Crime and criminology Books

Book SynopsisUncover the financial fraud that funds terrorist organizations Trade-Based Money Laundering is an authoritative examination of this burgeoning phenomenon, now coming under scrutiny in the War on Terror. This book walks you through the signs and patterns of trade-based money laundering (TBML) to help you recognize it when it occurs, and shows you how data and analytics can be used to detect it. You''ll learn the common value transfer techniques including invoice fraud, over-and-under invoicing, and misrepresentation, and learn why analytic detection systems have yet to be implemented despite the existence of copious data. Case studies from around the world highlight the real-life implications of the concepts and processes presented in the text, giving you a first-hand view of the mechanisms at work inside this expanding illegal market. Trade-based money laundering uses trade to convert large quantities of illicit cash into less conspicuous assets or commodities to evTable of ContentsForeword ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii About the Author xix Chapter 1 The Next Frontier 1 Chapter 2 Trade-Based Money Laundering Techniques: Invoice Fraud 13 Chapter 3 Black Market Peso Exchange 33 Chapter 4 Hawala: An Alternative Remittance System 49 Chapter 5 Chinese Flying Money 73 Chapter 6 Misuse of the International Gold Trade 89 Chapter 7 Commercial TBML 111 Chapter 8 More Schemes and Facilitators 125 Chapter 9 Monitoring Trade 145 Chapter 10 Red-Flag Indicators 167 Chapter 11 Conclusions and Recommendations 177 Appendix A Money-Laundering Primer 195 Appendix B Original Trade Transparency Unit (TTU) Proposal 207 Glossary 217 Index 225

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Book SynopsisThe first book devoted to a critically important aspect of disaster planning, management, and mitigation Technology and Emergency Management, Second Edition describes best practices for technology use in emergency planning, response, recovery, and mitigation. It also describes the key elements that must be in place for technology to enhance the emergency management process. The tools, resources, and strategies discussed have been applied by organizations worldwide tasked with planning for and managing every variety of natural and man-made hazard and disaster.Illustrative case studies based on their experiences appear throughout the book. This new addition of the critically acclaimed guide has been fully updated and expanded to reflect significant developments occurring in the field over the past decade. It features in-depth coverage of major advances in GIS technologies, including the development of mapping tools and high-resolution remote sensing imagingTable of ContentsConcept xiii About the Author xiv List of Contributors xv About the Companion Website xvi 1 The Need for Technology in Emergency Management 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Technology and Disaster Management 2 1.1.1 Focus on Current and Emerging Technology 3 1.2 Technology as a Management Tool 4 1.2.1 Response to Complex Disaster Events 5 1.2.2 Ease of Use of Technology 5 1.3 Using Technologies 6 1.3.1 Technology in a Changing Environment 8 1.3.2 Examples of Technology 8 1.3.3 Communicate Quickly 8 1.3.4 Develop a Better Understanding of Hazards 9 1.3.5 Improve Response 9 1.3.6 Increase Coordination 9 1.3.7 Improve Efficiency 9 1.3.8 Training 9 1.4 Completing a Needs Assessment 10 1.4.1 Nature of a Needs Assessment 10 1.4.2 Steps to Complete a Needs Assessment 11 1.4.3 Implementing the Needs Assessment 12 1.4.4 Impacts of Implementing Innovation 12 Summary 14 Key Terms 14 Assess Your Understanding 14 References 15 2 Computer Networks and Emergency Management 17 Introduction 18 2.1 What Is a Network? 19 2.2 Types of Networks 19 2.2.1 Local Area Network 19 2.2.2 Metropolitan Area Network 20 2.2.3 Wide Area Network 20 2.2.4 Personal Area Network 21 2.3 The Internet 21 2.4 Communication Technologies 24 2.4.1 Wired Network Technologies 24 2.4.2 Long‐Range Wireless Network Technologies 27 2.4.3 Short‐Range Wireless Network Technologies 30 2.5 The Internet and Emergency Management 32 2.6 IoT and Emergency Management 35 Summary 38 Key Terms 38 Assess Your Understanding 40 References 40 3 Cyber Security.42 Introduction 43 3.1 Sources of Attacks 45 3.2 Attack Vectors 46 3.2.1 Vulnerabilities 46 3.2.2 Phishing 46 3.2.3 Stolen Credentials 47 3.2.4 Web Applications 47 3.2.5 Point of Sale Intrusions 48 3.2.6 Payment Card Skimmers 49 3.2.7 Insider and Privilege Misuse 49 3.2.8 Physical Theft and Loss 49 3.2.9 Denial of Service Attacks 49 3.3 Overview of Malware 49 3.3.1 Malware Propagation 50 3.3.2 Malware Payload 51 3.4 Securing Cyber Systems 52 3.5 Securing Data 54 3.6 Cyber Security Attack Recovery 56 Summary 57 Key Terms 57 Assess Your Understanding 59 References 59 4 Social Media and Emergency Management 61 Introduction 62 4.1 Situational Awareness, Emergency Communications, and the Public Realm 62 4.2 What Is Social Media? 64 4.2.1 The Birth of Web 2.0 64 4.3 Types of Social Media Used in Disasters 65 4.4 Mass Alert Systems 67 4.5 Mass Media and Social Media Use in Virginia Tech Shooting Response 67 4.5.1 Information Communication Technologies 69 4.6 What Is a Disaster? 69 4.7 Usage Patterns of Social Media Over Time 70 4.8 Social Media’s Growth and the Role of Traditional Sources 73 4.8.1 Role of Social Media in Disasters 74 4.8.2 Use of Social Media by People Affected by Crisis 74 4.9 Use of Social Media for Preparedness and Planning 74 4.9.1 Expansion of Communication Networks 75 4.10 Use of Social Media Before and During Mass Emergencies 75 4.10.1 Emergency Managers’ Use of Social Media in Response 76 4.10.2 Emergency Managers in Listening Mode 76 4.10.3 Managing the Use of Twitter or Facebook 76 4.10.4 Information‐Vetting Dynamics 76 4.10.5 Building Resiliency 77 4.10.6 Changing Nature of Social Behaviors 78 4.11 Issues Arising from the Use of Social Media by Emergency Managers During Events 81 4.11.1 Changing Role of PIO 81 4.12 Using Social Media to Establish Information on Damages and Recovery 81 4.12.1 Evolving Networks 82 4.12.2 Expanding Information Relevant to a Specific Event 82 4.12.3 Expanded Communication Benefits 83 4.13 The Advantages and Fall backs of Geo targeting 83 4.14 Social Media Companies’ Contribution to Emergency Response 84 4.14.1 Information Dissemination and Feedback 84 4.15 Concerns About and Limitations of Social Media Usage in Disasters 85 4.15.1 Misleading Information 85 4.15.2 Dependable Networks 85 4.15.3 Reliable Information Sources 86 4.15.4 Communicating with a Broad Audience 86 4.15.5 Managing a Large Quantity of Data 86 4.16 The Future of Social Media in Disasters 87 4.16.1 New Role for the Public in a Crisis 87 4.16.2 Dynamic Nature of Social Media 87 4.16.3 Social Media as a Valuable Resource 88 4.16.4 Self‐correcting Nature of Social Media 88 4.16.5 Accuracy of Information 88 4.16.6 Threats of Technology Failure 88 4.16.7 Case Example: Crowd funding and Remote Emergency Response: 2010 Haitian Earthquake as a Case Study 89 4.16.8 Examining the Use of Social Media in Haiti 90 4.17 Looking Forward 91 Key Terms 91 Assess Your Understanding 93 References 94 5 Geospatial Technologies and Emergency Management 97 Introduction 98 5.1 Geospatial Technologies and Emergency Management 99 5.1.1 Elements of GT 99 5.1.2 Use of GT to Answer Questions in Emergency Management 100 5.2 GT Across the Human–Hazard Interface 100 5.2.1 Our People 100 5.2.2 Limitations of Census Data 101 5.3 Our Resources 104 5.3.1 Understanding Critical Infrastructure 104 5.3.2 Understanding Critical Social Infrastructure 105 5.3.3 Resources of Social Importance 106 5.3.4 Spatial Video Geo narrative 107 5.4 Understanding Our Hazards 108 5.4.1 Natural Hazards Casualties in the United States 108 5.4.2 Hazard Zonation 109 5.4.3 Our Human–Hazard Interface 110 5.4.4 Understanding Overlays and Buffers 110 5.5 Dissemination and Hazard Communication 112 5.5.1 Contribution of Google Earth 113 5.6 Summary 113 5.7 Conclusions 115 Key Terms 116 Assess Your Understanding 117 References 117 6 Direct and Remote Sensing Systems: Describing and Detecting Hazards 120 Introduction 121 6.1 Data Collection 121 6.2 Weather Stations 124 6.2.1 Weather Station Data 125 6.2.2 Weather Station Networks 126 6.2.3 Geospatial Multi‐agency Coordination Wildfire Application 127 6.3 Water Data Sensors 128 6.3.1 Flood Warning Systems for Local Communities 128 6.3.2 Rain and Stream Gauges 130 6.3.3 How a USGS Stream Gauge Works 130 6.3.4 The USGS Stream Gaging Program 131 6.3.5 Using USGS Stream‐flow Data for Emergency Management 131 6.4 Air Sensors 132 6.4.1 Outdoor Air Quality Sensors 132 6.4.2 Chemical Sensors 133 6.5 Evaluating the Technology133 6.6 Remote Sensing 134 6.6.1 An Overview of Remote Sensing 135 6.6.2 Optical Satellite Remote Sensing 136 6.6.3 Satellite Remote Sensing of Weather 145 6.6.4 Radar Imaging 147 6.6.5 Manned and Unmanned Airborne Remote Sensing 147 6.7 Using and Assessing Data 150 6.8 Trends in Remote and Direct Sensing Technology 151 Summary 151 Key Terms 152 Online Resources 154 Assess Your Understanding 155 References155 7 Emergency Management Decision Support Systems: Using Data to Manage Disasters 157 Introduction 158 7.1 Emergency Management Information Systems and Networks 158 7.2 Evaluating Information Systems 161 7.2.1 Quality 161 7.2.2 Timeliness 161 7.2.3 Completeness 162 7.2.4 Performance 162 7.3 Federal, State, and Local Information Systems 163 7.3.1 Management Information Systems 163 7.3.2 The National Emergency Management Information System 163 7.3.3 Computer Aided Management of Emergency Operations 164 7.4 Using Data 165 7.4.1 Databases 166 7.4.2 Data Dictionary (Meta‐data) 166 7.5 Evaluating Databases 168 7.6 Using Emergency Management Databases 169 7.6.1 HAZUS‐MH Datasets 171 7.7 Management Roles in Decision Support Systems 171 7.8 Obtaining Data from Public Federal Data Sources 172 7.9 The Future of Decision Support Systems: The Intelligent Community 173 Summary 174 Key Terms 174 Assess Your Understanding 174 References 175 8 Warning Systems: Alerting the Public to Danger 177 Introduction 178 8.1 Warning Systems 178 8.1.1 Key Information 178 8.1.2 Key Components of Warning Systems 178 8.1.3 Warning Subsystems 179 8.2 Detection and Management 180 8.2.1 Case Study: Detection at aLocal Level 180 8.2.2 National Weather Service 182 8.2.3 Case Study: Detection at a National Level 184 8.3 Issuing Warnings 185 8.3.1 Technical Issues 185 8.3.2 Organizational Issues 185 8.3.3 Societal Issues 187 8.4 Types of Warning Systems 187 8.4.1 Sirens 188 8.4.2 The Emergency Alert System 188 8.4.3 Phone Alert Systems: Reverse 911 190 8.4.4 Disadvantages of Phone Notification Systems 190 8.4.5 Communicating with Those with Disabilities 190 8.4.6 Barriers to Warnings 191 8.4.7 Case Example: A Nuclear Disaster 191 8.5 Response 193 8.5.1 Case Study: Response to Hurricane Katrina 194 Summary 194 Key Terms 195 AssessYourUnderstanding195 References195 9 Hazards Analysis and Modeling: Predicting the Impact of Disasters 197 Introduction 198 9.1 Modeling and Emergency Management 198 9.1.1 The Technology behind Modeling 199 9.1.2 Mathematical Models 201 9.1.3 Understanding the Results of Modeling 202 9.1.4 Fast Exchange of Model Results to Users 203 9.2 Using a Hurricane Model (SLOSH) 203 9.2.1 SLOSH for Planning, Response, Recovery, and Mitigation 205 9.2.2 SLOSH Display Program 206 9.2.3 Strengths of SLOSH2 06 9.2.4 Limitations of SLOSH 206 9.2.5 Saffir–Simps on Scale 208 9.3 Using the ALOHA Chemical Dispersion Model 209 9.3.1 How ALOHA Works 210 9.3.2 Model Outputs 210 9.3.3 Threat Zone Estimates and Threat at a Point 210 9.3.4 Strengths of ALOHA 211 9.3.5 Limitations of ALOHA212 9.3.6 Terms Used in ALOHA 213 9.3.7 Concentration Patchiness, Particularly Near the Source215 9.4 Hazards United States—Multi Hazard Model 216 9.4.1 Strengths of HAZUS‐MH 219 9.4.2 Limitations of HAZUS‐MH 220 9.4.3 Multi risk Assessment 220 9.5 Evacuation Modeling 220 9.6 Centralized Hazard Modeling Initiatives 221 9.6.1 Fire Potential Modeling 221 9.6.2 Drought Modeling 223 9.7 Evaluating Hazard Models 224 Summary 225 Key Terms 225 Assess Your Understanding 226 References 226 10 Operational Problems and Technology: Making Technology Work for You 228 Introduction 229 10.1 Barriers in Implementing Technology in Emergency Management 229 10.2 The Role of the Emergency Manager in Using Technology 231 10.2.1 Managing an Organization 233 10.3 Using Technology to Overcome Organizational Boundaries 234 10.4 Pitfalls of Technology 235 10.4.1 Reliance on Technology 235 10.4.2 Obsolescence 236 10.4.3 Information Overload 236 10.4.4 Data Integration 236 10.4.5 Real‐Time Response Data 237 10.4.6 Security 237 10.5 Managing the Technology 237 Summary 240 Key Terms 240 Assess Your Understanding 240 References 240 11 Trends in Technology: New Tools for Challenges to Emergency Management 242 Introduction 243 11.1 Using Technology for Information Exchange 243 11.1.1 Emergency Preparedness Information Exchange 244 11.1.2 Television and Internet Information 244 11.1.3 Digital Libraries and Publications 244 11.2 Distance Learning 246 11.2.1 Using Remote Technology 246 11.2.2 Disaster Situational Maps 247 11.2.3 Federal Agency Situational Mapping Programs249 11.2.4 Innovative Visualization Efforts 252 11.2.5 Updating Outputs 252 11.3 Managing the Technology 253 11.3.1 Organizational Coordination and Collaboration Strategies 254 11.3.2 Technology Life Cycles 254 11.3.3 Engaging Stakeholders 255 11.3.4 Information Exchange 255 11.3.5 Dealing with Information Overload 256 Summary 257 Key Terms 257 Assess Your Understanding 257 References 257 Figure Credits 260 Index 261

