Computer networking and communications Books

Book SynopsisInternet based applications are the emerging major source of traffic for wireless networks. Soon we will all be able to access the Internet from our mobile phones, PDAs, hand--held devices, etc. This book describes the networking technologies that will enable the seamless transmission of data to us, wherever we are.Trade Review"...excellent text book style...essential reading for those interested in or studying the topic..." (TelecomWorldWire, 25 June 2003) "...an excellent addition to the literature on the wireless mobile Internet...a must-read for seasoned professionals and also for those who are new to the subject...." (Computing Reviews) "...easy-to-read reference text is essential reading for those interested in or studying the topic..." (M2 Best Books, 25 June 2003) "...a survival guide that helps introduce us to issues related to providing Internet networking for wireless mobile terminals..." (IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. PART I: THE WIRELESS INTERNET. An Introduction to Wireless Mobile Internet. Wireless Cellular Data Networks. Cellular Mobile Networks. Mobile Networks of the Future. PART II: FUNDAMENTAL TOPICS IN WIRELESS IP. Quality of Service in a Mobile Environment. Traffic Modeling for Wireless IP. Traffic Management for Wireless IP. Mobility in Cellular Networks. Transport Protocols for Wireless IP. Internet Protocol for Wireless IP. PART III: ADVANCED TOPICS IN WIRELESS IP. Internet Perspectives on Wireless IP. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Future Challenges. Satellites in Wireless IP. Acronyms. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisProvides the information needed to know to plan, implement, manage and upgrade Ethernet networks. This book helps to: improve your skills in employing Ethernet hubs, switches, and routers; learn how to set up and operate a wireless Local Area Network; discover how to extend a wired Ethernet via wireless LANs; and, understand cabling standards.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Introduction to Networking Concepts. Networking Standards. Ethernet Networks. Frame Operations. Networking Hardware and Software. Bridging and Switching Methods and Performance Issues. Routers. Wireless Ethernet. Security. Managing the Network. The Future of Ethernet. Index.

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Book SynopsisOffers a treatment of the full range of algorithms available for conceptual data analysis, spanning creation, maintenance, display and manipulation of concept lattices. The website accompanying this book allows you to gain a better understanding of the principles covered herein through working on the topics discussed.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. I: THEORY AND ALGORITHMS. 1. Theoretical Foundations. 1.1 Basic Notions of Orders and Lattices. 1.2 Context, Concept, and Concept Lattice. 1.3 Many-valued Contexts. 1.4 Bibliographic Notes. 2. Algorithms. 2.1 Constructing Concept Lattices. 2.2 Incremental Lattice Update. 2.3 Visualization. 2.4 Adding Knowledge to Concept Lattices. 2.5 Bibliographic Notes. II: APPLICATIONS. 3. Information Retrieval. 3.1 Query Modification. 3.2 Document Ranking 4. Text Mining. 4.1 Mining the Content of the ACM Digital Library. 4.2 MiningWeb Retrieval Results with CREDO. 4.3 Bibliographic Notes. 5. Rule Mining. 5.1 Implications. 5.2 Functional Dependencies. 5.3 Association Rules. 5.4 Classification Rules. 5.5 Bibliographic Notes. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisWhen the web transitioned from a publishing to an interactive e--commerce medium, standardised web--browsers entered widespread use and developers were able to rely on a relatively stable client component.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Servers on the Internet 2 1.2 Serving static hypertext 6 1.3 Serving dynamically generated hypertext 8 1.4 Forms and CGI 11 1.5 A CGI program and examples 18 1.6 Client-side scripting 29 Exercises 32 Practical 32 Short answer questions 32 Explorations 33 2 HTTP 35 2.1 Requests and responses 36 2.1.1 Requests 38 2.1.2 Responses 40 2.2 Authorization 41 2.3 Negotiated content 43 2.4 State in a stateless protocol 44 Exercises 45 Short answer questions 45 Explorations 45 3 Apache 47 3.1 Apache’s processes 48 3.2 Apache’s modules 51 3.3 Access controls 54 3.4 Logs 58 3.5 Generation of dynamic pages 61 3.6 Apache: installation and configuration 64 3.6.1 Basic installation and testing 64 3.6.2 The httpd.conf configuration file 67 Exercises 71 Practical 71 Short answer questions 75 Explorations 76 4 IP and DNS 77 4.1 IP addresses 78 4.2 IP addresses and names 81 4.3 Name resolution 84 4.4 BIND 86 Exercises 89 Practical 89 Short answer questions 90 Explorations 90 5 Perl 91 5.1 Perl’s origins 92 5.2 Running Perl, and the inevitable ‘Hello World’ program 93 5.3 Perl language 94 5.3.1 Scalar variables 95 5.3.2 Control structures 98 5.4 Perl core functions 101 5.5 ’CS1’ revisited: simple Perl programs 103 5.5.1 Burgers 103 5.5.2 ls -l 105 5.6 Beyond CS1: lists and arrays 108 5.6.1 Basics of lists 108 5.6.2 Two simple list examples 112 5.7 Subroutines 118 5.8 Hashes 120 5.9 An example using a hash and a list 122 5.10 Files and formatting 123 5.11 Regular expression matching 126 5.11.1 Basics of regex patterns 128 5.11.2 Finding ‘what matched?’ and other advanced features 131 5.12 Perl and the OS 136 5.12.1 Manipulating files and directories 137 5.12.2 Perl: processes 140 5.12.3 A ‘systems programming’ example 143 5.13 Networking 150 5.14 Modules 153 5.15 Databases 154 5.15.1 Basics 154 5.15.2 Database example 158 5.16 Perl: CGI 163 5.16.1 ’Roll your own’ CGI code 164 5.16.2 Perl: CGI module(s) 171 5.16.3 Security issues and CGI 173 Exercises 174 Practical 174 Short answer questions 180 Explorations 181 6 PHP4 183 6.1 PHP4’s origins 183 6.2 PHP language 187 6.2.1 Simple variables and data types 187 6.2.2 Operators 191 6.2.3 Program structure and flow control 191 6.2.4 Functions 193 6.3 Simple examples 194 6.4 Multi-page forms 198 6.5 File uploads 207 6.6 Databases 216 6.7 GD graphics library 227 6.8 State 238 Exercises 248 Practical 248 Short answer questions 257 Explorations 257 7 Java Servlets 259 7.1 Servlet overview 259 7.2 A first servlet example 261 7.2.1 Form and servlet code 263 7.2.2 Installation, Compilation, Deployment 265 7.2.3 web.xml deployment files 268 7.3 Sun’s servlet-related classes 269 7.4 Web application example: ‘Membership’ 276 7.5 Client state and sessions 290 7.6 Images 304 7.7 Security features 306 Exercises 328 Practical 328 Short answer questions 336 Explorations 336 Contents vii 8 JSP: Java Server Pages 337 8.1 JSP overview 337 8.2 The ‘Guru’ – a JSP example 340 8.2.1 The scriptlet Guru 340 8.2.2 The tagged Guru 343 8.3 Membership example 344 8.4 JSP: page contents 352 8.4.1 JSP directives 354 8.4.2 jsp: tag library 355 8.5 Servlet, bean and JSP examples 356 8.6 Tag libraries 368 8.6.1 Defining a simple customized action tag 369 8.6.2 Using tag libraries 373 Exercises 375 Practical 375 Short answer questions 379 Explorations 380 9 XML 381 9.1 XML overview 381 9.2 XML and friends 384 9.3 XSL, XSLT and XML display 391 9.4 XML and XSL generating WML 403 9.5 Simple API for XML 412 9.6 DOM – the Document Object Model 422 Exercises 428 Practical 428 Short answer questions 432 Explorations 433 10 Enterprise Java 435 10.1 EJB background 437 10.1.1 Smart beans in smarter containers 437 10.1.2 Distributed objects 438 10.2 EJB basics 441 10.2.1 Servers, containers and beans 441 10.2.2 The life of a bean 444 10.2.3 Classes and interfaces 444 10.2.4 EJB clients and EJB deployment 446 10.3 Session bean examples 447 10.3.1 Stateless server 447 10.3.2 Stateful server 453 10.4 An Entity bean 456 10.5 Real-world EJB 470 Exercises 485 Practical 485 Short answer questions 485 Explorations 485 11 Future technologies? 487 11.1 (Lack of) Speed kills 487 11.2 Personal internet presence 489 11.3 Peer-to-peer 490 11.4 ... and on to ‘Web Services’ 492 11.4.1 The existing world of distributed objects 492 11.4.2 Steps towards a future world of distributed objects 495 11.4.3 UDDI, WSDL and SOAP 498 11.4.4 Web service promises 509 Exercises 512 Explorations 512 Appendices A Minimalist guide to HTML and JavaScript 515 B Active Server Pages: ASP (scripting) 549 C .NET 573 Index 601

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Book SynopsisAddresses the application of both IP and ATM technologies to a cellular environment, including IP telephony protocols, the use of ATM/AAL2 and the AAL2 signalling protocol for voice/multimedia and data transport. This book explains the operation and integration of GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, CDMA2000, IP, and ATM.Trade Review"…this is an excellent volume, a must-have for systems architects…also to be commended for its cohesive and comprehensive assembly of many complex standards." (Computing Reviews.com, October 4, 2005) "This both is very detailed, yet readable. It would be an excellent read for both students and telecommunications professionals…" (Computing Reviews.com, June 8, 2005) "…well-structured…it provides detailed, and carefully selected and prepared, material." (Computing Reviews.com, October 21, 2004) "...very detailed yet readable...an excellent read for both students and professionals..." (The IEE Communications Engineer, June/July 2004)Table of ContentsAbout the Authors. 1. Introduction. 2. Principles of Communications . 3. GSM Fundamentals. 4. General Packet Radio System. 5. IP Applications for GPRS/UMTS. 6. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. 7. UMTS Transmission Networks. 8. IP Telephony for UMTS Release 4. 9. Release 5 and Beyond (All-IP). Glossary of Terms. Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive resource that responds to the high demand for specialists who can provide advice to users and handle day-to-day administration, maintenance, and support of computer systems and networks. It shows how to discover customer needs and then use that information to identify, interpret, and evaluate system and network requirements.Table of ContentsPreface to Second Edition. 1. Introduction. 2. System Components. 3. Networked Communities. 4. Host Management. 5. User Management 6. Models of Network and System Administration. 7. Configuration and Maintenance. 8. Diagnostics, Fault and Change Management. 9. Application Level Services. 10. Network Level Services. 11. Principles of Security. 12. Security Implications. 13. Analytical System Administration. 14. Summary and Outlook. A. Some Useful Unix Commands. B. Programming and Compiling. C. Example Telnet Session. D. Glossary. E. Recommended Reading. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe perennial bestseller shows you how share your files and Internet connection across a wireless network Fully updated for Windows 7 and Mac OS X Snow Leopard, this new edition of this bestseller returns with all the latest in wireless standards and security. This fun and friendly guide shows you how to integrate your iPhone, iPod touch, smartphone, or gaming system into your home network. Veteran authors escort you through the various financial and logisitical considerations that you need to take into account before building a wireless network at home. Covers the basics of planning, installing, and using wireless LANs Reviews essential information on the latest security issues Delivers valuable tips on how to stay current with fast-moving technology Discusses how to share resources such as printers, scanners, an Internet connection, files, and more with multiple computers on one network Wireless Home Networking For DTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: Wireless Networking Fundamentals 7 Chapter 1: Introducing Wireless Home Networking 9 Chapter 2: From a to n and b-yond 27 Chapter 3: Exploring Bluetooth and Other Wireless Networks 51 Part II: Making Plans 67 Chapter 4: Planning a Wireless Home Network 69 Chapter 5: Choosing Wireless Home Networking Equipment 91 Part III: Installing a Wireless Network 107 Chapter 6: Installing Wireless Access Points in Windows 109 Chapter 7: Setting Up a Wireless Windows Network 125 Chapter 8: Setting Up a Wireless Mac Network 143 Chapter 9: Securing Your Home Network 161 Part IV: Using Your Wireless Network 183 Chapter 10: Putting Your Wireless Network to Work 185 Chapter 11: Gaming Over Your Wireless Network 205 Chapter 12: Networking Your Entertainment Center 225 Chapter 13: Extending Your Mobile Network 245 Chapter 14: Other Cool Things You Can Network 257 Chapter 15: Using a Bluetooth Network 273 Chapter 16: Going Wireless Away from Home 285 Part V: The Part of Tens 297 Chapter 17: Ten FAQs about Wireless Home Networks 299 Chapter 18: Ten Ways to Troubleshoot Wireless LAN Performance 309 Chapter 19: Ten Devices to Connect to Your Wireless Network in the Future 319 Chapter 20: Ten Sources for More Information 339 Index 347

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Book SynopsisNew techniques (z-transform, graphic, algebraic) for studying and analyzing parallel algorithms and how to use them Case studies throughout th book Problems at the end of each chapter and available solutions manual A companion website to include lecture notes .Table of ContentsPreface xiii List of Acronyms xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Toward Automating Parallel Programming 2 1.3 Algorithms 4 1.4 Parallel Computing Design Considerations 12 1.5 Parallel Algorithms and Parallel Architectures 13 1.6 Relating Parallel Algorithm and Parallel Architecture 14 1.7 Implementation of Algorithms: A Two-Sided Problem 14 1.8 Measuring Benefi ts of Parallel Computing 15 1.9 Amdahl’s Law for Multiprocessor Systems 19 1.10 Gustafson–Barsis’s Law 21 1.11 Applications of Parallel Computing 22 2 Enhancing Uniprocessor Performance 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Increasing Processor Clock Frequency 30 2.3 Parallelizing ALU Structure 30 2.4 Using Memory Hierarchy 33 2.5 Pipelining 39 2.6 Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) Processors 44 2.7 Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) and Superscalar Processors 45 2.8 Multithreaded Processor 49 3 Parallel Computers 53 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Parallel Computing 53 3.3 Shared-Memory Multiprocessors (Uniform Memory Access [UMA]) 54 3.4 Distributed-Memory Multiprocessor (Nonuniform Memory Access [NUMA]) 56 3.5 SIMD Processors 57 3.6 Systolic Processors 57 3.7 Cluster Computing 60 3.8 Grid (Cloud) Computing 60 3.9 Multicore Systems 61 3.10 SM 62 3.11 Communication Between Parallel Processors 64 3.12 Summary of Parallel Architectures 67 4 Shared-Memory Multiprocessors 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Cache Coherence and Memory Consistency 70 4.3 Synchronization and Mutual Exclusion 76 5 Interconnection Networks 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Classification of Interconnection Networks by Logical Topologies 84 5.3 Interconnection Network Switch Architecture 91 6 Concurrency Platforms 105 6.1 Introduction 105 6.2 Concurrency Platforms 105 6.3 Cilk++ 106 6.4 OpenMP 112 6.5 Compute Unifi ed Device Architecture (CUDA) 122 7 Ad Hoc Techniques for Parallel Algorithms 131 7.1 Introduction 131 7.2 Defining Algorithm Variables 133 7.3 Independent Loop Scheduling 133 7.4 Dependent Loops 134 7.5 Loop Spreading for Simple Dependent Loops 135 7.6 Loop Unrolling 135 7.7 Problem Partitioning 136 7.8 Divide-and-Conquer (Recursive Partitioning) Strategies 137 7.9 Pipelining 139 8 Nonserial–Parallel Algorithms 143 8.1 Introduction 143 8.2 Comparing DAG and DCG Algorithms 143 8.3 Parallelizing NSPA Algorithms Represented by a DAG 145 8.4 Formal Technique for Analyzing NSPAs 147 8.5 Detecting Cycles in the Algorithm 150 8.6 Extracting Serial and Parallel Algorithm Performance Parameters 151 8.7 Useful Theorems 153 8.8 Performance of Serial and Parallel Algorithms on Parallel Computers 156 9 z-Transform Analysis 159 9.1 Introduction 159 9.2 Definition of z-Transform 159 9.3 The 1-D FIR Digital Filter Algorithm 160 9.4 Software and Hardware Implementations of the z-Transform 161 9.5 Design 1: Using Horner’s Rule for Broadcast Input and Pipelined Output 162 9.6 Design 2: Pipelined Input and Broadcast Output 163 9.7 Design 3: Pipelined Input and Output 164 10 Dependence Graph Analysis 167 10.1 Introduction 167 10.2 The 1-D FIR Digital Filter Algorithm 167 10.3 The Dependence Graph of an Algorithm 168 10.4 Deriving the Dependence Graph for an Algorithm 169 10.5 The Scheduling Function for the 1-D FIR Filter 171 10.6 Node Projection Operation 177 10.7 Nonlinear Projection Operation 179 10.8 Software and Hardware Implementations of the DAG Technique 180 11 Computational Geometry Analysis 185 11.1 Introduction 185 11.2 Matrix Multiplication Algorithm 185 11.3 The 3-D Dependence Graph and Computation Domain D 186 11.4 The Facets and Vertices of D 188 11.5 The Dependence Matrices of the Algorithm Variables 188 11.6 Nullspace of Dependence Matrix: The Broadcast Subdomain B 189 11.7 Design Space Exploration: Choice of Broadcasting versus Pipelining Variables 192 11.8 Data Scheduling 195 11.9 Projection Operation Using the Linear Projection Operator 200 11.10 Effect of Projection Operation on Data 205 11.11 The Resulting Multithreaded/Multiprocessor Architecture 206 11.12 Summary of Work Done in this Chapter 207 12 Case Study: One-Dimensional IIR Digital Filters 209 12.1 Introduction 209 12.2 The 1-D IIR Digital Filter Algorithm 209 12.3 The IIR Filter Dependence Graph 209 12.4 z-Domain Analysis of 1-D IIR Digital Filter Algorithm 216 13 Case Study: Two- and Three-Dimensional Digital Filters 219 13.1 Introduction 219 13.2 Line and Frame Wraparound Problems 219 13.3 2-D Recursive Filters 221 13.4 3-D Digital Filters 223 14 Case Study: Multirate Decimators and Interpolators 227 14.1 Introduction 227 14.2 Decimator Structures 227 14.3 Decimator Dependence Graph 228 14.4 Decimator Scheduling 230 14.5 Decimator DAG for s1 = [1 0] 231 14.6 Decimator DAG for s2 = [1 −1] 233 14.7 Decimator DAG for s3 = [1 1] 235 14.8 Polyphase Decimator Implementations 235 14.9 Interpolator Structures 236 14.10 Interpolator Dependence Graph 237 14.11 Interpolator Scheduling 238 14.12 Interpolator DAG for s1 = [1 0] 239 14.13 Interpolator DAG for s2 = [1 −1] 241 14.14 Interpolator DAG for s3 = [1 1] 243 14.15 Polyphase Interpolator Implementations 243 15 Case Study: Pattern Matching 245 15.1 Introduction 245 15.2 Expressing the Algorithm as a Regular Iterative Algorithm (RIA) 245 15.3 Obtaining the Algorithm Dependence Graph 246 15.4 Data Scheduling 247 15.5 DAG Node Projection 248 15.6 DESIGN 1: Design Space Exploration When s ƒ­ƒn[1 1]t 249 15.7 DESIGN 2: Design Space Exploration When s ƒ­ƒn[1 −1]t 252 15.8 DESIGN 3: Design Space Exploration When s = [1 0]t 253 16 Case Study: Motion Estimation for Video Compression 255 16.1 Introduction 255 16.2 FBMAs 256 16.3 Data Buffering Requirements 257 16.4 Formulation of the FBMA 258 16.5 Hierarchical Formulation of Motion Estimation 259 16.6 Hardware Design of the Hierarchy Blocks 261 17 Case Study: Multiplication over GF(2m) 267 17.1 Introduction 267 17.2 The Multiplication Algorithm in GF(2m) 268 17.3 Expressing Field Multiplication as an RIA 270 17.4 Field Multiplication Dependence Graph 270 17.5 Data Scheduling 271 17.6 DAG Node Projection 273 17.7 Design 1: Using d1 = [1 0]t 275 17.8 Design 2: Using d2 = [1 1]t 275 17.9 Design 3: Using d3 = [1 −1]t 277 17.10 Applications of Finite Field Multipliers 277 18 Case Study: Polynomial Division over GF(2) 279 18.1 Introduction 279 18.2 The Polynomial Division Algorithm 279 18.3 The LFSR Dependence Graph 281 18.4 Data Scheduling 282 18.5 DAG Node Projection 283 18.6 Design 1: Design Space Exploration When s1 = [1 −1] 284 18.7 Design 2: Design Space Exploration When s2 = [1 0] 286 18.8 Design 3: Design Space Exploration When s3 = [1 −0.5] 289 18.9 Comparing the Three Designs 291 19 The Fast Fourier Transform 293 19.1 Introduction 293 19.2 Decimation-in-Time FFT 295 19.3 Pipeline Radix-2 Decimation-in-Time FFT Processor 298 19.4 Decimation-in-Frequency FFT 299 19.5 Pipeline Radix-2 Decimation-in-Frequency FFT Processor 303 20 Solving Systems of Linear Equations 305 20.1 Introduction 305 20.2 Special Matrix Structures 305 20.3 Forward Substitution (Direct Technique) 309 20.4 Back Substitution 312 20.5 Matrix Triangularization Algorithm 312 20.6 Successive over Relaxation (SOR) (Iterative Technique) 317 20.7 Problems 321 21 Solving Partial Differential Equations Using Finite Difference Method 323 21.1 Introduction 323 21.2 FDM for 1-D Systems 324 References 331 Index 337

