Cosmology and the universe Books

Book SynopsisInterpreting general relativity relies on a proper description of non-inertial frames and Dirac observables. This book describes global non-inertial frames in special and general relativity. The first part covers special relativity and Minkowski space time, before covering general relativity, globally hyperbolic Einstein space-time, and the application of the 3+1 splitting method to general relativity. The author uses a Hamiltonian description and the DiracBergmann theory of constraints to show that the transition between one non-inertial frame and another is a gauge transformation, extra variables describing the frame are gauge variables, and the measureable matter quantities are gauge invariant Dirac observables. Point particles, fluids and fields are also discussed, including how to treat the problems of relative times in the description of relativistic bound states, and the problem of relativistic centre of mass. Providing a detailed description of mathematical methods, the book isTrade Review'The book is very much a technical monograph, with very detailed mathematical descriptions that will need careful study to make best use of it. It is not always an easy read, but rather a formidable tour-de-force that will primarily be for experts in the field.' Alan Heavens, The Observatory'This book is devoted to making an extensive and very detailed study of the relationship between these topics and showing their application to relativistic particle systems, fluids and field theories in inertial and non-inertial systems. In this sense, as the author himself describes in the preface, it becomes clear that the transitions between non-inertial frames are gauge transformations, that extra variables are gauge variables, and that the measurable matter quantities are gauge invariant Dirac observables. The last part of the book (two chapters) is devoted to presenting a very thorough review of the Dirac-Bergmann theory of constrained systems … The book also includes three appendices that clarify some aspects and tools used in the exposition, a presentation of conclusions and a brief discussion on some of the main open problems among which, obviously, the quantization of fields in non-inertial frames stands out.' Narciso Roman-Roy, Mathematical Reviews/MathSciNetTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Special Relativity: Minkowski Space-time: 1. Galilei and Minkowski space-times; 2. Global non-inertial frames in special relativity; 3. Relativistic dynamics and the relativistic center of mass; 4. Matter in the rest-frame instant form of dynamics; Part II. General Relativity: Globally Hyperbolic Einstein Space-Times: 5. Hamiltonian gravity in Einstein space-times; 6. ADM tetrad gravity and its constraints; 7. Post-Minkowskian and post-Newtonian approximations; Part III. Dirac–Bergmann Theory of Constraints: 8. Singular Lagrangians and constraint theory; 9. Dirac observables invariant under the Hamiltonian gauge transformations generated by first-class constraints; 10. Concluding remarks and open problems; Appendix A. Canonical realizations of lie algebras, Poincare' group, Poincare' orbits and Wigner boosts; Appendix B. Grassmann variables and pseudo-classical Lagrangian; Appendix C. Relativistic perfect fluids and covariant relativistic thermo-dynamics; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisR.J. Hankinson is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin, USA. His translations of Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.1-4 and Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.5-9 are also available in the series.Table of ContentsPreface Textual Emendations Translation Notes Select Bibliography English-Greek Glossary Greek-English Index Subject Index

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Book Synopsis- Discover how the ancient language of astrology is completely relevant to your life today. - Appreciate how astrology is a language of meaning that helps you decode your inner reality and outer experience. - Understand how your birth moment encapsulates the `information seed for all that unfolds in your life. - Learn how understanding your birthchart can help you live a bigger life, as a true co-creator.

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Book SynopsisDescribes the branch of astronomy in which processes in the universe are investigated with experimental methods employed in particle-physics experiments. After a historical introduction the basics of elementary particles, Explains particle interactions and the relevant detection techniques, while modern aspects of astroparticle physics are described in a chapter on cosmology. Provides an orientation in the field of astroparticle physics that many beginners might seek and appreciate because the underlying physics fundamentals are presented with little mathematics, and the results are illustrated by many diagrams. Readers have a chance to enter this field of astronomy with a book that closes the gap between expert and popular level.Table of ContentsHistorical Introduction.- The Standard Model of Elementary Particles.- Kinematics and Cross Sections.- Physics of Particle and Radiation Detection.- Acceleration Mechanisms.- Primary Cosmic Rays.- Secondary Cosmic Rays.- Cosmology.- The Early Universe.- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.- The Cosmic Microwave Background.- Inflation.- Dark Matter.- Astrobiology.- Gravitational Waves.- Neutrino Astronomy.- Extrasolar Planets.- Outlook.- Glossary.- Solutions.- Appendices.- Index.

