Data encryption Books

Book SynopsisThe two-volume set LNCS 11442 and 11443 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd IACR International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Public-Key Cryptography, PKC 2019, held in Beijing, China, in April 2019. The 42 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 173 submissions. They are organized in topical sections such as: Cryptographic Protocols; Digital Signatures; Zero-Knowledge; Identity-Based Encryption; Fundamental Primitives; Public Key Encryptions; Functional Encryption; Obfuscation Based Cryptography; Re- Encryption Schemes; Post Quantum Cryptography.​Table of ContentsCryptographic Protocols.- Digital Signatures.- Zero-Knowledge.- Identity-Based Encryption.- Fundamental Primitives.- Public Key Encryptions.- Functional Encryption.-Obfuscation Based Cryptography.- Re- Encryption Schemes.- Post Quantum Cryptography.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications, CARDIS 2021, which took place in November 2021. The conference took place in Lübeck, Germany, and changed to a hybrid format due to the COVID-19 pandemic.The 16 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named Side-Channel Attacks, Fault Attacks, Public Key and Secure Implementations. Table of ContentsSide-Channel Attacks.- Fault Attacks.- Public Key.- Secure Implementations.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Workshop, IWDW 2022, held in Guilin, China, during November 18-19, 2022. The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Steganology, Forensics and Security Analysis, Watermarking.Table of ContentsSteganology.- High-Performance Steganographic Coding Based on Sub-Polarized Channel.- High-Capacity Adaptive Steganography Based on Transform Coefficient for HEVC.- Forensics and Security Analysis.- SE-ResNet56: Robust Network Model for Deepfake Detection.- Voice Conversion Using Learnable Similarity-Guided Masked Autoencoder.- Visual Explanations for Exposing Potential Inconsistency of Deepfakes.- Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks through Both Front and Rear Vector Method.- Manipulated Face Detection and Localization Based on Semantic Segmentation.- Deep Learning Image Age Approximation - What is more Relevant: Image Content or Age Information?.- Watermarking.- Physical Anti-Copying Semi-Robust Random Watermarking for QR Code.- Robust and Imperceptible Watermarking Scheme for GWAS Data Traceability.- Adaptive Robust Watermarking Method Based on Deep Neural Networks.- Adaptive Despread Spectrum-Based Image Watermarking for Fast Product Tracking.- Reversible Data Hiding via Arranging Blocks of Bit-Planes in Encrypted Images.- High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding for Encrypted 3D Mesh Models Based on Topology.

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Book SynopsisCryptography has proven to be one of the most contentious areas in modern society. For some it protects the rights of individuals to privacy and security, while for others it puts up barriers against the protection of our society. This book aims to develop a deep understanding of cryptography, and provide a way of understanding how privacy, identity provision and integrity can be enhanced with the usage of encryption. The book has many novel features including:full provision of Web-based material on almost every topic coveredprovision of additional on-line material, such as videos, source code, and labscoverage of emerging areas such as Blockchain, Light-weight Cryptography and Zero-knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)Key areas covered include:Fundamentals of EncryptionPublic Key EncryptionSymmetric Key EncryptionHashing MethodsKey Exchange MethodsDigital Certificates and AuthenticationTunnelingCrypto CrackingLight-weight CryptographyBlockchainZero-knowledge ProofsThis book provides extensive support through the associated website of: http://asecuritysite.com/encryptionTable of Contents1. Ciphers and Fundamentals 2. Secret Key Encryption 3. Hashing 4. Public Key 5. Key Exchange 6. Authentication and Digital Certificates 7. Tunneling 8. Crypto Cracking 9. Light-weight Cryptography 10. Blockchain 11. Zero Knowledge 12. Wifi

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Book SynopsisOffering graduate students with the necessary theoretical tools for applying algebraic geometry to information theory, this title covers primary applications in coding theory and cryptography. It includes a discussion of the interplay between nonsingular projective curves and algebraic function fields over finite fields.Trade Review"Coding theory has a rapidly growing corpus of knowledge, and now appears explicitly in several classifications in the MSC. [This] book ... is certainly an important addition to the literature in this area and a serious candidate for becoming one of the standard textbooks in related courses."