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Book SynopsisThe energy consumption issue in distributed computing systems raises various monetary, environmental and system performance concerns.Electricity consumption in the US doubled from 2000 to 2005. From a financial and environmental standpoint, reducing the consumption of electricity is important, yet these reforms must not lead to performance degradation of the computing systems. These contradicting constraints create a suite of complex problems that need to be resolved in order to lead to ''greener'' distributed computing systems. This book brings together a group of outstanding researchers that investigate the different facets of green and energy efficient distributed computing. Key features: One of the first books of its kind Features latest research findings on emerging topics by well-known scientists Valuable research for grad students, postdocs, and researchers Research will greatly feed into other technologies and applicatioTable of ContentsPREFACE xxix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxxi CONTRIBUTORS xxxiii 1 POWER ALLOCATION AND TASK SCHEDULING ON MULTIPROCESSOR COMPUTERS WITH ENERGY AND TIME CONSTRAINTS 1 Keqin Li 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Energy Consumption 1 1.1.2 Power Reduction 2 1.1.3 Dynamic Power Management 3 1.1.4 Task Scheduling with Energy and Time Constraints 4 1.1.5 Chapter Outline 5 1.2 Preliminaries 5 1.2.1 Power Consumption Model 5 1.2.2 Problem Definitions 6 1.2.3 Task Models 7 1.2.4 Processor Models 8 1.2.5 Scheduling Models 9 1.2.6 Problem Decomposition 9 1.2.7 Types of Algorithms 10 1.3 Problem Analysis 10 1.3.1 Schedule Length Minimization 10 1.3.1.1 Uniprocessor computers 10 1.3.1.2 Multiprocessor computers 11 1.3.2 Energy Consumption Minimization 12 1.3.2.1 Uniprocessor computers 12 1.3.2.2 Multiprocessor computers 13 1.3.3 Strong NP-Hardness 14 1.3.4 Lower Bounds 14 1.3.5 Energy-Delay Trade-off 15 1.4 Pre-Power-Determination Algorithms 16 1.4.1 Overview 16 1.4.2 Performance Measures 17 1.4.3 Equal-Time Algorithms and Analysis 18 1.4.3.1 Schedule length minimization 18 1.4.3.2 Energy consumption minimization 19 1.4.4 Equal-Energy Algorithms and Analysis 19 1.4.4.1 Schedule length minimization 19 1.4.4.2 Energy consumption minimization 21 1.4.5 Equal-Speed Algorithms and Analysis 22 1.4.5.1 Schedule length minimization 22 1.4.5.2 Energy consumption minimization 23 1.4.6 Numerical Data 24 1.4.7 Simulation Results 25 1.5 Post-Power-Determination Algorithms 28 1.5.1 Overview 28 1.5.2 Analysis of List Scheduling Algorithms 29 1.5.2.1 Analysis of algorithm LS 29 1.5.2.2 Analysis of algorithm LRF 30 1.5.3 Application to Schedule Length Minimization 30 1.5.4 Application to Energy Consumption Minimization 31 1.5.5 Numerical Data 32 1.5.6 Simulation Results 32 1.6 Summary and Further Research 33 References 34 2 POWER-AWARE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING 39 Rong Ge and Kirk W. Cameron 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Background 41 2.2.1 Current Hardware Technology and Power Consumption 41 2.2.1.1 Processor power 41 2.2.1.2 Memory subsystem power 42 2.2.2 Performance 43 2.2.3 Energy Efficiency 44 2.3 Related Work 45 2.3.1 Power Profiling 45 2.3.1.1 Simulator-based power estimation 45 2.3.1.2 Direct measurements 46 2.3.1.3 Event-based estimation 46 2.3.2 Performance Scalability on Power-Aware Systems 46 2.3.3 Adaptive Power Allocation for Energy-Efficient Computing 47 2.4 PowerPack: Fine-Grain Energy Profiling of HPC Applications 48 2.4.1 Design and Implementation of PowerPack 48 2.4.1.1 Overview 48 2.4.1.2 Fine-grain systematic power measurement 50 2.4.1.3 Automatic power profiling and code synchronization 51 2.4.2 Power Profiles of HPC Applications and Systems 53 2.4.2.1 Power distribution over components 53 2.4.2.2 Power dynamics of applications 54 2.4.2.3 Power bounds on HPC systems 55 2.4.2.4 Power versus dynamic voltage and frequency scaling 57 2.5 Power-Aware Speedup Model 59 2.5.1 Power-Aware Speedup 59 2.5.1.1 Sequential execution time for a single workload T1(w, f ) 60 2.5.1.2 Sequential execution time for an ON-chip/OFF-chip workload 60 2.5.1.3 Parallel execution time on N processors for an ON-/OFF-chip workload with DOP = i 61 2.5.1.4 Power-aware speedup for DOP and ON-/OFF-chip workloads 62 2.5.2 Model Parametrization and Validation 63 2.5.2.1 Coarse-grain parametrization and validation 64 2.5.2.2 Fine-grain parametrization and validation 66 2.6 Model Usages 69 2.6.1 Identification of Optimal System Configurations 70 2.6.2 PAS-Directed Energy-Driven Runtime Frequency Scaling 71 2.7 Conclusion 73 References 75 3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HPC SYSTEMS 81 Ivan Rodero and Manish Parashar 3.1 Introduction 81 3.2 Background and Related Work 83 3.2.1 CPU Power Management 83 3.2.1.1 OS-level CPU power management 83 3.2.1.2 Workload-level CPU power management 84 3.2.1.3 Cluster-level CPU power management 84 3.2.2 Component-Based Power Management 85 3.2.2.1 Memory subsystem 85 3.2.2.2 Storage subsystem 86 3.2.3 Thermal-Conscious Power Management 87 3.2.4 Power Management in Virtualized Datacenters 87 3.3 Proactive, Component-Based Power Management 88 3.3.1 Job Allocation Policies 88 3.3.2 Workload Profiling 90 3.4 Quantifying Energy Saving Possibilities 91 3.4.1 Methodology 92 3.4.2 Component-Level Power Requirements 92 3.4.3 Energy Savings 94 3.5 Evaluation of the Proposed Strategies 95 3.5.1 Methodology 96 3.5.2 Workloads 96 3.5.3 Metrics 97 3.6 Results 97 3.7 Concluding Remarks 102 3.8 Summary 103 References 104 4 A STOCHASTIC FRAMEWORK FOR HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM-LEVEL POWER MANAGEMENT 109 Peng Rong and Massoud Pedram 4.1 Introduction 109 4.2 Related Work 111 4.3 A Hierarchical DPM Architecture 113 4.4 Modeling 114 4.4.1 Model of the Application Pool 114 4.4.2 Model of the Service Flow Control 118 4.4.3 Model of the Simulated Service Provider 119 4.4.4 Modeling Dependencies between SPs 120 4.5 Policy Optimization 122 4.5.1 Mathematical Formulation 122 4.5.2 Optimal Time-Out Policy for Local Power Manager 123 4.6 Experimental Results 125 4.7 Conclusion 130 References 130 5 ENERGY-EFFICIENT RESERVATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR GRIDS, CLOUDS, AND NETWORKS 133 Anne-Ce´ cile Orgerie and Laurent Lefe` vre 5.1 Introduction 133 5.2 Related Works 134 5.2.1 Server and Data Center Power Management 135 5.2.2 Node Optimizations 135 5.2.3 Virtualization to Improve Energy Efficiency 136 5.2.4 Energy Awareness in Wired Networking Equipment 136 5.2.5 Synthesis 137 5.3 ERIDIS: Energy-Efficient Reservation Infrastructure for Large-Scale Distributed Systems 138 5.3.1 ERIDIS Architecture 138 5.3.2 Management of the Resource Reservations 141 5.3.3 Resource Management and On/Off Algorithms 145 5.3.4 Energy-Consumption Estimates 146 5.3.5 Prediction Algorithms 146 5.4 EARI: Energy-Aware Reservation Infrastructure for Data Centers and Grids 147 5.4.1 EARI’s Architecture 147 5.4.2 Validation of EARI on Experimental Grid Traces 147 5.5 GOC: Green Open Cloud 149 5.5.1 GOC’s Resource Manager Architecture 150 5.5.2 Validation of the GOC Framework 152 5.6 HERMES: High Level Energy-Aware Model for Bandwidth Reservation in End-To-End Networks 152 5.6.1 HERMES’ Architecture 154 5.6.2 The Reservation Process of HERMES 155 5.6.3 Discussion 157 5.7 Summary 158 References 158 6 ENERGY-EFFICIENT JOB PLACEMENT ON CLUSTERS, GRIDS, AND CLOUDS 163 Damien Borgetto, Henri Casanova, Georges Da Costa, and Jean-Marc Pierson 6.1 Problem and Motivation 163 6.1.1 Context 163 6.1.2 Chapter Roadmap 164 6.2 Energy-Aware Infrastructures 164 6.2.1 Buildings 165 6.2.2 Context-Aware Buildings 165 6.2.3 Cooling 166 6.3 Current Resource Management Practices 167 6.3.1 Widely Used Resource Management Systems 167 6.3.2 Job Requirement Description 169 6.4 Scientific and Technical Challenges 170 6.4.1 Theoretical Difficulties 170 6.4.2 Technical Difficulties 170 6.4.3 Controlling and Tuning Jobs 171 6.5 Energy-Aware Job Placement Algorithms 172 6.5.1 State of the Art 172 6.5.2 Detailing One Approach 174 6.6 Discussion 180 6.6.1 Open Issues and Opportunities 180 6.6.2 Obstacles for Adoption in Production 182 6.7 Conclusion 183 References 184 7 COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF GREEDY ENERGY-EFFICIENT SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTATIONAL GRIDS 189 Peder Lindberg, James Leingang, Daniel Lysaker, Kashif Bilal, Samee Ullah Khan, Pascal Bouvry, Nasir Ghani, Nasro Min-Allah, and Juan Li 7.1 Introduction 189 7.2 Problem Formulation 191 7.2.1 The System Model 191 7.2.1.1 PEs 191 7.2.1.2 DVS 191 7.2.1.3 Tasks 192 7.2.1.4 Preliminaries 192 7.2.2 Formulating the Energy-Makespan Minimization Problem 192 7.3 Proposed Algorithms 193 7.3.1 Greedy Heuristics 194 7.3.1.1 Greedy heuristic scheduling algorithm 196 7.3.1.2 Greedy-min 197 7.3.1.3 Greedy-deadline 198 7.3.1.4 Greedy-max 198 7.3.1.5 MaxMin 199 7.3.1.6 ObFun 199 7.3.1.7 MinMin StdDev 202 7.3.1.8 MinMax StdDev 202 7.4 Simulations, Results, and Discussion 203 7.4.1 Workload 203 7.4.2 Comparative Results 204 7.4.2.1 Small-size problems 204 7.4.2.2 Large-size problems 206 7.5 Related Works 211 7.6 Conclusion 211 References 212 8 TOWARD ENERGY-AWARE SCHEDULING USING MACHINE LEARNING 215 Josep LL. Berral, In˜ igo Goiri, Ramon Nou, Ferran Julia` , Josep O. Fito´ , Jordi Guitart, Ricard Gavalda´ , and Jordi Torres 8.1 Introduction 215 8.1.1 Energetic Impact of the Cloud 216 8.1.2 An Intelligent Way to Manage Data Centers 216 8.1.3 Current Autonomic Computing Techniques 217 8.1.4 Power-Aware Autonomic Computing 217 8.1.5 State of the Art and Case Study 218 8.2 Intelligent Self-Management 218 8.2.1 Classical AI Approaches 219 8.2.1.1 Heuristic algorithms 219 8.2.1.2 AI planning 219 8.2.1.3 Semantic techniques 219 8.2.1.4 Expert systems and genetic algorithms 220 8.2.2 Machine Learning Approaches 220 8.2.2.1 Instance-based learning 221 8.2.2.2 Reinforcement learning 222 8.2.2.3 Feature and example selection 225 8.3 Introducing Power-Aware Approaches 225 8.3.1 Use of Virtualization 226 8.3.2 Turning On and Off Machines 228 8.3.3 Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling 229 8.3.4 Hybrid Nodes and Data Centers 230 8.4 Experiences of Applying ML on Power-Aware Self-Management 230 8.4.1 Case Study Approach 231 8.4.2 Scheduling and Power Trade-Off 231 8.4.3 Experimenting with Power-Aware Techniques 233 8.4.4 Applying Machine Learning 236 8.4.5 Conclusions from the Experiments 238 8.5 Conclusions on Intelligent Power-Aware Self-Management 238 References 240 9 ENERGY EFFICIENCY METRICS FOR DATA CENTERS 245 Javid Taheri and Albert Y. Zomaya 9.1 Introduction 245 9.1.1 Background 245 9.1.2 Data Center Energy Use 246 9.1.3 Data Center Characteristics 246 9.1.3.1 Electric power 247 9.1.3.2 Heat removal 249 9.1.4 Energy Efficiency 250 9.2 Fundamentals of Metrics 250 9.2.1 Demand and Constraints on Data Center Operators 250 9.2.2 Metrics 251 9.2.2.1 Criteria for good metrics 251 9.2.2.2 Methodology 252 9.2.2.3 Stability of metrics 252 9.3 Data Center Energy Efficiency 252 9.3.1 Holistic IT Efficiency Metrics 252 9.3.1.1 Fixed versus proportional overheads 254 9.3.1.2 Power versus energy 254 9.3.1.3 Performance versus productivity 255 9.3.2 Code of Conduct 256 9.3.2.1 Environmental statement 256 9.3.2.2 Problem statement 256 9.3.2.3 Scope of the CoC 257 9.3.2.4 Aims and objectives of CoC 258 9.3.3 Power Use in Data Centers 259 9.3.3.1 Data center IT power to utility power relationship 259 9.3.3.2 Chiller efficiency and external temperature 260 9.4 Available Metrics 260 9.4.1 The Green Grid 261 9.4.1.1 Power usage effectiveness (PUE) 261 9.4.1.2 Data center efficiency (DCE) 262 9.4.1.3 Data center infrastructure efficiency (DCiE) 262 9.4.1.4 Data center productivity (DCP) 263 9.4.2 McKinsey 263 9.4.3 Uptime Institute 264 9.4.3.1 Site infrastructure power overhead multiplier (SI-POM) 265 9.4.3.2 IT hardware power overhead multiplier (H-POM) 266 9.4.3.3 DC hardware compute load per unit of computing work done 266 9.4.3.4 Deployed hardware utilization ratio (DH-UR) 266 9.4.3.5 Deployed hardware utilization efficiency (DH-UE) 267 9.5 Harmonizing Global Metrics for Data Center Energy Efficiency 267 References 268 10 AUTONOMIC GREEN COMPUTING IN LARGE-SCALE DATA CENTERS 271 Haoting Luo, Bithika Khargharia, Salim Hariri, and Youssif Al-Nashif 10.1 Introduction 271 10.2 Related Technologies and Techniques 272 10.2.1 Power Optimization Techniques in Data Centers 272 10.2.2 Design Model 273 10.2.3 Networks 274 10.2.4 Data Center Power Distribution 275 10.2.5 Data Center Power-Efficient Metrics 276 10.2.6 Modeling Prototype and Testbed 277 10.2.7 Green Computing 278 10.2.8 Energy Proportional Computing 280 10.2.9 Hardware Virtualization Technology 281 10.2.10 Autonomic Computing 282 10.3 Autonomic Green Computing: A Case Study 283 10.3.1 Autonomic Management Platform 285 10.3.1.1 Platform architecture 285 10.3.1.2 DEVS-based modeling and simulation platform 285 10.3.1.3 Workload generator 287 10.3.2 Model Parameter Evaluation 288 10.3.2.1 State transitioning overhead 288 10.3.2.2 VM template evaluation 289 10.3.2.3 Scalability analysis 291 10.3.3 Autonomic Power Efficiency Management Algorithm (Performance Per Watt) 291 10.3.4 Simulation Results and Evaluation 293 10.3.4.1 Analysis of energy and performance trade-offs 296 10.4 Conclusion and Future Directions 297 References 298 11 ENERGY AND THERMAL AWARE SCHEDULING IN DATA CENTERS 301 Gaurav Dhiman, Raid Ayoub, and Tajana S. Rosing 11.1 Introduction 301 11.2 Related Work 302 11.3 Intermachine Scheduling 305 11.3.1 Performance and Power Profile of VMs 305 11.3.2 Architecture 309 11.3.2.1 vgnode 309 11.3.2.2 vgxen 310 11.3.2.3 vgdom 312 11.3.2.4 vgserv 312 11.4 Intramachine Scheduling 315 11.4.1 Air-Forced Thermal Modeling and Cost 316 11.4.2 Cooling Aware Dynamic Workload Scheduling 317 11.4.3 Scheduling Mechanism 318 11.4.4 Cooling Costs Predictor 319 11.5 Evaluation 321 11.5.1 Intermachine Scheduler (vGreen) 321 11.5.2 Heterogeneous Workloads 323 11.5.2.1 Comparison with DVFS policies 325 11.5.2.2 Homogeneous workloads 328 11.5.3 Intramachine Scheduler (Cool and Save) 328 11.5.3.1 Results 331 11.5.3.2 Overhead of CAS 333 11.6 Conclusion 333 References 334 12 QOS-AWARE POWER MANAGEMENT IN DATA CENTERS 339 Jiayu Gong and Cheng-Zhong Xu 12.1 Introduction 339 12.2 Problem Classification 340 12.2.1 Objective and Constraint 340 12.2.2 Scope and Time Granularities 340 12.2.3 Methodology 341 12.2.4 Power Management Mechanism 342 12.3 Energy Efficiency 344 12.3.1 Energy-Efficiency Metrics 344 12.3.2 Improving Energy Efficiency 346 12.3.2.1 Energy minimization with performance guarantee 346 12.3.2.2 Performance maximization under power budget 348 12.3.2.3 Trade-off between power and performance 348 12.3.3 Energy-Proportional Computing 350 12.4 Power Capping 351 12.5 Conclusion 353 References 356 13 ENERGY-EFFICIENT STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR DATA CENTERS 361 Sudhanva Gurumurthi and Anand Sivasubramaniam 13.1 Introduction 361 13.2 Disk Drive Operation and Disk Power 362 13.2.1 An Overview of Disk Drives 362 13.2.2 Sources of Disk Power Consumption 363 13.2.3 Disk Activity and Power Consumption 365 13.3 Disk and Storage Power Reduction Techniques 366 13.3.1 Exploiting the STANDBY State 368 13.3.2 Reducing Seek Activity 369 13.3.3 Achieving Energy Proportionality 369 13.3.3.1 Hardware approaches 369 13.3.3.2 Software approaches 370 13.4 Using Nonvolatile Memory and Solid-State Disks 371 13.5 Conclusions 372 References 373 14 AUTONOMIC ENERGY/PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATIONS FOR MEMORY IN SERVERS 377 Bithika Khargharia and Mazin Yousif 14.1 Introduction 378 14.2 Classifications of Dynamic Power Management Techniques 380 14.2.1 Heuristic and Predictive Techniques 380 14.2.2 QoS and Energy Trade-Offs 381 14.3 Applications of Dynamic Power Management (DPM) 382 14.3.1 Power Management of System Components in Isolation 382 14.3.2 Joint Power Management of System Components 383 14.3.3 Holistic System-Level Power Management 383 14.4 Autonomic Power and Performance Optimization of Memory Subsystems in Server Platforms 384 14.4.1 Adaptive Memory Interleaving Technique for Power and Performance Management 384 14.4.1.1 Formulating the optimization problem 386 14.4.1.2 Memory appflow 389 14.4.2 Industry Techniques 389 14.4.2.1 Enhancements in memory hardware design 390 14.4.2.2 Adding more operating states 390 14.4.2.3 Faster transition to and from low power states 390 14.4.2.4 Memory consolidation 390 14.5 Conclusion 391 References 391 15 ROD: A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO IMPROVING RELIABILITY OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT PARALLEL DISK SYSTEMS 395 Shu Yin, Xiaojun Ruan, Adam Manzanares, and Xiao Qin 15.1 Introduction 395 15.2 Modeling Reliability of Energy-Efficient Parallel Disks 396 15.2.1 The MINT Model 396 15.2.1.1 Disk utilization 398 15.2.1.2 Temperature 398 15.2.1.3 Power-state transition frequency 399 15.2.1.4 Single disk reliability model 399 15.2.2 MAID, Massive Arrays of Idle Disks 400 15.3 Improving Reliability of MAID via Disk Swapping 401 15.3.1 Improving Reliability of Cache Disks in MAID 401 15.3.2 Swapping Disks Multiple Times 404 15.4 Experimental Results and Evaluation 405 15.4.1 Experimental Setup 405 15.4.2 Disk Utilization 406 15.4.3 The Single Disk Swapping Strategy 406 15.4.4 The Multiple Disk Swapping Strategy 409 15.5 Related Work 411 15.6 Conclusions 412 References 413 16 EMBRACING THE MEMORY AND I/O WALLS FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING 417 Chung-Hsing Hsu and Wu-Chun Feng 16.1 Introduction 417 16.2 Background and Related Work 420 16.2.1 DVFS-Enabled Processors 420 16.2.2 DVFS Scheduling Algorithms 421 16.2.3 Memory-Aware, Interval-Based Algorithms 422 16.3 β-Adaptation: A New DVFS Algorithm 423 16.3.1 The Compute-Boundedness Metric, β 423 16.3.2 The Frequency Calculating Formula, f ∗ 424 16.3.3 The Online β Estimation 425 16.3.4 Putting It All Together 427 16.4 Algorithm Effectiveness 429 16.4.1 A Comparison to Other DVFS Algorithms 429 16.4.2 Frequency Emulation 432 16.4.3 The Minimum Dependence to the PMU 436 16.5 Conclusions and Future Work 438 References 439 17 MULTIPLE FREQUENCY SELECTION IN DVFS-ENABLED PROCESSORS TO MINIMIZE ENERGY CONSUMPTION 443 Nikzad Babaii Rizvandi, Albert Y. Zomaya, Young Choon Lee, Ali Javadzadeh Boloori, and Javid Taheri 17.1 Introduction 443 17.2 Energy Efficiency in HPC Systems 444 17.3 Exploitation of Dynamic Voltage–Frequency Scaling 446 17.3.1 Independent Slack Reclamation 446 17.3.2 Integrated Schedule Generation 447 17.4 Preliminaries 448 17.4.1 System and Application Models 448 17.4.2 Energy Model 448 17.5 Energy-Aware Scheduling via DVFS 450 17.5.1 Optimum Continuous Frequency 450 17.5.2 Reference Dynamic Voltage–Frequency Scaling (RDVFS) 451 17.5.3 Maximum-Minimum-Frequency for Dynamic Voltage–Frequency Scaling (MMF-DVFS) 452 17.5.4 Multiple Frequency Selection for Dynamic Voltage–Frequency Scaling (MFS-DVFS) 453 17.5.4.1 Task eligibility 454 17.6 Experimental Results 456 17.6.1 Simulation Settings 456 17.6.2 Results 458 17.7 Conclusion 461 References 461 18 THE PARAMOUNTCY OF RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING 465 Reiner Hartenstein 18.1 Introduction 465 18.2 Why Computers are Important 466 18.2.1 Computing for a Sustainable Environment 470 18.3 Performance Progress Stalled 472 18.3.1 Unaffordable Energy Consumption of Computing 473 18.3.2 Crashing into the Programming Wall 475 18.4 The Tail is Wagging the Dog (Accelerators) 488 18.4.1 Hardwired Accelerators 489 18.4.2 Programmable Accelerators 490 18.5 Reconfigurable Computing 494 18.5.1 Speedup Factors by FPGAs 498 18.5.2 The Reconfigurable Computing Paradox 501 18.5.3 Saving Energy by Reconfigurable Computing 505 18.5.3.1 Traditional green computing 506 18.5.3.2 The role of graphics processors 507 18.5.3.3 Wintel versus ARM 508 18.5.4 Reconfigurable Computing is the Silver Bullet 511 18.5.4.1 A new world model of computing 511 18.5.5 The Twin-Paradigm Approach to Tear Down the Wall 514 18.5.6 A Mass Movement Needed as Soon as Possible 517 18.5.6.1 Legacy software from the mainframe age 518 18.5.7 How to Reinvent Computing 519 18.6 Conclusions 526 References 529 19 WORKLOAD CLUSTERING FOR INCREASING ENERGY SAVINGS ON EMBEDDED MPSOCS 549 Ozcan Ozturk, Mahmut Kandemir, and Sri Hari Krishna Narayanan 19.1 Introduction 549 19.2 Embedded MPSoC Architecture, Execution Model, and Related Work 550 19.3 Our Approach 551 19.3.1 Overview 551 19.3.2 Technical Details and Problem Formulation 553 19.3.2.1 System and job model 553 19.3.2.2 Mathematical programing model 554 19.3.2.3 Example 557 19.4 Experimental Evaluation 560 19.5 Conclusions 564 References 565 20 ENERGY-EFFICIENT INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE 567 Weirong Jiang and Viktor K. Prasanna 20.1 Introduction 567 20.1.1 Performance Challenges 568 20.1.2 Existing Packet Forwarding Approaches 570 20.1.2.1 Software approaches 570 20.1.2.2 Hardware approaches 571 20.2 SRAM-Based Pipelined IP Lookup Architectures: Alternative to TCAMs 571 20.3 Data Structure Optimization for Power Efficiency 573 20.3.1 Problem Formulation 574 20.3.1.1 Non-pipelined and pipelined engines 574 20.3.1.2 Power function of SRAM 575 20.3.2 Special Case: Uniform Stride 576 20.3.3 Dynamic Programming 576 20.3.4 Performance Evaluation 577 20.3.4.1 Results for non-pipelined architecture 578 20.3.4.2 Results for pipelined architecture 578 20.4 Architectural Optimization to Reduce Dynamic Power Dissipation 580 20.4.1 Analysis and Motivation 581 20.4.1.1 Traffic locality 582 20.4.1.2 Traffic rate variation 582 20.4.1.3 Access frequency on different stages 583 20.4.2 Architecture-Specific Techniques 583 20.4.2.1 Inherent caching 584 20.4.2.2 Local clocking 584 20.4.2.3 Fine-grained memory enabling 585 20.4.3 Performance Evaluation 585 20.5 Related Work 588 20.6 Summary 589 References 589 21 DEMAND RESPONSE IN THE SMART GRID: A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING PERSPECTIVE 593 Chen Wang and Martin De Groot 21.1 Introduction 593 21.2 Demand Response 595 21.2.1 Existing Demand Response Programs 595 21.2.2 Demand Response Supported by the Smart Grid 597 21.3 Demand Response as a Distributed System 600 21.3.1 An Overlay Network for Demand Response 600 21.3.2 Event Driven Demand Response 602 21.3.3 Cost Driven Demand Response 604 21.3.4 A Decentralized Demand Response Framework 609 21.3.5 Accountability of Coordination Decision Making 610 21.4 Summary 611 References 611 22 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR DISTRIBUTED MOBILE COMPUTING 615 Jong-Kook Kim 22.1 Introduction 615 22.2 Single-Hop Energy-Constrained Environment 617 22.2.1 System Model 617 22.2.2 Related Work 620 22.2.3 Heuristic Descriptions 621 22.2.3.1 Mapping event 621 22.2.3.2 Scheduling communications 621 22.2.3.3 Opportunistic load balancing and minimum energy greedy heuristics 622 22.2.3.4 ME-MC heuristic 622 22.2.3.5 ME-ME heuristic 624 22.2.3.6 CRME heuristic 625 22.2.3.7 Originator and random 626 22.2.3.8 Upper bound 626 22.2.4 Simulation Model 628 22.2.5 Results 630 22.2.6 Summary 634 22.3 Multihop Distributed Mobile Computing Environment 635 22.3.1 The Multihop System Model 635 22.3.2 Energy-Aware Routing Protocol 636 22.3.2.1 Overview 636 22.3.2.2 DSDV 637 22.3.2.3 DSDV remaining energy 637 22.3.2.4 DSDV-energy consumption per remaining energy 637 22.3.3 Heuristic Description 638 22.3.3.1 Random 638 22.3.3.2 Estimated minimum total energy (EMTE) 638 22.3.3.3 K-percent-speed (KPS) and K-percent-energy (KPE) 639 22.3.3.4 Energy ratio and distance (ERD) 639 22.3.3.5 ETC and distance (ETCD) 640 22.3.3.6 Minimum execution time (MET) 640 22.3.3.7 Minimum completion time (MCT) and minimum completion time with DVS (MCT-DVS) 640 22.3.3.8 Switching algorithm (SA) 640 22.3.4 Simulation Model 641 22.3.5 Results 643 22.3.5.1 Distributed resource management 643 22.3.5.2 Energy-aware protocol 644 22.3.6 Summary 644 22.4 Future Work 647 References 647 23 AN ENERGY-AWARE FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE DATA MINING 653 Carmela Comito, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio 23.1 Introduction 653 23.2 System Architecture 654 23.3 Mobile Device Components 657 23.4 Energy Model 659 23.5 Clustering Scheme 664 23.5.1 Clustering the M2M Architecture 666 23.6 Conclusion 670 References 670 24 ENERGY AWARENESS AND EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: FROM PHYSICAL DEVICES TO THE COMMUNICATION LINK 673 Fla´ via C. Delicato and Paulo F. Pires 24.1 Introduction 673 24.2 WSN and Power Dissipation Models 676 24.2.1 Network and Node Architecture 676 24.2.2 Sources of Power Dissipation in WSNs 679 24.3 Strategies for Energy Optimization 683 24.3.1 Intranode Level 684 24.3.1.1 Duty cycling 685 24.3.1.2 Adaptive sensing 691 24.3.1.3 Dynamic voltage scale (DVS) 693 24.3.1.4 OS task scheduling 694 24.3.2 Internode Level 695 24.3.2.1 Transmission power control 695 24.3.2.2 Dynamic modulation scaling 696 24.3.2.3 Link layer optimizations 698 24.4 Final Remarks 701 References 702 25 NETWORK-WIDE STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 709 Fla´ via C. Delicato and Paulo F. Pires 25.1 Introduction 709 25.2 Data Link Layer 711 25.2.1 Topology Control Protocols 712 25.2.2 Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols 714 25.2.2.1 Scheduled MAC protocols in WSNs 716 25.2.2.2 Contention-based MAC protocols 717 25.3 Network Layer 719 25.3.1 Flat and Hierarchical Protocols 722 25.4 Transport Layer 725 25.5 Application Layer 729 25.5.1 Task Scheduling 729 25.5.2 Data Aggregation and Data Fusion in WSNs 733 25.5.2.1 Approaches of data fusion for energy efficiency 735 25.5.2.2 Data aggregation strategies 736 25.6 Final Remarks 740 References 741 26 ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS HEALTH CARE NETWORKS 751 Nima Nikzad, Priti Aghera, Piero Zappi, and Tajana S. Rosing 26.1 Introduction 751 26.2 System Model 753 26.2.1 Health Monitoring Task Model 753 26.3 Collaborative Distributed Environmental Sensing 755 26.3.1 Node Neighborhood and Localization Rate 757 26.3.2 Energy Ratio and Sensing Rate 758 26.3.3 Duty Cycling and Prediction 759 26.4 Task Assignment in a Body Area Network 760 26.4.1 Optimal Task Assignment 760 26.4.2 Dynamic Task Assignment 762 26.4.2.1 DynAGreen algorithm 763 26.4.2.2 DynAGreenLife algorithm 768 26.5 Results 771 26.5.1 Collaborative Sensing 771 26.5.1.1 Results 772 26.5.2 Dynamic Task Assignment 776 26.5.2.1 Performance in static conditions 777 26.5.2.2 Dynamic adaptability 780 26.6 Conclusion 784 References 785 INDEX 787

