Counselling and care of students Books

Book SynopsisEngage students in meaningful conversation and relevant activities to help with their prosocial development. This teacher and counsellor activity guide is designed to accompany I Lost My BFF book, which focuses on the evolution of friendships that happens over time, particularly with girls. This guide includes the text from the story, along with discussion questions and activities for each chapter!

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Book SynopsisThis workbook will help you find your voice, spread your wings, and regain a sense of purpose and direction. Inside are dozens of creative activities, from journaling and drawing to word searches and colouring. It''s a safe space where you can reflect on, search for, and define your own inner butterfly - allowing you to see just how special and strong you truly are! This workbook was designed to accompany Butterflies in Me. These self-pace activities will help children learn about themselves through self-reflection. Youth will learn to measure their own self-esteem through reflective questions and goal setting. Doing these activities will help children better understand all of the amazing talents and skills they have.

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Book SynopsisThis teacher and counsellor activity guide is designed to accompany the My Anxiety is Messing Things Up quick read chapter book. The guide includes text from the story, along with discussion questions and activities for each chapter.This guide helps engage students in meaningful conversation and relevant activities to help them deal with their anxiety.

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Book SynopsisAmong the many challenges confronting the liberal arts today is a fundamental disconnect between the curricula that many institutions offer and the training that many students need. Discipline-specific models of teaching and learning can underprepare students for the kinds of interdisciplinary collaboration that employers now expect. Although aware of these expectations and the need for change, many small colleges and universities have struggled to translate interdisciplinarity into programs and curricula that better serve today’s students. Written by faculty engaged in the design and delivery of interdisciplinary courses, programs, and experiential learning opportunities in the small college setting, The Synergistic Classroom addresses the many ways faculty can leverage their institutions' small size and openness to pedagogical experimentation to overcome the challenges of limited institutional resources and enrollment concerns and better prepare students for life and work in the twenty-first century. Taken together, the contributions in this volume invite reflection on a variety of important issues that attend the work of small college faculty committed to expanding student learning across disciplinary boundaries.Trade Review"Unique and excellently written, The Synergistic Classroom illuminates honest yet hopeful realities about the overlooked system of interdisciplinary teaching in educational institutions. This comprehensive volume provides successful methods of teaching that can easily be implemented to enhance interdisciplinary courses." -- Vicki L. Baker * author of Charting Your Path to Full: A Guide for Women Associate Professors *"The Synergistic Classroom provides concrete examples of how to create interdisciplinary experiences that engage students in the curriculum, foster critical thinking, and support team work. This is a great exploration of the heart of professorship—to facilitate learning." -- Amy Rottmann * Lenoir-Rhyne University *Table of ContentsContents Introduction: Building Bridges in a Land of Colleges Corey Campion Part I: Teaching Across the Disciplines Chapter 1: The Anxiety of Interdisciplinary Teaching Aaron Angello Chapter 2: Challenging the Discipline: First-Year Seminars and the Benefits of an Interdisciplinary Model Paul D. Reich Chapter 3: More Than Just Another Core Class: The Interdisciplinary Composition Course Patricia Marchesi Chapter 4: Breaking Boundaries: Reflections on an Interdisciplinary Course on Race and Graphic Narrative Patrick L. Hamilton and Allan W. Austin Chapter 5: Interdisciplinary Interactivity: Team-Teaching App Design at a Small College Christine Dehne and Jonathan Munson Chapter 6: Honeybees and the Transdisciplinary Classroom: Bridging the Gaps between History, Environmental Science and Global Studies Corey Campion and April Boulton Part II: Programming Across the Disciplines Chapter 7: Learning, Leading, and Succeeding: Collaborative Culture and Experiential Interdisciplinary Studies at Nichols College Erika Cornelius Smith and Maryann Conrad Chapter 8: Why Can’t It Be Both?: Supporting Students Across the Spectrum of Abilities and Ambitions Julia Klimek Chapter 9: From Chemistry to History to Psychology: Creating a Multidisciplinary Minor in Investigative Forensics Christine D. Myers and Audra L. Goach Chapter 10: Creating a ‘Space of Appearance’ through the Rollins College Foundations in Liberal Arts (rFLA) Program Hilary Cooperman Chapter 11: Flipping the Humanities Back into Mathematics Winston Ou Chapter 12: Arts in the Laboratory: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Honors Education in a Small College Setting Lana A. Whited and Sharon E. Stein Part III: Exploring Across the Disciplines Chapter 13: Science and Cultural Competence: Incorporating Hispanic Migrants’ Knowledge and Experience in the Spanish Curriculum Martha Bárcenas-Mooradian Chapter 14: Authenticity and Empathy in Education: Team-Teaching “The Voices Project: Mental Health” Amanda M. Caleb and Alicia H. Nordstrom Chapter 15: Experiential Learning in the Rural, Small College Setting: Creating an “Appalachian Cluster” Tina L. Hanlon, Peter Crow, Susan V. Mead, Carolyn L. Thomas, and Delia R. Heck Chapter 16: “Hold my Piña Colada: Operational and Ethical Considerations for Interdisciplinary Experiential Learning Study Abroad” Paola Prado and Autumn Quezada-Grant Notes on Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisAmong the many challenges confronting the liberal arts today is a fundamental disconnect between the curricula that many institutions offer and the training that many students need. Discipline-specific models of teaching and learning can underprepare students for the kinds of interdisciplinary collaboration that employers now expect. Although aware of these expectations and the need for change, many small colleges and universities have struggled to translate interdisciplinarity into programs and curricula that better serve today’s students. Written by faculty engaged in the design and delivery of interdisciplinary courses, programs, and experiential learning opportunities in the small college setting, The Synergistic Classroom addresses the many ways faculty can leverage their institutions' small size and openness to pedagogical experimentation to overcome the challenges of limited institutional resources and enrollment concerns and better prepare students for life and work in the twenty-first century. Taken together, the contributions in this volume invite reflection on a variety of important issues that attend the work of small college faculty committed to expanding student learning across disciplinary boundaries.Trade Review"Unique and excellently written, The Synergistic Classroom illuminates honest yet hopeful realities about the overlooked system of interdisciplinary teaching in educational institutions. This comprehensive volume provides successful methods of teaching that can easily be implemented to enhance interdisciplinary courses." -- Vicki L. Baker * author of Charting Your Path to Full: A Guide for Women Associate Professors *"The Synergistic Classroom provides concrete examples of how to create interdisciplinary experiences that engage students in the curriculum, foster critical thinking, and support team work. This is a great exploration of the heart of professorship—to facilitate learning." -- Amy Rottmann * Lenoir-Rhyne University *"Unique and excellently written, The Synergistic Classroom illuminates honest yet hopeful realities about the overlooked system of interdisciplinary teaching in educational institutions. This comprehensive volume provides successful methods of teaching that can easily be implemented to enhance interdisciplinary courses." -- Vicki L. Baker * author of Charting Your Path to Full: A Guide for Women Associate Professors *"The Synergistic Classroom provides concrete examples of how to create interdisciplinary experiences that engage students in the curriculum, foster critical thinking, and support team work. This is a great exploration of the heart of professorship—to facilitate learning." -- Amy Rottmann * Lenoir-Rhyne University *Table of ContentsContents Introduction: Building Bridges in a Land of Colleges Corey Campion Part I: Teaching Across the Disciplines Chapter 1: The Anxiety of Interdisciplinary Teaching Aaron Angello Chapter 2: Challenging the Discipline: First-Year Seminars and the Benefits of an Interdisciplinary Model Paul D. Reich Chapter 3: More Than Just Another Core Class: The Interdisciplinary Composition Course Patricia Marchesi Chapter 4: Breaking Boundaries: Reflections on an Interdisciplinary Course on Race and Graphic Narrative Patrick L. Hamilton and Allan W. Austin Chapter 5: Interdisciplinary Interactivity: Team-Teaching App Design at a Small College Christine Dehne and Jonathan Munson Chapter 6: Honeybees and the Transdisciplinary Classroom: Bridging the Gaps between History, Environmental Science and Global Studies Corey Campion and April Boulton Part II: Programming Across the Disciplines Chapter 7: Learning, Leading, and Succeeding: Collaborative Culture and Experiential Interdisciplinary Studies at Nichols College Erika Cornelius Smith and Maryann Conrad Chapter 8: Why Can’t It Be Both?: Supporting Students Across the Spectrum of Abilities and Ambitions Julia Klimek Chapter 9: From Chemistry to History to Psychology: Creating a Multidisciplinary Minor in Investigative Forensics Christine D. Myers and Audra L. Goach Chapter 10: Creating a ‘Space of Appearance’ through the Rollins College Foundations in Liberal Arts (rFLA) Program Hilary Cooperman Chapter 11: Flipping the Humanities Back into Mathematics Winston Ou Chapter 12: Arts in the Laboratory: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Honors Education in a Small College Setting Lana A. Whited and Sharon E. Stein Part III: Exploring Across the Disciplines Chapter 13: Science and Cultural Competence: Incorporating Hispanic Migrants’ Knowledge and Experience in the Spanish Curriculum Martha Bárcenas-Mooradian Chapter 14: Authenticity and Empathy in Education: Team-Teaching “The Voices Project: Mental Health” Amanda M. Caleb and Alicia H. Nordstrom Chapter 15: Experiential Learning in the Rural, Small College Setting: Creating an “Appalachian Cluster” Tina L. Hanlon, Peter Crow, Susan V. Mead, Carolyn L. Thomas, and Delia R. Heck Chapter 16: “Hold my Piña Colada: Operational and Ethical Considerations for Interdisciplinary Experiential Learning Study Abroad” Paola Prado and Autumn Quezada-Grant Notes on Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThis book tackles the important question of how we can understand and learn from the school rampage killings that have been prevented. In the flood of recent accounts and analyses of deadly school rampage killings that plague society and inspire widespread public fear, very little attention has been given to the incidents that almost were. Building on Madfis’ previous book, The Risk of School Rampage: Assessing and Preventing Threats of School Violence (2014), this vital work addresses key gaps in school violence scholarship through the examination of averted school rampage incidents in the United States and advances existing knowledge through ground-breaking insights from the latest research on mass murder, violence prevention, bystander intervention, disciplinary policy, and threat assessment in school contexts. This empirical study utilizes in-depth interviews conducted with school and police officials (administrators, counselors, security guards, police officers, and teachers) directly involved in averting potential school rampages to explore the processes by which threats are assessed and school rampage plots are thwarted. Madfis finds that many common contemporary school violence prevention policies and practices are ineffective at preventing rampage attacks and may actually increase the likelihood of their occurrence. Rather than uncritically adopting such problematic approaches, Madfis argues that schools must model prevention practices upon what has proven successful in averting potentially deadly incidents. Trade Review“In addition to making an important contribution to the scholarly literature on the topic, the inclusion of discussion questions … as well as a methodological appendix, makes this book a useful resource for students at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. … How to Stop School Rampage Killing: Lessons from Averted Mass Shootings and Bombings is a timely and valuable piece of scholarship … it acts as a springboard for future research in this area.” (Erica Bower, Critical Criminology, Vol. 29, 2021)Table of ContentsDEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………..…………FOREWORD by Jack Levin ………………………………………………….……..FOREWORD by Kristina Anderson ………………………………………………....AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION……………………. CHAPTERSI. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………...….….….. Research Questions and Background on Incidents……………………Explaining and Reacting to School Rampage….………...…...……….Understanding School Criminalization and Risk Assessment............... II. ASSESSING SCHOOL RAMPAGE ………………………………….…. Distinguishing Terms and Risks……………….……………...………The Assessment of Evidence in Averted Rampage…………………...Assessing the Plot’s Detail…………………………………………….Appraising the Role of Weaponry……………………………………..Assessing the Role of Personal and Group Characteristics……………Conclusion……………………………………………………………..III. CONFIDENCE AND DOUBTS ABOUT ASSESSING RAMPAGE…… Certainty Based on a Convergence of Risk Assessment Criteria……...Certainty Based on a Lack of Threat Assessment Criteria…………….Certainty Based on a Presence of Threat Assessment Criteria………...Remaining Uncertainty despite Risk Assessment……………………..Conclusion……………………………………………………………..IV. PREVENTING SCHOOL RAMPAGE ……………………...………….. Problematic Rampage Prevention Practices………………………….. A Diminished Student Code of Silence…………………………..……Interventions through Leakage………………………………………...The Persistence of Bystander Inaction…………………………….......Implications of Findings………………………………………………Conclusion……………………………………………………………. V. CONCLUSION …………………………………………….……………..Summary and Implications of Findings…………………………...….Emergent Areas to Prevent and Stop School Rampage Killing……….Suggested Areas for Future Research……………………………….... VI. METHODOLOGICAL APPENDIX…………...……………………….. Operationalizing School Rampage………………………………........ Research Design and Sample……………………………………...…. Complications of Media-Based Sampling Frame………………......… On Qualitative Methodology……………………………………...….. Generalizability in Qualitative Research……………………………...REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………….INDEX…………………………………………………………………………………