--Cicero Carvalho, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1: Finite Fields and Function Fields 1 1.1 Structure of Finite Fields 1 1.2 Algebraic Closure of Finite Fields 4 1.3 Irreducible Polynomials 7 1.4 Trace and Norm 9 1.5 Function Fields of One Variable 12 1.6 Extensions of Valuations 25 1.7 Constant Field Extensions 27 Chapter 2: Algebraic Varieties 30 2.1 Affine and Projective Spaces 30 2.2 Algebraic Sets 37 2.3 Varieties 44 2.4 Function Fields of Varieties 50 2.5 Morphisms and Rational Maps 56 Chapter 3: Algebraic Curves 68 3.1 Nonsingular Curves 68 3.2 Maps Between Curves 76 3.3 Divisors 80 3.4 Riemann-Roch Spaces 84 3.5 Riemann's Theorem and Genus 87 3.6 The Riemann-Roch Theorem 89 3.7 Elliptic Curves 95 3.8 Summary: Curves and Function Fields 104 Chapter 4: Rational Places 105 4.1 Zeta Functions 105 4.2 The Hasse-Weil Theorem 115 4.3 Further Bounds and Asymptotic Results 122 4.4 Character Sums 127 Chapter 5: Applications to Coding Theory 147 5.1 Background on Codes 147 5.2 Algebraic-Geometry Codes 151 5.3 Asymptotic Results 155 5.4 NXL and XNL Codes 174 5.5 Function-Field Codes 181 5.6 Applications of Character Sums 187 5.7 Digital Nets 192 Chapter 6: Applications to Cryptography 206 6.1 Background on Cryptography 206 6.2 Elliptic-Curve Cryptosystems 210 6.3 Hyperelliptic-Curve Cryptography 214 6.4 Code-Based Public-Key Cryptosystems 218 6.5 Frameproof Codes 223 6.6 Fast Arithmetic in Finite Fields 233 A Appendix 241 A.1 Topological Spaces 241 A.2 Krull Dimension 244 A.3 Discrete Valuation Rings 245 Bibliography 249 Index 257

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xvii Acknowledgment xxvii 1 A Comprehensive Study of Security Issues and Research Challenges in Different Layers of Service-Oriented IoT Architecture 1 Ankur O. Bang, Udai Pratap Rao and Amit A. Bhusari 1.1 Introduction and Related Work 2 1.2 IoT: Evolution, Applications and Security Requirements 4 1.2.1 IoT and Its Evolution 5 1.2.2 Different Applications of IoT 5 1.2.3 Different Things in IoT 7 1.2.4 Security Requirements in IoT 8 1.3 Service-Oriented IoT Architecture and IoT Protocol Stack 10 1.3.1 Service-Oriented IoT Architecture 10 1.3.2 IoT Protocol Stack 11 1.3.2.1 Application Layer Protocols 12 1.3.2.2 Transport Layer Protocols 13 1.3.2.3 Network Layer Protocols 15 1.3.2.4 Link Layer and Physical Layer Protocols 16 1.4 Anatomy of Attacks on Service-Oriented IoT Architecture 24 1.4.1 Attacks on Software Service 24 1.4.1.1 Operating System–Level Attacks 24 1.4.1.2 Application-Level Attacks 25 1.4.1.3 Firmware-Level Attacks 25 1.4.2 Attacks on Devices 26 1.4.3 Attacks on Communication Protocols 26 1.4.3.1 Attacks on Application Layer Protocols 26 1.4.3.2 Attacks on Transport Layer Protocols 28 1.4.3.3 Attacks on Network Layer Protocols 28 1.4.3.4 Attacks on Link and Physical Layer Protocols 30 1.5 Major Security Issues in Service-Oriented IoT Architecture 31 1.5.1 Application – Interface Layer 32 1.5.2 Service Layer 33 1.5.3 Network Layer 33 1.5.4 Sensing Layer 34 1.6 Conclusion 35 References 36 2 Quantum and Post-Quantum Cryptography 45 Om Pal, Manoj Jain, B.K. Murthy and Vinay Thakur 2.1 Introduction 46 2.2 Security of Modern Cryptographic Systems 46 2.2.1 Classical and Quantum Factoring of A Large Number 47 2.2.2 Classical and Quantum Search of An Item 49 2.3 Quantum Key Distribution 49 2.3.1 BB84 Protocol 50 2.3.1.1 Proposed Key Verification Phase for BB84 51 2.3.2 E91 Protocol 51 2.3.3 Practical Challenges of Quantum Key Distribution 52 2.3.4 Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol 53 2.4 Post-Quantum Digital Signature 53 2.4.1 Signatures Based on Lattice Techniques 54 2.4.2 Signatures Based on Multivariate Quadratic Techniques 55 2.4.3 Hash-Based Signature Techniques 55 2.5 Conclusion and Future Directions 55 References 56 3 Artificial Neural Network Applications in Analysis of Forensic Science 59 K.R. Padma and K.R. Don 3.1 Introduction 60 3.2 Digital Forensic Analysis Knowledge 61 3.3 Answer Set Programming in Digital Investigations 61 3.4 Data Science Processing with Artificial Intelligence Models 63 3.5 Pattern Recognition Techniques 63 3.6 ANN Applications 65 3.7 Knowledge on Stages of Digital Forensic Analysis 65 3.8 Deep Learning and Modelling 67 3.9 Conclusion 68 References 69 4 A Comprehensive Survey of Fully Homomorphic Encryption from Its Theory to Applications 73 Rashmi Salavi, Dr. M. M. Math and Dr. U. P. Kulkarni 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Homomorphic Encryption Techniques 76 4.2.1 Partial Homomorphic Encryption Schemes 77 4.2.2 Fully Homomorphic Encryption Schemes 78 4.3 Homomorphic Encryption Libraries 79 4.4 Computations on Encrypted Data 83 4.5 Applications of Homomorphic Encryption 85 4.6 Conclusion 86 References 87 5 Understanding Robotics through Synthetic Psychology 91 Garima Saini and Dr. Shabnam 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Physical Capabilities of Robots 92 5.2.1 Artificial Intelligence and Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) 93 5.2.2 Social Skill Development and Activity Engagement 93 5.2.3 Autism Spectrum Disorders 93 5.2.4 Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Dementia 94 5.2.5 Improving Psychosocial Outcomes through Robotics 94 5.2.6 Clients with Disabilities and Robotics 94 5.2.7 Ethical Concerns and Robotics 95 5.3 Traditional Psychology, Neuroscience and Future Robotics 95 5.4 Synthetic Psychology and Robotics: A Vision of the Future 97 5.5 Synthetic Psychology: The Foresight 98 5.6 Synthetic Psychology and Mathematical Optimization 99 5.7 Synthetic Psychology and Medical Diagnosis 99 5.7.1 Virtual Assistance and Robotics 100 5.7.2 Drug Discovery and Robotics 100 5.8 Conclusion 101 References 101 6 An Insight into Digital Forensics: History, Frameworks, Types and Tools 105 G Maria Jones and S Godfrey Winster 6.1 Overview 105 6.2 Digital Forensics 107 6.2.1 Why Do We Need Forensics Process? 