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Book SynopsisEssential reading for launching a career in computer forensics Internet crime is on the rise, catapulting the need for computer forensics specialists. This new edition presents you with a completely updated overview of the basic skills that are required as a computer forensics professional. The author team of technology security veterans introduces the latest software and tools that exist and they review the available certifications in this growing segment of IT that can help take your career to a new level. A variety of real-world practices take you behind the scenes to look at the root causes of security attacks and provides you with a unique perspective as you launch a career in this fast-growing field. Explores the profession of computer forensics, which is more in demand than ever due to the rise of Internet crime Details the ways to conduct a computer forensics investigation Highlights tips and techniques for finding hidden data, capturinTable of ContentsIntroduction. Chapter 1 The Need for Computer Forensics. Chapter 2 Preparation—What to Do Before You Start. Chapter 3 Computer Evidence. Chapter 4 Common Tasks. Chapter 5 Capturing the Data Image. Chapter 6 Extracting Information from Data. Chapter 7 Passwords and Encryption. Chapter 8 Common Forensic Tools. Chapter 9 Pulling It All Together. Chapter 10 How to Testify in Court. Appendix A Answers to Review Questions. Appendix B Forensic Resources. Appendix C Forensic Certifications and More. Appendix D Forensic Tools 289 Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisFacilitating Cooperation for Wireless Systems Cooperative Communications: Hardware, Channel & PHY focuses on issues pertaining to the PHY layer of wireless communication networks, offering a rigorous taxonomy of this dispersed field, along with a range of application scenarios for cooperative and distributed schemes, demonstrating how these techniques can be employed. The authors discuss hardware, complexity and power consumption issues, which are vital for understanding what can be realized at the PHY layer, showing how wireless channel models differ from more traditional models, and highlighting the reliance of PHY algorithm performance on the underlying channel models. Numerous transparent and regenerative relaying protocols are described in detail for a variety of transparent and regenerative cooperative schemes. Key Features: Introduces background, concepts, applications, milestones and thorough taxonomy ITable of ContentsPreface. Abbreviations. Functions. Symbols. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Book Structure. 1.2 Quick Introduction. 1.3 Application Scenarios. 1.4 Pros and Cons of Cooperation. 1.5 Cooperative Performance Bounds. 1.6 Definitions and Terminology. 1.7 Background and Milestones. 1.8 Concluding Remarks. 2 Wireless Relay Channel. 2.1 Introductory Note. 2.2 General Characteristics and Trends. 2.3 Regenerative Relaying Channel. 2.4 Transparent Relaying Channel. 2.5 Distributed MIMO Channel. 2.6 Concluding Remarks. 3 Transparent Relaying Techniques. 3.1 Introductory Note. 3.2 Transparent Relaying Protocols. 3.3 Transparent Space–Time Processing. 3.4 Distributed System Optimization. 3.5 Concluding Remarks. 4 Regenerative Relaying Techniques. 4.1 Introductory Note. 4.2 Regenerative Relay Protocols. 4.3 Distributed Space–Time Coding. 4.4 Distributed Network Coding. 4.5 Concluding Remarks. 5 Hardware Issues. 5.1 Introductory Note. 5.2 Analog Hardware Transceivers. 5.3 Digital Hardware Transceivers. 5.4 Architectural Comparisons. 5.5 Complexity of 3G UMTS Voice/HSDPA Relay. 5.6 Complexity of LTE/WiMAX Relay. 5.7 Hardware Demonstrators. 5.8 Concluding Remarks. 6 Conclusions and Outlook. 6.1 Contributions. 6.2 Real-World Impairments. 6.3 Open Research Problems. 6.4 Business Challenges. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe effective design of high-speed, reliable switching systems is essential for moving the huge volumes of traffic and multimedia over modern communications networks. This book explains all the main packet-switching architectures, including all theoretical and practical topics relevant to the design and management of high-speed networks. Delivering the most systematic coverage available of the subject, the authors interweave fundamental concepts with real-world applications and include engineering case studies from wireless and fiber-optic communications. Market: Hardware and Software Engineers in the telecommunication industry, System Engineers, and Technicians.Trade Review"...addresses the basics, theory, architectures, and technologies for implementing ATM switches and IP routers." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002) "...a remarkable overview of switching architectures and techniques in different technological environments..." (IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Basics of Packet Switching. Input-Buffered Switches. Shared-Memory Switches. Banyan-Based Switches. Knockout-Based Switches. The Abacus Switch. Crosspoint-Buffered Switches. The Tandem-Crosspoint Switch. Clos-Network Switches. Optical Packet Switches. Wireless ATM Switches. IP Route Lookups. Appendix: SONET and ATM Protocols. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe up-to-date edition of the bestselling guide to the basics of telecommunications and digital technology Understanding Telecommunications and Lightwave Systems presents a nontechnical treatment of how voice, video, and multimedia can simultaneously travel over today''s evolving telecommunications systems. This updated Third Edition provides a comprehensive overview of the telecommunications field as well as a detailed introduction to the latest lightwave technology. The author''s examination of recent techniques and developing technologies in telecommunications includes: Third-generation cell phones with microbrowser capabilities Changes in the global PCS network Optical switching and transmission parameters Lightwave systems and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing A new chapter (Chapter 17: The Internet) that examines this multimedia structure and the network economy it has created Satellite communTrade Review"...provides a non-technical overview of contemporary telecommunications systems." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002)Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 1 The Evolution of Telecommunications 3 The Telegraph 3 The Telephone 3 Wireless Communications 4 AT&T Monopoly 4 Trans-Canada System 4 Semiconductors 5 Digital Communications 5 Satellite Communications 6 Fiber Optics 6 AT&T Break-Up 6 Telecommunications Act of 1996 8 The Meltdown 10 Conclusion 10 2 Analog Transmission 12 Conclusion 15 Review Questions for Chapter 2 15 3 Digital Transmission 17 Conclusion 19 Review Questions for Chapter 3 20 4 Basic Multiplexing Techniques 21 Brief History 21 FDM 21 TDM 22 Pulse-Code Modulation 22 Conclusion 27 Review Questions for Chapter 4 27 5 Switching Hierarchy 28 Brief History '. 28 Divestiture 30 Conclusion 32 Review Questions for Chapter 5 32 6 North American Digital Hierarchies 34 Conclusion 37 Review Questions for Chapter 6 37 7 Transmission 38 Transmission Level 39 Via Net Loss (VNL) 40 All-Digital Network 40 Echo Suppressors and Echo Cancellers 43 Split Echo Suppressor 44 Full Echo Suppressor 45 Digital Echo Canceller 45 Conclusion 46 Review Questions for Chapter 7 47 8 The Local Subscriber Loop 48 Brief History 48 The Local Loop 48 Digital Subscriber Carrier Systems 50 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines 52 Conclusion 54 Review Questions for Chapter 8 55 9 Microwave Radio 56 Brief History 56 Digital Radio 56 Design Considerations 58 SONET Radio 60 Conclusion 61 Review Questions for Chapter 9 61 10 Satellite Communications 63 Brief History 63 Geostationary (GEO) Satellites 65 Parking Slots 66 Transponders 67 The Footprint 68 Time Delay 68 Global Positioning System 70 MEO and LEO Satellites 71 Direct-to-Home Satellite System 75 Satellite Operators 75 Conclusion 76 Review Questions for Chapter 10 76 11 Switching Systems 78 The Strowger Switch 78 Panel Switching Syste 79 Crossbar Switch 79 The First Electronic Switch 80 The Digital Switch 81 The Optical Switch 84 Optical Switches with Electrical Cores 85 All-Optical Switches 85 Conclusion 90 Review Questions for Chapter 11 90 12 Private Branch Exchange 92 Brief History 92 Analog PBX 92 Digital PBX 93 Conclusion 95 Review Questions for Chapter 12 96 13 Traffic Considerations 97 Brief History 97 CCS 97 Grade of Service 98 Internet Congestion 99 Conclusion 101 Review Questions for Chapter 13 101 14 Video Transmission 102 Brief History 102 Video Compression 102 Switched Data Services 103 Video Codecs 103 Videophone 104 Multimedia 105 Conclusion 107 Review Questions for Chapter 14 108 15 Wireless 109 Brief History 109 Cellular Telephone Service 109 The Mobile Unit 111 Personal Communications Services (PCS) 113 The Standards 114 The Future 115 Conclusion 117 Review Questions for Chapter 15 119 16 The Computer 120 Brief History 120 Digital Computers 120 Microprocessors 123 Hard Drive 123 End of an Era 125 Internet Appliances 125 The Evolution of the Silicon Chip 127 Bluetooth 127 Conclusion 128 Review Questions for Chapter 16 130 17 The Internet 131 Brief History 131 Internet Access 132 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 133 Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 134 Integrated Services Digital Network 134 Cable Modems 136 Satellite 137 Local Multipoint Distribution System 138 Circuit Switched vs. Packet Switched 139 Internet Telephony 142 Conclusion 143 Review Questions for Chapter 17 144 18 Lightwave Systems 145 Brief History 145 New Transcontinental Carriers 149 Lightwave Undersea Systems 150 Evolution of Lightwave Systems 150 Optical Fiber Cable 154 Optical Fiber Transmission Parameters 157 Fiber Connectors 163 Optical Emitters 165 Optical Detectors 167 Tunable Lasers 168 All-Optical Networks 169 Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing 169 Optical Amplifiers 171 Optical Cross-Connects 173 System Design Considerations 175 Synchronous Optical Network 178 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 186 SONET Ring Networks 190 System Availability 192 Cable Placement Choices 193 Cable Placement Techniques 195 Placement of Underground Cable 196 Placement of Aerial Cable 197 Placement of Direct Buried Cable 199 Field Splicing 203 Mechanical Splicing 205 Field Testing Using an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer 205 Fiber-to-the-Home 209 Video-on-Demand (VOD) 209 Fiber-to-the-Curb 210 Local Area Network 213 Ethernet 214 IBM Token Ring 215 LAN Topology 216 Wireless LANs 218 Fiber Optic LANs 218 Conclusion 224 Review Questions for Chapter 18 225 Telecommunications Glossary 228 Bibliography 250 Index 251 Answers to Review Questions 259 About the Author 269

