chapter 2 Security Operations 61 Chapter 3 Security Engineering and Cryptography 123 Chapter 4 Governance, Risk, and Compliance 175 Chapter 5 Practice Test 1 207 Chapter 6 Practice Test 2 227 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 247 Chapter 1: Security Architecture 248 Chapter 2: Security Operations 278 Chapter 3: Security Engineering and Cryptography 308 Chapter 4: Governance, Risk, and Compliance 333 Chapter 5: Practice Test 1 346 Chapter 6: Practice Test 2 353 Index 363

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Book SynopsisMaster CEH v11 and identify your weak spots CEH: Certified Ethical Hacker Version11Practice Testsare the ideal preparation for this high-stakes exam. Five complete, unique practice tests are designed to help you identify weak spots in your understanding, so you can direct your preparation efforts efficiently and gain the confidenceand skillsyou need to pass. These tests cover allsectionsections of the examblueprint, allowing you to test your knowledge ofBackground,Analysis/Assessment, Security, Tools/Systems/Programs, Procedures/Methodology, Regulation/Policy, and Ethics. Coverage aligns with CEH version11, including materialto test your knowledge ofreconnaissance and scanning,cloud, tablet, and mobileand wirelesssecurity and attacks, the latest vulnerabilities, and the new emphasis on Internet of Things (IoT). The exams are designed to familiarize CEH candidates with the test format, allowing them to become more comfortableapply their knowledge and skills in a high-pressure test setting. The ideal companion for the SybexCEH v11 Study Guide, this book is an invaluable tool for anyone aspiring to thishighly-regardedcertification. Offered by the International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants, the Certified Ethical Hacker certification is unique in the penetration testingsphere, andrequires preparation specific to the CEH exam more than general IT security knowledge. This book of practice tests help you steer your study where it needs to go by giving you a glimpse of exam day while there's still time to prepare. Practice allsevensections of the CEH v11 examTest your knowledge of security, tools, procedures, and regulationsGauge your understanding ofvulnerabilities and threatsMaster the material well in advance of exam day By getting inside the mind ofan attacker, you gain a one-of-a-kind perspective that dramatically boosts your marketability and advancement potential. If you're ready to attempt this unique certification, the CEH: Certified Ethical Hacker Version 11 Practice Tests are the major preparation tool you should not be without.Table of ContentsIntroduction vi Chapter 1 Practice Test 1 1 Chapter 2 Practice Test 2 27 Chapter 3 Practice Test 3 55 Chapter 4 Practice Test 4 81 Chapter 5 Practice Test 5 107 Appendix Answers to Practice Tests 133 Chapter 1: Practice Test 1 134 Chapter 2: Practice Test 2 145 Chapter 3: Practice Test 3 157 Chapter 4: Practice Test 4 169 Chapter 5: Practice Test 5 180 Index 191

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsForeword: Navigating the Cybersecurity Career Path xv Introduction xvii Part I Arriving in Security 1 Chapter 1 How Do You Become a Security Professional? 3 Create Your Story 8 So, You Want to Work in Security 13 What’s Next? 16 Chapter 2 Why Security? 19 What Kind of People Do Security? 21 What Is Your Why? 24 What’s Next? 28 Chapter 3 Where Can I Begin? 29 What Does It Mean to Be a Security Professional? 32 How Can You Make Sense of It All? 35 What’s Next? 39 Chapter 4 What Training Should I Take? 41 For the Traditional Student 43 For the Nontraditional Student 44 For the Full-Time Nonsecurity Worker 45 Other Things to Consider 46 What’s Next? 51 Chapter 5 What Skills Should I Have? 53 The Entry Point —Technology 55 Professional Skills 59 What’s Next? 66 Chapter 6 Is My Résumé Okay? 67 Linking the Résumé to the Job Posting 70 Elements of a Résumé 71 Digital Presence 77 References 78 Cover Letters 79 What’s Next? 80 Chapter 7 Trying with Little Success? 81 Physical Location 85 Your Company 85 Get Specific 86 Know Your Market 88 Assess Your Efforts So Far 89 But I’m Doing All Those Things! 