107 6.2.2 Forensics Process Principles 108 6.3 Digital Forensics History 108 6.3.1 1985 to 1995 108 6.3.2 1995 to 2005 109 6.3.3 2005 to 2015 110 6.4 Evolutionary Cycle of Digital Forensics 111 6.4.1 Ad Hoc 111 6.4.2 Structured Phase 111 6.4.3 Enterprise Phase 112 6.5 Stages of Digital Forensics Process 112 6.5.1 Stage 1 - 1995 to 2003 112 6.5.2 Stage II - 2004 to 2007 113 6.5.3 Stage III - 2007 to 2014 114 6.6 Types of Digital Forensics 115 6.6.1 Cloud Forensics 116 6.6.2 Mobile Forensics 116 6.6.3 IoT Forensics 116 6.6.4 Computer Forensics 117 6.6.5 Network Forensics 117 6.6.6 Database Forensics 118 6.7 Evidence Collection and Analysis 118 6.8 Digital Forensics Tools 119 6.8.1 X-Ways Forensics 119 6.8.2 SANS Investigative Forensics Toolkit – SIFT 119 6.8.3 EnCase 119 6.8.4 The Sleuth Kit/Autopsy 122 6.8.5 Oxygen Forensic Suite 122 6.8.6 Xplico 122 6.8.7 Computer Online Forensic Evidence Extractor (COFEE) 122 6.8.8 Cellebrite UFED 122 6.8.9 OSForeniscs 123 6.8.10 Computer-Aided Investigative Environment (CAINE) 123 6.9 Summary 123 References 123 7 Digital Forensics as a Service: Analysis for Forensic Knowledge 127 Soumi Banerjee, Anita Patil, Dipti Jadhav and Gautam Borkar 7.1 Introduction 127 7.2 Objective 128 7.3 Types of Digital Forensics 129 7.3.1 Network Forensics 129 7.3.2 Computer Forensics 142 7.3.3 Data Forensics 147 7.3.4 Mobile Forensics 149 7.3.5 Big Data Forensics 154 7.3.6 IoT Forensics 155 7.3.7 Cloud Forensics 157 7.4 Conclusion 161 References 161 8 4S Framework: A Practical CPS Design Security Assessment & Benchmarking Framework 163 Neel A. Patel, Dhairya A. Parekh, Yash A. Shah and Ramchandra Mangrulkar 8.1 Introduction 164 8.2 Literature Review 166 8.3 Medical Cyber Physical System (MCPS) 170 8.3.1 Difference between CPS and MCPS 171 8.3.2 MCPS Concerns, Potential Threats, Security 171 8.4 CPSSEC vs. Cyber Security 172 8.5 Proposed Framework 173 8.5.1 4S Definitions 174 8.5.2 4S Framework-Based CPSSEC Assessment Process 175 8.5.3 4S Framework-Based CPSSEC Assessment Score Breakdown & Formula 181 8.6 Assessment of Hypothetical MCPS Using 4S Framework 187 8.6.1 System Description 187 8.6.2 Use Case Diagram for the Above CPS 188 8.6.3 Iteration 1 of 4S Assessment 189 8.6.4 Iteration 2 of 4S Assessment 195 8.7 Conclusion 200 8.8 Future Scope 201 References 201 9 Ensuring Secure Data Sharing in IoT Domains Using Blockchain 205 Tawseef Ahmed Teli, Rameez Yousuf and Dawood Ashraf Khan 9.1 IoT and Blockchain 205 9.1.1 Public 208 9.1.1.1 Proof of Work (PoW) 209 9.1.1.2 Proof of Stake (PoS) 209 9.1.1.3 Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) 210 9.1.2 Private 210 9.1.3 Consortium or Federated 210 9.2 IoT Application Domains and Challenges in Data Sharing 211 9.3 Why Blockchain? 214 9.4 IoT Data Sharing Security Mechanism On Blockchain 216 9.4.1 Double-Chain Mode Based On Blockchain Technology 216 9.4.2 Blockchain Structure Based On Time Stamp 217 9.5 Conclusion 219 References 219 10 A Review of Face Analysis Techniques for Conventional and Forensic Applications 223 Chethana H.T. and Trisiladevi C. Nagavi 10.1 Introduction 224 10.2 Face Recognition 225 10.2.1 Literature Review on Face Recognition 226 10.2.2 Challenges in Face Recognition 228 10.2.3 Applications of Face Recognition 229 10.3 Forensic Face Recognition 229 10.3.1 Literature Review on Face Recognition for Forensics 231 10.3.2 Challenges of Face Recognition in Forensics 233 10.3.3 Possible Datasets Used for Forensic Face Recognition 235 10.3.4 Fundamental Factors for Improving Forensics Science 235 10.3.5 Future Perspectives 237 10.4 Conclusion 238 References 238 11 Roadmap of Digital Forensics Investigation Process with Discovery of Tools 241 Anita Patil, Soumi Banerjee, Dipti Jadhav and Gautam Borkar 11.1 Introduction 242 11.2 Phases of Digital Forensics Process 244 11.2.1 Phase I - Identification 244 11.2.2 Phase II - Acquisition and Collection 245 11.2.3 Phase III - Analysis and Examination 245 11.2.4 Phase IV - Reporting 245 11.3 Analysis of Challenges and Need of Digital Forensics 246 11.3.1 Digital Forensics Process has following Challenges 246 11.3.2 Needs of Digital Forensics Investigation 247 11.3.3 Other Common Attacks Used to Commit the Crime 248 11.4 Appropriateness of Forensics Tool 248 11.4.1 Level of Skill 248 11.4.2 Outputs 252 11.4.3 Region of Emphasis 252 11.4.4 Support for Additional Hardware 252 11.5 Phase-Wise Digital Forensics Techniques 253 11.5.1 Identification 253 11.5.2 Acquisition 254 11.5.3 Analysis 256 11.5.3.1 Data Carving 257 11.5.3.2 Different Curving Techniques 259 11.5.3.3 Volatile Data Forensic Toolkit Used to Collect and Analyze the Data from Device 260 11.5.4 Report Writing 265 11.6 Pros and Cons of Digital Forensics Investigation Process 266 11.6.1 Advantages of Digital Forensics 266 11.6.2 Disadvantages of Digital Forensics 266 11.7 Conclusion 267 References 267 12 Utilizing Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Cybesecurity: An Innovative Approach 271 Dushyant Kaushik, Muskan Garg, Annu, Ankur Gupta and Sabyasachi Pramanik 12.1 Introduction 271 12.1.1 Protections of Cybersecurity 272 12.1.2 Machine Learning 274 12.1.3 Deep Learning 276 12.1.4 Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Similarities and Differences 278 12.2 Proposed Method 281 12.2.1 The Dataset Overview 282 12.2.2 Data Analysis and Model for Classification 283 12.3 Experimental Studies and Outcomes Analysis 283 12.3.1 Metrics on Performance Assessment 284 12.3.2 Result and Outcomes 285 12.3.2.1 