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Book SynopsisThis book delves deep into the hidden population of former gang members who share their positive and negative experiences of being gang members. Their stories of violence, hopelessness, despair, and loneliness also offer a seed of hope – they contain the building blocks for prevention. By understanding why they each turned to gangs, how they turned to gangs, and what went wrong for some along their pathways during childhood, as well as how and why they chose to leave the gang lifestyle, we can begin to put the pieces together and understand tools for gang prevention. Schools are in the unique position to become an oasis or a safe haven for a child in a world that does not otherwise feel safe to them. School staff members can step in and become consistent people in a child’s life. They can help to identify at-risk youth and intervene, facilitating a change in path away from gang membership. This book discusses how schools and staff can be instrumental in gang prevention and outlines warning signs and risk and protective factors for gang involvement. It also talks about components of gang prevention programs in schools. Additional topics explored include: Theories of Gang Involvement Lack of Family Consistency: Relating Attachment Theory with Gang Involvement “Brotherhood, Sisterhood, Unity:" Gangs as Replacement Family "No Other Option:" The Role of Social Environment "Death, Jail, or a Turnaround:" Making the Decision to Disengage A Piece About Trauma-Informed Practice Authored by a school social worker who has an insider's perspective on working in a school, Gang Prevention in Schools is a useful resource that gives a humanistic view of former gang members. The book will engage readers in the fields of psychology, social work, education and educational administration, and criminal justice, as well as have potential appeal to a lay audience due to the richness of the stories and interviews. Table of ContentsChapter 1: Theories of Gang InvolvementThis section includes discussion of current understandings and theory relating to the presence, development, and growth of gangs. Interactional theory suggests that gang membership arises from negative peer relationships, poor social structural environments, weak relationships, and an environment that is supportive of crime (Alleyne & Wood, 2014). Social control theory says that adolescents join gangs because they do not have positive relationships and do not have access to normal social norms (Dickson-Gomez et al, 2017). If one does not have good relationships with positive peers and positive role models, he may feel as if a gang is the only viable option. Multiple marginalization is defined as a lack of employment opportunities, poor living conditions, poverty, and family and community stress (Dickson-Gomez et al, 2017). This means that there are many factors causing stress, making it appear as if there is no good way out. A gang might seem like a way to get out of a bleak home situation. Social disorganization theory states that a community structure fails to see the value in its residents and does not keep social control (Sampson and Groves, 1989). A community cannot feel connected or have social control when there are higher crime rates and juvenile delinquency such as in disadvantaged neighborhoods (Santiago et al., 2011; Sampson and Groves, 1989).Chapter 2: Attachment TheoryAttachment theory has the utility to add to the existing knowledge base about gang membership. Children’s relationships with their primary caregivers are the foundation for their future relationships (Bowlby, 1998; Parrigon, et al., 2015). A secure attachment forms if the primary caregiver is consistently providing a safe secure base for the child from which he can explore the environment and return for comfort and support (Bowlby, 1998). An insecure attachment is formed when the caregiver is not consistent with care or is neglectful (Bowlby, 1988).Attachment theory posits that the earliest human interactions shape our survival functions (Schore & Schore, 2012). Early interactions between primary caregiver (attachment figure) and infant influence the brain systems’ maturation and organization, which causes affect and self-regulation (Schore & Schore, 2012; Hill, 2015). Affect is how one’s emotion is communicated through facial expressions, body movements, and tone of voice (Hill, 2015). During infancy, it is the primary caregiver’s job to regulate the child during states of hyper- or hypo arousal (Hill, 2015). Early attachment communications are crucial to neurobiological systems in the right brain, which is where stress regulation, emotional processing, and regulation of self are all found (Schore & Schore, 2012). The primary attachment figure, in being that secure attachment figure and responding appropriately to an infant’s needs, can soothe and regulate his internal system, thereby teaching emotional regulation at an early age. Trauma can influence brain development. If one has an insecure attachment, it can affect the person in a lifelong way. Kim and Page (2013) found that insecurely attached children develop behavioral problems more frequently, especially in a school setting, as opposed to securely attached children. Konishi and Hymel (2014) found that adolescents have a difficult time handing anger, which can lead to mental health and physical problems, including bullying, gang involvement, substance abuse, dating violence, low academic performance, and peer rejection. Insecurely attached children may turn to gangs as a way of coping with the lack of having a consistent attachment figure (De Vito, 2017). They may have been looking for a secure base in the gang membership, so they would have a replacement family, searching for that stability (De Vito, 2017).The attachment relationship between social worker and client is of critical importance. Schore & Schore (2012) discuss how attachment theory is a theory of regulation and developing an attachment to a therapist can assist in internal affect regulation. The therapist takes on that attachment role and can help the client regulate emotions internally, by becoming that secure base. This relationship can repair damage done previously and can help create a new way of coping (Schore & Schore, 2012). A client can develop a resilient self through a secure attachment that can then have meaningful relationships (Schore & Schore, 2012). Since gang members are seeking attachment figures that were not present in childhood, as youth develop meaningful relationships with therapists or school counselors, that counselor can take on a role of an attachment figure, thus repairing that damage and possibly intervening in the way of gang prevention. De Vito (2019) was a qualitative research study that promoted the use of attachment theory to analyze motivating/disengagement factors for gang involvement. The voices of fourteen former gang members are heard through qualitative interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify the following themes: Lack of Family Consistency, Brotherhood, Sisterhood, Unity: Gang as Replacement Family, “No other Option,” and “Jail, Death, or Turnaround:” Making the Decision to Disengage. In this chapter, there is an emphasis on attachment theory driving gang membership, which is a key finding of my qualitative research. There is a discussion of how and why attachment theory is key in our understanding of gang members’ behavior, and the importance of a safe educational setting in preventing or responding to gang issues.Chapter 3: Gangs as FamilyGangs function because of internal group processes much like a military organization or corporation. There are leaders and a hierarchy of command with people having their own duties and responsibilities. Gangs can be seen as a family for youth. They can be an extension of their family or in some cases actually take the place of the family. Gangs have been said to function like family systems. Some similarities include feeling protected, receiving affection, and having a sense of belonging and loyalty (Ruble and Turner, 2000). If there is a lack of attachment figure in the family, then youth will look outside the family of origin to find a replacement attachment figure. Youth look up to their parents as role models for support, so having no suitable family role model would be a major risk factor (Alleyne and Wood, 2014; Walters, 2016). Lack of strong family attachment can increase interest in crime, since youth will likely not care about parents’ opinions, discipline, or school performance, leaving them open to gangs, crime, and poor peer influences (McNulty and Bellair, 2003). The gangs become a “surrogate family,” filling the void of the family of origin (Ruble and Turner, 2000). If there is no positive role model in the family, another person can become a role model outside of the family. Another attachment figure can step in to fill a void (Ainsworth, 1989).Chapter 4: Former Gang Members Speak: Themes/Findings from Qualitative Study (why do they join?)ResultsThe following four themes were identified: Lack of Family Consistency, Brotherhood, Sisterhood, Unity: Gang as Replacement Family, “No other Choice,” and “Jail, Death, or a Turnaround:” Making the Decision to Disengage. Participants’ verbatim quotes were included to highlight each theme. No identifying information was included and pseudonyms were used to protect participant identities.Lack of Family Consistency All participants described having a lack of secure, consistent primary care givers/attachment figures during childhood for various reasons, including death, divorce, substance abuse, and being absent. Other participants experienced a childhood where primary caregivers were not able to offer that consistent, caring relationship.Not having reliable, dependable primary caregivers can cause a hopeless state and a feeling of being alone. Because of the lack of consistency with primary caregivers, some participants looked outside the family for sources of consistency, such as peers and gangs. If family members are already gang members, they can be bred into gang membership. Brotherhood, Sisterhood, Unity: Gang as Replacement FamilyMost of the participants said gang members became family. There was a bond and a unity. They were willing to offer protection, unity, and love to one another. Gangs may be a form of brotherhood or sisterhood, but it comes with a hefty price, violence. In many cases, the gang took the place of their family of origin, which was broken in some way. They were fleeing something negative, looking for an escape. Some of the participants were searching for something to fill a void at home, such as love, respect, validation, affection, and attention. Those who join gangs can be missing something within themselves and are seeking it elsewhere. However, there were a few participants who felt as though the gang did not replace their family entirely, but rather were an extension of their family. They still considered the gang members part of their extended family. Also, there was one negative case. “No other Option”Participants said gang members are bred as a product of growing up in their environment. Gangs are often their friends, family members, and in their neighborhood. They describe joining as having “no other option” and “accepting their fate” or “destiny.” Gang members may feel as though joining was a normal, natural progression in life, based on the environment where they grew up. Growing up in a poor neighborhood, the gang lifestyle can seem like a way out to a better life. The gang members become role models. Gang membership can be a way of life. There can be an expectation for membership within families and peer groups. Police may label and assume gang membership based on the neighborhood. Some participants felt as if their environment led them to join a gang. A large gang presence in the neighborhood can be persuasive. “Death, Jail, or Turnaround:” Making the Decision to Disengage Participants