Crime and criminology Books

Book SynopsisNeurocriminology: Forensic and Legal Applications, Public Policy Implications explores the dramatic impact of advances in neuroscience research and practice to our present understanding of criminality and crime control. Contemporary, cutting-edge research in neuroscience is cited and explained. Studies and cases are clearly and concisely outlined with potential uses for practical applications detailed. This will be framed in the context of criminological foundations, theory, and the notion of the nature of crime itself. This comprehensive and engaging book also delves into recent developments in modern neurology, and connections between neuroscience and its criminal, legal, and forensic implications and ramifications.The book poses various questions about what insight neurology can provide to human cognition, to motivation andin particularcriminal motivation. From biological observations is there a pattern, or are there similarities, in what the brainscan oTable of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Neurocriminology: How Did We Get Here? A Brief History of Criminology 2. Brain Basics: How Neurocriminology Is Possible 3. Overview of Advances in Neuroimaging 4. Neurocriminology: Preliminary Applications 5. Criminals in the Lab 6. Neurocriminology in the Criminal Justice System: Prevention and Investigation 7. Neurocriminology in the Criminal Justice System: Prosecution and Sentencing 8. Neuroscience and Law: International Applications 9. Neurocriminology: Present Context and Possible Future

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Book SynopsisFeminist research on gender, violence and abuse has been an area of academic study since the late 1970s, and has increased exponentially over this time on a global scale. Although situated in a predominantly qualitative tradition, research in the field has developed to include quantitative and mixed methodologies. This book offers a compendium of research methods on gender and violence, from the traditional to the innovative, and showcases best practice in feminist research and international case studies. Researching Gender, Violence and Abuse covers: The origins of feminist research, Ethical considerations relating to research on gender, violence and abuse, Working in partnership with organisations such as the police or the voluntary sector, A comprehensive range of research methods including interviews and focus groups, surveys, arts-based research and ethnography, The challenges and opporTrade Review"This is an essential companion for researchers on domestic and sexual violence. Whether their data comprises voices, numbers, images, or something else, new and established researchers alike will find invaluable guidance on effective ways to generate new knowledge and use this to make a difference." Dr Michael Flood, author of Engaging Men and Boys in Violence Prevention "This timely and authoritative book is an immensely readable account of the philosophies, principles and practices of feminist-informed methodologies used in researching gender-based violence. It engages with critical questions of theory, politics and ethics and through its use of case studies and the provision of excellent examples of the application of feminist research will no doubt excite and inspire both new and experienced researchers." Michele Burman, Professor of Criminology, University of Glasgow Table of Contents1. Introduction, Part I: Feminist approaches to research. 2. The principles of feminist research, 3. Ethical considerations when researching gender, violence and abuse, 4. Multidisciplinary and partnership working, Part II: Research methods. 5. Interviews and focus groups, 6. Conducting surveys, 7. Arts-based and creative methods, 8. Working with existing data, 9. Ethnography, Part III: Research praxis - Using feminist research. 10. Influencing and being influenced by activism, 11. Using research to influence policy and practice, 12. Afterword

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Book SynopsisThe problems associated with groups that commit crime are well known and notoriously complex. However, there are many questions that we still cannot answer with certainty. This book seeks to deepen understanding of the group processes involved in crime and the treatment of offenders' thoughts and behaviour. Together, the chapters in this volume address the following questions: Are people more likely to commit crime because of the influence of their group? Does group membership cause people to become criminals, or does the group merely foster people's pre-existing criminal inclinations? How does group membership exert such a strong hold on people so that some risk imprisonment or even death, rather than relinquish their membership? The contributors to Crime and Crime Reduction consider the social psychological influences of groups and specific forms of group crime such as street and prison gangs, terrorism, organized criminal networksTrade ReviewMost people agree that crime is a bad thing and that rather less of it would be a good thing. At a time when a great deal of psychology research has retreated to the biological interior, it is refreshing to see this excellent text put social psychology to work in the cause of crime reduction. - Clive Hollin, Professor of Criminological Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Leicester, UKMost people agree that crime is a bad thing and that rather less of it would be a good thing. At a time when a great deal of psychology research has retreated to the biological interior, it is refreshing to see this excellent text put social psychology to work in the cause of crime reduction. - Clive Hollin, Professor of Criminological Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Leicester, UKGathering the work of both rising and established authors, Wood and Gannon (both, forensic psychology, Univ. of Kent, UK) have produced an organized, comprehensive, well-written resource that adds to understanding across disciplines... As a whole, this valuable resource addresses far-reaching implications of crime across several key disciplines in the social sciences. - T. Cottledge, CHOICE, Vol. 50, No. 7Table of ContentsThe Social Influence of Groups on Individuals, G. T.Viki, D. Abrams. Street Gangs: The Inter- and Intra-Group Processes, J. L. Wood, E. Alleyne. Gangs: Displaced and Group-Based Aggression, E. A. Vasquez, B. Lickel, K.Hennigan. A Multi-Factorial Approach to Understanding Multiple Perpetrator Sexual Offending, L. Harkins, L. Dixon. The Role of Group Processes in Terrorism, M. A. Wilson, E. Bradford, L. Lemanski. Organized Crime: Criminal Organizations or Organized Criminals? V. Egan, S. Lock Surviving and Thriving: The Growth, Influence and Administrative Control of Prison Gangs, M. L. Griffin, D. Pyrooz, S.H. Decker. Features of Treatment Delivery and Group Processes that Maximize the Effects of Offender Programs, W. L. Marshall, D. L. Burton, L. E. Marshall. Should Group Membership be Considered for Treatment to be Effective? J. Thakker.

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Book SynopsisAutomatism is a notoriously difficult subject for law students, lawyers and judges. This book explores the science and medicine of sleep disorders and examines how the criminal process deals with such disorders when presented as a defence. It systematically examines the legal doctrines involved, and their implications for the use of the evidence key to establishing automatism, while also exploring the medical conditions that can cause automatism (particularly epilepsy, sleepwalking and diabetes). This book is a valuable resource for law students, lawyers, judges and expert witnesses.Table of Contents1: Foreword; 2: Chapter 1 Automatism: What is it?; 3: Chapter 2 Legal Aspects of Automatism; 4: Chapter 3 Medical Aspects of Automatism; 5: Chapter 4 Specific causes of automatism; 6: Chapter 5 Criminal Law Theory; 7: Chapter 6 Expert evidence; 8: Chapter 7 Conclusions; 9: Glossary; 10: Bibliography; 11: Appendices A-F; 12: Case Histories; 13: Index

