Construction and heavy industry Books
American Society of Civil Engineers Wind Loads
Book Synopsis
£57.75
American Society of Civil Engineers Compaction Grouting Consensus Guide Asce Standard
Book SynopsisA presentation of good practice in compaction grouting. This guide covers both the practical and engineering aspects of compaction grouting and is essential reading for anyone interested in specifying, designing, and/or undertaking compaction grouting.
£66.00
American Society of Civil Engineers Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment Reference
Book SynopsisA guide for the project team to define and model the structural system within the reference building design as required by green building standards. The book sets out terms of reference including definitions, reference building options, and general considerations, and describes specific strategies to reduce life cycle impacts on a project.Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Terms of Reference Glossary General Considerations Existing WBLCA Standards and Guidelines Object of Assessment System Boundary Reference Study Period Impact Indicators Functional Equivalence Team Members Stages of Design Data to Generate a Complete Building Design LCA Tools Missing Data Advanced LCA Reference Building Options Option Descriptions Combining Options, Filling Gaps, and Making Functionally Equivalent Documentation Options Matrix Part II: Strategies Structural Material Quantity Reduction Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Structure as Finish Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Nonstructural Material Quantity Reduction Scope Bill of Materials Special Considerations Performance-Based Design for Material Damage Reduction Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Impact Reductions Achieved by Using Alternate Structural Systems Scope Key Considerations for Establishing the Reference Building Bill of Materials Adjustments Limits on Deviations Impact Reduction of Functionally Equivalent Materials Scope Key Considerations for Establishing the Reference Building Bill of Materials Adjustments Material-Specific Strategies Limits on Deviations Incorporating Salvaged Materials Scope Bill of Materials Adjustments Limitations Special Considerations Material-Specific Strategies Design for Deconstruction Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Participating in Operational Energy Savings Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Appendix A: Discounting Methodologies Appendix B: LCA Tools Appendix C: Additional Resources and Case Studies
£64.50
American Society of Civil Engineers Design and Performance of Tall Buildings for Wind
Book SynopsisProvides a framework for the design of tall buildings for wind. This MOP presents detailed guidance on industry standard practices and design approaches that complement current literature, model codes, and standards.Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose Scope Use of This Manual Historic General Design Requirements Stakeholders Nature of Wind Limitations Chapter 2 Design Process Overview Establish Performance Objectives Preliminary Structural Design Wind Climate Assessment Wind Induced Loads and Responses Structural Modeling and Analysis Comparison of Results to Acceptance Criteria Wind Optimization Program Final Design Chapter 3 Performance Objectives Introduction 3.2 Mean Recurrence Intervals Stability Strength Evaluation of the Lateral Force Resisting System Building Displacements Nonstructural Elements Occupant Comfort Project-Specific Performance Chapter 4 Preliminary Structural Design Purpose Preliminary Wind Estimates 4.3 Estimation of Building Performance Chapter 5 Wind Climate Assessment Overview Davenport Wind Loading Chain Wind Climate – Storm Types and Data Sources Influence of Terrain Extreme Value Analysis Design Criteria – Mean Recurrence Intervals Chapter 6 Wind Tunnel Testing Overview Triggers for Testing Types of Wind Tunnel Tests Physical Testing versus Computational Estimates Testing Procedure Combining Climate and Wind Tunnel Data Typical Outputs Additional Considerations Chapter 7 Damping Overview Inherent Damping Aerodynamic Damping Supplemental Damping Supplemental Damping – Strength and Serviceability Chapter 8 Structural Modeling and Analysis Structural Modeling 8.2 Special Considerations for Reinforced Concrete Structures Chapter 9 Wind Optimization Program 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Building Orientation 9.3 Building Geometry 9.4 Holistic Optimization Chapter 10 Concluding Remarks Concurrent Research and Future Directions 10.2 Closing Remarks References Index
£80.25
American Society of Civil Engineers Blast Protection of Buildings
Book SynopsisProvides minimum requirements for planning, design, construction and assessment of new and existing buildings subject to the effects of accidental or malicious explosions. The standard includes principles for establishing appropriate threat parameters, levels of protection, loadings, analysis methodologies, materials, detailing and test procedures.
£106.50
American Society of Civil Engineers Investigation of Constructed Facilities
Book SynopsisProvides an in-depth discussion of the relevance and reliability of sampling methods used in the investigation of constructed facilities. For investigations, the sampling of as-built conditions often becomes a basis on which a forensic engineer draws conclusions about the causes, prevalence, and severity of defects in the facility.
£60.75
American Society of Civil Engineers Specification for the Design of ColdFormed
Book SynopsisProvides design criteria for the determination of the strength of cold-formed stainless steel structural members and connections for use in buildings and other statically loaded structures. This is a significant update to ASCE 8-02 that incorporates the latest findings in both stainless steel and carbon steel research and practice.
£96.75
American Society of Civil Engineers Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing
Book SynopsisDescribes deficiency-based and systematic procedures that use performance-based principles to evaluate and retrofit existing buildings to withstand the effects of earthquakes. A primary reference for structural engineers addressing the seismic resilience of existing buildings and for building code officials reviewing such work.
£238.50
American Society of Civil Engineers Snow Loads
Book SynopsisSupplies detailed, authoritative explanations of the snow load provisions contained in Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, Standard ASCE/SEI 7-22. Michael O’Rourke illustrates the key concepts for applying the provisions to the design of structures that could collect falling or drifting snow.
£84.75
New Society Publishers Essential Natural Plasters
Book SynopsisA veritable cookbook of natural plaster recipes and techniques for beautiful, durable finishes Natural plasters made of clay, lime, and other materials mixed with sand are beautiful building finishes. Fun to work with, low-impact, and allowing infinite creativity, they are high performance and provide proven, centuries-long durability.Yet until now there''s been no resource that has pulled together the best North American plaster recipes and how-to into one place. Essential Natural Plasters covers it all: Sourcing and selecting materials, including site-soils Clay, lime, and gypsum plasters as well as fibers and amendments Interior and exterior use and specialty plasters such as tadelakt for bathrooms Preparing substrates, from straw bales and cob to lath and Sheetrock How to set up a safe, efficient worksite Mixing, testing, tinting, repairing, and applying plasters Coveted recipes from leading plasterers in Ontario, Vermont, New Mexico, France, and New Zealand. Richly illustrated and deeply researched, Essential Natural Plasters is the must-have resource for owner-builders and professionals alike.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Natural Plaster Ingredients Chapter 3: Planning and Preparation Chapter 4: Mixing and Application Chapter 5: Earth Plaster Base Coats Recipe: Project Karyne Base Coat from Site Soil Recipe: Easily Workable Base Coat Using Bagged Clay Recipe: Straw-Clay Mud Recipe: Lime-Stabilized Base Coat Using Bagged Clay or Site Clay Recipe: Straworks' Baseball Diamond Mix Recipe: La Couche de Corps Recipe: Super Sticky Upside-Down Mix Chapter 6: Earth Plaster Finish Coats Recipe: All-Purpose Finish Plaster Recipe: Pigmented Finish Plaster with Fiber Recipe: Silty Subsoil Dolomite Sand Top Coat Recipe: Fat Plaster Recipe: Finish Coat with "Mayonnaise" Recipe: Finish Coat Using Bagged Clay Recipe: Glen's Wet-Burnish Plaster Recipe: Finish Clay Plaster with Shredded Paper or Cellulose Recipe: Polishing Clay Plaster Recipe: Starch Paste Recipe: Rice or Corn Starch Paste Chapter 7: Lime Plasters Lime Recipe: Simple Hydrated Lime Plaster Lime Recipe: Traditional Lime Putty-Based Scratch Coat with Hair Reinforcement Lime Recipe: Multi-Functional Hemp Lime Coating Lime Recipe: Lime Plaster with Manure Lime Recipe: Lime Plaster with Paper Pulp Lime Recipe: Tadelakt Lime Recipe: Stuc/Chevy Tadelakt Lime Recipe: Hot Mixed Lime Mortars Lime Recipe: Harling, Rough Cast, and Pebble Dash as External Lime Plastering Finishes Lime Recipe: Homemade Hydraulic Lime Base Coat Chapter 8: More Binders Chapter 9: Finishes and Aftercare Recipe: Carole Crews' Favorite Alis Appendix 1: Coverage Estimates and Conversions Appendix 2: Resources Contributors Index About the Authors A Note About the Publisher
£26.09
BuilderBooks Build A Successful Sales Program
Book SynopsisThe path to a productive and smoothly running sales program starts with creating an organized onsite sales centre. At its heart lies a set of systems and forms that make it easy for you to win over even the toughest customer. This book covers prospect follow-up; selections and upgrades; finance forms and procedures; competitive sites; and closing.
£13.46
BuilderBooks NAHBOSHA Scaffold Safety Handbook EnglishSpanish
Book SynopsisScaffold-related accidents result in injuries and deaths and continue to occur despite updated standards from OSHA. Make sure your employees are safe and comply with these standards by providing this illustrated English-Spanish handbook.
£11.48
BuilderBooks Managing Your Employees
Book SynopsisEmployees are the foundation of a home building business. And, as small-business owners, many homebuilders often handle multiple internal functions, including human resources management. Managing Your Employees is designed to help builders manage the “people paperwork” of their businesses easily and productively.
£17.81
BuilderBooks Build Green and Save Protecting the Earth And
Book SynopsisAn insider's guide to residential green building that leads you through the actual residential construction process and details how you can apply green building techniques that will benefit your business, your relationships with your customers, your reputation, and your bottom line.Trade Review"Matt makes the case for affordable green building with informative sidebars, backed by personal experiences and details. Build Green & Save is not over the head of the novice green builder, yet still has plenty of information for the experienced green builder and developer." -- Steve Hale, President, Hale and Son Construction, Inc, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Founding member; Build Green New Mexico, Consensus Committee Member; ANSI National Green Building Standard"Though his background and experience -- growing up with a father who inherently practiced sustainability in Build Green & Save, Matt Belcher offers the depth of his expertise with a fine balance of wit and wisdom." -- Annette K Stelmack, Owner, Inspirit-LLC, Louisville, CO
£17.62
BuilderBooks Basic Construction Management The Superintendents
Book SynopsisLearn essentials of managing projects well and within budget, from scheduling and jobsite safety to quality and customer service in this long-anticipated revision of Basic Construction Management.Trade ReviewThis book is a must-read for anyone considering a career in construction supervision. I have not seen a better training guide in my 20 years in homebuilding. -- Ken Condit, Construction Training ManagerThis book is an essential tool for new superintendents and can help experienced superintendents polish their skills. By using the principles in Basic Construction Management, you will build higher quality projects more efficiently and safely. -- Jay Christofferson, Chair, Brigham Young University construction management program
£35.62
BuilderBooks Survive and Thrive in Building Fundamentals of
Book SynopsisCovers basic but essential knowledge for running a successful company, whether you're a veteran builder or new to residential construction. This comprehensive resource will help you to become informed about the details of marketing, estimating, contracts, purchasing, and accounting, which are as important as knowing your construction guidelines.Trade ReviewThis practical easy-to-use book is an essential tool for builders. It is a resource that provides invaluable insight into all aspects associated with the development of a successful home building business. It will help you succeed as a small-volume builder." - Bob Jones, CGB, CGP, CAPSCEO, Robert R. Jones Homes,Bloomfield Hills, MIPast Chairman, National Association of Home Builders
£29.96
BuilderBooks Scheduling for Home Builders with Microsoft
Book SynopsisCreate efficient schedules to monitor and control construction progress using Microsoft Project 2010. You'll produce more projects with the same management staff and fewer headaches in the field and the back office. This book will help you schedule your next project with confidence and ease.Trade Review"A formalized scheduling procedure is one of the most powerful tools a builder can use. Scheduling with Microsoft Project illustrates best practices for keeping your projects on time and on budget." -- John Barrows, CGB, GMB, CGP, President, J. Barrows Inc., Wainscott, NY
£23.96
BuilderBooks Green Building Strategies From Plan to Profit
Book SynopsisA concise guide to current best practices for designing, constructing, testing, and ensuring longevity for new high-performance homes, Green Building Strategies explains in plain language what's happening in the rapidly evolving field of building science.Trade ReviewThis very readable and easy-to-use guide will help builders and other industry professionals understand and apply cutting-edge building science to construct high performance homes that meet consumer demand." - Donald Ferrier, CGB Ferrier Companies NAHB Green Building Advocate of the Year Energy Value Housing Award Remodeler of the Year Fort Worth, Texas
£25.46
BuilderBooks 2015 Home Builders Jobsite Codes
Book SynopsisThis handy jobsite tool will become as indispensable to you as your cell phone, tape measure, and level. This pocket-friendly companion to the International Residential Code discusses the impact of 2015 code changes to common walls separating townhouses, remodeling of an existing basement, and more.
£17.56
BuilderBooks Partnering with Brokers to Win More Sales
Book SynopsisIf you are a builder or builder's representative, you have an uphill road with many obstacles when it comes to working with brokers. This book will give you hard-won, practical suggestions to help your company create long-term, powerful, and productive relationships with your local real estate brokers.
£19.96
BuilderBooks The Cost of Doing Business Study 2019 Edition
Book SynopsisProvides statistics and analysis so you can see how you compare to other builders, whether you build two homes a year or 2,000. This one-of-a-kind resource discusses financial performance according to builder type and size, as well as industry-wide averages using key indicators.
£111.75
Builderbooks Remodelers Cost of Doing Business Study 2020
Book Synopsis
£112.46
Builderbooks Nahb Jobsite Safety Handbook EnglishSpanish
Book Synopsis
£12.56
Workman Publishing Building Small Barns Sheds and Shelters
Book SynopsisBuild your own outbuildings and enjoy the space to do more of what you love. From simple toolsheds and animal shelters to smokehouses and low-cost barns, Monte Burch guides you through everything you need to know to make your small building projects a reality. Detailed blueprints, easy-to-follow instructions, and expert advice are suited to even the first-time builder. Discover how easy it is to create your own customized spaces that will allow your passions to grow.
£15.29
Construction Trades Press The Piping Guide
Book Synopsis
£48.71
ACA Publishing Limited The Rise and Fall of Chinas Top 500 Companies
Book Synopsis
£9.50
Legare Street Press A Treatise on the Construction of Staircases and
Book Synopsis
£12.95
Legare Street Press Problems in Carpentry a Course in Practical
Book Synopsis
£22.75
Legare Street Press Heating Systems Design of Hot Water and Steam
Book Synopsis
£26.55
Legare Street Press Smith Winchester Illustrated Catalogue of Steel
Book Synopsis
£16.08
LEGARE STREET PR The Architects and Builders PocketBook
Book Synopsis
£23.70
LEGARE STREET PR Lart du trait de charpenterie
Book Synopsis
£31.30
CRC Press Professional Ethics for the Construction Industry
Book SynopsisThis second edition of Professional Ethics for the Construction Industry empowers a new generation of built environment professionals to navigate the ethical challenges confronting them at every stage of a project, from the initial bid to its completion and beyond. Authored by a pair of veteran educators and industry professionals, this textbook introduces ethical dilemmas aspiring construction professionals will face on the jobâand the critical thinking skills to reason their way out of them.Written to meet curriculum requirements for all levels of construction education, this book explores ethics specific to the construction industry, illustrated by detailed and realistic case studies. All-new chapters on privacy, cutting-edge technologies, and pandemic-era worker protections complement chapters on perennial ethical issues surrounding the environment, client relationships, and more. Features include: Completely revised and updated to reflect changes in coTable of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Codes of Conduct, Compliance, and Reporting. 3. Contract Procurement. 4. Construction Contracts and Purchase Agreements. 5. Documentation and Recordkeeping. 6. Project Execution. 7. Discrimination and Harassment. 8. Client Relations. 9. Ethics and the Environment. 10. International Construction. 11. Technology and Digital Information. 12. Construction during Crisis.