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Book SynopsisThe next generation of wireless communications systems will offer practically unlimited mobility and high data-rate services such as streaming video. In order to provide these capabilities, wireless networks will need to have extremely high bandwidth efficiency. One of the most promising techniques for ensuring this efficiency is space-time coding.Table of ContentsPreface. Acronyms. 1. Motivation and Context. 1.1 Evolution of Wireless Communication Systems. 1.2 Wireless Propagation Effects. 1.3 Parameters and Classification of Wireless Channels. 1.3.1 Delay Spread and Coherence Bandwidth. 1.3.2 Doppler Spread and Coherence Time. 1.4 Providing, Enabling and Collecting Diversity. 1.4.1 Diversity Provided by Frequency-Selective Channels. 1.4.2 Diversity Provided by Time-Selective Channels. 1.4.3 Diversity Provided by Multi-Antenna Channels. 1.5 Chapter-by-Chapter Organization. 2. Fundamentals of ST Wireless Communications. 2.1 Generic ST System Model. 2.2 ST Coding viz Channel Coding. 2.3 Capacity of ST Channels. 2.3.1 Outage Capacity. 2.3.2 Ergodic Capacity. 2.4 Error Performance of ST Coding. 2.5 Design Criteria for ST Codes. 2.6 Diversity and Rate: Finite SNR viz Asymptotics. 2.7 Classification of ST Codes. 2.8 Closing Comments. 3. Coherent ST Codes for Flat Fading Channels. 3.1 Delay Diversity ST Codes. 3.2 ST Trellis Codes. 3.2.1 Trellis Representation. 3.2.2 TSC ST Trellis Codes. 3.2.3 BBH ST Trellis Codes. 3.2.4 GFK ST Trellis Codes. 3.2.5 Viterbi Decoding of ST Trellis Codes. 3.3 Orthogonal ST Block Codes. 3.3.1 Encoding of OSTBCs. 3.3.2 Linear ML Decoding of OSTBCs. 3.3.3 BER Performance with OSTBCs. 3.3.4 Channel Capacity with OSTBCs. 3.4 Quasi-Orthogonal ST Block Codes. 3.5 ST Linear Complex Field Codes. 3.5.1 Antenna Switching and Linear Precoding. 3.5.2 Designing Linear Precoding Matrices. 3.5.3 Upper-Bound on Coding Gain. 3.5.4 Construction based on Parameterization. 3.5.5 Construction Based on Algebraic Tools. 3.5.6 Decoding ST Linear Complex Field Codes. 3.5.7 Modulus-Preserving STLCFC. 3.6 Linking OSTBC, QO-STBC and STLCFC Designs. 3.6.1 Embedding MP-STLCFC into the Alamouti Code. 3.6.2 Embedding 2 x 2 MP-STLCFCs into OSTBC. 3.6.3 Decoding QO-MP-STLCFC. 3.7 Closing Comments. 4. Layered ST Codes. 4.1 BLAST Designs. 4.1.1 D-BLAST. 4.1.2 V-BLAST. 4.1.3 Rate Performance with BLAST Codes. 4.2 ST Codes Trading Diversity for Rate. 4.2.1 Layered ST Codes with Antenna-Grouping. 4.2.2 Layered High-Rate Codes. 4.3 Full-Diversity Full-Rate ST Codes. 4.3.1 The FDFR Transceiver. 4.3.2 Algebraic FDFR Code Design. 4.3.3 Mutual Information Analysis. 4.3.4 Diversity-Rate-Performance Trade-offs. 4.4 Numerical Examples. 4.5 Closing Comments. 5. Sphere Decoding and (Near-) Optimal MIMO Demodulation. 5.1 Sphere Decoding Algorithm. 5.1.1 Selecting a Finite Search Radius. 5.1.2 Initializing with Unconstrained LS. 5.1.3 Searching within the Fixed-Radius Sphere. 5.2 Average Complexity of SDA in Practice. 5.3 SDA Improvements. 5.3.1 SDA with Detection Ordering and Nulling-Cancelling. 5.3.2 Schnorr-Euchner Variate of SDA. 5.3.3 SDA with Increasing Radius Search. 5.3.4 Simulated Comparisons. 5.4 Reduced-Complexity IRS-SDA. 5.5 Soft Decision Sphere Decoding. 5.5.1 List Sphere Decoding (LSD). 5.5.2 Soft SDA using Hard SDAs. 5.6 Closing Comments. 6. Non-Coherent and Differential ST Codes for Flat Fading Channels. 6.1 Non-Coherent ST Codes. 6.1.1 Search-Based Designs. 6.1.2 Training-Based Designs. 6.2 Differential ST Codes. 6.2.1 Scalar Differential Codes. 6.2.2 Differential Unitary ST Codes. 6.2.3 Differential Alamouti Codes. 6.2.4 Differential OSTBCs. 6.2.5 Cayley Differential Unitary ST Codes. 6.3 Closing Comments. 7. ST Codes for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels: Single-Carrier Systems. 7.1 System Model and Performance Limits. 7.1.1 Flat-Fading Equivalence and Diversity. 7.1.2 Rate Outage Probability. 7.2 ST Trellis Codes. 7.2.1 Generalized Delay Diversity. 7.2.2 Search-Based STTC Construction. 7.2.3 Numerical Examples. 7.3 ST Block Codes. 7.3.1 Block Coding with Two Transmit-Antennas. 7.3.2 Receiver Processing. 7.3.3 ML Decoding based on the Viterbi Algorithm. 7.3.4 Turbo Equalization. 7.3.5 Multi-Antenna Extensions. 7.3.6 OSTBC Properties. 7.3.7 Numerical Examples. 7.4 Closing Comments. 8. ST Codes for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels: Multi-Carrier Systems. 8.1 The General MIMO OFDM Framework. 8.1.1 OFDM Basics. 8.1.2 MIMO OFDM. 8.1.3 STF Framework. 8.2 ST and SF Coded MIMO OFDM. 8.3 STF Coded OFDM. 8.3.1 Subcarrier Grouping. 8.3.2 GSTF Block Codes. 8.3.3 GSTF Trellis Codes. 8.3.4 Numerical Examples. 8.4 Digital Phase Sweeping and Block Circular Delay. 8.5 Full-Diversity Full-Rate MIMO OFDM. 8.5.1 Encoders and Decoders. 8.5.2 Diversity and Rate Analysis. 8.5.3 Numerical Examples. 8.6 Closing Comments. 9. ST Codes for Time-Varying Channels. 9.1 Time-Varying Channels. 9.1.1 Channel Models. 9.1.2 Time-Frequency Duality. 9.1.3 Doppler Diversity. 9.2 Space-Time-Doppler Block Codes. 9.2.1 Duality-Based STDO Codes. 9.2.2 Phase Sweeping Design. 9.3 Space-Time-Doppler FDFR Codes. 9.4 Space-Time-Doppler Trellis Codes. 9.4.1 Design Criterion. 9.4.2 Smart-Greedy Codes. 9.5 Numerical Examples. 9.6 Space-Time-Doppler Differential Codes. 9.6.1 Inner Codec. 9.6.2 Outer Differential Codec. 9.7 ST Codes for Doubly-Selective Channels. 9.7.1 Numerical Examples. 9.8 Closing Comments. 10. Joint Galois-Field and Linear Complex-Field ST Codes. 10.1 GF-LCF ST Codes. 10.1.1 Separate versus Joint GF-LCF ST Coding. 10.1.2 Performance Analysis. 10.1.3 Turbo Decoding. 10.2 GF-LCF ST Layered Codes. 10.2.1 GF-LCF ST FDFR Codes: QPSK Signalling. 10.2.2 GF-LCF ST FDFR Codes: QAM Signalling. 10.2.3 Performance Analysis. 10.2.4 GF-LCF FDFR versus GF-Coded V-BLAST. 10.2.5 Numerical Examples. 10.3 GF-LCF Coded MIMO OFDM. 10.3.1 Joint GF-LCF Coding and Decoding. 10.3.2 Numerical Examples. 10.4 Closing Comments. 11. MIMO Channel Estimation and Synchronization. 11.1 Preamble-Based Channel Estimation. 11.2 Optimal Training-Based Channel Estimation. 11.2.1 ZP-Based Block Transmissions. 11.2.2 CP-Based Block Transmissions. 11.2.3 Special Cases. 11.2.4 Numerical Examples. 11.3 (Semi-)Blind Channel Estimation. 11.4 Joint Symbol Detection and Channel Estimation. 11.4.1 Decision-Directed Methods. 11.4.2 Kalman Filtering Based Methods. 11.5 Carrier Synchronization. 11.5.1 Hopping Pilot Based CFO Estimation. 11.5.2 Blind CFO Estimation. 11.5.3 Numerical Examples. 11.6 Closing Comments. 12. ST Codes with Partial Channel Knowledge: Statistical CSI. 12.1 Partial CSI Models. 12.1.1 Statistical CSI. 12.2 ST Spreading. 12.2.1 Average Error Performance. 12.2.2 Optimization based on Average SER Bound. 12.2.3 Mean-Feedback. 12.2.4 Covariance-Feedback. 12.2.5 Beamforming Interpretation. 12.3 Combining OSTBC with Beamforming. 12.3.1 Two-Dimensional Coder-Beamformer. 12.4 Numerical Examples. 12.4.1 Performance with Mean-Feedback. 12.4.2 Performance with Covariance-Feedback. 12.5 Adaptive Modulation for Rate Improvement. 12.5.1 Numerical Examples. 12.6 Optimizing Average Capacity. 12.7 Closing Comments. 13. ST Codes With Partial Channel Knowledge: Finite-Rate CSI. 13.1 General Problem Formulation. 13.2 Finite-Rate Beamforming. 13.2.1 Beamformer Selection. 13.2.2 Beamformer Codebook Design. 13.2.3 Quantifying the Power Loss. 13.2.4 Numerical Examples. 13.3 Finite-Rate Precoded Spatial Multiplexing. 13.3.1 Precoder Selection Criteria. 13.3.2 Codebook Construction: Infinite-Rate. 13.3.3 Codebook Construction: Finite-Rate. 13.3.4 Numerical Examples. 13.4 Finite-Rate Precoded OSTBC. 13.4.1 Precoder Selection Criterion. 13.4.2 Codebook Construction: Infinite-Rate. 13.4.3 Codebook Construction: Finite-Rate. 13.4.4 Numerical Examples. 13.5 Capacity Optimization with Finite-Rate Feedback. 13.5.1 Selection Criterion. 13.5.2 Codebook Design. 13.6 Combining Adaptive Modulation with Beamforming. 13.6.1 Mode Selection. 13.6.2 Codebook Design. 13.7 Finite-rate Feedback in MIMO OFDM. 13.8 Closing Comments. 14. ST Codes in the Presence of Interference. 14.1 ST Spreading. 14.1.1 Maximizing the Average SINR. 14.1.2 Minimizing the Average Error Bound. 14.2 Combining STS with OSTBC. 14.2.1 Low-Complexity Receivers. 14.3 Optimal Training with Interference. 14.3.1 LS Channel Estimation. 14.3.2 LMMSE Channel Estimation. 14.4 Numerical Examples. 14.5 Closing Comments. 15. ST Codes for Orthogonal Multiple Access. 15.1 System Model. 15.1.1 Synchronous downlink. 15.1.2 Quasi-synchronous uplink. 15.2 Single-Carrier Systems: STBC-CIBS-CDMA. 15.2.1 CIBS-CDMA for User Separation. 15.2.2 STBC Encoding and Decoding. 15.2.3 Attractive Features of STBC-CIBS-CDMA. 15.2.4 Numerical Examples. 15.3 Multi-Carrier Systems: STF-OFDMA. 15.3.1 OFDMA for User Separation. 15.3.2 STF Block Codes. 15.3.3 Attractive Features of STF-OFDMA. 15.3.4 Numerical Examples. 15.4 Closing Comments. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisToday all enterprises, from retail stores to financial institutions, manufacturing to government departments, depend on their databases to provide the crucial information essential to running their businesses. Databases are central for the rapidly growing and maturing electronic commerce.Table of ContentsPreface xxv PART I BASIC DATABASE CONCEPTS 1 1 THE DATABASE APPROACH 3 2 OVERVIEW OF MAJOR COMPONENTS 36 PART II DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 67 3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT 69 4 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE 93 PART III CONCEPTUAL DATA MODELING 141 5 DATA MODELING BASICS 143 6 OBJECT-BASED DATA MODEL: PRINCIPLES AND COMPONENTS 167 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DATA MODEL 206 PART IV THE RELATIONAL DATA MODEL 237 8 RELATIONAL DATA MODEL FUNDAMENTALS 239 9 SEMANTIC DATA MODEL TO RELATIONAL DATA MODEL 273 10 DATA NORMALIZATION METHOD 303 PART V DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 331 11 COMPLETING THE LOGICAL DESIGN 333 12 THE PHYSICAL DESIGN PROCESS 351 13 SPECIAL IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS 385 PART VI DATABASE ADMINISTRATION AND MAINTENANCE 423 14 OVERVIEW OF ADMINISTRATION FUNCTIONS 425 15 DATA INTEGRITY 446 16 DATABASE SECURITY 495 17 ONGOING MAINTENANCE AND GROWTH 525 PART VII ADVANCED DATABASE TOPICS 551 18 DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEMS 553 19 DATABASE SYSTEMS AND THE WEB 598 20 TRENDS IN DATABASE TECHNOLOGY 636 APPENDICES 685 A Legacy System Models: Hierarchical and Network 687 B Codd's Relational Rules 692 C Diagramming Conventions and Symbols 694 D Use of CASE tools 700 E Review of major commercial DBMSs 703 F Database Design and Development Summary 712 References 716 Glossary 718 Index 729

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Book SynopsisThe development of corporate database systems is complex, time-consuming, and expensive, causing developers to look for ways to cut costs. Len Silverston found a way to do this by identifying core data models that most companies share, standardizing them, and making them available on this CD-ROM.Trade Review"I thought the models in the books were well thought out and adequately explained" (Computer Shopper February 2002)Table of ContentsForeword. Acknowledgments. About the Author. Introduction. People and Organizations. Products. Ordering Products. Shipments. Work Effort. Invoicing. Accounting and Budgeting. Human Resources. Creating the Data Warehouse Data Model from the Enterprise Data Model. A Sample Data Warehouse Data Model. Star Schema Designs for Sales Analysis. Star Schema Designs for Human Resources. Additional Star Schema Designs. Implementing the Universal Data Models. Appendix A: Logical Data Model Entities and Attributes. Appendix B: Data Warehouse Data Model Tables and Columns. Appendix C: Star Schema Design Tables and Columns. How to Use the CD-ROM Product. Other Reusable Data Model and Data Warehouse Design Resources. Index.