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Book SynopsisThis title was first published in 2000:  Few areas of criminal activity have sustained such widely held attention as serial murder. This volume charts the complete progress of academic work in this field, detailing the development from the early domination of psychiatric enquiries to the later proliferation of criminal justice studies into the darkest of human behaviours.Trade Review'...a guide through the most important monographs which have appeared since the middle of the 1980s...an important aid in academic work...' Kriminologisches JournalTable of ContentsContents: Introduction: The Study of Serial Murder: Cultural Overview: Herostratus, Jean-Paul Sartre; Son of Cain or Son of Sam? The monster as serial killer in Beowulf, Brian Meehan; Towards an historical sociology of multiple murder, Elliott Leyton. Origins of the Impulse: A study of serial murder, Constance McKenzie; Serial Murderers: early proposed development model and typology, Nancy L. Ansevics and Harold E. Doweiko; Detective magazines: pornography for the sexual sadist, Park Elliott Dietz, Bruce Harry and Robert R. Hazelwood; Adolescents' motivations for viewing graphic horror, Deirdre D. Johnston; Ideological homicide, R.S. Ratner. Criminological Analysis: A murder 'wave': trends in American serial homicide 1940-1990, Philip Jenkins; Serial murder in England 1940-1985, Philip Jenkins; Are serial killers special?, David Canter, Christopher Missen and Samantha Hodge; Multiple murder: a review, David M. Gresswell and Clive R. Hollin; Assessment of PTSD symptoms in a community exposed to serial murder, Michael J. Herkov and Monica Biernat. Psychiatric Diagnosis and the Law: American psychiatry and the criminal: a historical review, Seymour Halleck; The insanity plea: a futile defense for serial killers, Anne C. Gresham; Contributions of psychiatric consultation in the investigation of serial murder, John A. Liebert; The sexually sadistic killer and his offenses, Park Elliott Dietz, Robert R. Hazelwood and Janet Warren. Psychological Perspectives: A study of William Heirens, Foster Kennedy, Harry R. Hoffman and William H. Haines; The Bianchi (L.A. Hillside Strangler) case: sociopath or multiple personality?, John G. Watkins; Difficulties diagnosing the multiple personality syndrome in a death penalty case, Ralph B. Allison; On the differential diagnosis of multiple personality in the forensic context, Martin T. Orne, David F. Dinges and Emily Carota Orne; Towards a new methodology for making sense of case material: an illustrative case involving attempted m

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Book SynopsisDescribed by the learned editor of this new Routledge collection as both a subfield and a fundamental approach to criminological inquiry', theoretical criminology is concerned with debates about foundational analytical concepts: what is crime? What is punishment? It also seeks to explain outcomes: what causes crime? What is the effect of punishment? What makes a criminal?As theoretical criminology continues rapidly to develop, this new four-volume mini library' meets the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of the major works that have contributed to its growth. The gathered piecesassembled by a distinguished scholar from the University of Oxford's Centre for Criminologyexplore the nature of theory' and explanation' within criminology, and the sometimes fraught relationship between the two. Moreover, the collection maps the chronological development of criminology theory to provide a clear sense of its evolution, as well as to enable users to understa

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, the fields of crime analysis and environmental criminology have grown in prominence for their advancements made in understanding crime. This book offers a theoretical and methodological introduction to crime analysis, covering the main techniques used in the analysis of crime and the foundation of crime mapping. Coverage includes discussions of: The development of crime analysis and the profession of the crime analyst, The theoretical roots of crime analysis in environmental criminology, Pertinent statistical methods for crime analysis, Spatio-temporal applications of crime analysis, Crime mapping and the intersection of crime analysis and police work, Future directions for crime analysis. Packed with case studies and including examples of specific problems faced by crime analysts, this book offers the perfect introduction to the analysis and inTrade Review"With short, simple chapters that cut to the chase, Walker and Drawve have written a crime analysis book that will be easily accessible to an undergraduate audience."– Jerry H. Ratcliffe, Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Director of the Center for Security and Crime Science, Temple University"An insightful and engaging look into the realm of crime analysis that offers readers a practical understanding of the field and its methods, making the crime analysis profession an invaluable resource to public safety agencies and the communities they serve."– Joel Caplan, Associate Professor at the Rutgers University School of Criminal Justice and Deputy Director of the Rutgers Center on Public Security"The emergence of crime analysis has been a driving force in the modern evolution of policing. Indeed, crime analysts, and the work products they produce, are integral to the design and implementation of evidence-based crime prevention practices. In Foundations of Crime Analysis, Walker and Drawve present a comprehensive overview of crime analysis techniques. The book is greatly beneficial to both academics and practitioners interested in further developing their understanding of crime analysis."– Eric L. Piza, Associate Professor in the Department of Law and Police Science, John Jay College of Criminal Justice"This book covers a variety of topics relevant to the field and is a great resource for students being introduced to the field, new analysts, and even experienced analysts. As an experienced analyst, I really appreciated the chapters on presenting information and picked up some new tips, tricks, and ideas. I have seen so many changes over the last 20 years, many aspects of my job today that I could not have imagined at the beginning, so I enjoyed the last chapter discussing the future of the field, thinking about where we are all headed, and how it can impact not just law enforcement but other aspects of the criminal justice arena as well."– Michelle Belongie, Crime Analyst at the Green Bay Police Department and secretary of the WI Law Enforcement Analyst NetworkTable of Contents1. Practicalities of crime analysis, 2. What is crime analysis? 3. Places and individuals: environmental criminology, 4. Strategic and tactical crime analysis, 5. Problem identification, 6. Data, 7. Describing crime events, 8. Examining multiple elements of crime and place, 9. Making inferences from one place to another, 10. Useful tips and techniques, 11. Spatial and termporal applications, 12. Crime mapping, 13. Retrospective techniques, 14. Predictive techniques, analytics, and applications, 15. Future directions, Appendix A: Crime analyst questionnaire responses, Appendix B: National Incident-Based Reportering System (NIBRS) group offenses, Appendix C: Data analysis add-in for Microsoft Excel

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Book SynopsisThis book is about the meanings of masculinities within the social networks of the streets of an American city (St Louis, Missouri), and how these shaped perceptions and enactments of violence. Based on a large number of interviews with offenders the author provides a rich description of life on the streets, contextualizing criminal violence within this deviant subculture, and with a specific focus on issues of gender. The book provides one of the most detailed descriptions yet of the forms masculinity takes in disadvantages communities in the United States. It establishes how street based gender identity motivated and guided men through violent encounters, exploring how men''s relationships with women and their families instigated violence. One key issue addressed is why men resorted to violence in certain situations and not in others, exploring the range of choices open to them and how these opportunities were interpreted. The book makes a major contribution to the study of the relatTable of ContentsForeword by Jody Miller 1. Doing crime, doing gender 2. Gender's omnipresence: methodology 3. Real men and punks: masculinities on the streets 4. Every motherfucker gonna try to punk you: masculinity challenges 5. One's man 'ho' is another man's sister: men's relationships with women and families 6. Is it being smart, or just a punk ass move? The contradictions of street masculinity 7. Masculinities, streetlife and violence

