Crystallography Books

Book SynopsisAt the time of its original publication this reissued ''classic'' text, co-written by the Nobel Laureate of 1954, Max Born, represented the final account of the subject and in many ways it still does. The book is divided into four sections. The first of these is very general in nature and deals with the general statistical mechanics of ideal lattices, leading to the electric polarizability and to the scattering of light. The second part deals with the properties of long lattice waves; the third with thermal properties and the fourth with optical properties.Trade Review'extraordinarily general and sound introduction ... a standard work that is indispensable to all working in this field' * Die Naturwissenschaften *'... important mathematical methods which should be of use in other subjects as well' * British Journal of Applied Physics *Table of ContentsPART 1: ELEMENTARY THEORIES ; PART 2: GENERAL THEORIES

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Book SynopsisCrystal Structure Refinement is a mixture of textbook and tutorial. As A Crystallographers Guide to SHELXL it covers advanced aspects of practical crystal structure refinement, which have not been much addressed by textbooks so far. After an introduction to SHELXL in the first chapter, a brief survey of crystal structure refinement is provided. Chapters three and higher address the various aspects of structure refinement, from the treatment of hydrogen atoms to the assignment of atom types, to disorder, to non-crystallographic symmetry and twinning. One chapter is dedicated to the refinement of macromolecular structures and two short chapters deal with structure validation (one for small molecule structures and one for macromolecules). In each of the chapters the book gives refinement examples, based on the program SHELXL, describing every problem in detail. It comes with a CD-ROM with all files necessary to reproduce the refinements.Trade Review`A key purchase for a wide population of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination...The depth of coverage of important topics such as twinning and disorder will be very valuable to structural scientists, and will provide information and an approach that is not currently available. ' Alexander J. Blake, University of Nottingham`A high quality text. ' David J. Watkin, University of OxfordTable of Contents1. SHELXL ; 2. Crystal Structure Refinement ; 3. Hydrogen Atoms ; 4. Atom Type Assignment ; 5. Disorder ; 6. Pseudo Symmetry ; 7. Twinning ; 8. Artefacts ; 9. Structure Validation ; 10. Protein Refinement with SHELXL ; 11. Protein Structure (Cross) Validation ; 12. General Remarks

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Book SynopsisThis book consists of over 422 problems and their acceptable answers on structural inorganic chemistry at the senior undergraduate and beginning graduate level. The central theme running through these questions is symmetry, bonding and structure: molecular or crystalline. A wide variety of topics are covered, including Electronic States and Configurations of Atoms and Molecules, Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Atomic Orbitals, Hybrid Orbitals, Molecular Symmetry, Molecular Geometry and Bonding, Crystal Field Theory, Molecular Orbital Theory, Vibrational Spectroscopy, Crystal Structure, Transition Metal Chemistry, Metal Clusters: Bonding and Reactivity, and Bioinorganic Chemistry. The questions collected here originate from the examination papers and take-home assignments arising from the teaching of courses in Chemical Bonding, Elementary Quantum Chemistry, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, and X-Ray Crystallography by the book''s two senior authors over the past five decades. The questions have been tested by generations of students taking these courses.The questions in this volume cover essentially all the topics in a typical course in structural inorganic chemistry.The text may be used as a supplement for a variety of inorganic chemistry courses at the senior undergraduate level. It also serves as a problem text to accompany the book Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry, co-authored by W.-K. Li, G.-D. Zhou, and T. C. W. Mak (Oxford University Press, 2008).Trade ReviewProblems were selected carefully and presented in a clear way ... The Solutions sections are particularly valuable, as each case is explained extensively, contributing to the insight of the reader into the specific issuethis text can be a valuable aid not only for students but also for lecturers, who could be inspired by it to design new problems and/or discussion themes for their classes. * Michele Catti, Acta Crystallographica *Review from previous edition For the teacher, the authors have produced a splendid bank of questions and complete answers. Even more, this work will provide the inspiration for the generation of many more problems that lecturers will undoubtedly be able to tailor to their own courses in these general areas,which remain at the core of modern teaching in inorganic chemistry. For libraries, individual academics and for research groups alike, this book of Problems in Structural Inorganic Chemistry is an essential purchase as an accompaniment to the main text of Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry. * David Collison, Crystallography Reviews *The outstanding quality of the content, the high quality printing and the affordable paperback edition make Problems in Structural Inorganic Chemistry highly attractive for students and instructors especially in inorganic and physical chemistry. * Michael Ruck, Acta Crystallographica Section B *Challenging but well explained by the comprehensive solutions [...] A valuable resource for both students and lecturers. * Chemistry World *Table of Contents1: Electronic States and Configurations of Atoms and Molecules 2: Introductory Quantum Chemistry 3: Atomic Orbitals 4: Hybrid Orbitals 5: Molecular Symmetry 6: Molecular Geometry and Bonding 7: Crystal Field Theory 8: Molecular Orbital Theory 9: Vibrational Spectroscopy 10: Crystal Structure 11: Transition Metal Chemistry 12: Metal Clusters: Bonding and Reactivity 13: Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Book SynopsisThis book is an expanded and updated version of Part III of the authors'' previous work, Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry (OUP 2008). The original part deals with main-group elements, the rare-earth elements, transition-metal clusters, and supramolecular systems. In this new book, selected material from significant advances in the past decade has been added, with particular emphasis on compounds that exemplify new types of bonds such as sigma-hole, triel bond, tetrel bond, pnictogen bond, chalcogen bond, halogen bond, halogen-halogen interaction, aerogen bond, as well as quintuple and sextuple metal-metal bonds. Other new topics include actinide compounds, metallophilicity, heterometallic macrocycles and cages, com- and dis-proportionation reactions, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), halogen-bonded organic frameworks, halogen-halogen interactions in supramolecular frameworks, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).Table of Contents1: Structural Chemistry of Hydrogen 2: Structural Chemistry of Alkali and Alkali-Earth Metals 3: Structural Chemistry of Group 13 Elements 4: Structural Chemistry of Group 14 Elements 5: Structural Chemistry of Group 15 Elements 6: Structural Chemistry of Group 16 Elements 7: Structural Chemistry of Group 17 and Group 18 Elements 8: Structural Chemistry of Rare-Earth and Actinide Elements 9: Metal-Metal Bonds and Transition-Metal Clusters 10: Supramolecular Structural Chemistry

