Constitution: government and the state Books

Book SynopsisRead The Taiji Government and you will discover a bold and original revisionist interpretation of the formation of the Qing imperial constitution. Contrary to conventional wisdom, which portrays the Qing empire as a Chinese bureaucratic state that colonized Inner Asia, this book contends quite the reverse. It reveals the Qing as a Warrior State, a Manchu-Mongolian aristocratic union and a Buddhist caesaropapist monarchy. In painstaking detail, brushstroke by brushstroke, the author urges you to picture how the Mongolian aristocratic government, the Inner Asian military-oriented numerical divisional system, the technique of conquest rule, and the Mongolian doctrine of a universal Buddhist empire together created the last of the Inner Asian empires that conquered and ruled what is now China.Trade Review“Despite strongly developed historiography on the Mongolian sources of Qing institutions and political culture, in my view Munkh-Erdene is the first to develop in English the idea of a continuing organic relationship with the Mongolian aristocracy as a central controlling principle of Qing imperial governance. And what he proposes does challenge modern historiography. (…) Not only did taiji governance in Mongolia continue without disruption, it became the foundation of the dominant political values of the Qing state—its constitution. On this point Munkh-Erdene places himself in opposition to David M. Farquhar, Christopher P. Atwood, Nicola Di Cosmo, Johan Elverskog, Peter C. Perdue, Zhang Shiming and others (Oka Hiroki is given an occasional merit for not being entirely sinocentric), who all argue that the Qing used progressive bureaucratization (though in varying degrees) of the governance of Mongolia as its most effective tool for undermining the traditional elites and installing its own tame Mongol aristocrats and religious leaders. (…) No Qing, Mongolia, or Inner Asia specialist who gives The Taiji State an attentive reading will accept stock generalizations about conquest, empire, or Mongolia.” - Pamela Crossley, Journal of Chinese Studies, DOI: 10.29708/JCS.CUHK.202301_(76).0012 "One can read Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene’s new book in one of two ways: either as a well-documented study of Manchu-Mongolian relations and the concurrent transformation of indigenous Mongolian political institutions in the early seventeenth century or as an ambitious revision of fundamental narratives of Mongolian and Qing history between 1600 and 1911.(...) Whichever angle the reader adopts, this is a work that deserves to be taken seriously and that will certainly inspire lively debate among students of Qing history, Mongolian studies, and comparative empire alike.[T]his is a very rich book, ambitious and wide-ranging, assiduously researched, and clearly organized and presented, which will repay careful reading and rereading." - Mark Elliott, Harvard University, Journal of Asian Studies, 82:2 (2023) doi: 10.1215/00219118-10290740Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Maps and Figures List of Abbreviations Note on Transcription and Translation Introduction 1 The Qing Inner Asian Political Order  1 The Qing Constitution: The Triumph of the Bureaucratic-Colonial Model  2 The Qing Tributary System: Suzerain–Vassal State Relations  3 The Manchu Colonialism: Chinese Defensive Empire into Chinese Conquest Empire  4 Manchu’s Mongolian Social Revolution  5 The Chinggisid Taiji Government and Mongolia and the Qing 2 Alliance to Coalition  1 Pre-1636 Manchu-Mongolian Relations: Alliance to Tutelage?  2 Manchu-Mongolian Princely Treaties: Defensive Alliances  3 Manchu-Khorchin Engagement and Manchu Dependence on Khorchin  4 The Creation of External Mongolia and the Formation of a Multilateral Coalition  5 The Coalition, Assembly, Codes, and Leadership 3 The Manchu Conquest: Winner Takes All  1 Shifting Borders: Qurban Tsönggereg to Shariljitai to Shonkhor  2 Changing Stories: Ligdan’s Flight or Hong Taiji’s Defeat?  