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Book SynopsisResearch and theorizing on criminal decision making has not kept pace with recent developments in other fields of human decision making. Whereas criminal decision making theory is still largely dominated by cognitive approaches such as rational choice-based models, psychologists, behavioral economists and neuroscientists have found affect (i.e., emotions, moods) and visceral factors such as sexual arousal and drug craving, to play a fundamental role in human decision processes.This book examines alternative approaches to incorporating affect into criminal decision making and testing its influence on such decisions. In so doing it generalizes extant cognitive theories of criminal decision making by incorporating affect into the decision process. In two conceptual and ten empirical chapters it is carefully argued how affect influences criminal decisions alongside rational and cognitive considerations. The empirical studies use a wide variety of methods ranging froTrade Review"Personally, the editors (and contributors) convinced me of the critical importance of this field in criminology." Benoit Leclerc, PhD, Senior Lecturer, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith UniversityThis collection of papers is a timely and important contribution to our understanding of criminal decision making. It extends the utility of rational choice theory, and enhances its potential for further practical application.Professor Max Taylor, University of St AndrewsSome while ago I called for researchers in situational crime prevention to ‘make offenders richer’, in the sense of adding emotional and motivational depth to the two-dimensional Rational Choice model, valuable though that has been and will continue to be. Understanding the whole person of the offender – by incorporating affect – can both sharpen and widen our options in designing situational interventions, and suggest new interventions that we have not yet envisaged. The authors of this book have enriched the offender indeed, and in so doing have enriched crime science and criminology in a seminal collection of papers that will stimulate research, theory and practice for years to come.Paul Ekblom, Professor of Design Against Crime, University of the Arts LondonThis book makes a unique contribution to the offender decision making literature. Examined in the chapters are the implications of recent developments in emotion research for our understanding of how offenders make decisions. These insights will enhance our knowledge of offending and crime prevention.Professor Anna Stewart, Griffith University, AustraliaTable of Contents1. Introduction Affect and Cognition in Criminal Decision Making: Between Rational Choices and Lapses of Self-Control, 2. Affect and the Reasoning Criminal: Past and Future, 3. Affect and the Dynamic Foreground of Predatory Street Crime: Desperation, Anger, and Fear, 4. Posterior Gains and Immediate Pains: Offender Emotions Before, During and After Robberies, 5. The Role of Sexual Arousal and Perceived Consequences in Men’s and Women’s Decisions to Engage in Sexually Coercive Behaviors, 6. Sexual Arousal and the Ability to Access Sexually Aggressive Consequences from Memory, 7. Emotional Arousal and Child Sex Offending: A Situational Perspective, 8. "I Would Have Been Sorry": Anticipated Regret and the Role of Expected Emotions in the Decision to Offend, 9. Anticipated Emotions and Immediate Affect in Criminal Decision Making: From Shame to Anger, 10. Emotional Justifications for Unethical Behavior, 11. A Neuropsychological Test of Criminal Decision Making: Regional Prefrontal Influences in a Dual Process Model, 12. Traits and States of Self-Conscious Emotions in Criminal Decision Making.

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Book SynopsisThis book considers contemporary international interventions with a specific focus on analyzing the frameworks that have guided recent peacekeeping operations led by the United Nations. Drawing from the work of Michel Foucault and Foucauldian-inspired approaches in the field of International Relations, it highlights how interventions can be viewed through the lens of governmentality and its key attendant concepts. The book draws from these approaches in order to explore how international interventions are increasingly informed by governmental rationalities of security and policing. Two specific cases are examined: the UN''s Security Sector Reform (SSR) approach and the UN''s Protection of Civilians agenda. Focusing on the governmental rationalities that are at work in these two central frameworks that have come to guide contemporary UN-led peacekeeping efforts in recent years, the book considers: The use in IR of governmentality and its attendant notions of biopTrade Review'Marc Doucet’s book, Reforming 21st Century Peacekeeping Operations: Governmentalities of Security, Protection, and Police, drawing from the work of Michel Foucault, theorizes about the relationship between the governmental rationality and the UNPKO reform agenda in recent decades. He chooses two specific cases: the SSR model and the UNSC Protection of Civilians (PoC). In one of the chapters entitled Governmentality, sovereign power, and contemporary international peacekeeping operations, Doucet explores key Foucauldian notions, like governmentality, population, biopower and sovereign power.' Ricardo Oliveira dos Santos, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 2019 Table of ContentsChapter 1: Reforming 21st-century peacekeeping operations: governmentalities of security, protection, and police Chapter 2: Governmentality, sovereign Power, and contemporary international peacekeeping operations Introduction The mentality of government Governmentalizing the state Sovereign power, biopower, and state sovereignty Sovereign power and states of emergency Conclusion Chapter 3: Police, security, and resilience Introduction International police and international policing Police as a figuration of sovereign power Police as regulation mania Security and police The police-security project of resilience Conclusion Chapter 4: Local ownership: the police-security project of security sector reform (SSR) Introduction Security Sector Reform (SSR): a summary The governmentality of SSR Operationalizing resilience through local ownership Conclusion Chapter 5: The UN’s protection of civilians agenda Introduction Civilis Civilis legalis The new lawfare of protecting civilians The UN’s PoC agenda Rationalizing protection at its point of application The necropolitics of protection Conclusion Chapter 6: Conclusion: reforming UN peacekeeping operations: security, protection, and police

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Book SynopsisThis fifth edition of the first true textbook on the death penalty engages the reader with a full account of the arguments and issues surrounding capital punishment. The book begins with the history of the death penalty from colonial to modern times, and then examines the moral and legal arguments for and against capital punishment. It also provides an overview of major Supreme Court decisions and describes the legal process behind the death penalty. In addressing these issues, the author reviews recent developments in death penalty law and procedure, including ramifications of newer case law, such as that regarding using lethal injection as a method of execution. The author's motivation has been to understand what motivates the deathquest of the American people, leading a large percentage of the public to support the death penalty. The book educates readers so that whatever their death penalty positions are, they are informed opinions.Trade ReviewBohm's DeathQuest is by far the best text on capital punishment available; no other is near as thorough and complete; no other provides as deep a review of all of the relevant issues and topics of debate; no other provides as exhaustive a review of the research literature nor of the relevant case law. All other texts are competing for the second rung on the ladder for DeathQuest occupies the top rung without any challengers.--John Cochran, University of South FloridaDeathQuest provides an in-depth introduction to the American death penalty for the novice and a helpful resource for the knowledgeable. At a time when capital punishment is drawing increasing scrutiny and criticism, the topic deserves the careful attention provided by this extremely helpful compendium. --Carol Steiker, Harvard Law SchoolThis is a clear and comprehensive approach to capital punishment—it addresses basic facts about the death penalty including: the history of its use in this country, landmark Supreme Court cases, a global perspective, analysis of execution methods, and arguments surrounding deterrence, economic costs, innocence, racial discrimination, arbitrariness, retribution, religion, and public opinion. As such, it provides students with the foundation for an impressive breadth of knowledge regarding capital punishment. --Talia Harmon, Niagara UniversityThis book is a compelling and comprehensive analysis of capital punishment written in an engaging style. Bohm does a masterful job of presenting and explaining court cases, the research, and the many difficult questions raised by our system of capital punishment. The result is that this book will make you think about your attitude toward capital punishment and by the end, you will better understand both sides of the issue. --Marla Sandys, Associate Professor, Indiana UniversityTable of ContentsContentsForewordAcknowledgments About the AuthorPrefaceChapter 1 History of the Death Penalty in the United States: The Pre-Modern PeriodChapter 2 Capital Punishment and the Supreme Court: The Pre-Modern PeriodChapter 3 The Challenge to Capital Punishment’s LegalityChapter 4 Capital Punishment and the Supreme Court: The Modern PeriodChapter 5 The Death Penalty at the Federal Level, in the Military, and GloballyChapter 6 Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Death Row, and Methods of ExecutionChapter 7 General Deterrence and the Death PenaltyChapter 8 Future Dangerousness, Incapacitation, and Economic Costs of Capital Punishment Chapter 9 Miscarriages of Justice and the Death PenaltyChapter 10 Arbitrariness and Discrimination in the Administration of the Death PenaltyChapter 11 Retribution, Religion, and Capital PunishmentChapter 12 American Death Penalty OpinionAppendix A ReferencesSubject Index