£47.49
Taylor & Francis Ltd Moving the Construction Safety Climate Forward in
Book SynopsisThe construction industry in developing economies is responsible for creating deliverables such as infrastructure and housing while providing a means of livelihood to an ever-increasing number of management and frontline workers. However, in many parts of the world, injuries and fatalities have continued to damage the industry's image.This book intends to meet the needs of many construction managers who, though technically informed, struggle with managing frontline workers, especially regarding motivating positive safety outcomes. It discusses the challenges experienced in the industry and how site management may navigate them to improve safety performance in the workplace. By documenting the experiences of site management in developing countries, this book intends to contribute to the education of professionals on evolving better safety environments on construction sites. It considers the safety climate in a high-risk work environment, administrative procedures and thTable of ContentsContentsList of FiguresList of TablesPreface AcknowledgementsCHAPTER 1 SAFETY CLIMATE IN CONSTRUCTION1.1: Introduction1.2: Construction safety in Sub-Saharan Africa1.2.1: Noncompliance to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Regulations1.3: Safety climate in construction operations1.3.1: Construction safety performance1.3.2: Management safety values1.3.3: Safety performance indicators1.3.4: Barriers to safety performance1.4: Management safety practice1.5: Construction workers’ safety behaviour1.6: H&S compliance issues in developing countries1.7: ConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 2 SAFETY PRIORITY2.1: Introduction2.2: Management safety commitment and practice2.2.1: Managements’ visible safety priority2.3: Organisational safety policy2.4: Workers’ perceived safety priority and commitment2.4.1: Compliance and commitment-based safety compliance among workers2.4.2: Organisational citizenship behaviour2.4.3: Counterproductive work behaviour2.5: Management safety support2.5.1: Safety-related behaviour2.6: Safety priority issues in developing countries2.7: ConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 3 SAFETY EMPOWERMENT3.1: Introduction3.2: Worker empowerment3.3: Safety empowerment in accident-prone workplaces3.4: Safety education3.5: Safety learning3.6: Safety knowledge3.7: Benefits of safety empowerment3.8: Improved safety performance3.9: Safety empowerment in developing countries3.10: ConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 4 SAFETY JUSTICE4.1: Introduction4.2: Organisational justice4.3: Safety justice in the workplace 4.4: Incident reporting4.5: Accountability in a just culture4.6: Safety justice in developing countries4.7: ConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 5 SAFETY LEADERSHIP5.1: Introduction5.2: Safety leadership in construction5.2.1: Big Five Personality Traits5.3: Transactional safety leadership5.4: Transformational safety leadership5.5: Servant safety leadership5.6: Workers’ safety leadership behaviour5.7: ConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 6 SAFETY COMMITMENT6.1: Introduction6.2: Management safety commitment6.3: Safety compliance and participation6.4: Workers’ safety commitment6.5: Safety commitment in developing countries6.6: ConclusionsReferencesCHAPTER 7 SAFETY COMMUNICATION7.1: Introduction7.2: Safety communication7.2.1: Open safety communication7.2.2: Perceived management openness7.3: Safety training and education7.3.1: Construction safety training methods7.3.2: Safety Knowledge and communication7.4: Safety communication in developing countries7.5: ConclusionsReferences CHAPTER 8 SAFETY TRUST8.1: Introduction8.2: Safety trust in construction8.2.1: Antecedents of Safety Trust8.2.2: Factors which influence workers’ safety trust in management8.3: Workers’ trust in safety management systems8.4: Safety distrust in construction8.5: Benefits of safety trust8.6: Safety trust in developing countries8.7: ConclusionsReferences
£137.75
Edward Elgar Publishing Research Companion to Construction Economics
Book SynopsisThis innovative Research Companion considers the history, nature and status of construction economics, and its need for development as a field in order to be recognised as a distinct discipline. It presents a state-of-the-art review of construction economics, identifying areas for further research.
£47.45
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Managing Risk in Construction Projects
Book SynopsisInvestment in any new project invariably carries risk but the construction industry is subject to more risk and uncertainty than perhaps any other industry.Table of ContentsPreface ix Author’s Biographies xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 Projects and Risk 1 1.1 Construction projects 1 1.2 Decision making 2 1.3 Risk management strategy 4 1.4 Project planning 5 1.5 Summary 6 2 The Project Environment 8 2.1 Projects 8 2.2 The project constitution 9 2.3 Project organisation 11 2.4 Project phases 13 2.5 Effect of project phase on risk 16 2.6 Project appraisal 17 2.7 Summary 19 3 Understanding the Human Aspects 21 3.1 Risk management – context 21 3.2 Risk management – organisations 22 3.3 The risk management process 23 3.4 Some guidelines to the risk management process 24 3.5 The risk workshop 26 3.6 Communication 29 3.7 Summary 30 Reference 30 4 Qualitative Methods and Soft Systems Methodology 31 4.1 Qualitative risk assessment 31 4.2 Review of project programmes and budgets 32 4.3 The risk log 33 4.4 Using a risk log to formulate risk management strategy 35 4.5 Qualitative methods 37 4.6 Soft systems methodology 38 4.7 Case study: SSM in use in the procurement of construction projects 40 4.8 Summary 48 5 Risk and Value Management 49 5.1 Introduction 49 5.2 Approaches to the management of risk 50 5.3 The standard risk management model 52 5.4 Applying risk and value management 53 5.5 Value management processes 55 5.6 Understanding the project risk 56 5.7 Applying value and risk management 62 5.8 Iteration of the process 65 5.9 Summary 66 References 66 6 Quantitative Methods for Risk Analysis 67 6.1 Sanction 67 6.2 Project appraisal and selection 69 6.3 Project evaluation 71 6.4 Engineering risks 72 6.5 Risk management 75 6.6 Probabilistic analysis 76 6.7 Response to risks 79 6.8 Successful risk management 80 6.9 Principles of contingency fund estimation 81 Appendix 6.A: Alternative methods of risk analysis 82 7 The Contribution of Information Technology to Risk Modelling and Simulation 87 7.1 Purpose of RMS 88 7.2 When to use RMS 88 7.3 Requirements of the analyst 90 7.4 Modelling and simulation 90 7.5 Modelling using RMS 91 7.6 Data management 92 7.7 Analytical mechanisms 93 7.8 Classification of RMS 94 7.9 Selection of RMS 95 7.10 Modelling a project for risk management 96 7.11 Data requirements for realistic modelling 98 7.12 Choice of variable distribution 100 7.13 Case study 101 7.14 Case study simulations 107 7.15 Analysis of the result 109 7.16 Discussion of findings 115 7.17 Summary 115 8 Risk Allocation in the Contracting and Procurement Cycle 117 8.1 Typical contracting and procurement processes 117 8.2 Value planning case study 121 8.3 Known and unknown risks in contracts 123 8.4 Risk allocation strategies 125 8.5 Risk allocation according to payment mechanism 135 8.6 Contract award 138 8.7 Summary 140 Reference 141 9 Managing Financial Risks in Major Construction and PFI / PPP Projects 142 9.1 Project financing 142 9.2 Types of finance 143 9.3 Appraisal and validity of financing projects 148 9.4 Typical financial risks 151 9.5 Promoter 152 9.6 Financial risk in concession contracts 153 9.7 Global and elemental risks in concession contracts 155 9.8 Summary 160 10 Risks in International Construction Project Joint Ventures 161 10.1 Background 161 10.2 Concept of joint venture 162 10.3 Motives for joint venture formation 162 10.4 Assessing joint venture success 163 10.5 Case study 165 10.6 Summary 169 Acknowledgement 169 References 169 11 Risk Management at Corporate, Strategic Business Unit and Project Levels 171 11.1 Risk in organisations 171 11.2 Risk management 173 11.3 The risk management process 173 11.4 Benefits of risk management 174 11.5 Recognising risks 175 11.6 Why risk management is used 176 11.7 Risk management actions at different levels 177 11.8 Summary 182 References 183 12 Case Studies 184 12.1 Introduction 184 12.2 Heavy lift vessel design and fabrication programme risk assessment 185 12.3 Risk identification 186 12.4 High Speed 1 189 12.5 Brief history of HS1 190 12.6 The risk management process 193 12.7 Risk assessment, analysis and response 198 12.8 Summary of the preliminary schedule risk analysis results 205 13 Risk Management in a Multi-Project Environment 209 13.1 Introduction 209 13.2 Drivers for the multi-project approach to project delivery 209 13.3 A conceptual model of the multi-project environment 211 13.4 Risks that are unique to or amplified in multi-project environments 213 13.5 The change in mindset required to manage risk in multi-project environments 214 13.6 Summary 217 References 217 Further reading 217 14 Key Issues and Guidance in Practical Risk Management 218 14.1 Decision making 218 14.2 Preparation for risk management 219 14.3 Risk management process 220 14.4 Models 224 14.5 Uncertainty 226 14.6 Socio-technical approach to risk 226 14.7 Summary 228 References 229 Index 231
£51.26
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Jct Standard Building Contract 2011
Book SynopsisBooks about construction contracts tend to be dense and wordy, but what most architects, quantity surveyors, project managers, builders and employers are looking for is an easily navigable, simple guide to using a contract, written in plain language.Table of ContentsPreface xiv Abbreviations used in the text xvi Notes before reading xvii Part I Preliminaries 1 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is a contract? 1 1.2 Purpose of building contracts 4 1.3 Types of construction contracts 4 1.4 Characteristics of a standard form 7 1.5 Commonly used contracts 9 1.6 Important background to SBC 11 1.7 SBC and variants 11 2 Basic matters 13 2.1 Works 13 2.2 Drawings 13 2.3 Specification 14 2.4 Schedules 15 2.5 Bills of quantities 15 2.6 The Standard Method of Measurement 16 2.7 Privity of contract and the Third Party Act 17 2.8 Third party rights and collateral warranties 18 2.9 Base Date 19 2.10 Common problems 20 3 About the contract documents 23 3.1 What constitutes the contract? 23 3.2 What are articles and recitals? 24 3.3 How to complete the contract form 25 3.4 Priority of documents 29 3.5 Errors, discrepancies and divergences 30 3.6 Custody and copies 34 3.7 Limits to use 35 3.8 Reckoning days 35 3.9 Certificates, notices and other communications 36 3.10 Applicable law 37 3.11 Common problems 37 4 Related matters 40 4.1 The Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 as amended 40 4.2 Entire contracts 42 4.3 Express and implied terms 43 4.4 Limitation periods 44 4.5 Letters of intent 46 4.6 Quantum meruit 47 4.7 Limited companies 48 4.8 Bonds 49 4.9 Common problems 51 Part Ii Participants 53 5 The architect’s powers and duties 53 5.1 What the architect can do or must do 53 5.2 Specific requirements under the JCT contract 54 5.3 Powers 54 5.4 The architect’s design role under SBC 54 5.5 The architect as agent for the employer 61 5.6 No power to direct contractor 62 5.7 Issue of certificates 63 5.8 The issue of instructions 66 5.9 Instructions in detail 70 5.10 Issue of information 70 5.11 Duties under the contract 73 5.12 General duties 77 5.13 Does the architect have any duty to the contractor? 79 5.14 Common problems 79 6 The contractor’s powers and duties 82 6.1 What the contractor can do or must do 82 6.2 Person-in-charge 82 6.3 Access to the Works and premises 82 6.4 Carrying out the Works 96 6.5 Levels and setting out 98 6.6 Workmanship and materials 98 6.7 Contractor’s master programme and other documents 100 6.8 Statutory obligations 103 6.9 Antiquities 104 6.10 Drawings, details and information 104 6.11 Compliance with architect’s instructions 106 6.12 Suspension of performance 107 6.13 Does the contractor have a duty to warn of design defects? 108 6.14 Common problems 108 7 The employer’s powers and duties 110 7.1 What the employer can or must do 110 7.2 Express and implied powers and duties 110 7.3 General powers 115 7.4 General duties 122 7.5 Common problems 123 8 Consultants 125 8.1 General points 125 8.2 Quantity surveyors 126 8.3 Employer’s representative/project manager 128 8.4 Structural engineers, mechanical engineers and others 129 8.5 Common problems 129 9 The clerk of works 131 9.1 Method of appointment 131 9.2 Duties 131 9.3 Snagging lists 132 9.4 Defacing materials 132 9.5 Common problems 133 10 Sub-contractors and suppliers 134 10.1 General 134 10.2 Assignment 135 10.3 Sub-contracting 136 10.4 Listed sub-contractors 138 10.5 Named specialists 139 10.6 Common problems 140 11 Statutory authorities 143 11.1 Work not forming part of the contract 143 11.2 Statutory authorities in contract 143 11.3 The CDM Regulations 2007 145 11.4 Common problems 147 Part Iii Work in Progress 149 12 Insurance 149 12.1 Why insurance? 149 12.2 Types of insurance in the contract 149 12.3 What is an indemnity? 150 12.4 Injury to persons and property 151 12.5 Things that are the liability of the employer 152 12.6 Insurance terms 153 12.7 Insurance of the Works: alternatives 154 12.8 A new building where the contractor is required to insure 155 12.9 A new building where the employer insures 156 12.10 Alterations or extensions to an existing building 157 12.11 Benefits for sub-contractors 158 12.12 The Joint Fire Code 158 12.13 Terrorism cover 159 12.14 Common problems 159 13 Possession of the site 161 13.1 General 161 13.2 Date of possession 162 13.3 Common problems 163 14 Extension of time 165 14.1 Basics 165 14.2 Extension of time 166 14.3 Grounds 168 14.4 Procedure 177 14.5 Important conditions 186 14.6 Common problems 188 15 Liquidated damages 190 15.1 What are liquidated damages? 190 15.2 Procedure 191 15.3 Common problems 193 16 Financial claims 195 16.1 Loss and expense claims 195 16.2 Procedure 196 16.3 Effect on regular progress 200 16.4 The architect’s opinion 201 16.5 Ascertainment 202 16.6 Reimbursement under other contract provisions 203 16.7 Relevant matters forming the basis of a claim 203 16.8 Certification of direct loss and/or expense 207 16.9 Contractor’s other rights and remedies 208 16.10 Common problems 208 17 Architect’s instructions 210 17.1 Purpose 210 17.2 Scope 210 17.3 Common problems 216 18 Variations 219 18.1 What is a variation? 219 18.2 Does extra work always involve payment? 221 18.3 Valuation 222 18.4 Treatment of approximate quantities, defined and undefined provisional sums 227 18.5 If the conditions for carrying out other work are altered 228 18.6 Valuation of obligations and restrictions 229 18.7 Schedule 2 quotations 229 18.8 Acceleration 231 18.9 Daywork 232 18.10 Valuation of contractor’s designed portion 233 18.11 Common problems 233 19 Payment 235 19.1 The Contract Sum 235 19.2 Valuation 237 19.3 Method and timing 239 19.4 Payment procedure 240 19.5 Retention 243 19.6 Final payment 245 19.7 The effect of certificates 248 19.8 Off-site materials 250 19.9 Fluctuations 251 19.10 Common problems 252 20 Contractor’s design 254 20.1 Contractor’s Designed Portion (CDP) 254 20.2 Documents 254 20.3 The contractor’s obligations 255 20.4 Liability 258 20.5 Variations 259 20.6 Insurance 260 20.7 Common problems 261 Part Iv Closing Stages 263 21 Practical completion 263 21.1 Definition 263 21.2 What the contract says 263 21.3 Consequences 265 21.4 Partial possession and sectional completion 265 21.5 Common problems 267 22 Defects liability 269 22.1 During construction 269 22.2 Rectification period 271 22.3 Definition 271 22.4 Defects, shrinkages or other faults 271 22.5 Frost 272 22.6 Procedure 272 22.7 Common problems 275 23 Termination 276 23.1 General points 276 23.2 Termination by the employer 278 23.3 Grounds: contractor’s defaults 279 23.4 Grounds: insolvency of contractor 282 23.5 Grounds: corruption 283 23.6 Grounds: neutral causes 283 23.7 Grounds: insurance risks and terrorism cover 284 23.8 Consequences of termination for contractor’s default or insolvency 285 23.9 Consequences of termination for neutral causes or insurance risks 288 23.10 Termination by the contractor 288 23.11 Grounds: employer’s defaults 288 23.12 Grounds: insolvency of employer 292 23.13 Grounds: neutral causes 293 23.14 Grounds: insurance risks and terrorism cover 293 23.15 Consequences of termination for employer’s default, neutral causes or insolvency of the employer, etc. 293 23.16 Consequences of termination for insurance risks 294 23.17 Suspension of the Works by the contractor 295 23.18 Common problems 295 Part V Intractable Problems 297 24 Dispute resolution procedures 297 24.1 General 297 24.2 Adjudication 301 24.3 Arbitration 310 24.4 Legal proceedings (litigation) 317 24.5 Mediation 317 24.6 Common problems 317 Notes and references 319 Table of cases 330 Subject index 339 Clause number index to text 346