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Book SynopsisThe potential of crime prevention, security and community safety is constrained by implementation failure. This book presents a carefully-designed system of good practice, the 5Is, which handles the complexities of real world prevention, this aims to improve the performance of prevention, and advance process evaluation.Trade Review"Ekblom can be your guide." - Professional Security blog, Feb 2011 'The clarity of the style makes the book enjoyable and allows the author's reasoning to be easily followed...Ekblom identifies ground-level practitioners, delivery managers, and policy makers as his principal audience. Given the extensive use of examples from past crime-prevention projects, his book is actually a valid support for each of these three groups in their work. The book may also be attractive to researchers and students in applied criminology, as the 5Is framework is not only a practical, but also a research, tool.' - European Journal on Criminal Policy and ResearchTable of ContentsSeries Editor's Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Implementation Failure: The Dismal Story Implicated Ignorance and Culpable Confusion: The Contribution to Implementation Failure of Deficient Knowledge and Articulacy The Gift to be Simple? How Avoiding the Issue of Complexity Contributes to Implementation Failure Appropriate Complexity Specification for a Knowledge Framework Introducing the 5Is Framework Conceptual Companions to 5Is: Defining Crime Prevention Activities, Institutional Contexts and Values A Companion Framework for Causes of Crime and Preventive Interventions: The Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity Presenting the Is in Detail Intelligence Intervention Implementation Involvement Impact – and Process Evaluation Conclusion End notes References Index

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Book SynopsisThe Blackwell Companion to Criminology provides a contemporary and global resource to scholarship in both classical and topical areas of criminology. Written accessibly, and with its international perspective and first-rate scholarship, this is truly the first global handbook of criminology.Trade Review"A cosmopolitan collection characterized by freshness of perspective. Critical sociological insight on crime at its best." John Braithwaite, Australian National University "If The Blackwell Companion to Criminology is read widely and carefully, and absorbed thoroughly – as it most certainly should be – it will shake criminology out of its intellectual sloth and parochialism." Gilbert Geis, University of California "The Blackwell Companion to Criminology is a comprehensive reference work designed for those interested in the study of crime, and its causes, effects, trends, and institutions... Taken together, this edited book is a welcome contribution, and essential reading for those studying elements of criminology and criminal justice." The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice "Many of these essays are brimming with powerful reasoning and vitally informative details … Strengths lie in the analyses of such topics as modern genocide, juvenile crime, female offenders, elite offenders, international outlaw networks, globalization effects on crime trends, and information technologies. Also beneficial are the tightly reasoned critiques of how crime is communicated to the public and targeted by state agencies. As they explore cutting-edge questions in criminology, readers will find sophisticated theoretical scholarship, especially regarding modern and postmodern frameworks, feminism, critical cultural studies, and neo-Marxism … Summing Up: Essential.” Choice Choice Outstanding Title “A welcome addition … well written and … generally sophisticated, challenging, and provocative … offers much needed diversity, depth, and breadth … global approach is timely.” Criminal Justice ReviewTable of ContentsPreface. List of Contributors. Part I: Crime, Justice, and Societies:. 1. The Social Nature of Crime and Deviance: Colin Sumner. 2. Theories of Social Control and the State between American and European Shores: Dario Melossi (University of Bologna). 3. Criminal Justice Process and the War on Crime: Markus Dirk Dubber (State University of New York). 4. Criminology, Genocide, and Modernity: Remarks on the Companion that Criminology Ignored: Wayne Morrison (University of London). Part II: Juvenile Delinquency and Justice for Youth:. 5. The Criminologists’ Gang: Jack Katz and Curtis Jackson-Jacobs (both University of California, Los Angeles). 6. Youth Crime and Crime Control in Contemporary Japan:Mark Fenwick (Kyushu University, Japan). 7. Consumer Culture and Crime inLate Modernity: Keith J. Hayward (University of Kent). 8. The Politics of Youth Crime and Justice in South Africa: Elrena van der Spuy (University of Cape Town), Wilfried Schärf (University of Cape Town), and Jeffrey Lever (University of Stellensbosch, Cape Town). Part III: Punishment and Its Alternatives:. 9. Penal Policies and Contemporary Politics: Pat O’Malley (University of Sydney). 10. Beyond Bricks, Bars, and Barbed Wire: The Genesis and Proliferation of Alternatives to Incarceration in the United States: Barry R. Holman and Robert A. Brown (Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis). 11. Rehabilitation: An Assessment of Theory and Research: Mark W. Lipsey (Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy), Nana A. Landenberger (Vanderbilt Institute for Public Policy), and Gabrielle L. Chapman (Tennessee Department of Corrections). 12. Female Punishment: From Patriarchy to Backlash? Laureen Snider (Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario). Part IV: Gender and the Masculinity of Crime:. 13. Beyond Bad Girls: Feminist Perspectives on Female Offending: Meda Chesney-Lind (University of Hawaii). 14. Managing “Men’s Violence” in the Criminological Arena: Adrian Howe (University of Central Lanacshire). 15. Masculinities and Crime: Rethinking the “Man Question”? Richard Collier (University of Newcastle upon Tyne). 16. “Abominable and Detestable”: Understanding Homophobia and the Criminalization of Sodomy: Mary Bernstein (University of Connecticut). 17. The Gendering and Racializing of Criminalized Others: Elizabeth Comack (University of Manitoba). Part IV: Capital, Power, and Crime:. 18. White-Collar Crime: Amedeo Cottino (University of Turin). 19. “Dance Your Anger and Your Joys”: Multinational Corporations, Power, “Crime”: Frank Pearce (Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario) and Steve Tombs (Liverpool John Moores University). 20. Globalization and the Illicit Drugs Trade in Hong Kong: K. Joe Laidler (University of Hong Kong). 21. Trafficking in Human Beings and Related Crimes in West and Central Africa: Alexis A. Aronowitz (University College of Utrecht) and Monika Peruffo (International Organization for Migrations Mission in Columbia). Part V: Globalization, Crime, and Information:. 22. Globality, Globalization, and Private Policing: A Caribbean Case Study: Maureen Cain (University of Birmingham). 23. The Rise of the Surveillant State in Times of Globalization: Thomas Mathiesen (University of Oslo). 24. The Politics of Crime Statistics: William J. Chambliss (George Washington University). 25. Two Realities of Police Communication: Aaron Doyle (Carleton University, Ottawa) and Richard Ericson (University of Toronto). 26. Hacktivism: Resistance is Fertile? Paul A. Taylor (University of Leeds). Index

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Book SynopsisPacked with new examples and material, this second edition provides a fully up-to-date exploration of the genesis, dynamics, and demise of moral panics and their impacts on the societies in which they take place. Packed with updated and recent examples including terrorism, the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Towers, school shootings, flag burning, and the early-2000s resurgence of the sex slave scare Includes a new chapter on the media, currently regarded as a major component of the moral panic Devotes a chapter to addressing criticisms of the first edition as well as the moral panics concept itself Written by long-established experts in the field Designed to fit both self-contained courses on moral panics and wider courses on deviance Trade Review"This close reading of the facts behind a media story are the essence of Goode and Ben-Yehuda's work. They have taken the time and trouble to try and see what is a moral panic and what is true." (Metapsychology, March 2010)Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements viii Prologue 1 1 Enter the Moral Panic 20 2 The Moral Panic: An Introduction 34 3 Three Theories of the Moral Panic 51 4 The Moral Panic Meets Its Critics 73 5 The Media Ignite and Embody the Moral Panic 88 6 Deviance, Morality, and Criminal Law 109 7 Collective Behavior 129 8 Social Movements 141 9 Social Problems 150 10 The Renaissance Witch Craze 168 11 Drug Abuse Panics 197 12 The Feminist Anti-Pornography Crusade 218 Epilogue: The Demise and Institutionalization of the Moral Panic 245 References 251 Author Index 270 Subject Index 275