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Book SynopsisSocial Constructionist Theory has become a transcendent perspective appearing in a variety of disciplines from sociology, psychology and psychotherapy, to geography, political science and post-modernism. It integrates the symbolic interactionist tradition of social psychology with the labeling theory from the sociology of deviance, and with sociological phenomenology, to provide insight into the ways social interaction becomes objective social reality, constitutive of social institutions and culminating in social structure. When applied to crime and justice, as in this volume, the theoretical penetration of mundane activities allow us to see how crime, justice and penalty emerge as anchoring concepts, while also showing the arbitrary nature of these social formations that have such an important impact on everyday people's lives. The volume is organized to examine: the classical roots of constructionist theory in the work of Alfred Schutz and popularized by Berger and Luckmann; its applTable of ContentsContents: Introduction. Theoretical Overview: Social construction of crime, Stuart Henry. Part I Social Constructionism, Criminology and Criminal Justice: Theoretical Roots: Alfred Schutz: Phenomenology and contemporary sociological theory: the contribution of Alfred Schutz, Helmut R. Wagner; Alfred Schutz's influence on American sociologists and sociology, George Psathas; Constructing Social Problems: Social problems: a re-formulation, Malcolm Spector and John I. Kitsuse; Social problems theory: the constructionist view, Joseph W. Schneider; Constructing Crime: The Media’s Role in Defining Crime: Media constructions of crime, Vincent F. Sacco; The media’s role in the definition of crime, Ray Surette and Charles Otto; Constructing Crime: Moral Panics: ’The Ice Age’: the social construction of a drug panic, Philip Jenkins; Another look at moral panics: the case of satanic day care centers, Mary DeYoung; Beyond folk devil resistance: linking moral panic and moral regulation, Sean P. Hier, Dan Lett, Kevin Walby and André Smith; Constructing Criminal Justice: The social construction of crime and crime control, Nicole Hahn Rafter; Inventing criminal justice: myth and social construction, Victor E. Kappeler; The Columbine effect and school antiviolence policy, Glenn W. Muschert and Anthony A. Peguero. Part II Social Constructionist Related Theories: Symbolic Interactionism and Labeling Theory: Notes on the sociology of deviance, Kai T. Erikson; Crime as social interaction, Leroy C. Gould, Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz; The labelling perspective forty years on, Ken Plummer; Ethnomethodology: Conditions of successful degradation ceremonies, Harold Garfinkel; Ethnomethodology and criminology: the social production of crime and the criminal, Stephen J. Pfohl; Ethnomethodological perspective (on crime and deviance), Robert O. Keel; Phenomenology, Postmodernism and Constitutive Criminology: Phenomenology, postmodernism, and philosophical criminology: a conversational criti

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Book SynopsisForensic science evidence and expert witness testimony play an increasingly prominent role in modern criminal proceedings. Science produces powerful evidence of criminal offending, but has also courted controversy and sometimes contributed towards miscarriages of justice. The twenty-six articles and essays reproduced in this volume explore the theoretical foundations of modern scientific proof and critically consider the practical issues to which expert evidence gives rise in contemporary criminal trials. The essays are prefaced by a substantial new introduction which provides an overview and incisive commentary contextualising the key debates. The volume begins by placing 'forensic science' in interdisciplinary focus, with contributions from historical, sociological, Science and Technology Studies (STS), philosophical and jurisprudential perspectives. This is followed by closer examination of the role of forensic science and other expert evidence in criminal proceedings, exposing enTable of ContentsContents: Introduction. Part I Interdisciplinary ‘Forensic Science’ - Theoretical Foundations: Historical and practical considerations regarding expert testimony, Learned Hand; A just measure of science, David Nelken; Science and technology studies on trial: dilemmas of expertise, Michael Lynch and Simon Cole; Of truth, in science and in law, Susan Haack; The irrelevance, and central relevance, of the boundary between science and non-science in the evaluation of expert witness reliability, D. Michael Risinger. Part II Expert Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Fingerprint evidence in an age of DNA profiling, Jennifer L. Mnookin; Science in the criminal process, Paul Roberts; ‘Junk science’: the criminal cases, Paul C. Giannelli; Sounding out expert voice identification, David Ormerod; Atkins v The Emperor: the ‘cautious’ use of unreliable ‘expert’ opinion, Gary Edmond, Richard Kemp, Glenn Porter, David Hamer, Mike Burton, Katherine Biber and Mehera San Roque; Forensic science evidence in question, Mike Redmayne, Paul Roberts, Colin Aitken and Graham Jackson. Part III Interpreting Forensic Science Evidence: A framework for analysis, Erica Beecher-Monas; The vision in ‘blind’ justice: expert perception, judgment, and visual cognition in forensic pattern recognition, Itiel E. Dror and Simon A. Cole; Forensic identification: from a faith-based ‘science’ to a scientific science, Michael J. Saks; Interpretation of statistical evidence in criminal trials: the prosecutor’s fallacy and the defense attorney’s fallacy, William C. Thompson and Edward L. Schumann; Presenting probabilities in court: the DNA experience, Mike Redmayne; Communicating opinion evidence in the forensic identification sciences: accuracy and impact, Dawn McQuiston-Surrett and Michael J. Saks; She blinded me with science: wrongful convictions and the ‘reverse CSI-effect’, Mark A. Godsey and Marie Alou. Part IV Procedural Reform in Comparative Perspective: The psychiatric expert in court, Anthony Kenny; Expertise and the Daubert decision, Ronald J. Allen; Eyes wide shut: hidden problems and future consequences of the fact-based validity standard, Joëlle Anne Moreno; Daubert, Schmaubert: criminal defendants and the short end of the science stick, Susan D. Rozelle; The Law Commission’s report on expert evidence in criminal proceedings, Gary Edmond and Andrew Roberts; Expert evidence and the Law Commission: implementation without legislation?, Tony Ward; Court experts and expert witnesses: have we a lesson to learn from the French?, J.R. Spencer; Forensic science in inquisitorial systems of criminal justice, Bron McKillop. Name index.