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Book SynopsisSince the early 1990s the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of powder diffraction data has undergone something of a revolution in its ability to do just that: yield important structural information beyond the average crystal structure of a material. With the advent of advanced sources, computing and algorithms, it is now useful for studying the structure of nanocrystals, clusters and molecules in solution or otherwise disordered in space, nanoporous materials and things intercalated into them, and to look for local distortions and defects in crystals. It can be used in a time-resolved way to study structural changes taking place during synthesis and in operating devices, and to map heterogeneous systems.Although the experiments are somewhat straightforward, there can be a gap in knowledge when trying to use PDF to extract structural information by modelling. This book addresses this gap and guides the reader through a series of real life worked examples that gradually inTable of Contents1: Introduction and review 1.1 What this book is not 1.2 What this book is 1.3 Why PDF? 1.4 Software 2: PDF Primer 2.1 Introduction 2.2 X-ray scattering from materials 2.3 Obtaining the PDF from x-ray total scattering data 2.4 The pair distribution function 2.5 Extracting structural information from the PDF 2.6 Measurement of total scattering data 2.7 It is time to start modelling! 3: PDF modelling of simple crystal structures: Bulk Ni and Pt nanoparticles 3.1 Introduction and overview 3.2 The question 3.3 The result 3.4 The experiment 3.5 What next? 3.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 3.7 Problems 3.8 Solution 3.9 Diffpy-CMI solution 4: Getting the PDF 4.1 Introduction and overview 4.2 The question 4.3 The result 4.4 The experiment 4.5 What next? 4.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 4.7 results 4.8 problems 4.9 solution 5: Quantification of sample phase composition: physical mixtures of Si and Ni 5.1 Introduction and overview 5.2 The question 5.3 The result 5.4 The experiment 5.5 What next? 5.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 5.7 Problems 5.8 Solution 5.9 Diffpy-CMI Solution 6: More advanced crystal structure modeling: the room-temperature structure of crystalline Ba0.7K0.3(Zn0.85Mn0.15)2As2 6.1 Introduction and overview 6.2 The question 6.3 The result 6.4 The experiment 6.5 What next? 6.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 6.7 Problems 6.8 Solution 6.9 Diffpy-CMI Solution 7: Investigating the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition in SrFe2As2 7.1 Introduction and overview 7.2 The question 7.3 The result 7.4 The experiment 7.5 What next? 7.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 7.7 Problems 7.8 Solution 7.9 Diffpy-CMI Solution 8: Simple modeling of nanoparticles: Size-dependent structure, defects and morphology of quantum dot nanoparticles 8.1 Introduction and overview 8.2 The question 8.3 The result 8.4 The experiment 8.5 What next? 8.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 8.7 Problems 8.8 Solutions 8.9 Diffpy-CMI Solution 9: Local structure in a crystal with short-range ordered lower-symmetry domains: Local iridium dimerization and triclinic distortions in cubic CuIr1.76Cr0.24S4 9.1 Introduction and overview 9.2 The question 9.3 The result 9.4 The experiment 9.5 What next? 9.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 9.7 Problems 9.8 Solution 9.9 Diffpy-CMI Solution 10: Nano and polycrystalline thin films: Local structure of nanocrystalline TiO2 grown on glass 10.1 Introduction and overview 10.2 The question 10.3 The result 10.4 The experiment 10.5 What next? 10.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 10.7 Problems 10.8 Solution 10.9 Diffpy-CMI Solution 11: Structure of discrete tetrahedral quantum dots: Atomically precise CdSe tetrahedral nanoclusters 11.1 Introduction and overview 11.2 The question 11.3 The result 11.4 The experiment 11.5 What next? 11.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 11.7 Problems 11.8 Solution 12: Structure and intercalation environment of disordered layered materials: zirconium phosphonateDSphosphate unconventional MOFs 12.1 Introduction . 12.2 The question 12.3 The result 12.4 The experiment 12.5 What next? 12.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 12.7 Problems 12.8 Solution 13: Magnetic PDF 13.1 Introduction and overview 13.2 The question 13.3 The result 13.4 The experiment 13.5 What next? 13.6 Wait, what? How do I do that? 13.7 Problems 13.8 Solution 14: Tips and Tricks: PDF measurements 14.1 Introduction and overview 14.2 Basic overview: what are total scattering data? 14.3 What type of radiation should I use? 14.4 Detectors 14.5 Sample geometries 14.6 Samples 14.7 Sample environments 15: More PDF Tips and Tricks 15.1 Introduction 15.2 PXRD or PDF, Q-space or r-space analysis? 15.3 Model-free analysis of PDF 15.4 More options for PDF modelling 15.5 Automated PDF modelling 15.6 Final words 16: Appendix 1: Python 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Installing Python programs 16.3 The terminal and the command prompt 16.4 Python IDE>'s and Jupyter Notebooks 17: Appendix 2: Data processing and integration 17.1 Introduction Bibliography

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Book SynopsisNanomaterials have been part of our world for centuries, although it is only in the last thirty years that we have come to understand that the color of nanomaterials, for example, is tied directly to their size, opening up a new realm of discovery. By controlling the size of nanocrystals, chemists have joined forces with physicists and theorists to explore the extraordinary and unexpected properties of nanomaterials.In particular, these properties depend not only on the size of the nanomaterials but also on their shape and the way in which they are assembled into crystalline networks. This book traces the remarkable journey that led to this discovery. This journey into the nanoworld invites both budding scientists and anyone fascinated by advancements in science to explore a universe where no prior knowledge of chemistry or physics is required, only curiosity and a willingness to embrace unexpected discoveries across various scientific domains. This book emphasises how foundational concepts transcend scales, offering insights from the nano to the meter scale, and highlights the immense potential of the nanoworld to revolutionize biomedical studies paving the way for innovations.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a revised and updated English edition of a textbook that has grown out of several years of teaching. The term inorganic is used in a broad sense as the book covers the structural chemistry of representative elements (including carbon) in the periodic table, organometallics, coordination polymers, host-guest systems and supramolecular assemblies. Part I of the book reviews the basic bonding theories, including a chapter on computational chemistry. Part II introduces point groups and space groups and their chemical applications. Part III comprises a succinct account of the structural chemistry of the elements in the periodic table. It presents structure and bonding, generalizations of structural trends, crystallographic data, as well as highlights from the recent literature.Trade ReviewAdvanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry is the best text on structural inorganic chemistry that I have seen. It is logically laid out, easy to read and follow, and comprehensive. [...] I highly recommend this book for graduate level solid state structure courses. The breadth and depth of the material is unparalleled. * Peter M. Smith, J. Chem. Educ. 2011 *In summary, the readers will find the many aspects of this book - a comprehensive textbook about chemical bonds, group theory and crystallography, descriptive and supramolecular inorganic chemistry - to be very useful. It is an important text for teaching inorganic chemistry. * Coordination Chemistry Reviews *This book should be on the shelves of all laboratories or libraries that support teaching or research that relies upon structural inorganic chemistry. * Crystallography Reviews *Table of ContentsPART I ; Fundamentals of Bonding Theory ; 1. Introduction to Quantum Theory ; 2. The Electronic Structure of Atoms ; 3. Covalent Bonding in Molecules ; 4. Chemical Bonding in Condensed Phases ; 5. Computational Chemistry ; PART II ; Symmetry in Chemistry ; 6. Symmetry and Elements of Group Theory ; 7. Application of Group Theory to Molecular Systems ; 8. Bonding in Coordination Compounds ; 9. Symmetry in Crystals ; 10. Basic Inorganic Crystal Structures and Materials ; PART III ; Structural Chemistry of Selected Elements ; 11. Structural Chemistry of Hydrogen ; 12. Structural Chemistry of Alkali and Alkali-Earth Metals ; 13. Structural Chemistry of Group 13 Elements ; 14. Structural Chemistry of Group 14 Elements ; 15. Structural Chemistry of Group 15 Elements ; 16. Structural Chemistry of Group 16 Elements ; 17. Structural Chemistry of Group 17 and Group 18 Elements ; 18. Structural Chemistry of Rare-Earth Elements ; 19. Metal-Metal Bonds and Transition-Metal Clusters ; 20. Supramolecular Structural Chemistry