£53.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc BIM Handbook
Book SynopsisDiscover BIM: A better way to build better buildings Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a novel approach to design, construction, and facility management in which a digital representation of the building product and process is used to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of information in digital format. BIM is beginning to change the way buildings look, the way they function, and the ways in which they are designed and built. TheBIM Handbook, Third Editionprovides an in-depth understanding of BIM technologies, the business and organizational issues associated with its implementation, and the profound advantages that effective use of BIM can provide to all members of a project team. Updates to this edition include: Information on the ways in which professionals should use BIM to gain maximum value New topics such as collaborative working, national and major construction clients, BIM standards and guides A diTable of ContentsForeword to the Third Edition xvii Preface xxi CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.0 Executive Summary 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The Current AEC Business Model 2 1.3 Documented Inefficiencies of Traditional Approaches 9 1.4 BIM: New Tools and New Processes 13 1.5 BIM as a Lifecycle Platform 18 1.6 What Is Not a BIM Platform? 19 1.7 What Are the Benefits of BIM? What Problems Does It Address? 20 1.8 BIM and Lean Construction 25 1.9 What Challenges Can be Expected? 28 1.10 Future of Designing and Building With BIM 30 1.11 Case Studies 30 Chapter 1 Discussion Questions 31 CHAPTER 2 Core Technologies and Software 32 2.0 Executive Summary 32 2.1 The Evolution to Object-Based Parametric Modeling 33 2.2 Beyond Parametric Shapes 48 2.3 BIM Environments, Platforms, and Tools 57 2.4 BIM Model Quality and Model Checking 62 2.5 BIM Platforms 64 2.6 Design Review Applications 76 2.7 Conclusion 82 Chapter 2 Discussion Questions 83 CHAPTER 3 Collaboration and Interoperability 85 3.0 Executive Summary 85 3.1 Introduction 86 3.2 Different Kinds of Data Exchange Methods 88 3.3 Background of Product Data Models 95 3.4 Other Efforts Supporting Standardization 107 3.5 The Evolution from File-Based Exchange to BIM Servers 112 3.6 Interfacing Technologies 124 Chapter 3 Discussion Questions 128 CHAPTER 4 BIM for Owners and Facility Managers 130 4.0 Executive Summary 130 4.1 Introduction: Why Owners Should Care About BIM 131 4.2 Owner’s Role in a BIM Project 133 4.3 Cost and Time Management 142 4.4 An Owner and Facility Manager’s Building Model 154 4.5 Leading the BIM Implementation on a Project 160 4.6 Barriers to Implementing BIM: Risks and Common Myths 167 4.7 Issues for Owners to Consider when Adopting BIM 171 Chapter 4 Discussion Questions 173 CHAPTER 5 BIM for Architects and Engineers 175 5.0 Executive Summary 175 5.1 Introduction 177 5.2 Scope of Design Services 179 5.3 BIM Use in Design Processes 186 5.4 Building Object Models and Libraries 215 5.5 Considerations in Adoption for Design Practice 223 Chapter 5 Discussion Questions 226 CHAPTER 6 BIM for Contractors 228 6.0 Executive Summary 228 6.1 Introduction 230 6.2 Types of Construction Firms 231 6.3 Information Contractors Want from BIM 232 6.4 BIM-Enabled Process Change 234 6.5 Developing a Construction Building Information Model 237 6.6 Using a Contractor Building Information Model 241 6.7 3D: Visualization and Coordination 243 6.8 4D: Construction Analysis and Planning 245 6.9 5D: Quantity Takeoff and Cost Estimating 255 6.10 Production Planning and Control 260 6.11 Off-site Fabrication and Modular Construction 261 6.12 BIM in the Field 263 6.13 Cost and Schedule Control and Other Management Functions 270 6.14 Commissioning and Turnover 272 Chapter 6 Discussion Questions 273 CHAPTER 7 BIM for Subcontractors and Fabricators 275 7.0 Executive Summary 275 7.1 Introduction 276 7.2 Types of Subcontractors and Fabricators 278 7.3 The Benefits of a BIM Process for Subcontractor Fabricators 283 7.4 Generic BIM System Requirements for Fabricators 298 7.5 Specific BIM Requirements for Fabrication 305 7.6 Adopting BIM in a Fabrication Operation 317 Chapter 7 Discussion Questions 322 CHAPTER 8 Facilitators of BIM Adoption and Implementation 323 8.0 Executive Summary 323 8.1 Introduction 324 8.2 BIM Mandates 324 8.3 BIM Roadmaps, Maturity Models, and Measures 330 8.4 BIM Guides 340 8.5 BIM Education and Training 345 8.6 Legal, Security, and Best Practice Issues 358 Chapter 8 Discussion Questions 362 CHAPTER 9 The Future: Building with BIM 364 9.0 Executive Summary 364 9.1 Introduction 366 9.2 BIM Before 2000: Predicting Trends 367 9.3 Development and Impact of BIM: 2000 to 2017 370 9.4 Current Trends 376 9.4.1 Process Trends 377 9.4.2 Technology Trends 381 9.4.3 Integrative Process and Technology Trends 382 9.4.4 Trends in BIM Research 383 9.4.5 Obstacles to Change 385 9.5 Vision 2025 386 9.6 Beyond 2025 394 Acknowledgment 397 Chapter 9 Discussion Questions 397 CHAPTER 10 BIM Case Studies 398 10.0 Introduction 398 Acknowledgments 401 10.1 National Children’s Hospital, Dublin 405 Acknowledgments 419 10.2 Hyundai Motorstudio Goyang, South Korea 419 Acknowledgments 437 10.3 Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris 437 Acknowledgments 451 10.4 Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Seoul, South Korea 451 Acknowledgments 468 10.5 Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver 468 Acknowledgments 481 Online Sources 481 10.6 Victoria Station, London Underground 482 Acknowledgments 498 10.7 Nanyang Technological University Student Residence Halls, Singapore 499 Acknowledgments 522 10.8 Mapletree Business City II, Singapore 522 Acknowledgments 554 10.9 Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz International Airport, Medina, UAE 554 Acknowledgments 574 10.10 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 574 Acknowledgments 583 10.11 Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, Palo Alto, California 584 Acknowledgments 613 Glossary 614 References 623 Index 639
£76.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Steel Connection Analysis
Book SynopsisFirst book to discuss the analysis of structural steel connections by Finite Element Analysiswhich provides fast, efficient, and flexible checking of these vital structural components The analysis of steel structures is complexmuch more so than the analysis of similar concrete structures. There are no universally accepted rules for the analysis of connections in steel structures or the analysis of the stresses transferred from one connection to another. This book presents a general approach to steel connection analysis and check, which is the result of independent research that began more than fifteen years ago. It discusses the problems of connection analysis and describes a generally applicable methodology, based on Finite Element Analysis, for analyzing the connections in steel structures. That methodology has been implemented in software successfully, providing a fast, automatic, and flexible route to the design and analysis of the connections in steel structures. Steel Connection Table of ContentsPreface xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 An Unsolved Problem 1 1.2 Limits of Traditional Approaches 2 1.2.1 Generality 2 1.2.2 Member Stress State Oversimplification 3 1.2.3 Single Constituent Internal Combined Effects Linearization 4 1.2.4 Single Constituent External Combined-Effects Neglect 7 1.2.5 Neglecting Eccentricities 8 1.2.6 Use of Envelopes 9 1.2.7 Oversimplification of Plastic Mechanisms Evaluation 11 1.2.8 Evaluation of Buckling Phenomena 13 1.3 Some Limits of the Codes of Practice 14 1.3.1 Problem of Coded Standards 14 1.3.2 T-Stub in Eurocode 3 15 1.3.3 Eurocode 3 Component Model 17 1.3.4 Distribution of Internal Forces 20 1.3.5 Prying Forces 20 1.3.6 Block Tearing 21 1.4 Scope of This Book 21 1.5 Automatic Modeling and Analysis of 3D Connections 23 1.6 Acknowledgments 24 References 24 2 Jnodes 27 2.1 BFEM 27 2.2 From the BFEM to the Member Model 29 2.2.1 Physical Model and the Analytical Model 29 2.2.2 Member Detection: Connection Codes 31 2.2.3 An Automatic Algorithm for Straight Prismatic Member Detection 34 2.2.4 Member Data Structure 36 2.2.5 Member Classification at a Node 36 2.2.6 Member Mutual Alignment Coding 37 2.3 Jnodes 40 2.3.1 Need for the Jnode Concept 40 2.3.2 Jnode Definition 41 2.4 Jnode Analytics 42 2.4.1 Classification of Jnodes 42 2.4.2 Simple Jnodes 42 2.4.3 Hierarchical Jnodes 42 2.4.4 Central Jnodes 43 2.4.5 Cuspidal Jnodes 43 2.4.6 Tangent Jnodes 44 2.4.7 Constraints 45 2.4.8 Summary of Jnode Classification 46 2.4.9 Setting Connection Codes: Examples 46 2.5 Equal Jnodes Detection 49 2.5.1 Toponode 49 2.5.2 Jnode Data Structure 49 2.5.3 Superimposable Member Couples 50 2.5.4 Criteria to Assess Jnodes Equality 51 2.5.5 Algorithm to Find Equal Jnodes 52 2.5.6 Examples 55 2.6 Structural Connectivity Indices 56 2.7 Particular Issues 59 2.7.1 Symmetries 59 2.7.2 Splitting of Jnodes 60 2.7.3 Mutual Interaction of Different Jnodes, Jnode Clusters 61 2.7.4 Tolerances 63 2.8 Jclasses 63 References 64 3 A Model for Connection 65 3.1 Terminology 65 3.2 Graphs of Connections 66 3.3 Subconstituents vs Layouts 69 3.4 Classification of Connections 70 Reference 72 4 Renodes 73 4.1 From Jnode to Renode Concept 73 4.2 BREP Geometrical Description of 3D Objects 73 4.3 The Scene 75 4.3.1 Generality 75 4.3.2 Members 77 4.3.3 Typical Fittings 78 4.3.4 Connectors 79 4.4 Dual Geometry 83 4.5 Automatic Connection Detection 85 4.5.1 Faces in Contact 85 4.5.2 Bolt Layouts 86 4.5.3 Weld Layouts 89 4.6 Elementary Operations 91 4.7 Renode Logic and the Chains 93 4.7.1 Minimum Compliance Criteria for Renode Good Design 93 4.7.2 Chains 94 4.7.3 Finding Chains 96 4.8 Prenodes 102 4.9 After Scene Creation 103 5 Pillars of Connection Analysis 105 5.1 Equilibrium 105 5.1.1 Generality 105 5.1.2 Statics of Free Rigid Bodies 108 5.2 Action Reaction Principle 111 5.3 Statics of Connections 115 5.3.1 Equilibrium of Members in Renodes: Proper and Dual Models 115 5.3.2 Force Packets for Compound Members 119 5.3.3 Primary Unknowns: Iso-, Hypo-, and Hyperconnectivity 124 5.4 Static Theorem of Limit Analysis 127 5.5 The Unsaid of the Engineering Simplified Methods 130 5.6 Missing Pillars of Connection Analysis 130 5.6.1 Buckling 131 5.6.2 Fracture 147 5.6.3 Slip 150 5.6.4 Fatigue 152 5.7 Analysis of Connections: General Path 153 References 154 6 Connectors: Weld Layouts 155 6.1 Introduction 155 6.2 Considerations of Stiffness Matrix of Connectors 156 6.3 Introduction to Weld Layouts 160 6.4 Reference Systems and Stresses for Welds 162 6.5 Geometrical Limitations 165 6.5.1 Penetration Weld Layouts 165 6.5.2 Fillet Weld Layouts 166 6.6 Penetration-Weld Layouts (Groove Welds) 167 6.6.1 Generality 167 6.6.2 Simple Methods to Evaluate the Stresses 168 6.6.3 Weld Layout Cross-Section Data 170 6.6.4 Stiffness Matrix 172 6.6.5 Special Models 185 6.6.6 Example 188 6.7 Fillet-Welds Weld Layouts 196 6.7.1 The Behavior of Fillet Welds 196 6.7.2 Numerical Tests of Fillet Welds in the Linear Range 207 6.7.3 The Stiffness Matrix of a Single Fillet Weld 212 6.7.4 Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method in 3D 214 6.7.5 Computing the Stresses in Fillet Welds from the Forces Applied to the Layout 231 6.7.6 Fillet Welds Using Contact and Friction 233 6.8 Mixed Penetration and Fillet Weld Layouts 235 References 235 7 Connectors: Bolt Layouts and Contact 237 7.1 Introduction to Bolt Layouts 237 7.2 Bolt Sizes and Classes 238 7.3 Reference System and Stresses for Bolt Layouts 240 7.4 Geometrical Limitations 243 7.4.1 Eurocode 3 244 7.4.2 AISC 360-10 244 7.5 Not Preloaded Bolt Layouts (Bearing Bolt Layouts) 244 7.5.1 Shear and Torque 244 7.5.2 Axial Force and Bending 249 7.6 Preloaded Bolt Layouts (Slip Resistant Bolt Layouts) 266 7.6.1 Preloading Effects 266 7.6.2 Shear and Torque 274 7.6.3 Axial Force and Bending 275 7.7 Anchors 277 7.8 Stiffness Matrix of Bolt Layouts and of Single Bolts 282 7.8.1 Generality 282 7.8.2 Not Preloaded Bolts 283 7.8.3 Preloaded Bolts 292 7.8.4 Non-Linear Analysis of Bolts 293 7.9 Internal Force Distribution 296 7.9.1 General Method 296 7.9.2 Bearing Surface Method to Compute Forces in Bolts 302 7.9.3 Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method 306 7.9.4 Examples 307 7.10 Contact 316 References 317 8 Failure Modes 319 8.1 Introduction 319 8.2 Utilization Factor Concept 320 8.3 About the Specifications 326 8.4 Weld Layouts 328 8.4.1 Generality 328 8.4.2 Penetration Weld Layouts 328 8.4.3 Fillet Weld Layouts 332 8.5 Bolt Layouts 337 8.5.1 Resistance of Bolt Shaft 337 8.5.2 Sliding and Resistance of No-Slip Connections 342 8.5.3 Pull-Out of Anchors, or Failure of the Anchor Block 345 8.6 Pins 346 8.6.1 Eurocode 3 346 8.6.2 AISC 360-10 347 8.7 Members and Force Transferrers 347 8.7.1 Generality 347 8.7.2 Local Failure Modes 350 8.7.3 Fracture Failure Modes 358 8.7.4 Global Failure Modes 373 References 382 9 Analysis: Hybrid Approach 385 9.1 Introduction 385 9.2 Some Basic Reminders About FEM Analysis of Plated-Structures 386 9.2.1 FEM Analysis as an Engineering Tool 386 9.2.2 Linear Models 387 9.2.3 Linear Buckling Analysis 388 9.2.4 Material Non-Linearity 390 9.2.5 Geometrical Non-Linearity 392 9.2.6 Contact Non-Linearity 394 9.2.7 Non-Linear Analysis Control 396 9.3 IRFEM 400 9.3.1 Goal 400 9.3.2 Hypotheses 401 9.3.3 Construction 402 9.3.4 Examples 408 9.3.5 Results 411 9.3.6 Remarks on the Use of IRFEM 413 9.4 Connector Checks 418 9.4.1 Weld Checks 418 9.4.2 Bolt Resistance Checks 419 9.4.3 Pull-Out Checks 419 9.4.4 Slip Checks 419 9.4.5 Prying Forces 419 9.5 Cleats and Members Non-FEM Checks 426 9.5.1 Action Reaction Principle 426 9.5.2 Bolt Bearing 428 9.5.3 Punching Shear 428 9.5.4 Block Tearing 428 9.5.5 Simplified Resistance Checks 429 9.6 Single Constituent Finite Element Models 430 9.6.1 Remarks on the Finite Element Models of Single Constituents (SCOFEM) 430 9.6.2 Stiffeners 432 9.6.3 Meshing 433 9.6.4 Constraints 437 9.6.5 Loading 439 9.6.6 Members: Deciding Member-Stump-Length 443 9.6.7 Compatibility Issues 444 9.7 Multiple Constituents Finite Element Models (MCOFEM) 445 9.7.1 Goal and Use 445 9.7.2 Mesh Compatibility Between Constituents and Connector Elements 446 9.7.3 Saturated Internal Bolt Layouts and Contact Non-Linearity 447 9.7.4 Constraints 448 9.7.5 Stabilizing Springs and Buckling of Members 448 9.7.6 Need for Rechecks 449 9.8 A Path for Hybrid Approach 449 References 450 10 Analysis: Pure FEM Approach 451 10.1 Losing the Subconnector Organization 451 10.2 Finite Elements for Welds 455 10.2.1 Introduction 455 10.2.2 Penetration Welds 457 10.2.3 Fillet Welds 460 10.3 Finite Elements for Bolts 463 10.3.1 Introduction 463 10.3.2 Bolts in Bearing: No Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling 464 10.3.3 Bolts in Bearing: Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling 465 10.3.4 Preloaded Bolts: No Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling 468 10.3.5 Preloaded Bolts: Explicit Bolt-Hole Modeling 468 10.3.6 Effect of the Bending Moments in Bolt Shafts 469 10.3.7 Example: A Bolted Splice Joint Using PFEM 469 10.4 Loads 478 10.4.1 PFEM 478 10.4.2 MCOFEM 479 10.5 Constraints 480 10.5.1 PFEM 480 10.5.2 MCOFEM 480 10.6 Checking of Welds and Bolts 480 10.7 Checking of Components 481 10.8 Stiffness Evaluation 482 10.9 Analysis Strategies 484 Reference 484 11 Conclusions and Future Developments 485 11.1 Conclusions 485 11.2 Final Acknowledgments 486 11.2.1 Reasons of This Project 486 11.3 Future Developments 487 References 488 Appendix 1: Conventions and Recalls 489 A1.1 Recalls of Matrix Algebra, Notation 489 A1.2 Cross-Sections 490 A1.3 Orientation Matrix 492 A1.4 Change of Reference System 493 A1.5 Pseudocode Symbol Meaning 493 Appendix 2: Tangent Stiffness Matrix of Fillet-Welds 495 A2.1 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Weld Segment 495 A2.2 Modifications for Weld Segments Using Contact 499 A2.3 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Weld Layout for the Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method 500 Appendix 3: Tangent Stiffness Matrix of Bolts in Shear 503 A3.1 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Bolt 503 A3.2 Tangent Stiffness Matrix of a Bolt Layout for the Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method 505 Symbols and Abbreviations 507 Index 513