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Book SynopsisA software radio is a radio whose channel modulation waveforms are defined in software. All wireless telephones are controlled by this software. Written by the leader in the field, this book covers the technology that will allow cellular telephones to greatly expand the types of data they can transmit.Trade Review"...shows how to integrate the analogue radio-frequency and digital aspect of radio with the emerging large-scale, object-oriented software technology needed for open-architecture software-defined radio." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 2001)Table of ContentsIntroduction and Overview. Architecture Evolution. The Radio Spectrum and RF Environment. Systems-Level Architecture Analysis. Node-Level Architecture Analysis. Segment Design Tradeoffs. Antenna Segment Tradeoffs. RE/IF Conversion Segment Tradeoffs. ADC and DAC Tradeoffs. Digital Processing Tradeoffs. Software Architecture Tradeoffs. Software Component Characteristics. Performance Management. Smart Antennas. Applications. Reference Architecture. References. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten to identify IP based network and service issues and the challenges facing its growth, as well as to assist the research and development community to prioritize their work in order to solve the problems facing the industry.Trade Review"The book is very practical and well-written for network operation engineers, computer scientists, and professionals. Every IP network professional will find something new and useful in this book." (E-Streams, Vol. 7, No. 6) "...a valuable source of information on a broad range of IP network-related management issues for both specialists and newcomers..." (IEEE Communications Magazine, January 2004)Table of ContentsContributors. Introduction. 1 Current Practice and Evolution (Salah Aidarous). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Evolution of Network Architecture. 1.3 Technology Breakthrough. 1.4 IP Management Challenges. 1.5 IP/PSTN Integration. 1.7 Summary. 2 eCommerce (Paul Levine). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 eCommerce Requirements. 2.3 Open-edi. 2.4 Business Operational View. 2.5 Semantics (Data Definition Standards). 2.6 Shared Semantics for Interoperability (Data Exchange Standards). 2.7 Summary. 3 Quality of Service in IP Networks (Joberto Sérgio Barbosa Martins). Introduction. 3.1 IP Context and Quality of Service. 3.2 Quality of Service. 3.3 Quality of Service: Approaches and Initiatives for IP Networks. 3.4 Packet Conditioning, Queue Scheduling, and Congestion Control in Routers. 3.5 Integrated Services Architecture. 3.6 Differentiated Services Architecture. 3.7 Multiprotocol Label Switching. 3.8 Summary. 4 A Survey of Charging Internet Services (Burkhard Stiller). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Motivation and Terminology. 4.3 Related Work. 4.4 Internet Services and Technology Choices. 4.5 Pricing Models. 4.6 ISP Cost Models. 4.7 Charging Support Systems. 4.8 Business Model Aspects. 4.9 Summary and Conclusions. 5 IP Security (Mostafa Hashem Sherif). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Security of Telecommunications Services. 5.3 Security Objectives. 5.4 OSI Model for Cryptographic Security. 5.5 Message Confidentiality. 5.6 Data Integrity. 5.7 Identification of Participants. 5.8 Authentication of Participants. 5.9 Access Control. 5.10 Nonrepudiation. 5.11 Secure Management of Cryptographic Keys. 5.12 Exchange of Secret Keys: Kerberos. 5.13 Exchange of Public Keys. 5.14 Certificate Management. 5.15 Applications for Network Management. 5.16 Encryption Cracks. 5.17 Summary. Appendix I: Areas Related to Security Policies. Appendix II: Principles of Symmetric Encryption. Appendix III: Principles of Public Key Encryption. Appendix IV: Principles of the Digital Signature Algorithm. 6 The Future Optical Internet: Integration of Optical and IP Technologies (Andrea Fumagalli, Javier Aracil, and Luca Valcarenghi). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Optical Network Technologies. 6.3 Protocol Architectures, Signaling and Framing Techniques for the Optical Internet. 6.4 Traffic Engineering in the Optical Internet. 6.5 Open Challenges. Acronyms. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers comprehensive coverage of wireless networks and mobile computing with an emphasis on computer science and system considerations rather than devices. It offers detailed, practical discussion of topics such as cellular networks, channel assignment, queuing, power optimization, and more.Trade Review"Each of this handbook's 28 chapters features a self-contained compendium of the state-of-the-art or practice of a wireless or mobile networking research topic." (Choice, July 2002)Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. 1. Handoff in Wireless Mobile Networks (Q. An Zeng & D. Agrawal). 2. Location Management in Cellular Networks (J. Zhang). 3. Heuristics for Solving Fixed-Channel Assignment Problems (H. Sandalidis & P. Stavroulakis). 4. Channel Assignment and Graph Multicoloring (L. Narayanan). 5. Channel Assignment and Graph Labeling (J. Janssen). 6. Wireless Media Access Control (A. Myers & S. Basagni). 7. Traffic Integration in Personal, Local, and Geographical Wireless Networks(R. Bruno, et al.). 8. Fair Scheduling in Wireless Packet Data Networks (T. Nandagopal & X. Gao). 9. Randomized Initialization protocols for Radio Networks (K. Nakano & S. Olariu). 10. Leader Election Protocols for Radio Networks (K. Nakano & S. Olariu). 11. Data Broadcast (J. Xu, et al.). 12. Ensemble Planning for Digital Audio Broadcasting (A. Gräf & T. McKenney). 13. Transport over Wireless Networks (H. Hsieh & R. Sivakumar). 14. Security and Fraud Detection in Mobile and Wireless Networks (A. Boukerche). 15. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (S. Giordano). 16. Broadcast Scheduling for TDMA in Wireless Multihop Networks (E. Lloyd). 17. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Routing Protocols (Y. Tseng, et al.). 18. Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Geometric and Wireless Networks (J. Urrutia). 19. Power Optimization in Routing Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Networks (S. Lindsey, et al.). 20. Dominating-Set-Based Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (J. Wu). 21. Location Updates for Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Networks (I. Stojmenovi). 22. Topological Design, Routing, and Handover in Satellite Networks (A. Ferreira, et al.). 23. Multicasting: From Fixed Networks to Ad Hoc Networks (T. Kunz). 24. Broadcasting in Radio Networks (A. Pelc). 25. Mobile IP Protocols (C. Douligeris & T. Vasilakos). 26. Data Management in Wireless Mobile Environments (S. Gupta & P. Srimani). 27. Mobile, Distributed and Pervasive Computing (M. Barbeau). 28. Indoor Wireless Environments (L. Ramachandran). Index.

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Book SynopsisDivided into three parts, this work provides an introduction to the theory of distributed computing. It covers the fundamental models, issues, and techniques. It is organized around key simulations in distributed computing, and their applications.Trade Review"This is a second edition of a well-received graduate course textbook dealing with the important field of distributed computing." (Computing Reviews.com, May 10, 2006) "...the authors take readers through these notoriously difficult subjects and ably demystify puzzling buzzwords…" (IEEE Distributed Systems Online, March 2005) "The authors present the fundamental issues underlying the design of distributed systems…as well as fundamental algorithmic concepts and lower-bound techniques." (IEEE Computer Magazine, October 2004)Table of Contents1. Introduction. PART I: FUNDAMENTALS. 2. Basic Algorithms in Message-Passing Systems. 3. Leader Election in Rings. 4. Mutual Exclusion in Shared Memory. 5. Fault-Tolerant Consensus. 6. Causality and Time. PART II: SIMULATIONS. 7. A Formal Model for Simulations. 8. Broadcast and Multicast. 9. Distributed Shared Memory. 10. Fault-Tolerant Simulations of Read/Write Objects. 11. Simulating Synchrony. 12. Improving the Fault Tolerance of Algorithms. 13. Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization. PART III: ADVANCED TOPICS. 14. Randomization. 15. Wait-Free Simulations of Arbitrary Objects. 16. Problems Solvable in Asynchronous Systems. 17. Solving Consensus in Eventually Stable Systems. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis work covers the evaluation of the performance of computer communication systems. It covers developments in computer performability, bringing together two subjects that have been treated separately in different communities, namely computer and communication system performance evaluation.Trade Review"...examines various computer techniques for analyzing computing performance in the presence of failures." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 2001)Table of ContentsContributing Authors. Foreword. Preface. Introduction. Queues with Breakdowns. The Uniformization Method in Performability Analysis. Closed-Form Solutions for Performability. Markov-Reward Models and Hyperbolic Systems. Monotonicity and Error Bound Results. The Task Completion Time in Degradable Systems. Rare Event Simulation. Specification and Construction of Performability Models. A Survey of Performability Modelling Tools. Bibliography. Concise Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text tackles the economic, social, and political issues that electronic commerce raises from interdisciplinary and international perspectives. It presents information for those wanting the background of e-commerce, and gives case studies related to specific services making use of e-commerce.Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Preface and Acknowledgements ix Introduction E-Commerce Definition, Dimensions and Constraints xiThomas R. Leinbach and Stanley D. Brunn Part 1 E-commerce: Meaning, Theory, and Impacts Chapter 1 Emergence of the Digital Economy and E-Commerce 3Thomas R. Leinbach Chapter 2 Towards an Economics of the Internet and E-Commerce 27Kenneth Button and Samantha Taylor Chapter 3 Beyond Transaction Costs: E-Commerce and the Power of the Internet Dataspace 45Martin Kenney and James Curry Chapter 4 Towards a Location Theory of Distributed Computing and E-Commerce 67Michael F. Goodchild Chapter 5 Maybe the Death of Distance, but not the End of Geography: the Internet as a Network 87Edward J. Malecki and Sean P. Gorman Part II E-Commerce in Firm, Regional, and International Context Chapter 6 The Information Society, Japanese Style: Corner Stores as Hubs for E-Commerce Access 109Yuko Aoyama Chapter 7 Internet Economics and the Outline Recruiting Industry 129Sharon Cobb Chapter 8 Grounding Global Flows: Constructing an E-Commerce Hub in Singapore 145Neil M. Coe and Henry Wai-chung Yeung Chapter 9 Finding the Source of Amazon.com: Examining the Store with the ‘Earth’s Biggest Selection’Martin Dodge Chapter 10 Electronic Banking and the City System in the Netherlands 181Marina van Geenhuizen and Peter Nijkamp Chapter 11 Global Electronic Spaces: Singapore’s Role in the Foreign Exchange Market in the Asia Pacific Region 203John Langdale Part III E-commerce: Financial, Legal, and State Dimensions Chapter 12 The Currency of Currency: Speed, Sovereignty, and Electronic Finance 223Barney Warf and Darren Purcell Chapter 13 Information and Communication Technologies and the Integration of European Derivatives Markets 241Dominic Power Chapter 14 ‘Dry Counties’ in Cyberspace: Governance and Enforcement without Geographic Borders 257Priscilla M. Regan Chapter 15 Dot com Development: Are IT Lines Better than Tractors? 277Mark I. Wilson Chapter 16 Corporate Nations: The Emergence of New sovereignties 293Thomas M. Edwards References 315 Index 345

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Book SynopsisHow to use LANs to help your company grow A vital component of today's business, Local Area Networks (LANs) alloworganizations to link their computers together for maximum work sharing,collaboration among geographically disparate teams, and other essential businessfunctions. This book helps system administrators and IT professionals set upLANs and Intranets in a way that will contribute to their company's growth andsuccess. Beginning with the theoretical foundation for LAN operation and design,it covers the applicable data communications principles, then goes on to exploreboth LAN hardware and infrastructure design, network operating systems, LANmanagement and security. The book also gives a practical introduction to theworld's most popular network operating systemsWindows 2000, NovellNetWare, and Linux. Finally, the book takes an in-depth look at business and management issues, with special emphasis given to the impact of Intranets onbusiness goals.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Objectives xiii Structure of the book xiv Target readers xiv Long distance learning xv Thanks xv Chapter 1 - introduction 1 Terminology 2 History 3 Mainframe/minicomputers and networks 3 Microcomputers and local area networks 4 Local area networks, Ethernet and internet 4 Classification of local area networks 5 Local area network (LAN) 5 Metropolitan area network (MAN) 5 Wide are network (WAN) 5 WANs and the Internet 6 Intranets 6 Why local area networks? 7 Resource sharing 7 Communication and cooperation 7 Security 8 Costs 8 The life cycle of the local area network 8 Analysis 9 Design 10 Implementation 10 Integration and system testing 11 Operation and maintenance 11 Conclusion 11 Part 1 Chapter 2 - Data communication in local area networks 13 Models for communication 14 A layered model 17 Communication tasks 18 OSI 22 TCP/IP 28 Conclusion 34 Media and Physical layers 34 Media 34 Topology 37 Point-to-point or star topology 37 Bus or tree topology 38 Ring topology 39 Hubs and switches 39 The telephone network and modems 40 DTE – DCE 41 Types of connection 41 Capacities 42 Fields of application 42 How a modem works 42 Serial interface and standards 44 Flow control 45 Error correction 46 Compression 47 Command set 47 Null modem 48 ISDN 48 ADSL 50 UMTS 51 Access methods 51 Contest (CSMA/CD) 51 Token passing 53 Local area network standards 53 IEEE 802.2 LLC – Logical Ling Control 55 IEEE 802.x MAC – Medium Access Control 55 FDDI – Fiber Distributed Data Interface 61 ATM 63 IP networks 65 The protocols 68 IP addresses 69 IP datagram format 72 Assigning IP numbers in local area networks 75 IP routing 76 Transport layer in the TCP/IP suite 82 TCP – Transmission Control Protocol 86 TCP protocol details 90 UDP – User datagram Protocol 95 Application in TCP/IP networks 97 SMTP Simple mail Transfer Protocol 97 HTTP – Hypertext Transfer protocol 99 DNS – Domain Name System 100 Encryption and security 103 Traditional encryption algorithms 104 Encryption with public and private keys 106 PCP encryption 107 Part 2 Chapter 3 - Hardware in a local area network 111 Servers 112 File applications 113 SCSI 115 Hard disks 121 Buses 124 Memory (RAM) 128 Motherboards 132 Processor 134 Chipset 138 Case 139 Hardware for backup copying 141 Magnetic tape 142 Other media 143 Network interface cards 143 Introduction 143 Arhilecture 144 Examples of network card setup and installation 148 Workstations 150 Homogenus networks 150 Diskless workstations 150 Other factors 15I Cables 151 Twisted-pair cables 152 Coaxial cables 155 Wireless networks 158 Conclusion 158 Exercises 159 Chapter 4 - Designing local area networks 161 Introduction 162 Topology 162 Bus 155 Ring 165 Star 167 Segments [Ethernet] 168 Traditional interconnection components 169 Repeaters 169 The 5-4-3 rule for connecting segments 170 Bridges 170 Routers 173 Switch technology 175 Mode of Operations 177 Type of switch 178 Port switching and segment switching 180 Combined speed 181 Structured cabling 182 Cabling and patch panel 183 Hubs 185 Wireless networks 187 Speed Spectrum transfer 188 Infrared transfer 188 VLAN 189 Routing between VLANs 193 Paperwork and documentation 194 Two strategies 195 Negotiation of contract 196 Support and maintenance 197 Level of support agreements 198 Installation 199 Documentation 199 Planning of location 199 Building regulations 202 Summary 202 Exercises 203 Part 3 Chapter 5 - Local area network operating system 205 Introduction 205 Peer-to-peer network 207 Functions and responsibility 208 I/O optimisation 208 Fault tolerance 212 Multiple processing and time sharing 220 Print spooler 222 Logical and physical printing 222 “The running” of network printing 223 Current network operating systems 223 Banyan VINES 224 LANtastic 224 OS/2 Warp Server 225 Summary 225 Exercises 227 Chapter 6 - Management and security 229 Introduction 229 Deciding security levels 230 Printing environment 232 Printing opportunities 232 Printer driver 239 A society of users 239 Groups 241 Physical security 243 Logical security 245 Backup 248 The need for backup 248 Wheel are the consequences? 249 Static and dynamic data 250 Full/incremental/differential backup 250 Backup routine 251 Recouvery 255 Firewalls 256 Disaster planning 257 Summary 257 Exercises 259 Chapter 7 - Novell netware 261 Versions 261 NetWare 252 NetWare 4 262 IntranetWare 264 NetWare 5 265 GroupWise 268 ManageWise 269 NDS - Novell Directory Services 269 What is NDS? 270 Object orientation 271 Object types 273 Leaf objects 274 Novell file system 275 Volumes and folders 275 System fault tolerance 276 SFT Level I 276 SFT Level II 277 SKV level III 278 The order of login script 280 Novell NetWare security 281 Login security 281 Trustees 284 Novell NDS security 293 Printing Environment in Novell NetWare 298 Queue-based printing environment 298 NDPS – Novell Distributed Print Services 302 Managing/maintenance of printing (NDPS) 304 Summary 306 Exercises 307 Chapter 8 - Windows 2000 309 Introduction 309 History/versions 310 Windows 310 Windows 95/98 311 Windows Me (Millennium edition) 312 Windows NT 313 Windows 2000 314 Windows 2000 Professional 315 Hardware requirements 316 Administrator user on workstation 317 Password administration 317 Windows 2000 server 317 Hardware requirements 318 Installation 318 Connecting workstations in. W2K network 320 Workgroups 321 Active directory 322 Important terms 322 Microsoft Management Console MMC 328 Adctive Directory design 327 Object management in Active Directory 330 User administration 331 Groups 327 File security 342 Sharing 342 Folder/file rights 346 Controlling access to AD objects 351 Policies 353 Summary 357 Chapter 9 - linux 361 Introduction 361 History 362 GNU 363 Distributors 364 LINUX structure 365 Installation [RedHat LINUX) on PC 366 Preparations 367 Installation alternatives 368 The file system and. Partitioning 369 LILO Bootmanager 371 Startup 371 Simple UNIX 371 Users and groups 371 Files and rights 373 Useful commands 375 Process handling 376 Shell programming 376 Printing environment in Linux 377 System administration 379 Graphical user interface 380 X-windows 380 Window manager 381 FVWM2 381 WindowMaker 381 Enlightment 381 Libraries 382 GNOME 382 KDE 382 Applications under Linux 383 Xterm 383 Text editors 383 Emacs 384 Pico 384 Word processing 384 Staroffice 384 WordPerfect 385 Other applications 386 Development tools 386 LINUX in networks 386 TCP/IP 386 Platform for services 386 Summary 388 Exercises 389 Part 4 Chapter 10 - Management philosophy and standards for network administration 391 Introduction 391 The fire fighting management method 391 The fire fighting approach 393 Preventive management 396 The good circle 397 Capacity planning 398 System tuning 399 Examples of tools of preventive management 401 Preventive or fire fighting? 436 Standards for network administration 407 MIB 408 SNMP 410 RMON 411 Summary 413 Exercises 414 Chapter 11 - intranet 415 Introduction 415 Intranet services 417 Conveying messages and e-mail 417 Conference system 417 Videoconferences 420 Sharing information 422 Spreading information 422 Implementing an intranet 426 Planning, planning and planning 426 Intranet tools 427 Maintenance and management 429 Summary 437 Exercises 438 Index 439

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Book SynopsisA much--needed guide on how to apply patterns in user interface design While the subject of design patterns for software development has been covered extensively, little has been written about the power of the pattern format in interface design.Table of ContentsPreface. Series Foreword. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Design Pattern Languages. An Interdisciplinary Pattern Framework. A Pattern Language for Interactive Music Exhibits. Evaluation and Tool Support. Summary and Further Research. Bibliography. Appendix A: Online Resources. Appendix B: WorldBeat Sample Run. List of Figures and Credits. Index.