3 The Demise of the Mongolian Great State and the Rise of the Daiching State  4 Ligdan: From Lawful Great Khan to Quixotic Delusional Dreamer  5 Charisma: The Very Essence of Inner Asian Politics 4 From the Taishi Government to the Taiji Government  1 The Mongol Empire and the Northern Yuan Dynasty  2 The Taishi Government and Its Demise  3 Dayan Khanid Reign: The Rise of the Taiji Government  4 The Taiji Government Structure: A Federal Constitutional Monarchy 5 The Taiji Government: A Parliamentary Aristocracy  1 The Seven Khoshuus or the Khalkha Tümen  2 An Aristocratic Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy  3 The Chuulgan: An Aristocratic Parliament  4 The Jasag: An Appointed Central Government  5 The Khoshuu: Autonomous Lordship and Government Unit  6 The Northern Yuan: An Inner Asian Parallel to the Holy Roman Empire 6 The Rise and Fall of the Jaisang Government  1 The Destruction of the Great State: Contrary-to-Government Deeds  2 The Abolishment of Taiji Government: Ligdan’s Reform and Princely Revolts  3 The Dissolution of Tümen-Khanates  4 The Saghang Saga: A Coup and the Demise of the Mongol Empire  5 The Proclamation of the Daiching Ulus: A United Manchu–Mongolian State 7 Aimag and Pre-Modern Mongolia in Modern Euro-Sinocentric Vision  1 Bichurin’s Foresight: Aimag from Principalities to Tribes to Secondary Tribes  2 Aimag and Mongolia in Modern Euro-Sinocentric Vision  3 Archaeology of Aimag or External Aimag  4 The External Aimags: Mongolian Principalities  5 The Internal Aimags: Manchu Principalities 8 The Daiching Ulus and Mongolia: An Inner Asian Aristocratic Federation  1 Conferral Letter: Covenant as Investiture  2 Covenant, Pillars, and Co-Rulers: One Accord, Mutual Reliance, and Tüshiyetü Khan  3 The Daiching Ulus: An Inner Asian Aristocratic Federation  4 The Daiching Gurun as Pax Manjurica and Pax Mongolica 9 The Mongolian World Order and the Daiching Ulus  1 The Chakravartin Monarchy and the Great State of Five Colors and Four Aliens  2 The Altanid Redefinition: The Dyarchy of Aristocracy and Theocracy  3 For the Sake of the Government and the Faith: Seeking the Qubilaid Legitimacy  4 Claiming ’Phags-pa’s Seat 10 The Rivalry of the Daiching Ulus and the Döchin and Dörben  1 The Rise of the Döchin and Dörben  2 The Daiching Ulus and the Döchin and Dörben Hostility  3 The Qing and the Khalkha Treaty  4 Turmoil in the Döchin and Dörben: Structural Problems within the Regime  5 The Khüren Belchir Assembly and Zanabazar’s Justice  6 The Failure at the Khüren Belchir Assembly  7 The Destruction of the Döchin and Dörben 11 The Empire of the Two Norms  1 The Dalai Lama and the Making of the Manjushri Chakravartin Khan  2 The Taiji Government: Mutual Reliance and the Guest State  3 The Manjushri Chakravartin Monarch: The Patron and the Protector of the Faith  4 Surpassing Qubilai: Consolidation of the Government of the Two Norms Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book reconfigures the study of the origins of the Enlightenment in the Spanish Empire. Challenging dominant interpretations of the period, this book shows that early eighteenth-century Spanish authors turned to Enlightenment ideas to reinvent Spain’s role in the European balance of power. And while international law grew to provide a legal framework that could safeguard peace, Spanish officials, diplomats, and authors, hardened by the failure of Spanish diplomacy, sought instead to regulate international relations by drawing on investment, profit, and self-interest. The book shows, on the basis of new archival research, that the Diplomatic Enlightenment sought to turn the Spanish Empire into a space for closer political cooperation with other European and non-European states and empires.