£98.06
John Wiley and Sons Ltd New Code of Estimating Practice
Book SynopsisThe essential, authoritative guide to providing accurate, systematic, and reliable estimating for construction projectsnewly revised Pricing and bidding for construction work is at the heart of every construction business, and in the minds of construction consultants' poor bids lead to poor performance and nobody wins. New Code of Estimating Practice examines the processes of estimating and pricing, providing best practice guidelines for those involved in procuring and pricing construction works, both in the public and private sectors. It embodies principles that are applicable to any project regardless of size or complexity. This authoritative guide has been completely rewritten to include much more contextual and educational material as well as the code of practice. It covers changes in estimating practice; the bidding process; the fundamentals in formulating a bid; the pre-qualification process; procurement options; contractual arrangements and legal issues; preliminaries; temporTable of ContentsForeword xi Glossary xiii Code of estimating and tendering practice – principles and procedures xxv Section One Principles – the theory and background 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 An imprecise science 3 1.2 Data, information, and knowledge in estimating 4 1.3 Experience, instinct, gut feel, intuition and bias 5 1.4 Optimism bias 6 2 The Fundamentals 7 2.1 Tender and bid 7 2.2 Pricing 7 2.3 Profitability 8 2.4 Types of tender 9 2.5 Tender award 10 2.6 The difference between procurement and tendering 10 2.7 Methods of procurement 11 3 Changes driving estimating practice 13 3.1 Digitisation 13 3.2 E-Tendering 14 3.3 Legislation and taxation 14 3.4 Bureaucracy 14 3.5 Competition and winning work 14 3.6 Specialisation 15 3.7 New technologies and off-site production 15 3.8 New methods of procurement 15 3.9 Best value 15 4 The bid process 17 4.1 Work breakdown structure 17 4.2 Underlying principles 18 5 Health and safety 25 5.1 Introduction 25 5.2 Estimating the cost of health and safety 25 6 The pre-qualification process 31 6.1 Introduction 31 6.2 Bidding for public sector projects 32 7 Procurement, selection, contractual arrangements and legal issues 37 7.1 Methods of procurement 37 7.2 Two-stage tendering 43 7.3 Framework agreements 44 7.4 Concession contracts 44 7.5 Engineer Procure Construct (EPC) 46 7.6 Prime contracting 46 7.7 Early contractor involvement (ECI) 47 7.8 Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) 47 7.9 Selection processes 47 7.10 Integrated design and construction 49 7.11 E-procurement 49 7.12 E-auctions 50 7.13 Abnormally low tenders 50 8 Preliminaries 51 8.1 Site establishment 51 8.2 Insurances, bonds and so on 58 8.3 Site records 61 8.4 Fees and charges 62 8.5 Compliance 63 8.6 Environmental management 65 8.7 Wastewater treatment system 68 8.8 Waste management 69 8.9 Waste disposal, sorting and storage 71 8.10 Setting out 74 8.11 Control and protection 75 8.12 Completion and post-completion requirements 76 8.13 Contingencies 77 8.14 Management and staff 78 9 Temporary Works 81 9.1 Introduction 81 9.2 Temporary works management 83 9.3 Temporary works co-ordinator (TWC) 83 9.4 Temporary works supervisor 84 9.5 Temporary works register 84 9.6 Temporary works design brief 84 9.7 Scaffolding 89 9.8 Falsework 92 9.9 Formwork 93 9.10 Earthworks 94 9.11 Temporary services 97 9.12 Façade retention 98 9.13 Structures – design and loading 99 9.14 Plant foundations 100 9.15 Protection on-site 100 9.16 Traffic management 101 9.17 Temporary access for vehicles and pedestrians 101 9.18 Barriers for pedestrians and vehicles 101 9.19 Haul roads 102 9.20 Works associated with any ordnance uncovered 102 9.21 Signage 102 9.22 Protection of adjacent properties 102 10 Cost-estimating techniques 103 10.1 Approximate quantities 108 10.2 Cost planning 110 11 Private finance initiative/public–private partnerships/build, operate and transfer, and whole-life costing 113 12 Risk management 115 12.1 Background 115 12.2 Risk analysis 118 12.3 Cost estimating accuracy 118 13 Logistics 121 13.1 Materials logistics plan 122 13.2 Materials management 124 13.3 Personnel management and health and safety 124 13.4 Plant, tools and equipment – maintenance and management 124 13.5 Transportation 124 13.6 Traffic management 127 14 Resource and production planning 129 14.1 Planning techniques 130 14.2 Resource planning 130 14.3 Time – its perception and impact on the estimating process 133 15 Computer-aided cost estimating 135 16 BIM and the estimating process 137 16.1 Overview 137 16.2 The challenges of using BIM in the estimating process 138 Section Two Processes – the practice 139 1 Consider and assess 141 1.1 Receive preliminary enquiry 142 1.2 Consider order backlog/new orders 143 1.3 Decision to tender (bid or no bid) 143 1.4 Project information, schedule and questionnaire 148 1.5 Consider client and consultant team and project delivery availability 149 1.6 Assessment criteria – lowest price/quality and so on 150 1.7 The likely competition 151 2 Information and time planning 153 2.1 Works specialty/works contractor enquiries 154 2.2 The bid team 157 2.3 Produce bid timetable/strategy 158 2.4 Examine documents – contract, design, bonds, warranties and insurance 160 2.5 Site visit – utilities, ground conditions, adjacent properties and so on 162 2.6 Method statement/logistics plan 164 3 Contract terms and conditions 171 3.1 Special employer requirements and modifications to standard clauses 173 4 Resource planning and pricing 175 4.1 Pricing the works 176 4.2 Establish unit rates – labour and plant 178 4.3 Establish unit rates – labour, materials and plant 180 4.4 Labour cost issues – a summary 185 4.5 Build-up unit rates 186 4.6 Gang sizes for activities 189 4.7 Allocation of costs 192 4.8 All-in rates for plant and equipment 194 4.9 Select materials and specialty contractors’ quotations 197 4.10 Specialty contractor quotations 199 4.11 Provisional sums – defined and undefined 200 4.12 Incorporating provisional sums in an estimate 200 4.13 Daywork 204 4.14 Pricing the preliminaries 205 4.15 Add allowances 206 5 Prepare estimator’s report 211 6 Examine and consider 215 6.1 Examine preliminaries 216 6.2 Requests for further information 216 6.3 Examine method and tender programme 216 6.4 Examine resource costs 217 6.5 Consider the competition for the project in the market 217 6.6 Consider cash flow and capital requirements for the project 217 7 Bid assembly and adjudication 219 7.1 Finalise the pricing 220 7.2 Bid adjudication/final review 221 7.3 Qualification of any special items of tender 222 8 Pre-production planning and processes 225 8.1 Develop a detailed method statement 226 8.2 Develop production planning schedule 226 8.3 Allocate resources 227 8.4 Obtain licences and so on from local authority and utilities organisation 227 8.5 Ordering of long lead-time materials, plant and equipment 228 8.6 Request for further information from consultants and specialty contractors 229 8.7 Pre-production schedule prior to work commencement 229 8.8 Check conditions of contract award 229 9 Site production 231 9.1 Pricing change and variation orders 232 9.2 Appointment of specialist contractors 232 9.3 Estimating and pricing contractual claims 232 9.4 Production of final account 233 9.5 Cost–value reconciliation 234 Bibliography and References 235 Index 241
£61.16
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Global Construction Success
Book SynopsisA guide to effective corporate and project management in the construction industry with a focus on the role that people play in the process Global Construction Success explores the importance that human dynamics play in risk management of construction projects. Every time a project is structured, designed and built, personal behaviours and inputs can either lead to success or be the cause of failure. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book offers insight into stakeholders' reactions in a variety of situations, provides expert analyses of risk management and proposes potential solutions and recommendations in order to ensure effective construction management. The book explores common causes of project failure, outlines the key factors of successful projects, shows how to implement Public Private Partnerships, explores the different stages of structuring projects and reveals what it takes to manage difficult client/contractor relationships. International case studTrade ReviewLord Andrew Adonis – Chair of the UK National Infrastructure Commission 2017 “Charles O’Neil and his co-authors have produced an impressive and important contribution to the construction industry that should be read by everyone involved in construction projects”. _________________________________________________________________________________ Ian Rogers – Senior Legal Adviser, Arup “This hard-hitting collection of essays reveals the real problems in the construction industry, identifying not just the symptoms and how they might be treated, but also tackling the underlying causes. People and governance are top of the list and until these are addressed, change will be merely superficial. It is a vitally important contribution to the debate over the future of a key global industry”. _________________________________________________________________________________ Datuk Sundra Rajoo – Director Asian International Arbitration Centre (AIAC) – Past President of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, U.K. (2016) “This book is an exceptional collection of insight and wisdom from various experts across the global construction industry. It provides a 360-degree overview of the current state of international construction, including impacts of globalization, a detailed analysis of industry and regional trends in construction as well as the challenges faced by various sectors in the industry, making it relevant across the globe. This book is also written in simple and effective language, identifying the key areas of improvement within the industry and offering viable solutions for all stakeholders concerned. The author has also done a remarkable job in structuring the book in such a way that makes it thorough and comprehensive, which is a boon for all of us in the industry. I believe this book will be a useful reference for all stakeholders concerned with navigating the emerging issues and challenges of risk management that plagues this industry today” _________________________________________________________________________________ Chris Blythe – CEO, The Chartered Institute of Building “A great read with something for anyone wanting a successful construction industry. Construction is the art of getting ordinary people to do extraordinary things. Throughout the book, contributors show the best and worst behaviours that give the industry its extremes of reward and frustration. The wrong behaviours take the ordinary and produce the mediocre by repeating mistakes and not learning from them. Construction is too important as a driver of the global economy for the risks of failure to be as high as they are. This book offers an agenda for de-risking construction.” __________________________________________________________________________________ Gerhard Bester – MD of CAPIC, a South-African owned, specialist consulting services firm in the infrastructure development, construction and engineering industries. “Africa’s decision makers, both public and private, clients and contractors alike, should jump at the opportunity to acquire the benefit of hindsight from the industry in first world countries – Africa generally follows their infrastructure delivery mechanisms, contracting regimes and unfortunately, consequential flaws…Africa has some additional variables to make things more challenging, but we cannot afford to ignore the wisdom and guidance on the way forward if we are to achieve “Global Construction Success” as presented by Charles O’Neil and his co-authors in this aptly named book!” _________________________________________________________________________________ Don Ward – CEO of Constructing Excellence, U.K “So many Governments and industry stakeholders around the world are anxious to see construction sector reform for major improvement in delivery. So why doesn’t it happen faster? The insights in this book are hugely valuable to policy makers and industry leaders everywhere, with their focus on getting strong leadership and vision for projects, modernising the capability of people culture & behaviours in project teams, and aligning common processes and tools. Perhaps most crucial is the alignment of commercial arrangements throughout the supply chain.” _______________________________________________________________________________ Matthew Bell – Senior Lecturer and Co-Director of Studies, Construction Law, Melbourne Law School “Introducing this immensely useful book, Charles O’Neil writes that ‘there is no better experience than learning the hard way’. This is true. Charles and his colleagues have generously shared their experience on construction projects around the world so that the rest of us can recognise and steer away from the commercial, technical and – especially – human factors which cause so many projects to founder”. ___________________________________________________________________________ Nick Barrett – Editor of Construction Law Magazine, U.K. “This book emphasising human factors and risk management in delivering successful construction projects comes at a potentially crucial turning point for the construction industry, with a new readiness to consider major changes to business models and processes evident following the Carillion collapse in the UK. The industry needs to read it”. _________________________________________________________________________________ Mark Farmer – Author of The Construction Industry Review “Modernise or Die” 2016. "I believe we stand at an unprecedented crossroads in the construction industry's evolution driven by a structural and long-term decline in skills and capability. This is no longer another false dawn driven by periodic discontent. The risks of continuing are now all consuming and include the increasingly destructive consequences of poor risk management and embedded conflict. The burgeoning technology led opportunity we are now presented with as our potential saviour will not be maximised though without embracing fundamentally different organisational, procurement and contractual models that drive process integration & common interest. This book is a very useful reference point using key lessons learned and pointing the way forward."_________________________________________________________________________________Catherine Green, NZ Building Disputes Tribunal, BuildLaw "a notable contribution to the literature on construction project management and is a significant book for all who are working in the construction sector.(...)O’Neil’s analysis of the obstacles to senior management and board success are particularly insightful and indisputably of key importance to those who seek to succeed within the sector.