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Book SynopsisAn eminently readable book on the symmetry of crystals and molecules, starting from first principles.Trade ReviewThe content is comprehensive, covering symmetry operations, stereographic projection, application to X-ray diffraction, group theory, as well as spectroscopy ... the book shines with instructional discussions of several problem sets ... I find reason to recommend the book ... I am glad to see it on my bookshelf * Angewandte Chemie International Edition, *This book successfully combines a thorough treatment of molecular and crystalline symmetry with a simple and informal writing style. By means of familiar examples the author helps to provide the reader with those conceptual tools necessary for the development of a clear understanding of what are often regarded as 'difficult' topics. * Christopher Hammond, University of Leeds *This book should tell you everything you need to know about crystal and molecular symmetry. Ladd adopts an integrated approach so that the relationships between crystal symmetry, molecular symmetry and features of chemical interest are maintained and reinforced. The theoretical aspects of bonding and symmetry are also well represented, as are symmetry-dependent physical properties and the applications of group theory. The comprehensive coverage will make this book a valuable resource for a broad range of readers. * Alexander Blake, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham *I marvel at the comprehensive detail and rigour ... I see this book becoming essential reading, if not prescribed for intensive study. * Jan Boeyens, University of Pretoria *The book really shines, with clear and precise definitions given for point groups, lattices and space groups - ideal reading for any budding crystallographer who wonders what all those columns in the International tables for crystallography are for. * Chemistry World *Table of Contents1. Symmetry everywhere ; 2. Geometry of crystals and molecules ; 3. Point group symmetry ; 4. Lattices ; 5. Space groups ; 6. Symmetry and x-ray diffraction ; 7. Elements of group theory ; 8. Applications of group theory ; 9. Computer-assisted studies ; Appendices

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Book SynopsisDorothy Wrinch, a complicated and ultimately tragic figure, is remembered today for her much publicized feud with Linus Pauling over the shape of proteins, known as the cyclol controversy. Pauling emerged victorious and is now seen as one of the 20th century''s greatest scientists. History has proven less kind to Wrinch. Although some of Wrinch''s theories did not pass the test of time, her contributions to the fields of Darwinism, probability and statistics, quantum mechanics, x-ray diffraction, and computer science were anything but inconsequential. Wrinch''s story is also the story of the science of crystals and the ever-changing notion of symmetry fundamental to that science.Drawing on her own personal relationship with Wrinch as well as the papers archived at Smith College and elsewhere, Marjorie Senechal explores the life of this brilliant and controversial figure in I Died for Beauty. This biography provides a coherent biographical narration, a detailed account of the cyclol controversy, and a personal memoir of the author''s relationship with Wrinch. Senechal presents a sympathetic portrait of the life and science of a luminous but tragically flawed character.Trade ReviewIt is tremendous that Senechal has excavated this story. She offers a gripping portrait of an era and of a scientist whose complications acquire a tragic glamour. It is a cautionary tale for which we must supply the moral ourselves. * Philip Ball, Nature *Table of Contentsnot yet available