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Book SynopsisIntelligence is used daily by law enforcement personnel across the world in operations to combat terrorism and drugs and to assist in investigating serious and organized crime. Managing Intelligence: A Guide for Law Enforcement Professionals is designed to assist practitioners and agencies build an efficient system to gather and manage intelligence effectively and lawfully in line with the principles of intelligence-led policing.Research for this book draws from discussions with hundreds of officers in different agencies, roles, and ranks from the UK, United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. Highlighting common misunderstandings in law enforcement about intelligence, the book discusses the origins of these misunderstandings and puts intelligence in context with other policing models. It looks at human rights and ethical considerations as well as some of the psychological factors that inhibit effective intelligence management. With practicTable of ContentsThe Concept of Managing Intelligence. Intelligence in Context. Understanding Intelligence. Human Rights, Legislation, and Ethics. Psychology and Intelligence Management. The Intelligence Cycle (Revisited). Building an Intelligence Management System. Analysis. Intelligence Originating from Traditional. Law Enforcement Activities. Intelligence from Covert Operations. Using Intelligence. Challenges and the Way Ahead. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis up-to-date resource on restorative justice theory and practice is the literature's most comprehensive and authoritative review of original research in new and contested areas.Bringing together contributors from across a range of jurisdictions, disciplines and legal traditions, this edited collection provides a concise, but critical review of existing theory and practice in restorative justice. Authors identify key developments, theoretical arguments and new empirical evidence, evaluating their merits and demerits, before turning the reader's attention to further concerns informing and improving the future of restorative justice. Divided into four parts, the Handbook includes papers written by leading scholars on new theory, empirical evidence of implementation, critiques and the future of restorative justice.This companion is essential reading for scholars of restorative justice, criminology, social theory, psychology, law, human rights and criminal Trade Review'This international Handbook grounds itself in the present and past in order to look to the future. It sets for itself an important but challenging goal: to reflect the state of restorative justice in the early 21st century, including not only developments in theory and practice, but also its essential debates and challenges. This is an important collection for anyone who wants to understand and grapple with 21st century restorative justice.'Howard Zehr, Eastern Mennonite University, USA'This book is perhaps the most comprehensive and certainly the most up-to-date collection on restorative justice. It goes to some topics rarely addressed in earlier volumes … and embraces a wider range of critiques of restorative justice than most volumes on the subject … Furthermore, in its geographical coverage, this international Handbook is much broader than older collections … We are grateful to Theo Gavrielides for bringing so many voices into the conversation. Many inspiring restorative justice leaders in the past have mobilized convening power toward projects of listening, but none more widely nor in more diverse ways than Theo Gavrielides in recent years.'John Braithwaite, Australian National University'A decade after the first two "Handbooks of Restorative Justice", this successor comes timely. It is an update of developments in ideas and current debates, and of a great part of the relevant literature. A new generation of authors is emerging. Restorative justice researchers, advocates and critics should have it.'Lode Walgrave, University of Leuven, Belgium'In its breadth and depth, this impressive collection represents a new chapter in one of the most remarkable stories in criminal justice of the past century. Restorative justice has grown from the radical, abstract vision of 30 years ago into a fully fledged field of study and practice, worthy of this important international handbook.'Shadd Maruna, author of Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild Their Lives'This book offers thoughtful and varied approaches to reconciliation and community resilience. As readers, we see that inclusive approaches to justice--involving loved ones, community support systems, and cultural context--offer real hope for renewal and personal peace. This book challenges the punitive aspects of the current criminal justice system, to be sure, but also offers practical tools for transformative leaders to nurture restoration, reformation, and healing. A pathway forward is found through the wisdom of the scholars here, all of whom are committed to restorative justice and a more resilient future.'Maya Soetoro, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA'This international Handbook grounds itself in the present and past in order to look to the future. It sets for itself an important but challenging goal: to reflect the state of restorative justice in the early 21st century, including not only developments in theory and practice, but also its essential debates and challenges. This is an important collection for anyone who wants to understand and grapple with 21st century restorative justice.'Howard Zehr, Eastern Mennonite University, USA'This book is perhaps the most comprehensive and certainly the most up-to-date collection on restorative justice. It goes to some topics rarely addressed in earlier volumes … and embraces a wider range of critiques of restorative justice than most volumes on the subject … Furthermore, in its geographical coverage, this international Handbook is much broader than older collections … We are grateful to Theo Gavrielides for bringing so many voices into the conversation. Many inspiring restorative justice leaders in the past have mobilized convening power toward projects of listening, but none more widely nor in more diverse ways than Theo Gavrielides in recent years.'John Braithwaite, Australian National University'A decade after the first two "Handbooks of Restorative Justice", this successor comes timely. It is an update of developments in ideas and current debates, and of a great part of the relevant literature. A new generation of authors is emerging. Restorative justice researchers, advocates and critics should have it.'Lode Walgrave, University of Leuven, Belgium'In its breadth and depth, this impressive collection represents a new chapter in one of the most remarkable stories in criminal justice of the past century. Restorative justice has grown from the radical, abstract vision of 30 years ago into a fully fledged field of study and practice, worthy of this important international handbook.'Shadd Maruna, author of Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild Their Lives'This book offers thoughtful and varied approaches to reconciliation and community resilience. As readers, we see that inclusive approaches to justice--involving loved ones, community support systems, and cultural context--offer real hope for renewal and personal peace. This book challenges the punitive aspects of the current criminal justice system, to be sure, but also offers practical tools for transformative leaders to nurture restoration, reformation, and healing. A pathway forward is found through the wisdom of the scholars here, all of whom are committed to restorative justice and a more resilient future.'Maya Soetoro, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA`the Handbook is an excellent resource which will be useful to many restorative justice practitioners and researchers, as well as postgraduate students in criminology, forensic psychology, social work and beyond. Theo Gavrielides and the diverse contributors have produced a fascinating and dynamic book, sure to be widely read and used for years to come.' Jamie Buchan, The International Journal of Restorative Justice 2022 vol. 5(2) pp. 297-300doi: 10.5553/TIJRJ.000123Table of ContentsPART I: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE THEORY: THE NEXT STEPS; 1: Looking at the past of restorative justice: Normative reflections on its future; 2: Pushing the theoretical boundaries of restorative justice: Non- sovereign justice in radical political and social theories; 3: Human rights and restorative justice; 4: Beyond restorative justice: Social justice as a new objective for criminal justice; 5: Returning to indigenous traditions of peacemaking and peacekeeping: From Jirga (TDR) to restorative justice (ADR) in Pakistan; 6: Finding a normative place for a recast restorative principle of peacemaking; 7: Recovery and restorative justice: Systems for generating social justice; PART II: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PRACTICE: THE EVIDENCE; 8: Victims and offenders' perceptions and experiences of restorative justice: The evidence from London, UK; 9: Victims and restorative justice: Bringing theory and evidence together; 10: Restorative justice and child sexual abuse; 11: Complex cases of restorative justice after serious crime: Creating and enabling spaces for those with disability; 12: Restorative policing for the 21st century: Historical lessons for future practice; 13: Restorative justice and gender differences in intimate partner violence: The evidence; 14: Evaluating the success of restorative justice conferencing: A values-based approach; 15: Introducing restorative practice in healthcare settings; 16: Traffic congestion and road rage: A restorative case study to road sharing; 17: Restorative justice in universities: Case studies of what works with restorative responses to student misconduct; 18: Restorative justice re-entry planning for the imprisoned: An evidence-based approach to recidivism reduction; 19: Architecture and restorative justice: Designing with values and well-being in mind; PART III: THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT RESTORATIVE JUSTICE; 20: Restorative interventions in Chinese communities: Cultural-specific skills and challenges; 21: Is changing lenses possible? The Chilean case study of integrating restorative justice into a hierarchical criminal justice system; 22: Is restorative justice possible through the eyes of lay people? A Polish evidence-based case study; 23: Restorative justice as a colonial project in the disempowerment of Indigenous peoples; 24: Does Restorative Justice Reduce Recidivism? Assessing Evidence and Claims about Restorative Justice and Reoffending; 25: Restorative justice compared to what?; PART IV: THE FUTURE OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE; 26: Restorative justice and the therapeutic tradition: Looking into the future; 27: True representation: The implications of restorative practices for the future of democracy; 28: The best is yet to come: Unlocking the true potential of restorative practice; 29: The new generation of restorative justice; 30: Transforming powers and restorative justice; 31: Extending the reach of restorative justice; Epilogue: Restorative justice with care and responsibility;