(...) In this book, O’Neil and his contributors, have carefully distilled several lifetimes of experience engaged in the construction sector to provide the reader with an extraordinary collection of essays, including references to real-world examples, making the book a practical and easily digestible narrative and analysis which can only assist the reader to attain global construction success." _________________________________________________________________________________ Karen Fletcher, MODERN BUILDING SERVICES October 2019 “Charles O'Neil doesn't pull his punches when describing the problems faced by the global construction industry in his recently-published book Global Construction Success. (...) However, it is also a practical work. O'Neil and 17 contributing authors offer insights into how the industry can learn and improve - removing obstacles to success, ending abuse of supply chains, managing risk better. And while there is an examination of what can go wrong in construction projects, the publication does highlight what makes projects successful. Without giving too much away, competent leadership and professional teams play a major role, along with professional consultants and efficient subcontractors.” _________________________________________________________________________________ Dr Donald Charrett, Published in International Construction Law Review (2019) ICLR 439, © 2019 International Construction Law Review “…comprehensively addresses the many factors that influence the success or failure of a construction project. It is a very practical book – the authors all have many years of experience on major projects in the construction industry. (...) This is one of the book’s great strengths – considered views from a variety of construction practitioners with different perspectives.(...) This book has something of importance for all the stakeholders involved in the delivery of a construction project. They must cooperate to achieve a successful outcome, and along the journey they must manage a variety of risks, which requires robust processes for corporate and project management. A successful project is not achieved in the absence of teamwork and communication – two of the fundamental ‘people’ themes in this excellent book. It will undoubtedly make a significant contribution to more successful construction projects in the future - an important achievement for a better world.” _________________________________________________________________________________ Paul Morrell, PROJECT Autumn 2019 "(...) it is asserted that 99 per cent of crashed projects are attributable to human behaviour, and there are strong chapters on this area - neglected in an industry motivated by a 'projects culture'.(...) competitive advantage comes from being able to demonstrate not just the required body of knowledge, but also the instincts, attitude and skill necessary to navigate one's way through the minefield. This book will help.” Table of ContentsAuthor's Notes xxi Acknowledgements xxiii Biographies xxv Preface xxxiii Why Have I Written this Book? xxxiii Objectives xxxv My Journey from the Australian Bush to International Construction xxxvi Who Should Read this Book and Why? xxxix Conclusion xxxix 1 Introduction 1 Ian Williams 1.1 Opening Remarks 1 1.2 Section A – The State of the Industry (Chapters 2–6) 2 1.3 Section B – People and Teamwork (Chapters 7–11) 2 1.4 Section C – The Right Framework – Forms of Contract, Business Models, and Public Private Partnerships (Chapters 12–15) 3 1.5 Section D – Management of Risk (Chapters 16–23) 3 1.6 Section E – Robust Processes – Corporate and Project Management (Chapters 24–27) 4 1.7 Section F – Emerging Conclusions (Chapter 28) 4 1.8 Final Note 4 Section A – The State of the Industry 5 2 Global Overview of the Construction Industry 7 2.1 Introduction – Globalisation Impacts on Construction 7 2.2 Construction Industry Cycles 7 2.3 Industry Trends – Business Models, Contract Types, Financing, Technology 8 2.4 Regional Trends – Middle East, Asia Pacific, Africa, the Americas, UK and Europe 9 2.5 Bad News and Its Consequences 11 2.6 The Good News – Significant Improvements in the Right Direction 13 2.7 Summary and Conclusions 15 3 Construction Consultants in the Global Market Place 19 Judy Adams 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Political Risk 19 3.3 Regional/Cultural Differences 20 3.4 Payment or Fee Recovery 21 3.5 Localisation 21 3.6 Failure to Attract or Retain Skilled People 21 3.7 Contractual Terms and Conditions 22 3.8 Ability to Deliver Across Major Projects/Programmes 22 3.9 Cyber Security 22 3.10 Contractor Failure 23 3.11 Design Liability 23 4 Common Causes of Project Failure 25 4.1 Introduction 25 4.2 High Profile ‘Problem Projects’ Since 2000 26 4.3 The 35 Common Causes 30 4.4 Project Leadership – How Bad Can It Get? 41 4.5 Lessons Learnt from Incompetent Site Management 43 4.6 Conclusion 44 5 The Use and Abuse of Construction Supply Chains 45 Professor Rudi Klein 5.1 Introduction 45 5.2 Construction: An Outsourced Industry 46 5.3 Adverse Economic Forces Bearing Down on the Supply Chain 47 5.4 Supply Chain Dysfunctionality 47 5.5 Addressing the Issues and Solutions 48 5.6 The Future 58 6 A Discussion on Preventing Corporate Failure: Learning from the UK Construction Crisis 59 Stephen Woodward and Nigel Brindley 6.1 A Call to Action’ 59 6.2 Lifting the General Level of Corporate Management 61 6.3 Improving Risk Management 64 6.4 Joint Recommendations by the Corporate Risk Manager and the Investment Banker 65 6.5 Conclusions 67 Section B – People and Teamwork 69 7 Obstacles to Senior Management and Board Success 71 7.1 Introduction 71 7.2 Groupthink and Team Selection 72 7.3 Training 73 7.4 Choosing the Wrong Strategy and/or Projects 74 7.5 Need for ‘Macro-Level’ Focus, with Effective Corporate Oversight (‘the Wider Picture’) 75 7.6 Effective Communication and Delegation 76 7.7 Summary 77 8 Structuring Successful Projects 79 8.1 Introduction 79 8.2 So What Happens on Successful Projects? What Are the Key Factors that Create Success? 79 8.3 The Different Activities and Responsibilities, from Concept to Completion of Construction 80 8.4 Checklist for Structuring Successful Projects 85 8.5 Summary 90 9 Understanding and Managing Difficult Client/Contractor Relationships 91 David Somerset 9.1 Introduction 91 9.2 Problems Posed by Difficult Clients 91 9.3 How to Manage Difficult Clients 92 9.4 Problems Posed by Difficult Contractors 95 9.5 Steps to Manage Difficult Contractors 96 9.6 Conclusion 97 10 Social Intelligence – The Critical Ingredient to Project Success 99 Tony Llewellyn 10.1 Introduction 99 10.2 Project Intelligence 100 10.3 Social Intelligence 100 10.4 Learning and Development 102 10.5 Building Cohesive Teams 103 10.6 Introducing a Specialist into Your Team 103 10.7 Coaching the Team 104 10.8 Managing Behavioural Risk 104 11 Practical Human Resources Considerations 107 11.1 The Changing Job Requirements in the Construction Industry – Government and Corporate 107 11.2 The Argument for Broader Based Training of Tomorrow’s Industry Leaders 108 11.3 What Makes a Good Leader in the Construction Industry – for Contractors, Government Departments and PPP Players? 108 11.4 Personnel Recruitment and Positioning – A Different Perspective 109 11.5 Leadership Considerations 110 11.6 The Inherent Risks of Decision Making for Survival 112 11.7 The Human Fallout from a Failed Project 113 11.8 Summary 114 Section C – The Right Framework – Forms of Contract, Business Models, and Public Private Partnerships 115 12 The Contract as the Primary Risk Management Tool 117 Rob Horne 12.1 Common understanding (or lack thereof) 118 12.2 Clarity 118 12.3 Knowledge transfer 119 12.4 Adaptability 119 12.5 Acceptance 119 12.6 Application 119 13 The New Engineering Contract (NEC) Interface with Early Warning Systems and Collaboration 129 Richard Bayfield 14 Development Contracting – An EfficientWay to Implement Major Projects 133 Jon Lyle 14.1 Introduction 133 14.2 Major Projects Are Unique 133 14.3 Commitment and Costs 134 14.4 The Tools for Successful Development Contracting 135 14.5 Conclusion 145 15 A Critical Review of PPPs and Recommendations for Improvement 147 15.1 Introduction 147 15.2 Proponents and Opponents 150 15.3 Project Viability and Necessary Due Diligence 153 15.4 Some Current Perspectives on the PPP Process 155 15.5 Efficient Structuring and Managing of PPPs 160 15.6 PPP Claims and Disputes 164 15.7 Summary of Key Factors for Success and Minimising Risk 165 Section D – Management of Risk 167 16 A Tale of Oil Rigs, Space Shots, and Dispute Boards: Human Factors in Risk Management 169 Dr Robert Gaitskell QC 16.1 Human Factors in Risk Management 169 16.2 The Challenger Disaster 169 16.3 Dispute Boards 171 16.4 Nuclear Fusion 173 16.5 The ITER Project 174 16.6 Conclusion 175 17 Effective Risk Management Processes 177 17.1 Introduction 177 17.2 Effects of Human Behaviour in Risk Management 177 17.3 Typical Project Risks 178 17.4 Keeping Risk Management Simple 180 17.5 Procedures to Eliminate, Mitigate, and Control Risks 183 17.6 Conclusions 187 18 Risk Management and its Relation to Success in the North American Context 189 John McArthur 18.1 Introduction 189 18.2 Relationship of Success to Risk Management 191 18.3 Planning for Success and Managing Risks 194 18.4 Go/No-Go Stage 194 18.5 Summary 196 18.6 Recent Projects: A Success and a Failure 197 19 Early Warning Systems (EWSs), the Missing Link 199 Edward Moore and Tony Llewellyn 19.1 Introduction 199 19.2 Look Outside of the Technical Bubble 199 19.3 Cultural Barriers 200 19.4 Learning to Value ‘Gut Feel’ 201 19.5 Case Study 202 19.6 Summary 204 20 Construction Risk Management – Technology to Manage Risk (ConTech) 205 Rob Horne 20.1 Introduction to Technology in Construction 205 20.2 What Do We Mean by ConTech? 206 20.3 ConTech as a Tool Not a Toy 209 20.4 Major Projects – Temporary Smart Cities 211 20.5 Smart City Principles 212 20.6 ‘Smart’ Commercial Management 213 20.7 Dehumanising Risk Management 214 20.8 Joining the Dots for Exponential Growth 218 20.9 Project Control and Risk Management –The Future 223 20.10 Conclusion 225 21 Intelligent Document Processes to Capture Data and Manage Risk and Compliance 227 Graham Thomson 21.1 Introduction 227 21.2 The Dimensions of IDF 229 22 Organisational Information Requirements for Successful BIM Implementation 233 Dr Noha Saleeb 22.1 Introduction 233 22.2 Leveraging Organisational Information Requirements for Business Success 234 22.3 Developing OIRs Using BIM 236 22.4 Conclusion 243 References 243 23 Examples of Successful Projects and how they Managed Risk 245 23.1 Introduction 245 23.2 People, People, People – London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games 245 Ian Williams 23.2.1 Governance 247 23.3 Managing Risk – Tunnels for Heathrow’s Terminal 5 (2001–2005) 249 Ian Williams Acknowledgements 255 Bibliography 256 23.4 Cyber Design Development – Alder Hey Institute in the Park, UK 256 Stephen Warburton 23.5 The Importance of Clear Ownership and Leadership by the Senior Management of the Client and the Contractor 258 Charles O’Neil Section E – Robust Processes – Corporate and Project Management 261 24 Planning and Programming Major Projects 263 Charles O’Neil and Rob Horne 24.1 The Foundations of Success 263 24.2 Monitoring ‘Progress versus Programme’ and ‘Cost-to-Complete versus Budget’ 265 24.3 Extensions of Time, Concurrency and Associated Costs 267 24.4 Ownership of Float 270 25 Managing and Resolving Conflict 275 David Richbell 25.1 Conflict Can Be Good 275 25.1.1 Different Truths 275 25.1.2 Difficult Conversations 275 25.2 Co-operation Versus Confrontation 276 25.3 We Are All Different 276 25.4 Fairness or Justice (or Both) 278 25.5 Relationships 278 25.6 The Move Towards Collaborative Working 279 25.7 Best Deals 279 25.8 Staged Resolution 279 25.9 Conclusion 282 26 Dispute Resolution – The Benefits and Risks of Alternative Methods 283 26.1 Introduction 283 26.2 Avoiding Formal Disputes Through Early Communications and Negotiations 283 26.3 Main Considerations of the Parties When They End Up in a Formal Dispute 285 26.4 What Do Commercial Clients Want Out of a Formal Dispute Process? 285 26.5 Working with Lawyers 286 26.6 Techniques for Negotiating Settlements 287 27 Peer Reviews and Independent Auditing of Construction Projects 291 Section F – Emerging Conclusions 295 28 Conclusions and Recommendations 297 28.1 Overview 297 28.2 Where Is the Global Industry Headed? 298 28.3 Key Observations and Recommended Actions 299 28.4 Final Thoughts 303 Appendix A 305 Index 307
£69.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Building Chicken Coops For Dummies
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Conventions Used in This Book 2 What You’re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 3 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part 1: All Cooped Up 4 Part 2: Constructing a Coop 4 Part 3: Checking Out Coop Plans 4 Part 4: The Part of Tens 4 Icons Used in This Book 5 Beyond the Book 5 Where to Go from Here 5 Part 1: All Cooped Up 7 Chapter 1: Flocking to Your Own Chicken Coop 9 Understanding the Basics of Housing 9 Looking at the Gear You’ll Need 10 Choosing Coop Materials 11 Getting Up to Speed on Carpentry 12 Constructing a Coop: The Nuts and Bolts 13 Readying the site 14 Framing 14 Putting up walls, a roof, and more 15 Adding special touches 15 Building a run 16 Hooking up electricity 16 Checking Out a Few Coop Designs 16 Chapter 2: Beginning with Housing Basics 19 Providing Basic Benefits with Your Coop 20 Analyzing the Anatomy of a Coop 21 Making Your Coop Convenient for You 23 Selecting Your Coop’s Location and Size 23 Before you begin: Considering zoning and covenant concerns 24 Looking at proximity to houses 24 Utilizing utilities 25 Digging into drainage issues 27 Understanding that yes, size matters 27 Choosing a Coop to Fit Your Needs (and Skills) 28 A-frames and hoops 29 Chicken tractors 30 All-in-one coops 31 Walk-in coops 31 Chapter 3: Gathering Your Gear 35 Putting Safety First with Essential Equipment 36 Digging Up Dirt on Garden Tools 37 Measuring and Marking Lumber for Your Coop 37 Measuring up tape measures 38 Making your mark 38 Sizing Up Saws and Supports 39 Putting In Posts 42 Digging postholes 42 Setting the posts 43 Mixing and pouring concrete 44 Framing Your Coop 45 Honing in on hammers 45 Nailing it with a nail gun 46 Pressing a screw gun into service 47 Leveling and Squaring As You Build 48 Just level with me 48 It’s hip to be square 48 Working with Wire 49 Cutting wire 49 Fastening wire 50 Checking Out Other Miscellaneous Tools 50 Chapter 4: Deciding on Materials 53 Before You Shop: Considering Recycled Materials 53 Lumbering Through Boards for Your Build 54 Sizing boards 54 Figuring out what type of board to buy 55 Knowing what to look for in a board 56 Shopping for Sheet Goods 57 Sizing sheet goods 58 Checking out plywood and OSB 58 Steering clear of certain sheet goods 59 Getting Attached to Fasteners 60 Notes about nails 60 Stuff about screws 63 Figuring Out Flooring 67 Wondering About Walls 68 Getting to the Root of Roofing 68 Researching Your Run 70 Finding your fencing 70 Picking your posts 72 Adding It Up: Estimating the Amount of Materials You Need 73 Chapter 5: Building Your Carpentry Skills 75 Measuring and Marking Materials 76 Reading the tale of your tape 76 “V” marks the spot, and “X” marks the trash 76 Chalk it up 77 Cutting Wood Safely 78 Selecting saw blades 78 Cutting board lumber 79 Cutting sheet goods 84 Assembling Materials 85 Nailing it down 85 Screwing it in place 86 Joining Pieces at Tricky Angles 88 Toe-nailing 88 Pocket hole joinery 89 Plates 90 Using Levels and Squares 91 Carpenter’s level 91 Specialty levels 92 Speed squares 93 Part 2: Constructing A Coop 95 Chapter 6: Preparing the Site 97 First Things First: Clearing the Site 98 Checking the Level of the Ground 98 Installing Posts in the Ground 99 Digging holes for footings 99 Bracing your posts 102 Mixing and pouring concrete 103 Securing Posts Aboveground 105 Mounting posts on top of concrete footings 105 Using concrete pier blocks 106 Topping Your Posts 107 Chapter 7: Laying the Lumber: Framing 101 109 Building a Subfloor 110 Framing the joists 110 Installing the decking 113 Framing the Walls 114 Laying out studs 115 Assembling wall panels on the ground 116 Framing Doors and Windows 118 The extra parts needed to frame doors and windows 118 Walking through extra framing steps 118 Raising the Wall 120 Fastening Walls Together 122 Framing the Roof 123 Getting the pitch perfect 123 Analyzing a roof’s anatomy 124 Building a roof frame 125 Cutting and attaching rafters 126 Chapter 8: Adding Walls, Doors, Windows, and a Roof 129 Putting Up Walls 130 Fastening plywood in place 130 Cutting out openings 132 Working with other materials 133 Building a Basic Shed Door 136 Making Your Own Window 139 Topping Off Your Coop with a Roof 140 Hanging out your shingles 140 Conquering corrugated panels 145 Venting Your Coop 146 Chapter 9: Building Creature Comforts 149 Finalizing Your Flooring 149 Coming Home to (a) Roost 150 Location, location, location 150 Roost requirements: Making your roost out of different materials 152 Securing