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Book SynopsisDigital Communication Receivers Synchronization, Channel Estimation, and Signal Processing Digital Communication Receivers offers a complete treatment on the theoretical and practical aspects of synchronization and channel estimation from the standpoint of digital signal processing.Table of ContentsBASIC MATERIAL. Basic Material. BASEBAND COMMUNICATIONS. Baseband Communications. PASSBAND COMMUNICATION OVER TIME INVARIANT CHANNELS. Passband Transmission. Receiver Structure for PAM Signals. Synthesis of Synchronization Algorithms. Performance Analysis of Synchronizers. Bit Error Rate Degradation Caused by Random Tracking Errors. Frequency Estimation. Timing Adjustment by Interpolation. DSP System Implementation. COMMUNICATION OVER FADING CHANNELS. Characterization, Modeling, and Simulation of Linear Fading Channels. Detection and Parameter Synchronization on Fading Channels. Receiver Structures for Fading Channels. Parameter Synchronization for Flat Fading Channels. Parameter Synchronization for Selective Fading Channels. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis 2nd edition explores the increasingly important area of mobile data access. In addition, it shows how eBusiness is evolving and how technology can be progressively used to build more sophisticated solutions.Trade Reviewthis is required reading from anyone who tries to keep up with all the developments in this fast moving world." (Teleworker, March 2001) "...an excellent undergraduate textbook for introductory courses in electronic commerce...the authors deftly juggle in providing technical knowledge to both professional and general audience...I have to applaud their success in maintaining a balance..." (Telematics and Informatics, Vol.19, 2002)Table of ContentsDedication ix Preface xi About the Authors xiv Acknowledgements xv 1 Electronic Trade 1 2 The Electronic Marketplace 17 3 The Electronic Shop 39 4 Payments, Credit and Invoicing 57 5 Trust and Security 97 6 Integration 115 7 Supply Chain 137 8 Setting Up Shop 163 9 Putting the ‘e’ into your business 177 10 Underlying Technologies and Standards 195 11 mBusiness 255 12 Who is going to Make Money out of All of this and How? 277 Appendix 1 Case Studies 289 Appendix 2 The Gods of Technology 295 Appendix 3 Glossary 309 Bibliography 331 Index 333

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Book SynopsisIn the last 10 years, there has been an explosion in the number of technologies, standards, and tools to provide process support. The book provides a unified and comprehensive overview of the principles, techniques and technologies underlying the emerging discipline of process aware information systems engineering.Trade Review"…well-written and edited, and includes a brief appendix and a word index, both useful aids." (Computing Reviews.com, January 9, 2007) "…a comprehensive overview of the technical aspects of building PAIS…it is a recommended starting resource." (Computing Reviews.com, May 17, 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. PART I Concepts. 1 Introduction (Marlon Dumas, Wil van der Aalst, and Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede). 1.1 From Programs and Data to Processes. 1.2 PAIS: Definition and Rationale. 1.3 Techniques and Tools. 1.4 Classifications. 1.5 About the Book. References. 2 Person-to-Application Processes: Workflow Management (Andreas Oberweis). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Workflow Terminology. 2.3 Workflow Modeling. 2.4 Workflow Management Systems. 2.5 Outlook. 2.6 Exercises. References. 3 Person-to-Person Processes: Computer-Supported Collaborative Work (Clarence A. Ellis, Paulo Barthelmess, Jun Chen, and Jacques Wainer). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Characterization of Person-to-Person Interactions. 3.3 Characterization of Person-to-Person Systems. 3.4 Example Systems. 3.5 Summary and Conclusions. 3.6 Exercises. References. 4 Enterprise Application Integration and Business-to-Business Integration Processes (Christoph Bussler). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Examples of EAI and B2B Processes. 4.3 Concepts, Architectures, and Tools. 4.4 Future Developments. 4.5 Exercises. References. PART II Modeling Languages. 5 Process Modeling Using UML (Gregor Engels, Alexander Förster, Reiko Heckel, and Sebastian Thöne). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Modeling Control Flow with Activity Diagrams. 5.3 Modeling Objects and Object Flow. 5.4 Modeling Organizational Structure. 5.5 Modeling Business Partner Interactions. 5.6 System-Specific Process Models. 5.7 Summary. 5.8 Exercises. References. 6 Process Modeling Using Event-Driven Process Chains (August-Wilhelm Scheer, Oliver Thomas, and Otmar Adam). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Overview of EPC. 6.3 The ARIS Business Process Meta-Model. 6.4 How to Correctly Model EPCs. 6.5 The ARIS Architecture. 6.6 Future Extensions. 6.7 Exercises. References. 7 Process Modeling Using Petri Nets (Jörg Desel). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Petri Nets. 7.3 Petri Net Classes and Behavior. 7.4 Modeling Single Processes Without Resources. 7.5 Modeling Processes with Resources. 7.6 Behavior and Refinement. 7.7 Analysis. 7.8 Net Classes. Exercises. References. 8 Patterns of Process Modeling (Wil van der Aalst, Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede, and Marlon Dumas). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Classification of Patterns. 8.3 Examples of Control-Flow Patterns. 8.4 Conclusion. 8.5 Exercises. Acknowledgments. References. PART III Techniques. 9 Process Design and Redesign (Hajo A. Reijers). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Methodologies, Techniques, and Tools. 9.3 Business Process Performance Indicators. 9.4 Redesigning Processes Using Best Practices. 9.5 Information-Based Business Process Design. 9.6 Conclusion. 9.7 Exercises. References. 10 Process Mining (Wil van der Aalst and A.J.M.M. (Ton) Weijters). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Process Mining: An Overview. 10.3 Process Mining with the Algorithm. 10.4 Limitations of the Alpha Approach and Possible Solutions. 10.5 Conclusion. 10.6 Exercises. Acknowledgments. References. 11 Transactional Business Processes (Gustavo Alonso). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Transactional Consistency. 11.3 Atomicity. 11.4 Infrastructure for Implementing Atomicity. 11.5 Outlook. 11.6 Exercises and Assignments. Acknowledgments. References. PART IV Standards and Tools. 12 Standards for Workflow Definition and Execution (Jan Mendling, Michael zur Muehlen, and Adrian Price). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Standardization Bodies Relevant to PAIS. 12.3 WfMC Reference Model and WfMC Glossary. 12.4 Process Definition in XPDL. 12.5 Process Invocation Using WF-XML. 12.6 Trends. 12.7 Exercises. References. 13 The Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (Rania Khalaf, Nirmal Mukhi, Francisco Curbera, and Sanjiva Weerawarana). 13.1 Introduction to Web Services. 13.2 BPEL4WS. 13.3 Summary. 13.4 Exercises. References. 14 Workflow Management in Staffware (Charles Brown). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Architecture. 14.3 Integration Tools. 14.4 Methodology. 14.5 Resourcing. 14.6 Conclusion. 14.7 Exercises. References. 15 The FLOWer Case-Handling Approach: Beyond Workflow Management (Paul Berens). 15.1 Outline. 15.2 Overview of Case Handling and FLOWer. 15.3 Conceptual Integrity of FLOWer. 15.4 Golden Rules of Process Management. 15.5 Conclusion. Acknkowledgment. References. Appendix: Readings and Resources. Index.

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Book SynopsisEffective project management tailored to the needs of the telecommunications industry In our rapidly changing world, the information and communication technologies and services have an immense impact on virtually all aspects of our lives...Table of ContentsForeword xiii Preface xv 1 Projects in Telecommunication Services 1 Introduction 1 Project Management Versus Product Management 1 Virtual Network Operators 3 Contribution of Project Management 4 The Two Facets of Telecommunication Services 5 Categories of Projects in Telecommunication Services 6 Upgrades of Public Networks 7 Establishment of Specialized Business Networks 8 Temporary Networks 10 Characteristics of Telecommunication Service Projects 11 Complex Interfaces 11 External Interfaces 11 Internal Interfaces 12 International Orientation 15 Multidisciplinarity 15 No Mass Production 16 Diverse Users 16 A Relatively Long Planning Stage 17 Summary of Distinctions Between the Development of 17 Telecommunication Services and Equipment Summary 17 2 Standards and Innovation in Telecommunication Services 19 The Two Dimensions of Telecommunication Projects 19 The Technological Dimension 19 The Marketing and Social Dimension 22 Classification of Innovations 23 Innovations and the Technology Life Cycle 25 Innovation in Telecommunication Services 26 Incremental Innovation 27 Architectural Innovation 28 Platform Innovation 30 Radical Innovation 30 Interaction of Innovations in Equipment and Services 30 Phasic Relation Between Equipment and Services 31 Standardization for Telecommunication Services 34 Timing of Standards 35 Marketing Perspective 35 Technological View of Standards 35 Anticipatory Standards 36 Enabling (Participatory) Standards 37 Responsive Standards 38 Lack of Standards 38 Standards Policy and Knowledge Management 39 Summary 40 3 The Project Management Context 43 Organization of the Project Team 43 Functional Organization 44 Examples 45 Advantages 47 Disadvantages 47 Matrix Organization 47 Examples 48 Advantages 50 Disadvantages 50 Projectized Organization 50 Examples 51 Advantages 51 Disadvantages 51 Comparison of Project Organizations 52 Project Organization and Innovation Type 52 Incremental Innovation 52 Architectural Innovation 53 Platform Innovation 54 Radical Innovation 54 The Role of the Project Sponsor 54 Phase Management and Portfolio Management 56 The Rolling Wave Method for Service Development 56 Phase 1: Concept Definition 57 Phase 2: Initiation and Preliminary Planning Phase 58 Phase 3: Implementation 58 Phase 4: Controlled Introduction 58 Phase 5: General Availability and Close-Out 59 Canceling Projects 59 Relation to the Build–Operate–Transfer Model 59 Summary 60 4 Scope Management 61 Scope Initiation 62 Scope Planning 62 Market Service Description (MSD) 62 Scope Definition 63 Work Breakdown Structure 63 Technical Plan 64 The Need for Scope Management 66 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics 66 E-Zpass Toll Collection System 66 Background 66 Gaps in the Definition ITS Scope 67 Scope Creep in New Jersey 68 Sources of Scope Change 68 Customer Profile 69 Vendor’s Effect 69 Basic Principles of Scope Management 69 Change Control Policy 71 Strictness of the Change Control Policy 71 Change Control Board 72 Scope Verification 72 Tracking and Issue Management 72 Project Termination 73 Case Studies 74 Telecommunications Alliances/Joint Ventures 74 Net 1000 76 Background 77 Timeline and Organization Evolution 78 Postmortem Analysis 80 Lessons Learned 84 Lessons Not Learned 84 Summary 85 5 Time and Cost Management 87 Scheduling 87 Delays in Telecommunication Projects 88 Compressing the Schedule 89 Cost Management 90 Project Tracking with Earned Value Analysis 91 Metrics for the Earned Value 92 Discrete Effort Method 92 Apportioned Effort Method 93 Level of Effort Method 93 Budget Types 93 Monitoring Project Progress 93 Measures of Efficiency 94 Prerequisites for Earned Value Analysis 95 Earned Value Analysis in Telecommunication Projects 95 Summary 97 6 Information and Communication Management 99 The Role of Communication Management 99 Dissemination of Information 100 Team Cohesion 100 Historical Database 101 Communication and Outsourcing 101 The Communication Plan 102 Audience 102 Circumstances 103 Nature of Information 103 Content of the Plan 104 Communication Channels 104 One-on-One Communication 105 Meetings 105 Telephony and Teleconferences 107 E-Mail 107 Intranets and Project Portals 107 Evaluation of the Communication Processes 108 Measure of Communication Effectiveness 108 Signs of Communication Problems 108 Barriers to Successful Communications 109 Summary 109 7 Resources Management 111 Formation of the Project Team 111 Team Building 116 Team Building and the Hierarchy of Human Needs 116 Signs of a Jelled Team 117 Enablers of Team Cohesiveness 117 Impediments to Team Consolidation 118 No Self-Actualization 118 No Self-Esteem 118 No Belongingness 119 No Security 119 Team Breakup (Adjourning) 119 Project Leadership 119 Transactional Versus Transformational Leadership 120 Project Manager’s Authority 120 Manipulative Behavior 120 MBTI Classification of Leadership Styles 121 Time-Dependent Leadership 123 Matching Leadership Style with the Project Phase 123 Matching Leadership Style with Innovation Type 124 Matching Leadership with Technology Maturity 125 Conflict Resolution 126 Conflicts Due to Contractual Structures 126 Conflicts Due to Connectual Structures 127 Types of Diversity 127 Examples of Social Diversity 128 Examples of Informational Diversity 128 Examples of Value Diversity 129 Conflicts and Diversity 130 Effects of Conflict on Project Performance 130 Dealing with Conflicts 132 Problem Solving 132 Coercion 132 Compromise 132 Accommodation 132 Withdrawal or Avoidance 132 Summary 133 8 Quality Management 135 Overview 135 Quality and Innovation 136 Service Release Management 137 Quality Plan 138 Categorization of the Defects: Urgency and Criticality 139 Appraisal 141 Schedule Compression 144 Evaluation of Testing Progress 145 When to Stop Testing? 145 Vendor Management During the Testing Program 148 Summary 150 Appendix 151 Poisson Model 151 The Basic Model 152 The Jelinski–Moranda Model 152 Deployability 153 Learning Effect with the Yamada Model 154 9 Vendor Management 157 The Importance of Vendor Management 157 Vendor Management Versus Procurement Management 157 Acquisition Process 158 Evaluation of the Formal Solicitation Process 160 Vendor Selection 160 Contract Type 161 Vendor Types in Telecommunications Services 161 Vendor Evaluation 162 Additional Criteria for Equipment Vendors 164 Additional Criteria for Connectivity Vendors 164 Communications with Technology Vendors 165 Statement of Work 165 Vendor Tracking 166 Partnerships and Virtual Organizations 166 Metrics for Vendor Tracking During Acceptance Testing 168 Vendor’s Handoff 169 Metrics for Vendor Tracking for Problems in the Field 169 Risks in the Management of Technology Vendors 170 The Technology Life Cycle 170 Vendor Type 170 Risk of Supply Disruption 171 Congruence of the Plans for the Vendor and the Service Provider 171 Lack of Standards 172 Intellectual Property and Knowledge Management 172 Inadequate Field Support 173 Risk Mitigation in the Management of Technology Vendor 173 Connectivity Vendors 174 Types of Agreements Among Network Operators 174 Risks Management for Interconnectivity Vendors 174 Summary 175 10 Risk Management 177 Risk Identification 178 Risk Evaluation 178 Risk Mitigation 180 Risk Avoidance 180 Risk Reduction 180 Combined Risk Avoidance and Reduction 181 Risk Deflection 181 Risk Financing 182 Risks Identification Telecommunications Services 183 Project Characteristics 184 Complexity 184 Schedule 184 Novelty 185 Geography 185 Internal Organization 185 Technology 186 Supplier 187 Customer 187 Risk Mitigation in Telecommunications Services 187 Risks Due to Project Characteristics 187 Technological Risks 188 Supplier’s Risks 189 Customer’s Risks 189 Standardization and Risk 189 Innovation and Risk 191 Incremental Innovation 191 Architectural Innovation 192 Platform Innovation 193 Radical Innovation 193 Risk Mitigation and Organizational Culture 193 Risk Mitigation and the Project Manager’s Tolerance for Risk 194 Summary 194 11 Service Development 197 Opportunity Analysis and Concept Definition 197 Product Definition and Project Setup 198 Design and Procurement 199 Architecture Design 199 Supplier Management 200 Technical Definition of the Service 202 Site Selection 202 Service Operations Technical Plan (SOTP) 202 Support Processes 203 Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OA&M) 205 Disaster Recovery 207 Customer Network Management 209 Development 209 Equipment Handoff 210 System and Integration Testing 210 Network Operations Center (NOC) 211 Human Resources 211 Return Maintenance Authorization (RMA) 211 Customer Care 211 Service Turn-Up 212 Installing the Equipment 212 In-Field Tests 212 Pilot Trials 213 Controlled Introduction 214 Management of the Controlled Introduction 214 Marketing and Sales Plans for General Availability 215 Commissioning and Life-Cycle Management 217 Lessons Learned and Closeout 217 Quality-of-Service Metrics 217 Customer Care Performance 219 Network Performance 219 OA&M Quality 219 Business and Network Evolution 219 Summary 221 Appendix 221 12 Some Final Thoughts 223 Continuity and Change 223 Project Success or Service Success? 224 Competition and Government Policies 225 Standardization 227 Outsourcing 228 References 229 Index 239

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Book SynopsisMDX Solutions is both a tutorial and a reference guide to the MDX query language. It shows data warehouse developers what they need to know to build effective multidimensional data warehouses. And it teaches users what they need to know to access and analyze data to make better business decisions.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Introduction. Chapter 1: A First Introduction to MDX. Chapter 2: Introduction to MDX Calculated Members and Named Sets. Chapter 3: Common Calculations and Selections in MDX. Chapter 4: MDX Query Context and Execution. Chapter 5: Named Sets and Set Aliases. Chapter 6: Sorting and Ranking in MDX. Chapter 7: Advanced MDX Application Topics. Chapter 8: Using the Attribute Data Model of Microsoft Analysis Services. Chapter 9: Using Attribute Dimensions and Member Properties in Hyperion Essbase. Chapter 10: Extending MDX through External Functions. Chapter 11: Changing the Cube and Dimension Environment through MDX. Chapter 12: The Many Ways to Calculate in Microsoft Analysis Services. Chapter 13: MDX Scripting in Analysis Services 2005. Chapter 14: Enriching the Client Interaction. Chapter 15: Client Programming Basics. Chapter 16: Optimizing MDX. Chapter 17: Working with Local Cubes. Appendix A: MDX Function and Operator Reference. Appendix B: Connection Parameters That Affect MDX. Appendix C: Intrinsic Cell and Member Properties. Appendix D: Format String Codes. Index.

