Contract law Books

Book Synopsis“Reproducible, ready-to-use forms are accompanied by step-by-step descriptions of the process involved in over twenty common legal issues. . . . Well designed and easy to use.” —American LibrariesLegal Forms for Everyone is the ultimate self-help legal guide that will save hours of research time and money in legal fees. Written by an experienced attorney, this book is complete with the most commonly needed, ready-to-use legal forms and precise instructions and checklists on how to use them, as well as advice about when you should hire an attorney. In addition, all the forms are online on a supplemental website to aid in customizing for individual needs.Readers will find forms and advice for a variety of legal situations, including preparing a will, avoiding probate, buying and selling real estate, handling divorce or separation, getting a new name, copyrights and trademarks, bankruptcy, and so much more. However, due to the ever-evolving legal system and the development of new technologies, Carl Battle has added to this new edition such changes as: How to protect against credit fraud, identity theft, and internet fraud How to navigate new electronic filing systems for copyrights, trademarks, and patents Updated information in filing fees, exemptions, and forms for filing for bankruptcy The latest information on filing for patents Legal Forms for Everyone is a comprehensive tool for getting in and out of legal situations without having to pay for that costly attorney. Trade Review“Self-help legal forms are presented in a guide that covers everything from making a will or organizing a living trust to contracting services and filing complaints in small claims court.” —Midwest Book Review“Reproducible, ready-to-use forms are accompanied by step-by-step descriptions of the process involved in over twenty common legal issues. . . . Well designed and easy to use . . . for do-it-yourselfers as well as people who have retained an attorney but want to understand what they’re paying them to do.” —American Libraries“A good variety of ready-to-use forms.” —Library Journal“Self-help legal forms are presented in a guide that covers everything from making a will or organizing a living trust to contracting services and filing complaints in small claims court.” —Midwest Book Review

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe legal frameworks for procurement that states have developed contain both similarities as well as critical differences, making it difficult for suppliers who provide products to multiple states.With each state having its own procurement statutes, regulations, and policies, there are similarities as well as important differences in the legal frameworks that have developed over the years, making it difficult and time-consuming for suppliers who provide products to multiple states. Now fully updated, this useful, single-volume resource contains a summary of purchasing laws and processes for all 50 States. Each chapter is written by individuals knowledgeable in each state's' laws and processes, and includes: A listing of purchasing laws and regulations Descriptions of purchasing methods An explanation of: Bid protest procedures Contract claims processes, and Administrative and judicial review Those involved in state procurement -- government officials, contract administrators, attorneys, and contractors -- will find the information in this Guide to be invaluable.Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgments Introduction xlix liii Alabama Procurement Rules and Regulations 1 I. Statutory Reference 1 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 1 B. Other Applicable Statutes 1 II. Regulations 2 III. Source Selection 2 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 2 A. Bid Protests 2 B. Bid Protest Appeals 3 C. Contract Disputes 4 D. Suspension and Debarment 4 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 4 A. Administrative Review 4 B. Judicial Review 4 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 5 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 5 A. Authority 5 B. Requirements 5 Alaska Procurement Rules and Regulations 7 I. Statutory Reference 7 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 7 B. Other Applicable Statutes 8 II. Regulations 8 III. Source Selection 9 A. Small Procurements (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.320) 9 1. Written or Oral Quotations for Procurements between $10,000 and $50,000 9 2. Written Quotations for Procurements between $50,000 and $100,000 9 3. Award Notification 9 B. Invitation to Bid (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.110) 10 C. Request for Proposals 10 1. Discussion with Responsible Offerors and Revisions to Proposals 11 D. Limited Competition Procurements (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.305) 11 E. Single Source Procurements (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.300) 11 F. Construction Manager General Contractor Contract (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.309) 12 G. Emergency Procurements (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.310) 12 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 13 A. Bid Protests 13 1. Filing of a Protest (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.560) 13 2. Time for Filing a Protest (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.565) 13 3. Notice of a Protest (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.570) 13 4. Stay of Award (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.575) 13 5. Decision by the Procurement Officer (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.580) 14 6. Protest Remedies (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.585) 14 B. Bid Protest Appeal (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.590) 14 1. Notice and Copy of Protest Appeal (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.595) 14 2. Stay of Award during Protest Appeal (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.600) 14 C. Contract Disputes 15 1. Contract Claims (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.620) 15 2. Contract Claims Appeals (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.625) 16 D. Suspension and Debarment 16 1. Authority (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.635) 16 2. Notice (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.645) 16 3. Hearing (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.650) 17 4. Period of Effect (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.635) 17 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 17 A. Administrative Review 17 B. Judicial Review 17 1. Judicial Appeal (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.685) 17 2. Judicial Decisions 17 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 18 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 18 A. Authority (Alaska Statutes § 36.30.700) 18 B. Requirements 18 Arizona Procurement Rules and Regulations 19 I. Statutory Reference 19 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 19 B. Other Applicable Statutes 21 1. Lobbying Laws 21 2. Ethics Laws 21 3. Anti-Bribery Statutes 21 C. Opinions of the Office of the Attorney General 21 II. Regulations 22 III. Source Selection 23 A. Traditional Bid Process 24 B. Alternative Methods of Project Delivery 24 C. Public-Private Partnerships 24 D. Requests for Proposals 25 E. Construction Delivery Methods 25 1. Design-Bid-Build 25 2. Design-Build 25 3. CMAR 26 4. Job-Order-Contracting 26 F. Bonds 26 1. Bid Security Bonds 26 2. Payment Bonds 26 3. Performance Bonds 26 4. Retention 27 G. Mandatory Contract Provisions 27 H. Procurement Pointers 28 I. Socioeconomic Policies 28 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 29 A. Bid Protests 29 B. Bid Protest Appeals 29 C. Contract Disputes 30 1. Contract Claims 30 2. Contract Claims Appeals 30 D. Suspension and Debarment 30 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 31 A. Administrative Review 31 B. Judicial Review 31 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 34 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 34 A. Authority 34 B. Requirements 34 Arkansas Procurement Rules and Regulations 35 I. Statutory Reference 35 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 35 B. Other Applicable Statutes 40 II. Regulations 40 III. Source Selection 41 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 41 A. Bid Protests 41 1. Deadlines 41 2. Form and Filing 42 3. Stay of Procurement 42 4. Decision 42 5. Costs 42 6. Private Action 42 B. Contract Disputes 43 C. Suspension and Debarment 43 1. Suspension 43 2. Debarment 43 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 43 A. Administrative Review 43 B. Judicial Review 44 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 44 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 44 A. Authority 44 B. Requirements 45 California Procurement Rules and Regulations 47 I. Statutory Reference 47 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 47 B. Other Applicable Statutes 47 II. Regulations 48 A. CCR Title 2 (Administration), Division 2 (Financial Operations), Chapter 3 (Department of General Services) 48 B. State Administrative Manual 48 C. State Contracting Manual 48 D. Executive Orders and Management Memos 48 E. Standard Contract Language and Model Language 49 III. Source Selection 49 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 49 A. Bid Protests 49 1. PCC Section 10306—Protests of Contracts or Purchase Orders 49 2. PCC Section 12102.2(g)—Protest Procedures for IT Awards 50 3. PCC Sections 12125–12129—The Alternative Protest Pilot Project 50 4. PCC Sections 19100–19102—Claims and Disputes 50 5. CCR Title 1, Division 2, Chapter 1, Section 1000 et seq.— General APA Hearing Procedures 50 6. CCR Title 2, Division 2, Chapter 3, Subchapter 1.5, Section 1195—Contract Protest Procedures; Protest Procedures for Consulting and Services Contracts 50 7. SCM 50 B. Bid Protest Appeals 50 C. Contract Disputes 51 1. Contract Claims 51 2. Contract Claims Appeals 51 D. Suspension and Debarment 51 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 52 A. Administrative Review 52 B. Judicial Review 52 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 52 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 52 A. Authority 52 B. Requirements 52 Colorado Procurement Rules and Regulations 55 I. Statutory Reference 55 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 55 B. Other Applicable Law 60 II. Regulations 61 III. Source Selection 62 A. Qualification and Duties of Bidders and Offerors 62 1. Responsibility and Prequalification 62 2. Cost or Pricing Data 62 B. Invitation for Bids 62 C. Request for Proposals 62 D. Invitation for Best Value Bids 63 E. Small Purchases 63 F. Sole Source Procurements 63 G. Emergency Procurements 63 H. Other Possible Procurement 63 I. Legislative Declaration—Nonprofit Set-Asides 64 J. Special Considerations 64 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 65 A. Bid Protests 65 B. Bid Protest Appeals 65 C. Contract Disputes 65 D. Suspension and Debarment 65 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 66 A. Administrative Review 66 B. Judicial Review 67 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 67 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 67 A. Authority 67 B. Requirements 68 Connecticut Procurement Rules and Regulations 69 I. Statutory Reference 69 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 69 1. Department of Administrative Services, Division of Procurement Services 69 2. DAS, Division of Construction 72 3. DAS, Division of Information Technology 73 4. State Contracting Standards Board 74 B. Other Applicable Statutes 77 1. Connecticut Code of Ethics—Chapter 10 of Title 1 77 2. Large State Contracts: Certifications—CGS Sections 4-250 and 4-252 and Governor M. Jodi Rell’s Executive Order No. 1, Section 8 77 3. Connecticut Campaign Contribution Certification— CGS Section 9-612(g) 77 4. In-State Contracting Preferences 77 II. Regulations 78 III. Source Selection 78 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding (CGS § 4a-57) 78 B. Competitive Sealed Proposals and Negotiations (CGS § 4a-57 and Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies § 4a-52-16) 78 C. Sole Source Procurement (Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies § 4a-52-15) 78 D. Waiver of Bid or Proposal Requirement for Emergency Purchases or for Extraordinary Conditions (CGS § 4a-58 and Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies § 4a-52-20) 78 E. Cooperative Purchasing (CGS §§ 4a-53 and 4a-53a) 78 F. Small Purchases (General Letter No. 71) 79 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 79 A. Bid Protests 79 B. Bid Protest Appeals 79 C. Contract Claims 79 D. Suspension and Debarment 79 