and supporting your roost 153 Feathering a Nest Box 154 Designing nest boxes 154 Building nest boxes 156 Other options: Buying or repurposing nest boxes 157 Ramping Up 157 Chapter 10: Assembling a Run 161 Framing a Simple Run 162 Working with Wire Mesh 164 Sizing up, measuring, and cutting the wire 164 Fastening the wire to your posts 165 Adding even more wire 167 Chapter 11: Plugged In: Basic Electricity for Your Coop 169 Calling a Pro to Run a Line to Your Coop 170 Buzzing About Outlets versus Switches 171 Receptacles (also known as outlets) 171 Switches 173 Letting There Be Light 173 Deciding whether to include artificial light in your coop 173 Properly placing the right amount of lighting in your coop 174 Choosing fixtures 174 Warming Up to Heaters 176 Falling for Fans 177 Part 3: Checking Out Coop Plans 179 Chapter 12: The Minimal Coop 181 Vital Stats 182 Materials List 182 Cut List 183 Shelter floor 183 Front wall 184 Back wall 184 Right and left walls 185 Roof framing 186 Nest boxes 186 Assembling the Coop 187 Chapter 13: The Alpine A-Frame 191 Vital Stats 192 Materials List 192 Cut List 193 Shelter floor 193 Gable 1 (nest box side) 194 Gable 2 (run side, interior) 195 Gable 2 (run side, exterior) with run door 196 Roof panel 1 (fixed side) 197 Roof panel 2 (hinged door) 198 Nest boxes 198 Roost 199 Run panel 1 200 Run panel 2 with door 201 Run gable 202 Assembling the Coop 202 Chapter 14: The Urban Tractor 205 Vital Stats 206 Materials List 206 Cut List 207 Tractor base and shelter floor 207 Left wall 208 Right wall 209 Front wall 210 Rear wall and chicken door 210 Run posts and framing 211 Cap plate and roof rafters 212 Roof, fascia, and gables 212 Access door 213 Nest boxes 214 Run door and chicken ramp 215 Assembling the Coop 216 Chapter 15: The All-in-One 221 Vital Stats 222 Materials List 222 Cut List 223 Skids and floor skirting 224 Shelter floor 224 Right wall framing 225 Front wall framing 226 Left wall framing 226 Back wall framing 227 Exterior wall sheathing 228 Run framing 229 Roof framing and rafters 229 Roof, gables, and fascia 230 Shelter access door and slam strips 231 Chicken door, slam strips, and ramp 232 Nest boxes and roost bar 232 Nest box door and slam strips 233 Front wall trim 234 Back wall trim 234 Right wall trim 235 Left wall trim 236 Run access door 236 Assembling the Coop 237 Chapter 16: The Walk-In 243 Vital Stats 244 Materials List 244 Cut List 245 Skids and floor 245 Front wall framing 246 Back wall framing 247 Right wall framing 247 Left wall framing 248 Front wall sheathing and trim 249 Back wall sheathing 249 Right and left wall sheathing and trim 250 Roof rafters 250 Gable ends and soffits 251 Roof, gable overhangs, and fascia 251 Access door 252 Chicken door 253 Nest box door 253 Nest boxes 254 Roost 255 Assembling the Coop 255 Part 4: The Part of Tens 261 Chapter 17: Ten or So Things Novice Coop-Builders Would Have Done Differently 263 Make the Coop Bigger 264 Make the Coop Taller 264 Consider the Location More Carefully 265 Don’t Cheap Out on Materials 265 Use Screws Rather than Nails 266 Elevate the Coop Off the Ground 266 Make the Doors Wider 266 Consider How to Clean the Coop 267 Make the Nest Box Easily Accessible 267 Paint the Coop Before Assembly 268 Reinforce the Run Underground 268 Chapter 18: Ten or So Cool Ideas to Trick Out Your Coop 269 Electricity 270 Solar Power 270 Running Water 270 Storage Space 271 A Quarantine Area 271 An Automatic Feeder and Waterer 272 A Removable Droppings Pan 273 Wheels 273 A Retractable Roof 273 “Air-Lock” Doors 274 Automatic Door Closers 274 A Wireless Weather Station 274 Index 277
£16.14
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Building Procurement
Book SynopsisAs an industrial process, construction is unique. The procurement processes used to achieve the successful completion of built assets requires a different approach to that adopted in most other industries, due to the design of buildings being bespoke and the sites being geographically varied. The procurement process is central to the success of any construction project and many of the problems which impact construction projects can be traced back to the procurement phase, so a good understanding of the methods of procurement, the development of a procurement strategy and the influence it has on project success is essential for all those working in the industry. Much has changed in the global construction industry since publication of the second edition ofBuilding Procurement,for example the increase in debt burden of many major economies, widespread adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) Technology in the industry and the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union. ThisTable of ContentsPreface to the Third Edition xvii 1 Introduction 1 References 5 2 Procurement Strategy: A Literature Review 7 Introduction and Early History 7 Procurement Route Selection Models 8 Towards a Broader View 9 Defining Project Success 11 Team Relationships, Supply Chain Management and Communication and Their Effect on Project Performance 12 Teamwork and Team Performance 12 Partnering: Introduction and Early Development 14 Partnering: A Critical Review 14 Partnering Variants 17 Partnering Dissected 17 Procurement and Multicultural Teams 18 Supply Chain Management 19 The Role of the Client in the Procurement Process 20 The Interrelationship Between the Components of the Overall Procurement Approach: Strategic Procurement Management 21 Legal and Contractual Issues, Including Public Sector Procurement Legislation, and Their Effect on Project Performance 22 International Procurement Comparisons and the Impact of Cultural Differences 24 Risk Allocation and Reward 26 Bid Evaluation Techniques 27 Environmental and Sustainability Issues and the Procurement of Construction Work 29 Sustainable Procurement for Construction Projects 31 Conclusion 32 References 33 3 Principles of Strategic Procurement 49 Introduction 49 Procurement: A Review of Theory and Practice 52 A Strategic Approach to Procurement 54 Components of the Procurement Process 54 Functional Needs Analysis 55 Development of an Overall Procurement Philosophy 55 Components of a Collaborative Relationship 57 Detailed Design of the Procurement Approach 59 Formalisation of Contractual Relationships 59 Selection of the Most Appropriate Partners 60 Implementation 61 Collaborative Procurement in the Public Sector 61 Conclusion 62 References 63 4 Public Sector Projects 65 Introduction: Why Should Public Sector Projects Be Different? 65 What Constitutes the Public Sector? 66 Central Government 67 Government and the Construction Industry 68 Building Information Modelling 70 Responsible Agencies 70 The Gateway Process 70 Local Government and Other Bodies Governed by Public Law 72 Best Value 73 The Public Contracts Regulations 2015 74 References 74 5 Project Initiation 77 Introduction 77 Strategic Fit 78 Payback 79 Assessment of Options 82 Achievability 83 Affordability 83 Defining the Project 84 Prioritisation of Objectives 84 Conclusion 86 References 87 6 Briefing and the Design Process 89 Introduction 89 Project Briefing: An Overview 89 Types of Construction Client 91 Questions to Determine the Type of Client 93 Time 93 Cost 93 Quality 94 Likelihood of Post-Contract Client Changes 94 Degree of Accountability Required 94 Project Complexity 94 The Briefing Process 94 Briefing: A Historical Perspective 95 Different Briefing Approaches 96 The Generic Types of Brief 97 Developing the Strategic Brief 98 Developing the Project Brief 99 The Project Execution Plan 100 What Issues Does the PEP Need to Address? 101 When Should It Be Prepared? 102 Who Prepares the PEP? 103 How Is the PEP Prepared? 103 Project Briefing: The Case of Hospitals 104 Critical Factors for Success in the Briefing Process 105 References 107 7 Procurement Strategies and Procurement Routes 111 Introduction 111 Procurement Strategy 117 Developing a Procurement Strategy 120 Procurement Routes 121 Factors to Be Considered in Selecting a Procurement Route 122 Factors Outside the Control of the Project Team 123 Client Resources 123 Project Characteristics 123 Ability to Make Changes 123 Risk Management 124 Cost Issues 124 Project Timing 124 Construction Times 125 Performance 126 Selection of a Procurement Route 126 Procurement Routes: A Review 130 Traditional (Design–Bid–Build) 130 Design and Build 133 Measurement (Remeasurement or Measure and Value) 138 Construction Management 139 Management Contracting 141 Design and Manage 142 New Models of Construction Procurement 143 Cost Led Procurement 143 Two Stage Open Book 144 Integrated Project Insurance 145 Adoption of the New Models of Construction Procurement in the Industry 145 References 146 8 Project Team Selection 149 Introduction 149 The Selection Process 151 Prequalification 151 Production of the Tender List 154 Tender Evaluation 154 Price 155 Technical Evaluation 155 Commercial Evaluation 155 Interview 155 Award of the Contract 156 Selecting a Consultant 156 Selecting a Contractor 159 Early Contractor Involvement 160 References 160 9 Managing the Procurement Process 163 Introduction 163 The Project Manager 164 First Tasks of the Project Manager 166 Developing the Project Execution Plan 166 Identifying the Project Team 167 Implementing the Procurement Strategy 167 Project Resources 167 Financial Resources 167 Human Resources 168 Physical Resources 168 Temporary Organisational Structure 169 Contractual Arrangements 169 Systems and Controls 170 Time Management 170 Design Management 172 Design Risk 173 Cost Management 174 Quality Control 177 Change Control 178 Commissioning 179 Occupation and Take-over 179 Building Information Modelling 180 The Construction Act 183 Social Value in Construction Procurement 184 Health, Safety and Wellbeing 186 Conclusion 187 References 187 10 The Value of Design 191 Introduction 191 Considering Value in the Business Context 192 The Value of Good Design 193 Managing Value 196 Value Management 196 Value Management Workshops 198 The Benefits of Value Management 199 Value Engineering 200 Application of Value Engineering in the Construction Industry 200 Value Engineering Workshops 201 References 201 11 Risk Management 203 Introduction 203 Risk and Uncertainty 204 Types of Risk 205 Risk Management Strategies 205 Identifying Risk 206 Assumption Analysis 206 Checklists 207 Brainstorming 207 Delphi Technique 207 Cause and Effect of Risk 209 Other Risk Identification Techniques 209 Examples of Risks 209 Analysing Risk 210 Qualitative Assessment 211 Quantitative Assessment 211 Sensitivity Analysis 212 Probability Analysis 213 Decision Trees 214 Choosing a Risk Management Strategy 216 Risk Management Strategies 216 Risk Avoidance 216 Risk Reduction 216 Risk Transfer 216 Risk Sharing 217 Risk Retention 217 Risk Allocation 217 The Empty Chair Theory 218 Monitoring and Controlling Risk 219 References 220 Further Reading 220 12 Partnering Culture and the Management of Relationships 221 Introduction 221 The Latham Review and Subsequent Developments 221 The Rise of Collaborative Approaches to Procurement 222 Collaborative Approaches to Construction Work 223 Contractual Approaches to Collaboration 224 The Joint Contracts Tribunal Forms of Contract Including the Standard Form of Building Contract 224 The New Engineering Contract Engineering and Construction Contract Edition 3 224 The Association of Consultant Architects Project Partnering Contract 225 Perform21 Public Sector Partnering Contract 225 Target Cost Contracts 226 What Advantages Does Partnering Bring? 227 Managing a Successful Partnering Arrangement 227 The Role of the Workshop Facilitator 228 Facilitation Guidelines 229 Agenda 229 Structure and Climate 229 Regular Summaries 229 Control of Phases 229 Gatekeeping 229 Team Composition 229 Managing Relationships 230 Why Is Relationship Management Important? 230 Establishing the ‘Cultural Fit’ 231 What Is Culture? 232 Understanding Culture 232 Achieving Cultural Fit 233 Mutual Objectives 234 Team Development 235 The Nature of Trust 237 Maintenance of the Relationship 238 The Project Supply Chain 240 The Holistic Approach 241 The Bicameral Approach 241 The Unilateral Approach 242 The Collaborative Approach 242 A Case Study: Procurement of a Long-Term Multi-Project Alliance – Sheffield Hallam University 243 Introduction 243 The Campus Development Plan 243 Procurement 244 The Stradia Brief 245 The Contractual Relationship 246 Organisation and Management 246 The Contractor Selection Process 247 The Written Submission 247 The Financial Submission – Tender Cost Models 247 Behavioural Assessment 248 Insurances 248 Selection of the Consultancy Group 248 Conclusion 249 Acknowledgements 249 References 249 13 Privately Financed Public Sector Projects 251 Introduction 251 Historical Development 251 Modern Models for Privatisation 254 Outright Privatisation 254 Participative Privately Financed Techniques 255 Corporatisation and the Use of Semi-Private (Mixed) Companies 256 Publicly Owned Corporations 256 Semi-Public Corporations 257 Management Contracts 257 The Leasing or Build–Lease–Transfer Model 258 Pre-Financing 259 Mixed Models 259 Concession-Based Methods 260 Build–Operate–Transfer 260 Build–Own–Operate–Transfer 261 Build–Transfer–Operate and Build–Transfer–Service–Maintain 262 Build–Own–Operate 262 Lease–Renovate–Operate–Transfer 262 Design–Build–Finance–Operate 263 Design–Construct–Manage–Finance and Design–Build–Finance–Operate–Manage 263 Public Private Partnerships 264 The Private Finance Initiative 264 Genesis 264 Problems 265 Understanding the Rules 266 High Bidding Costs 266 Risk 266 Refinancing 267 Value for Money 268 Design 270 The Relationship Between PFI Client and Contractor 270 Small Projects 273 Concession Agreements 273 Current Developments 277 Conclusion 279 References 279 14 Construction Procurement: Europe 283 Introduction and Background 283 The Development of the Professions 285 Europe 286 The European Union 286 European Procurement Practice 287 The French System 287 The Architect 288 Contractors 288 The Client 288 Contractual Approaches 289 Tender Documentation 292 Contracts 292 Contemporary Developments 294 The Northern European Approach 294 The Mediterranean Approach 296 Greece 297 Italy 297 Spain and Portugal 298 Procurement Rules: European Union Principles and Procedures 299 Non-discrimination and Transparency: The Role of the EU 299 EU Directives 300 The Supplies Directive and Amendments 301 The Works Directive and Amendments 301 The Utilities Directive and the Utilities Remedies Directive 302 The Services Directive 302 The Public Sector Directive 303 Tendering 303 Value Thresholds 304 Tendering Procedures 305 Open Tendering 305 Restricted Tendering 305 Negotiated Tendering 305 Competitive Dialogue 306 Framework Agreements 307 Electronic Auctions 308 Sustainability and Environmental Issues 309 Specifying Sustainability Requirements and the Selection of Tenderers 310 Sheltered Workshops 310 Use of Variant Bids 310 Use of Contract Award Criteria 310 Timescales 310 Award Procedures 311 The Remedies Directive 313 Enforcement of EU Directives 313 References 314 15 Construction Procurement: USA, the Middle East, Africa, and China 315 Introduction and Background 315 Construction Procurement in the USA 316 Introduction 316 Procurement Routes 316 Design–Bid–Build 317 Design–Build Process 317 Construction Management 318 Construction Management at Risk 318 Job Order Contracting 319 Time and Materials Contracting 319 Best Value Selection 319 Summary 320 The Middle East 320 Construction Procurement in Sub-Saharan Africa 322 Introduction 322 Procurement Approaches 323 Public Private Partnerships 325 The Influence of Chinese Investment on Procurement in SSA 327 The People’s Republic of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 328 The Chinese Construction Industry 329 The ‘External’ Construction Industry 329 The Indigenous Construction Industry 330 The Construction Professions 330 Opportunities for Western Companies 331 References 332 16 Procurement of Work to Heritage Buildings 335 Introduction 335 The Heritage Challenge 336 Procurement: The Heritage Context 337 The Value of Built Heritage 341 The Importance of Cultural Significance 343 Statutory Protection for Heritage Buildings 345 Listed Buildings 345 Conservation Areas 346 Scheduled Monuments 346 World Heritage Sites 347 Managing Change in the Historic Environment 347 Planning for Conservation 347 Conservation Plans 347 Conservation Statements 348 Asset Management Plans 348 Heritage Impact Assessments 348 The Planning Process 349 The Role of the Conservation Advisor 349 Procurement Processes and Procedures 350 The Investigation Contract 351 A Case Study in the Procurement of Work to Historic Buildings: The Derby Roundhouse 351 The Existing Buildings: Historical Background 353 The Genesis of the Project 358 The Final Scheme 359 Site Surveys and Pre-tender Investigations 363 The Tender Process 364 The Partnering Process 365 Post-contract Processes 366 Practical Issues on Site 366 Repairs to Historic Structures 366 Integration of Building Services 367 Project Timeframe, Costs, and Team 367 A Case Study in the Procurement of Work to Historic Buildings: The Belton House Stables Project 368 The Existing Buildings: Historical Background 368 The Stables Building 369 The Stables Scheme 370 Feasibility Studies and Project Design 372 Site Surveys and Pre-tender Investigations 374 Procurement Approach 375 Post-contract Processes 375 Practical Issues on Site and Variations 376 Programme and Cost 377 Summary 378 Acknowledgements 379 References 379 17 Summary 383 References 386 A Procurement Route Selection Checklists 387 Checklist 1: Time 387 Checklist 2: Design 388 Checklist 3: Cost 388 Analysis 389 Index 391
