Crime and criminology Books

Book SynopsisIn Red Zones, Marie-Eve Sylvestre, Nicholas Blomley, and Céline Bellot examine the court-imposed territorial restrictions and other bail and sentencing conditions that are increasingly issued in the context of criminal proceedings. Drawing on extensive fieldwork with legal actors in the criminal justice system, as well as those who have been subjected to court surveillance, the authors demonstrate the devastating impact these restrictions have on the marginalized populations - the homeless, drug users, sex workers and protesters - who depend on public spaces. On a broader level, the authors show how red zones, unlike better publicized forms of spatial regulation such as legislation or policing strategies, create a form of legal territorialization that threatens to invert traditional expectations of justice and reshape our understanding of criminal law and punishment.Trade Review'A brilliant contribution to criminal law and criminal law theory! In their remarkable empirical and legal study on Red Zones, Marie-Eve Sylvestre and her colleagues, Nicholas Blomley and Céline Bellot, show how the quotidian forms of law's technical practices - such as bail and probation supervision - have a momentous impact on the administration of the criminal law, on punishment practices, and on our own understandings and expectations of justice. Chock full of insights about how these practices function to regulate the poor and create both spatial and temporal effects that make rights arguments and resistance far more difficult, Red Zones is a must read for anyone studying criminal law, criminal law theory, and policing.' Bernard E. Harcourt, Isidor and Seville Sulzbacher Professor of Law, Columbia University'A huge contribution to criminology and to urban geography, this book shows, with vast amounts of data, that low-level judicial proceedings such as bail act in a dysfunctional manner by imposing unrealistic spatial prohibitions on those who most need to access services and friends in stigmatized downtown areas. The far-ranging empirical research, carried out mainly in Vancouver and Montreal, is of great relevance not only across Canada but throughout North America, since the practice of imposing 'red zones' (spatial prohibitions) through probation, parole and other lower-court and police mechanisms has become ubiquitous.' Mariana Valverde, University of Toronto'Red Zones is a highly original and ground-breaking book that compellingly reveals how marginalized peoples are increasingly governed through territory and time via criminal law and justice processes. Its rare combination of legal theory and rich empirical data will appeal to legal scholars, criminologists and geographers alike.' Randy K. Lippert, University of WindsorTable of ContentsList of figures; List of maps; List of tables; Acknowledgments; Table of cases; Table of legislation; 1. Navigating the territories of the law; Part I. Foundations: 2. Law and territory, a legal geography; 3. 'Recognizances to keep the peace and be of good behaviour': the legal history of red zones and conditions of release; Part II. Expansion: 4. Territory widening; 5. The shifting and expanding terrain of criminal justice management; Part III. Territorialization and its Consequences: 6. Territorializing: how legal territory is made and justified; 7. Conditional life inside the red zone; 8. Red zoning politics; Conclusion; 9. Red zones in and out of the courtroom; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisRonald Kramer is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand.Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1: Theoretical Foundations Chapter 2: Methodological Approaches and the Politics of Research Chapter 3: The Concept of Culture and Criminalised Behaviour Chapter 4: Critiques of Cultural Criminology on Crime Chapter 5: The Framing of Crime and Social Control Efforts Chapter 6: Consuming Crime and Punishment Chapter 7: Culture and Punishment Chapter 8: Criminal Justice and New Policies on Crime Control Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Minnesota Book Award, an examination of the phenomenon of mass shootings in America and an urgent call to implement evidence-based strategies to stop these tragedies“Groundbreaking.” ―Rachel Louise Snyder, bestselling author of No Visible Bruises Using data from the writers’ groundbreaking research on mass shooters, including first-person accounts from the perpetrators themselves, The Violence Project charts new pathways to prevention and innovative ways to stop the social contagion of violence. Frustrated by reactionary policy conversations that never seemed to convert into meaningful action, special investigator and psychologist Jill Peterson and sociologist James Densley built The Violence Project, the first comprehensive database of mass shooters. Their goal was to establish the root causes of mass shootings and figure out how to stop them by examining hundreds of data points in thTrade Review“This is a thorough, groundbreaking work … A gripping book that will captivate anyone seeking to understand why mass shootings occur and what might be done to recognize and intervene with potential shooters before they act.” * Library Journal (starred review) *“Insightful and cautiously optimistic ... the authors’ nuanced portraits of mass shooters buttress the case that these tragedies ‘are not an inevitable fact of American life; they’re preventable.’ This is a sensitive and knowledgeable treatment of one of America’s most vexing social problems.” * Publishers Weekly *“A bracing compilation of mass shooter profiles and first-person accounts from violent criminals ... a multifaceted study that is alternately horrifying, depressing, and even hopeful ... A distressing, critical study in the understanding, processing, and prevention of mass-casualty gun violence.” * Kirkus Reviews *“One of the most comprehensive studies of the subject” * Wall Street Journal *“[The] book identifies 34 potential solutions to the mass shooting epidemic...[it] focuses on understanding past mass shooters and preventing future ones by showing that our approach to mass shooters is flawed. By painting them as one-dimensional monsters, we avoid society's involvement. And that stops us from solving the problem.” * Minneapolis Star-Tribune *“Reading The Violence Project is like having the lights turned on in a dark stadium. Jillian Peterson and James Densley illuminate for us the darkest corners of our violent predilections. They’ve told us what to do; the rest is up to us. Groundbreaking!” -- Rachel Louise Snyder * bestselling author of No Visible Bruises *“If you ever wondered how can we stop mass shootings, this is the book for you. By mixing compelling first-person interviews with mass shooters and significant data analysis, The Violence Project illustrates the tangible ways we can intervene and prevent a tragedy from occurring. No one is helpless—read this book and help stop violence before it starts.” -- Nicole Hockley * co-founder and managing director, Sandy Hook Promise *“It's a reframing of our mass shooting problem, beyond the familiar and mistaken messaging that bullying, video games and undiagnosed mental illness lay at the crux of the crimes....a reminder to open our eyes...It helpfully summarizes de-escalation techniques and it relays four D's of crisis, dangerous, disruptive, dysregulated or distressed behaviors... a courageous deep dive into a topic for public health that most researchers would rather forget.” * Mitchell Daily Republic *“a must read for every school employee... While there is no simple solution to the problem, the book has numerous helpful suggestions, including one for the media. Give only minimal recognition to the shooter by name.” * Morrison County Record *“A moving book that not only translates the authors’ years of research, but also synthesizes the available literature on mass shootings in an easily digestible, yet compelling format for the lay audience... an essential read.” * The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences *The Violence Project work is a statement of hope in a time when it is easy to feel that Americans have become so inured to gun violence that we simply accept it as standard operating procedure * Pittsburgh Institute for Nonprofit Journalism *For teachers, business owners, parents, and health care providers, for anyone passionate about gun control laws, or anyone yearning to know more—this text is for everyone. The Violence Project tells you everything you need to know about the mass shooting epidemic in the United States and offers evidence-based solutions as to how this crisis can be abated. The authors discuss everything from live shooter drills to security products, explaining what works and what doesn’t based upon their extensive research. * True Crime Index *“One major advantage of this book over others is that it directly addresses the ‘So what can I do?’ dilemma. Unlike journal articles and books that focus on state or Federal policy efforts, this book offers a three-part approach to prevention. The book recommends steps we can take as individuals, institutions, and as a society. … This book emphasizes concrete action, with links and descriptions of resources that can help facilitation these actions. In doing so, this book gives the reader a sense that mass shootings are preventable if we are willing to take a few basic steps to get started.” * Crime Prevention and Community Safety *