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Book SynopsisBeginning with an overview of the theory of black holes by the editor, this book presents a collection of ten chapters by leading physicists dealing with the variety of quantum mechanical and quantum gravitational effects pertinent to black holes. The contributions address topics such as Hawking radiation, the thermodynamics of black holes, the information paradox and firewalls, Monsters, primordial black holes, self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates, the formation of small black holes in high energetic collisions of particles, minimal length effects in black holes and small black holes at the Large Hadron Collider. Viewed as a whole the collection provides stimulating reading for researchers and graduate students seeking a summary of the quantum features of black holes.Table of ContentsFundamental Physics with Black Holes (Xavier Calmet).- Black holes and thermodynamics - The first half century (Daniel Grumiller, Robert McNees and Jakob Salzer).- The Firewall Phenomenon (R. B. Mann).- Monsters, Black holes and Entropy (Stephen D. H. Hsu).- Primordial Black Holes: sirens of the early Universe (Anne M. Green).- Self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates (Pierre-Henri Chavanis).- Quantum Amplitudes in Black-Hole Evaporation with Local Supersymmetry (P.D.D'Eath and A.N.St.J.Farley).- Hawking radiation from higher-dimensional black holes (Panagiota Kanti and Elizabeth Winstanley).- Black Holes at the Large Hadron Collider (Greg Landsberg).- Minimum length effects in black hole physics (Roberto Casadio, Octavian Micu, Piero Nicolini).

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Book SynopsisSome major developments of physics in the last three decades are addressed by highly qualified specialists in different specific fields. They include renormalization problems in QFT, vacuum energy fluctuations and the Casimir effect in different configurations, and a wealth of applications. A number of closely related issues are also considered. The cosmological applications of these theories play a crucial role and are at the very heart of the book; in particular, the possibility to explain in a unified way the whole history of the evolution of the Universe: from primordial inflation to the present day accelerated expansion. Further, a description of the mathematical background underlying many of the physical theories considered above is provided. This includes the uses of zeta functions in physics, as in the regularization problems in QFT already mentioned, specifically in curved space-time, and in Casimir problems as.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book in part is about on some technology concerning the local zeta function applied to quantum field theory in curved static (thermal) spacetime to regularize the stress energy tensor and the field fluctuations. … I find this book extremely useful and important, because it signifies the beauty of a mathematical technique in physics in general. I recommend this book for you it is an amazing reading!” (Philosophy, Religion and Science Book Reviews, bookinspections.wordpress.com, January, 2014)Table of ContentsPart I QFT and the Casimir Effect.- 1. I. Ya. AREF’EVA. Colliding Hadrons as Cosmic Membranes and Possible Signatures of Lost Momentum.- 2. M. ASOREY, I. Cavero‐Peláez and J. M. Muñoz‐Casta. Vacuum energy and the Topology of the Universe.-3. M. BORDAG and I. Pirozhenko. The Low Temperature Corrections to the Casimir Force Between a Sphere and a Plane.- 4. I. BREVIK. Casimir Effect for the Piecewise Uniform String.- 5. I.L. BUCHBINDER, N.G. Pletnev and I.B. Samsonov. N = 2 and N = 4 Supersymmetric Low‐Energy Effective Actions in Three Dimensions.- 6. M. CHAICHIAN. Colour Confinement, the Goto‐Imamura‐Schwinger Term and Renormalization Group.- 7. J. GOMIS. Non‐Central Extensions of (Super) Poincaré Algebra and (Susy) Electromagnetic Backgrounds.- 8. K. A. MILTON, J. Wagner, P. Parashar, I. Cavero‐Peláez, I. Brevik and S. A. Ellingsen. Multiple Scattering: Dispersion, Temperature Dependence, and Annular Pistons.- Part II Gravity and Cosmology.- 9. M. BOUHMADI‐LÓPEZ. Brane Cosmology with an f(R)‐Contribution.- 10. S. CAPOZZIELLO. f(R)‐Gravity Matched with Large Scale Structure and Cosmological Observations.- 11. S. CARLONI. An Analysis of the Phase Space of Hořava‐Lifshitz Cosmologies.- 12. C. CORDA. Gravitational Waves Astronomy: a Cornerstone for Gravitational Theories.- 13. R. DI CRISCIENZO, L. Vanzo and S. Zerbini. Hamilton‐Jacobi Method and Gravitation.- 14. K. N. Ananda, S. Carloni and P. K. S. DUNSBY. A Characteristic Signature of Fourth Order Gravity.- 15. V. FARAONI. Horizons and Singularity in Clifton's Spherical Solution of f(R)‐vacuum.- 16. R. GARATTINI. Gravitational Zero Point Energy and the Induced Cosmological Constant.- 17. P. GONZALEZ‐DÍAZ. Lensing Effects in Ringholes and the Multiverse Black Holes.- 18. L. LUSANNA. Hamiltonian ADM Gravity in Non‐Harmonic Gauges with Well Defined Non‐Euclidean 3‐Spaces: How Much Darkness can be Explained as a Relativistic Inertial Effect?- 19. J. Beltrán and A. LÓPEZ MAROTO. Dark Energy and Cosmic Magnetic Fields: Electromagnetic Relics from Inflation.- 20. N. Carlevaro, G. MONTANI and M. Lattanzi. On the Viability of Non‐Analytical f(R)‐Theory.- 21. S. NOJIRI. Towards the Unification of Late‐Time Acceleration and Inflation by k‐Essence Model.- 22. N. Deruelle and M. SASAKI. Conformal Equivalence in Classical Gravity: the Example of “Veiled” General Relativity.- 23. L. SEBASTIANI. Finite‐Time Singularities in Modified f(R;G)‐Gravity and Singularity Avoidance.- 24. P. J. SILVA. Asymptotic Darkness in Hořava‐Lifshitz Gravity.- 25. C. F. SOPUERTA and N. Yunes. Testing Modified Gravity with Gravitational Wave Astronomy.- 26. P. K. TOWNSEND. Gravitons in Flatland.- 27. M. M. Sheikh‐Jabbari and A. TUREANU. Very Special Relativity and Noncommutative Space‐Time.- Part III Zeta Functions in Physics and Mathematics.-28. G. Fucci, K. KIRSTEN and P. Morales. Pistons Modelled by Potentials.- 29. V. Moretti. Local ζ‐functions, stress‐energy tensor, field fluctuations, and all that, in curved static spacetime.- 30. V. Muñoz and R. PÉREZ‐MARCO. Ergodic Solenoidal Geometry.- 31. A. VOROS. Zeta‐Regularization and Exact WKB Method for a General 1D Schrödinger equation.- 32. G. Cognola and S. ZERBINI. Generalized Zeta Function Regularization and the Multiplicative Anomaly.- Part IV Non‐standard approaches.- 33. R. M. SANTILLI. Isominkowskian Geometry for Interior Dynamical Problems.- 34. L. YING. Nuclear Fusion Drives Cosmic Expansion.- Index