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 80 A. Administrative Review 80 B. Judicial Review 80 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 80 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 80 A. Authority 80 B. Requirements 80 Delaware Procurement Rules and Regulations 81 I. Statutory Reference 81 II. Regulations 81 III. Source Selection 82 A. Materiel and Nonprofessional Services (Delaware Code Tit. 29, §§ 6922–6939) 82 1. Competitive Sealed Bids or Requests for Proposals 82 2. Sole Source Procurement 83 3. Three Written Quotes 83 4. Open Market Purchase 83 5. Emergency Procurement 83 B. Public Works Contracts (Delaware Code Tit. 29, §§ 6960–6970) 83 1. Competitive Sealed Bids 83 2. Three Letter Bids 84 3. Open Market Purchase 84 4. Sole Source Procurement 84 5. Prevailing Wage Requirements 84 6. Emergency Procurement 84 7. Contractor and Subcontractor Registration 84 C. Professional Services (Delaware Code Tit. 29, §§ 6980–6987) 85 1. RFP 85 2. Open Market Purchase 85 3. Sole Source Procurement 85 D. Violations and Penalties (Delaware Code Tit. 29, § 6903) 85 E. Central Contracting (Delaware Code Tit. 29, §§ 6910–6915) 86 F. Multiple Source Contracting (Delaware Code Tit. 29, §§ 6926, 6966, 6986) 86 G. Purchase of Used Materiel or Equipment (Delaware Code Tit. 29, § 6934) 86 H. Energy Performance Contracting (Delaware Code Tit. 29, §§ 6971–6976) 86 I. Exceptions (Delaware Code Tit. 29, § 6904) 86 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 87 A. Bid Protests 87 B. Bid Protest Appeals 88 C. Contract Disputes 88 D. Suspension and Debarment (Delaware Code Tit. 29, § 6962(d)(14)) 88 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 88 A. Administrative Review 88 B. Judicial Review 88 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 89 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 89 A. Authority 89 B. Requirements 89 District of Columbia Procurement Rules and Regulations 91 I. Statutory Reference 91 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 91 1. District of Columbia Procurement Practices Reform Act 91 2. Public-Private Partnership Act 94 B. Other Applicable Statutes 95 1. General 95 2. Federal Laws Related to Procurement Expressly Applicable to the District Government 95 3. Federal Laws Related to Procurement That District of Columbia Government Requires Contractors to Follow 96 4. District of Columbia Laws Related to Procurement That District Contractors Are Required to Follow 96 5. District of Columbia Laws Imposing Criminal or Civil Liability 97 6. General District of Columbia Laws That Contractors Are Required to Follow 98 II. Regulations 98 A. Authority to Issue Procurement Rules 98 B. Procurement Rules Pertaining to the PPRA and Related Statutes 98 C. Procurement Rules Pertaining to District Government Agencies Exempt from the PPRA 100 III. Source Selection 100 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 100 B. Competitive Sealed Proposals 100 C. Sole Source Procurements 101 D. Emergency Procurements 101 E. Human Care Procurements 101 F. Small Purchase Procurements 102 G. Special Pilot Procurements 102 H. Reverse Auctions 102 I. Procurements through a General Services Administration Schedule 102 J. Cooperative Agreements 102 K. Procurements through the District of Columbia Supply Schedule 102 L. Infrastructure Facilities and Services 103 M. Exemptions from Competition Requirements 103 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 103 A. Bid Protests 103 B. Bid Protest Appeals 103 C. Contract Disputes 104 1. Contract Claims 104 2. Contract Claims Appeals 104 D. Debarment and Suspension 105 1. Grounds for Suspension or Debarment 105 2. Procedure for Suspension and Debarment 105 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 106 A. Administrative Review 106 B. Judicial Review 106 1. Review of Contested Cases by the District of Columbia Court of Appeals 106 2. Review of Noncontested Cases by the Superior Court of the District of Columbia 107 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 108 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 108 A. Authority 108 B. Requirements 108 Florida Procurement Rules and Regulations 111 I. Statutory Reference 111 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 112 1. Primary Procurement Statutes 112 2. Other Procurement Statutes 112 B. Other Applicable Statutes 115 1. Florida’s Public Records Act and Sunshine Law 115 2. Lobbying Laws 115 3. Ethics Laws 116 4. Anti-Bribery Statute 116 C. Opinions of the Office of the Attorney General 117 II. Regulations 117 III. Source Selection 120 A. Procurement Methods 120 B. Mandatory Contract Provisions 120 C. Socioeconomic Policies 121 1. Minority Business Enterprise Policies 121 2. Preferences 121 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 122 A. Bid Protests 122 B. Bid Protest Appeals 123 C. Contract Disputes 124 1. Contract Claims 124 2. Contract Claims Appeals 124 D. Suspension and Debarment 124 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 125 A. Administrative Review 125 B. Judicial Review 125 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 131 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 131 A. Authority 131 B. Requirements 131 Georgia Procurement Rules and Regulations 133 I. Statutory Reference 133 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 133 B. Other Applicable Statutes 136 II. Regulations 136 III. Source Selection 136 A. Request for Quotes 136 B. Request for Proposals 136 C. Request for Qualified Contractors 136 D. Reverse Auctions 137 E. Emergency Purchases 137 F. Sole Source Purchases 137 G. Cooperative Purchasing 137 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 137 A. Bid Protests 137 1. Deadlines 137 2. Standing 138 3. Form and Filing 138 4. Stay of Procurement 139 5. Hearing 139 6. Decision 139 7. Remedies 139 B. Bid Protest Appeals 139 1. Deadline 139 2. Standing 139 3. Form and Filing 140 4. Stay of Procurement 140 5. Hearing 140 6. Decision 140 C. Contract Disputes 140 D. Suspension and Debarment 140 1. Suspension 140 2. Debarment 141 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 141 A. Administrative Review 141 B. Judicial Review 141 1. Judicial Decisions 142 2. Attorney General Decisions 142 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 142 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 143 A. Authority 143 B. Requirements 143 Hawaii Procurement Rules and Regulations 145 I. Statutory Reference 145 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 145 B. Other Applicable Statutes 150 II. Regulations 150 III. Source Selection 152 A. Methods for Purchases of Goods, Services, and Construction 152 1. Competitive Sealed Bidding (Invitation for Bids) 152 2. Competitive Sealed Proposals (Request for Proposals) 152 3. Multi-Step IFB 152 4. Professional Services 152 5. Small Purchases 153 6. Sole Source 153 7. Emergency Procurements 153 B. Methods for Purchases of Health and Human Services 153 C. Exemptions 154 D. Preferences 154 E. Modes of Procurement 155 1. E-Quote Bidding 155 2. Price/Vendor List 155 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 156 A. Bid Protests 156 1. Deadlines, Form, and Filing 156 2. Stay of Procurement 157 B. Bid Protest Appeals 157 C. Contract Disputes 157 D. Suspension and Debarment 157 1. Debarment 158 2. Suspension 158 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 158 A. Administrative Review 158 B. Judicial Review 159 1. Review of Administrative Decisions 159 2. Judicial Action on Contract Disputes 160 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 160 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 160 A. Authority 160 B. Requirements 161 Idaho Procurement Rules and Regulations 163 I. Statutory Reference 163 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 163 B. Other Applicable Statutes 164 1. Exemptions from the State Procurement Act 164 2. Evidence, Public Writings, section 9-301 et seq. As amended and repealed. 164 3. Highways and Bridges, Appropriations, section 40-701 et seq. 164 4. Highways and Bridges, Contracts-Bids, section 40-901 et seq. 164 5. Crimes and Punishments, Public Funds and Securities, section 18-5701 et seq. 164 6. Ethics in Government, section 74-401 et seq. 164 7. Prohibitions against Contracts with Officers, section 74-501 et seq. 164 8. Purchasing by Political Subdivisions, section 67-2801 et seq. 165 9. Idaho Public Works Licensing, section 54-1905 et seq. 165 II. Regulations 165 A. Regulations 165 B. Policy Directives 165 III. Source Selection 169 A. Noncompetitive and Emergency Purchases 169 B. Small Purchases 169 C. Sole Source Purchases 169 D. Formal Sealed Bids or Proposals 169 E. Reverse Auctions 170 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 170 A. Bid Protests 170 1. Deadlines 170 2. Standing 170 3. Stay of Procurement 170 4. Hearing 170 B. Bid Protest Appeals 171 1. Deadline 171 2. Filing 171 3. Stay of Procurement 171 4. Hearing 171 C. Contract Disputes 171 D. Suspension and Debarment 171 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 172 A. Administrative Review 172 B. Judicial Review 172 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 172 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 172 A. Authority 172 B. Requirements 172 Illinois Procurement Rules and Regulations 175 I. Statutory Reference 175 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 175 B. Other Applicable Statutes 175 II. Regulations 175 A. General Procurement Rules—Department of Central Management Services 175 1. Subpart A: General 175 2. Subpart B: Procurement Rules 176 3. Subpart C: Procurement Authority 176 4. Subpart D: Publicizing Procurement Actions 176 5. Subpart E: Source Selection and Contract Formation 176 6. Subpart F: Suppliers, Prequalification, and Responsibility 176 7. Subpart G: Bid, Proposal, and Performance Security 177 8. Subpart H: Specifications and Samples 177 9. Subpart I: Contracts 177 10. Subpart K: Working Conditions 177 11. Subpart M: Construction, Construction-Related Professional Services 177 12. Subpart N: Real Property Leases and Capital Improvement Leases 177 13. Subpart O: Preferences 177 14. Subpart P: Ethics 177 15. Subpart Q: Concessions 178 16. Subpart R: Cooperative Purchasing 178 17. Subpart S: Protests 178 18. Subpart W: Miscellaneous Provisions of General Applicability 178 19. Social Policies Applicable to All Contracts 178 B. Supplemental Rules for Other Agencies 178 III. Source Selection 179 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 179 B. Competitive Sealed Proposals 179 C. Small Purchases Threshold 180 D. Sole Source Procurements 180 E. Emergency Purchases 180 F. Types of Contracts Available 180 G. Notification of Intended Subcontractors 180 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 181 A. Bid Protests 181 B. Bid Protest Appeals 181 C. Contract Disputes 182 1. Contract Claims 182 2. Contract Claims Appeals 182 D. Suspension and Debarment 182 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 182 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 183 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 183 A. Authority 183 B. Requirements 183 Indiana Procurement Rules and Regulations 185 I. Statutory Reference 185 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 185 1. Title 4: State Public Works 185 2. Title 5, Article 22: The Public Purchasing Statute 186 3. Title 8, Article 23: INDOT 186 4. Title 36, Article 1, Chapter 12: Local Public Works Projects 187 II. Regulations 187 A. IDOA 187 B. INDOT 187 III. Source Selection 187 A. Title 4 Procurements (State Public Works) 187 1. Qualifications for State Public Works Projects 187 2. Bidding Requirements 187 3. Bid Opening and Award of Contracts 188 4. Bonding, Escrow, and Retainages 189 5. Energy Cost Savings Contracts 190 6. Use of Energy-Efficient Technology 190 B. Title 5 Procurements 190 1. Contracts with the State 190 2. Public Purchasing 191 C. Title 8: INDOT 194 1. Bidder Prequalification 194 2. Emergency Procurements 194 3. Bidding Procedures 194 4. Labor Provisions 196 5. Claims against the Contractor 196 D. Title 36: Local Public Works 196 1. Bidding Procedures 196 2. Award and Time to Commence 197 3. Bond Requirements 197 4. Changes 198 5. Contractor Requirements and Antidiscrimination 198 6. Completion and Final Payment 198 E. Preferences and Set-Aside Programs 199 1. Small Business Set-Asides 199 2. Minority Business Enterprise/Woman-Owned Business Enterprise Participation Goals 199 3. Construction Projects 200 4. Veteran-Owned Businesses 200 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 200 A. Bid Protests 200 1. Public Works 200 2. Title 5 201 B. Bid Protest Appeals 201 C. Contract Disputes 201 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 202 A. Bid Protests 202 B. Claims 203 1. Claims against the State 203 2. Claims against Counties 203 