£53.06
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Why Do Buildings Collapse in Earthquakes Building
Book SynopsisWHY DO BUILDINGS COLLAPSE IN EARTHQUAKES? Learn from the personal experience and insights of leading earthquake engineering specialists as they examine the lessons from disasters of the last 30 years and propose a path to earthquake safety worldwide Why Do Buildings Collapse in Earthquakes?: Building for Safety in Seismic Areas delivers an insightful and comprehensive analysis of the key lessons taught by building failures during earthquakes around the world. The book uses empirical evidence to describe the successes of earthquake engineering and disaster preparedness, as well as the failures that may have had tragic consequences. Readers will learn what makes buildings in earthquake zones vulnerable, what can be done to design, build and maintain those buildings to reduce or eliminate that vulnerability, and what can be done to protect building occupants. Those who are responsible for the lives and safety of building occupants and visitorsarchitects, designers, Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Chapter 1. Introduction: why this book? 1.1 Earthquakes - an underrated hazard 1.2 Earthquakes, buildings, people 1.3 The authors’ experience of earthquake risk assessment 1.4 Aims of this book 1.5 Outline of the book References Chapter 2. How do buildings behave in earthquakes? 2.1 Learning from earthquakes 2.2 Significant earthquakes since 2000 2.3 What can we learn from these significant earthquakes? 2.4 Earthquake losses in rich and poor countries 2.5 Are earthquake losses decreasing over time? References Chapter 3. How are buildings constructed in earthquake zones? 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Built form, climate and earthquake resistance 3.3 Building construction types by earthquake zone Box 3.1 Profile: Randolph Langenbach 3.4 Summary References Chapter 4. What happens in an earthquake? 4.1 What is an earthquake? 4.2 Volcanic earthquakes and Induced seismicity 4.3 How earthquakes travel through different media 4.4 Secondary Hazards Box 4.1 Profile: Toshitaka Katada 4.5 Compound threats References Chapter 5. How do different forms of construction behave in earthquakes? 5.1 Introduction: range and classification of building construction types 5.2 Masonry construction Box 5.1 Profile: Laurie Baker 5.3 Reinforced concrete construction 5.4 Timber frame construction 5.5 Steel frame construction 5.6 Comparing the vulnerability of different construction types References Chapter 6 How is the population affected? 6.1 Causes of earthquake casualties 6.2 Casualties due to building collapses 6.3 Survivability of an occupant in a building 6.4 Other causes of casualties 6.5 How can we estimate the number of injured and killed in an earthquake? 6.6 Estimating fatalities due to building collapses 6.7 Estimating casualties from secondary hazards and cascading effects 6.8 The way forward References Chapter 7. How can buildings be improved? 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Design of engineered buildings 7.3 Strengthening existing buildings 7.4 Building for safety programmes Box 7.1 Profile: Amod Dixit Box 7.2 Profile: Rajendra and Rupal Desai 7.5 Public awareness of earthquake risk: creating a safety culture References Chapter 8. Successes and failures in earthquake protection: a country comparison 8.1 Introduction: the survey 8.2 High achievers 8.3 Limited achievers 8.4 Continuing and growing risks 8.5 Country comparison of unsafe structures 8.6 Comparison of the country groups Acknowledgements References Chapter 9. The way forward: what part can different actors play? 9.1 International agencies and global initiatives 9.2 Governments 9.3 Businesses and organisations 9.4 Homeowners and individual citizens Box 9.1. Profile: Tracy Monk 9.5 Scientists and Engineers Box 9.2 Profile: Edward Ng Box 9.3 Profile: Lucy Jones 9.6 Non-government organisations 9.7 Insurers 9.8 The way forward References
£79.16
John Wiley and Sons Ltd A Handbook for the Sustainable Use of Timber in
Book SynopsisThere is a growing interest in the use of wood in new building, not least because it has low embodied energy and it is an infinitely renewable resource. Despite a great deal of innovation in the use of wood in construction in recent years, the fundamentals of using this natural material have not really changed: the different types of wood have different properties and differing responses to the environment in which they are used. When used correctly, wood is an excellent building material but when inappropriately specified or used, it may cause problems.Poor understanding of the properties of wood and the many species and grades that are commercially available can result in this versatile material performing below expectation, and certainly less well than could have been achieved with greater understanding about how best to use it. How Wood Works is a combination of the author's two previous books, into one comprehensive volume. Revised and updated material to deal with the essentiaTable of ContentsPreface xiii Part One How Timber Works: Wood as a Material – Its Main Processes and Uses 1 1 Wood as a Material 3 1.1 Tree growth and wood formation 5 1.2 Cellulose, carbon dioxide, and oxygen 7 1.3 The essential cell structure of wood 9 1.4 Wood grain 11 1.5 Dimensional changes in wood 15 1.6 Cambium, pith, heartwood, and sapwood 17 1.7 Natural durability 20 1.8 Permeability in timber 21 1.9 Pits 24 1.10 Chapter summary 26 2 More on Wood – With Some Comments about Timber Trading 29 2.1 Should we call it ‘wood’ or ‘timber’ (or even ‘lumber’)? 29 2.2 Wood species and timber trading 30 2.3 Softwoods and hardwoods 30 2.4 Some more information on wood’s cell structure 33 2.5 The significance of ‘trade names’ versus ‘scientific names’ 38 2.6 Growth rings 42 2.7 Earlywood and latewood 43 2.8 Rate of growth in softwoods 43 2.9 Rate of growth in hardwoods 45 2.10 Chapter summary 48 3 Two Fundamental Factors in Using Wood: Fire and Water 49 3.1 Wood and fire 49 3.2 Wood and moisture 54 3.3 Kiln drying 66 3.4 Air drying 69 3.5 Problems with timber as it dries 72 3.6 Timescales for drying timber 79 3.7 Chapter summary 81 4 Specifying Timber: For Indoor or Outdoor Uses – With Some Information on the Biological Attack of Wood 83 4.1 British and European standards 83 4.2 Durability and treatability of different wood species 84 4.3 Use classes 85 4.4 Examples of the use of timbers in different use class situations 86 4.5 Hazard and risk – and their relative importance 87 4.6 Use class 1: examples 87 4.7 Insects that can attack wood 91 4.8 Treatment against insect attack 94 4.9 Use class 2: examples 95 4.10 Use class 3: examples 97 4.11 Use class 4: examples 102 4.12 Wet rot and ‘dry rot’ 107 4.13 Modified wood 109 4.14 Use class 5: examples – plus two marine organisms which can eat wood 110 4.15 Chapter summary 112 5 Wood Preservatives and Wood Finishes 115 5.1 Rule number one: treat the timber last! 115 5.2 Wood preservative types 117 5.3 ‘Old’ and ‘new’ treatments 117 5.4 Basic methods of timber treatment 117 5.5 Preservative chemicals 120 5.6 ‘Treated’ timber 123 5.7 Chapter summary 131 6 Timber Quality: Defects in Wood and Grading for Appearance 133 6.1 The need for grading 134 6.2 ‘Quality’ or ‘grade’? 135 6.3 Quality 136 6.4 Grade 137 6.5 Different types of grading 137 6.6 ‘Appearance’ grading 137 6.7 Appearance grading based on selection by inherent defects 138 6.8 Scandinavian appearance grades 141 6.9 Unsorted, fifths, and sixths 143 6.10 Russian appearance grades 144 6.11 Saw falling 145 6.12 European appearance grades 145 6.13 North American appearance grades 146 6.14 Clears, merchantable, and commons 148 6.15 A comparison of Scandinavian and North American grades 149 6.16 Appearance grading based on ‘cuttings’ 149 6.17 NHLA grades 150 6.18 Malaysian grades 154 6.19 Rules are made to be bent (within reason!) 157 6.20 Shipper’s usual 157 6.21 J classes 158 6.22 Exposed face 159 6.23 Chapter summary 160 7 Strength Grading and Strength Classes 163 7.1 Appearance versus strength 166 7.2 Visual strength grades 166 7.3 GS and SS strength grades 167 7.4 Strength classes for softwoods 168 7.5 BS EN 1912 168 7.6 SC3, SC4: C16 and C24 169 7.7 Machine grading 171 7.8 Other strength grades: Europe and North America 172 7.9 Select structural, no. 1 and no. 2 structural, and stud grades 172 7.10 TR26 173 7.11 CLS 175 7.12 Specifying a strength class or wood species: things to think about 176 7.13 Hardwood strength grading 177 7.14 Tropical hardwoods 178 7.15 Temperate hardwoods 178 7.16 The ‘size effect’ 179 7.17 Hardwood strength classes 180 7.18 Marking of strength-graded timber 181 7.19 Chapter summary 183 8 Wood-Based Sheet Materials 185 8.1 Plywood construction 186 8.2 Two fundamental properties of plywood 186 8.3 The basic types of plywood 188 8.4 Problems with veneer ‘layup’ 192 8.5 ‘WBP’ 192 8.6 Exterior 194 8.7 EN 636 plywood types 194 8.8 Adhesives used in plywood 195 8.9 BS 1088 marine plywood 196 8.10 Plywood glue bond testing 197 8.11 Plywood face quality 199 8.12 Appearance grading of face veneers 199 8.13 Plywood certification 202 8.14 Particleboards 205 8.15 Fibreboards 208 8.16 Chapter summary 212 9 Principles of Timber Engineering (by Iain Thew) 215 9.1 Timber as an ‘engineering material’ 216 9.2 Loads: their actions on structures 217 9.3 Load transfer 218 9.4 Bending, compression, and tension stresses 218 9.5 The use of strength classes 220 9.6 Load duration and its significance 222 9.7 Effects of timber moisture content on engineering properties 223 9.8 Load sharing 224 9.9 Deflection and ‘creep’ 224 9.10 Trussed rafters 225 9.11 ‘Engineered timber’ joists 226 9.12 Glulam and LVL 227 9.13 Cross-laminated timber 229 9.14 Chapter summary 230 Part Two Using Timber and Wood-Based Products in Legal and Sustainable Way 231 10 Some Things You Should Know About Wood, Trees, and Forests 233 10.1 Some very basic comments on how trees grow 233 10.2 How long can trees live for – and how ‘old’ is an old tree? 235 10.3 The properties of different timbers 236 10.4 Distribution of tree types 236 10.5 Natural forests 238 10.6 Managed forests: conifers 242 10.7 Managed forests: broadleaved trees 245 10.8 Plantations: both softwoods and hardwoods 247 10.9 Planting trees to help with climate change 253 11 The Concept of ‘Sustainability’ 255 11.1 Being sustainable: a definition – and a target 255 11.2 What can we do to help? 258 11.3 Should we be cutting down trees? 259 11.4 Using the forest resource: the economic argument 262 11.5 Legal harvesting 263 11.6 The UK Timber Trade Federation and its ‘responsible purchasing policy’ 265 12 Voluntary Timber Certification Schemes 269 12.1 Some more details about the RPP 269 12.2 Checking legality I: the Corruption Perceptions Index 271 12.3 Checking legality II: FLEGT 275 12.4 Checking legality III: MYTLAS 277 12.5 Checking legality IV: other ‘legality’ certification schemes 278 12.6 Checking sustainability: chain-of-custody certification 280 12.7 UKWAS 286 12.8 Third-party assurance 287 12.9 How chain-of-custody schemes operate 287 13 UK Government, EU, and Other Countries’ Regulations: Legally Trading in World Timbers 289 13.1 Checking up on the checkers: CPET and beyond 289 13.2 Help with legality and sustainability requirements in a UK context 290 13.3 The UK government’s requirements for TPP 290 13.4 Category A and category B: ‘proof of compliance’ 291 13.5 Current and future supplies of certified timber 293 13.6 The EUTR: Europe’s compulsory ‘timber legality scheme’ 294 13.7 Due Diligence 294 13.8 How to Satisfy the EUTR (or now, in the UK, the UKTR) 295 13.9 Putting together a due diligence system 297 13.10 Maintaining a due diligence system 298 13.11 ‘First placer on the market’ 299 13.12 CE marking and the CPR 300 13.13 CITES: what exactly is It? 301 14 Softwoods Used in Construction – With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials 307 14.1 European redwood, or scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) 308 14.2 European whitewood (principally Picea abies) 310 14.3 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 311 14.4 Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) 312 14.5 ‘Douglas fir’ (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 313 14.6 Larch (mainly Larix decidua and Larix kaempferi/Larix leptolepis) 314 14.7 ‘Western red cedar’ (Thuja plicata) 315 14.8 Southern pine (Pinus spp., principally Pinus elliottii, Pinus echinata, Pinus palustris, and Pinus taeda) 316 14.9 Yellow pine (Pinus strobus) 317 14.10 Species groups 318 15 Some Hardwoods Used in Construction – With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials 321 15.1 ‘Vulnerable’ timbers 322 15.2 Timber names: a bit more information 323 15.3 Ash, American (Fraxinus spp.) 324 15.4 Ash, European (Fraxinus excelsior) 326 15.5 Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus) 326 15.6 Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis or Dicorynia paraensis) 328 15.7 Beech, European (Fagus sylvatica) 328 15.8 Bilinga 329 15.9 Birch, European (mainly Betula pubescens, sometimes Betula pendula) 329 15.10 Cherry, American (Prunus serotina) 330 15.11 Chestnut, sweet (Castanea sativa) 330 15.12 Cupiuba 331 15.13 Ekki (Lophira alata) 331 15.14 Eucalyptus 332 15.15 Eveuss (Klainedoxa gabonensis) 332 15.16 Gedu nohor (Entandrophragma angolense) 332 15.17 Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei; formerly Ocotea rodaiei) 332 15.18 Guariuba (Clarisia racemosa) 333 15.19 Idigbo (Terminalia ivorensis) 333 15.20 Iroko (Milicia excelsa) 334 15.21 Kabukalli (Goupia glabra) 334 15.22 Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) 335 15.23 Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) 335 15.24 Kosipo (Entandrophragma candollei) 336 15.25 Mahogany, African (principally Khaya ivorensis and Khaya anthotheca) 337 15.26 Mahogany, Central American (Swietenia macrophylla) 337 15.27 Maple (Acer saccharum) 338 15.28 Majau (Shorea spp.) 338 15.29 Massaranduba (Manilkara spp.) 338 15.30 Meranti (Shorea spp.) 339 15.31 Merbau (Intsia bijuga) 340 15.32 Missanda (Erythrophleum guineense and Erythrophleum ivorense) 340 15.33 Movingui 341 15.34 Oak, American red (principally Quercus rubra and Quercus falcata) 341 15.35 Oak, American white (principally Quercus alba and Quercus prinus, but also Quercus lyrata and Quercus michauxii) 341 15.36 Oak, European (mainly Quercus robur, but also Quercus petraea) 342 15.37 Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) 343 15.38 Omu 343 15.39 Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii) 343 15.40 Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) 344 15.41 ‘Red grandis’ (really Eucalyptus grandis) 344 15.42 Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum) 345 15.43 Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis) 346 15.44 Teak (Tectona grandis) 346 15.45 Tali 347 15.46 Tiama 347 15.47 Tulipwod 347 15.48 Utile (Entandrophragma utile) 347 15.49 Walnut, American (Juglans nigra) 348 15.50 Walnut, European (Juglans regia) 348 15.51 Whitewood, American or tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera) 349 16 The Use and Reuse of Timber and Wood-Based Products: The Carbon Cycle, End-of-Life Disposal, and Using Wood as Biomass 351 16.1 Should we ‘save’ all the trees? 351 16.2 The true ‘carbon cycle’ 352 16.3 End-of-life disposal of timber and wood-based products 353 16.4 Recycled timber 354 16.5 Disposal of timber in landfill 355 16.6 Burning wood: fossil fuels versus biomass 356 16.7 Biomass 357 17 Energy Considerations: Other Construction Materials Compared with Wood 361 17.1 Embodied energy 362 17.2 Cradle-to-grave analysis 364 17.3 Cradle to cradle: or the ‘circular economy’ 366 17.4 BREEAM 366 17.5 Assessment criteria 367 17.6 Contribution of timber to ‘sustainable building’ 368 17.7 The overall cost of being ‘sustainable’ 370 Appendix A A Glossary of Wood and Timber Terms Used in the Timber and Construction Industries 371 Appendix B A Select Bibliography of Some Useful Technical Reference Works, Plus Some Other Information on Timber and Wood-Based Products 385 Appendix C Some Helpful Technical, Advisory, and Trade Bodies Concerned with Timber 387 Index 389