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Book SynopsisInvestigative reporter Chris Joyner reveals the true story of Clarence Henderson, a Black sharecropper convicted and sentenced to death three times for a murder he didn’t commit.Named a BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR . . . SO FAR by The New YorkerThe Three Death Sentences of Clarence Henderson is the true story of the wrongfully accused Black sharecropper and the Georgia prosecution desperate to pin the crime on him despite scant evidence. His first trial lasted only a day and featured a lackluster public defense. The book also tells the story of Homer Chase, a former World War II paratrooper and New England radical who was sent to the South by the Communist Party to recruit African Americans to the cause while offering them a chance at increased freedom. And it’s the story of Thurgood Marshall’s NAACP and their battle against not only entrenched racism but a Communist Party—despite facing nearly as much prejudice as thTrade ReviewAtlanta Journal-Constitution investigative reporter Joyner debuts with a searing look at an unsolved murder case . . . Joyner provides just the right level of detail in this stranger-than-fiction narrative, in which endemic racism almost resulted in the execution of an innocent man. * Publishers Weekly, *starred* review *Using a range of archival sources, Joyner illustrates Henderson’s vulnerable position as a Black defendant, and shows how external factors—such as the introduction of lie-detection and ballistics analysis and the rivalry between the N.A.A.C.P. and the Communist Party, which were both determined to come to his defense—shaped the legal proceedings in unexpected ways. * The New Yorker *“A compelling account of ‘justice’ in the Jim Crow South. Recommended for readers interested in true crime and race.” * Library Journal *“Three times Henderson went to trial for Stevens’ murder, three times he was convicted, and sentenced to die in the electric chair, and three times his convictions were overturned. Meanwhile, many believe that Buddy Stevens’ real murderer remained free. It’s an intriguing cold case story that might have remained under the radar if not for Joyner’s deeply researched book.” * Atlanta Journal Constitution *“Drawing on his two-plus decades of experience in journalism, Joyner plumbs newspaper archives, court records and personal interviews to tell the story not just of Henderson—a Black sharecropper in rural Georgia who in the late 1940s and early '50s was convicted and sentenced to death three times for a murder he didn't commit—but of race in the US after World War II.” * CNN *