Issue 1: Classify the Various Categories of Feedback Related to the Malevolent Code Provided 285 12.3.2.2 Issue 2: Recognition of the Various Categories of Feedback Related to the Malware Presented 286 12.3.2.3 Issue 3: According to the Malicious Code, Distinguishing Various Forms of Malware 287 12.3.2.4 Issue 4: Detection of Various Malware Styles Based on Different Responses 287 12.3.3 Discussion 288 12.4 Conclusions and Future Scope 289 References 292 13 Applications of Machine Learning Techniques in the Realm of Cybersecurity 295 Koushal Kumar and Bhagwati Prasad Pande 13.1 Introduction 296 13.2 A Brief Literature Review 298 13.3 Machine Learning and Cybersecurity: Various Issues 300 13.3.1 Effectiveness of ML Technology in Cybersecurity Systems 300 13.3.2 Machine Learning Problems and Challenges in Cybersecurity 302 13.3.2.1 Lack of Appropriate Datasets 302 13.3.2.2 Reduction in False Positives and False Negatives 302 13.3.2.3 Adversarial Machine Learning 302 13.3.2.4 Lack of Feature Engineering Techniques 303 13.3.2.5 Context-Awareness in Cybersecurity 303 13.3.3 Is Machine Learning Enough to Stop Cybercrime? 304 13.4 ML Datasets and Algorithms Used in Cybersecurity 304 13.4.1 Study of Available ML-Driven Datasets Available for Cybersecurity 304 13.4.1.1 KDD Cup 1999 Dataset (DARPA1998) 305 13.4.1.2 NSL-KDD Dataset 305 13.4.1.3 ECML-PKDD 2007 Discovery Challenge Dataset 305 13.4.1.4 Malicious URL’s Detection Dataset 306 13.4.1.5 ISOT (Information Security and Object Technology) Botnet Dataset 306 13.4.1.6 CTU-13 Dataset 306 13.4.1.7 MAWILab Anomaly Detection Dataset 307 13.4.1.8 ADFA-LD and ADFA-WD Datasets 307 13.4.2 Applications ML Algorithms in Cybersecurity Affairs 307 13.4.2.1 Clustering 309 13.4.2.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 309 13.4.2.3 Nearest Neighbor (NN) 309 13.4.2.4 Decision Tree 309 13.4.2.5 Dimensionality Reduction 310 13.5 Applications of Machine Learning in the Realm of Cybersecurity 310 13.5.1 Facebook Monitors and Identifies Cybersecurity Threats with ML 310 13.5.2 Microsoft Employs ML for Security 311 13.5.3 Applications of ML by Google 312 13.6 Conclusions 313 References 313 14 Security Improvement Technique for Distributed Control System (DCS) and Supervisory Control-Data Acquisition (SCADA) Using Blockchain at Dark Web Platform 317 Anand Singh Rajawat, Romil Rawat and Kanishk Barhanpurkar 14.1 Introduction 318 14.2 Significance of Security Improvement in DCS and SCADA 322 14.3 Related Work 323 14.4 Proposed Methodology 324 14.4.1 Algorithms Used for Implementation 327 14.4.2 Components of a Blockchain 327 14.4.3 MERKLE Tree 328 14.4.4 The Technique of Stack and Work Proof 328 14.4.5 Smart Contracts 329 14.5 Result Analysis 329 14.6 Conclusion 330 References 331 15 Recent Techniques for Exploitation and Protection of Common Malicious Inputs to Online Applications 335 Dr. Tun Myat Aung and Ni Ni Hla 15.1 Introduction 335 15.2 SQL Injection 336 15.2.1 Introduction 336 15.2.2 Exploitation Techniques 337 15.2.2.1 In-Band SQL Injection 337 15.2.2.2 Inferential SQL Injection 338 15.2.2.3 Out-of-Band SQL Injection 340 15.2.3 Causes of Vulnerability 340 15.2.4 Protection Techniques 341 15.2.4.1 Input Validation 341 15.2.4.2 Data Sanitization 341 15.2.4.3 Use of Prepared Statements 342 15.2.4.4 Limitation of Database Permission 343 15.2.4.5 Using Encryption 343 15.3 Cross Site Scripting 344 15.3.1 Introduction 344 15.3.2 Exploitation Techniques 344 15.3.2.1 Reflected Cross Site Scripting 345 15.3.2.2 Stored Cross Site Scripting 345 15.3.2.3 DOM-Based Cross Site Scripting 346 15.3.3 Causes of Vulnerability 346 15.3.4 Protection Techniques 347 15.3.4.1 Data Validation 347 15.3.4.2 Data Sanitization 347 15.3.4.3 Escaping on Output 347 15.3.4.4 Use of Content Security Policy 348 15.4 Cross Site Request Forgery 349 15.4.1 Introduction 349 15.4.2 Exploitation Techniques 349 15.4.2.1 HTTP Request with GET Method 349 15.4.2.2 HTTP Request with POST Method 350 15.4.3 Causes of Vulnerability 350 15.4.3.1 Session Cookie Handling Mechanism 350 15.4.3.2 HTML Tag 351 15.4.3.3 Browser’s View Source Option 351 15.4.3.4 GET and POST Method 351 15.4.4 Protection Techniques 351 15.4.4.1 Checking HTTP Referer 351 15.4.4.2 Using Custom Header 352 15.4.4.3 Using Anti-CSRF Tokens 352 15.4.4.4 Using a Random Value for each Form Field 352 15.4.4.5 Limiting the Lifetime of Authentication Cookies 353 15.5 Command Injection 353 15.5.1 Introduction 353 15.5.2 Exploitation Techniques 354 15.5.3 Causes of Vulnerability 354 15.5.4 Protection Techniques 355 15.6 File Inclusion 355 15.6.1 Introduction 355 15.6.2 Exploitation Techniques 355 15.6.2.1 Remote File Inclusion 355 15.6.2.2 Local File Inclusion 356 15.6.3 Causes of Vulnerability 357 15.6.4 Protection Techniques 357 15.7 Conclusion 358 References 358 16 Ransomware: Threats, Identification and Prevention 361 Sweta Thakur, Sangita Chaudhari and Bharti Joshi 16.1 Introduction 361 16.2 Types of Ransomwares 364 16.2.1 Locker Ransomware 364 16.2.1.1 Reveton Ransomware 365 16.2.1.2 Locky Ransomware 366 16.2.1.3 CTB Locker Ransomware 366 16.2.1.4 TorrentLocker Ransomware 366 16.2.2 Crypto Ransomware 367 16.2.2.1 PC Cyborg Ransomware 367 16.2.2.2 OneHalf Ransomware 367 16.2.2.3 GPCode Ransomware 367 16.2.2.4 CryptoLocker Ransomware 368 16.2.2.5 CryptoDefense Ransomware 368 16.2.2.6 CryptoWall Ransomware 368 16.2.2.7 TeslaCrypt Ransomware 368 16.2.2.8 Cerber Ransomware 368 16.2.2.9 Jigsaw Ransomware 