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Book SynopsisDefiance in the Family follows the treatment of childhood and adolescent defiance through therapy, from intake to termination. The authors take a unique view of defiance as an expression of a child's worry for a family that is not working properly and as the child's means of protecting the inner self in the face of family turmoil.Trade Review"The authors provide a refreshing perspective . . . This book can serve not only as a manual for this type of therapy, but, because it is easily readable, it can also be recommended to families undergoing this treatment." -- Psychiatry"Cutting edge, thought-provoking, yet highly practical...this volume is a must-read for clinicians working with families and adolescents snared in a web of alienation, anger and defiance." -- William Bumberry, MDTable of ContentsIntroduction; Chapter 1 Defiance in Families; Chapter 2 Parenting; Chapter 3 The Dilemma of Childhood; Chapter 4 Therapists and the Therapeutic Process; Chapter 5 Beginning the Therapeutic Project; Chapter 6 Therapeutic Jambalaya; Chapter 7 The Heart of Therapy; Chapter 8 Three-Generation Family Consultation; Chapter 9 Termination;

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Book SynopsisThroughout the western world public opinion has played an important role in shaping criminal justice policy. At the same time opinion polls repeatedly demonstrate that the public knows little about crime and justice, and holds negative views of the criminal justice system. This book, consisting of chapters from leading authorities in the field, is concerned to address this problem, and draws upon research in a number of different countries to address the issues arising from this state of affairs. Its main aims are: to explore the changing and evolving nature of public attitudes to sentencing to examine the factors that influence public opinion and to bring together recent international research which has demonstrated ways in which public attitudes can be changed to propose specific strategies to respond to the crisis in public confidence in criminal justice. Trade Review'The book makes a much needed and timely contribution to building a body of knowledge that deconstructs current misconceptions about public attitudes to punishment.' − SCOLAG Journal 'This book provides comprehensive coverage of some of the important issues linked to changing attitudes to punishment, and provides some fascinating and accessible insights .. as a consequence it is a significant contribution to furthering understanding'; 'At the end of the day I can think of very little else that that I would have wished had been included in this excellent text, and little that ought to be excised.' − Commonwealth Judicial Journal 'The volume will undoubtedly serve as a stimulus for more research on public opinion and attitudes about crime, thereby contributing to improvements in penal policy.' − British Journal of Criminology Table of Contents1. Public Attitudes to Punishment: The Context by Julian V. Roberts and Mike Hough 2. Measuring Attitudes to Sentencing by Loretta J. Stalans 3. Public Opinion and the Nature of Community Penalties by Julian V. Roberts 4. Cross-National Attitudes Towards Punishment by Pat Mayhew and John Kesteren 5. The Evolution of Public Attitudes to Punishment in Western and Eastern Europe by Helmut Kury, Obergfell-Fuchs and Ursula Smartt 6. Public and Judicial Attitudes to Punishment in Switzerland by André Kuhn 7. Public Support for Correctional Rehabilitation: Change or Consistency? by Francis T. Cullen, Jennifer A. Pealer, Bonnie S. Fisher, Brandon K. Applegate and Shannon A. Santana 8. Attitudes to Punishment in the US - Punitive and Liberal Opinions by John Doble 9. How Malleable are Attitudes to Crime and Punishment? Findings from a British Deliberative Poll by Mike Hough and Alison Park 10. Improving Public Knowledge about Crime and Criminal Justice by Catriona Mirrlees-Black 11. Strategies for Changing Public Attitudes to Punishment by David Indermaur and Mike Hough 12. Privileging Public Attitudes Towards Sentencing by Rod Morgan

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Book SynopsisThis book is the third publication from the Eurogang Network, a cross-national collaboration of researchers (from both North America and Europe) devoted to comparative and multi-national research on youth gangs. It provides a unique insight into the influence of migration on local gang formation and development, paying particular attention to the importance of ethnicity. The book also explores the challenges that migration and ethnicity pose for responding effectively to the growth of such gangs, particularly in areas where public discourse on such issues is restricted. Chapters in the book are concerned to address both situations where there have been longstanding problems with street gangs as well as areas where such issues have just started to emerge. A variety of different research traditions and approaches are represented, including ethnographic methods, self-report surveys and interviews, official records data and victim interviews. It will be essential reading for anybody interested in the phenomenon of street and youth gangs.Table of ContentsForeword Part 1: Introduction and Methods 1. Introduction 2. Migrant Groups and Gang Activity: A Contrast Between Europe and the USA 3. Dangers and Problems of Doing 'Gang' Research in the UK Part 2: Migration and Street Gangs 4. Mexican Migrants in Gangs: A Second-generation History 5. Latin Kings in Barcelona 6. Gangs, Migration and Conflict: Thrasher's Theme in The Netherlands 7. Origins and Developments of Racist Skinheads in Moscow Part 3: Ethnicity and Street Gangs 8. The Role of Race and Ethnicity in Gang Membership 9. Weapons are for Wimps: The Social Dynamics of Ethnicity and Violence in Australian Gangs 10. Ethnicity and Juvenile Street Gangs in France 11. Migration Background, Group Affiliation and Delinquency Among Endangered Youths in a South-west German City 12. Respect, Friendship, and Racial Injustice: Justifying Gang Membership in a Canadian City Part 4: Issues and Challenges of Migration and Ethnicity in Dealing with Youth Gangs 13. An Interactive Construction of Gangs and Ethnicity: The Role of School Segregation in France 14. 'Nemesis' and the Achilles Heel of Pakistani Gangs in Norway 15. Wolves and Sheepdogs: On Migration, Ethnic Relations and Gang-police Interaction in Sweden 16. Concluding Remarks: The Roles of Migration and Ethnicity in Street Gang Formation, Involvement and Response