91 What’s Next? 92 Part II Thriving in Security 93 Chapter 8 How Do I Keep Up? 97 Fitting It Into Your Schedule 99 Ad Hoc and Planned Learning 102 Take a Mini-Sabbatical 103 Where Do I Find the Information? 103 What’s Next? 105 Chapter 9 How Can I Manage Security Stress? 107 The Stress of Working in Security 109 Managing Security Stress 113 What’s Next? 118 Chapter 10 How Can I Succeed as a Minority? 119 Making Security Work for You 124 What’s Next? 128 Chapter 11 How Can I Progress? 129 The Security Journey 131 The Opportunist 132 The Intentional Career Seeker 136 How to Get Promoted 139 What’s Next? 141 Chapter 12 Should I Manage People? 143 Leadership and Management 145 Preparing for Your Next Role 150 What’s Next? 152 Chapter 13 How Can I Deal with Impostor Syndrome? 153 Fact-Check Your Inner Monologue 157 Know Competence and Incompetence 158 Know When to Ask for Help 159 Keep Learning and Know When Enough Is Enough 160 Keep Track of Your Successes 161 What’s Next? 162 Chapter 14 How Can I Know If It’s Time to Move On? 163 Are You Happy Where You Are? 165 Have You Done All You Wanted to Do? 166 Have You Learned All You Wanted? 167 What Are Your Long-Term Goals? 168 Are You Being Pigeonholed? 169 Do You Fit Into the Culture? 170 Job Hopping 171 Are the Other Options Better than Your Current Job? 172 What’s Next? 173 Part III Leading Security 175 Chapter 15 Where Do I Start? 179 What’s on Fire? 180 What Is Your Timeline to Act? 181 Who Are Your Partners? 182 Find the Strengths and Note the Weaknesses 183 Draw the Business Risk Picture 184 Do You Have a Mandate? 185 What’s Next? 186 Chapter 16 How Do I Manage Security Strategically? 187 Consider Your Industry 190 Know Your Business Priorities 191 Be Pragmatic 193 Address Stakeholder Pain Points 194 Threats and Vulnerabilities 195 Rinse and Repeat 197 Putting It Together 198 What’s Next? 200 Chapter 17 How Do I Build a Team? 201 It Is About the How 203 Things to Consider 207 Identify Important Things 209 Identify Areas of Weakness 211 Discontinuing a Function 212 Building New Functions 213 What’s Next? 215 Chapter 18 How Do I Write a Job Posting? 217 The Challenge of Job Postings 220 What’s Next? 225 Chapter 19 How Do I Encourage Diversity? 227 Start with Numbers 229 Understand Your Cultural Issues 230 Attracting Diverse Talent 232 Writing the Job Description and Posting 234 The Interviewing Process 235 Retaining Diverse Talent 236 Promotions and Career Development 237 Leaving the Team 239 What’s Next? 239 Chapter 20 How Do I Manage Up? 241 Who Are Senior Stakeholders? 242 Help Them Understand Security 246 When Things Go Wrong 250 What’s Next? 251 Chapter 21 How Do I Fund My Program? 253 Funding a Team 255 Funding a Program 256 The Big Ask 260 What’s Next? 261 Chapter 22 How Do I Talk About My Security Program? 263 What Story Should I Tell? 264 Telling Stories 271 What’s Next? 273 Chapter 23 What Is My Legacy? 275 Making an Impact on the Industry 277 Making an Impact on Your Company 281 What’s Next? 283 Epilogue 285 Appendix: Resources 287 About the Author 291 Acknowledgments 293 Index 295

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Book SynopsisSECURITY TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Explains how the latest technologies can advance policing and security, identify threats, and defend citizens from crime and terrorism Security Technologies and Social Implications focuses on the development and application of new technologies that police and homeland security officers can leverage as a tool for both predictive and intelligence-led investigations. The book recommends the best practices for incorporation of these technologies into day-to-day activities by law enforcement agencies and counter-terrorism units. Practically, it addresses legal, technological, and organizational challenges (e.g. resource limitation and privacy concerns) combined with challenges related to the adoption of innovative technologies. In contrast to classic tools, modern policing and security requires the development and implementation of new technologies using AI, machine learning, social media tracking, drones, robots, GIS, computer vision, and moTable of ContentsThe circle of change: technology impact on LEAs Data Protection Impact Assessments in Law Enforcement: Identifying and Mitigating Risks in Algorithmic