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch ist bis heute eine der populärsten Darstellungen der Relativitätstheorie geblieben. In der vorliegenden Version haben J. Ehlers und M. Pössel vom Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) in Golm/Potsdam den Bornschen Text kommentiert und einen den anschaulichen, aber präzisen Stil Borns wahrendes, umfangreiches Ergänzungskapitel hinzugefügt, das die stürmische Entwicklung der Relativiatätstheorie bis hin zu unseren Tagen nachzeichnet. Eingegangen wird auf Gravitationswellen und Schwarze Löcher, auf neuere Entwicklungen der Kosmologie, auf Ansätze zu einer Theorie der Quantengravitation und auf die zahlreichen raffinierten Experimente, welche die Gültigkeit der Einsteinschen Theorie mit immer größerer Genauigkeit bestätigt haben. Damit bleibt dieses Buch nach wie vor einer der unmittelbarsten Zugänge zur Relativitätstheorie für alle die sich für eine über das rein populärwissenschaftliche hinausgehende Einführung interessieren.Trade Review"Allen interessierten Laien sehr zu empfehlen, die ohne höhere Mathematik tiefer in diese Materie eindringen möchten." (Weltraum-Facts mit Space-Informer, 2001) "Alle, die sich über eine rein populärwissenschaftliche Einführung hinaus für die Relativitätstheorie interessieren – besonders Physikstudenten – werden an dem eingehenden Werk Freude haben." (Der Sternenbote, 2001) "Die Erweiterung bereichert den Text von Born aber nicht nur um neuere Entwicklungen der Physik. Rückverweise verzahnen die neuen Kapitel inhaltlich mit den vorstehenden Überlegungen, und auch das Bornsche Projekt, für den mit Schulmathemaitk und einem "gesunden Menschenverstand" ausgestatteten Leser verständlich zu sein, wird erfolgreich fortgeführt." (Wissenschaftlicher Literaturanzeiger, 2001) "Das Buch zeichnet sich in besonderm Maße gegenüber fast allen anderen Abhandlungen über dieses Thema dadurch aus, daß es in einer zuweilen geradezu brillianten Ausdrucksweise die Problematik der klassischen Physik und deren Hintergrund aufzeigt, die dann durch Einsteins Theorien eine Auflösung fand. [...] Alles in allem ein sehr lesenswertes Buch, jedoch kein populärwissenschaftliches und für den Laien sicherlich auch kein leichtes. Denn trotz der außerordentlich gut verständlichen Darstellungsweise Borns erfordert das Buch außer etwas Grundlagen-Mathematik ein hohes Maß an Aufmerksamkeit und die bereitschaft, physikalsiche Sachverhalte gedanklich zu durchdringen. Es ist mit sicherheit ein Verdienst von Herausgebern und Verlag, Borns Buch durch die Neuauflage mit den aktuellen Ergänzungen wieder einer interessierten Leserschaft verfügbar zu machen." (Nachrichten der Olbers-Gesellschaft, 2001) "Wer eine fundierte, gründliche Einführung in die Welt der Relativitätstheorie sucht, kommt an Borns Klassiker nicht vorbei. Freilich muß man sich mitunter bemühen und auch einiges an Mathematik bewältigen, läuft dafür aber nicht Gefahr, durch aus dem Alltag entlehnte Analogien verwirrt zu werden." (Sirius – Zeitschrift der Vereinigten Amateur-Astronomen, 2002) "Wer die populärwissenschaftlichen Darstellungen der Relativitätstheorie als nicht ausreichend betrachtet und gern etwas tiefer schürfen möchte, dem sei dieses Buch als Lektüre ans Herz gelegt." (Astrokurier, 2002) "Ehlers und Pössel ist damit ein gelungenes Remake von Borns wegweisendem Werk gelungen. Sie haben bewiesen, dass der 80 Jahre alte Zugang zu Einsteins Theorie auch heute noch gangbar ist." (Physik in unserer Zeit, 2002) "[...] weiterhin einer der unmittelbarsten Zugänge zur Relativitätstheorie für Schüler-, Lehrer- und Studentenschaft sowie für alle, die sich nicht beruflich mit relativistischer Physik beschäftigen möchten, insbesondere für jene Leserschaft aus der Amateur-Astronomie, die an einem tieferen Verständnis dieses spannenden Themas interessiert ist. Gerade diesem Kreis ist das vorliegende Buch als Einführung in die moderne Kosmologie sehr zu empfehlen." (ORION 61/314, 2003)Table of ContentsGeometrie und Kosmologie.- Die Grundgesetze der klassischen Mechanik.- Das Newtonsche Weltsystem.- Die Grundgesetze der Optik.- Die Grundgesetze der Elektrodynamik.- Das spezielle Einsteinsche Relativitätsprinzip.- Die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie Einsteins.- Neuere Entwicklungen der relativistischen Physik.