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Book SynopsisHow progressive good intentions failed at Coxsackie, once a model New York State prison for youth offenders.Should prisons attempt reform and uplift inmates or, by means of principled punishment, deter them from further wrongdoing? This debate has raged in Western Europe and in the United States at least since the late eighteenth century. Joseph F. Spillane examines the failure of progressive reform in New York State by focusing on Coxsackie, a New Deal reformatory built for young male offenders. Opened in 1935 to serve adolescents adrift, Coxsackie instead became an unstable and brutalizing prison. From the start, the liberal impulse underpinning the prison's mission was overwhelmed by challenges it was unequipped or unwilling to facedrugs, gangs, and racial conflict.Spillane draws on detailed prison records to reconstruct a life behind bars in which ungovernable young men posed constant challenges to racial and cultural order. The New Deal order of the Trade ReviewDamn it's compelling... If you're interested in the historical roots of our prison system, you ought to spend an evening with this book. -- Alfred Brophy, UNC School of Law The Faculty Lounge Archival shelves laden with criminal justice records await informed examination. Historian Spillane found a pertinent data set and analyzed it, brilliantly so. Choice Should be required reading for historians of juvenile and criminal corrections... Presents a compelling cautionary tale that contemporary would-be reformers ignore at their peril, while offering important new insights for scholars. American Historical ReviewTable of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction: The Ashes of ReformPart I: The Rapid Rise of Prison Reform in New York, 1929–19441. The Reformer's Mural: The Liberal Penal Imagination2. A New Deal for Prisons: The Politics of Reform in New YorkPart II: Prison Lives and the World of the Reformatory3. Adolescents Adrift: Young Men on the Road to Coxsackie4. Against the Wall: Survival and Resistance at Coxsackie5. Reform at Work: Ideas into Action at Coxsackie6. A Conspiracy of Frustration: Coming HomePart III: The Slow Death of Prison Reform in New York 1944–19777. The Frying Pan and the Fire: The Reformatory in Crisis, 1944–19638. Out of Time: Coxsackie and the End of the Reform Idea9. Floodtide: Coxsackie and Post-Reformatory Prison Politics, 1963–1977Conclusion: The Ghost of Prisons FutureNotesEssay on SourcesIndex

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Book SynopsisIn this groundbreaking book that is built on decades of work on the front lines of the criminal justice system, expert psychologist Craig Haney provides a blueprint for fundamental reform by changing our understanding of who commits crime and why. Based on a comprehensive review and analysis of psychological research, Haney offers a carefully constructed framework for enhancing legal fairness and reducing crime through proactive prevention instead of reactive punishment. Haney meticulously reviews evidence documenting the ways in which a person’s social history, institutional experiences, and present circumstances powerfully shape their life course, with a special focus on the role of social, economic, and racial injustice in crime causation. He thus effectively debunks the “crime master narrative”—the widespread myth that criminality is a product of free and autonomous “bad” choices—an increasingly anachronistic view that cannot bear the weighTrade ReviewInstead of punitive, oppressive, and racist social control, the author vividly delineates a model of compassionate, innovative, and progressive reforms that will transform the current “politically” driven, chaotic system into an effective criminal justice model. Including policing, the judicial system, and the penal system in the realm of criminal justice reform, Criminality in Context is a wonderful read for all people vested in better understanding the intersections among crime, legal and penal policy, and the criminal justice system as a whole. * Choice Reviews *Table of ContentsForeword, by Shadd Maruna Preface Introduction Chapter 1: Individualistic Myths and the Crime Master Narrative Chapter 2: Risks and Contexts: An Alternative Paradigm for Understanding Criminality Chapter 3: Criminogenic Trauma: Social History and the Life Course Chapter 4: Institutional Failure: State Intervention as Criminogenic Risk Chapter 5: Criminogenic Contexts: Immediate Situations, Settings, and Circumstances Chapter 6: Poverty: Structural Risk and Criminal Behavior Chapter 7: The Criminogenics of Race in a Divided Society: Racialized Criminality and Biographical Racism Chapter 8: Individualistic Myths and the Disregard of Context: Deconstructing “Equally Free Autonomous Choice” Chapter 9: Reorienting the Law: Context-Based Legal Reforms Chapter 10: Pursuing Social Justice: An Agenda for Fair, Effective, and Humane Crime PolicyAfterword

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Book SynopsisMore and more states are legalizing marijuana in some form. Moreover, a majority of the U.S. population is in favor of the drug for recreational use. In the Weeds looks at how our society has become more permissive in the past 150 yearseven though marijuana is still considered a Schedule I drug by the American government.Sociologists Clayton Mosher and Scott Akins take a deep dive into marijuana policy reform, looking at the incremental developments and the historical, legal, social, and political implications of these changes. They investigate the effects, medicinal applications, and possible harms of marijuana. In the Weeds also considers arguments that youth will be heavy users of legalized cannabis, and shows how weed is demonized by exaggerations of the drug's risks and claims of its lack of medicinal value. Mosher and Akins end their timely and insightful book by tracing the distinct paths to the legalization of recreational marijuana in the United States and other countries as w

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Book SynopsisViolence against women on college campuses has remained underreported and often under addressed by both campus security and local law enforcement, as well as campus administrators. The researchers, practitioners, and activists who contribute to thispertinent volume Addressing Violence Against Women on College Campuses examine the extent, nature, dynamic and contexts of violence against women at institutions of higher education. This book is designed to facilitate an ongoing discussion and provide direction on how best to prevent and investigate violence against women, and intervene to assist victims while reducing the impact of these crimes. Chapters detail the necessary changes and implications that are part of Title IX and other federal legislation and initiatives as well as the effect these changes have had for higher education actors, including campus administrators, victim advocates, and student activists. The contributors also explore the importance of campus efforts to estimat

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Book SynopsisViolence against women on college campuses has remained underreported and often under addressed by both campus security and local law enforcement, as well as campus administrators. The researchers, practitioners, and activists who contribute to thispertinent volume Addressing Violence Against Women on College Campuses examine the extent, nature, dynamic and contexts of violence against women at institutions of higher education. This book is designed to facilitate an ongoing discussion and provide direction on how best to prevent and investigate violence against women, and intervene to assist victims while reducing the impact of these crimes. Chapters detail the necessary changes and implications that are part of Title IX and other federal legislation and initiatives as well as the effect these changes have had for higher education actors, including campus administrators, victim advocates, and student activists. The contributors also explore the importance of campus efforts to estimat

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Book SynopsisAre sex workers victims, criminals, orjust trying to make a living? Over the last five years, public policy and academic discourse have moved from criminalization of sex workers to victim-based understanding, shaped by human trafficking. While most research focuses on macro-level policies and theories, less is known about the on-the-ground perspectives of people whose lives are impacted by sex work, including attorneys, social workers, police officers, probation officers, and sex workers themselves. Challenging Perspectives on Street-Based Sex Work brings the voices of lower-echelon sex workers and those individuals charged with policy development and enforcement into conversation with one another. Chapters highlight some of the current approaches to sex work, such as diversion courts, trafficking task forces, law enforcement assisted diversion and decriminalization. It also examines how sex workers navigate seldom-discussed social phenomenon like gentrification, pregnancy, imperiali

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Book SynopsisAre sex workers victims, criminals, orjust trying to make a living? Over the last five years, public policy and academic discourse have moved from criminalization of sex workers to victim-based understanding, shaped by human trafficking. While most research focuses on macro-level policies and theories, less is known about the on-the-ground perspectives of people whose lives are impacted by sex work, including attorneys, social workers, police officers, probation officers, and sex workers themselves. Challenging Perspectives on Street-Based Sex Work brings the voices of lower-echelon sex workers and those individuals charged with policy development and enforcement into conversation with one another. Chapters highlight some of the current approaches to sex work, such as diversion courts, trafficking task forces, law enforcement assisted diversion and decriminalization. It also examines how sex workers navigate seldom-discussed social phenomenon like gentrification, pregnancy, imperiali

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Book SynopsisThe editors and contributors to Wildlife Crime examine topical issues from extinction to trafficking in order to understand the ecological, economic, political, and social costs and consequences of these crimes. Drawing from diverse theoretical perspectives, empirical and methodological developments, and on-the-ground experiences of practitioners, this comprehensive volume looks at how conservationists and law enforcement grapple with and combat environmental crimes and the profitable market for illegal trade.Chapters cover criminological perspectives on species poaching, unregulated fishing, the trading of ivory and rhino horns, the adoption of conservation technologies, and ranger workplaces and conditions. The book includes firsthand experiences and research from China, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Peru, Russia, South Africa, Tanzania, and the United States. The result is a significant book about the causes of and response to wildlife crime.Contributors include: Johan Berg

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Book SynopsisWhen cases of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) by predatory men are reported in the media, it is often presented that a young, innocent girl has been abused by bad men with their demand for sex and profit. This narrative has shaped popular understandings of young people in the commercialized sex trades, sparking new policy responses. However, the authors of Youth Who Trade Sex in the U.S. challenge this dominant narrative as incomplete. Carisa Showden and Samantha Majic investigate young people's engagement in the sex trades through an intersectional lens.The authors examine the dominant policy narrative's history and the political circumstances generating its emergence and current form. With this background, Showden and Majic review and analyze research published since 2000 about young people who trade sex since 2000 to develop an intersectional matrix of agency and vulnerability designed to improve research, policy, and community interventions that center the needs of these younTrade Review"Anyone who keeps abreast of the news is aware of the master narrative of youth sex trafficking in the US.... This book argues that the narrative conceals far more than it explains.... The authors base their conclusions on a rigorous methodological analysis and critique of 128 peer-reviewed studies.... The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are detailed in what the authors call a comprehensive narrative analysis (CNA), which is amply supported by informative tables. This book should be required reading for all graduate students in the social and behavioral sciences. The intersectional methodological analysis is superb. Summing Up: Essential.-- CHOICE

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Book SynopsisWhen cases of domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) by predatory men are reported in the media, it is often presented that a young, innocent girl has been abused by bad men with their demand for sex and profit. This narrative has shaped popular understandings of young people in the commercialized sex trades, sparking new policy responses. However, the authors of Youth Who Trade Sex in the U.S. challenge this dominant narrative as incomplete. Carisa Showden and Samantha Majic investigate young people's engagement in the sex trades through an intersectional lens.The authors examine the dominant policy narrative's history and the political circumstances generating its emergence and current form. With this background, Showden and Majic review and analyze research published since 2000 about young people who trade sex since 2000 to develop an intersectional matrix of agency and vulnerability designed to improve research, policy, and community interventions that center the needs of these younTrade Review"Anyone who keeps abreast of the news is aware of the master narrative of youth sex trafficking in the US.... This book argues that the narrative conceals far more than it explains.... The authors base their conclusions on a rigorous methodological analysis and critique of 128 peer-reviewed studies.... The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are detailed in what the authors call a comprehensive narrative analysis (CNA), which is amply supported by informative tables. This book should be required reading for all graduate students in the social and behavioral sciences. The intersectional methodological analysis is superb. Summing Up: Essential.-- CHOICE