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 203 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 203 A. Authority 203 B. Requirements 203 Iowa Procurement Rules and Regulations 205 I. Statutory Reference 205 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 205 B. Other Applicable Statutes 206 1. Counties, Municipalities, and Utilities Procurements 206 2. Ethics Law 206 3. Open Records 206 II. Regulations 207 III. Source Selection 209 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 209 B. Competitive Negotiations 210 C. Sole Source Procurement 210 D. Emergency Procurements 210 E. Professional Services 210 F. Cooperative Purchasing 210 G. Master Agreement 210 H. Multiple Award Contract 210 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 211 A. Bid Protests 211 B. Bid Protest Appeals 211 C. Contract Disputes 212 D. Suspension and Debarment 212 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 212 A. Administrative Review 212 B. Judicial Review 212 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 213 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 213 A. Authority 213 B. Requirements 213 Kansas Procurement Rules and Regulations 215 I. Statutory Reference 215 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 215 B. Other Applicable Statutes 215 II. Regulations 216 III. Source Selection 216 A. Vendor Registration 216 B. Competitive Bids 216 C. Sealed Bids 217 D. Reverse Auctioning 217 E. Negotiation 217 F. Purchases under Other Prescribed Conditions and Procedures 218 G. Specifications 218 H. Contract Award 218 I. Attorney General to Approve Certain Contracts 219 J. Prequalification of State Contractors 219 K. Professional and Consultant Services; Alternative Delivery Methods 219 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 219 A. Bid Protests 219 B. Bid Protest Appeals 220 C. Contract Claims 220 D. Suspension and Debarment 220 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 221 A. Administrative Review 221 B. Judicial Review 221 1. Jurisdiction and Venue 221 2. Initiation of Action: Form of Action 221 3. Standing 221 4. Nonfinal Agency Actions 221 5. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies 221 6. Time for Filing Petition and Service 222 7. Stay and Temporary Remedies 222 8. Relief on Final Disposition 222 9. Review by Higher Court 222 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 222 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 223 A. Authority 223 B. Requirements 223 Kentucky Procurement Rules and Regulations 225 I. Statutory Reference 225 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 225 II. Regulations 226 III. Source Selection 226 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 226 B. Competitive Negotiation 226 C. Noncompetitive Negotiation 227 D. Small Purchases by State Governmental Bodies 227 E. Cancellation of Invitations for Bids or Requests for Proposals 227 F. Responsibility of Bidders and Offerors 227 G. Prequalification of Suppliers 228 H. Specifications 228 I. Bid Bonds 228 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 228 A. Bid Protests 228 B. Bid Protest Appeals 229 C. Contract Disputes 229 1. Contract Claims 229 2. Contract Claims Appeals 230 D. Suspension and Debarment 230 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 230 A. Administrative Review 230 B. Judicial Review 230 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 231 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 231 A. Authority 231 B. Requirements 231 Louisiana Procurement Rules and Regulations 233 I. Statutory Reference 233 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 233 B. Other Applicable Statutes 234 1. Public Bid Law 234 2. State Lease-Purchase Act 234 3. Telecommunications Procurement 234 4. Contracting Initiatives 234 5. Retention and Employment of Attorneys 235 6. Licensing 235 7. Public Records Law 235 8. Ethics 235 9. Prohibitions in Public Government Contracts and Procurement 236 II. Regulations 236 III. Source Selection 240 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 240 1. Applicability 240 2. Invitations to Bid 240 3. Notice 241 4. Bid Requirements 241 5. Pre-Bid Conferences 242 6. Opening and Evaluation of Bids 242 7. Contract Awards 242 B. Competitive Sealed Proposals (Requests for Proposals) 242 1. Applicability 242 2. Notice 243 3. RFP Requirements 243 4. Written or Oral Discussions 243 5. Contract Award/Approval 244 C. Small Purchases 244 D. Reverse Auctions 244 1. Applicability 244 2. Notice 244 3. Vendor Registration and Qualification 244 4. The Bidding Process and Requirements 245 E. Sole Source Contracts 245 F. Emergency Contracts 245 1. Applicability 245 2. Procedures 246 G. Other Procurement Methods 246 1. Unstable Market Conditions 246 2. Group Purchasing 246 3. Used Equipment 247 H. Responsibility 247 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 248 A. Bid Protests 248 B. Bid Protest Appeals 248 C. Contract Disputes 248 1. Proceedings before the CPO or Commissioner 248 2. Administrative Appeals 249 D. Suspension and Debarment 249 1. Proceedings before the CPO 249 2. Administrative Appeals 250 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 250 A. Administrative Review 250 B. Judicial Review 250 C. Damages 251 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 251 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 252 A. Authority 252 B. Requirements 252 Maine Procurement Rules and Regulations 253 I. Statutory Reference 253 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 253 1. Construction 253 2. Procurement of Goods, Services, Supplies, and Equipment 254 B. Other Applicable Statutes 255 II. Regulations 257 III. Source Selection 258 A. Purchases by Competitive Bidding—Goods 258 1. Registry of Suppliers 259 2. Request for Proposals 259 3. Alternate Bids 259 4. Tie Bids 260 5. Determination of Best-Value Bidder 260 6. Vendor’s Fee 260 7. Condition of Doing Business with the State 260 8. Unlawful Purchases 260 9. Performance Bonds 261 10. Public Notice and Review of Bids; Changes to Bid Initiation 261 11. State Purchasing Code of Conduct 261 B. Personal Services Contracting 261 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 263 A. Bid Protests 263 1. Stay 263 B. Bid Protest Appeals 263 1. Appeal Committee 263 2. Final Agency Action 264 C. Contract Claims 264 D. Suspension and Debarment 264 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 265 A. Administrative Review 265 B. Judicial Review 265 1. Commencement of Proceedings 265 2. Contents of Petition 265 3. Deadline to File Petition 265 4. Service 265 5. Stay by the Court 265 6. Responsive Pleading 266 7. Manner and Scope of Review 266 8. Appeal to Supreme Judicial Court 266 C. Judicial Decisions 266 1. De-Appropriation of Funds 266 2. Agency Discretion 267 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 268 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 268 A. Authority 268 B. Requirements 268 Maryland Procurement Rules and Regulations 269 I. Statutory Reference 269 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 269 B. Other Applicable Statutes 270 1. Lobbying 270 2. Pay-to-Play 270 3. Maryland Department of Transportation Minority Business Enterprise/Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program 270 4. Video Lottery Facility Location Commission 270 5. University System of Maryland 270 6. The Board of Public Works Procurement Advisories 270 7. Governor’s Office of Performance Improvement 271 II. Regulations 271 III. Source Selection 271 A. Methods of Source Selection 271 B. Procurement Preferences 272 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 273 A. Bid Protests 273 B. Bid Protest Appeals 273 C. MSBCA 274 1. Protests 274 2. Contract Claims 274 D. Contract Disputes 275 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 275 A. Administrative Review 275 B. Judicial Review 275 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 276 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 276 A. Authority 276 B. Requirements 276 Massachusetts Procurement Rules and Regulations 277 I. Statutory Reference 277 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 277 1. Uniform Procurement Act 277 B. Other Applicable Statutes 278 1. Conduct of Public Officials and Employees (MGL ch. 268A) 278 2. Lobbying 278 3. Small Business Purchasing Program 278 4. Environmental Purchasing Policy 278 5. Public Construction Laws 278 6. Designer Selection Laws 278 II. Regulations 279 III. Source Selection 279 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 279 A. Bid Protests 279 B. Bid Protest Appeals 280 C. Contract Disputes 280 1. Contract Claims 280 2. Contract Claims Appeals 281 D. Suspension and Debarment 281 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 281 A. Administrative Review 281 B. Judicial Review 281 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 282 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 282 A. Authority 282 B. Requirements 283 Michigan Procurement Rules and Regulations 285 I. Statutory Reference 285 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 286 1. DMB 286 2. Department of Transportation 286 B. Other Applicable Statutes 286 II. Regulations 287 III. Source Selection 288 A. Procurement Policy and Selected Regulatory Definitions 288 1. State Preference for Competitive Bidding and for Michigan Firms 288 2. Prohibition of Sole Source Contracts 288 3. Vendor Registration 289 4. Limitation of Solicitation to Prequalified Vendors 289 5. Preference for Disabled-Veteran Contractors 289 6. Preference for Disabled Contractors 289 7. Environmental/Recycled Material Preferences 289 8. Debarring/Penalizing Contractors 290 9. Bid Submission 290 10. Bidder’s Responsibility to Notify Agency of Faulty Bidding Requirements 290 11. Bid Withdrawal 290 B. MDOT 291 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 291 A. Bid Protests 291 1. Standing for Bid Protests 292 2. Bid Protest Remedies 292 B. Bid Protest Appeals 292 V. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 293 VI. Cooperative Purchasing 293 A. Authority 293 B. Requirements 293 Minnesota Procurement Rules and Regulations 295 I. Statutory Reference 295 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 295 1. General State Procurement Statutes (Including MMD) 295 2. Other Competitive Bidding Statutes 296 3. Other Professional and Technical Services Statutes 296 B. Other Applicable Statutes 296 1. Minnesota Constitution Provisions 296 2. Agency Authority 296 3. Causes of Action 296 4. Minnesota Uniform Commercial Code 296 5. Other Governmental Units 296 6. Record Keeping 297 7. Other Contracting Requirements 297 8. Lobbying Laws 297 9. Ethics and Anti-Bribery Statutes 297 10. Minnesota False Claims Act 298 II. Regulations 298 A. Bidding and Contracts 298 B. Small Business Procurement Program 299 C. Debarment and Suspension 299 III. Source Selection 300 A. Regulatory Sources and Statutory Definitions 300 1. Types of Contracts Determine the Procedures and Rules Used 300 2. Selected Statutory Definitions 300 B. Competitive Bids 300 1. Publication Requirement 300 2. Formal versus Informal Solicitation 300 3. Simplified Acquisitions 300 4. Exceptions to Solicitation Process 301 C. Negotiations 301 1. Architecture, Surveying, Geological, and Engineering Contracts 301 2. Design-Build, Construction Manager at Risk, and Job Order Contracts 301 D. Reverse Auctions 301 E. Other Procurement Issues 302 1. Electronic Vendor Registration 302 2. Newsletter of State Procurement Office 302 3. Bid Rules/Procedures 302 F. Types of Contracts 302 1. Design-Build Contract 302 2. Construction Manager at Risk 303 3. Job Order Contracting 303 4. Professional or Technical Services Contract 303 5. Service Contract 304 G. Targeted Group/Economically Disadvantaged (TG/ED) Small Business Program 304 1. Must Be a Minnesota-Based “Small Business” 304 2. Must Be Certified by the Administration Department 304 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 304 A. Informal Review Process 305 B. Bid Protests 305 1. Bid Protest Rules May Be in the RFB Itself 305 2. Award of Solicitation 305 3. Rejection of Bids 305 4. Relief Available for Bid Protests 306 C. Bid Protest Appeals 307 D. Contract Disputes 307 1. Contract Claims 307 2. Contract Claims Appeals 308 E. Suspension and Debarment 308 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 308 A. Administrative Review 308 B. Judicial Review 308 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 309 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 309 A. Authority 309 B. Requirements 309 Mississippi Procurement Rules and Regulations 311 I. Statutory Reference 311 A. Public Construction Contracts 311 B. Public Works Contracts 311 C. Public Purchases 311 D. Public Leases of Buildings, Facilities, and Equipment 311 E. Surplus Property 311 F. Counties Utility Services 311 G. Education