Policing Methods of Stakeholder Engagement for the Co-Design of Security Technologies Performance Assessment of Soft biometrics technologies for border crossing Counter-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems: Technical, Training and Regulatory Challenges Critical Infrastructure security using Computer Vision Technologies Evaluation of Content Fusion Algorithms for Large and Heterogeneous Datasets Stakeholder Engagement Model to facilitate the uptake by end-users of Crisis Communication Systems CRIME MAPPING IN CRIME ANALYSIS – THE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PAST TWO DECADES The Threat of Behavioural Radicalization Online: Conceptual Challenges and Technical Solutions Provided by the PROPHETS (Preventing Radicalization Online through the Proliferation of Harmonized ToolkitS) Project Blockchain technologies for chain of custody authentication Chances and challenges of predictive policing for law enforcement agencies Conclusions

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisIntended for advanced level students in computer science and mathematics, this key text, now in a brand new edition, provides a survey of recent progress in primality testing and integer factorization, with implications for factoring based public key cryptography.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition:"The well-written and self-contained second edition ‘is designed for a professional audience composed of researchers practitioners in industry.’ In addition, ‘this book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science, mathematics, and engineering,’ as it contains about 300 problems. … Overall … ‘this monograph provides a survey of recent progress in Primality Testing and Integer Factorization, with implications in factoring-based Public Key Cryptography.’" (Hao Wang, ACM Computing Reviews, April, 2009)“This is the second edition of a book originally published in 2004. … I used it as a reference in preparing lectures for an advanced cryptography course for undergraduates, and it proved to be a wonderful source for a general description of the algorithms. … the book will be a valuable addition to any good reference library on cryptography and number theory … . It contains descriptions of all the main algorithms, together with explanations of the key ideas behind them.” (S. C. Coutinho, SIGACT News, April, 2012)Table of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition.- Preface to the First Edition.- Number-Theoretic Preliminaries.- Problems in Number Theory. Divisibility Properties. Euclid's Algorithm and Continued Fractions. Arithmetic Functions. Linear Congruences. Quadratic Congruences. Primitive Roots and Power Residues. Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves. Chapter Notes and Further Reading.- Primality Testing and Prime Generation.- Computing with Numbers and Curves. Riemann Zeta and Dirichlet L Functions. Rigorous Primality Tests. Compositeness and Pseudoprimality Tests. Lucas Pseudoprimality Test. Elliptic Curve Primality Tests. Superpolynomial-Time Tests. Polynomial-Time Tests. Primality Tests for Special Numbers. Prime Number Generation. Chapter Notes and Further Reading.- Integer Factorization and Discrete Logarithms.- Introduction. Simple Factoring Methods. Elliptic Curve Method (ECM). General Factoring Congruence. Continued FRACtion Method (CFRAC). Quadratic Sieve (QS). Number Field Sieve (NFS). Quantum Factoring Algorithm. Discrete Logarithms. kth Roots. Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithms. Chapter Notes and Further Reading.- Number-Theoretic Cryptography.- Public-Key Cryptography. RSA Cryptosystem. Rabin Cryptography. Quadratic Residuosity Cryptography. Discrete Logarithm Cryptography. Elliptic Curve Cryptography. Zero-Knowledge Techniques. Deniable Authentication. Non-Factoring Based Cryptography. Chapter Notes and Further Reading.- Bibliography.- Index.- About the Author.

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Book SynopsisWhile other books have documented the development of public key cryptograpy, this is the first to provide a comprehensive insiders’ perspective on the full impacts of public key cryptography, including six original chapters by nine distiguished scholars.