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Book SynopsisProlog.- Der Anfang der Geschichte.- Die Form des Kosmos.- Die Pioniere des Big Bang.- Das sich entwickelnde Universum.- Die kosmische Schmiede.- Das ewige Universum schlägt wieder zu.- Das Licht des Big Bang.- Das Rätsel des Big Bang.- Wie funktioniert der Urknall.- Die Geheimnisse des Urknalls entschlüsseln.- Die Fossilien des Big Bang.- Parallele Universen.- Die Komplexität des Multiversums.- Erfolge und Grenzen der Inflation.- Und was war davor?.- Der Big Bang jenseits der Wissenschaft.- Es gibt kein Ende der Geschichte.- Epilog.- Bibliographische Referenzen der Zitate.

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Book SynopsisScience and Theology: Ruminations on the Cosmos presents the keynote addresses of a unique meeting organized by the Vatican Observatory, which aimed to facilitate dialogue between science and religion among established philosophers, theologians, and scientists that would also be relevant in the work and lives of young scholars. The speakers include young scientists, alumni of Vatican Observatory Schools presenting research, and renowned international scholars offering insights into pertinent topics, including William Carroll on creation in Aquinas and Big Bang cosmology, Owen Gingerich on intelligent design, Ernan McMullin on the anthropic principle, and Lynn Rothschild on astrobiology. This well-balanced collection integrates new factual scientific research into religious and philosophical discussion.

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