Transportation and Textbooks 312 H. Correctional System Operation and Management 312 I. Airport Authorities 312 J. Highways, Roads, and Bridges 312 K. Public Utilities 312 II. Regulations 312 A. Procuring Agency Regulations 312 B. Service Contracts: PPRB 312 C. Purchase/Lease/Rental of Commodities and Equipment: Mississippi Bureau of Purchasing and Contracting 312 D. Construction Contracts: Mississippi Bureau of Building, Grounds, and Real Property Management 313 III. Source Selection 313 A. Purchase/Lease/Rental of Commodities or Equipment 313 1. Contracts Not over $5,000 313 2. Contracts over $5,000 but Not over $50,000 313 3. Contracts over $50,000 313 B. Service Contracts 313 1. Contracts under $75,000 313 2. Contracts over $75,000 313 3. Exempt Contracts 313 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 314 A. Bid Protests 314 B. Contract Disputes 316 C. Suspension and Debarment 316 1. PPRB 316 2. Mississippi Board of Contractors 316 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 317 A. Administrative Review 317 B. Judicial Review 317 1. Appeals from Decisions of Counties and Municipalities 317 2. Appeals from Decision of Agency 317 VI. Extent of Mississippi’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 318 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 318 A. Authority 318 B. Requirements 319 1. Statewide Cooperative Contracts 319 2. Multi-State Cooperative Contracts 320 Missouri Procurement Rules and Regulations 321 I. Statutory Reference 321 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 321 B. Other Applicable Statutes 323 II. Regulations 324 III. Source Selection 325 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 325 A. Bid Protests 325 B. Bid Protest Appeals 326 C. Contract Disputes 326 D. Suspension and Debarment 326 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 327 A. Administrative Review 327 B. Judicial Review 327 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 328 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 328 A. Authority 328 B. Requirements 329 Montana Procurement Rules and Regulations 331 I. Statutory Reference 331 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 331 B. Other Applicable Statutes 333 II. Regulations 333 III. Source Selection 335 A. Methods of Source Selection—Authorization for Alternative Procurement Methods 335 B. Competitive Sealed Bidding 336 C. Competitive Sealed Proposals 336 D. Small Purchases and Limited Solicitation 336 E. Sole Source Procurement 336 F. Cancellation of Invitations for Bids or Requests for Proposals 336 G. Types of Contracts 337 H. Contracts—Terms, Extensions, and Time Limits 337 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 337 A. Bid Protests 337 B. Bid Protest Appeals 337 C. Contract Disputes 337 D. Suspension and Debarment 337 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 338 A. Administrative Review 338 B. Judicial Review 338 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 338 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 338 A. Authority 338 B. Requirements 339 Nebraska Procurement Rules and Regulations 341 I. Statutory Reference 341 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 341 B. Other Applicable Statutes 342 II. Regulations 342 III. Source Selection 344 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 344 B. Competitive Informal Bids 344 C. Unrestricted Open Market Purchase 344 D. Federal General Services Administration Contracts 345 E. Multi-State Purchasing Contracts 345 F. Sole Source Procurement 345 G. Emergency Procurement 345 H. Professional Services 345 I. Other Exceptions 345 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 346 A. Bid Protests 346 B. Bid Protest Appeals 346 C. Contract Disputes 346 D. Suspension and Debarment 347 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 347 A. Administrative Review 347 B. Judicial Review 347 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 347 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 347 A. Authority 347 B. Requirements 348 Nevada Procurement Rules and Regulations 349 I. Statutory Reference 349 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 349 B. Other Applicable Statutes 359 1. Required Disclosures for Certain Candidates and Elected Public Officers 359 2. Required Disclosures for Appointed Public Officers 359 3. Acknowledgment of Statutory Ethical Standards 359 4. Agency Representation Disclosure 360 5. Ethics in Government: Prohibitions 360 6. Additional Requirements, Ethical Standards, Remedies, and Penalties 360 II. Regulations 360 III. Source Selection 361 A. Small Purchases 361 B. Competitive Bidding 362 C. Preference for Bid by Nevada-Based Business 362 D. Sole Source Procurement 362 E. Emergency Procurement 362 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 362 A. Bid Protests 362 1. Standing 362 2. Form and Filing 362 3. Stay of Procurement 363 4. Decision 363 B. Bid Protest Appeals 363 1. Standing 363 2. Form and Filing 363 3. Decision 363 C. Contract Disputes 363 D. Suspension and Debarment 364 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 364 A. Administrative Review 364 B. Judicial Review 364 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 365 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 365 A. Authority 365 B. Requirements 365 1. Solicitation 365 2. Authorization 365 3. Competitive Bidding and Exceptions 365 4. Not Applicable Where Contractor’s License Required 367 5. The Soliciting Entity Is Not Liable for the Governing Body’s Contractual Obligations 367 New Hampshire Procurement Rules and Regulations 369 I. Statutory Reference 369 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 369 B. Other Applicable Statutes 370 1. Bribery, Gifts, and Gratuities 370 2. Lobbyists 370 II. Regulations 370 III. Source Selection 370 A. Competitive Bidding 370 1. Multiagency Contracts 370 2. Major Projects 371 3. Competition Thresholds for Cities and Counties 371 B. Sole Source Procurement 371 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 371 A. Bid Protests 371 1. Pre-Adjudicative Proceeding Procedures 371 2. Form and Filing 372 3. Stay of Procurement 372 4. Decision 372 B. Bid Protest Appeals 372 C. Contract Disputes 372 D. Suspension and Debarment 372 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 373 A. Administrative Review 373 B. Judicial Review 373 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 373 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 373 A. Authority 373 B. Requirements 373 New Jersey Procurement Rules and Regulations 375 I. Statutory Reference 375 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 375 II. Regulations 375 III. Source Selection 376 A. DPP’s Procedures for Formal, Advertised, Competitive Procurement 376 1. Advertising 376 2. Requirements for Bidding 376 3. Bid Security and Bid Performance Security 377 4. Receipt of Proposals 377 5. Evaluation of Proposals 377 6. Bypassing Low Bidder for Poor Past Performance 378 7. Lowest Price, Responsive Procurements 378 8. Tie Proposals 378 9. Preference Laws: Out-of-State Vendors 378 B. Exceptions to Formal, Advertised, Competitive Procurement 378 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 379 A. Bid Protests 379 1. Pre-Award Protests 379 2. Post-Award Protests 379 3. Discovery Procedures in Protests 380 B. Bid Protest Appeals 380 C. Contract Disputes 380 1. State Claims against Contractor 380 2. Contractor Claims against the State 382 D. Suspension and Debarment 382 1. Grounds for Debarment 382 2. Conditions Affecting Debarment 384 3. Procedure Relating to Debarment 384 4. Grounds for Suspension 385 5. Procedures for Suspension 385 6. Extent of Suspension or Debarment 385 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 385 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 386 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 386 A. Authority 386 B. Requirements 386 1. Joining Cooperative Agreements 386 2. Leading a Cooperative Agreement 387 New Mexico Procurement Rules and Regulations 389 I. Statutory Reference 389 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 389 B. Other Applicable Statutes 389 II. Regulations 390 III. Source Selection 390 A. Small Purchases 391 B. Sole Source Procurement 391 C. Emergency Procurement 392 D. Procurement under Existing Contracts 392 E. Resident Preferences 392 F. Contracts 392 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 392 A. Bid Protests 392 B. Bid Protest Appeals 393 C. Contract Disputes 393 1. Contract Claims 393 2. Contract Claims Appeals 393 D. Suspension and Debarment 393 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 394 A. Administrative Review 394 B. Judicial Review 395 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 396 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 396 A. Authority 396 B. Requirements 397 New York Procurement Rules and Regulations 399 I. Statutory Reference 399 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 399 B. Other Applicable Statutes 399 II. Regulations 400 III. Source Selection 401 A. IFB 401 B. RFP 401 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 402 A. Informal Dispute Resolution 402 1. Centralized Contract 402 2. Authorized User Dissatisfaction 402 3. Negotiations 402 4. Extension of Time 402 B. Formal Dispute 402 1. Solicitation 402 2. Award 403 3. Administration 403 4. Standing 403 5. Form and Filing 403 6. Stay of Procurement 403 7. Hearing 403 8. Decision 403 C. Appeal 403 1. Deadline 404 2. Form and Filing 404 3. Hearing 404 4. Decision 404 D. Suspension and Debarment 404 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 404 A. Administrative Review 404 B. Judicial Review 404 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 405 North Carolina Procurement Rules and Regulations 407 I. Statutory and Other References 407 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 407 B. Other Applicable Statutes, Regulations, and Executive Orders 408 1. Statutes Governing Improper Influence over Public Procurement 408 2. North Carolina False Claims Act 409 3. Procurement Preferences and Offshoring Constraints 410 II. Regulations 411 III. Source Selection 412 A. State Non-IT Procurements 412 1. Non-IT Purchasing/Delegation Benchmarks 412 2. Small Purchasing of Non-IT Goods and Services 413 3. Non-IT Sole Source Procurement/Waiver of Competition 413 4. Design-Build/Public-Private Partnerships 414 5. Prequalification in Public Construction Contracts 414 6. Emergency Purchasing of Non-IT Goods and Services 414 B. State IT Procurements 415 1. Benchmarks for IT Procurement 415 2. IT Procurement Process 415 3. Sole Source Procurement/Waiver of Competition for IT Procurements 415 4. Emergency Purchasing of IT Goods and Services 416 5. Debriefing of IT Procurement Awards 416 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 416 A. Bid Protests of Non-IT Awards 416 1. Stay of Non-IT Awards during Protest 417 2. Bid Protest Decision 417 3. Appeals of Non-IT Bid Protests to the Office of Administrative Hearings 417 B. Bid Protests of IT Contract Awards 418 1. Further Administrative Review by the State CIO after Protest Decision 418 C. Contract Claims 418 D. Suspension and Debarment 419 1. Default, Disqualification, and Debarment 419 2. Debarred Vendor List 419 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 420 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 420 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 420 A. Authority 420 B. Requirements 421 North Dakota Procurement Rules and Regulations 423 I. Statutory Reference 423 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 423 B. Other Applicable Statutes 425 II. Regulations 426 III. Source Selection 426 A. Procurement Policy and Regulatory Definitions 426 1. State Bidding Policy: Lowest Responsible Bidder 426 2. Types of Contracts and Selected Definitions 427 B. Competitive Bids 427 1. Pre-Bid Notice Requirements (Advertisements) 427 2. Competitive Bidding Requirements 429 3. Exceptions to Competitive Bidding 432 4. Limited Competitive Procurements 432 5. Noncompetitive Procurements 433 6. Emergency Procurement 433 C. Rules for Specific Contract Types 433 1. Contracting for Architect/Engineering Services 433 2. NDDOT 434 3. Purchasing Laws Relating to Printing and Newspapers 435 4. Information Technology Purchases 435 D. Vendor Preferences 435 E. Affirmative Action and Nondiscrimination Obligations 436 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 436 A. Bid Protests 436 1. Public Improvements (Injunctive Relief) 436 2. OMB 437 B. Bid Protest Appeals 437 1. Public Improvements (Injunctive Relief) 437 2. OMB 437 C. Contract Disputes 438 1. Public Improvements or the OMB 438 2. NDDOT (Arbitration) 438 3. Suits by Subcontractors or Other Providers of Goods and Services 440 4. Contract Claim Appeals 440 D. Suspension and Debarment 441 