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Book SynopsisWe are at the threshold of a new area of the internet that promises to transform the way we engage financially and take the power of data and privacy back from big corporations and give it to the individual through decentralization. This is sometimes called Web 3.0. While Web 1.0 transformed information sharing and commerce and brought us giants like Google and Amazon and Web 2.0 unlocked the social potential of the internet and created Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, exactly what will come of Web 3.0 remains to be seen. It is indisputable that the seed of Web 3.0 is the technological, social, and economic innovations that came together in Bitcoin and the blockchain technology it created. But where the first web iterations were relatively straightforward to understand, the inner workings of Web 3.0 remain more opaque and shrouded in mystique. Current voices on Bitcoin and the blockchain revolution fall squarely into one of two camps; either technological experts who are all also invTable of ContentsIntroduction Part 1 - Genealogy of bitcoin technology The technological developments leading to bitcoin. This part is a technological history that reviews the technological developments that Bitcoin builds on. There are a few strands that developed more or less independently that combine into Bitcoin. Once they are explained it is possible to give a deeper explanation of how Bitcoin works. This understanding will inform the remaining parts of the book. Chapter 1: Cryptography The purpose of cryptography is to keep information private by preserving confidentiality, integrity and access to it. Public private key encryption Hashing Zero knowledge proof Chapter 2: Virtual Money In this chapter we will go into the history of electronic or virtual money before bitcoin. Digicash E gold Bitgold b Money Hash cash Chapter 3: Peer-to-peer technology The internet of today is a centralized type of computing working through a number of web servers that function in a hierarchy. Properties of p2p networks Discovering a peer Secure sharing File Sharing from Napster to BitTorrent Chapter 4: Proof of work An inherent problem with the networked world is that accessing and processing information is essentially free, which makes certain types of disruptive behavior easy, which we see in denial of service attacks, spam mail and robocalling. This brings new problems that did not exist when it cost significant money to send a letter, read a paper or book or make a phone call. DDoS Spam Money transactions Chapter 5: Public record Since the time of the code of Hammurabi, the purpose of a public record has been clear: to establish indisputable truth. While this is seemingly the opposite of the privacy and confidentiality entailed by cryptography it serves the purpose of making information shared and immutable. Historical technologies of public record The purpose of public records The accounting revolution and the development of ledgers, double entry bookkeeping to triple entry bookkeeping Chapter 6: Bitcoin From the previous chapters we are now able to piece together how bitcoin and the block chain works. Virtual money - The Bitcoin Encrypting for privacy - The Wallet Public record - The Blockchain Peer to peer network - The Miners Proof of work - Transactions (cryptographic proof and the consensus algorithm) Part 2 - Still searching for Satoshi - who is the historical Satoshi Nakamoto? Much writing about Bitcoin has focused on who the historical person or persons behind Satoshi Nakamoto is. This part will apply a historical critical perspective to this question and sift through the evidence in order to create a better understanding of what we can and cannot say about the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto. Chapter 7: Who dunnit? A review of previous identifications of the person behind Satoshi. This has previously taken the shape of investigative journalism in the style of true crime reporting Joshua Davis, The New Yorker 2011 Adam Penenberg, Fast Company 2011 Alec Liu, Vice 2013 John Markoff, New York Times 2013 Andy Greenberg, Forbes 2014 Leah McGrath Goodman, Newsweek 2014 Skye Grey, blog 2014 Dominic Frisby, Bitcoin the future of money 2014 Nathaniel Popper, New York Time 2015 Andy Greenberg, Gwern Branwen, Wired 2015 Sam Biddle, Gizmodo 2015 Izabella Kasminska, Financial Times 2016 Evan Ratliff, Wired 2019 Other sources - twitter, youtube, tv Chapter 8: Ad fontes-What do the sources say? By focusing on the sources we are able to extract a number of key characteristics to look for: Historical analysis - establishes a couple of key points for historical analysis The bitcoin whitepaper - the most crucial piece of evidence The forums - the p2p forum and later the bitcoin forum are sources where Satoshi discussed with peers about bitcoin The code - the code in itself may also contain clues The blockchain - the record of transactions also provides an insight into the origin of bitcoin Summary - what can the sources tell us? Chapter 9: Motives What were the motives behind the creation of bitcoin Ideology - what can be said about the ideology of the author based on extant sources? Why the synonym? - what could be the reason for the initial and continued secrecy surrounding the inventor? Summary - why did the inventor invent bitcoin and in this particular way? Chapter 10: The social network of early bitcoin Who were the people involved in the beginning of Bitcoin p2p forum communication Bitcoin forum communication Blockchain transactions Summary - what can we learn from