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Book SynopsisCommunity Courts are designed to handle a city's low-level offenses and quality-of-life crimes, such as littering, loitering, or public drunkenness. Court advocates maintain that these largely victimless crimes jeopardize the well-being of residents, businesses, and visitors. Whereas traditional courts might dismiss such cases or administer a small fine, community courts aim to meaningfully punish offenders to avoid disorder escalating to apocalyptic decline. Courting the Community is a fascinating ethnography that goes behind the scenes to explore how quality-of-life discourses are translated into court practices that marry therapeutic and rehabilitative ideas. Christine Zozula shows how residents and businesses participate in meting out justicesuch as through community service, treatment, or other sanctionsmaking it more emotional, less detached, and more legitimate in the eyes of stakeholders. She also examines both impact panels, in which offenders, residents, and business owners m

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Book SynopsisCommunity Courts are designed to handle a city's low-level offenses and quality-of-life crimes, such as littering, loitering, or public drunkenness. Court advocates maintain that these largely victimless crimes jeopardize the well-being of residents, businesses, and visitors. Whereas traditional courts might dismiss such cases or administer a small fine, community courts aim to meaningfully punish offenders to avoid disorder escalating to apocalyptic decline. Courting the Community is a fascinating ethnography that goes behind the scenes to explore how quality-of-life discourses are translated into court practices that marry therapeutic and rehabilitative ideas. Christine Zozula shows how residents and businesses participate in meting out justicesuch as through community service, treatment, or other sanctionsmaking it more emotional, less detached, and more legitimate in the eyes of stakeholders. She also examines both impact panels, in which offenders, residents, and business owners m

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Book SynopsisArgues that contemporary identity politics divides gang members and their communities across racial linesTrade Review“This is a provocative, clearly-written participant-ethnographic and mixed-methods longue durée study of Los Angeles gangs that documents the tragedy of racialized urban killing fields in the United States. Weide argues that racist law enforcement governance practices and the populist appeal of U.S. race-based identity politics blind the most vulnerable sectors of the surplus working class to their common political-material self-interests.”—Philippe Bourgois, author of In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio and coauthor of Righteous Dopefiend“Divide & Conquer focuses on the agency of gang members and the imprisoned in order to highlight their experiences and analyses that allow them to engineer prison strikes for human rights, win concessions, and decrease violence and harm. With complex organizing, they build transracial/ethnic unity within dangerous California prisons. Their leadership challenges violent captivity to offer transracial peacemaking and solidarity strategies. Departing from popular abolitionist narratives, Divide & Conquer reminds us that we need transformative leadership from those inside prison and underground economies as they, and we, collectively challenge the racism, capitalism, poverty, exploitation, and dishonor that shape our alienation.”—Joy James, author of In Pursuit of Revolutionary Love: Precarity, Power, Communities“Divide & Conquer is groundbreaking gang scholarship featuring a tremendous amount of historical background and 'insider' knowledge. Weide systematically analyzes and describes the black and brown tension among gangs in Los Angeles. The remarkable access Weide had to so many L.A. gang members and his ability to get them to speak about this sensitive issue are invaluable. This book certainly poses a challenge to the conventional gang and race/ethnicity literature.”—Randol Contreras, Associate Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at the University of California, Riverside, and author of The Stickup Kids: Race, Drugs, Violence, and the American Dream"[A]n excellent ethnographic case-study.... Divide and Conquer offers a compelling read and conceptual rethink of gang identities and violence in contemporary urban landscapes not just in America but across the capitalist world.... Divide and Conquer is [a] ground-breaking study that challenges conventional conceptualizations and approaches to the gang and race/ethnicity literature. You know it is a good book when it draws you into the scholarship and makes you question your own conceptual approach to studying gangs."—Ethnic and Racial Studies"[Weide's] analysis lands like a Molotov cocktail, exploding the racialist ideologies that give shape not only to much contemporary scholarship, political chatter, and community activism, but—most importantly to the author—also to the gang dynamics pervading the streets of Los Angeles and the prisons of California.... Divide & Conquer is an insider participant ethnography spanning a decade of formal fieldwork and perhaps three decades of lived experience and observation.... Gang members are lucky to have Weide as a comrade in their ongoing struggles; everyone else is lucky to have him as a scholarly documentarian of these important efforts." —Social Forces

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Book SynopsisArgues that contemporary identity politics divides gang members and their communities across racial linesTrade Review“This is a provocative, clearly-written participant-ethnographic and mixed-methods longue durée study of Los Angeles gangs that documents the tragedy of racialized urban killing fields in the United States. Weide argues that racist law enforcement governance practices and the populist appeal of U.S. race-based identity politics blind the most vulnerable sectors of the surplus working class to their common political-material self-interests.”—Philippe Bourgois, author of In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio and coauthor of Righteous Dopefiend“Divide & Conquer focuses on the agency of gang members and the imprisoned in order to highlight their experiences and analyses that allow them to engineer prison strikes for human rights, win concessions, and decrease violence and harm. With complex organizing, they build transracial/ethnic unity within dangerous California prisons. Their leadership challenges violent captivity to offer transracial peacemaking and solidarity strategies. Departing from popular abolitionist narratives, Divide & Conquer reminds us that we need transformative leadership from those inside prison and underground economies as they, and we, collectively challenge the racism, capitalism, poverty, exploitation, and dishonor that shape our alienation.”—Joy James, author of In Pursuit of Revolutionary Love: Precarity, Power, Communities“Divide & Conquer is groundbreaking gang scholarship featuring a tremendous amount of historical background and 'insider' knowledge. Weide systematically analyzes and describes the black and brown tension among gangs in Los Angeles. The remarkable access Weide had to so many L.A. gang members and his ability to get them to speak about this sensitive issue are invaluable. This book certainly poses a challenge to the conventional gang and race/ethnicity literature.”—Randol Contreras, Associate Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at the University of California, Riverside, and author of The Stickup Kids: Race, Drugs, Violence, and the American Dream"[A]n excellent ethnographic case-study.... Divide and Conquer offers a compelling read and conceptual rethink of gang identities and violence in contemporary urban landscapes not just in America but across the capitalist world.... Divide and Conquer is [a] ground-breaking study that challenges conventional conceptualizations and approaches to the gang and race/ethnicity literature. You know it is a good book when it draws you into the scholarship and makes you question your own conceptual approach to studying gangs."—Ethnic and Racial Studies"[Weide's] analysis lands like a Molotov cocktail, exploding the racialist ideologies that give shape not only to much contemporary scholarship, political chatter, and community activism, but—most importantly to the author—also to the gang dynamics pervading the streets of Los Angeles and the prisons of California.... Divide & Conquer is an insider participant ethnography spanning a decade of formal fieldwork and perhaps three decades of lived experience and observation.... Gang members are lucky to have Weide as a comrade in their ongoing struggles; everyone else is lucky to have him as a scholarly documentarian of these important efforts." —Social Forces

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Book SynopsisHow rules about safety and the fear of crime are learned and crystalized into crime myths especially for womenTrade Review“In Teaching Fear, Nicole Rader brings together what we know about contemporary fears of violence and victimization. She shows how our fears are created, why they take the forms they do, how they shape the lives of children and adults, and how we can approach our fears in more constructive ways.”—Joel Best, Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware, and author of American Nightmares: Social Problems in an Anxious World“Can a book about gendered fear of crime be an enjoyable read? If the book is Teaching Fear, the answer is yes. Written in a highly accessible style but grounded firmly in empirical research, Teaching Fear provides a much-needed debunking of popular gendered and racialized crime myths and offers strategies for finally ending the intergenerational transmission of these false and harmful beliefs."—Claire Renzetti, Judi Conway Patton Endowed Chair and Professor of Sociology at the University of Kentucky, and author of Feminist Criminology"Girls are taught to be afraid of a variety of things from a very young age and thus grow up living a much narrower world compared to males.... This book is extremely helpful for understanding how the media, schools, and the criminal justice system perpetuate these fears, which can seriously impede peoples', particularly women's, lives. Rader strives to make readers understand that these fears frequently center on both specific races and the female gender.... Summing Up: Highly recommended."—Choice

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Book SynopsisHow rules about safety and the fear of crime are learned and crystalized into crime myths especially for womenTrade Review“In Teaching Fear, Nicole Rader brings together what we know about contemporary fears of violence and victimization. She shows how our fears are created, why they take the forms they do, how they shape the lives of children and adults, and how we can approach our fears in more constructive ways.”—Joel Best, Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware, and author of American Nightmares: Social Problems in an Anxious World“Can a book about gendered fear of crime be an enjoyable read? If the book is Teaching Fear, the answer is yes. Written in a highly accessible style but grounded firmly in empirical research, Teaching Fear provides a much-needed debunking of popular gendered and racialized crime myths and offers strategies for finally ending the intergenerational transmission of these false and harmful beliefs."—Claire Renzetti, Judi Conway Patton Endowed Chair and Professor of Sociology at the University of Kentucky, and author of Feminist Criminology"Girls are taught to be afraid of a variety of things from a very young age and thus grow up living a much narrower world compared to males.... This book is extremely helpful for understanding how the media, schools, and the criminal justice system perpetuate these fears, which can seriously impede peoples', particularly women's, lives. Rader strives to make readers understand that these fears frequently center on both specific races and the female gender.... Summing Up: Highly recommended."—Choice“Rader does an excellent job at highlighting how the intersection of ideas about race and gender deeply shape how we understand crime. She explains this dynamic clearly and simply without losing any of the important nuances.... [I]t is an important contribution to the scholarly literature on the social reproduction of crime myths, especially gendered ones."—Social Forces

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Book SynopsisTaking Stock of Homicide provides a critical look at homicide, offering a comprehensive review of the major areas of homicide research, including topics largely unexplored in the literature, such as qualitative and historical accounts. Featuring leading scholars, this volume is organized around key themes and areas that reflect major contemporary trends and patterns in criminological literature. Chapters consider fundamentals such as data collection, sources, and histories; structural dynamics, including methodologies and fieldwork plus factors involving race and public health; the circumstances, types, and variations in homicide, from intimate partner violence to gangs, drugs, and firearms; as well as the prevention of and responses to homicide. An essential state-of-the-discipline examination, Taking Stock of Homicide expands our knowledge while offering a toolkit for how to conduct future research on this serious, violent crime. Contributors: Mark Berg, Laura Boisten, Anthony BTrade Review“Taking Stock of Homicide succeeds admirably in realizing its overarching objective. The chapters, which are authored by leading experts in the field, systematically and rigorously review, update, and extend established bodies of research while identifying the important challenges for future work. The book is sure to be a highly valuable resource for scholars, policy analysts, and members of the general public who want to gain a better understanding of the causes of homicide, along with promising strategies for preventing homicide.”—Steven F. Messner, Distinguished Teaching Professor of Sociology Emeritus at the University at Albany, SUNY, coauthor of Crime and the American Dream, and Past President of the American Society of Criminology