369 16.2.2.10 Bad Rabbit Ransomware 369 16.2.2.11 WannaCry Ransomware 369 16.2.2.12 Petya Ransomware 369 16.2.2.13 Gandcrab Ransomware 369 16.2.2.14 Rapid Ransomware 370 16.2.2.15 Ryuk Ransomware 370 16.2.2.16 Lockergoga Ransomware 370 16.2.2.17 PewCrypt Ransomware 370 16.2.2.18 Dhrama/Crysis Ransomware 370 16.2.2.19 Phobos Ransomware 371 16.2.2.20 Malito Ransomware 371 16.2.2.21 LockBit Ransomware 371 16.2.2.22 GoldenEye Ransomware 371 16.2.2.23 REvil or Sodinokibi Ransomware 371 16.2.2.24 Nemty Ransomware 371 16.2.2.25 Nephilim Ransomware 372 16.2.2.26 Maze Ransomware 372 16.2.2.27 Sekhmet Ransomware 372 16.2.3 MAC Ransomware 372 16.2.3.1 KeRanger Ransomware 373 16.2.3.2 Go Pher Ransomware 373 16.2.3.3 FBI Ransom Ransomware 373 16.2.3.4 File Coder 373 16.2.3.5 Patcher 373 16.2.3.6 ThiefQuest Ransomware 374 16.2.3.7 Keydnap Ransomware 374 16.2.3.8 Bird Miner Ransomware 374 16.3 Ransomware Life Cycle 374 16.4 Detection Strategies 376 16.4.1 Unevil 376 16.4.2 Detecting File Lockers 376 16.4.3 Detecting Screen Lockers 377 16.4.4 Connection-Monitor and Connection-Breaker Approach 377 16.4.5 Ransomware Detection by Mining API Call Usage 377 16.4.6 A New Static-Based Framework for Ransomware Detection 377 16.4.7 White List-Based Ransomware Real-Time Detection Prevention (WRDP) 378 16.5 Analysis of Ransomware 378 16.5.1 Static Analysis 379 16.5.2 Dynamic Analysis 379 16.6 Prevention Strategies 380 16.6.1 Access Control 380 16.6.2 Recovery After Infection 380 16.6.3 Trapping Attacker 380 16.7 Ransomware Traits Analysis 380 16.8 Research Directions 384 16.9 Conclusion 384 References 384 Index 389

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Book SynopsisThe only guide for software developers who must learn and implement cryptography safely and cost effectively. Cryptography for Developers begins with a chapter that introduces the subject of cryptography to the reader. The second chapter discusses how to implement large integer arithmetic as required by RSA and ECC public key algorithms The subsequent chapters discuss the implementation of symmetric ciphers, one-way hashes, message authentication codes, combined authentication and encryption modes, public key cryptography and finally portable coding practices. Each chapter includes in-depth discussion on memory/size/speed performance trade-offs as well as what cryptographic problems are solved with the specific topics at hand.Table of ContentsIntroduction; ASN.1 Encodings; Random Numbers; Large Integer Arithmetic; Symmetric Key Ciphers; One-Way Hashes; Message Authentication Codes; Encrypted Authentication Modes; Public-Key Cryptography

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Book SynopsisGet up and running with blockchain, smart contracts, NFTs, DAOs, and decentralization in no time with the help of this comprehensive guide Key Features Get to grips with Web3, NFTs, DeFi, and smart contract development Create fungible and non-fungible tokens, explore DAOs, and more Build powerful apps using Ethereum to secure transactions and create smart contracts Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionWeb3, the new blockchain-based web, is often hailed as the future of the internet. Driven by technologies such as cryptocurrencies, NFTs, DAOs, decentralized finance, and more, Web3’s aim is to give individuals more control over the web communities they belong to. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced developer, this book will help you master the intricacies of Web3 and its revolutionary technologies. Beginning with a concise introduction to blockchain and the Ethereum ecosystem, this book quickly immerses you in real-world blockchain applications. You’ll work on carefully crafted hands-on exercises that are designed for beginners as well as users with prior exposure. The chapters show you how to build and deploy smart contracts, while mastering security controls and discovering best practices for writing secure code. As you progress, you’ll explore tokenization and gain proficiency in minting both fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) with the help of step-by-step instructions. The concluding chapters cover advanced topics, including oracles, Layer 2 (L2) networks, rollups, zero knowledge proofs, and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). By the end of this Web3 book, you’ll be well-versed in the Web3 ecosystem and have the skills to build powerful and secure decentralized applications.What you will learn Get an in-depth understanding of Ethereum's ecosystem, its status, and key EIPs and ERCs Gain practical skills using non-custodial wallets such as MetaMask for blockchain transactions Write, debug, and deploy smart contracts on test networks Discover Web3 dev tools and set up a local environment Get to grips with tokenomics and create ERC20, ERC721, and ERC1155 tokens Explore decentralized storage with IPFS and integrate it into your Web3 projects Expand your NFT strategy with APIs and SDKs to lead in the NFT space Who this book is forThis book is for blockchain developers and blockchain enthusiasts who want to build powerful and secure decentralized applications. Familiarity with the basics of blockchain, along with knowledge of how they function, is necessary to grasp the topics discussed in this book.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Fundamentals of Blockchain and Web3 Getting Started With Ethereum Your First Ethereum Transaction Introduction to Smart Contracts Creating and Deploying Your First Smart Contract Smart Contract Security and Access Controls Developer Tools and Libraries for Web3 Development Writing and Testing Your First dApp on Web3 Introduction to Tokenization Creating Your First Token Non-Fungible Token Standards Creating Your First Non-Fungible Token Understanding Oracles Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Zero-Knowledge EVMs L2 Networks and Rollups Decentralized Autonomous Organizations – Overview