looking at the bitcoin initial network Chapter 11: The usual suspects? Rather than pointing definitively to one or another suspect we will try to integrate the knowledge we have gained with the list of known suspects. An evaluation framework - developing an evaluation framework against which to measure the likelihood of any candidate being Satoshi Nakamoto Prime suspects - the suspects that have gained most attention · Hal Finney · Nick Szabo · Dorian Sakamoto · Craig Wright and David Kleiman · Paul Leroux Secondary suspects - suspects that have gained some attention · Vili Lehdonum and Michael Clear · Neal King, Vladimir Oksman, Charles Bry · Hal Finney, Nick Szabo and Adam Back · Shinichi Mochizuki · Ross Ulbricht · Adam Back · Gavin Andresen · Jed McCaleb · Elon Musk · Len Sassaman · Someone else A new primary suspect - as in the movie The Usual Suspects, careful analysis points towards a surprising suspect who is not in the primary field of suspects. Part 3 - Bitcoin in context How is bitcoin viewed in the wider context of human civilization? Bitcoin does not exist in a technological bubble addressing only technological issues. It is firmly situated in a web of themes that are and have been central to human civilization. This may account for its notoriety but needs to be put in context. Chapter 12: Money Since prehistoric times humans have engaged in exchange. This falls in a continuum from barter, through intermediaries as cowry shells, gold and silver coins to purely symbolic means of exchange. The history of money Medium of exchange Unit of account Standard of deferred payment Store of value Types of money · Commodity · Representative money · Fiat · Digital money · Deposits The politics of money Money as a bridge between domains of value Chapter 13: Ownership Proving that you own something has been a central feature of human societies for millenia and disputes have fueled more than its share of violence and conflict. Owners · Private · Public · Corporate · Communal Property · Tangible · Intangible Establishing and policing ownership · National · Transnational Chapter 14: Social organization Human societies have always been characterized by some sort of social organization. The different options have been debated since classical antiquity. This chapter will take a look at the space of social organization and narrow it down to the particular types associated with bitcoin and blockchain. An ancient discussion: Monarchy, Oligarchy and Democracy - and anarchy Centralization vs decentralization Types of social organization in human groups Open source Cypher punks Chapter 15: Religion A rarely debated issue are the religious aspects surrounding Bitcoin and the blockchain movement. But these aspects are nothing new when it comes to human cultures. Understanding this helps explain a lot of the seemingly strange behavior of bitcoin believers without claiming that Bitcoin is an actual religion. The prophet - Satoshi Nakamoto Sacred scriptures- The Bitcoin whitepaper and the forum posts Believers and heathens Cargo cults Millenarianism Part 4 - Blockchain and the future Where can blockchain technology be applied? Where, if anywhere, might we see cryptocurrencies and the blockchain in the future and how might it affect our lives? A case could be made that we are only in the beginning phases of the blockchain now, sometimes called Web3, where the worst of the teething problems are gone and the wild west ethos is receding. Where not to use blockchain - First let us consider a number of areas where blockchain is currently suggested that might not be particularly relevant. Parameters to be tweaked - Bitcoin was the first version of blockchain technology and certain choices were made. But subsequent and future blockchains need not make the same choices. We need to understand how this can be done in order to ascertain the future utility of the blockchain. Transaction speed Energy consumption Degree of centralization Public availability Mining rewards Banking - even though Bitcoin at its outset was antithetical to the banking industry there are particularly good use cases here. Payment - bitcoin may not in itself have been very successful as a payments solution so far but there is no reason why another cryptocurrency will not be. Current payment systems are slow and expensive compared to what the blockchain can offer. International payments Remittance Peer to peer payments Micropayments Certification - building on the ability to serve as a public record there are good reasons that a blockchain can serve as a public record for information about ownership NFTs Real estate Media Contracts - the ability to establish indisputable truth makes it possible to build contracts that automatically execute according to some logic. This can be used for escrow services and delivery of other services as well as insurance. Regulatory compliance - the immutability of the blockchain makes it good for a great number of use cases where fraud has previously been an issue Forensics - the public nature of the blockchain makes it a valuable tool for law enforcement, especially international law enforcement, which has already proven its worth in a number of high profile cases. Supply chain - the blockchain is well suited for keeping track of things movement across time and place. Health - keeping track of health trackers and personal health records could be done on a blockchain Government - in government there are also areas where blockchain may be useful Special purpose tokens Voting Identity Glossary Key concepts described

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