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Book SynopsisMurguia explores food and foodways within institutions of incarceration. Food, like all resources within total institutions, is vulnerable to social manipulation. Within jail and prison settings, food becomes both a mechanism of control and resistance. In the former, the type of food, its quality, its quantity, and the symbolic significance of its presence or absence all contribute to the socio-political experience of the incarceratedperhaps even adding an extra form of punishment to one's sentence not measured in time, but rather in terms of cruelty. In the latter, the incarcerated may view the preparation of food, the innovation it may undergo, its consumption, or even the refusal of its consumption along these same socio-political lines. Thus viewing food within jail and prison as social facts that engender real consequences reveals a virtually uncharted area of research for understanding the intersection between food and life within the confines of incarceration.Of this line Trade ReviewThis book represents an important first step to begin the necessary conversation about what rights we should view as fundamental. Murguia packs a lot in these pages; exposing the methods of control from the perspective of both corrections officials and inmates. -- Teresa Dalton, University of California, IrvineTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Food as a Mechanism of Control2. Quality Control 3. Quantity Control4. Food as a Mechanism of Resistance5. Bricolage6. Survival7. PleasureConclusionBibliography

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Book SynopsisConvicts represent those wrong-doers who have taken to a particular form of wrong-doing punishable by law. Of the larger army of bad men they represent a minority, who have been found out in a peculiarly unsatisfactory kind of misconduct. There are many men, some lying, unscrupulous, dishonest, others cruel, selfish, vicious, who go through life without ever doing anything that brings them within the scope of the criminal code, for whose offences the laws of society provide no punishment We must be content to study in the microcosm of ordinary crime those instincts, selfish, greedy, brutal which, exploited often by bad men, have wrought such havoc to the happiness of mankind. It is not too much to say that in every man there dwell the seeds of crime; whether they grow or are stifled in their growth by the good that is in us is a chance mysteriously determined. As children of nature we must not be surprised if our instincts are not all that they should be. From the Introduction of this book, originally published in 1918.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an attempt to present to the reader a critical summary of the results of the science now commonly called criminal anthropology. In other words, it deals briefly with the problems connected with the criminal as he is in himself and as he becomes in contact with society; it also tries to indicate some of the practical social bearings of such studies.Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroductionThe Study of the CriminalCriminal Anthropology (Physical)Criminal Anthropology (Psychical)The Results of Criminal AnthropologyThe Treatment of the CriminalConclusionsAppendixIndex.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is a ground-breaking criticism of our criminal systems and of international criminal justice. One way of ensuring compliance with international criminal justice is to seek justice through pursuing the naked truth. Is it feasible to change this legal discipline? Is it possible for a society of human beings to function without any criminal legislation? We could also pose other crucial questions which concern our courts, legislative powers, and various governmental sanctions. What can we say about the world of animals? Do they also have legislative authorities who draft their international criminal law? What about enforcement measures, courts, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, and prisoners? Do they also kill millions of human beings through their political sanctions? Why do animals human not have any law, although human beings have produced vast amounts of case law? Are we more abhorrent than animals human? Are animals better educated and more morally competent than human beings? Given the answer to these questions, we use the term "human beings" in juxtaposition to the term "animals human" throughout this work. The volume puts forward its philosophy concerning the different attitudes of criminal theory and the doctrines which have strengthened the criminal discipline to favour the gross offenders known as the "authorities." Obtaining and reading this book is a must for the millions of prisoners, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, professors, researchers, philosophers, politicians, and students of law, criminal law, criminology, and political science, as well as military and police officers of all ranks, and academics.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Preface; Faculty of the Mill of Criminal Justice; Trading the Gates of Criminal Justice; Commodity of the Capstones of Criminal Justice; Merchants of Substantive Criminal Justice; The Impurity of Criminal Justice; The Criminality of Economic Sanctions; The Auction-Market of Criminal Justice; Criminal Policy against the Chambers of International Criminal Courts; The Cargo of International Criminal Jurisprudence; The Panel of the Cinema of Criminal Justice; Trading Religion in Criminal Justice; Criminal Wisdom of Animals Human Beyond Human Beings; Conclusion on the Missing Ingredient of Love in Criminal Justice; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn spite of international terrorism, mid-eastern turmoil and pre-election political posturing, crime in America continues to thrive. This new book examines some of the signal issues of law enforcement as well as related criminal justice issues. Emphasis is placed on violence, racial profiling, RICO and self-incrimination issues.

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Book SynopsisCriminal justice professionals and the media have noted the rise of juvenile crime rates nationwide and a growing surge in youth violence. This in turn has highlighted the debate over juvenile transfers to adult courts. Proponents of treating violent juvenile offenders as adults argue that juvenile offenders should be held accountable and receive punishment that is appropriate to the seriousness of their offences and that society must be protected by their removal from law abiding communities. They urge that young offenders must be held accountable for both lesser and more serious crimes, especially when the former offences, if unpunished, may lead offenders to commit the latter. Opponents of treating violent juveniles offenders as adults argue that harsh punishment of juvenile offenders is counterproductive, creating recidivism. Their contention is that youths who are committing crimes should still be tried in juvenile courts rather than adult courts, for a greater effect. This informative book presents all the current issues, problems, ideas, as well as some background on the controversies surrounding juvenile crime.

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Book SynopsisCrime data collected through the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), and the National Crime Victimisation Survey (NCVS) are used by Congress to inform policy decisions and allocate federal criminal justice funding to states. As such, it is important to understand how each program collects and reports crime data, and the limitations associated with the data. This book reviews (1) the history of the UCR, the NIBRS, and the NCVS; (2) the methods each program uses to collect crime data; and (3) the limitations of the data collected by each program. The book then compares the similarities and differences of UCR and NCVS data. It concludes by reviewing issues related to the NIBRS and the NCVS. The UCR represents the first effort to create a national, standardised measure of the incidence of crime. It was conceived as a way to measure the effectiveness of local law enforcement and to provide law enforcement with data that could be used to help fight crime. UCR data are now used extensively by researchers, government officials, and the media for research, policy, and planning purposes. The UCR also provides some of the most commonly cited crime statistics in the United States. The UCR reports offence and arrest data for 8 different Part I offences and arrest data for 21 different Part II offences. The NIBRS was developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to respond to the law enforcement community''s belief that the UCR needed to be updated to provide more in-depth data to meet the needs of law enforcement into the 21st century. The NIBRS collects data, including data on offence(s), offender(s), victim(s), arrestee(s), and any property involved in an offence, for 46 different Group A offences and 11 different Group B offences. Despite the more detailed crime data that the NIBRS can provide, nation-wide implementation of the program has been slow, for a variety of reasons, including cost considerations. The NCVS is the primary source of information on the characteristics of criminal victimisation, and on the number and types of crime not reported to law enforcement. The NCVS has four major objectives: (1) to develop detailed information about the victims and consequences of crime, (2) to estimate the number and types of crimes not reported to police, (3) to provide uniform measures of selected types of crimes, and (4) to permit comparisons over time and population type (e.g., urban, suburban, and rural). The NCVS asks respondents whether they have been the victim of rape and sexual assault, robbery, simple and aggravated assault, purse snatching/pick-pocketing, burglary, theft, or motor vehicle theft. In addition to collecting data on the number of victimisations, the NCVS gathers data on the details of each incident of victimisation.