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Book Synopsis Technology professionals seeking higher-paying security jobs need to know security fundamentals to land the job-and this book will help Divided into two parts: how to get the job and a security crash course to prepare for the job interview Security is one of today''s fastest growing IT specialties, and this book will appeal to technology professionals looking to segue to a security-focused position Discusses creating a resume, dealing with headhunters, interviewing, making a data stream flow, classifying security threats, building a lab, building a hacker''s toolkit, and documenting work The number of information security jobs is growing at an estimated rate of 14 percent a year, and is expected to reach 2.1 million jobs by 2008 Trade Review"The book is readable and written in a light, witty style". (Info Security, September 2007)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Introduction. Chapter 1: Finding, Interviewing for, and Getting the Job. Qualifications. Pursuing a Degree. The Perfect Job. Job Search. Interviewing. Money Talks. Accepting or Rejecting the Offer. Summary. Nontechnical Interview Questions. Chapter 2: Knowing Networks: Fundamentals. Introduction. Questions. Recommended Reading. Chapter 3: Knowing Security: Fundamentals. Adjust Your Thinking. Core Values. Basic Concepts. Managing Risk. Data Classification and Labeling. Ethics in Information Security. Daily Security Responsibilities. Summary. Interview Q&A. Recommended Reading. Chapter 4: Understanding Regulations, Legislation, and Guidance. Regulations, Legislation, and Guidance Defined. Why Does an Employer Care? Why Should You Care? Government- and DoD-Specific Information. Commercial Information Security. Using This Information in the Interview. Summary. Interview Q&A. Recommended Reading. Chapter 5: Knowing Firewalls: Fundamentals. Firewall Technologies. Major Vendors. Device Types. Management. Deployment Strategies. Summary. Interview Q&A. Recommended Reading. Chapter 6: Knowing Virtual Private Networks. Goals and Assumptions. The Cryptography of VPNs. IP Security Review. Implementing IPsec. Alternatives to IPsec. Summary. Interview Q&A. Recommended Reading. Chapter 7: Knowing IDS/IPS/IDP. Introduction. Questions. What Questions Do You Want to Ask Me? Recommended Reading. Chapter 8: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Wireless but Were Afraid They' Ask. The Fundamentals. Wireless Cards and Chipsets. Wireless Drivers for Linux. WLAN Detection (WarDriving). Wireless Security. Rogue Wireless Devices. Summary. Interview Q&A. Recommended Reading. Chapter 9: Finding Your Posture. History of Information Security. Modern Information Security. Security Objectives. Determining the Security Posture. Prioritizing the Vulnerabilities. Vulnerability Management. Summary. Interview Q&A. Recommended Reading. Chapter 10: Tools. Enumeration, Port Scanning, and Banner Grabbing. Wireless Enumeration. Vulnerability Scanning. Password Compliance Testing. Network Sniffing. Penetration Testing. Learning. Summary. Interview Q&A. Recommended Reading. Additional Resources. Index.

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Book SynopsisDo you roam the road making a living, or are you enjoying the nomadic life of a retiree with a motor home? Either way, life goes on no matter where you''re hanging your hat tonight. Bills still need to be paid, grandchildren grow up way too fast, and you''ve gotten pretty dependent on your e-mail. How do you stay connected to the rest of the world while you''re on the road? For a growing number of over-the-road drivers, business travelers, and RV enthusiasts, the answer is a wireless Internet connection. With a laptop and wireless access, you can Pay bills, check accounts, and handle banking online Send and receive e-mail Surf the Web Access your home PC Make inexpensive phone calls with VoIP Watch TV, download movies, and listen to satellite radio So, you say, I see people in movies popping open their laptops and getting online wherever they happen to be. It looks awfully easywhy do I need a book? WeTable of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: The Wonderful World of Wireless Fidelity. Chapter 1: Taking the Wi-Fi Highway. Chapter 2: Selecting a Standard. Chapter 3: Gearing Up. Chapter 4: Putting Your Gear Together. Part II: Surfing the Net Unplugged. Chapter 5: Spotting Hotspots. Chapter 6: Using Truck– and RV–Friendly Hotspots. Part III: Bridging the Wireless Gap. Chapter 7: Cellular Data Services: Can You Connect Me Now? Chapter 8: Reattaching the Wired Tether. Chapter 9: Sky-High Wi-Fi. Part IV: Securing Your Information. Chapter 10: Taking Common–Sense Steps to Security. Chapter 11: Encrypting Data. Chapter 12: Accessing Your Home PC Remotely. Part V: Taking Care of Business. Chapter 13: Talking Cheap with VoIP. Chapter 14: Managing the Over-the-Road Office. Part VI: Entertaining Electronics. Chapter 15: Extra-Terrestrial Radio. Chapter 16: Taking the Show on the Road. Part VII: The Part of Tens. Chapter 17: Ten Must–Have Travel Accessories. Chapter 18: Ten Fantastic Free Applications. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to provide a practical approach for IT professionals to acquire the necessary knowledge and expertise in data modeling to function effectively. It begins with an overview of basic data modeling concepts, introduces the methods and techniques, provides a comprehensive case study to present the details of the data model components, covers the implementation of the data model with emphasis on quality components, and concludes with a presentation of a realistic approach to data modeling. It clearly describes how a generic data model is created to represent truly the enterprise information requirements.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. PART I: INTRODUCTION TO DATA MODELING. 1. Data Modeling: An Overview. Chapter Objectives. Data Model Defined. What is a Data Model? Why Data Modeling? Who Performs Data Modeling? Information Levels. Classification of Information Levels. Data Models at Information Levels. Conceptual Data Modeling. Data Model Components. Data Modeling Steps. Data Model Quality. Significance of Data Model Quality. Data Model Characteristics. Ensuring Data Model Quality. Data System Development. Data System Development Life Cycle (DDLC). Roles and Responsibilities. Modeling the Information Requirements. Applying Agile Modeling Principles. Data Modeling Approaches and Trends. Data Modeling Approaches. Modeling for Data Warehouse. Other Modeling Trends. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 2. Methods, Techniques, and Symbols. Chapter Objectives. Data Modeling Approaches. Semantic Modeling. Relational Modeling. Entity-Relationship Modeling. Binary Modeling. Methods and Techniques. Peter Chen (E-R) Modeling. Information Engineering. IDEF1X. Richard Barker’s. ORM (Object Role Modeling). XML (eXtensible Markup Language). Summary and Comments. Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data Modeling Using UML. UML in the Development Process. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. PART II. DATA MODELING FUNDAMENTALS. 3. Anatomy of a Data Model. Chapter Objectives. Data Model Composition. Models at Different Levels. Conceptual Model: Review Procedure. Conceptual Model: Identifying Components. Case Study. Description. E-R Model. UML Model. Creation of Models. User Views. View Integration. Entity Types. Specialization/Generalization. Relationships. Attributes. Identifiers. Review of the Model Diagram. Logical Model: Overview. Model Components. Transformation Steps. Relational Model. Physical Model: Overview. Model Components. Transformation Steps. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 4. Objects or Entities in Detail. Chapter Objectives. Entity Types or Object Sets. Comprehensive Definition. Identifying Entity Types. Homonyms and Synonyms. Category of Entity Types. Exploring Dependencies. Dependent or Weak Entity Types. Classifying Dependencies. Representation in the Model. Generalization and Specialization. Why Generalize or Specialize? Super-types and Sub-types. Generalization Hierarchy. Inheritance of Attributes. Inheritance of Relationships. Constraints. Rules Summarized. Special Cases and Exceptions. Recursive Structures. Conceptual and Physical. Assembly Structures. Entity Type Vs Attribute. Entity Type Vs Relationship. Modeling Time Dimension. Categorization. Entity Validation Checklist. Completeness. Correctness. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 5. Attributes and Identifiers in Detail. Chapter Objectives. Attributes. Properties or Characteristics. Attributes as Data. Attribute Values. Names and Descriptions. Attribute Domains. Definition of a Domain. Domain Information. Attribute Values and Domains. Split Domains. Misrepresented Domains. Resolution of Mixed Domains. Constraints for Attributes. Value Set. Range. Type. Null Values. Types of Attributes. Single-Valued and Multi-Valued Attributes. Simple and Composite Attributes. Attributes with Stored and Derived Values . Optional Attributes. Identifiers or Keys. Need for Identifiers. Definitions of Keys. Guidelines for Identifiers. Key in Generalization Hierarchy. Attribute Validation Checklist. Completeness. Correctness. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 6. Relationships in Detail. Chapter Objectives. Relationships. Associations. Relationship?Two-sided. Relationship Sets. Double Relationships. Relationship Attributes. Degree of Relationships. Unary Relationship. Binary Relationship. Ternary Relationship. Quaternary Relationship. Structural Constraints. Cardinality Constraint. Participation Constraint. Dependencies. Entity Existence. Relationship Types. Identifying Relationship . Non-identifying Relationship. Maximum and Minimum Cardinalities. Mandatory Conditions - Both Ends. Optional Condition - One End. Optional Condition - Other End. Optional Conditions - Both Ends. Special Cases. Gerund. Aggregation. Access Pathways. Design Issues. Relationship Or Entity Type? Ternary Relationship Or Aggregation? Binary Or N-ary Relationship? One-to-One Relationships. One-to-Many Relationships. Circular Structures. Redundant Relationships. Multiple Relationships. Relationship Validation Checklist. Completeness. Correctness. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. PART III. DATA MODEL IMPLEMENTATION. 7. Data Modeling to Database Design. Chapter Objectives. Relational Model: Fundamentals. Basic Concepts. Structure and Components. Data Integrity Constraints. Transition to Database Design. Design Approaches. Conceptual to Relational Model. Traditional Method. Evaluation of Design Methods. Model Transformation Method. The Approach. Mapping of Components. Entity Types to Relations. Attributes to Columns. Identifiers to Keys. Transformation of Relationships. Transformation Summary . Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 8. Data Normalization. Chapter Objectives. Informal Design. Forming Relations from Requirements. Potential Problems. Update Anomaly. Deletion Anomaly. Addition Anomaly. Normalization Methodology. Strengths of the Method. Application of the Method. Normalization Steps. Fundamental Normal Forms. First Normal Form. Second Normal Form. Third Normal Form. Boyce-Codd Normal Form. Higher Normal Forms. Fourth Normal Form. Fifth Normal Form. Domain-Key Normal Form. Normalization Summary. Review of the Steps. Normalization as Verification. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 9. Modeling for Decision-Support Systems. Chapter Objectives. Decision-Support Systems. Need for Strategic Information. History of Decision-Support Systems. Operational Vs Informational Systems. System Types and Modeling Methods. Data Warehouse. Data Warehouse Defined. Major Components. Data Warehousing Applications. Modeling: Special Requirements. Dimensional Modeling. Dimensional Modeling Basics. STAR Schema. Snowflake Schema. Families of STARS. Transition to Logical Model. OLAP Systems. Features and Functions of OLAP. Dimensional Analysis. Hypercubes. OLAP Implementation Approaches. Data Modeling for OLAP. Data Mining Systems. Basic Concepts. Data Mining Techniques. Data Preparation and Modeling. Data Preprocessing. Data Modeling. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. PART IV. PRACTICAL APPROACH TO DATA MODELING. 10. Ensuring Quality in the Data Model. Chapter Objectives. Significant of Quality. Why Emphasize Quality? Good and Bad Models. Approach to Good Modeling. Quality of Definitions. Importance of Definitions. Aspects of Quality Definitions. Correctness. Completeness. Clearness. Format. Checklists. High-Quality Data Model. Meaning of Data Model Quality. Quality Dimensions. What is a High-Quality Model? Benefits of High-Quality Models. Quality Assurance Process. Aspects of Quality Assurance. Stages of Quality Assurance Process. Data Model Review. Data Model Assessment. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 11. Agile Data Modeling in Practice. Chapter Objectives. The Agile Movement. How It Got Started. Principles of Agile Development. Philosophies. Generalizing Specialists. Agile Modeling. What is Agile Modeling? Basic Principles. Auxiliary Principles. Practicing Agile Modeling. Primary Practices. Additional Practices. Role of Agile DBA. Agile Documentation. Recognizing an Agile Model. Feasibility. Evolutionary Data Modeling. Traditional Approach. Need for Flexibility. Nature of Evolutionary Modeling. Benefits. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. 12. Data Modeling: Practical Tips. Chapter Objectives. Tips and Suggestions. Nature of Tips. How Specified. How to Use Them. Requirements Definition. Interviews. Group Sesssions. Geographically Dispersed Groups. Documentation. Change Management. Notes for Modeling. Stakeholder Participation. Organizing Participation. User Liaison. Continuous Interaction. Multiple Sites. Iterative Modeling. Establishing Cycles. Determining Increments. Requirements--Model Interface. Integration of Partial Models. Special Cases. Legal Entities. Locations and Places. Time Periods. Persons. Bill-of-Materials. Conceptual Model Layout. Readability and Usability. Component Arrangement. Adding Texts. Visual Highlights. Logical Data Model. Enhancement Motivation. Easier DB Implementation. Performance Improvement. Storage Management. Enhanced Representation. Chapter Summary. Review Questions. References. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisA tutorial on the most popular text processing system used in the academic community. It explains formatting fundamentals and the more complex techniques for typesetting mathematical formulas. The text is suitable for people with no previous LATEX experience.Trade Review"...The book is nicely presented, with a useful set of goals at the beginning of each chapter. A good and comprehensive start towards creating a new and important sub-discipline...", , , Times Higher Educational Supplement, 17th September 1999 #"Full review: It does not need me to tell you that we are currently experiencing an explosion of information in an ever increasing number of formats - CD ROM, the Web, online databases and archives come immediately to mind. Moreover this information is found increasingly in a wide variety of different formats - not only text, but still an moving images, sound files and data held in spreadsheets. Hypermedia and the Web is a book which takes on the challenge of considering how to develop hypermedia processes based on sound engineering principles. Interactive information is approached as a structure that requires management, quantification and documentation. The authors describe the goal of the book as one of being a resource that can be used to improve the development of hypermedia data, to engender an awareness that successful development of hypermedia data requires a disciplined approach, and to demonstrate the possible future of this particular field over the next five years. It is divided into three parts. T he first - Hypermedia development fundamentals - gives a definition of hypermedia, describes how it can be modelled and engineered, and discusses how to obtain a quality product and process. The second section covers the development process, methods and techniques. The final section is devoted to research developments, such as research projects, Matilda, Microcosm (an open media system), the Amsterdam Hypermedia Model and Relationship Management Methodology for example. The intended readership of Hypermedia and the Web is anyone involved in the development of hypermedia products, be they application developers, application analysts, Web developers, and content and information experts. Both theoretical concerns and practical issues are dealt with, so it will appeal to anyone with an interest in either aspect. The book is not, however for the faint of heart nor for those with just a passing interest in the subject. It goes into considerable detail and makes valuable use of graphics in order to provide clarity w hen the going gets tough. Having said that, the reader is still faced with a densely packed book full of theory and practical analysis and, although it is written in a friendly and approachable style, it's not exactly the type of book you'd want to read on the beach. This shouldn't be seen as a criticism, since that isn't an intention of the author of course. Nevertheless it is a book that requires considerable concentration in order to get the most out of it. On the other hand, once you can get involved in the book the authors carry you along at a fair pace and make few assumptions, explaining in detail as they go and bringing in examples as needed to illustrate particular points. Indeed, they point out that a technical background is not necessary. I have my doubts as to whether or not Hypermedia and the Web would appeal to the majority of information professionals in their day-to-day work. However, if you have an active interest in the development of hypermedia and really want to get to grips with the subje ct you could do no better than get a hold of a copy. Furthermore, it should be within easy reaching distance of anyone who is producing anything other than the very basic Web pages or databases, and really should be a must in the personal library of anyone seriously developing databases and Websites which combine a variety of types of information in different formats.", Phil Bradley, Internet Consultant, Trainer, Web Designer & Author, #Table of ContentsWhy Use It? Getting Started. Fancy Prose. List-Like Environments. Boxes and Tables. Making Bibliographies. Making Indexes Standard Document Classes. Basic Mathematical Formatting. More Mathematical Formatting. Introducing AMS-LATEX. Simple Diagrams Mathematical Symbols. Useful Notions. Glossary. When Things Go Wrong Differences. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisDemonstrates how we can tackle challenges, ranging from energy conservation to economic and social innovation, using the global network - not just the Web and the Internet, but also the private domains of thousands of companies, government agencies, and institutions, all connected through thousands of different types of devices.