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Book SynopsisThis groundbreaking book opens the door on the missing record of South Los Angeles juvenile gangs. It is the result of the unique friendship that developed between John Quicker and Akil Batani-Khalfani, aka Bird, who collaborated to show how structural marginality transformed hang-out street groups of non-White juveniles into gangs, paving the way for the rise of the infamous Crips and Bloods.Before Cripsuses a macro historical analysis to sort through political and economic factors to explain the nature of gang creation.The authors mine a critical archive, using direct interviews with original gang members as well as theory and literature reviews, to contextualize gang life and gang formation. They discuss (and fuss and cuss about) topics ranging from the criminal economy and conceptions of masculinity to racial and gendered politics and views of violence. Their insider/outsider approach not only illuminates gang values and organization, but what they did and why, andTrade Review"A compelling sociological examination of the pre-1970 Los Angeles 'street groups' that improbably spawned the Crips and Bloods.... Gripping urban history."—Kirkus Reviews"Quicker and Batani-Khalfani offer a penetrating look at the origins of Los Angeles gangs that were active between the 1940s and the 1960s.... VERDICT A sympathetic view of early youth gangs in Los Angeles, before they became known for crime."—Library Journal"[A]n intriguing take on how the notorious Crips and Bloods gangs emerged from the streets of South Central Los Angeles. The [authors] use a macrohistorical analysis to engage the reader in the political and economic factors related to gang creation and affiliation. Birthed from a segregated city, Before Crips looks at the development of gang life between 1940 and 1970.... The backdrop of inequality and police brutality tells the story of a marginalized group of youth who had no other choice but to bond for protection. This account offers a pivotal review of the early years of gang life in LA and how deindustrialization and urban sprawl created the phenomenon of gang activity.... Summing Up: Recommended."—Choice“Despite all the popular media renderings of LA’s infamous Crips and Bloods over the years, relatively little had been written about how these street groups came to be. Until now. Before Crips delivers the well-documented and engaging origin story that’s been missing. Quicker and Batani-Khalfani challenge conventional ‘gang’ research with compelling interviews, ethnographic observations, and questionnaire data involving Black Angelenos who were actually there in the early days.”—Darnell M. Hunt, Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of Sociology and African American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and coeditor of Black Los Angeles: American Dreams and Racial Realities"Before Crips provides a unique long-term historical account of street gangs in South Los Angeles neighborhoods, filling a major gap in our knowledge of gang formation and activity in the years prior to the Watts Riot in 1965. It provides critical answers for the disconnection in types of gangs and gang activities pre- and post-Watts and offers a new perspective on the origins and character of the Crips, exposing popular myths about this gang."—Delbert S. Elliott, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Colorado Boulder, and coauthor of The Prevention of Crime“Before Crips provides a rich tapestry of insights and information about how gangs start, what neighborhoods they are found in, why some gangs are violent, and where law enforcement misdirects their interventions. It shows how and why Black gangs emerged in Los Angeles and their evolution into the most menacing gangs of all: Crips and Bloods. Quicker and Batani-Khalfani’s insider/outsider approach to what early Los Angeles was like, along with the detailed information about the neighborhoods that spawned Black street gangs, is enthralling.”—James Diego Vigil, Professor Emeritus of Social Ecology, Law, and Society at the University of California, Irvine, and author of Barrio Gangs: Street Life and Identity in Southern California

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Book SynopsisThis groundbreaking book opens the door on the missing record of South Los Angeles juvenile gangs. It is the result of the unique friendship that developed between John Quicker and Akil Batani-Khalfani, aka Bird, who collaborated to show how structural marginality transformed hang-out street groups of non-White juveniles into gangs, paving the way for the rise of the infamous Crips and Bloods.Before Cripsuses a macro historical analysis to sort through political and economic factors to explain the nature of gang creation.The authors mine a critical archive, using direct interviews with original gang members as well as theory and literature reviews, to contextualize gang life and gang formation. They discuss (and fuss and cuss about) topics ranging from the criminal economy and conceptions of masculinity to racial and gendered politics and views of violence. Their insider/outsider approach not only illuminates gang values and organization, but what they did and why, andTrade Review"A compelling sociological examination of the pre-1970 Los Angeles 'street groups' that improbably spawned the Crips and Bloods.... Gripping urban history."—Kirkus Reviews"Quicker and Batani-Khalfani offer a penetrating look at the origins of Los Angeles gangs that were active between the 1940s and the 1960s.... VERDICT A sympathetic view of early youth gangs in Los Angeles, before they became known for crime."—Library Journal"[A]n intriguing take on how the notorious Crips and Bloods gangs emerged from the streets of South Central Los Angeles. The [authors] use a macrohistorical analysis to engage the reader in the political and economic factors related to gang creation and affiliation. Birthed from a segregated city, Before Crips looks at the development of gang life between 1940 and 1970.... The backdrop of inequality and police brutality tells the story of a marginalized group of youth who had no other choice but to bond for protection. This account offers a pivotal review of the early years of gang life in LA and how deindustrialization and urban sprawl created the phenomenon of gang activity.... Summing Up: Recommended."—Choice“Despite all the popular media renderings of LA’s infamous Crips and Bloods over the years, relatively little had been written about how these street groups came to be. Until now. Before Crips delivers the well-documented and engaging origin story that’s been missing. Quicker and Batani-Khalfani challenge conventional ‘gang’ research with compelling interviews, ethnographic observations, and questionnaire data involving Black Angelenos who were actually there in the early days.”—Darnell M. Hunt, Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of Sociology and African American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and coeditor of Black Los Angeles: American Dreams and Racial Realities"Before Crips provides a unique long-term historical account of street gangs in South Los Angeles neighborhoods, filling a major gap in our knowledge of gang formation and activity in the years prior to the Watts Riot in 1965. It provides critical answers for the disconnection in types of gangs and gang activities pre- and post-Watts and offers a new perspective on the origins and character of the Crips, exposing popular myths about this gang."—Delbert S. Elliott, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Colorado Boulder, and coauthor of The Prevention of Crime“Before Crips provides a rich tapestry of insights and information about how gangs start, what neighborhoods they are found in, why some gangs are violent, and where law enforcement misdirects their interventions. It shows how and why Black gangs emerged in Los Angeles and their evolution into the most menacing gangs of all: Crips and Bloods. Quicker and Batani-Khalfani’s insider/outsider approach to what early Los Angeles was like, along with the detailed information about the neighborhoods that spawned Black street gangs, is enthralling.”—James Diego Vigil, Professor Emeritus of Social Ecology, Law, and Society at the University of California, Irvine, and author of Barrio Gangs: Street Life and Identity in Southern California

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Book SynopsisLaws subject people who perform sex work to arrest and prosecution. The Compassionate Court? assesses two prostitution diversion programs (PDPs) that offer to rehabilitate people arrested for street-based sex work as an alternative to incarceration. However, as the authors show, these PDPs often fail to provide sustainable alternatives to their mandated clients. Participants are subjected to constant surveillance and obligations, which creates a paradox of responsibility in conflict with the system's logic of rescue. Moreover, as the participants often face shame and re-traumatization as a price for services, poverty and other social problems, such as structural oppression, remain in place. The authors of The Compassionate Court? provide case studies of such programs and draw upon interviews and observations conducted over a decade to reveal how participants and professionals perceive court-affiliated PDPs, clients, and staff. Considering the motivations, vision, and goals of theseTrade Review“The Compassionate Court? is a beautifully reflexive and critical examination of prostitution diversion programs and their place in the problem-solving court movement. Despite the best efforts, these programs reinforce entrenched stigmas around race, gender, and class under the ‘cover’ of supposedly neutral crime-control goals. The authors converge around a troubling and powerful conclusion: these courts fail defendants, who are often victims themselves, withholding services to favor those who conform to norms of sexuality and femininity and reinforcing stereotypes that discipline women.”—Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve, Associate Professor of Sociology at Brown University, and author of Crook County: Racism and Injustice in America’s Largest Criminal Court“The Compassionate Court? presents a comprehensive analysis of prostitution diversion programs (PDPs). The accomplished scholars, drawing on a decade of research on two PDPs, reveal how well-intentioned criminal system reforms fall short in addressing underlying structural issues such as poverty, trauma, and housing and job insecurity. Through too-often-ignored stories of PDP participants and program professionals, this eye-opening book challenges current approaches and advocates for alternative solutions that account for the complex realities faced by marginalized sex workers.”—Barbara G. Brents, Professor of Sociology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and coauthor of Paying for Sex in a Digital Age: US and UK Perspectives

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Book SynopsisLaws subject people who perform sex work to arrest and prosecution. The Compassionate Court? assesses two prostitution diversion programs (PDPs) that offer to rehabilitate people arrested for street-based sex work as an alternative to incarceration. However, as the authors show, these PDPs often fail to provide sustainable alternatives to their mandated clients. Participants are subjected to constant surveillance and obligations, which creates a paradox of responsibility in conflict with the system's logic of rescue. Moreover, as the participants often face shame and re-traumatization as a price for services, poverty and other social problems, such as structural oppression, remain in place. The authors of The Compassionate Court? provide case studies of such programs and draw upon interviews and observations conducted over a decade to reveal how participants and professionals perceive court-affiliated PDPs, clients, and staff. Considering the motivations, vision, and goals of theseTrade Review“The Compassionate Court? is a beautifully reflexive and critical examination of prostitution diversion programs and their place in the problem-solving court movement. Despite the best efforts, these programs reinforce entrenched stigmas around race, gender, and class under the ‘cover’ of supposedly neutral crime-control goals. The authors converge around a troubling and powerful conclusion: these courts fail defendants, who are often victims themselves, withholding services to favor those who conform to norms of sexuality and femininity and reinforcing stereotypes that discipline women.”—Nicole Gonzalez Van Cleve, Associate Professor of Sociology at Brown University, and author of Crook County: Racism and Injustice in America’s Largest Criminal Court“The Compassionate Court? presents a comprehensive analysis of prostitution diversion programs (PDPs). The accomplished scholars, drawing on a decade of research on two PDPs, reveal how well-intentioned criminal system reforms fall short in addressing underlying structural issues such as poverty, trauma, and housing and job insecurity. Through too-often-ignored stories of PDP participants and program professionals, this eye-opening book challenges current approaches and advocates for alternative solutions that account for the complex realities faced by marginalized sex workers.”—Barbara G. Brents, Professor of Sociology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and coauthor of Paying for Sex in a Digital Age: US and UK Perspectives

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Book SynopsisWhat elements of contemporary American life contribute to the United States having the greatest number and highest share of public mass shootings around the globe? The editors and contributors toAll-American Massacreseek to answer this question by exploring how masculinity, racism, politics, media, fame, education, gun culture, and mental health influence the causes of mass shootings in the United States. With a specific focus on exploring how American culture, institutions, and social structures influence the circumstances, frequency, and severity of mass shootings in the United States,All-American Massacreadvances emerging theoretical perspectives and forges fresh approaches, new research questions, and innovative data and conclusions. Bringing together pioneering scholars, thisgroundbreaking compilation of research and analysis identifies the social roots of this insidious threat and prompts new reflections on how we can stop the seemingly endless cycle of horror and death.All-AmeriTrade Review"A useful work of scholarship in documenting American lethality."—Kirkus Reviews“All-American Massacre is an invaluable exploration of the culture and institutions that underlie America’s gun violence epidemic. Mass shootings in our country are like an earthquake, causing death and injury at the epicenter with dramatic ripples reverberating outwards. This public health crisis affects children’s learning in school, changes communities forever, and steals peace of mind from Americans across the country in places where we shop, worship, work, and relax. This book is a sober but deeply worthwhile read.”—Sarah Burd-Sharps, Senior Director of Research, Everytown for Gun Safety“A novel and vital contribution, the editors and contributors to All-American Massacre provide a critical examination of the influence of American culture on the prevalence of mass murder in the United States. This timely and necessary book is an essential reference for violence scholars and policy makers, and offers the most comprehensive, explanatory text on the study of mass murder in American society to date.”—Taimi Castle, Director of the Mahatma Gandhi Center for Global Nonviolence