talked about how they realized that they could not stay engaged in gang activity forever and decided to disengage because there was no positive outcome or future in gang membership. Gang membership comes with the risk of violence, death, physical injury, or incarceration. If one had difficulty with primary caregivers, it can be another blow to have a new family turn away. Some participants felt betrayed by their fellow gang members. They realized that they were not trustworthy, turning their backs on them. Chapter 5: How and Why Do They Leave? Gang members leave gangs usually because of a combination of push and pull factors. Push factors are negative things that push one away from gang involvement, such as getting tired of the gang lifestyle, being a victim of violence, witnessing violence, aging, and gang disillusionment (Berger et al., 2016; O’Brien et al., 2013; Pyrooz et al., 2011). Disillusionment occurs when gang members feel betrayed by fellow members (Berger et al., 2011). The pull factors are positive things that pull one away from the gang lifestyle, such as stable employment and relationships, religious beliefs, moving away, and aging and maturing, which would promote marriage, having children, and family responsibilities (O’Brien et al., 2013; Pyrooz and Decker, 2011; Berger et al., 2013). As one ages and matures, having stable employment, children, and being in a stable relationship become important. These things are not priorities for youth. Gang members leave gangs by moving out of the neighborhood, severing ties with gang associates: Leaving a gang can involve moving out of the neighborhood, severing ties with gang associates, or slowly distancing oneself, becoming involved in separate activities (Pyrooz and Decker, 2011).Chapter 6: Prevention This chapter extends the findings and understandings of the role of attachment theory and the ways in which schools might use this understanding to inform prevention and support. This extends current scholarship, understanding, and practice. It talks about identifying risk factors for gang involvement, broken down into three areas, family, school, and social environment. It also outlines protective factors. In addition, it talks about warning signs and how to identify gang involvement in schools. The final section talks about how schools can be a safe haven, how staff can intervene and become attachment figures, and components of prevention programs. It also talks about my own clinical experience in working with youth involved in gangs as well as features interviews with gang experts and school staff.The following came from the results of the qualitative interviews: Having a secure base within the family home with strong attachment to parents or caregivers could have prevented gang members from joining. Having a consistent home life with parents who are at home and there to supervise are protective factors. Having different ways of making money or seeing there are opportunities outside of their neighborhood that do not involve gang life. If there is a missing attachment figure in the home, another person could step into that role, such as a school staff member, counselor, or another family member. Getting counseling when there are risk factors can be a protective factor. Almost none of the study participants had counseling. Identifying Risk Factors Some risk factors are related to family. If there are cracks in the family foundation, including lack of parental supervision, involvement, and discipline, low family income, or gang-involved family members, gang membership chances increase (Alleyne and Wood, 2014). Other risk factors include experiencing childhood maltreatment or having a family history of criminal activity (Del Carmen et al., 2009). Risk factors are also related to school, including learning disabilities, mental health concerns, or weak school attachment or investment to school. These factors can lead students to not care about school, which leads to poor school performance, which is related to gang involvement (Alleyne and Wood, 2014; Del Carmen et al., 2009; Gover, 2002; McNulty and Bellair, 2003; O’Brien et al., 2013). The social environment can also play a role as a risk factor. Residing in a neighborhood with a gang presence could increase chances of gang involvement (Alleyne and Wood, 2014; Del Carmen, et al., 2009; O’Brien et al., 2013). Gang presence can influence youth, especially if friends have joined. Wanting protection, friendship, and a sense of belonging are pull factors for gang involvement (O’Brien et al., 2013). Having friends engaged in criminal activity or gangs, living in disadvantaged communities, and desiring ways to earn money are all related to gang involvement (Alleyne and Wood, 2014; O’Brien et al., 2013). Poverty is a significant life stressor. If one lives in a poor are, there will be fewer resources and a higher crime rate (Santiago et al., 2011).Identifying Protective Factors Having a high level of parental supervision and strong family attachment (McNulty & Bellair, 2003; O’Brien, Daffern, Chu & Thomas, 2013; Gover, 2002; Walters, 2016), having both parental and nonparental role models, (Higgins, Wesley & Mahoney, 2010; McNulty & Bellair, 2003; Walters, 2016), and positive relationships with the same sex parent (Walters, 2016) are all protective factors. Protective factors include a high investment and attachment to school and staff, teaching youth coping and social skills (Gover, 2002; McNulty & Bellair, 2003; O’Brien et al, 2013; Walters, 2016). Positive peer influences, (Gover, 2002; McNulty & Bellair, 2003; O’Brien et al, 2013; Walters, 2016) and community attachment and involvement (Higgins et al, 2010; McNulty & Bellair, 2003; Walters, 2016) are all protective factors. Identifying Warning SignsThere are many warning signs including: colors, clothing/accessories, graffiti, tattoos, change in behavior, new friends, weapons, drug usage, money, social media, music and movies, safety worry, fighting/injuries. All of these will be explored in depth. Building a Safe Haven Providing a safe environment without fear is the most important thing that schools can do to prevent gang involvement (Gottfredson, 2013). Many principals do not admit there are gang problems in their schools (Gottfredson, 2013). Therefore, this may get in the way of prevention programs being in place. Gang problems are more likely to occur in areas that have poverty and experience social disorganization (Gottfredson, 2013). Unemployment rates are usually high and families have fallen on hard economic times with many children living with single mothers (Gottfredson, 2013). Gangs can be like a social problem, where youth may feel that they need to participate to keep them safe from harm (Gottfredson, 2013). Prevention programs in schools should address things such as impulse control, lack of attachment to school, and rules (Gottfredson, 2013). Helping youth to resist peer pressure and rewarding involvement in school are also key (Gottfredson, 2013). Strategies for Youth: Connecting Cops & Kids (2019) reported that 71% of public schools have school resource officers (SROS). The federal and state governments spent about $2 billion to place these armed law enforcement officers into school buildings. There has not been evidence that says that these SROs are helpful in decreasing tragedies, but they do increase students getting arrested for small crimes and students of color and those with disabilities are treated more harshly than others. There also needs to be regulation so that SROs are not pushing children into the juvenile justice system needlessly. Therefore there has been a recent push to have SROs receive training in half the states. Staff become attachment figures/building a secure base within the school. This is a suggestion coming from my qualitative research. If there is a missing attachment figure at home, staff members, especially school counselors, can step in and help to become those missing attachment figures. The school building can become a safe haven in a world that does not feel safe for these students. A high investment in school is a protective factor against gang involvement (McNulty & Bellair, 2003; O'Brien et al, 2013; Walters, 2016). Create positive peer interactions for youth. Students can join activities during and after school like sports and clubs to keep them involved with a higher attachment to school and off the streets. Having positive role models for youth is a key protective factor in dissuading gang involvement (Higgins et al, 2010; McNulty & Bellair, 2003; Walters, 2016). Schools have an opportunity to set up positive role models for at-risk students, such as positive peers, staff members, or a mentoring program, such as Big Brothers Big Sisters. Gang prevention should be tailored to each school. It is important to assess the school's needs first before deciding on individual needs (Gottfredson, 2013). It is important to provide education to staff, parents, and students on the danger and signs of gangs. School staff should forge relationships with parents and caregivers, getting them involved. Close parental supervision and having consistent and involved family are protective factors against gang involvement (McNulty & Bellair, 2003; O'Brien et al, 2013; Walters, 2016). Get counselors involved. They can assess for risk and either provide mental health counseling or refer to outside counseling resources. Research shows that programs with a cognitive behavioral component are most effective at reducing problem behaviors (Gottfredson, 2013). Create a strong antibullying and harassment program in school. Staff members need to be able to recognize risk factors, signs of gangs, and address and eliminate problem behaviors by enforcing rules and consequences consistently (Gottfredson, 2013). It is important that youth see law enforcement in a positive light and form positive relationships early on in their early elementary school years. Schools and law enforcement should also collaborate and share information, such as local gang trends and activity. Attachment and involvement to community can assist in preventing gang involvement (Higgins et al, 2010; McNulty & Bellair, 2003; Walters, 2016). Form a collaboration with community agencies and faith-based programs, like churches, to create a strong sense of belonging in the community. Teaching youth coping and social skills can aid in gang prevention (McNulty & Bellair, 2003; O'Brien et al, 2013; Walters, 2016). Teaching anger management, conflict resolution, emotional awareness, social skills, and how to say no to peer pressure are all important prevention skills.Trauma-Informed PracticeHarden, Kenemore, Mann, Edwards, List, and Martinson (2014) describes how trauma-informed practice tries to understand the impact of violence exposure on survivors of trauma. There are programs that train therapists strategies and interventions with violence survivors and help them understand how they are impacted by traumatic events (Harden et al, 2014). National Childhood Traumatic Stress Network has a wealth of research and practice for childhood trauma (Harden et al, 2014). This section delves further into this topic. School Prevention ProgramsThere are many gang prevention programs being utilized in schools today. The GREAT Program is an evidence-based gang and violence prevention program that is set in schools and run by law enforcement officers. It is run in schools where police officers come in and teach a curriculum to groups of students in a school. Components of the program include: respecting and having empathy for others, making good choices, and positive goal setting. The program utilizes skills training, group discussions, cooperative learning, and using role plays. The goal is to prevent gang membership, criminal activity, and helping students to form a positive relationship with law enforcement. Some other programs include: Safe Futures, OJJDP Comprehensive Model, Chicago Model, and GRYD in LA. These are detailed in this chapter.