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Book SynopsisBulletproof TLS and PKI is a complete guide to using TLS encryption and PKI to deploy secure servers and web applications. Written by Ivan Ristic, author of the popular SSL Labs web site, this book will teach you everything you need to know to protect your systems from eavesdropping and impersonation attacks. In this book, you'll find just the right mix of theory, protocol detail, vulnerability and weakness information, and deployment advice to get your job done: - Comprehensive coverage of the ever-changing field of SSL/TLS and Internet PKI, with updates to the digital version - For IT professionals, help to understand security risks - For system administrators, help to deploy systems securely - For developers, help to secure web applications - Practical and concise, with added depth as needed - Introduction to cryptography and the Internet threat model - Coverage of TLS 1.3 as well as earlier protocol versions - Discussion of weaknesses at every level, covering implementation issues, HTTP and browser problems, and protocol vulnerabilities - Coverage of the latest attacks, such as BEAST, CRIME, BREACH, Lucky 13, RC4 biases, Triple Handshake Attack, and Heartbleed - Thorough deployment advice, including advanced technologies, such as Strict Transport Security, Content Security Policy, and pinning - Guide to using OpenSSL to generate keys and certificates and to create and run a private certification authority - Guide to using OpenSSL to test servers for vulnerabilitiesTable of ContentsPart I: SSL/TLS and PKI 1. SSL, TLS, and Cryptography 2. TLS 1.3 3. TLS 1.2 4. Public Key Infrastructure Part II: Problems and Attacks 5. Attacks against PKI 6. HTTP and Browser Issues 7. Implementation Issues 8. Protocol Attacks Part III: Deployment and Development 9. Performance 10. HSTS, CSP, and Pinning 11. Configuration Guide Part IV: OpenSSL Command-Line 11. Working with OpenSSL 12. Testing TLS servers with OpenSSL

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is a concise introduction to the basic toolbox of structures that allow efficient organization and retrieval of data, key algorithms for problems on graphs, and generic techniques for modeling, understanding, and solving algorithmic problems. The authors aim for a balance between simplicity and efficiency, between theory and practice, and between classical results and the forefront of research. Individual chapters cover arrays and linked lists, hash tables and associative arrays, sorting and selection, priority queues, sorted sequences, graph representation, graph traversal, shortest paths, minimum spanning trees, optimization, collective communication and computation, and load balancing. The authors also discuss important issues such as algorithm engineering, memory hierarchies, algorithm libraries, and certifying algorithms. Moving beyond the sequential algorithms and data structures of the earlier related title, this book takes into account the paradigm shift towards the parallel processing required to solve modern performance-critical applications and how this impacts on the teaching of algorithms. The book is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students and professionals familiar with programming and basic mathematical language. Most chapters have the same basic structure: the authors discuss a problem as it occurs in a real-life situation, they illustrate the most important applications, and then they introduce simple solutions as informally as possible and as formally as necessary so the reader really understands the issues at hand. As they move to more advanced and optional issues, their approach gradually leads to a more mathematical treatment, including theorems and proofs. The book includes many examples, pictures, informal explanations, and exercises, and the implementation notes introduce clean, efficient implementations in languages such as C++ and Java.Trade Review“The style of the book is accessible and is suitable for a wide range of audiences, from mathematicians and computer scientists to researchers from other fields who would like to use parallelised approaches in their research.” (Irina Ioana Mohorianu, zbMATH 1445.68003, 2020)Table of ContentsAppetizer: Integer Arithmetic.- Introduction.- Representing Sequences by Arrays and Linked Lists.- Hash Tables and Associative Arrays.- Sorting and Selection.- Priority Queues.- Sorted Sequences.- Graph Representation.- Graph Traversal.- Shortest Paths.- Minimum Spanning Trees.- Generic Approaches to Optimization.- Collective Communication and Computation.- Load Balancing.- App. A, Mathematical Background.- App. B, Computer Architecture Aspects.- App. C, Support for Parallelism in C++.- App. D, The Message Passing Interface (MPI).- App. E, List of Commercial Products, Trademarks and Licenses.