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Book SynopsisHow have prospects for abolishing the death penalty changed since the 1972 Supreme Court decision, Furman v Georgia? The editor and contributors to Death Penalty in Decline? assess the contemporary death penalty landscape and look at the trends in and attitudes toward capital punishment and its abolition. They highlight factors that are propelling alternatives to the death penalty as well as the obstacles to ending it. At a time when the United States is undertaking an unprecedented national reconsideration of the death penalty, Death Penalty in Decline? seeks to evaluate how abolitionists might succeed today. Contributors: John Bessler, Corinna Barrett Lain, James R. Martel, Linda Ross Meyer, Carol S. Steiker, Jordan M. Steiker, and the editor

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Book SynopsisHow have prospects for abolishing the death penalty changed since the 1972 Supreme Court decision, Furman v Georgia? The editor and contributors to Death Penalty in Decline? assess the contemporary death penalty landscape and look at the trends in and attitudes toward capital punishment and its abolition. They highlight factors that are propelling alternatives to the death penalty as well as the obstacles to ending it. At a time when the United States is undertaking an unprecedented national reconsideration of the death penalty, Death Penalty in Decline? seeks to evaluate how abolitionists might succeed today. Contributors: John Bessler, Corinna Barrett Lain, James R. Martel, Linda Ross Meyer, Carol S. Steiker, Jordan M. Steiker, and the editor

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Book SynopsisDrawing on more than 150 in-depth interviews, Becoming Strong: Impoverished Women and the Struggle to Overcome Violence explores the diverse effects of trauma in the lives of homeless female victims of violence. Laura Huey and Ryan Broll closely examine the negative patterns common to cases of homeless female victims of violence and develop informed solutions for responding to issues that perpetuate cycles of female homelessness. Becoming Strong offers not only a comprehensive examination of trauma and the role it can play in shaping homeless women’s lives, but it also explores how women may recover and develop strategies for coping with traumatic experiences.Trade Review"The authors analyzed interviews conducted with nearly two hundred homeless women in U.S. cities, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Detroit. Most of the women who suffered a wide range of traumas exhibited signs of resiliency. Where women remain in negative patterns, they may be solutions, rather than perpetuating female homelessness." -- Anne Burke * Feminist Caucus, July 2018 *"As the book title suggests, the message of the book is that marginalized and victimized women can become strong, often already are (but not realized to be) strong, and there are ways that society and other individuals can assist women on the journey to becoming strong." -- Richard Tewksbury, Arizona State University * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books, online *Table of Contents1. The Women 2. Victimization 3. The After-Effects of Violence 4. The Process 5. Resilience Determinants 6. Coping Strategies 7. Building on Strengths

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Book SynopsisManufacturing Phobias will be a clarion call for anyone concerned about the disturbing consequences of our culture of fear.Table of ContentsPhobic Constructions: An Introduction (Hisham Ramadan and Jeff Shantz) Part 1. Endless Facades: Rethinking Social Phobias 1. Pathologizing Resistance and Promoting Anthropophobia: The Violent Extremism Risk Assessment (VERA) as Case Study (Heidi Rimke) 2. Conflicts of Rights: Free Speech, Freedom to Practice a Religion and the Social Phobia Mighty Machine (Hisham Ramadan) 3. Phobic Constructions: Psychological, Sociological, Criminological Articulations (Jeff Shantz and Hisham Ramadan) Part 2. Bordering on Fear: Phobias, National Identities, Citizenship 4. Constructions of Phobias, Fractured and Stigmatized Selves, and the Ideal Citizen in Iranian School Textbooks (Amir Mirfakhraie) 5. How to Save... A Nation?: Televisual Fiction Post-9/11 (Melissa Ames) 6. The Preparation for National Revolution or Accepting the Inevitable Decay? (Dmitry Shlapentokh) 7. Phobia in an Age of Post Migrant Rights: The Regional Response and Criminalization of Tamil Refugees (Michael CK Ma and Davina Bhandar) Part 3. Politics by other Means: Phobias and Political Practice 8. Death Panels on the Prison Planet: The New World Order Conspiracy and the Radicalization of American Politics (Johann Pautz) 9. Degradation Ceremonies: Fear Discourses, Phobic Production, and the Military Metaphysic in Canada (Jeff Shantz) 10. Manufacturing the 'avaton' and the ghetto: Places of Fear in the Centre of Athens (Penny (Panagiota) Koutrolikou) Afterword: Opposing Phobias Going Forward (Hisham M. Ramadan and Jeff Shantz)

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Book SynopsisIn Punishment and the History of Political Philosophy, Arthur Shuster offers an insightful study of punishment in the works of Plato, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Beccaria, Kant, and Foucault.Trade Review'Shuster does a yeoman's work in critically evaluating the political philosophies of Plato, Hobbes, Montesquieu, and Foucault in an attempt to address the problems plaguing the modern criminal justice system in the US.' -- S.E. Blankenship Choice Magazine vol 54:02:2016 'Shuster has forced all those interested in punishment to take political philosophy seriously. He has laid the ground for further investigation into punishments' meaning and purpose in the civic and moral education of citizens.' -- Cary Federman Review of Politics winter 2017Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter One: The Problem of Punishment and the Limits of Reform in Plato's Laws Chapter Two: Modern Natural Right and Punishment in Hobbes's Leviathan Chapter Three: Liberalizing the Criminal Law: Montesquieu and Beccaria Chapter Four: Retribution and Individual Autonomy in Kant's Rechtslehre Chapter Five: Foucault and the Crisis of Modern Criminal Justice Conclusion: Punishment and Liberalism

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Book SynopsisThe Story-Takers charts new territory in public pedagogy through an exploration of the multiple forms of communal protests against the mafia in Sicily. Writing at the rich juncture of cultural, feminist, and psychoanalytic theories, Paula M. Salvio draws on visual and textual representations including shrines to those murdered by the mafia, photographs, and literary and cinematic narratives, to explore how trauma and mourning inspire solidarity and a quest for justice among educators, activists, artists, and journalists living and working in Italy. Salvio reveals how the anti-mafia movement is being brought out from behind the curtains, with educators leading the charge. She critically analyses six cases of communal acts of anti-mafia solidarity and argues that transitional justice requires radical approaches to pedagogy that are best informed by journalists, educators, and activists working to remember, not only victims of trauma, but those who resist trauma and viTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Story-Taking, Public Pedagogy and the Challenges of Transitional Justice Chapter 1:'To Tarry With Grief': Spontaneous Shrines, Public Pedagogy and the Work of Mourning Chapter 2: 'Eccentric Subjects': Female Martyrs and the Antimafia Public Imaginary Chapter 3: 'Children of the Massacre': Public Pedagogy and Italy's Non-Violent Protest Against Mafia Extortion Chapter 4: On the Road to a New Corleone: Digital Screen Cultures and Citizen Writers Chapter 5: Reconstructing memory through the archives: public pedagogy, citizenship and Letizia Battaglia's photographic record of mafia violence Chapter 6: 'The Duty to Report': Political Judgment, Public Pedagogy and the Photographic Archive of Franco Zecchin EPILOGUE WORKS CITED NOTES INDEX

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Book SynopsisWritten by criminologists and policy analysts, Criminalisation and advanced marginality offers a constructive but critical application of Wacquant's ideas.Trade Review"this volume holds great potential for future research and collaboration. Overall, the overwhelming impression is that the range of disciplinary viewpoints on offer – criminal justice, critical race theory, feminism and welfare studies, amongst others – stands as testament to the immensely varied implications of Wacquant’s work and to the burgeoning development of cross-cutting perspectives in the study of social and penal policy." LSE Review of Books blog“This volume is to be welcomed as in many ways a refreshing reminder and change of voice” – Studies in Social Justice"Loïc Wacquant is, without question, one of the most significant critical social scientists of the present period. By exposing his work to rigorous analysis and providing Wacquant with a right of reply, Criminalisation and Advanced Marginality comprises a riveting read." Professor Barry Goldson, The University of LiverpoolTable of ContentsIntroduction: reading Loïc Wacquant - opening questions and overview ~ Peter Squires and John Lea; Section 1: Theory and politics: Bringing the state back in: understanding neoliberal security ~ John Lea and Simon Hallsworth; The state, sovereignty and advanced marginality in the city ~ Kevin Stenson; The third time as farce: whatever happened to the penal state? ~ John Pitts; Section 2: Welfare, agency and resistance: Loïc Wacquant and Norbert Elias: advanced marginality and the theory of the de-civilising process ~ John J. Rodger; Beyond the penal state: advanced marginality, social policy and anti-welfarism ~ Lynn Hancock and Gerry Mooney; Loïc Wacquant, gender and cultures of resistance ~ Lynda Measor; Women, welfare and the carceral state ~ Denise Martin and Paula Wilcox; Section 3: Urbanisation, criminality and penality: Illicit economies and the carceral social zone ~ Vincenzo Ruggiero; The universal and the particular in Latin American penal state formation ~ Markus-Michael Műller; Neoliberal, brutish and short? Cities, inequalities and violences ~ Peter Squires; Response: The wedding of workfare and prisonfare in the 21st century: responses to critics and commentators ~ Loïc Wacquant.

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Book SynopsisChief police officers make far-reaching strategic command decisions about policing, armed responses, operations against criminals and allocation of resources yet they are often unknown even to their forces. In this ground-breaking social study, Bryn Caless presents their frank and sometimes controversial views.Trade Review'In short, this is an excellent book which is sure to become a standard text in the area of policing studies and criminology/criminal justice studies more widely.' - LSE Politics and Policy blog“I found Policing at the Top a wonderful, accessible, very interesting, and timely read. Although it is about the British police it has the capacity to significantly benefit those interested in police and policing in other contexts. It is a very much needed and in many respects ground-braking piece of work that delivers on the promise of its title. This is a work that Caless should be congratulated on, and one that is destined to be an essential book in police studies.” Professor Georgios A. Antonopoulos, Teeside University“brings out issues to non-police readers very well”, Richard Wilson, Goodreads review"Having known Bryn Caless for many years, I knew, on hearing he was putting pen to paper, that the reader would be in for a thoroughly researched and thought provoking examination of "policing at the top". You won't be disappointed. Whether scholar, commentator, police professional or interested observer, this book will prove a fascinating read and a welcome addition to this area of study." Jim Barker-McCardle, Chief Constable, Essex Police"A revealing, rigorous insight into the lives and perspectives of contemporary chief police officers. It reports on interviews with nearly a hundred of today's chiefs, and features their own accounts of their experiences and problems. A valuable and fascinating contribution to the understanding of 21st century policing as seen by those responsible for shaping its current and future practices." Robert Reiner, London School of EconomicsTable of ContentsIntroduction: the notion of the 'top cop'; Cloning or culture? The selection and appointment process for chief officers; 'The golden finger': Getting and keeping the top jobs; The challenge of leadership in the police; Oversight and chief officers' relationships with police authorities, directly elected police crime commissioners, HMIC and the Home Office; On the nature of experience and exclusivity: the police 'closed shop'; The future of policing.