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Book SynopsisStudy Trouble; Difficulty Learning and Retaining Things? Consider this for a moment: In all your schooling, did anyone ever teach you how to study something? Today, people are graduating school unable to read or write at a level adequate to hold a job or deal with life. It is a huge problem. It is not that subjects cannot be learned; what isn't taught is how to learn. It is the missing step in all education. L. Ron Hubbard filled this gaping hole by supplying the first and only technology of how to study. He discovered the laws on which learning is based and developed workable methods for anyone to apply. He called this subject "Study Technology." This technology provides an understanding of the basics of learning and supplies exact ways to overcome all the pitfalls one can encounter during study. Study Technology is not speed reading or memory tricks. These have not been proven to raise one's ability to comprehend what was studied or to raise literacy. Study Technology shows how one studies in order to comprehend a subject so one can apply it. Contained herein is only a small portion of the entire body of Study Technology developed by Mr. Hubbard. Regardless, this brief overview contains fundamentals which you can use to study more effectively. With this technology, any subject can be learned by anyone.

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Book SynopsisEste marco pretende apoyar el aprendizaje mutuo para la adaptación y expansión de modelos exitosos de alimentación escolar con productos locales (AEPL). Los principales objetivos son aclarar los conceptos, el alcance y los objetivos de los programas de alimentación escolar con productos locales; armonizar los materiales existentes; y proporcionar una referencia técnica a los gobiernos para apoyar el diseño, la implementación y la ampliación de programas de alimentación escolar con productos locales eficaces, eficientes y sostenibles. Se han probado y aplicado con éxito varios enfoques innovadores de AEPL en diversos contextos nacionales en diferentes etapas del ciclo de programación y ejecución. Sin embargo, muchos programas de AEPL se han enfrentado a barreras financieras, institucionales y tecnológicas que han limitado su reproducción. Por lo tanto, es necesario un enfoque proactivo de la innovación y el aprendizaje para adaptar y ampliar los programas exitosos existentes.En el contexto de los esfuerzos colectivos para lograr la Agenda 2030 –incluyendo el desarrollo del capital humano para promover un crecimiento económico sostenible e inclusivo y ofrecer resultados tangibles en la educación y el desarrollo de la infancia, así como la cobertura sanitaria universal– los programas de AEPL pueden contribuir de manera significativa a la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en materia de agricultura, seguridad alimentaria, nutrición, educación y salud.