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisInternational Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Volume A1, an extension of and supplement to Volume A, presents a systematic treatment of the maximal subgroups and minimal supergroups of the crystallographic plane groups and space groups. The volume is divided into 3 parts: Part 1: An introduction to the theory of space groups at various levels and with many examples.Part 2: A complete listing of all maximal subgroups and minimal supergroups for each plane group and space group. Graphs that illustrate the group-subgroup relations are also presented.Part 3: Lists the relations between the Wyckoff positions of every maximal subgroup of every space group, including the cell transformations and coordinate transformations. New to the second edition of Volume A1:A new chapter on building trees of group-subgroup relations for crystal sTable of ContentsForeword. Scope of this Volume. Computer Production of Parts 2 and 3. List of Symbols and Abbreviations used in this Volume. PART 1 SPACE GROUPS AND THEIR SUBGROUPS. 1.1 Historical Introduction (M.I. Aroyo, U. Müller and H. Wondratschek). 1.2 General Introduction to the Subgroups of Space Groups (H. Wondratschek). 1.3 Remarks on Wyckoff Positions (U. Müller). 1.4 Computer Checking of the Subgroup Data (F. Gähler). 1.5 The Mathematical Background of the Subgroup Tables (G. Nebe). PART 2 MAXIMAL SUBGROUPS OF THE PLANE GROUPS AND SPACE GROUPS. 2.1 Guide to the Subgroup Tables and Graphs (H. Wondratschek and M.I. Aroyo). 2.2 Tables of Maximal Subgroups of the Plane Groups (Y. Billiet, M.I. Aroyo and H. Wondratschek). 2.3 Tables of Maximal Subgroups of the Space Groups (Y. Billiet, M.I. Aroyo and H. Wondratschek). 2.4 Graphs for Translationengleiche Subgroups (V. Gramlich and H. Wondratschek). 2.5 Graphs for Klassengleiche Subgroups (V. Gramlich and H. Wondratschek). PART 3 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE WYCKOFF POSITIONS. 3.1 Guide to the Tables (U. Müller). 3.2 Tables of the Relations of the Wyckoff Positions (U. Müller). Appendix. Differences in the Presentation of Parts 2 and 3 (U. Müller and H. Wondratschek). References. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisInternational Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Each of the eight volumes in the series contains articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials. Emphasis is given to symmetry, diffraction methods and techniques of crystal-structure determination, and the physical and chemical properties of crystals. The data are accompanied by discussions of theory, practical explanations and examples, all of which are useful for teaching. Volume E covers the standard nomenclature and representations for the 7 crystallographic frieze-group types, the 75 crystallographic rod-group types and the 80 crystallographic layer-group types. The information tabulated for these groups is identical in format and content to that given for the 230 space groups in Volume A, and is Table of ContentsPreface. PART 1 SUBPERIODIC GROUP TABLES: FRIEZE-GROUP AND LAYER-GROUP. 1.1 Symbols and Terms Used in Parts 1-4. 1.2 Guide to the Use of the Subperiodic Tables. 1.2.1 Classification of Subperiodic Groups. 1.2.2 Contents and Arrangement of the Tables. 1.2.3 Headline. 1.2.4 International (Hermann-Mauguin) Symbols for Subperiodic Groups. 1.2.5 Patterson Symmetry. 1.2.6 Subperiodic Group Diagrams. 1.2.7 Origin. 1.2.8 Asymmetric Unit. 1.2.9 Symmetry Operations. 1.2.10 Generators. 1.2.11 Positions. 1.2.12 Oriented Site-Symmetry Symbols. 1.2.13 Reflection Conditions. 1.2.14 Symmetry of Special Projections. 1.2.15 Maximal Subgroups and Minimal Supergroups. 1.2.16 Nomenclature. 1.2.17 Symbols. PART 2 THE 7 FRIEZE GROUPS. PART 3 THE 75 ROD GROUPS. PART 4 THE 80 LAYER GROUPS. PART 5 SCANNING OF SPACE GROUPS. 5.1 Symbols Used in Parts 5 and 6. 5.2 Guide to the Use of the Scanning Tables. 5.2.1 Introduction. 5.2.2 The Basic Concepts of the Scanning. 5.2.3 The Contents and Arrangement of the Scanning Tables. 5.2.4 Guidelines for Individual Systems. 5.2.5 Applications. PART 6 THE SCANNING TABLES. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive resource book providing professionals and students with a broad survey of structural information delineating the parallel development of crystallography and modern chemistry. Provides detailed description of crystal structures in increasing levels of complexity, from metals to organics, inorganics, organometallics, and inclusion compounds. Examples used to illustrate topics have been carefully selected to reflect the major advances of recent years and to bring the reader to the forefront of active research by including topics of current interest.Table of ContentsDevelopment of X-Ray Crystallography. Fundamental Structures. Inorganic Compounds (Main Groups). Inorganic Compounds (Transition Elements). Organic Compounds. Organometallic Compounds. Inclusion Compounds. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisAlso published by John Wiley & Sons, the thoroughly updated Laboratory Manual: Minerals and Rocks: Exercises in Crystal and Mineral Chemistry, Crystallography, X-ray Powder Diffraction, Mineral and Rock Identification, and Ore Mineralogy, 3e, is for use in the mineralogy laboratory and covers the subject matter in the same sequence as the Manual of Mineral Science, 23e. This outstanding resource can be used effectively with a variety of mineralogy texts, and includes specific page references to Nesse:Mineralogy, Perkins:Mineralogy, and Wenk and Bulakh:Minerals.

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Book SynopsisCyclodextrins can form complexes with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds, a property which can prove useful when trying to separate complex mixtures. This book provides an up-to-date and critical evaluation of the application of cyclodextrins in many fields of chromatography (including thin layer, gas-liquid, high performance liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography; capillary electrophoresis; and isotacophoresis). Whilst mainly practical in nature, the book also looks briefly at the theoretical background for the various techniques. Any professional working with chromatography will welcome this unique book as both a practical compilation of methods and a source of reference to the literature regarding the use and impact of cyclodextrins in chromatography.Trade ReviewA good addition to all libraries of pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries and also academic institutions, drug regulatory agencies and environmental agencies. * Biomedical Chromatography, May 2004 (Hassan Y Aboul-Enein) *"... the book is well written and produced, and it can be recommended to anyone interested in an overview of the impact of CD complexes on analytical chromatography ..." * Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol 22, No 9, 2003 *"... valuable for anyone working with CDs in chromatographic methods ... the book is well written as a monograph that provides a good review of applications of CDs in chromatographic and electromigration methods. " * Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2004, 379 *Table of ContentsPrinciples of Chromatography; Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Cyclodextrins; Use of Cyclodextrins in Gas-Liquid Chromatography; Supercritical Fluid Chromatography; Use of Cyclodextrins in Liquid Chromatography; Use of Cyclodextrins in Electrophoretic Techniques; Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book explains the intricacies of one-way shape memory polymers (SMPs), with a particular emphasis on solvent-responsive SMPs focusing on fundamental pathways and key principles crucial to the development of these materials. The subsequent section homes in on the specific realm of solvent-responsive SMPs, highlighting the potential advantages these polymers offer and critical evaluation of existing shortcomings and research gaps. It further explains how solvent-responsive SMPs aim to address challenges and advancements within the biomedical industry.Features: Delve into the latest developments and research findings on solvent-responsive shape memory polymers. Explore practical and real-world applications of solvent-responsive shape memory polymers in the biomedical domain. Provide an understanding of these polymers from molecular to macroscopic levels. Explore the underlying physics, chemistry, and thermodynamics that govern the mech

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Book SynopsisThis book walks you through the fundamental deformation and damage mechanisms. It lends the reader the key to open the doors into the maze of deformation/fracture phenomena under various loading conditions. Furthermore it provides the solution method to material engineering design and analysis problems, for those working in the aerospace, automotive or energy industries. The book introduces the integrated creep-fatigue theory (ICFT) that considers holistic damage evolution from surface/subsurface crack nucleation to propagation in coalescence with internally-distributed damage/discontinuities. Table of Contents1. Crystal Structure and Dislocation Kinetics2. Deformation Mechanisms3. Physics of Material Damage4. The Integrated Creep-Fatigue Theory5. Creep6. Low Cycle Fatigue7. Thermomechanical Fatigue8. High Cycle Fatigue9. Microscopic Crack Nucleation and Growth10. Macroscopic Crack Growth11. Single Crystal Ni-Base Superalloys12. Thermal Barrier Coatings13. Ceramics Matrix Composites14. Component—Level Life Cycle ManagementAppendix A—Solving Dislocation Distributions for a ZSK CrackAppendix B—Solving Dislocation Distributions for a BCS CrackReferences