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces the non-specialist reader to the concepts of quantum key distribution and presents an overview of state-of-the-art quantum communication protocols and applications. The field of quantum cryptography has advanced rapidly in the previous years, not least because with the age of quantum computing drawing closer, traditional encryption methods are at risk.The textbook presents the necessary mathematical tools without assuming much background, making it accessible to readers without experience in quantum information theory. In particular, the topic of classical and quantum entropies is presented in great detail. Furthermore, the author discusses the different types of quantum key distribution protocols and explains several tools for proving the security of these protocols. In addition, a number of applications of quantum key distribution are discussed, demonstrating its value to state-of-the-art cryptography and communication. This book leads the reader through the mathematical background with a variety of worked-out examples and exercises. It is primarily targeted at graduate students and advanced undergraduates in theoretical physics. The presented material is largely self-contained and only basic knowledge in quantum mechanics and linear algebra is required.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America, LATIN 2021, which was held in October 2021. The conference was originally planned to take place in Bogota, Colombia, but changed to a virtual event due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 22 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: quantum cryptography; post-quantum cryptography; asymmetric cryptanalysis; cryptanalysis and side-channel analysis; distributed cryptographic protocols; and multiparty computation.Table of ContentsQuantum Cryptography.- Tight Bounds for Simon's Algorithm.- Constructions for Quantum Indistinguishability Obfuscation.- On Forging SPHINCS+-Haraka Signatures on a Fault-tolerant Quantum Computer.- Post-Quantum Cryptography.- Post-Quantum Key-Blinding for Authentication in Anonymity Networks.- Implementing and measuring KEMTLS.- A Monolithic Hardware Implementation of Kyber: Comparing Apples to Apples in PQC Candidates.- Attribute-Based Access Control for Inner Product Functional Encryption from LWE.- Asymmetric Cryptanalysis.- Classical Attacks on a Variant of the RSA Cryptosystem.- Improved attacks against key reuse in learning with errors key exchange.- Cryptanalysis and Side-Channel Analysis.- Differential-ML Distinguisher: Machine Learning based Generic Extension for Differential Cryptanalysis.- Train or Adapt a Deeply Learned Profile.- Autocorrelations of vectorial Boolean functions.- Automatic Search for Bit-based Division Property.- TEDT2 - Highly Secure Leakage-resilient TBC-based Authenticated Encryption.- Distributed Cryptographic Protocols.- Weight-Based Nakamoto-Style Blockchains.- LOVE a Pairing.- Implementing Secure Reporting of Sexual Misconduct - Revisiting WhoToo.- Stronger Notions and a More E cient Construction of Threshold Ring Signatures.- Improved Threshold Signatures, Proactive Secret Sharing, and Input Certification from LSS Isomorphisms.- Multiparty Computation.- Full-Threshold Actively-Secure Multiparty Arithmetic Circuit Garbling.- The Cost of IEEE Arithmetic in Secure Computation.- Honest Majority MPC with Abort with Minimal Online Communication.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1 Blockchain Interoperability-Foundations.- Chapter 2 Security Challenges.- Chapter 3 Role of Regulatories.- Chapter 4 Developer Guide.- Chapter 5 Key Takeaways for Researchers.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the carefully refereed post-proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Foundations and Practice of Security, FPS 2013, held in La Rochelle, France, in October 2013. The 25 revised full papers presented together with a keynote address were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on security protocols, formal methods, physical security, attack classification and assessment, access control, cipher attacks, ad-hoc and sensor networks, resilience and intrusion detection.Table of ContentsOn the Efficiency of Mathematics in Intrusion Detection: The NetEntropy Case.- On the Feasibility of a Censorship Resistant Decentralized Naming System.- A General Framework for Group Authentication and Key Exchange Protocols.- Modelling Simultaneous Mutual Authentication for Authenticated Key Exchange.- Model-Based Specification and Validation of Security and Dependability Patterns.- Enforcing Information Flow by Combining Static and Dynamic Analysis.- Fault Injection to Reverse Engineer DES-like Cryptosystems.- Software Camouflage.- Investigation of Parameters Influencing the Success of Optical Fault Attacks.- ONTIDS: A Highly Flexible Context-Aware and Ontology-Based Alert Correlation Framework.- Quantitative Evaluation of Enforcement Strategies.- Collusion Resistant Inference Control for Cadastral Databases.- Leveraging Ontologies upon a Holistic Privacy-Aware Access Control Model.- Formal Modelling of Content-Based Protection and Release for Access Control in NATO Operations.- Computational Soundness of Symbolic Blind Signatures under Active Attacker.- Improved Davies-Murphys Attack on DES Revisited.- Yet Another Fault-Based Leakage in Non-Uniform Faulty Ciphertexts.- A Hierarchal Anti-Counterfeit Mechanism: Securing the Supply Chain using RFIDs.