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 441 A. Administrative Review 441 B. Judicial Review 441 1. Public Improvement Bid Protests (Injunctive Relief) 441 2. Review of Administrative Decisions 442 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 442 VII. Cooperative Purchasing Agreements 442 A. Authority 442 B. Requirements 443 Ohio Procurement Rules and Regulations 445 I. Statutory Reference 445 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 445 1. Department of Administrative Services 445 2. Ohio Department of Transportation 445 3. Counties 445 4. Municipal Corporations 446 5. Controlling Board 446 II. Regulations 446 III. Source Selection 447 A. Contracts with the State (DAS) 447 B. Competitive Bidding 447 1. Invitation to Bid 447 2. Bid Opening and Tabulation 447 3. Bid Evaluation and Contract Award 447 4. Choosing Bidder Other Than the Lowest Responsive and Responsible 447 5. Rejecting All Bids 448 6. Absolute Deadline 448 7. Winning Bid Requirements 448 8. Contract Formation 448 9. Notice to Proceed 448 10. Restrictions on Contract Formation 448 C. Non-ODOT Construction Guaranty Requirements 449 1. Bid Guaranties 449 2. Bond Withdrawal 449 3. Bond Reductions 450 4. County and Municipal Road Construction Projects 450 D. State Highway Construction 450 1. ODOT 450 2. Competitive Bidding Exceptions 451 3. Competitive Bidding 451 4. Contractor Prequalification 453 E. Non-Construction Source Selection Techniques 453 1. Architectural, Construction Management, and Other Professional Service Procurement 453 2. Employing a Construction Manager 454 F. Procurement of Goods and Non-Professional Services 455 1. DAS 455 2. Counties 455 3. Municipal Corporations 455 G. Bond Requirements 455 1. The State 455 2. Counties 455 3. Municipal Corporations 456 4. Bond Reduction 456 H. Preferences and Set-Aside Programs 456 1. Local Construction Preferences 456 2. Non-Construction Preferences 456 3. Model Preference System 457 4. Set-Aside Programs 457 5. Encouraging Diversity, Growth, and Equity Program 458 6. EDGE Business Enterprise 458 7. EDGE Eligibility 458 8. EDGE Benefits 458 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 458 A. Bid Protests 458 1. Award Other Than to the Lowest Responsive and Responsible Bidder 458 2. Protest Letter 459 3. Forum Selection and Standing 459 4. Remedies 459 B. Contract Disputes 460 1. Pre-Completion Disputes 460 2. Construction and Public Improvement Contracts 460 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 460 A. Standard of Review 460 1. Abuse of Discretion 460 2. Injunction Standard 461 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 461 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 461 A. Authority 461 B. Requirements 462 Oklahoma Procurement Rules and Regulations 463 I. Statutory Reference 463 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 463 B. Other Applicable Statutes 467 II. Regulations 468 A. OMES 468 B. OMES 468 III. Source Selection 469 A. Formal Competitive Bidding—Sealed Bid Submission 469 1. Goods and Services 469 2. Information Technology Goods and Services 469 3. Construction 469 B. Small Purchases—Open Market Acquisitions 469 1. Goods and Services 469 2. Information Technology Goods or Services 469 3. Construction 469 C. Emergency Procurement 470 1. Goods and Services 470 2. Construction 470 D. Sole Source Procurement 470 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 470 A. Bid Protests 470 B. Bid Protest Appeals 471 1. Supplier Appeal 471 2. Stay 471 3. Appeal Hearing 471 4. Conduct of Administrative Hearing 471 5. Authority of the Administrative Law Judge 472 6. Remedies 472 7. Supplier Appeal of OMES Director Denial 472 C. Contract Disputes 472 1. Goods and Services (OAC § 260:115-9-1) 472 2. Construction 473 D. Suspension and Debarment 473 1. Suspension 473 2. Debarment 474 3. Suspended/Debarred Vendor List 475 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 475 A. Administrative Review 475 B. Judicial Review 475 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 475 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 475 A. Authority 475 B. Requirements 476 Oregon Procurement Rules and Regulations 477 I. Statutory Reference 477 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 477 II. Regulations 485 III. Source Selection 486 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding/Competitive Sealed Proposals 486 B. Small Procurements 486 C. Intermediate Procurements 486 D. Sole Source Procurements 486 E. Emergency Procurements and Special Procurements 486 F. Professional Services 487 G. Construction Services 487 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 487 A. Bid Protests 487 1. Standing 487 2. Deadline 487 3. Grounds of Protest 487 4. Decision 488 5. Stay 488 B. Bid Protest Appeals 488 C. Contract Disputes 488 D. Suspension and Debarment 488 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 489 A. Administrative Review 489 B. Judicial Review 489 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 489 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 489 A. Authority 489 B. Requirements 489 Pennsylvania Procurement Rules and Regulations 491 I. Statutory Reference 491 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 491 II. Regulations 491 III. Source Selection 492 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 492 B. Competitive Sealed Proposals 492 C. Small Procurement 492 D. Sole Source Procurement 493 E. Emergency Procurements 493 F. Multiple-Award Contracts 493 G. Other 494 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 494 A. Bid Protests 494 1. Standing 494 2. Form of Protest 494 3. Deadlines 494 4. Stay of Procurement 494 5. Evaluation Procedures 495 6. Determination 495 B. Bid Protest Appeals 495 1. Deadlines 495 2. Appeal Record 495 3. Standard of Review 496 4. Remedy 496 C. Contract Disputes 496 1. Right to File Claim 496 2. Contracting Officer Determination 496 D. Appeals to the Board of Claims 496 1. Deadlines 496 2. Pleading Requirements 497 3. Hearing 497 4. Decision 497 5. Appeal to Commonwealth Court 497 E. Suspension and Debarment 497 1. Cause for Suspension or Debarment 497 2. Standard and Basis of Decision 498 3. Effect 498 4. Finality of Decision 499 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 499 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 499 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 499 A. Authority 499 1. Cooperative Purchasing Administered by DGS 499 2. Cooperative Purchasing Administered by the Purchasing Agency 499 B. Requirements 500 Puerto Rico Procurement Rules and Regulations 501 I. Statutory Reference 501 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 501 1. State Government Procurement 501 B. Other Applicable Statutes 502 1. Ethics Laws 502 2. Contracts Registry 505 C. Opinions of the Office of the Attorney General 505 II. Regulations 505 III. Source Selection 507 A. Traditional Bid Process 507 1. Invitation to Bid 507 2. Presentation of the Offer 507 3. Evaluation and Adjudication 508 B. Public-Private Partnerships 508 C. Requests for Proposals 508 D. Bonds 508 E. Mandatory Contract Provisions 509 F. Socioeconomic Policies 510 1. Preference Procurement Act 510 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 511 A. Bid Protests 511 B. Bid Protest Appeals 511 C. Contract Disputes 511 D. Suspension and Debarment 512 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 512 A. Administrative Review 512 B. Judicial Review 512 1. Summary of Selected Decisions 512 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 515 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 515 A. Authority 515 B. Requirements 515 Rhode Island Procurement Rules and Regulations 517 I. Statutory Reference 517 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 517 B. Other Applicable Statutes 520 II. Regulations 520 III. Source Selection 521 A. Small Purchases 521 B. Rhode Island Vendor Information Program and Ocean State Procures 521 C. Contract Solicitation 522 D. Noncompetitive Negotiation 522 E. Competitive Bidding 523 1. Administration and Bid Specification 523 2. Bid/Proposal Procedures 523 3. Exceptions to Competitive Bidding Requirements 524 F. Construction Manager At-Risk Services 524 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 526 A. Bid Protests 526 B. Contract Disputes 527 1. Contract Claims 527 2. Contract Claims Appeals 528 C. Suspension and Debarment 528 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 529 A. Administrative Review 529 B. Judicial Review 529 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 530 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 531 A. Authority 531 B. Requirements 531 South Carolina Procurement Rules and Regulations 533 I. Statutory Reference 533 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 533 B. Ethics Laws 534 C. Public Records 535 II. Regulations 537 A. Guidance for Agencies 538 III. Source Selection 539 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding (Invitation for Bids) 539 B. Negotiations after Unsuccessful Competitive Sealed Bidding 539 C. Fixed Price Bidding 540 D. Competitive Best Value Bidding 540 E. Reverse Auctions 540 F. CSPs 540 G. Competitive Negotiations 541 H. Sole Source 542 I. Emergency 542 J. Auction and Bankruptcy 543 K. Qualifications-Based Selection 543 L. Small Purchase Procedures 543 M. Unsolicited Proposals 543 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 543 A. Bid Protests 543 B. Bid Protest Appeals 545 C. Contract Disputes 545 1. Contract Claims 545 2. Contract Claims Appeals 546 D. Suspension and Debarment 546 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 547 A. Administrative Review 547 B. Judicial Review 547 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 547 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 547 A. Authority 547 B. Requirements 548 South Dakota Procurement Rules and Regulations 549 I. Statutory Reference 549 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 549 1. Generally 549 2. Bonds and Payments 550 3. School District Purchases and Contracts 550 4. Roads and Highways 550 B. Other Applicable Statutes 550 1. South Dakota Constitution 550 2. Contracts 550 3. Uniform Commercial Code 551 4. Administrative Law 551 5. Remedies 551 6. Legislative Lobbying 551 C. Opinions by Attorney General 551 II. Regulations 551 A. Highway Construction Contracts 552 III. Source Selection 552 A. Procurement Policy and Regulatory Definitions 552 1. State Bidding Policy: Lowest Responsible Bidder or Offeror 552 2. Selected Regulatory Definitions 552 B. Procurement in South Dakota Generally 553 1. Registration Requirement 553 2. OPM 553 C. General Methods of Awarding Contracts 553 1. Competitive Sealed Bids 554 2. Competitive Sealed Proposals 555 3. Limited or Noncompetitive Small Purchases 556 4. Noncompetitive Sole Source Procurement 556 5. Noncompetitive Emergency Procurement 556 D. Procurement of Public Improvements 556 1. Public Improvement Bid General Contents and Procedure 557 2. Awarding the Public Improvement Contract 558 E. Highways, Roads, and Bridges 559 1. Department of Transportation (State Trunk Highway Procurement) 559 2. County Roads Procurement 560 3. Municipal Road Procurement 560 4. Bridge Procurement 560 F. Rules for Special Contract Types 560 1. School District Purchasing 560 2. Purchases by Local Government 561 3. Computer and Technology Purchases 561 G. South Dakota Vendor Preference Laws 561 H. Affirmative Action and Nondiscrimination Laws 561 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 562 A. Bid Protests 562 1. Bid Protest Procedure 562 2. Standing for Bid Protests 563 3. Bid Protest Remedies 563 B. Bid Protest Appeals 563 C. Contract Disputes 563 D. Suspension and Debarment 563 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 564 A. Administrative Review 564 B. Judicial Review 564 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 564 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 564 A. Authority 564 B. Requirements 564 Tennessee Procurement Rules and Regulations 565 I. Statutory Reference 565 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 565 B. Other Applicable Statutes 569 II. Regulations 569 III. Source Selection 570 A. Informal Solicitations and Small Purchases 570 B. Invitation to Bid 570 C. Request for Proposals 570 D. Emergency Purchases 570 E. Competitive Negotiation 570 F. Sole Source 570 G. Reverse Auction 571 H. Request for Information 571 I. RFQ 571 J. Negotiation with Vendors Who Maintain a General Services Administration Price Agreement 571 K. Purchase or Contract for Utilities and Services 571 L. Proprietary Procurement 571 M. Tennessee Rehabilitative Initiative in Correction 571 N. Central Nonprofit Agency 572 O. Blind Services 572 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 572 A. Bid Protests 572 1. Deadlines 572 2. Standing 572 3. Form