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Book SynopsisChief police officers make far-reaching strategic command decisions about policing, armed responses, operations against criminals and allocation of resources yet they are often unknown even to their forces. In this ground-breaking social study, Bryn Caless presents their frank and sometimes controversial views.Trade Review'In short, this is an excellent book which is sure to become a standard text in the area of policing studies and criminology/criminal justice studies more widely.' - LSE Politics and Policy blog“I found Policing at the Top a wonderful, accessible, very interesting, and timely read. Although it is about the British police it has the capacity to significantly benefit those interested in police and policing in other contexts. It is a very much needed and in many respects ground-braking piece of work that delivers on the promise of its title. This is a work that Caless should be congratulated on, and one that is destined to be an essential book in police studies.” Professor Georgios A. Antonopoulos, Teeside University“brings out issues to non-police readers very well”, Richard Wilson, Goodreads review"Having known Bryn Caless for many years, I knew, on hearing he was putting pen to paper, that the reader would be in for a thoroughly researched and thought provoking examination of "policing at the top". You won't be disappointed. Whether scholar, commentator, police professional or interested observer, this book will prove a fascinating read and a welcome addition to this area of study." Jim Barker-McCardle, Chief Constable, Essex Police"A revealing, rigorous insight into the lives and perspectives of contemporary chief police officers. It reports on interviews with nearly a hundred of today's chiefs, and features their own accounts of their experiences and problems. A valuable and fascinating contribution to the understanding of 21st century policing as seen by those responsible for shaping its current and future practices." Robert Reiner, London School of EconomicsTable of ContentsIntroduction: the notion of the 'top cop'; Cloning or culture? The selection and appointment process for chief officers; 'The golden finger': Getting and keeping the top jobs; The challenge of leadership in the police; Oversight and chief officers' relationships with police authorities, directly elected police crime commissioners, HMIC and the Home Office; On the nature of experience and exclusivity: the police 'closed shop'; The future of policing.

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Book SynopsisOffers a challenging interpretation of the ways in which young people's non-participation is becoming marginalised and criminalised. It re-examines the causes and consequences of youth unemployment in and beyond the UK from an unusually wide range of social science disciplines and perspectives.Trade ReviewA wide-ranging, knowledgeable and sophisticated attempt to offer fresh insights and a strong challenge to the ways in which the young are marginalised and manipulated by dominant social forces." Professor Roger Smith, Critical Social Policy"Young People, Welfare and Crime is scholarly. It is readable. It provides an original analysis. This book excels on all levels …It offers a stunningly clear theoretical framework… Its interdisciplinary analysis is utterly compelling and masterful. The implications are profoundly unsettling…" Professor Jo Phoenix, British Journal of Criminology“Ross Fergusson shows that there is not just an economic and social crisis that affects the young in rich-world countries but also a crisis in our understanding of how and why it has come about. His book is a major new critique of several theories. It suggests what can be salvaged from current academic misunderstandings, and how academics can better work with others to begin to turn the tide for young adults who are treated as if they are no longer needed, or are useful only for menial work of little real value.” Danny Dorling, Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography, University of Oxford“Educational under-achievement and exclusion, diminishing labour-market opportunities and wholesale criminalisation comprise the adverse conditions within which complex youth-adult transitions are increasingly defined and disfigured internationally. Fergusson’s timely publication engages with these conditions empirically and theoretically with a level of analytical precision and authority that will make it an indispensable source for sociologists, social policy analysts and criminologists.” Barry Goldson, Charles Booth Chair of Social Science, University of Liverpool“Young people invariably bear the brunt of social and economic change – especially recessions, and the neo-liberal austerities and criminalising and neglectful injustices that follow them. Fergusson's original interdisciplinary analysis sets a convincing late modern context for grasping the depths of our crisis of youth as it explains why, how and upon whom the burdens of social exclusion fall the hardest.” Peter Squires, Professor of Criminology and Public Policy, University of Brighton"An extensive and detailed analysis ... [which] introduces us to new ways of conceptualising, theorising and analysing, within the social sciences, the criminalisation and marginalisation of youth." - Cambridge Core Journal of Social Policy"This is an important book. It challenges established approaches to understanding the lives of young people; works across disciplines; … and locates debates about participation, welfare and crime in a critical constellation of perspectives… The implications … are serious - not only for those young people who continue to defy the strictures of the state, but also for the principles of social justice and democracy... " Professor Robin Simmons, Young“This is an exciting book. Too often scholarly debates and policy thinking about young people take place in separate disciplinary fields, limiting the theoretical potential for understanding. Here Ross Fergusson has produced an important and novel contribution to the way that we should think about the exclusion of young people. The book is to be commended for its ambition in bringing together theory and research from youth studies, criminology, sociology and social policy, better to understand work, welfare and crime.” Rob MacDonald, Professor of Sociology, Teesside University“Ross Fergusson has important things to say. His book cuts through much muddled thinking about young people’s non-participation. It challenges dominant policy discourses about contemporary youth and much academic thinking, and offers an original and critically-informed analysis which disrupts the traditional disciplinary restrictions which limit our understanding of the lives of young people on the margins of education and work.” Robin Simmons, Professor of Education, University of Huddersfield“Working in sophisticated fashion across disciplines and theoretical approaches, this unique – and very welcome – book provides much-needed contemporary insights into the complex relationships among youth unemployment, welfare and crime.” Nick Ellison, Professor of Social Policy, University of YorkTable of ContentsPart One: The crisis of non-participation; Crises of non-participation; Part Two: Work, welfare and crime: research and policy; Young people and non-participation: discourses, histories, literatures; Non-participation, wages and welfare; Non-participation and crime: constructing connections; Unemployment, crime and recession; Interlude: Interpretive review; Part Three Theorising non-participation; Lines of division, points of entry: two theories; Theorising the non-participation-crime relationship; Part Four: Criminalising non-participation; The advance of criminalisation; Review and concluding comments.

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Book SynopsisOffers a challenging interpretation of the ways in which young people's non-participation is becoming marginalised and criminalised. It re-examines the causes and consequences of youth unemployment in and beyond the UK from an unusually wide range of social science disciplines and perspectives.Trade ReviewA wide-ranging, knowledgeable and sophisticated attempt to offer fresh insights and a strong challenge to the ways in which the young are marginalised and manipulated by dominant social forces." Professor Roger Smith, Critical Social Policy"Young People, Welfare and Crime is scholarly. It is readable. It provides an original analysis. This book excels on all levels …It offers a stunningly clear theoretical framework… Its interdisciplinary analysis is utterly compelling and masterful. The implications are profoundly unsettling…" Professor Jo Phoenix, British Journal of Criminology“Ross Fergusson shows that there is not just an economic and social crisis that affects the young in rich-world countries but also a crisis in our understanding of how and why it has come about. His book is a major new critique of several theories. It suggests what can be salvaged from current academic misunderstandings, and how academics can better work with others to begin to turn the tide for young adults who are treated as if they are no longer needed, or are useful only for menial work of little real value.” Danny Dorling, Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography, University of Oxford“Educational under-achievement and exclusion, diminishing labour-market opportunities and wholesale criminalisation comprise the adverse conditions within which complex youth-adult transitions are increasingly defined and disfigured internationally. Fergusson’s timely publication engages with these conditions empirically and theoretically with a level of analytical precision and authority that will make it an indispensable source for sociologists, social policy analysts and criminologists.” Barry Goldson, Charles Booth Chair of Social Science, University of Liverpool“Young people invariably bear the brunt of social and economic change – especially recessions, and the neo-liberal austerities and criminalising and neglectful injustices that follow them. Fergusson's original interdisciplinary analysis sets a convincing late modern context for grasping the depths of our crisis of youth as it explains why, how and upon whom the burdens of social exclusion fall the hardest.” Peter Squires, Professor of Criminology and Public Policy, University of Brighton"This is an important book. It challenges established approaches to understanding the lives of young people; works across disciplines; … and locates debates about participation, welfare and crime in a critical constellation of perspectives… The implications … are serious - not only for those young people who continue to defy the strictures of the state, but also for the principles of social justice and democracy... " Professor Robin Simmons, Young“This is an exciting book. Too often scholarly debates and policy thinking about young people take place in separate disciplinary fields, limiting the theoretical potential for understanding. Here Ross Fergusson has produced an important and novel contribution to the way that we should think about the exclusion of young people. The book is to be commended for its ambition in bringing together theory and research from youth studies, criminology, sociology and social policy, better to understand work, welfare and crime.” Rob MacDonald, Professor of Sociology, Teesside University"An extensive and detailed analysis ... [which] introduces us to new ways of conceptualising, theorising and analysing, within the social sciences, the criminalisation and marginalisation of youth." - Cambridge Core Journal of Social Policy“Ross Fergusson has important things to say. His book cuts through much muddled thinking about young people’s non-participation. It challenges dominant policy discourses about contemporary youth and much academic thinking, and offers an original and critically-informed analysis which disrupts the traditional disciplinary restrictions which limit our understanding of the lives of young people on the margins of education and work.” Robin Simmons, Professor of Education, University of Huddersfield“Working in sophisticated fashion across disciplines and theoretical approaches, this unique – and very welcome – book provides much-needed contemporary insights into the complex relationships among youth unemployment, welfare and crime.” Nick Ellison, Professor of Social Policy, University of YorkTable of ContentsPart One: The crisis of non-participation; Crises of non-participation; Part Two: Work, welfare and crime: research and policy; Young people and non-participation: discourses, histories, literatures; Non-participation, wages and welfare; Non-participation and crime: constructing connections; Unemployment, crime and recession; Interlude: Interpretive review; Part Three Theorising non-participation; Lines of division, points of entry: two theories; Theorising the non-participation-crime relationship; Part Four: Criminalising non-participation; The advance of criminalisation; Review and concluding comments.