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Book SynopsisSex offenders, and in particular paedophiles, have been the subject of much political and media attention, producing intensive debates about the best way of dealing with them. This book explores these issues, evaluating the measures in use or being considered, including drug treatment, MAPPA, the use of the Sex Offender Register, restorative justice techniques, and treatment programmes. It is concerned with high-risk sex offenders both when they are sentenced to a community order, and also when they are released back into the community after a custodial sentence. The introductory section opens with a discussion on how terms such as paedophilia are constructed and viewed, and then looks at how government policy regarding sex offending has developed over recent years. Section two looks at issues concerned with risk management, questioning whether enough is being done to monitor the risk that high-risk offenders pose when released into society; whilst section three, on risk reduction covers the main methods of treatment, including sex offender treatment programmes, pharmacotherapy (chemical castration) and restorative and reintegration techniques. Section Four focuses on specific offender groups; including female sexual offenders, sexual harm by youth, mentally disordered sexual offenders and intellectual disabled offenders. These assess in what ways these offenders are different to the 'norm' and look at how we should be dealing and treating these differences. The final section looks at social and moral responsibilities, including the patterns, prevention and protection of cyber-sex offences and media constructions of and reactions to paedophilia. In the final chapter the concept of dignity is addressed and the balance between community protection and the rights of sex offenders involved is evaluated.Trade Review'Karen Harrison, the editor, closes the preface with this comment: "whether he overall aim (to identify methods to prevent further sexual victimization) has been achieved is for the reader to assess". According to this humble reader, this aim is fully achieved if, and only if, professionals consider the conclusions reached by the authors. This is an extraordinary book that truly opens the eyes. All professionals wanting to really understand paedophilia should consider this book compulsory reading. It not only includes difficult theoretical questions but also raises practical challenges which must be taken into consideration when researching and in practice.' – Olga Sanchez De Ribera, PhD Student, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge in the Howard Journal Vol 49 No 5. December 2010Table of ContentsPrefacePart 1: Introduction 1. Paedophilia: Definitions and Aetiology 2. High-risk Sex offenders: Issues of PolicyPart 2: Risk Management 3. Effective Multi-agency Public Protection: Learning from the Research 4. The Sex Offender Register, Community Notification and Some Reflections on PrivacyPart 3: Treatment and Risk Reduction 5. An Introduction to Sex Offender Treatment Programmes and their Risk Reduction Efficacy 6. The Use of Pharmacotherapy with High-risk Sex Offenders 7. Restorative Justice and the Reintegration of High-risk Sex OffendersPart 4: Special Offender Groups 8. Female Sexual Offenders: A Special Sub-group9. Enhancing Community Collaboration to Stop Sexual Harm by Youth 10. Mentally Disordered Sex Offenders 11. Intellectualy Disabled Sexual Offenders: Subgroup Profiling and Recidivism after Outpatient TreatmentPart 4: Social and Moral Responsibilities 12. Cyber-sex Offenders: Patterns, Prevention and Protection 13. Media Constructions of and Reactions to Paedophilia in Society 14. Dignity and Dangerousness: Sex Offenders and the Community – Human Rights in the Balance?

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Book SynopsisBased on ethnographic research conducted in 'Starlets', a lap-dancing club in the North of England, this book delves into what is often seen as the 'deviant', and 'stigmatized' world of lap-dancing. As well as the relationships between dancers, the author offers a unique insider's account of lap-dancing club culture, having worked as a lap-dancer both prior to, and during, the study. The book tells a fascinating tale of the author's experiences working as a lap dancer and the insights this has provided. This book projects a textured picture of working, socializing and living as a lap-dancer by following the dancer from the beginning of her career, to her eventual exit; providing a fluid and comprehensive examination of the occupation of lap-dancing. As well as building on the popular themes of 'dancer motivation', 'dancer exploitation/empowerment' and risk already embedded in existing literature, this book also offers completely new insight into this industry by drawing attention to the occupational subculture of which lap-dancers at 'Starlets' were found to be a part. This book is recommended for anyone studying or researching in this field.Trade Review'This is an important study of the occupational culture of lap-dancing. We learn how dancers do their job, manage their identity and membership of a community, their motivations for 'stripping' overtime, and how women manage the 'players' of the lap-dancing world. Dirty Dancing provides a truly authentic, detailed and original account by a 'dance-ethnographer' of how the lap-dancing industry sits within the British night time economy.' – Dr Teela Sanders, University of Leeds'This book, which presents one of the first accounts of lap-dancing within the United Kingdom, proved to be very interesting. Because the vast majority of studies related to stripping and strippers are confined to the United States, this work offers invaluable insights for both scholars of deviance and comparative criminal justice alike. Colosi’s examination of the lap-dancing subculture proves to be unique and offers an in-depth, insider’s perspective of adult entertainment. In spite of the fact that Colosi was employed as a dancer during the course of her study, she presents her findings in an objective and unbiased manner. Her work is also comprehensive in that it examines lap-dancing from the perspectives of managers, customers, and of course, the dancers themselves. It is likely that this book will find a strong audience within the disciplines of sociology, human sexuality, and criminal justice and may very well be regarded as a classic in the years to come. For these reasons, I strongly recommend Dirty Dancing.' – Robert M. Worley, Texas A&M University Central TexasTable of Contents1. Introducing the Ethnography – Working and Researching in a 'Deviant' Occupation 2. Lap-dancing and the Night-time Economy 3. Rules, Contracts and Players 4. Introducing Starlets: A Lap-dancing Club Setting Karen's Story – Part 1: Starting Out 5. Becoming a Dancer Karen's Story – Part 2: Working at Starlets 6. Learning to Lap-Dance: An Apprenticeship 7. Experiencing Lap-dancing 8. Being Established Karen's Story – Part 3: Leaving Starlets 9. Leaving Starlets 10. Lap-dancing – Complex and Contradictory. Epilogue: The Last Dance ...

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Book SynopsisRecent years have seen the release from prison of the Guildford Four, the Birmingham Six and Tottenham Three. The Maguire Seven have now been cleared of all charges, and the discredited West Midlands Crime Squad have now been disbanded. Each of these events has highlighted serious failures in the criminal justice system which have contributed to miscarriages of justice. Amongst the many disturbing features are the obtaining of confessions by unacceptable meansthe fabrication of evidencethe failure to disclose evidence adverse to the prosecution and the inadequacy of appeal and reference-back systems.This book examines the various steps within the criminal justice system which have resulted in the conviction of the innocent, and remedies as to how miscarriages might be avoided in the future are suggested. The contributors comprise academics, campaigners and practitioners, some of whom have been involved in the cases mentioned.