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Book SynopsisWith the development of diverse analytical chemistry techniques, the discovery of rich and numerous properties pertaining to bicontinuous liquid crystal structures has yielded beneficial applications in medicine, consumer products, materials science, and biotechnology. Presenting contributions from 24 experts worldwide, Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals presents a comprehensive overview of these structures with a practical approach to applying them in manufacturing and laboratory processes. This book considers the cubic, mesh, ribbon, and sponge equilibrium phases of bicontinuous structures. It begins with a historical perspective and a theoretical platform for study, followed by a detailed discussion of physical chemistry, properties, and structural characteristics of the different phases. The text interrelates the most useful analytical methods for the characterization of the behavior and stability of liquid crystalline phases based on structure, geometry, composition-dependent changes, temperature, dispersion, and other factors. These techniques include differential geometry, thermodynamics, local and global packing, and the study of conformational entropy. The book also highlights tools for mathematically visualizing bicontinuous systems. This provides an excellent foundation for the authors' examination of the latest studies and applications, such as controlled release, materials development, fabrication, processing, polymerization, protein crystallization, membrane fusion, and treatment of human skin. Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals represents current trends and innovative ideas in the study of bicontinuous liquid crystals. Divided into three sections, it provides a complete overview of theoretical and modeling aspects, physical chemistry and characterization, and applications in this active field of research.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Introduction to Bicontinuous Phases. What's Missing. Theoretical Aspects and Modeling of Bicontinuous Phases. Physical Chemistry and Characterization. Applications.

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Book SynopsisNew Developments In Crystal Growth

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Book SynopsisExperimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.

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Book SynopsisExperimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.

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Book SynopsisFibre (rod) and sheet-shaped crystals with specified size for use as final products without additional machining are required in various applications of modern engineering. In order to avoid formation of internal mechanical stress in the crystal, lateral surface shaping without contact with container walls is preferred. As the crystal is not restricted by crucible walls, its cross-section is determined by the meniscus-shaping capillary forces and the heat and mass-exchange in the melt-crystal system. Any variation of the pulling rate, pressure, temperature gradient in the furnace, and melt temperature at the meniscus base leads to a change in the crystal cross-section and to pinch formation. Over the past two decades, many experimental and theoretical studies have been reported on a powerful approach to crystal lateral surface shaping without contact with container walls, namely the so-called edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) technique. The shape and size of a single crystal grown by EFG is determined by the shape and size of the meniscus, (i.e: the liquid bridge retained between the die and the crystal) which depend on the radius or half-thickness of the die and other properties such as pulling rate, pressure, temperature gradient and melt temperature. In this book, theoretical and numerical results are obtained using a non-linear mathematical model of the EFG method. Theoretical results presented for fibres and sheets are rigorously obtained on the basis of the equations of the model. Numerical results are obtained on the basis of theoretical results using experimental data. Such results offer a complete package of the possibilities of the model for equipment designers and practical crystal growers.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together new leading-edge research on bosons, ferromagnetism and crystal growth.

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Book SynopsisChemical crystallography is the study of the principles of chemistry behind crystals and their use in describing structure-property relations in solids. The principles that govern the assembly of crystal and glass structures are described, models of many of the technologically important crystal structures are studied, and the effect of crystal structure on the various fundamental mechanisms responsible for many physical properties are discussed. This new book presents and reviews data on the co-ordination chemistry of several metal complexes with dipicolinic acid and the crystal structure of some anti-malarial metal complexes.

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Book SynopsisEmbrace the energy of crystals throughout the changing seasonsThroughout the year, the energies around us vary dramatically. Working with crystals is all about bringing specific energies into our life, so it''s important to be connected with these natural cycles, to ensure we''re bringing balance, peace and healing into our lives in our crystal work.In The Crystal Almanac, certified Crystal Healer Gemma Petherbridge teaches you how the seasons might feel or play out, the emotional shifts that can happen throughout the year, and how changing energies can affect our mood, happiness and even our manifestation skills. Discover the Sabbats and celebrations, moon phases, astrological cycles and deities related to each season and learn how you can use this knowledge to support and enhance your crystal work. Featuring crystal activities tailored to every month, this book will help to bring you into alignment with the natural world.For each month you wil