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Book SynopsisBridging the gap between research and policy, this book provides new perspectives on the nature of hate crime victimisation and perpetration.Trade Review“At a time of heightened focus on `hate crimes’, renowned experts Chakraborti and Garland bring together an international array of commentators to make a persuasive case for restorative approaches to hate crime. The strength of this edited collection is found in the synergy between scholarship and policy.” Professor Carolyn Hoyle, University of Oxford“Neil Chakraborti and Jon Garland are to be congratulated for bringing together this exceptionally important, comprehensive and stimulating collection of essays exploring the hate crime scholarship-policy nexus. Responding to Hate Crime is a text of remarkable range and sophistication; it is both timely and forward-thinking. The tragic consequences of prejudice and bigotry are sadly all too familiar to all of us, but the small `signs of progress’ noted by the editors are in no small part due to their own pioneering work in this field.” Yvonne Jewkes, Professor of Criminology, University of LeicesterTable of ContentsIntroduction and Overview ~ Neil Chakraborti; Part One: Working Together: Developing Shared Perspectives; The adventures of an accidental academic in ‘policy-land’: a personal reflection on bridging academia, policing and government in a hate crime context ~ Nathan Hall; Academia from a practitioner’s perspective: a reflection on the changes in the relationship between academia, policing and government in a hate crime context ~ Paul Giannasi; Reshaping hate crime policy and practice: lessons from a grassroots campaign ~ an interview with Sylvia Lancaster, founder of the Sophie Lancaster Foundation; Not getting away with it: linking sex work and hate crime in Merseyside ~ Rosie Campbell; Evidencing the case for hate crime ~ Joanna Perry; Part Two: Researching Key Issues: Emerging Themes and Challenges; Working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities to shape hate crime policy ~ Marian Duggan; Using a ‘layers of influence’ model to understand the interaction of research, policy and practice in relation to disablist hate crime ~ Chih Hoong Sin; Responding to the needs of victims of Islamophobia ~ Irene Zempi; Controlling the new far right on the streets: policing the English Defence League in policy and praxis ~ James Treadwell; Developing themes on young people, everyday multiculturalism and hate crime ~ Stevie-Jade Hardy; Hate crime against students: recent developments in research, policy and practice ~ Lucy Michael; We need to talk about women: examining the place of gender in hate crime policy ~ Hannah Mason-Bish; Part Three: Challenging Prejudice: Combating Hate Offending; Courage in the Face of Hate: a curricular resource for confronting anti-LGBTQ violence ~ Barbara Perry and D. Ryan Dyck; Policing prejudice motivated crime: a research case study ~ Gail Mason, Jude McCulloch and JaneMaree Maher; Policing hate against Gypsies and Travellers: dealing with the dark side ~ Zoë James; Understanding how 'hate' hurts: a case study of working with offenders and potential offenders ~ Paul Iganski, with Karen Ainsworth, Laura Geraghty, Spyridoula Lagou, and Nafysa Patel; Restorative approaches to working with hate crime offenders ~ Mark Austin Walters; Conclusions ~ Jon Garland.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to Critical Criminology offers an accessible introduction to foundational and contemporary theories and perspectives in critical criminology which introduces students to theories and perspectives about the causes of crime, and the operation of the criminal justice system.Trade Review?“An incisive introduction to critical criminology that is rich in theoretical concepts and illustrated with vivid examples. This is a valuable resource for scholars and students alike.” Dr Brian Burtch, Simon Fraser University, Canada“A wonderfully written account of both the foundations and contemporary theoretical priorities of critical criminologists. Essential reading for students, teachers and researchers." David Scott, Liverpool John Moores University"Recommended reading for anyone interested in critical criminology. It covers essential ground in an accessible and interesting fashion. So much so that it is a core text for students studying criminological theories." Kareen Corteen, School of Law, Liverpool John Moores University?"This clearly written introduction is a welcome addition. Pamela Ugwudike presents complex ideas in an accessible fashion, revealing the weighty contribution of critical perspectives within criminology and including under-represented feminist and critical race theories." Professor Mary Bosworth, University of Oxford & Editor, Theoretical Criminology"Ugwudike has done an excellent job, drawing together many of the radical, critical and conflict voices and perspectives in criminology, while evaluating them in a way that will be both interesting and accessible for readers." Peter Squires, University of Brighton"A well positioned text and it is pleasing to see the breadth of topic areas....especially good to see dedicated chapters on Critical Race Theory and sufficient dedicated space to Green Criminology and Crimes of the Powerful" Paul Taylor, University of Chester, textbook adopterTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part One: Foundational critical criminology; What is critical criminology?; The labelling perspective; Conflict perspectives in criminology; Marxist criminology; Part Two: Critiquing foundational critical criminology: challenges from Left and Right; The advent of neo-conservative criminology; Left realism: criticisms from within?; Feminist critiques; Part Three: Contemporary critical criminology; Critical perspectives on crimes of the powerful; Green criminology; Cultural criminology; Critical Race Theory; Part Four: Critical perspectives on punishment; Punishment and control; Part Five: Conclusions; Future directions in critical criminology.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to Critical Criminology offers an accessible introduction to foundational and contemporary theories and perspectives in critical criminology which introduces students to theories and perspectives about the causes of crime, and the operation of the criminal justice system.Trade Review?“An incisive introduction to critical criminology that is rich in theoretical concepts and illustrated with vivid examples. This is a valuable resource for scholars and students alike.” Dr Brian Burtch, Simon Fraser University, Canada“A wonderfully written account of both the foundations and contemporary theoretical priorities of critical criminologists. Essential reading for students, teachers and researchers." David Scott, Liverpool John Moores University"Recommended reading for anyone interested in critical criminology. It covers essential ground in an accessible and interesting fashion. So much so that it is a core text for students studying criminological theories." Kareen Corteen, School of Law, Liverpool John Moores University?"This clearly written introduction is a welcome addition. Pamela Ugwudike presents complex ideas in an accessible fashion, revealing the weighty contribution of critical perspectives within criminology and including under-represented feminist and critical race theories." Professor Mary Bosworth, University of Oxford & Editor, Theoretical Criminology"Ugwudike has done an excellent job, drawing together many of the radical, critical and conflict voices and perspectives in criminology, while evaluating them in a way that will be both interesting and accessible for readers." Peter Squires, University of Brighton"A well positioned text and it is pleasing to see the breadth of topic areas....especially good to see dedicated chapters on Critical Race Theory and sufficient dedicated space to Green Criminology and Crimes of the Powerful" Paul Taylor, University of Chester, textbook adopterTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part One: Foundational critical criminology; What is critical criminology?; The labelling perspective; Conflict perspectives in criminology; Marxist criminology; Part Two: Critiquing foundational critical criminology: challenges from Left and Right; The advent of neo-conservative criminology; Left realism: criticisms from within?; Feminist critiques; Part Three: Contemporary critical criminology; Critical perspectives on crimes of the powerful; Green criminology; Cultural criminology; Critical Race Theory; Part Four: Critical perspectives on punishment; Punishment and control; Part Five: Conclusions; Future directions in critical criminology.

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Book SynopsisThis topical book considers the economic, political and social consequences of the economic crisis, the nature of social protection and the dynamics of the current crisis of regulation. It is unique in documenting how economic and social welfare are inconsistent with corporate freedom.Trade Review"As an increasingly endangered species, we ignore Tombs's research at our peril." Environmental Health News"A devastating critique of neoliberal governance as it rises from the ashes of the global financial crisis" Dr Kristian Lasslett, Ulster University and author of State Crime on the Margins of EmpireTable of ContentsIntroduction: crime, harm, regulation; ‘Freeing’capital: states, moralities and material work; From a crisis of regulation to a crisis of social protection?; The idea of regulation: academic orthodoxies; The idea of regulation: a conceptual and political critique; ‘Regulation’in action; Conclusion: after regulation?; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisIn this unique book, the authors present, for the first time, information from over a hundred strategic police leaders in 22 countries about how they are selected for high office, how they are held to account and what their views are on current and future challenges in policing.Trade Review"An original contribution, coming at a watershed in European policing (with centralisation, narrowing of mandate, changes in recruitment and governance, and austerity), which provides valuable material and fresh insights in an under-researched area” Maurice Punch, London School of Economics and Political Science“Providing insights into the professional life of top police leaders, this book makes for interesting reading and details the lessons to be learned as well as encouraging readers to think about leadership as both an art and a science.” Ferenc Bánfi, Director of CEPOL/European Police College, HungaryTable of ContentsIntroduction; European policing in context; Getting to the top: the selection and appointment of strategic police leaders in Europe; Accountability; Relationships and influences; The preference for cooperative bilateralism among European strategic police leaders; The challenges facing European policing today; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIn this unique book, the authors present, for the first time, information from over a hundred strategic police leaders in 22 countries about how they are selected for high office, how they are held to account and what their views are on current and future challenges in policing.Trade Review"An original contribution, coming at a watershed in European policing (with centralisation, narrowing of mandate, changes in recruitment and governance, and austerity), which provides valuable material and fresh insights in an under-researched area” Maurice Punch, London School of Economics and Political Science“Providing insights into the professional life of top police leaders, this book makes for interesting reading and details the lessons to be learned as well as encouraging readers to think about leadership as both an art and a science.” Ferenc Bánfi, Director of CEPOL/European Police College, HungaryTable of ContentsIntroduction; European policing in context; Getting to the top: the selection and appointment of strategic police leaders in Europe; Accountability; Relationships and influences; The preference for cooperative bilateralism among European strategic police leaders; The challenges facing European policing today; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to examine the activities of UK and international role models' through the lens of state crime and social policy. Written by experts in the field of sociology and social policy, it provides a comprehensive discussion of state immorality and deviance generally and state crime in particular.Trade Review"A provocative and stimulating book and one that should be essential reading for anybody wanting a better understanding of the complex interplay between politics, the media, business and criminal enterprise." James Windle, University of East LondonTable of ContentsIntroduction; Defining the State, its Institutions, Allies and Protagonists; The State, Corporations and Organised Crime; Drugs and Thugs: Examples of Organised Crime, State Collusion and Limited Responses; The Media as Both an Influential and Supportive Arm of the State; Beyond the Borders: State Terrorism from Without and Against the ‘Other’; Without and Within: State Crime in Northern Ireland (Violence, Collusion and the Paramilitaries); Fighting the Enemy Within: Internal State Terrorism, Argentina’s ‘Dirty War’ (1976-83), the UK Miners’ Strike (1984-5) and the ‘Battle’ of Orgreave; Conclusion: The Role, Nature and Control of State Crime.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to examine the activities of UK and international role models' through the lens of state crime and social policy. Written by experts in the field of sociology and social policy, it provides a comprehensive discussion of state immorality and deviance generally and state crime in particular.Trade Review"A provocative and stimulating book and one that should be essential reading for anybody wanting a better understanding of the complex interplay between politics, the media, business and criminal enterprise." James Windle, University of East LondonTable of ContentsIntroduction; Defining the State, its Institutions, Allies and Protagonists; The State, Corporations and Organised Crime; Drugs and Thugs: Examples of Organised Crime, State Collusion and Limited Responses; The Media as Both an Influential and Supportive Arm of the State; Beyond the Borders: State Terrorism from Without and Against the ‘Other’; Without and Within: State Crime in Northern Ireland (Violence, Collusion and the Paramilitaries); Fighting the Enemy Within: Internal State Terrorism, Argentina’s ‘Dirty War’ (1976-83), the UK Miners’ Strike (1984-5) and the ‘Battle’ of Orgreave; Conclusion: The Role, Nature and Control of State Crime.

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Book SynopsisThis timely book provides a vivid description of what it is like to attend court as a victim, a witness or a defendant; the interplay between the different players in the courtroom; and the extent to which the court process is viewed as legitimate by those involved in it.Trade Review"A marvellous insight for those who are willing to face up to what others think of them. The blunt and genuine views of bruised witnesses and less-than-engaged defendants can make for difficult reading." Counsel Magazine“This carefully constructed research study opens the doors of the Crown Court in a unique and engaging way revealing the formalities, misunderstandings, tension and sometimes tedium, considered judgements and the adversarial nature of British justice.” Juliet Lyon CBE, Director, Prison Reform Trust"A fascinating account, and one which rings very true." Criminal Law Review“An insightful and timely account of justice as experienced by victims, witnesses and defendants at the Crown Court.” Professor Julian Roberts, University of Oxford"I commend this book to students, lawyers and policy-makers. It provides a unique window on what is really going on, dispels myths, chronicles what is changing and shows what still needs to change." Penny Cooper, Professor of Law, co-founder and Chair of The Advocate's Gateway“Exploring the ‘structured mayhem’ of court proceedings and the reluctant conformity marking court users’ participation and sense of legitimacy, the book offers a compelling glimpse of the realities of the courtroom entangled with routine case processing and moments of personal drama.” Professor Nigel Fielding, University of SurreyTable of ContentsForeword: David Ormerod, Law Commission; Introduction; The system: what is the Crown Court and what are its functions?; Court process and performance: constructing versions of ‘the truth’; Them and us: the divide between court users and professionals; Structured mayhem: the organised yet chaotic nature of court proceedings; Reluctant conformity: court users’ compliance with the court process; Legitimacy: court users’ perceived obligation to obey, and what this is based on; Conclusion.

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