£66.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Construction Technology Handbook
Book SynopsisTired of new software that doesn't seem to work in the field? Ready to get your teams up to speed and productive with the latest tools? The Construction Technology Handbook takes a ground up, no jargon look at technology in the construction industry. From clear, quickly grasped explanations of how popular software actually works to how companies both large and small can efficiently try out and onboard new tools, this book unlocks new ways for construction field teams, firm owners, managers, leaders, and employees to do business. You'll learn about: Simple frameworks for making sense of all the new options cropping upHow software and data work and how they work together to make your job easier and saferWhat artificial intelligence really isand how it can help real companies todayTools that are just over the horizon that will, one day, make your job just a little bit easierNew and practical resources to help you incorporate an attitude of innovation and technology adoption into your workplace Perfect for general contractors and subcontractors, The Construction Technology Handbook also belongs on the bookshelves of construction technology vendors and construction workers who want to better understand the needs of the construction industry and the inner workings of construction technology, respectively.Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Software 25 Chapter 3 Software Networks 49 Chapter 4 Construction Software 69 Chapter 5 Industrialized Construction 93 Chapter 6 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 101 Chapter 7 Applying Artificial Intelligence 123 Chapter 8 Future Tools 141 Chapter 9 Innovation and Technology Adoption 161 Chapter 10 The Digital Construction Mindset 187 Bibliography 191 About the Author 193 Index 195
£26.24
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Barrys Advanced Construction of Buildings
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsHow to Navigate This Book ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The function and performance of buildings 1 1.2 New methods and products 8 1.3 Product selection and specification 10 Chapter 2 at a Glance 17 2 Offsite Construction 19 2.1 Functional requirements 21 2.2 Offsite design and production processes 24 2.3 Pre- assembly 27 2.4 Joints and joining 31 2.5 Prefabricated housing 32 2.6 Additive manufacturing (3D printing) 36 Chapter 3 at a Glance 39 3 Pile Foundations, Substructures and Basements 41 3.1 Pile foundations 41 3.2 Ground stabilisation 61 3.3 Substructures and basements 64 Chapter 4 at a Glance 83 4 Single- storey Frames, Shells and Lightweight Coverings 85 4.1 Lattice truss, beam, portal frame and flat roof structures 85 4.2 Roof and wall cladding and decking 127 4.3 Rooflights 150 4.4 Diaphragm, fin wall and tilt- up construction 163 4.5 Shell structures 173 Chapter 5 at a Glance 189 5 Structural Timber Frames 191 5.1 Functional requirements 191 5.2 Timber 193 5.3 Modified and engineered timber products 198 5.4 Timber- framed walls 202 5.5 High- rise structural timber frames 216 Chapter 6 at a Glance 219 6 Structural Steel Frames 221 6.1 Functional requirements 221 6.2 Methods of design 223 6.3 Steel sections 227 6.4 Structural steel frames 234 6.5 Welding 254 6.6 Fire protection of structural steelwork 269 6.7 Floor construction for structural steel frames 276 Chapter 7 at a Glance 291 7 Structural Concrete Frames 293 7.1 Concrete 293 7.2 Concrete mixes 298 7.3 Reinforcement 304 7.4 Formwork and falsework 316 7.5 Prestressed concrete 331 7.6 Lightweight concrete 336 7.7 Concrete structural frames 339 7.8 Precast reinforced concrete frames 350 7.9 Lift slab construction 356 Chapter 8 at a Glance 359 8 Envelopes to Framed Buildings 361 8.1 Terms and definitions 361 8.2 Functional requirements 362 8.3 Infill wall framing to a structural grid 372 8.4 Cavity walling 373 8.5 Facings applied to solid and cavity wall backings 376 8.6 Cladding panels 387 8.7 Sheet metal wall cladding 410 8.8 Glazed wall systems 420 8.9 Double skin façades 436 Chapter 9 at a Glance 439 9 Lifts and Escalators 441 9.1 Functional requirements 441 9.2 Lifts (elevators) 443 9.3 Escalators and moving walkways 454 Chapter 10 at a Glance 457 10 Fit Out and Second Fix 459 10.1 Commercial fit out 459 10.2 Raised floors 461 10.3 Suspended ceilings 465 10.4 Internal partition walls 470 Chapter 11 at a Glance 477 11 Existing Buildings: Pathology, Upgrading and Demolition 479 11.1 The pathology of buildings 479 11.2 Decay and defects 484 11.3 Conservation of buildings 488 11.4 Façade retention methods 491 11.5 Retrofitting 501 11.6 Demolition, disassembly and recycling 511 11.7 Reuse and recycled materials 515 Index 521
£32.36
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Construction Microeconomics
Book SynopsisCONSTRUCTION MICROECONOMICS Unique and comprehensive reference describing microeconomic approaches, theories, and models adapted to and developed for the construction industry Construction Microeconomics provides comprehensive coverage of microeconomics applied to the construction industry, focusing on construction clients, who initiate construction projects, and on contractors who transform the ideas and plans of clients into infrastructure and buildings. With the help of microeconomic theory, it tries to answer questions about decision-making by clients, contractors, and governments with respect to projects in the built environment. It includes discussions of alternative theories to mainstream microeconomics, such as new institutional economics, behavioral economics, and the capability approach. Applications from the construction sector including land supply, sustainability, industrialization, and lean construction are provided to ground the theory in practical construction. In ConstTable of ContentsForeword by Gerard de Valence xix Preface xxi References xxvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Navigating the Maze of Economic Literature 2 1.1.1 Economics 2 1.1.2 Microeconomics 3 1.1.3 Macroeconomics 4 1.1.4 Construction Economics 4 1.2 Tools and Presentations 5 1.2.1 Definitions 5 1.2.2 Economic Scholars 6 1.2.3 Assumptions 6 1.2.4 Case Studies 6 1.2.5 Observations 7 1.2.6 Summaries 7 1.3 Methodological Approach 8 1.3.1 Laws and Regularities 8 1.3.2 Focus and Goals 11 1.3.3 Descriptive and Normative Economics 12 1.4 Theoretical Background 13 1.4.1 Industrial Economics 13 1.4.2 New Institutional Economics 14 1.4.3 Game Theory 15 1.4.4 Auction Theory 16 1.4.5 Behavioral Economics 16 1.4.6 Economics of Information 17 1.4.7 Law and Economics 17 1.5 What You Can and Cannot Expect 17 1.6 Audience 19 1.6.1 Students 19 1.6.2 Lecturers 19 1.6.3 Academics 19 1.6.4 Contractors 19 1.6.5 Owners 20 1.6.6 Policymakers 20 1.7 Structure of the Text 20 1.7.1 Basic Economic Principles 20 1.7.2 Consumers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 21 1.7.3 Producers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 21 1.7.4 Interaction in Perfectly Competitive Markets 21 1.7.5 Imperfect Markets 22 1.7.6 Factor Markets 22 1.7.7 Information, Risk, and Uncertainty 22 1.7.8 Game Theory and Auctions 23 1.7.9 Construction Sector 23 1.7.10 Theory of the Owner 23 1.7.11 Theory of the Contractor 24 1.7.12 Construction Goods 24 1.7.13 Construction Markets 24 1.7.14 Contracting 25 1.7.15 Market Imperfections 25 1.7.16 Government 25 1.7.17 Public Construction Goods 26 1.7.18 Conclusion 26 1.7.19 Synopsis 26 References 27 Part I Microeconomics 31 2 Basic Economic Principles 33 2.1 Consensual Ideas 35 2.2 Scarcity and Choice 36 2.3 Decision-Making 39 2.3.1 Opportunity Costs 39 2.3.2 Incentives 40 2.3.3 Marginal Decisions 41 2.4 Markets 41 2.5 Trade and Comparative Advantage 44 2.6 Government 47 References 48 3 Consumers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 51 3.1 Perfectly Competitive Markets 53 3.2 Consumer Behavior 55 3.2.1 Budget Constraint 55 3.2.2 Preferences and Utility Functions 56 3.2.3 Utility Maximization 60 3.3 Demand Curve 62 3.4 Further Reading 64 References 65 4 Producers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 67 4.1 Producer Behavior 68 4.2 Production Theory 70 4.2.1 Technology 71 4.2.2 Production Functions 75 4.2.2.1 Classical Production Function 77 4.2.2.2 Neoclassical Production Function 79 4.2.2.3 Limitational Production Function 82 4.2.2.4 Technological Change (Innovation) and Learning 83 4.3 Cost Theory 85 4.3.1 Cost Curves for Classical Production Functions 86 4.3.2 Cost Curves for Neoclassical Production Functions 88 4.3.3 Cost Curves for Limitational Production Functions 89 4.3.4 Simplified Cost Function with Constantly Increasing Variable Costs 89 4.3.5 Long-Run Cost Curves 91 4.4 Supply Curve 92 4.4.1 Short-Run Supply Curve of a Firm 92 4.4.2 Long-Run Supply Curve of a Firm 94 4.4.3 Market Supply Curve 94 References 95 5 Interaction in Perfectly Competitive Markets 97 5.1 Equilibrium Price and Quantity 99 5.2 Comparative Statics 101 5.3 Elasticities of Demand and Supply 102 5.4 Consumer and Producer Surplus 106 5.5 Time-Dependent Supply Curves and Market Outcomes 107 5.5.1 Very-Short-Run Supply Curve 108 5.5.2 Short-Run Supply Curve 108 5.5.3 Long-Run Supply Curve 109 5.6 Welfare 110 5.7 Efficiency and Equity 112 References 113 6 Imperfect Markets 115 6.1 Monopoly 117 6.1.1 Normal Monopolies 118 6.1.2 Natural Monopolies 120 6.2 Monopolistic Competition 121 6.3 Monopsony 124 6.4 Oligopoly 125 References 126 7 Factor Markets 129 7.1 Factor Supply of Households 131 7.1.1 Labor Supply 131 7.1.2 Capital Supply 133 7.2 Factor Demand of Firms 135 7.3 Demand and Supply on Factor Markets 137 References 137 8 Uncertainty, Risk, and Information 139 8.1 Uncertainty and Risk 140 8.1.1 Risk Attitudes 141 8.1.2 Risk Strategies 142 8.1.3 Transaction Cost Theory 144 8.2 Information 146 8.2.1 Satisficing Model of Decision-Making 146 8.2.2 Asymmetric Information 149 8.2.2.1 Principal–Agent Theory 149 8.2.2.2 Market Breakdown Due to Asymmetric Information 149 8.2.2.3 Hidden Characteristics and Adverse Selection 150 8.2.2.4 Hidden Intentions and Holdup 151 8.2.2.5 Hidden Action and Moral Hazard 152 8.2.3 Property Rights Theory 153 References 153 9 Game Theory and Auctions 155 9.1 Game Theory 156 9.1.1 Basics of Game Theory 157 9.1.2 Static Games with Complete Information 159 9.1.3 Dynamic Games with Complete Information 160 9.2 Auctions 161 9.2.1 Basics of Auctions 161 9.2.2 English and Vickrey Auctions 163 9.2.3 Dutch Auctions and Sealed-Bid Auctions 164 9.2.4 Competitive Bidding 164 References 167 Part II Applied Construction Microeconomics 169 10 Construction Sector 171 10.1 Definition 172 10.2 Economic Contribution 174 10.2.1 Value-Added Concept 174 10.2.2 Investment Concept 176 10.2.3 Multiplier Concept 177 10.3 Actors in the Construction Sector 179 10.3.1 Market Demand 181 10.3.2 Market Supply 183 10.4 Summary of the Construction Sector 185 References 186 11 Theory of the Owner 189 11.1 The Owner as an Entity 190 11.1.1 Terminology 190 11.1.2 Images and Prejudices 191 11.1.3 Organization 192 11.2 Tasks of the Owner 194 11.3 Behavior of the Owner 195 11.3.1 Consumers Buying Construction Goods 195 11.3.2 Producers Buying Construction Goods 196 11.4 Information of the Owner 197 11.5 Developing a Contract 198 11.6 Procurement of a Contractor 199 11.7 Supervision of the Construction Process 202 11.8 Summary 203 References 203 12 Theory of the Contractor 205 12.1 The Contractor as an Entity 205 12.1.1 Cooperation 206 12.1.2 Organization 207 12.2 Tasks of the Contractor 208 12.3 Behavior of the Contractor 209 12.3.1 Strategy 211 12.3.2 Legal Organization 212 12.3.3 Growth of the Firm 214 12.4 Information of the Contractor 215 12.5 Bidding 216 12.6 Contractor Pricing 217 12.7 Production 220 12.7.1 General Characteristics 220 12.7.2 Production Determinants 222 12.7.2.1 Production Line, Work Shop, Site Construction, Parallel, or Variable Production 222 12.7.2.2 Automatization 224 12.7.2.3 Mass or Single-Item Production 225 12.7.2.4 Continuous and Discontinuous Production 225 12.7.2.5 Summary of Production Types 226 12.7.3 Production Functions and Cost Curves 228 12.7.4 Production Decisions 233 12.8 Summary 234 References 234 13 Construction Goods 237 13.1 Goods and Services 237 13.1.1 Heterogeneity 238 13.1.2 Construction Goods as Transitional Performance Bundles 240 13.1.3 Construction Goods as Contract Goods 242 13.1.4 Construction Goods as Investment 244 13.1.5 Construction Goods as Services 244 13.1.6 Summary of the Characteristics of Construction Goods 246 13.2 Typology of Construction Goods 247 13.2.1 Approach to Developing a Typology 248 13.2.2 Conceptualization 248 13.2.2.1 Choice of Dimensions 249 13.2.2.2 Typical Cases 250 13.2.2.3 Typology 250 13.2.3 Applications 253 13.2.3.1 Market Entry 253 13.2.3.2 Optimum Firm Size 253 13.2.3.3 Strategic Planning 255 13.3 Summary 256 References 256 14 Construction Markets 259 14.1 Characteristics of Markets 259 14.2 Particularities of Construction Markets 261 14.2.1 Goods 261 14.2.2 Owners 262 14.2.3 Markets 262 14.2.4 Summary 263 14.3 Analysis of Construction Markets 263 14.3.1 Heterogeneity 265 14.3.1.1 Observation 266 14.3.1.2 Theory 266 14.3.1.3 Organization 266 14.3.1.4 Structure 266 14.3.1.5 Specialization 267 14.3.1.6 Law 267 14.4 Owners 268 14.5 Contractors 268 14.5.1 Supply 268 14.5.2 Information 269 14.6 Geography of Construction Markets 270 14.6.1 Regional Markets 271 14.6.2 National Markets 274 14.6.3 International Markets 279 14.6.4 Multinational Markets 280 14.6.5 Global Players and Global Markets 283 14.7 Entry and Exit Barriers 285 14.7.1 Effects of the Business Cycle 286 14.7.2 Number of Exits and Entries 290 14.8 Summary 292 References 293 15 Contracting 297 15.1 Construction Goods 298 15.2 Construction Markets 300 15.3 Owner’s Demand 301 15.4 Contractor’s Supply 302 15.5 Construction Contracts 303 15.6 Contracting Market Design 305 15.7 Pricing of Construction Contracts 307 15.7.1 Marginal Cost Decisions Versus Markup Pricing 308 15.7.2 Auctioning 310 15.7.2.1 Construction Goods and Auctions 310 15.7.2.2 Auction Designs 312 15.7.3 Sealed-Bid Auctions 315 15.7.3.1 Pricing in Sealed-Bid Auctions 316 15.7.3.2 Pricing bias 316 15.7.3.3 Information Bias 317 15.7.3.4 Uncertainty Bias 318 15.7.3.5 Technology Advance 319 15.8 Supply and Demand in Construction 319 15.9 The Owner as Monopsonist 320 15.10 Bargaining for the Contract Price 322 15.11 Change Orders and Claims 325 15.12 Summary 326 References 327 16 Market Imperfections 329 16.1 Imperfect Information 329 16.2 Externalities 331 16.3 Collusion and Corruption 334 16.3.1 Collusion 334 16.3.1.1 Naturally Caused Collusion 336 16.3.1.2 Artificially Caused Collusion 337 16.3.2 Corruption 338 16.4 Mechanics or Ethics of Collusion 340 16.5 Conclusion 341 References 342 17 Government 343 17.1 Government as Actor on Markets 344 17.2 Taxes and Subsidies 346 17.3 Regulations 348 17.4 Interest Rates 350 17.5 Inflation 353 References 354 18 Public Goods 355 18.1 Characteristics of Private Goods 356 18.1.1 Rivalry 357 18.1.2 Excludability 358 18.2 Theory of Public Goods 359 18.2.1 Demand of a Public Good Based on Utility 360 18.2.2 Demand for a Public Good Based on Willingness to Pay 361 18.3 Free Riding 362 18.4 Cost–Benefit Analysis 363 18.5 Construction Goods as Public Goods 363 18.6 Strategic Misrepresentation and Optimism Bias 364 References 365 19 Conclusion 367 19.1 Methodical Context 367 19.2 Owners 369 19.3 Contractors 370 19.4 Construction Goods 371 19.5 Construction Markets 371 19.6 Contracting 373 References 374 Index 375
£67.50