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces and details the key facets of Combined Analysis—an x-ray and/or neutron scattering methodology which combines structural, textural, stress, microstructural, phase, layer, or other relevant variable or property analyses in a single approach. The author starts with basic theories related to diffraction by polycrystals and some of the most common combined analysis instrumental set-ups are detailed. Powder diffraction data treatment is introduced and in particular, the Rietveld analysis is discussed. The book also addresses automatic phase indexing—a necessary step to solve a structure ab initio. Since its effect prevails on real samples where textures are often stabilized, quantitative texture analysis is also detailed. Also discussed are microstructures of powder diffraction profiles; quantitative phase analysis from the Rietveld analysis; residual stress analysis for isotropic and anisotropic materials; specular x-ray reflectivity, and the various associated models. Finally, the book introduces the combined analysis concept, showing how it is superior to the view presented when we look at only one part of the analyses. This book shows that the existence of texture in a specimen can be envisaged as a way to decouple ordinarily strongly correlated parameters, as measured for instance in powder diagrams, and to examine and detail deeper material characterizations in a single methodology.Table of ContentsIntroduction xiii Acknowledgements xvii Chapter 1. Some Basic Notions About Powder Diffraction 1 1.1. Crystallite, grain, polycrystal and powder 1 1.2. Bragg’s law and harmonic reflections 2 1.3. Geometric conditions of diffraction, Ewald sphere 4 1.4. Imperfect powders 5 1.5. Main diffraction line profile components 6 1.6. Peak profile parameters 11 1.7. Modeling of the diffraction peaks 11 1.8. Experimental geometry 22 1.9. Intensity calibration (flat-field) 26 1.10. Standard samples 32 1.11. Probed thickness (penetration depth) 36 Chapter 2. Structure Refinement by Diffraction Profile Adjustment (Rietveld Method) 41 2.1. Principle of the Rietveld method 41 2.2. Rietveld-based codes 43 2.3. Parameter modeling 44 2.4. Crystal structure databases 71 2.5. Reliability factors in profile refinements 71 2.6. Parameter exactness 75 2.7. The Le Bail method 75 2.8. Refinement procedures 76 2.9. Refinement strategy 81 2.10. Structural determination by diffraction 82 Chapter 3. Automatic Indexing of Powder Diagrams 91 3.1. Principle 91 3.2. Dichotomy approach 92 3.3. Criterions for quality 93 Chapter 4. Quantitative Texture Analysis 95 4.1. Classic texture analysis 95 4.2. Orientation distribution (OD) or orientation distribution function (ODF)131 4.3. Distribution density and normalization 140 4.4. Direct and normalized pole figures 140 4.5. Reduced pole figures 143 4.6. Fundamental equation of quantitative texture analysis 143 4.7. Resolution of the fundamental equation 150 4.8. OD refinement reliability estimators 161 4.9. Inverse pole figures 168 4.10. Texture strength factors 170 4.11. Texture programs 173 4.12. Limits of the classic texture analysis 176 4.13. Magnetic quantitative texture analysis (MQTA)178 4.14. Reciprocal space mapping (RSM)189 Chapter 5. Quantitative Microstructure Analysis 191 5.1. Introduction 191 5.2. Microstructure modeling (classic) 192 5.3. Bertaut-Warren-Averbach approach (Fourier analysis) 197 5.4. Anisotropic broadening: the Popa approach 204 5.5. Stacking and twin faults 212 5.6. Dislocations 214 5.7. Crystallite size distributions 217 5.8. Rietveld approach 219 Chapter 6. Quantitative Phase Analysis 221 6.1. Standardized experiments 221 6.2. Polycrystalline samples 221 6.3. Amorphous-crystalline aggregates 223 6.4. Detection Limit 225 Chapter 7. Residual Strain-Stress Analysis 227 7.1. Strain definitions 227 7.2. ?Ï33 strain determination 229 7.3. Complete strain tensor determination 230 7.4. Textured samples 232 Chapter 8. X-Ray Reflectivity 235 8.1. Introduction 235 8.2. X-rays and neutrons refractive index 238 8.3. The critical angle of reflection 240 8.4. Fresnel formalism (specular reflectivity) 241 8.5. Surface roughness 246 8.6. Matrix formalism (specular reflectivity) 250 8.7. Born approximation 251 8.8. Electron density profile 251 8.9. Multilayer reflectivity curves 252 8.10. Instrumental corrections 253 Chapter 9. Combined Structure-Texture-Microstructure-Stress-Phase Reflectivity Analysis 257 9.1. Initial queries 257 9.2. Implementation 261 9.3. Experimental set-up 264 9.4. Instrument calibration 264 9.5. Refinement strategy 269 9.6. Examples 272 Chapter 10. Macroscopic Anisotropic Properties 363 10.1. Aniso- and isotropic samples and properties 363 10.2. Macroscopic/microscopic properties 364 Bibliography 441 Glossary 483 Abbreviations 487 Mathematical Operators 489 Index 491

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Book SynopsisThis book details recent advances in all aspects related to scale transition in crystal plasticity and damage, with a particular focus on the challenges associated with the characterization and modeling of this class of complex interactions. The following topics are included: Innovative characterization techniques (multi-scale characterization, SEMTEM coupling, TEM-micro-diffraction coupling, in-situ mechanical tests, localization, image correlation, displacement field measurements, tomography, etc.). Computational crystal plasticity and damage (dislocation dynamics and ab initio calculations, microstructure evolution of polycrystals, comparison between FE, fast Fourier transform and self-consistent approaches, intragranular slip, heterogeneities, discrete approaches, etc.). The book gathers together selected papers from the invited lectures presented at the 3rd and 4th US-France Symposia organized by the editors under the auspices of the International Center for Applied Computational Mechanics (ICACM).