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Book SynopsisCrime has moved yet another step forward in its unyielding progression through society. Now it is identity theft. Trying to combat both legal and illegal theft continues to occupy a large portion of the average citizen''s life. Identity theft or identity fraud generally involves "stealing" another person''s personal identifying information - such as Social Security number (SSN), date of birth, and mother''s maiden name - and then using the information to fraudulently establish credit, run up debt, or take over existing financial accounts. This book focuses on current breaches in the wall of privacy.

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Book SynopsisVirtually every crime gun in the United States starts off as a legal firearm, "according to then-Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) director Bradley Buckles. In a report, the ATF looked at how guns then "pass through the legitimate distribution system of federally licensed firearms dealers" before ending up in the hands of criminals. The ATF concluded, in part, that, "there is a large problem of diversion to the illegal market from licensed gun establishments". When a gun is recovered in a crime, the ATF can use the serial number on the gun to trace back to where it first left the legal market - tracing from the first sale of the firearm by an importer or manufacturer, to the wholesaler or retailer, to the first retail purchaser. In some cases, that first retail purchaser is the link between the legal and illegal markets. Looking at trace information, the ATF found that "a small group of dealers accounts for a disproportionately large number of crime gun traces". Over 85 percent of dealers in the U.S. had no crime guns traced to them at all in 1998, while about 1 percent of licensed firearm dealers accounted for 57 percent of traces that same year. The ATF also concluded that "sales volume alone cannot be said to account for the disproportionately large number of traces associated with those dealers". Gun control legislation is also analysed in this book.

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Book SynopsisA veteran police officer gives his thoughtful, balanced views on police shootings, racial profiling, community relations, and every other aspect of policing in Police Craft: What Cops Know About Crime, Community and Violence. Written by Adam Plantinga, the author of the acclaimed 400 Things Cops Know, Police Craft is a thought-provoking and revelatory examination of policing in America, as seen by a working police officer. Plantinga, a police officer for 17 years and a serving sergeant with the San Francisco Police Department, gives an inside view of the police officers job, from handling evidence and conducting interrogations to coping with danger, violence, and death. This book explores a wide range of topics related to police work, from the techniques of policing to the culture of the profession, the sociology of crime and criminals, and the psychological toll on police officers. Not hesitating to confront controversial issues, Plantinga presents a police officers views on police shootings, racial profiling, and relationships between police and the community -- and offers reasoned proposals on what the police and the public can do better. Hard-boiled, humorous, and compassionate, Plantinga wrestles with the complexities and contradictions of a job he loves in which he witnesses so much suffering. Transcending todays strident pro-cop/anti-cop rhetoric, Police Craft will give every reader a greater respect for the police and greater understanding of the job they do.

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Book SynopsisOur nation''s schools should be safe havens for teaching and learning, free of crime and violence. Any instance of crime or violence at school not only affects the individuals involved, but also may disrupt the educational process and affect bystanders, the school itself, and the surrounding community. Ensuring safer schools requires establishing good indicators of the current state of school crime and safety across the nation and regularly updating and monitoring these indicators. This book presents the most recent data available on school crime and student safety with information drawn from a variety of sources, including national surveys of students, teachers and principals.