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Book SynopsisThe Black Student's Pathway to Graduate Study and Beyond: The Making of a Scholar is an informative and ambitious book designed to help Black prospective and current graduate students pursue graduate degrees successfully. The book covers broad topics ranging from admissions policies, standardized tests, networking, mentorship, financial options, qualifying and comprehensive exams, proposal and dissertation writing, publishing, gender and race, socialization, and campus culture.This volume is organized into five graduate pathways: Pathway I: Embarking on the Graduate Admissions Process; Pathway II: Confronting Race and Gender Disparities in Graduate Education; Pathway III: Persevering to the Graduate Degree; Pathway IV: Adjusting to the Socialization of Graduate Education; and Pathway V: Preparing for Success Beyond Graduate Education. The book calls Black students' attention to some of the barriers they may encounter along the pathway to a graduate degree. The pathway to success can be linear or nonlinear since students travel different journeys and are at different vectors on the continuum.The primary audience for this book consists of Black prospective and current graduate students, graduate deans, admissions counselors, recruiters, and faculty advisors in both black and white higher education institutions. The secondary audience includes high school students, guidance counselors, and social and religious organizations. Furthermore, this book can serve as a handy resource for undergraduates who are interested in pursuing a graduate degree.Trade ReviewThis book will be helpful not only for students seeking a meaningful experience in graduate and professional school, but perhaps more importantly, institutions that desire to create productive pathways for Black students to the advanced-degree workplace. The chapters unpack important lived experiences that should be carefully considered."" — Jerlando F. L. Jackson, University of Wisconsin-Madison""The Black Student's Pathway to Graduate Study and Beyond: The Making of a Scholar makes key contributions to the extant literature. By underscoring Black graduate students' engagements with Academe, the scholars provide nuanced perspective through an array of contextual lenses (e. g. admissions; race and gender; socialization; transition) that are endemic to higher education in general, and the Historically Black College and University (HBCU) setting in particular. Critical Race Theory is the theoretical framework that provides scaffolding upon which the volume's scholars theorize best practices, strategies, and solutions that are authentic representations of their experiences. The pathway is an appropriate metaphor for this book—the scholars have provided illumination; it is incumbent upon us to initiate the journey."" — Fred A. Bonner II, Prairie View A&M University