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Book SynopsisThis wide-ranging text provides an overview of policing across different societies, and considers the issues facing the US and British police in a wider international context. The book is designed as a coherent introduction to the police.Trade Review'The book is extremely easy to follow ... an excellent reference for those who want to understand the issues surrounding the value of comparing police forces across the world and also in understanding the way history has forged different approaches to policing across the globe.'- Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender ProfilingTable of ContentsAn introduction to comparative policing; an introduction to policing the world stage; approaches to comparative analysis; the impossibility of becoming an expert on everywhere; police systems across the world; variations on a theme; the development of professional police in the United Kingdom and North America; policing Europe - the police systems of continental Europe; post-socialist policing - limitations on institutional change; the colonial tradition; policing in Japan - East Asian archtype; policing issues in international perspective; government and accountability of the police; armed and unarmed police; community policing as cherry pie; police service for crime victims; policewomen - an international comparison; private policing - uniformity and diversity.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an overview of the history of policing in the UK. Its primary aim is to investigate the shifting nature of policing over time, and to provide a historical foundation to today's debates. Policing: a short history moves away from a focus on the origins of the 'new police', and concentrates rather on broader (but much neglected) patterns of policing. How was there a shift from communal responsibility to policing? What has been expected of the police by the public and vice versa? How have the police come to dominate modern thinking on policing? The book shows how policing - in the sense of crime control and order maintenance - has come to be seen as the work which the police do, even though the bulk of policing is undertaken by people and organisations other than the police. This book will be essential reading for anybody interested in the history of policing, on how differing perceptions emerged on the function of policing on the part of the public, the state and the police, and in today's intense debates on what the police do.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. From the blood feud to the justice of the peace 600 - 1400 3. Policing the poor and the bureaucratisation of policing: 1400 - 1660 4. The professionalization of policing: 1660 - 1800 5. The Jenny Darbies: the new Police 6. 'In the midst of starving hordes': 1850 - 1939 7. 'The Foundation of Law and Order' 1939 - 2000

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Book SynopsisThe history of crime is an exciting field, forming one aspect of a much wider increase in interest in social history as a whole. This book, based on a detailed study of court records in Essex between 1620 and 1680 combines a detailed study of fluctuations in crime and punishment in a seventeenth-century English county with an analysis of the social processes which lay behind prosecution. In so doing, it marks a major contribution to the field. Dr Sharpe's objective is to break away from older treatments of crime in the period, which have depended too much on an uncritical use of literary sources, and to offer a contrast to the legal historian's perspective on the subject. He studies the reality of crime as it was tried at the courts, and as it was experienced by both criminals and victims.Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Problems, sources and methods; 2. Essex: a county and its government; Part II. The face of disorder; 3. The regulation of economic life; 4. Drink offences; 5. Sexual morality and sexual offences; 6. Riot and popular disturbances; Part III. Offences against property and the person: 7. Property offences; 8. Crimes of violence; Part IV. General themes and wider issues: 9. Punishment; 10. Crime and the local community; 11. Overall patterns of crime in Essex, 1620–80; 12. Concluding observations.

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Book SynopsisHow do we make sense of complex evidence? What are the cognitive principles that allow detectives to solve crimes, and lay people to puzzle out everyday problems? To address these questions, David Lagnado presents a novel perspective on human reasoning. At heart, we are causal thinkers driven to explain the myriad ways in which people behave and interact. We build mental models of the world, enabling us to infer patterns of cause and effect, linking words to deeds, actions to effects, and crimes to evidence. But building models is not enough; we need to evaluate these models against evidence, and we often struggle with this task. We have a knack for explaining, but less skill at evaluating. Fortunately, we can improve our reasoning by reflecting on inferential practices and using formal tools. This book presents a system of rational inference that helps us evaluate our models and make sounder judgments.Trade Review'This book is fun to read and easy to understand. It teaches us how we evaluate evidence and how we can evaluate it better. Ordinary people, without scientific training, on a jury or a city council or considering a big move to a new job can deploy these causal modelling techniques to manage evidence effectively.' Nancy Cartwright, Professor of Philosophy, Durham University, UK'This is a remarkable achievement. Explaining the Evidence provides a wonderfully clear, entertaining and erudite introduction to one of humanity's most important, yet unreliable, abilities: building explanations of the world, and the people, around us.' Nick Chater, Professor of Behavioural Science, University of Warwick, UK'Entertainingly illustrated with examples of legal cases, Lagnado's impressive book brings together insights from experimental psychology with modern tools for formal causal reasoning. We use causal stories to try to make sense of evidence, but these can all too easily mislead; this book should help us to overcome these cognitive biases.' A. P. Dawid, Emeritus Professor of Statistics, University of Cambridge, UK'Using causal models and psychology, this work presents a systematic approach to modelling and evaluating evidence. The real criminal cases make for fascinating reading and help to ground the material. This book should be of interest to those in psychology, law and law enforcement, or those wanting to better understand and apply reasoning about evidence.' Joseph Y. Halpern, Professor of Computer Science, Cornell University, USA'In this fascinating book, one of the world's leading experts in causal cognition uses criminal cases and their legal context to show how people seek explanations of the evidence by building causal mental models of the world. So clearly articulated in this book, these ideas are at the forefront of current thinking in this area. It will be of inestimable value to undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers alike. I also would highly recommend it to psychologists, legal scholars and computer scientists.' Mike Oaksford, Professor of Psychology and Head of the Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, UK'This book provides a flowing, compelling and lucid account of how computational models of mental states are changing the face of cognitive psychology and decision-making sciences. It is a must for students of mind, cognition, behavioural sciences and law, especially data scientists who labour to emulate human behaviour on digital machines.' Judea Pearl, Professor of Computer Science, UCLA, USA'How people respond to evidence (and how they don't) is one of the burning questions of our time. Yet one hardly expects a book on the psychology of evidence to be a page-turner. But that's exactly what Dave Lagnado has produced in this authoritative text on the cognition of crime, investigation and verdict.' Steven A. Sloman, Professor of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, USA'Explaining the Evidence is especially compelling reading for anyone involved in law. Through crime investigations, it explores our human capacity for reasoning and exposes the challenges in evaluating evidence that confront decision-makers in criminal cases. Most excitingly, it provides new tools that could ensure sounder judgments and prevent miscarriages of justice.' Cheryl Thomas, Professor of Judicial Studies and Director of the Jury Project and Judicial Institute, UCL, UK'This very readable book will help to make evidence, as a subject, an important focus of cross-disciplinary attention.' William Twining, Emeritus Quain Professor of Jurisprudence, UCL, UK'This book is a terrific read. It is engaging on every level. Using examples of reasoning about crimes, Lagnado skilfully applies theories from empirical psychology. The result is a highly readable introduction to statistical reasoning, Bayes nets representations of causal relationships, heuristically useful reasoning strategies and much more. I strongly recommend it.' James F. Woodward, Distinguished Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, USATable of Contents1. The Cliff Death; 2. Models in Mind; 3. Causal Modelling; 4. Thinking Beyond Biases; 5. Expert Reasoning in Crime Investigation; 6. Questions of Evidence; 7. Competing Causes; 8. Confirmation Bias: Good, Bad and Ugly; 9. Telling Stories; 10. Idioms for Legal Reasoning; 11. Causal Reasoning in a Time of Crisis; References.

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Soviet Criminal Justice under Stalin 100 | BookCurl

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