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Book SynopsisDiscrete Element Methods (DEM) is a numerical technique for analysing the mechanics and physics of particulate systems. Originated in the late seventies for analysing geotechnical problems, it has seen significant development and is now employed extensively across disciplines. Produced in celebration of the 70th Birthday of Colin Thornton, this book contains a selection of papers concerning advances in discrete element modelling which were presented at the International Symposium on Discrete Element Modelling of Particulate Media held at Birmingham, UK on 28-30th March, 2012. The book showcases the wide application of discrete element modelling in gas-solid fluidisation, particulate flows, liquid-solid systems and quasi-static behaviour. It also reports the recent advancement in coupled DEM with computational fluid dynamics, Lattice Boltzmann Methods for multiphase systems and the novel application of DEM in contact electrification and fracture of granular systems. Aimed at research communities dealing with this technique in the powder handling and formulation industries, this will be a welcomed addition to the literature in this area.Table of ContentsTwo-Phase Systems; Cohesive Systems; Granular Flows; Quasi-Static Deformation; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a physical approach to the diffraction phenomenon and its applications in materials science. An historical background to the discovery of X-ray diffraction is first outlined. Next, Part 1 gives a description of the physical phenomenon of X-ray diffraction on perfect and imperfect crystals. Part 2 then provides a detailed analysis of the instruments used for the characterization of powdered materials or thin films. The description of the processing of measured signals and their results is also covered, as are recent developments relating to quantitative microstructural analysis of powders or epitaxial thin films on the basis of X-ray diffraction. Given the comprehensive coverage offered by this title, anyone involved in the field of X-ray diffraction and its applications will find this of great use.Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xv An Historical Introduction: The Discovery of X-rays and the First Studies in X-ray Diffraction xvii Part 1. Basic Theoretical Elements, Instrumentation and Classical Interpretations of the Results 1 Chapter 1. Kinematic and Geometric Theories of X-ray Diffraction 3 1.1. Scattering by an atom 3 1.1.1. Scattering by a free electron 3 1.1.1.1. Coherent scattering: the Thomson formula 3 1.1.1.2. Incoherent scattering: Compton scattering [COM 23] 6 1.1.2. Scattering by a bound electron 8 1.1.3. Scattering by a multi-electron atom 11 1.2. Diffraction by an ideal crystal 14 1.2.1. A few elements of crystallography 14 1.2.1.1. Direct lattice 14 1.2.1.2. Reciprocal lattice 16 1.2.2. Kinematic theory of diffraction 17 1.2.2.1. Diffracted amplitude: structure factor and form factor 17 1.2.2.2. Diffracted intensity 18 1.2.2.3. Laue conditions [FRI 12] 22 1.2.3. Geometric theory of diffraction 23 1.2.3.1. Laue conditions 23 1.2.3.2. Bragg's law [BRA 13b, BRA 15] 24 1.2.3.3. The Ewald sphere 26 1.3. Diffraction by an ideally imperfect crystal 28 1.4. Diffraction by a polycrystalline sample 33 Chapter 2. Instrumentation used for X-ray Diffraction 39 2.1. The different elements of a diffractometer 39 2.1.1. X-ray sources 39 2.1.1.1. Crookes tubes 41 2.1.1.2. Coolidge tubes 42 2.1.1.3. High intensity tubes 47 2.1.1.4. Synchrotron radiation 49 2.1.2. Filters and monochromator crystals 52 2.1.2.1. Filters 52 2.1.2.2. Monochromator crystals 55 2.1.2.3. Multi-layered monochromators or mirrors 59 2.1.3. Detectors 62 2.1.3.1. Photographic film 62 2.1.3.2. Gas detectors 63 2.1.3.3. Solid detectors 68 2.2. Diffractometers designed for the study of powdered or bulk polycrystalline samples 72 2.2.1. The Debye-Scherrer and Hull diffractometer 73 2.2.1.1. The traditional Debye-Scherrer and Hull diffractometer 74 2.2.1.2. The modern Debye-Scherrer and Hill diffractometer: use of position sensitive detectors 76 2.2.2. Focusing diffractometers: Seeman and Bohlin diffractometers 87 2.2.2.1. Principle 87 2.2.2.2. The different configurations 88 2.2.3. Bragg-Brentano diffractometers 94 2.2.3.1. Principle 94 2.2.3.2. Description of the diffractometer; path of the X-ray beams 97 2.2.3.3. Depth and irradiated volume 103 2.2.4. Parallel geometry diffractometers 104 2.2.5. Diffractometers equipped with plane detectors 109 2.3. Diffractometers designed for the study of thin films 110 2.3.1. Fundamental problem 110 2.3.1.1. Introduction 110 2.3.1.2. Penetration depth and diffracted intensity 111 2.3.2. Conventional diffractometers designed for the study of polycrystalline films 116 2.3.3. Systems designed for the study of textured layers 118 2.3.4. High resolution diffractometers designed for the study of epitaxial films 120 2.3.5. Sample holder 123 2.4. An introduction to surface diffractometry 125 Chapter 3. Data Processing, Extracting Information 127 3.1. Peak profile: instrumental aberrations 129 3.1.1. X-ray source: g1(epsilon) 130 3.1.2. Slit: g2(epsilon) 130 3.1.3. Spectral width: g3(epsilon) 131 3.1.4. Axial divergence: g4(epsilon) 131 3.1.5. Transparency of the sample: g5(epsilon) 133 3.2. Instrumental resolution function 135 3.3. Fitting diffraction patterns 138 3.3.1. Fitting functions 138 3.3.1.1. Functions chosen a priori 138 3.3.1.2. Functions calculated from the physical characteristics of the diffractometer 143 3.3.2. Quality standards 144 3.3.3. Peak by peak fitting 145 3.3.4. Whole pattern fitting 147 3.3.4.1. Fitting with cell constraints 147 3.3.4.2. Structural simulation: the Rietveld method 147 3.4. The resulting characteristic values 150 3.4.1. Position 151 3.4.2. Integrated intensity 152 3.4.3. Intensity distribution: peak profiles 153 Chapter 4. Interpreting the Results 155 4.1. Phase identification 155 4.2. Quantitative phase analysis 158 4.2.1. Experimental problems 158 4.2.1.1. Number of diffracting grains and preferential orientation 158 4.2.1.2. Differential absorption 161 4.2.2. Methods for extracting the integrated intensity 162 4.2.2.1. Measurements based on peak by peak fitting 162 4.2.2.2. Measurements based on the whole fitting of the diagram 163 4.2.3. Quantitative analysis procedures 165 4.2.3.1. The direct method 165 4.2.3.2. External control samples 166 4.2.3.3. Internal control samples 166 4.3. Identification of the crystal system and refinement of the cell parameters 167 4.3.1. Identification of the crystal system: indexing 167 4.3.2. Refinement of the cell parameters 171 4.4. Introduction to structural analysis 172 4.4.1. General ideas and fundamental concepts 173 4.4.1.1. Relation between the integrated intensity and the electron density 173 4.4.1.2. Structural analysis 175 4.4.1.3. The Patterson function 177 4.4.1.4. Two-dimensional representations of the electron density distribution 180 4.4.2. Determining and refining structures based on diagrams produced with polycrystalline samples 183 4.4.2.1. Introduction 183 4.4.2.2. Measuring the integrated intensities and establishing a structural model 184 4.4.2.3. Structure refinement: the Rietveld method 185 Part 2. Microstructural Analysis 195 Chapter 5. Scattering and Diffraction on Imperfect Crystals 197 5.1. Punctual defects 197 5.1.1. Case of a crystal containing randomly placed vacancies causing no relaxation 198 5.1.2. Case of a crystal containing associated vacancies 201 5.1.3. Effects of atom position relaxations 203 5.2. Linear defects, dislocations 205 5.2.1. Comments on the displacement term 207 5.2.2. Comments on the contrast factor 210 5.2.3. Comments on the factor f(M) 212 5.3. Planar defects. 212 5.4. Volume defects 218 5.4.1. Size of the crystals 218 5.4.2. Microstrains 226 5.4.3. Effects of the grain size and of the microstrains on the peak profiles: Fourier analysis of the diffracted intensity distribution 231 Chapter 6. Microstructural Study of Randomly Oriented Polycrystalline Samples 235 6.1. Extracting the pure profile 236 6.1.1. Methods based on deconvolution 237 6.1.1.1. Constraint free deconvolution method: Stokes' method 238 6.1.1.2. Deconvolution by iteration 242 6.1.1.3. Stabilization methods 244 6.1.1.4. The maximum entropy or likelihood method, and the Bayesian method 244 6.1.1.5. Methods based on a priori assumptions on the profile 245 6.1.2. Convolutive methods 246 6.2. Microstructural study using the integral breadth method 247 6.2.1. The Williamson-Hall method 248 6.2.2. The modified Williamson-Hall method and Voigt function fitting 250 6.2.3. Study of size anisotropy 252 6.2.4. Measurement of stacking faults 255 6.2.5. Measurements of integral breadths by whole pattern fitting 257 6.3. Microstructural study by Fourier series analysis of the peak profiles 262 6.3.1. Direct analysis: the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach method 262 6.3.2. Indirect Fourier analysis 268 6.4. Microstructural study based on the modeling of the diffraction peak profiles 270 Chapter 7. Microstructural Study of Thin Films 275 7.1. Positioning and orienting the sample 276 7.2. Study of disoriented or textured polycrystalline films 279 7.2.1. Films comprised of randomly oriented crystals 279 7.2.2. Studying textured films 285 7.2.2.1. Determining the texture 285 7.2.2.2. Quantification of the crystallographic orientation: studying texture 289 7.3. Studying epitaxial films 292 7.3.1. Studying the crystallographic orientation and determining epitaxy relations 292 7.3.1.1. Measuring the normal orientation: rocking curves 293 7.3.1.2. Measuring the in-plane orientation: phi-scan 295 7.3.2. Microstructural studies of epitaxial films 300 7.3.2.1. Reciprocal space mapping and methodology 304 7.3.2.2. Quantitative microstructural study by fitting the intensity distributions with Voigt functions 307 7.3.2.3. Quantitative microstructural study by modeling of one-dimensional intensity distributions 312 Bibliography 319 Index 349