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Book SynopsisThe Black Student's Pathway to Graduate Study and Beyond: The Making of a Scholar is an informative and ambitious book designed to help Black prospective and current graduate students pursue graduate degrees successfully. The book covers broad topics ranging from admissions policies, standardized tests, networking, mentorship, financial options, qualifying and comprehensive exams, proposal and dissertation writing, publishing, gender and race, socialization, and campus culture.This volume is organized into five graduate pathways: Pathway I: Embarking on the Graduate Admissions Process; Pathway II: Confronting Race and Gender Disparities in Graduate Education; Pathway III: Persevering to the Graduate Degree; Pathway IV: Adjusting to the Socialization of Graduate Education; and Pathway V: Preparing for Success Beyond Graduate Education. The book calls Black students' attention to some of the barriers they may encounter along the pathway to a graduate degree. The pathway to success can be linear or nonlinear since students travel different journeys and are at different vectors on the continuum.The primary audience for this book consists of Black prospective and current graduate students, graduate deans, admissions counselors, recruiters, and faculty advisors in both black and white higher education institutions. The secondary audience includes high school students, guidance counselors, and social and religious organizations. Furthermore, this book can serve as a handy resource for undergraduates who are interested in pursuing a graduate degree.Trade ReviewThis book will be helpful not only for students seeking a meaningful experience in graduate and professional school, but perhaps more importantly, institutions that desire to create productive pathways for Black students to the advanced-degree workplace. The chapters unpack important lived experiences that should be carefully considered."" — Jerlando F. L. Jackson, University of Wisconsin-Madison""The Black Student's Pathway to Graduate Study and Beyond: The Making of a Scholar makes key contributions to the extant literature. By underscoring Black graduate students' engagements with Academe, the scholars provide nuanced perspective through an array of contextual lenses (e. g. admissions; race and gender; socialization; transition) that are endemic to higher education in general, and the Historically Black College and University (HBCU) setting in particular. Critical Race Theory is the theoretical framework that provides scaffolding upon which the volume's scholars theorize best practices, strategies, and solutions that are authentic representations of their experiences. The pathway is an appropriate metaphor for this book—the scholars have provided illumination; it is incumbent upon us to initiate the journey."" — Fred A. Bonner II, Prairie View A&M University

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Book SynopsisCurrent research around the middle grades has brought a heightened attention by teachers, policymakers, and researchers recognizing that this stage is a time when a students' health and social and emotional well-being directly impacts their academic progress. To date, school leaders and teachers have not been well served by explicit resources for middle grades education that focus on aspects of the health and well-being of young adolescent learners to support the planning of curriculum and teaching and to support teachers and leaders working with this age-group. The purpose of this research – based volume is to fill that gap and to enable school leaders, teachers, academics, and teacher candidates to develop successfully an understanding of the health and well-being aspects of young adolescent learners and provide them with the necessary tools and information to address the health and well-being needs of young adolescent learners.

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Book SynopsisCurrent research around the middle grades has brought a heightened attention by teachers, policymakers, and researchers recognizing that this stage is a time when a students' health and social and emotional well-being directly impacts their academic progress. To date, school leaders and teachers have not been well served by explicit resources for middle grades education that focus on aspects of the health and well-being of young adolescent learners to support the planning of curriculum and teaching and to support teachers and leaders working with this age-group. The purpose of this research – based volume is to fill that gap and to enable school leaders, teachers, academics, and teacher candidates to develop successfully an understanding of the health and well-being aspects of young adolescent learners and provide them with the necessary tools and information to address the health and well-being needs of young adolescent learners.

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Book SynopsisThe youth of today is confronted with a myriad of challenges of living in a world that has never been more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous. These multifaceted challenges compromise their well-being. Fostering the well-being of young people across sociocultural boundaries, rather than of the select groups of privileged individuals, is a timely and worthy endeavor and should not take a back seat. The advent of Positive Education, which is an educational paradigm that emphasizes the goal of developing both cognitive abilities and well-being skills in students and young people in general, has offered a promising generic approach to promoting the well-being of young people. The twin goals of Positive Education are indeed aligned with two major views of well-being: eudaimonia highlighting the importance of one's engaged pursuit of meaningful goals, and hedonia stressing the importance of one's positive emotion and life satisfaction in one's well-being. Their combination – that wellness is achieved when a person is feeling good and functioning well – has often been termed 'flourishing'. Unfortunately, scholarly discussions on sociocultural influences on flourishing or well-being and ways of promoting it have been scarce.This volume addresses such a gap in a rigorous and timely manner. International scholars from culturally diverse backgrounds put together their thoughts and ideas in their respective chapter contributions that, collectively, invite us to mindfully take into account youth's sociocultural and sociodemographic backgrounds in promoting their flourishing. This book, which embodies the 'who', 'what', when, 'where', and 'how' of youth well-being, will be extremely insightful and useful for scholars and researchers as well as policy makers and practitioners (teachers, interventionists, counsellors, youth mentors) who seek to promote the well-being of young people in their respective contexts and beyond.