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Book SynopsisWhite-collar crime is defined as the use of deception for illegal gain, normally involving breach of trust, and some concealment of the true nature of the activities. White-collar crime is also often defined as crime against property, involving the unlawful conversion of property belonging to another to one''s own personal use and benefit. Financial crime is profit-driven crime to gain access to and control over property that belonged to someone else. These individuals are wealthy, highly educated, socially connected, and typically employed by, and in legitimate organisations. This book presents information regarding white-collar crime, as well as indications of individual traits which categorise these types of criminals.

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Book SynopsisCrime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority can ultimately prescribe a conviction. Individual human societies may each define crime and crimes differently. Crime has been constant in the history of mankind and is a pervasive phenomenon affecting all societies. This book presents current research in the study of crime including such topics as the role of police deception in interrogation and juror''s perceptions of these techniques; the link between personal victimisation and fear of crime; police effectiveness and crime rates; and juvenile offenders tried in adult criminal court.

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Book SynopsisShooting incidents such as the one at Sandy Hook Elementary School in December 2012 and the one at Aurora, CO, movie theatre in July 2012 have focused attention on federal policy issues in the law enforcement, public health, and education arenas. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) has identified 78 public mass shootings that have occurred in the United States since 1983. These shootings have claimed almost 550 lives according to CRS estimates. Most gun owners buy their guns legally and use them safely, whether for self-defence, hunting, or sport shooting. Yet too often, irresponsible and dangerous individuals have been able to easily get their hands on firearms. Efforts must be strengthened to keep guns from falling into the wrong hands. This book focuses on mass shootings and gun violence in America with select implications they have for federal policy in the areas of public health and safety. While such crimes most directly impact particular citizens in very specific communities, addressing these violent episodes involves officials at all levels of government and professionals from numerous disciplines.

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Book SynopsisThe overall number of inmates in the Bureau of Prisons'' (BOP) three main types of segregated housing units, Special Housing Units (SHU), Special Management Units (SMU), and Administrative Maximum (ADX), increased at a faster rate than the general inmate population. Inmates may be placed in SHUs for administrative reasons, such as pending transfer to another prison, and for disciplinary reasons, such as violating prison rules; SMUs, a four-phased program in which inmates can progress from more to less restrictive conditions; or ADX, for inmates that require the highest level of security. From fiscal year 2008 to February 2013, the total inmate population in segregated housing units increased approximately 17 percent, from 10,659 to 12,460 inmates. By comparison, the total inmate population in BOP facilities increased by about 6 percent during this period. This book examines the trends in the BOP''s segregated housing population; the extent to which the BOP centrally monitors how prisons apply segregated housing policies; and the impact segregated housing has on institutionalised safety and inmates.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the issues of crime, aging and criminal justice and their relationship to pensions, prisons, offenders, and victimisation. The book is original in that it explores such key issues from the social domain of "aging". This book begins by exploring the relationship of crime, criminal justice and trust an essential context that is situated that can provide key conceptual insights into the key issues in crime and criminal justice. The book then moves to assess the main issues of crime. These are associated with understanding pensions, on the one hand, and imprisonment for older people, on the other hand. The book focuses its gaze upon older people as offenders and victims.

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Book SynopsisIn 200912, 68% of victims of serious violent crime -- rape or sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated assault -- reported experiencing socio-emotional problems as a result of their victimisation. Victims who experienced severe distress as a result of a violent victimisation were more likely to report the crime to police and receive victim services than victims with no distress or mild distress. This book discusses select reports from the Bureau of Justice Statistics on the measures of violent crimes including firearm violence, homicide, and nonfatal domestic violence. It also examines the socio-emotional impact violent crimes have on individuals.

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Book SynopsisIdentity theft tax refund fraud is a persistent, evolving threat to honest taxpayers and tax administration. It occurs when an identity thief files a fraudulent tax return using a legitimate taxpayer''s identifying information and claims a refund. This book examines what IRS knows about the extent of IDT refund fraud and additional actions IRS can take to combat IDT refund fraud using third-party information from, for example, employers and financial institutions. The book also assesses the quality of IRS''s IDT refund fraud cost estimates, and IRS''s progress in developing processes to enhance taxpayer authentication

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