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents an extensive manual of crystallography, including geometric crystallography, crystallochemistry, and crystallophysics. Illustrated with a wealth of figures and diagrams, it offers a thorough introduction to crystals for undergraduate and graduate students interested in learning the essentials and advanced concepts of crystallography.The book begins with basic concepts such as the geometry, morphology and symmetry of lattices, allowing readers to approach the subject from a mathematical point of view, abstracting it from its material content. In turn, the second part focuses on crystallochemistry and explains the differences between ideal and real crystals, and between static and dynamic ones. The third part of the textbook concerns crystallophysics and addresses the electrical, magnetic, mechanical, elastic and optical properties of crystals, as well as the fundamental laws and methods of X-ray diffraction.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION GEOMETRIC CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 1.- INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2.- PERIODICITY, CRYSTAL LATTICE, SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS 3.- LATTICES AND SYMMETRY 4.- POINT SYMMETRY5.- SPACE GROUPS CRYSTALLOCHEMISTRY 6.- CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES. PACKING. COORDINATION 7.- BASIC MODELS OF CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES 8.- DEFECTS. DISLOCATIONS. ISOMORPHISM 9.- POLYMORPHISM. POLYMORPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS. ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATIONS CRYSTALPHYSIC 10.- RELATION BETWEEN SYMMETRY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 11.- INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH CRYSTALS 12.- CRYSTALS AND LIGHT 13.- THE POLARIZATION MICROSCOPE 14.- OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSPARENT CRYSTALS AND MINERALS 15.- OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPAQUE CRYSTALS AND MINERALS 16.- ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, MECHANICAL AND ELASTIC PROPERTIES 17.- CRYSTALS, MINERALS AND X-RAYS 18.- BIBLIOGRAPHY 19.- EXERCISES 20.- QUESTIONNAIRES 21.- APPENDIX

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Book Synopsis The book includes several topics as per Universities curriculum of M.Sc. and M.Phil. course work in Chemistry. This covers different Physiological aspects of Bioinorganic Chemistry in terms of 4 Chapters with in-depth and up-to-date coverage. The book symmetrically presents (i) Coordination chemistry of chlorophylls/bacteriochlophylls and its functional aspects in photosynthesis, (ii) Complexes containing nitric oxide: Synthesis, reactivity, structure, bonding, and therapeutic aspects of nitric oxide releasing molecules (NORMS) in human beings and plants, (iv) Complexes containing carbon monoxide: Synthesis, reactivity, structure, bonding, and therapeutic aspects of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMS) in human beings and plants, and (iv) Advantageous role of gaseous signaling molecule, H2S: Hydrogen sulphide and their respective donors, in ophthalmic diseases and physiological implications in plants. At the end, three relevant topics are included as appendices for updating students and faculty members.

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Table of ContentsWinkeltabellen.- Erratum to: Winkeltabellen.- Erratum.

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Book SynopsisDuring his distinguished scientific career, Alfred Saupe made important contributions to liquid crystal research, laying the groundwork on which much of the current knowledge and research in the physics of liquid crystals is based. This volume features papers presented by Prof. Saupe's colleagues, students and friends at a festschrift in honor of his 70th birthday. In addition, a selection of Prof. Saupe's articles are reprinted in the original German and in English translation, offering the reader a unique opportunity to see both the early work of this important scientist and widespread effect of that work on later discoveries in liquid crystal physics.Table of Contents1. Orientational Order in Nematics: Experiment, Theory and Simulation 2. Influence of Cholesteric Solvents on the Kinetics of Schiff Base Formation from Enantiomeric Amines 3. SMECTICS/AC: Critical behavior at the Smectic-A to Nematic Transition of Confined Liquid Crystal Mixtures 4. Macrostructures in Smectic Liquid Crystals 5. LCs AND POLYMERS: Freedericksz Transition Measurements on Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal 6. Wavelength Selection in Slowly Quenched Systems 7. Selected Papers of Alfred Saupe 8. Electrically Induced Flows in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Films 9. CHOLESTERICS/BLUE PHASES: Flexoelectric Induced Vanishing of the Cholesteric Helix 10. HELIELECTRICS: FERRO/ANTIFERRO: A Pictorial Approach to Helical 11. NEMATICS: On the Role of Spherical Symmetry in the Maier-Saupe Theory 13. Dynamics of Giant Vesicles

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Book SynopsisUnearth the fun with 'Rock Your Life'- a card deck for discovering the mystic and magical world of rocks and minerals.

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Book SynopsisThis book is important because it is the first textbook in an area that has become very popular in recent times. There are around 250 research groups in crystal engineering worldwide today. The subject has been researched for around 40 years but there is still no textbook at the level of senior undergraduates and beginning PhD students. This book is expected to fill this gap.The writing style is simple, with an adequate number of exercises and problems, and the diagrams are easy to understand. This book consists major areas of the subject, including organic crystals and co-ordination polymers, and can easily form the basis of a 30 to 40 lecture course for senior undergraduates.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Intermolecular Interactions; Design Strategies; Crystallisation; Polymorphism; Solvates and Co-Crystals; Co-Ordination Polymers.

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