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements 1 The Missing Century  The Enlightenment, the Nation, and Modern Spain  1 Introduction  2 The Nineteenth-Century Spanish Enlightenment  3 The Twentieth-Century View of the Absence of the Spanish Enlightenment  4 Religion and the Spanish Political Elites  5 The Diplomatic Enlightenment 2 Predicting War and Peace  1 Introduction  2 Spain, Europe, and Arbitrary Monarchy  3 Crisis and Catharsis: The Dawn of the Early Spanish Enlightenment  4 What News Do You Bring?  5 Information Overload and Elite Political Debate 3 Investing in the Luces  1 Introduction  2 Shorting Diplomacy  3 Representations of the Spanish Empire  4 The Assembly of Public Trust  5 Luces in the Mines  6 The Seminary of Lawsuits: Law, Trade, and Corporations  7 José Carvajal y Lancaster and the Arbitration of Europe  8 Private Vices, Public Virtues, and Diplomatic Cooperation  9 Coins, Corporations, China, and Europe  10 The Naval Officer and the Aristocrat 4 Revolts and Returns  Free Trade and the Fear of Independence  1 Introduction  2 Investing in a New Timepiece  3 Mapping Reform in Enlightenment Europe  4 Free Trade: The Farce of Independence and the Growth of Spanish Political Economic Debate  5 The Perils of Emulation: Corporations and the Meaning of the Spanish Empire  6 The Criticism of Carvajal’s Joint-Stock Companies 5 The Lever of the Balance of Power  1 Introduction  2 Iberia’s Role in Europe  3 Borders and Trade  4 Investing in Peace  5 A Monarchy without a King 6 Carthage’s Contractors  The Ends of the Spanish Empire  1 Introduction  2 The Grain Monopoly and the Voice of the People  3 The Idea of the Nation: Outsourcing Propaganda and Colonisation  4 Constitutionalism in the Spanish Empire and the International Order 7 Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book Synopsis'This is the first account in English of the making of Italian nationhood from the perspective of constitutional history. It is also the first to consider the role that the House of Savoy played in this process. Bringing together influential experts in the field, the collection covers the evolution of the Italian constitution from Russian diplomacy’s little-known planning of the Risorgimento to the monarchy’s demise after its clashes with fascism. Combining systematic coverage with original research, the volume includes such varied themes as the king’s role in the Italian wars of independence, the Italian peninsula’s forgotten charters of 1848, and the story of the ephemeral building that housed the first Italian parliament. Contributors are: Carolina Armenteros, Andrea Ungari, Paolo Colombo, Frans Willem Lantink, Christian Satto, Giulio Stolfi, Valentina Villa, Tommaso Zerbi, and Romano Ferrari Zumbini.Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors List of Figures Introduction  Carolina Armenteros and Andrea Ungari 1 The Savoy Monarchy and the Parliamentary System: From the Kingdom of Sardinia to the Kingdom of Italy  Andrea Ungari 2 “Changes Appropriate to the Times, and Circumstances”: The Crown and the Modernization of the State in the Kingdom of Sardinia (1814–53)  Giulio Stolfi 3 The Pact and Its Overseer: Crown and Modern Constitutionalism in the Kingdom of Sardinia (1844–52)  Romano Ferrari Zumbini 4 Constitutionalism or “Neoabsolutism”? Monarchies in Italy, 1848–1859/1866  Frans Willem Lantink 5 The Making of Italy (through the Ephemeral): The First Italian Parliament between State-Building, “Risorgimental Neo-Medievalism,” and Glorification of the House of Savoy  Tommaso Zerbi 6 More than Kings: The Role of the Italian Monarchs in the State-Building Process and Foreign Affairs  Valentina Villa 7 The Role of the Crown in the Building of an Italian Identity (1878–1922)  Paolo Colombo 8 1925: The Jubilee of King Victor Emmanuel III  Monarchy and Fascism in a Year of Transition and Afterward  Christian Satto Conclusions  Francesco Bonini Bibliography Index

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