- A More Realistic Model For Verifying Route Validity in Ad-Hoc Networks.- On the Security of a Privacy-Preserving Key Management Scheme for Location Based Services in VANETs.- CheR: Cheating Resilience in the Cloud via Smart Resource Allocation.- Evaluation of Software-Oriented Block Ciphers on Smartphones.- Don’t Push it: Breaking iButton Security.- Discovering Flaws in IDS through Analysis of their Inputs.- On the Reverse Engineering of the Citadel Botnet.- The Carna Botnet Through the Lens of a Network Telescope.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sequences and Their Applications, SETA 2006. The book presents 32 revised full papers together with 4 invited lectures. The papers are organized in topical sections on linear complexity of sequences, correlation of sequences, stream ciphers and transforms, topics in complexities of sequences, multi-sequence synthesis, sequences and combinatorics, FCSR sequences, aperiodic correlation and applications, and boolean functions, and more.Table of ContentsInvited Papers.- Shift Register Sequences – A Retrospective Account.- The Probabilistic Theory of the Joint Linear Complexity of Multisequences.- Multi-Continued Fraction Algorithms and Their Applications to Sequences.- Codes for Optical CDMA.- Linear Complexity of Sequences.- On the Linear Complexity of Sidel’nikov Sequences over .- Linear Complexity over F p of Ternary Sidel’nikov Sequences.- Bounds on the Linear Complexity and the 1-Error Linear Complexity over F p of M-ary Sidel’nikov Sequences.- The Characterization of 2 n -Periodic Binary Sequences with Fixed 1-Error Linear Complexity.- Correlation of Sequences.- Crosscorrelation Properties of Binary Sequences with Ideal Two-Level Autocorrelation.- Extended Hadamard Equivalence.- Analysis of Designing Interleaved ZCZ Sequence Families.- Stream Ciphers and Transforms.- Security of Jump Controlled Sequence Generators for Stream Ciphers.- Improved Rijndael-Like S-Box and Its Transform Domain Analysis.- Topics in Complexities of Sequences.- Nonlinear Complexity of Binary Sequences and Connections with Lempel-Ziv Compression.- On Lempel-Ziv Complexity of Sequences.- Computing the k-Error N-Adic Complexity of a Sequence of Period p n .- On the Expected Value of the Joint 2-Adic Complexity of Periodic Binary Multisequences.- Linear/Nonlinear Feedback Shift Register Sequences.- On the Classification of Periodic Binary Sequences into Nonlinear Complexity Classes.- Sequences of Period 2 N –2.- A New Algorithm to Compute Remote Terms in Special Types of Characteristic Sequences.- Multi-sequence Synthesis.- Implementation of Multi-continued Fraction Algorithm and Application to Multi-sequence Linear Synthesis.- The Hausdorff Dimension of the Set of r-Perfect M-Multisequences.- Filtering Sequences and Pseudorandom Sequence Generators.- Lower Bounds on Sequence Complexity Via Generalised Vandermonde Determinants.- Construction of Pseudo-random Binary Sequences from Elliptic Curves by Using Discrete Logarithm.- On the Discrepancy and Linear Complexity of Some Counter-Dependent Recurrence Sequences.- Sequences and Combinatorics.- Nonexistence of a Kind of Generalized Perfect Binary Array.- FCSR Sequences.- On the Distinctness of Decimations of Generalized l-Sequences.- On FCSR Memory Sequences.- Periodicity and Distribution Properties of Combined FCSR Sequences.- Aperiodic Correlation and Applications.- Generalized Bounds on Partial Aperiodic Correlation of Complex Roots of Unity Sequences.- Chip-Asynchronous Version of Welch Bound: Gaussian Pulse Improves BER Performance.- Boolean Functions.- On Immunity Profile of Boolean Functions.- Reducing the Number of Homogeneous Linear Equations in Finding Annihilators.- The Algebraic Normal Form, Linear Complexity and k-Error Linear Complexity of Single-Cycle T-Function.- Partially Perfect Nonlinear Functions and a Construction of Cryptographic Boolean Functions.- Construction of 1-Resilient Boolean Functions with Very Good Nonlinearity.

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Book SynopsisDigitale Kommunikation dringt in immer mehr Bereiche privater und unternehmerischer Anwendungsfelder ein. Seit 1997 sind die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland für rechtlich gesicherte Vorgänge im Internet geschaffen. Zentraler Bestandteil ist die digitale Signatur. Die Autoren erklären anschaulich und detailliert deren Konzept und Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Die Funktionen von Signatur, Trustcenter, Chipkarte und asymmetrischem Schlüsselverfahren werden dargestellt und durch zahlreiche Diagramme verdeutlicht. Die Informationen dienen als Entscheidungsgrundlage für den Einsatz der digitalen Signatur in Firmen, Institutionen und Behörden. Die Anwendungsbeispiele beziehen sich auf Business-to-Business- und Business-to-Customer-Beziehungen in Intranet und Internet. Das Werk wendet sich vor allem an Produzenten digitaler Medien sowie Entscheider in Wirtschaft und Verwaltung.Table of ContentsAusgangslage.- Konzept.- Zielsetzung.- Das Prinzip der digitalen Signatur.- Rechtliche Aspekte.- Europäische Entwicklung.- Internationale Entwicklungen.- Einsatzfelder.- Business-to-Business-Kommunikation.- Business-to-Customer-Kommunikation.- Intranet (firmeninterne Kommunikation).- Behördliche Kommunikation.- Gesetzesgrundlage.- Glossar.- Literaturverzeichnis.- Index.

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