and Filing 572 4. Stay of Procurement 573 5. Decision 573 B. Bid Protest Appeals 573 C. Contract Disputes 573 D. Suspension and Debarment 574 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 574 A. Administrative Review 574 B. Judicial Review 574 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 574 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 574 A. Authority 574 B. Requirements 574 Texas Procurement Rules and Regulations 577 I. Statutory Reference 577 A. Overview—State Purchasing Statutes 577 B. Other Applicable Statutes 581 II. Regulations 581 III. Source Selection 582 A. Informal Bidding 582 B. Invitation for Bid 582 C. Competitive Sealed Proposals 582 D. Request for Qualifications 582 E. Reverse Auctions 583 F. Alternative Delivery Methods 583 G. Multiple Award Contract Procedure 583 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 584 A. Bid Protests 584 1. Generally 584 2. Sample Procurement Protest Process—Comptroller’s Office 584 3. Necessary Elements 584 4. Stay of Procurement 585 5. Hearing 585 6. Decision Process 585 B. Bid Protest Appeals 585 C. Contract Disputes (Texas Government Code § 2260.001 et seq.) 586 1. Process 586 2. Negotiation (Texas Government Code § 2260.052) 586 3. Limitation on Damages (Texas Government Code § 2260.003) 587 D. Suspension and Debarment 587 1. Vendor Performance Program 587 2. Debarment 587 3. Debarment Process 588 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 588 A. Administrative Review 588 B. Judicial Review 588 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 588 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 589 A. Authority 589 B. Requirements 589 Utah Procurement Rules and Regulations 591 I. Statutory Reference 591 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 591 B. Other Applicable Statutes and Rules 591 1. Prevailing Wage Requirements 591 2. License Requirements 592 3. Prompt Payment Act 592 4. Insurance Requirements 592 II. Regulations 593 III. Source Selection 593 A. General Procurement 593 1. State Agency Processes 593 2. Local Processes 595 B. Architect/Engineering Procurement 596 1. State Agency Process 596 2. Local Government 597 C. Preferences 597 1. Minority Business Enterprises 597 2. Women-Owned Enterprises 597 3. Small Business 597 4. Local Preference 597 5. Other Preferences 597 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 598 A. Bid Protests 598 1. Forum and Procedures 598 2. Protests to the Protest Officer 598 3. Remedies 599 B. Bid Protest Appeals 600 1. Utah Procurement Policy Board and Procurement Appeals Panels 600 2. Utah Court of Appeals 602 C. Contract Disputes 602 1. Dispute Procedures 602 2. Administrative Remedies/Exhaustion 602 3. Court Jurisdiction and Venue 602 4. Arbitration 602 5. Alternative Dispute Resolution 602 6. Sovereign Immunity Issues 603 7. Construction Claims 603 8. Statutes of Limitations on Contract Claims 606 9. Additional Issues 607 D. Debarment and Suspension 607 1. Statutory Authority 607 2. Due Process Requirements 608 3. Grounds for Debarment or Suspension 608 4. Agency Rules 608 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 609 A. Administrative Review 609 B. Judicial Review 609 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 610 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 610 A. Authority 610 B. Requirements 610 Vermont Procurement Rules and Regulations 613 I. Statutory Reference 613 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 613 II. Regulations 614 III. Source Selection 615 A. Requisition for Supplies and Materials 615 1. Recycled Material 615 2. Vermont Bidders 615 3. Alternative Fuel Vehicles 615 4. Bids for the Sale of Apparel, Footwear, or Textiles 615 B. Contracting Requirements under Bulletin 3.5 616 1. Contracts for Less Than $15,000 616 2. Contracts Greater Than $15,000 but Not More Than $100,000 616 3. No-Cost Contracts 616 4. Information Technology and Information Security Contracts 616 5. Contracts for Installation, Maintenance, and Support or Training Services 617 6. Marketing Contracts 617 7. Contracts Greater Than $100,000 617 C. The Standard Bidding Process 617 1. RFP 617 2. Public Notice regarding the Standard Bid 617 3. Contractor Selection and Documentation 618 4. Conferences and Adjustments to Bid Documents 618 5. Bid Opening 618 6. Prequalified Bidding 618 7. Qualification-Based Selection 619 8. Exceptions and Waivers 619 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 620 A. Bid Protests 620 B. Bid Protest Appeals 620 C. Contract Disputes 620 1. Contract Claims 620 2. Contract Claims Appeals 620 D. Suspension and Debarment 620 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 621 A. Administrative Review 621 B. Judicial Review 621 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 621 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 621 A. Authority 621 B. Requirements 621 Virginia Procurement Rules and Regulations 623 I. Statutory Reference 623 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 623 B. Other Applicable Statutes 627 II. Regulations 627 III. Source Selection 627 A. Competitive Sealed Bidding 627 B. Competitive Negotiation 627 C. Sole Source Procurement 628 D. Professional Services 628 E. Construction Services 628 F. Design-Build/Construction Management 628 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 629 A. Bid Protests 629 B. Bid Protest Appeals 630 C. Contract Disputes 630 1. Contract Claims 630 2. Contract Claims Appeals 630 D. Suspension and Debarment 631 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 631 A. Administrative Review 631 B. Judicial Review 631 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 631 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 632 A. Authority 632 B. Requirements 632 Washington Procurement Rules and Regulations 633 I. Statutory Reference 633 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 633 B. Other Applicable Statutes 634 1. Contractor Registration 634 2. Prevailing Wage and Labor Hours Requirements 634 3. Public Disclosure Law 635 4. Worker Safety Requirements 635 5. Apprenticeship Requirements 635 6. Retainage 635 7. Performance and Payment Bonds 636 C. Additional Resources 636 II. Regulations 636 III. Source Selection 636 A. Construction (Public Works) 636 1. Public Works Defined 636 2. Selecting Contractors for Public Works Contracts 636 B. Goods, Equipment, and Services 642 1. DES 642 2. Other Agency Acquisitions 642 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 643 A. Bid Protests 643 B. Bid Protest Appeals 643 C. Contract Disputes 644 1. Contract Claims 644 2. Retainage Claims 644 3. Claims regarding Performance and Payment Bonds 644 4. Claims regarding Prompt Payment of Invoices, Withholding for Claims, Interest, and Attorney Fees 645 5. Notice Requirements for Claims 645 D. Suspension and Debarment 646 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 646 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 646 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 646 A. Authority 646 B. Requirements 647 West Virginia Procurement Rules and Regulations 649 I. Statutory Reference 649 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 649 B. Other Applicable Statutes 652 1. Preference for Use of Domestic Aluminum, Glass, and Steel in Public Works Contracts 652 2. West Virginia Jobs Act 652 3. Wages for Construction of Public Improvements 652 4. Prohibition on Contracting with Party in Default with State 652 5. Lobbying 653 6. Ethics Commission 653 7. Pay-to-Play Law 653 II. Regulations 653 III. Source Selection 653 A. Emergency Purchasing 653 B. Small Purchasing 654 C. Sole Source Procurement 654 D. Solicitation of Bids 654 1. RFQs 654 2. Best Value Procurement 655 3. Reverse Auctions 656 4. Design-Build 657 5. Construction Contracts 657 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 657 A. Bid Protests 657 1. Form and Filing 658 2. Stay 658 3. Decision 658 4. Judicial or Administrative Proceeding 658 B. Bid Protest Appeals 658 C. Contract Disputes 658 1. Form and Filing 658 2. Government Response 659 3. Negotiations 659 4. Briefing 659 5. Witnesses 659 6. Discovery 659 7. Hearing 660 8. Commission’s Determination 660 9. Shortened Procedures 661 10. Appeals Process 661 D. Suspension and Debarment 661 1. Grounds for Debarment 661 2. Debarment Procedure 661 3. Effects of Debarment 662 4. Suspended Vendor List 662 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 662 A. Administrative Review 662 B. Legislative Review 663 C. Judicial Review 663 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 663 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 663 A. Authority 663 B. Requirements 663 Wisconsin Procurement Rules and Regulations 665 I. Statutory Reference 665 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 665 1. General State Procurement Statutes 665 2. General Municipality Law 665 3. Procurement of Printing Services or Paper 666 4. Construction and Engineering Contracts 666 B. Other Applicable Law 666 1. Wisconsin Constitution Provisions 666 2. Administrative Procedure and Review 666 3. Causes of Action 666 4. Wisconsin Uniform Commercial Code 666 5. Other Governmental Units 666 6. Public Records and Open Meetings 666 7. Other Contracting Requirements 667 8. Lobbying Laws 667 9. Ethics and Anti-Bribery Statutes 667 10. Managing Bid Documents and Records 667 11. Appropriations and Budget Management 667 12. Employment Regulations 667 13. Affirmative Action Policies 667 C. Opinions of Attorney General 667 II. Regulations 668 III. Executive Orders 671 IV. Source Selection 671 A. Procurement Policy and Regulatory Definitions 671 1. State Bidding Policy 671 2. Legal and Public Notice Requirement 671 3. Selected Regulatory Definitions 671 B. Competitive Bidding 672 1. Sealed Bid Process 672 2. Simplified Bidding Procedures 672 3. Waiver of Bidding Process 672 C. Negotiations 673 1. Competitive Negotiation 673 2. Noncompetitive Negotiation (Sole Source Supplier) 673 D. Emergency Procurement 673 E. Special Rules for Specific Contract Types 673 1. Architect/Engineering Service Contracts 673 2. Construction Contracts 674 F. American and Wisconsin Vendor Preferences 675 G. Affirmative Action and Nondiscrimination Obligations 675 V. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 675 A. Bid Protests 676 B. Bid Protest Appeals 676 C. Contract Disputes 676 1. Contract Claims 676 D. Suspension and Debarment 678 VI. Administrative and Judicial Review 678 A. Administrative Review 678 B. Judicial Review 679 VII. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 679 VIII. Cooperative Purchasing 679 A. Authority 679 B. Requirements 680 Wyoming Procurement Rules and Regulations 681 I. Statutory Reference 681 A. Procurement/Purchasing Statutes 681 B. Other Applicable Statutes 682 II. Regulations 682 III. Source Selection 686 A. Voucher: General Accounting Expenditures Document 686 B. Purchase Order 686 C. Contract/Master Service Agreement 686 D. Small Purchasing 687 E. Competitive Sealed Bidding 687 F. Competitive Negotiation 687 G. Noncompetitive Negotiation 687 H. Emergency Procurement 687 I. Professional Services/Capital Construction Projects 687 1. Professional Services 688 2. Capital Construction Projects 688 IV. Bid Protests and Contract Disputes 688 A. Bid Protests 688 B. Contract Disputes 689 V. Administrative and Judicial Review 689 A. Administrative Review 689 B. Judicial Review 689 VI. Extent of State’s Adoption or Adaptation of ABA Model Procurement Code 690 VII. Cooperative Purchasing 690 A. Authority 690 B. Requirements 691

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe casebook was designed for four-hour, one-semester courses. It includes introductions that quickly orient students within unfamiliar territories. Cases present both the doctrine applied and, in some instances, the shortcomings of that doctrine. The authors express their disagreement about basic issues, so that students can experience the range of possible views in modern contract law. Contemporary subjects, such as form contracts, the modern concept of unconscionability, the rise of arbitration, and the increasing importance of computers in commercial transactions, are given considerable emphasis.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Tenth Edition continues the approach of earlier editions in emphasizing rich, full-bodied versions of the principal cases, a functionalist approach to the problems of contract law, and analytical notes on such issues as the differences between classical and modern contract law and the role of the limits of cognition in contract law. The new edition includes a great number of new principal cases and case notes, including new materials on consideration, duress, remedies, interpretation, indefiniteness, the statute of frauds, electronic contracting, "browse wrap agreements," and unilateral mistake.