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Book SynopsisThe youth of today is confronted with a myriad of challenges of living in a world that has never been more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous. These multifaceted challenges compromise their well-being. Fostering the well-being of young people across sociocultural boundaries, rather than of the select groups of privileged individuals, is a timely and worthy endeavor and should not take a back seat. The advent of Positive Education, which is an educational paradigm that emphasizes the goal of developing both cognitive abilities and well-being skills in students and young people in general, has offered a promising generic approach to promoting the well-being of young people. The twin goals of Positive Education are indeed aligned with two major views of well-being: eudaimonia highlighting the importance of one's engaged pursuit of meaningful goals, and hedonia stressing the importance of one's positive emotion and life satisfaction in one's well-being. Their combination – that wellness is achieved when a person is feeling good and functioning well – has often been termed 'flourishing'. Unfortunately, scholarly discussions on sociocultural influences on flourishing or well-being and ways of promoting it have been scarce.This volume addresses such a gap in a rigorous and timely manner. International scholars from culturally diverse backgrounds put together their thoughts and ideas in their respective chapter contributions that, collectively, invite us to mindfully take into account youth's sociocultural and sociodemographic backgrounds in promoting their flourishing. This book, which embodies the 'who', 'what', when, 'where', and 'how' of youth well-being, will be extremely insightful and useful for scholars and researchers as well as policy makers and practitioners (teachers, interventionists, counsellors, youth mentors) who seek to promote the well-being of young people in their respective contexts and beyond.

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Book SynopsisIt is not surprising that in order to meet the job demands of the future, we need to ensure that students have the knowledge and opportunity to choose from an array of postsecondary options before graduating from high school. Particularly as our society continues to increase in diversity, providing access to college and career choices for all students is imperative. However, there are many barriers that keep students from reaching their potential and envisioning a future that is personally and professionally rewarding. Many of these barriers are systemic in nature and others are related to individual circumstances. Regardless from where the barriers stem, school counselors and others who provide postsecondary readiness services to students must advocate, work to create equitable access, and assist with navigating through complex systems.This book compiles information and strategies from experts in the field. Each chapter in this book offers definitions of specific populations, evidence-based culturally responsive counseling strategies including those related to collaboration, case studies and interventions, and opportunities for readers to reflect on their understanding of that population to inspire professional growth. Groups included in this book include students who are experiencing homelessness, students in English Language Learner programs, families experiencing poverty, students with special needs, and many others that school counselors and college advisors will encounter in their career.

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Book SynopsisIt is not surprising that in order to meet the job demands of the future, we need to ensure that students have the knowledge and opportunity to choose from an array of postsecondary options before graduating from high school. Particularly as our society continues to increase in diversity, providing access to college and career choices for all students is imperative. However, there are many barriers that keep students from reaching their potential and envisioning a future that is personally and professionally rewarding. Many of these barriers are systemic in nature and others are related to individual circumstances. Regardless from where the barriers stem, school counselors and others who provide postsecondary readiness services to students must advocate, work to create equitable access, and assist with navigating through complex systems.This book compiles information and strategies from experts in the field. Each chapter in this book offers definitions of specific populations, evidence-based culturally responsive counseling strategies including those related to collaboration, case studies and interventions, and opportunities for readers to reflect on their understanding of that population to inspire professional growth. Groups included in this book include students who are experiencing homelessness, students in English Language Learner programs, families experiencing poverty, students with special needs, and many others that school counselors and college advisors will encounter in their career.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to help secondary school principals and college faculty fulfill their key role for continuous improvement planning of educational practices and safety at their institution. Rapid social and technological advances have motivated the consideration of student voice in schools across the United States. By merging student voice and educator expertise, an intergenerational perspective can emerge that more accurately portrays the strengths and limitations of a school.Strom and Strom began their research on student voice by partnering with adolescents and principals from several schools to identify topics they saw as appropriate for polling to improve schools. This effort led to the development of ten polls on school stress, career exploration, time management, attention and distraction, tutoring, peer support, school cheating, frustration, cyberbullying, and Internet learning. Every poll contains 15 to 20 multiple-choice items. The process model for polling includes a step-by-step procedure that educational leaders can use to plan and implement school improvement. Different methods of data analysis and ways to report overall evidence-based school results are presented by age, gender, grade and ethnicity. Student polling is distinctive from other assessment strategies because the target for data gathering is a single school, without comparison to other schools. This narrow base to assess student voice ensures poll results are anonymous and have local relevance to guide stakeholder responses.The results of polling can provide data-based evidence that can be used for continuous education improvement planning. An additional benefit is to separately assess students in special education, gifted and talented programs, and second language acquisition learners. Our web site at learningpolls.org is intended to further inform educational leaders and invite their collaboration.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to help secondary school principals and college faculty fulfill their key role for continuous improvement planning of educational practices and safety at their institution. Rapid social and technological advances have motivated the consideration of student voice in schools across the United States. By merging student voice and educator expertise, an intergenerational perspective can emerge that more accurately portrays the strengths and limitations of a school.Strom and Strom began their research on student voice by partnering with adolescents and principals from several schools to identify topics they saw as appropriate for polling to improve schools. This effort led to the development of ten polls on school stress, career exploration, time management, attention and distraction, tutoring, peer support, school cheating, frustration, cyberbullying, and Internet learning. Every poll contains 15 to 20 multiple-choice items. The process model for polling includes a step-by-step procedure that educational leaders can use to plan and implement school improvement. Different methods of data analysis and ways to report overall evidence-based school results are presented by age, gender, grade and ethnicity. Student polling is distinctive from other assessment strategies because the target for data gathering is a single school, without comparison to other schools. This narrow base to assess student voice ensures poll results are anonymous and have local relevance to guide stakeholder responses.The results of polling can provide data-based evidence that can be used for continuous education improvement planning. An additional benefit is to separately assess students in special education, gifted and talented programs, and second language acquisition learners. Our web site at learningpolls.org is intended to further inform educational leaders and invite their collaboration.

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