Read more less

Book SynopsisContracts are vital to the construction delivery process; they direct and govern every move. This book strips the legal mystique and jargon from contracts and exposes their basic logic. It is presented in three parts, covering issues that arise during the three stages of contract administration: the components of contracts and methods of project delivery; tendering and sub-contracting; specific contracts and dealing with contract disputes. It is an essential guide for tertiary students of construction management, civil engineering, building and architecture, but also covers topics that are essential for practitioners in the construction industry.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith the increasing importance of the concept of remedies in European private law, this book focuses on remedies as a distinctive and novel field of European legal research. It considers the common law tradition (England and Wales), as well as the civil law viewpoint (on the example of Germany), making the case for a European law of remedies. It is argued that ‘remedies’ are an enforcement tool influencing the scope of substantive rights. In doing so, the book analyses different mechanisms of enforcement, including the debate on private versus public enforcement as well as the perspective of criminal law. The enforcement of rights is understood as an intradisciplinary task. Remedial law is, however, distinct from procedural law, as well as from substantive law in a narrow sense. Subsequent to defining the scope of a law of remedies, this book analyses several underlying principles and common themes. For example, the proportionality test is presented as fundamental principle in European remedial law. The value gained by identifying common ground is e. g. illustrated with respect to damages in European Private Law. Especially in IP law, in turn, the CJEU rulings and secondary European legislation confirm the importance of proportionate remedies. Moreover, within the law of remedies the function of each remedy can be analysed, and respective interests can be balanced. Further examples that reveal the importance of a sophisticated enforcement are the CJEU’s recent extension of the concept of communication to the public, the notice-and-take-down-procedure in intermediary liability cases and remedies for non-conformity of digital content or consumers’ remedies in European contract law. In German patent law, the development of grace periods and shareholders´ rights in German corporate law can be analysed from a “remedy” perspective as well. Overall, this book demonstrates that remedies are more than just an addendum and innovatively presents an emerging research area. As such, it is of great relevance to all lawyers concerned with questions surrounding the enforcement of rights: international academics as well as practitioners.Table of ContentsTHE ISSUE OF REMEDIES Introduction to the ‘Law of Remedies’ (p. 3) Remedies in English Private Law – A ‘Stand-Alone’ Research Area? (p. 27) Remedies in Private Law from a German Perspective (p. 45) Rights and Remedies in Public Law (p. 61) Economics of Remedies: The Perspective of Corporate Law (p. 81) MECHANISMS OF ENFORCEMENT Private Enforcement versus Public Enforcement (p. 107) Criminal Enforcement (p. 133) FUNCTIONS OF REMEDIES Disgorgement of Profits: Distributive and Deterrant Logics (p. 153) Preventive Liability and System of Sanctions in Tort (p. 169) UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES Common Principles of Damages in EU Private Law? (p. 197) A Manifesto on Proportionality and Copyright Law: ‘Taking Remedies Seriously’ (p. 223) Asking Innocent Third Parties for a Remedy: Origins and Trends (p. 233) REMEDIES IN CONTRACT LAW AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Remedies in European Contract Law: Themes and Controversies (p. 251) The Intersection between Economic Justifications for IP Rights and Cost of Enforcement in the English Courts (p. 275)

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe last two decades have witnessed the growth of new forms of entrepreneurial cooperation such as dynamic networks like virtual enterprises and enterprise pools. These business forms are often hybrid, having elements of both contract-based organizations and corporate forms, in particular partnership. This book examines the relative utility of contract and partnership law in fostering and maintaining these emerging business models, focusing on dynamic networks. The book analyzes how dynamic networks are organized and set up through, very often, collaborative contracts and how the behavior of their member firms is regulated. Good faith and fair dealing as a behavioral criterion in contractual and partnership relations, is an important theme of this work. The background and preconditions for the emergence and growth of such business forms is also investigated. The book contains case studies of such networks from different countries in particular Germany, Austria, Switzerland, England and Norway. It examines relevant legal rules in a number of jurisdictions such as England, Norway, Germany, Italy, France and the US. This detailed book will appeal to postgraduate students and academics in the fields of contract law, comparative law, partnership law and business/commercial law. Academics in other disciplines such as economics, sociology and business management will also find much to interest them in this study.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Case Studies 3. The Precontractual Stage 4. Post Formation of a Virtual Enterprise: Contractual Issues 5. Internal Relationship between the Parties During Performance: Good Faith as a Behavioural Criterion 6. Partnership Law Issues 7. Contractual Networks 8. Conclusion Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Research Handbook on EU Consumer and Contract Law takes stock of the evolution of this fascinating area of private law to date and identifies key themes for the future development of the law and research agendas. This major Handbook brings together contributions by leading academics from across the EU on the latest developments and controversies in these important areas of law. The Handbook is divided into three distinct and thematic parts: firstly, authors examine a range of cross-cutting issues relevant to both consumer and contract law. The second part discusses specific topics on EU consumer law, including the consumer image within EU law, information duties and unfair contract terms. The final part focuses on a number of important subjects which remain current in the development of EU contract law and presents a number of innovative solutions to the challenges presented in parts one and two. This timely and insightful Handbook will provide both a comprehensive survey of this area of law for the novice researcher and fresh food-for-thought for scholars who have been researching this area of law for many years.Contributors include: E.A. Amayuelas, H. Beale, J.M. Bech Serrat, C. Busch, R. Canavan, P. Cartwright, O.O. Cherednychenko, G. Comparato, G. Cordero-Moss, A. Cygan, L. Gillies, M. Graziadei, M.W. Hesselink, G. Howells, C. Mak, V. Mak, H.-W. Micklitz, B. Pozzo, P. Rott, J. Rutgers, J.M. Smits, Y. Svetiev, E.T.T. Tai, C. Twigg-Flesner, W.H. van Boom, J. Watson, F. ZollTrade Review'Professor Twigg-Flesner has assembled a talented and multinational team of scholars to work on this project and they have delivered a terrific book. It is comprehensive and ambitious, sensitive to the context in which the EU's involvement in consumer and contact law has developed over time, and moreover the book is not only a state of the art description of the law, it is also reform-minded and forward-looking.' --Stephen Weatherill, University of Oxford, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction: EU consumer and contract law at a crossroads? Christian Twigg-Flesner PART I CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES 1. A step too far? Constitutional objections to harmonisation of EU consumer and contract law Adam Cygan 2. The regulatory character of European private law Guido Comparato, Hans-W Micklitz and Yane Svetiev 3. The problems associated with the implementation of directives into national legal systems – a few examples from the codified legal traditions Fryderyk Zoll 4. Fostering a European legal identity through contract and consumer law Michele Graziadei 5. The impact of fundamental rights Olha O. Cherednychenko 6. The challenges of a multi-lingual approach Barbara Pozzo 7. Recent developments in the approximation of EU private international laws: towards mutual trust, mutual recognition and enhancing social justice in civil and commercial matters Lorna E. Gillies 8. Free movement and contract law Chantal Mak PART II CONSUMER LAW 9. The consumer image within EU law Peter Cartwright 10. The future of pre-contractual information duties: from behavioural insights to big data Christoph Busch 11. Withdrawal rights Jonathon Watson 12. Contracts of sale Rick Canavan 13. Unfair contract terms Peter Rott 14. Financial services and consumer protection Vanessa Mak 15. Services, including services of general interest Eric Tjong Tjin Tai 16. Consumer travel law Josep Maria Bech Serrat 17. Unfair commercial practices Willem H. van Boom 18. Consumer law enforcement and access to justice Geraint Howells PART III CONTRACT LAW 19. The story of EU contract law– from 2001 to 2014 Hugh Beale 20. The idea of an optional contract code Esther Arroyo Amayuelas 21. Standard contract terms as an alternative to legislation Giuditta Cordero-Moss 22. Contract theory and EU contract law Martijn W. Hesselink 23. European contract law and social justice Jacobien W. Rutgers 24. The future of contract law in Europe Jan M. Smits Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this volume, Victor Goldberg reassesses a collection of key contract law doctrines, largely through original economic analyses of well-known cases involving sophisticated parties. The results are thoughtful and provocative. They leave the impression that the law might produce more efficient consequences if contractual liability were more restrictive. Contracts teachers may well teach these and other cases differently after reading Goldberg's chapters.'- Steven J. Burton, The University of Iowa, US'This book offers valuable insights and new perspectives on the often thorny problems of contract law as it can - and does - affect 'sophisticated parties'. Lawyers as well as academics on both sides of the Atlantic will welcome the important contribution made here to the ongoing debates which rage continually within this core area of the law.'- Phillip Taylor MBE and Elizabeth Taylor, The Barrister MagazineContract law allows parties to set their own rules within constraints. It provides a set of default rules and if the parties do not like them, they can change them. Rethinking Contract Law and Contract Design explores various long-standing contract doctrines, casting them in a new and compelling light by focusing on the economics of contractual relations.Building upon and extending the arguments set forth in his acclaimed book Framing Contract Law, Goldberg revisits many of the seminal contract cases and places those decisions under close scrutiny, challenging readers, by means of forensic exploration of records, briefs, and other materials, to reconsider their conclusions. Split into four parts, the author examines direct damages, consequential damages, the excuses doctrines (including impossibility, impracticability and frustration), and offer and acceptance.Asking the questions that often go unasked, and challenging the assumptions silently accepted by the majority, one of Goldberg's many insightful observations, and an underlying thread to the book, is that achieving an economic understanding of contract design will illuminate both contract doctrine and contract interpretation.Written with clarity and poise, Rethinking Contract Law and Contract Design is set to ignite plenty of debate amongst contract scholars and contract drafters, and provides the anvil upon which future generations of contract thinking can be forged. Contract scholars and students interested in exploring new perspectives on the topic will find this to be an essential read, as will contract lawyers and judges.Trade Review‘In this volume, Victor Goldberg reassesses a collection of key contract law doctrines, largely through original economic analyses of well-known cases involving sophisticated parties. The results are thoughtful and provocative. They leave the impression that the law might produce more efficient consequences if contractual liability were more restrictive. Contracts teachers may well teach these and other cases differently after reading Goldberg’s chapters.’ -- Steven J. Burton, The University of Iowa, US‘This book offers valuable insights and new perspectives on the often thorny problems of contract law as it can – and does – affect ‘sophisticated parties’. Lawyers as well as academics on both sides of the Atlantic will welcome the important contribution made here to the ongoing debates which rage continually within this core area of the law.’ -- Phillip Taylor MBE and Elizabeth Taylor, The Barrister MagazineTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction PART I. Direct Damages 2. The Reliance-Flexibility Tradeoff and Remedies for Breach 3. Assessing Damages: Now or Then? 4. The Lost Volume Seller Problem and Why Michael Jordan Wasn’t One 5. Six Pennies for Your Thoughts: Freund v. Washington Square Press 6. Freund Through the Looking Glass: Chodos v. West Publishing Co. 7. Cleaning Up Lake River PART II. Consequential Damages 8. The “tacit assumption” and consequential damages 9. Buffalo’s Field of Dreams: Kenford Company v. Erie County 10. The Achilleas: Forsaking Foreseeability PART III. Excuse and Changed Circumstances 11. Excuse Doctrine: The Eisenberg Uncertainty Principle 12. After Frustration: Three Cheers for Chandler v Webster 13. A Precedent Built on Sand: NorCon v. Niagara Mohawk PART IV. Offer and Acceptance 14. Brown v. Cara, the Type II Preliminary Agreement, and the Option to Unbundle 15. Traynor (Drennan) v Hand (Baird): Much Ado About (Almost) Nothing 16. Concluding Remarks Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis accessible and innovative textbook adopts a practical, transactions-centered approach to contract law by using contract clauses to explain doctrinal concepts. While reading this book, students will gain a working knowledge of important contract provisions and learn how to use contracts to prevent problems, reduce risks, and add value to transactions.This textbook contains unique features including reflection prompts, case highlights, and ''applying what you learned'' exercises to reinforce learning and help students gain essential transactional skills. Law professor and contracts expert Nancy Kim focuses on litigation prevention with a problem-solving approach. She offers helpful tips to avoid potential pitfalls in drafting contracts and provides explanations for common contract clauses and their meanings. Access to a digital teacher's manual is available upon purchase of the book.The Fundamentals of Contract Law and Clauses will be an invaluable resource for both law and business students, specifically in contracts, commercial law, business law and other transactions-oriented classes.Contents: PART I INTRODUCTION PART II A ROADMAP TO A CONTRACT 1. The Purpose of a Contract and Contract Clauses 2. The Anatomy of a Contract 3. A Very Brief Overview of Contract Law PART III CONTRACT CLAUSES AND CONTRACT DOCTRINE 4. Common Contract Clauses Involving Contract Formation 5. Contract Clauses and Contract Enforceability 6. Contract Clauses and Issues Related to Performance and Breach 7. Contract Clauses and Parties Other Than the Original Parties to the Contract 8. Contract Clauses Addressing Remedies IndexTrade Review'Professor Kim's book is ideal for anyone interested in improving their contract negotiation skills. Through its blend of contract doctrine, case summaries, sample clauses and questions designed to encourage reflection, the book provides an ideal blend of contract theory and practice. The caveats on "greedy drafting" that are sprinkled throughout the book are unique and useful. These cautionary scenarios serve as a reminder that successful drafting of contract clauses requires consideration of both legal and ethical principles.' --George Siedel, University of Michigan'Professor Nancy Kim has continued her writing on modern contract law with this excellent introduction to contracts and contract clauses, aimed at both law students and middle managers who must deal with contracts despite their lack of formal legal training. Kim explains clearly and gives both good and bad examples of contract writing from the real world.' --Peter Linzer, University of HoustonTable of ContentsContents: PART I INTRODUCTION PART II A ROADMAP TO A CONTRACT 1. The Purpose of a Contract and Contract Clauses 2. The Anatomy of a Contract 3. A Very Brief Overview of Contract Law Part III CONTRACT CLAUSES AND CONTRACT DOCTRINE 4. Common Contract Clauses Involving Contract Formation 5. Contract Clauses and Contract Enforceability 6. Contract Clauses and Issues Related to Performance and Breach 7. Contract Clauses and Parties Other Than the Original Parties to the Contract 8. Contract Clauses Addressing Remedies Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis accessible and innovative textbook adopts a practical, transactions-centered approach to contract law by using contract clauses to explain doctrinal concepts. While reading this book, students will gain a working knowledge of important contract provisions and learn how to use contracts to prevent problems, reduce risks, and add value to transactions.This textbook contains unique features including reflection prompts, case highlights, and ''applying what you learned'' exercises to reinforce learning and help students gain essential transactional skills. Law professor and contracts expert Nancy Kim focuses on litigation prevention with a problem-solving approach. She offers helpful tips to avoid potential pitfalls in drafting contracts and provides explanations for common contract clauses and their meanings. Access to a digital teacher's manual is available upon purchase of the book.The Fundamentals of Contract Law and Clauses will be an invaluable resource for both law and business students, specifically in contracts, commercial law, business law and other transactions-oriented classes.Contents: PART I INTRODUCTION PART II A ROADMAP TO A CONTRACT 1. The Purpose of a Contract and Contract Clauses 2. The Anatomy of a Contract 3. A Very Brief Overview of Contract Law PART III CONTRACT CLAUSES AND CONTRACT DOCTRINE 4. Common Contract Clauses Involving Contract Formation 5. Contract Clauses and Contract Enforceability 6. Contract Clauses and Issues Related to Performance and Breach 7. Contract Clauses and Parties Other Than the Original Parties to the Contract 8. Contract Clauses Addressing Remedies IndexTrade Review'Professor Kim's book is ideal for anyone interested in improving their contract negotiation skills. Through its blend of contract doctrine, case summaries, sample clauses and questions designed to encourage reflection, the book provides an ideal blend of contract theory and practice. The caveats on "greedy drafting" that are sprinkled throughout the book are unique and useful. These cautionary scenarios serve as a reminder that successful drafting of contract clauses requires consideration of both legal and ethical principles.' --George Siedel, University of Michigan'Professor Nancy Kim has continued her writing on modern contract law with this excellent introduction to contracts and contract clauses, aimed at both law students and middle managers who must deal with contracts despite their lack of formal legal training. Kim explains clearly and gives both good and bad examples of contract writing from the real world.' --Peter Linzer, University of HoustonTable of ContentsContents: PART I INTRODUCTION PART II A ROADMAP TO A CONTRACT 1. The Purpose of a Contract and Contract Clauses 2. The Anatomy of a Contract 3. A Very Brief Overview of Contract Law Part III CONTRACT CLAUSES AND CONTRACT DOCTRINE 4. Common Contract Clauses Involving Contract Formation 5. Contract Clauses and Contract Enforceability 6. Contract Clauses and Issues Related to Performance and Breach 7. Contract Clauses and Parties Other Than the Original Parties to the Contract 8. Contract Clauses Addressing Remedies Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis analytical book examines how the common law of the employment contract is likely to evolve. Tracing the radical evolution of this area over the last 40 years, it explores how many of the changes in common law have been triggered by the judicial 'discovery' of the key attributes of the relationship.Douglas Brodie assesses how employment contract law is likely to develop, paying particular attention to wider developments of the law of obligations such as the recognition of the importance of fair dealing and the significance of relational contracts. Investigating the importance of how courts now regard the employment contract as governing personal relations, the author concludes that key attributes of the contract, including the imbalance of power between employee and employer, are likely to remain the key driver for change.The Future of the Employment Contract will be an essential read for students and scholars of employment law and the law of obligations. It will also be of benefit to legal practitioners as they look to frame innovative legal arguments.Trade Review‘This work comprises a necessary addition to any labour law academic’s library, particularly those interested in the dynamicity of ways the common law, alongside statute, will impact the employment contract going forward. It is an equally beneficial resource for students of labour law, and will undoubtedly be of use to employment law practitioners who wish to shape cutting-edge legal arguments and persuasively influence judicial decision-making. In that sense, it is set to influence how judges evolve the law governing the employment contract in the future.’ -- Gabrielle Golding, The Edinburgh Law Review'In Douglas Brodie's The Future of the Employment Contract, one of the world's leading scholars on the employment contract provides a rich and judicious examination of the prospects for a worker-protective common law. The result is an impressive piece of scholarship that is sensitive to the virtues and the vices of the common law mind when it encounters the world of work. It deserves to be widely read, and it will influence academic and judicial debates at the frontiers of the discipline.' -- Alan Bogg, University of Bristol, UK'In The Future of the Employment Contract Douglas Brodie deftly analyzes current normative and jurisprudential debates about the contract of employment in UK law, interwoven with insights from other common law jurisdictions. The result is a work of perceptiveness and foresight, relevant far beyond the UK, that highlights how changing forms of work, changing terms of law, and public values will shape the future frontiers of the common law of contracts.' -- Claire Mummé, University of Windsor, CanadaTable of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction PART I JUDICIAL VALUES 1. The judges and the values of the employment contract PART II CATEGORISATION 2. Re-categorisation as a fiduciary PART III THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ENTERPRISE LIABILITY 3. Questions of inclusion 4. Risk allocation and psychiatric harm 5. Risk allocation and financial harm PART IV THE IMPACT OF RELATIONAL CONTRACT SCHOLARSHIP 6. Judicial creativity and doctrinal limitations 7. Preserving the relationship 8. Contractual damages 9. The contribution from contract and commerce PART V THE IMPACT OF THE RISE OF GOOD FAITH 10. Unconscionable employment 11. Good faith as a core principle PART VI THE IMPACT OF STATUTE 12. The relationship between the common law and statute PART VII CONCLUSIONS 13. Conclusions Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe contract of employment provides in many jurisdictions the legal foundation for the employment of workers. This book examines how the development of the common law under the influence of contemporary social and economic pressures has caused this contract to evolve. International employment law experts provide a comparative study of the contract of employment across three closely related common law jurisdictions: the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Adopting a thematic approach, they analyse the key facets of the common law of employment such as who is an employee, the implied duties of employees and the restraints on employee mobility. Examining the interaction between common law and domestic statutory law and the politics and labour relations systems, this book considers the legal variations for each jurisdiction and its response to new developments in employment. It addresses the capacity of the common law to respond to contemporary developments such as the `gig' economy and the increasingly intrusive surveillance of employees, both at work and in their private lives. Insightful and contemporary, this book will appeal to students and scholars of employment and contract law as well as those studying comparative law more widely. Practitioners involved in employment policy or employment litigation will also benefit from the wealth of up-to-date knowledge on common law trends and developments.Trade Review'The law of the employment contract and relationship has been and remains a very fruitful subject for comparative research and writing as between Common Law jurisdictions. Gordon Anderson, Douglas Brodie, and Joellen Riley have, by taking a deeply combined perspective upon this topic from Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, made a very significant and historically intelligent contribution to the existing literature.' --Mark Freedland, University of Oxford, UK'A masterful, comprehensive comparison - not lacking in normative content - of the commonalities and differences in judge-made employment law in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, with occasional glances at Canada. It sweeps across the employment relationship exploring the intricate dialogue between courts and legislatures. Threaded throughout is the judicial treatment of managerial prerogative in the wake of legislative change. The book is a key source for students of comparative employment law.' --Matthew W. Finkin, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Table of Cases Table of Statutes 1. Introduction 2. Development and character of the contract of employment 3. Defining the employee 4. Changing and alternative modes of employment 5. Statutory and incorporated terms 6. Fairness of the bargain and allocation of risk 7. Fidelity, mutual trust and confidence and fair dealing 8. The work/personal interface 9. Employee mobility 10. Security in Employment 11. Common Law Remedies 12. Conclusions Index

Read more less