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Book SynopsisAre you putting your best foot forward in meetings? Are you connecting with the right people at functions? Throughout your life, you will find yourself in situations where professional networking will help you get to where you want to go.Table of ContentsIntroduction. PART I: NETWORKING: WHAT IT IS, WHAT IT ISN"T, NAD WHAT IT CAN DO FOR YOU. Chapter q. Networking Defined. Chapter 2. Your Core Network. PART II: BUILDING AND MAINTAINING YOUR NETWORK. Chapter 3. Expanding Your Circle of Influence through Networking Events. Chapter 4. You Are the Source of Your Network. Chapter 5. Let's Talk: Networking Happends through Conversation. Chapter 6. Cultivating Your Network by Making Requests. Chapter 7. Listen Up! Chapter 8. Using Follow-Through to Maintain and Grow Your Network. PART II: USING YOUR NETWORK: NETWORKING OPPORTUNITIES. Chapter 9. Networking Your Way to the Perfect Job. Chapter 10. Networking in the Corporate World. Chapter 11. Networking for Entrepreneurs and Business Owners. Chapter 12. Networking Throughout Life. Chapter 13. Networking in a Charity or in Your Community. PART IV: NETWORKING CHALLENGES. Chapter 14. Personality and Style Differences. Chapter 15. The High-Tech Connection. Chapter 16. Networking Etiquette. PART V: THE PARTS OF TENS. Chapter 17. Ten Ways to Master the Art of Small Talk. Chapter 18. Ten Techniques for Effective Name Recall. Chapter 19. Ten Traits of the Masterful Networker. Chapter 20. Ten Networking Turnoffs and How to Avoid Them. Appendix: Create Your Own Networking Action Plan. Index. Book Registration Information.

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Book SynopsisViruses sneak in, usually through e-mail. Fortunately, there are ways to inoculate and protect your computer. This work helps you: understand the risks and analyze your PC's condition; select, install, and configure antivirus software; scan your computer and e-mail; rid your computer of viruses it's already caught; and more.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: Evaluating Your Virus Situation 9 Chapter 1: Understanding Virus Risks 11 Chapter 2: Does My Computer Have a Virus? 23 Chapter 3: Does Your Computer Have Antivirus Software? 33 Part II: Deploying Your Antivirus Defenses 49 Chapter 4: Obtaining and Installing Antivirus Software 51 Chapter 5: Configuring Antivirus Software 75 Chapter 6: Scanning Your Computer and E-Mail 87 Chapter 7: Ridding Your Computer of Viruses 99 Part III: Maintaining Your Vigilance 115 Chapter 8: Updating Antivirus Software and Signatures 117 Chapter 9: Installing Security Patches 127 Chapter 10: Using Firewalls and Spyware Blockers 153 Chapter 11: Protecting PDAs from Viruses 181 Chapter 12: Incorporating Safe Computing Practices 189 Part IV: Looking at Viruses under the Microscope 207 Chapter 13: Viruses and the Losers Who Write Them 209 Chapter 14: Trojan Horses, Worms, Spam, and Hoaxes 221 Chapter 15: How Viruses Function and Propagate 235 Part V: The Part of Tens 247 Chapter 16: Almost Ten Myths about Computer Viruses 249 Chapter 17: Ten Antivirus Programs 255 Index 265

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Book SynopsisToday's uber viruses, worms, and trojans may seem more damaging than ever, but the attacking malware and malicious hackers are using the same tricks they always have. With this book, Microsoft MVP Roger Grimes exposes the real threat to Windows computers and offers practical guidance to secure those systems.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Introduction. Part I: The Basics in Depth. Chapter 1: Windows Attacks. Chapter 2: Conventional and Unconventional Defenses. Chapter 3: NTFS Permissions 101. Part II: OS Hardening. Chapter 4: Preventing Password Crackers. Chapter 5: Protecting High-Risk Files. Chapter 6: Protecting High-Risk Registry Entries. Chapter 7: Tightening Services. Chapter 8: Using IPSec. Part III: Application Security. Chapter 9: Stopping Unauthorized Execution. Chapter 10: Securing Internet Explorer. Chapter 11: Protecting E-mail. Chapter 12: IIS Security. Chapter 13: Using Encrypting File System. Part IV: Automating Security. Chapter 14: Group Policy Explained. Chapter 15: Designing a Secure Active Directory Infrastructure. Book Summary. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn view of the extensive development of CCS 7 and fast-paced growth of ISDN in telecommunication networks throughout the world, this valuable resource serves as a timely reference and guide. Practical and up-to-date, Engineering Networks for Synchronization, CCS 7, and ISDN provides in-depth instruction on three important and closely related elements of the modern digital network: network synchronization, CCITT Common Channel Signaling System No. 7 (CCS 7), and Narrowband ISDN.Table of ContentsSeries Editor's Note. Foreword. Preface. Introduction. Digital Network Synchronization: Basic Concepts. Planning, Testing, and Monitoring Network Synchronization. CCS 7: General Description. Introduction to ISDN. Functions of the CCS 7 Signaling Link Level. Signaling Network Functions in CCS 7. ISDN: Services and Protocols. CCS 7 ISDN User Part. CCS 7 Planning and Implementation. Testing in CCS 7. Packet and Frame Mode Services in the ISDN. Planning and Implementation the ISDN. Testing in the ISDN. Timing in SONET and SDH. Appendix 1: Ordering Information. Appendix 2: List of ISUP Messages. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisAnyone with a serious interest in the future of education will find this book provocative, prescient, prescriptive, and pivotal. It is a must--read for those responsible for preparing educational institutions at all levels for their new role in our networked society. ----Vinton G.Trade Review"Anyone with a serious interest in the future of education will find this book provocative, prescient, prescriptive, and pivotal. It is a must-read for those responsible for preparing educational institutions at all levels for their new role in our networked society." (Vinton G. Cerf, senior vice president, MCI WORLDCOM, and chairman, Internet Society) "Transformative. That's what networks are; that's the role our institutions must fill for society; and that's what our leadership must be. This book provides valuable insight into networks and the challenges we must address to ensure that higher education thrives in the Knowledge Age." (Molly Corbett Broad, president, University of North Carolina) "The networks of today and tomorrow are not merely collections of wired computers; they are engines of transformation that will affect virtually every aspect of life in the academy. This book will prove essential to presidents and other campus leaders who must plan for, and invest in, the networking infrastructures that will powerfully impact the futures of our institutions." (John Hitt, president, University of Central Florida) "Libraries, classrooms, and pedagogy are already on the short list of targets transformed by networking technologies. All of educational practice will eventually contribute to the creative and fast-paced links that we know through the Internet. The thoughtful essays in this volume can, indeed, help us prepare for that future." (Jane Margaret "Maggie" O'Brien, president, St. Mary's College of Maryland)Table of ContentsAdvanced Networking in Higher Education's Future (M. Luker). Instructional Roles for Advanced Networks (C. Barone & M. Luker). Libraries of the Future (R. Lucier). Inventing the Advanced Internet (D. Van Houweling). Preparing the Campus for Tomorrow's Network (P. Long). Working with Neighboring Campuses (R. Hutchins). National Policy to Broaden Participation in Advanced Networking (G. Strawn & D. Staudt). How to Do More with Less (E. Chaffee). Developing a Campus Vision and Leading the Way to Change (M. Luker).

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Book SynopsisThis essential guide covers all aspects of Linux system administration, from user maintenance, backups, filesystem housekeeping, storage management, and network setup to hardware and software troubleshooting and some application management.

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Book SynopsisWindows security concepts and technologies for IT beginners IT security can be a complex topic, especially for those new to the field of IT.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Chapter 1 Understanding Core Security Principles. Chapter 2 Understanding Malware and Social Engineering. Chapter 3 Understanding User Authentication. Chapter 4 Securing Access with Permissions. Chapter 5 Using Audit Policies and Network Auditing. Chapter 6 Protecting Clients and Servers. Chapter 7 Protecting a Network. Chapter 8 Understanding Wireless Security. Chapter 9 Understanding Physical Security. Chapter 10 Enforcing Confidentiality with Encryption. Chapter 11 Understanding Certificates and a PKI. Chapter 12 Understanding Internet Explorer Security. Appendix A Answers to Review Questions. Appendix B Microsoft's Certification Program. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe core concepts and technologies of Windows networking Networking can be a complex topic, especially for those new to the field of IT.Table of ContentsIntroduction xix Chapter 1 Introduction to Networking 1 Comparing Logical and Physical Networks 1 Networking Home Computers 2 Networking Small Offices and Home Offices 4 Understanding Local Area Networks 6 Comparing Workgroups and Domains 7 Exploring the Benefits of Domains and Domain Controllers 9 Networking Large Offices 10 Networking Enterprises 12 Understanding Wide Area Networks 12 Understanding Branch Offices 13 Accessing Networks Remotely 14 Understanding Standards Organizations 15 Understanding the Internet Engineering Task Force 16 Understanding the World Wide Web Consortium 17 Understanding the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 18 Understanding the International Telecommunication Union 18 The Essentials and Beyond 18 Chapter 2 Overview of Networking Components 21 Comparing Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Traffic 21 Understanding Unicast Traffic 22 Understanding Broadcast Traffic 23 Understanding Multicast Traffic 25 Understanding Network Hardware 26 Understanding Hubs 27 Understanding Switches 28 Understanding Bridges 29 Understanding Routers 30 Understanding Firewalls 32 Understanding Media 34 Exploring Protocols and Services 36 Exploring Protocols 36 Understanding Services 37 Understanding Basic Topologies 38 The Essentials and Beyond 39 Chapter 3 Understanding the OSI Model 41 Understanding the OSI Model 41 Application Layer 43 Presentation Layer 44 Session Layer 45 Transport Layer 46 Network Layer 48 Data Link Layer 49 Physical Layer 52 Putting It Together 52 Packets and Frames 53 Understanding the TCP/IP Model 55 Mapping Devices on the OSI and TCP Models 56 Physical Layer 58 Data Link Layer 59 Network Layer 59 Application Layer 60 Mapping Protocols on the OSI and TCP/IP Models 60 The Essentials and Beyond 61 Chapter 4 Core TCP/IP Protocols 63 Understanding TCP and UDP 63 Exploring TCP 64 Exploring UDP 66 Exploring Common Protocols 67 Address Resolution Protocol 67 Hypertext Transfer Protocol 68 File Transfer Protocol 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol 71 Telnet 71 Remote Desktop Services 71 Secure Sockets Layer 72 Transport Layer Security 72 Secure Shell 73 Internet Protocol Security 74 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 74 Post Office Protocol v3 75 Internet Message Access Protocol 75 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 76 Kerberos 77 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 77 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol 77 Simple Network Management Protocol 78 Internet Group Multicast Protocol 78 Internet Control Message Protocol 78 Understanding Ports 79 Controlling Port Traffic with a Firewall 81 Mapping Internally Used Ports and Protocols 81 The Essentials and Beyond 83 Chapter 5 Exploring IPv4 85 Exploring the Components of an IPv4 Address 85 Ascertaining the Network ID and Host ID of an IP Address 86 Identifying the Default Gateway 90 Determining Local and Remote Addresses 91 Understanding Classful IP Addresses 92 Identifying Reserved IP Address Ranges 94 Exploring an IPv4 Address in Binary 95 Understanding the Bits of an IP Address 95 Understanding CIDR Notation 98 Masking the IP Address 98 Using Classless IP Addresses 100 Subnetting IPv4 Addresses 100 Determining the Number of Subnet Bits 101 Determining the Number of Hosts in a Network 103 Identifying Local and Remote Addresses 105 Applying Subnetting Knowledge 107 Comparing Manual and Automatic Assignment of IPv4 Addresses 110 Manually Configuring IPv4 110 Using DHCP 110 Understanding APIPA 112 The Essentials and Beyond 113 Chapter 6 Exploring IPv6 117 Exploring IPv6 Addresses 117 Comparing IPv4 Classes and IPv6 Prefixes 118 Understanding Hexadecimal 119 Displaying IPv6 Addresses 120 Comparing IPv6 Transmission Types 121 Understanding the Need for IPv6 122 Understanding Neighbor Discovery 122 Exploring the Components of an IPv6 Address 123 Understanding Global Unicast Addresses 124 Understanding Link-Local Addresses 125 Understanding Unique Local Addresses 126 Understanding the Dual IP Stack 127 Using IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses 127 Understanding IPv4 to IPv6 Tunneling Protocols 128 Comparing Manual and Automatic Assignment of IPv6 129 Manually Configuring IPv6 129 Using DHCPv6 130 The Essentials and Beyond 131 Chapter 7 Connecting Computers to a Network 133 Identifying Potential Problems with Connectivity 133 Understanding EMI 134 Understanding RFI 134 Avoiding Power Spikes 134 Avoiding Interception 137 Preventing Fire Hazards 142 Understanding Cross Talk 142 Exploring Cable Types and Their Characteristics 144 Understanding Twisted Pair 144 Comparing Unshielded and Shielded Twisted Pair 146 Comparing Straight-Through and Crossover Cables 146 Understanding Fiber Optic 147 Understanding Wireless 149 The Essentials and Beyond 150 Chapter 8 Networking Computers with Switches 153 Connecting Multiple Computers 153 Understanding Physical Ports 156 Identifying the Number and Type of Ports 156 Identifying Ports in Drawings 157 Comparing Hubs and Switches 158 Understanding Collision Domains 159 Identifying a Collision Domain with a Hub 159 Identifying Collision Domains with a Switch 160 Mapping Ports to MAC Addresses 161 Comparing Managed and Unmanaged Switches 162 Understanding Unmanaged Switches 163 Understanding Managed Switches 163 Comparing Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switches 164 Using a Managed Switch to Create a VLAN 164 Exploring Switch Speeds 167 Identifying Transmission Speeds 168 Understanding the Uplink Port 169 Identifying Backplane Speed 170 Understanding Security Options 170 Understanding Port Security 171 Planning Hardware Redundancy 171 The Essentials and Beyond 172 Chapter 9 Connecting Networks with Routers 175 Connecting Multiple Networks 175 Comparing Hardware Routers and Software Routers 177 Understanding Default Routes 177 Understanding Directly Connected Routes 179 Routing Traffic on a Network 180 Creating Static Routes 180 Configuring Dynamic Routing 182 Understanding the Routing Table185 Identifying Transmission Speeds 187 Routing Software in Windows Server 2008 188 Adding Routing Services to Windows Server 2008 188 Configuring a Router on Windows Server 2008 190 Understanding Other Routing Protocols 192 Using a DHCP Relay Agent 193 Using an IGMP Router and Proxy 194 Using NAT 195 The Essentials and Beyond 195 Chapter 10 Resolving Names to IP Addresses 197 Exploring Types of Names Used in Networks 197 Understanding Host Names 199 Understanding NetBIOS Names 199 Creating NetBIOS Names from Host Names 202 Viewing and Modifying a Computer Name 203 Exploring Types of Name Resolution 204 Understanding Domain Naming Service 205 Viewing the Host Cache 210 Viewing the Hosts File 211 Understanding WINS 212 Viewing the NetBIOS Cache 213 Understanding the Lmhosts File 214 Understanding Broadcast Name Resolution 214 Understanding Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution 214 Identifying the Steps in Name Resolution 215 Identifying Steps in Host Name Resolution 215 Identifying Steps in NetBIOS Name Resolution 216 The Essentials and Beyond 217 Chapter 11 Understanding Network Security Zones 219 Understanding Risks on the Internet 219 Exploring an Intranet 221 Understanding Network Address Translation 222 Understanding Proxy Servers 224 Understanding Firewalls 227 Exploring the Windows Server 2008 Firewall 229 Identifying a Perimeter Network 232 Understanding a Reverse Proxy Server 233 Understanding Guest Networks 234 Understanding Extranets 235 The Essentials and Beyond 236 Chapter 12 Understanding Wireless Networking 239 Exploring Basic Wireless Components 239 Using Wireless Access Points 240 Naming the Wireless Network 241 Comparing CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA 243 Comparing Networking Standards and Characteristics 243 Comparing FHSS, DSSS, and OFDM 244 IEEE 802 11 245 IEEE 802 11a 246 IEEE 802 11b 247 IEEE 802 11g 247 IEEE 802 11n 248 Comparing Network Security Methods 248 Wired Equivalent Privacy 249 Wi-Fi Protected Access 251 WPA2 252 Using an IEEE 802 1x Authentication Server 253 Using Wireless Networks 254 Home Wireless Networks 255 Wireless Networks in a Business 258 Understanding Point-to-Point Wireless 259 The Essentials and Beyond 261 Chapter 13 Understanding Internet Access Methods and Wide Area Networks 263 Comparing Connectivity Methods Used in Homes and SOHOs 263 Using a Dial-up Connection 264 Connecting with DSL 265 Employing Broadband Cable 266 Connecting via Satellite 267 Comparing Connectivity Methods in Enterprises 269 Exploring Digital Signal Lines 271 Using ISDN 271 Using T1/T3 Lines and E1/E3 Lines 272 Ethernet WAN 273 Exploring Remote Access Services 273 Connecting to RAS via Dial-up 274 Connecting to RAS via a VPN 276 Comparing Client VPNs with Gateway VPNs 278 Adding Remote Access Services to Windows Server 2008 278 Using RADIUS 279 The Essentials and Beyond 280 Chapter 14 Troubleshooting TCP/IP 283 Using the Command Prompt 283 Getting Help at the Command Prompt 284 Using Switches 285 Understanding Case Sensitivity 285 Checking the TCP/IP Configuration with ipconfig 287 Troubleshooting Connectivity with ping 291 Identifying Routers with tracert 295 Verifying the Routed Path with pathping 297 Viewing TCP/IP Statistics with netstat 299 Installing Telnet 304 The Essentials and Beyond 306 Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 309 Chapter 1 309 Chapter 2 310 Chapter 3 310 Chapter 4 311 Chapter 5 312 Chapter 6 312 Chapter 7 313 Chapter 8 314 Chapter 9 314 Chapter 10 315 Chapter 11 316 Chapter 12 316 Chapter 13 317 Chapter 14 317 Appendix B Microsoft’s Certification Program 319 Certification Objectives Map 320 Index 325

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Book SynopsisWhile geographic redundancy can obviously be a huge benefit for disaster recovery, it is far less obvious what benefit is feasible and likely for more typical non-catastrophic hardware, software, and human failures. Georedundancy and Service Availability provides both a theoretical and practical treatment of the feasible and likely benefits of geographic redundancy for both service availability and service reliability. The text provides network/system planners, IS/IT operations folks, system architects, system engineers, developers, testers, and other industry practitioners with a general discussion about the capital expense/operating expense tradeoff that frames system redundancy and georedundancy.Table of ContentsFigures xv Tables xix Equations xxi Preface and Acknowledgments xxiii Audience xxiv Organization xxiv Acknowledgments xxvi PART 1 BASICS 1 1 SERVICE, RISK, AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY 3 1.1 Service Criticality and Availability Expectations 3 1.2 The Eight-Ingredient Model 4 1.3 Catastrophic Failures and Geographic Redundancy 7 1.4 Geographically Separated Recovery Site 11 1.5 Managing Risk 12 1.6 Business Continuity Planning 14 1.7 Disaster Recovery Planning 15 1.8 Human Factors 17 1.9 Recovery Objectives 17 1.10 Disaster Recovery Strategies 18 2 SERVICE AVAILABILITY AND SERVICE RELIABILITY 20 2.1 Availability and Reliability 20 2.2 Measuring Service Availability 25 2.3 Measuring Service Reliability 33 PART 2 MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF REDUNDANCY 35 3 UNDERSTANDING REDUNDANCY 37 3.1 Types of Redundancy 37 3.2 Modeling Availability of Internal Redundancy 44 3.3 Evaluating High-Availability Mechanisms 52 4 OVERVIEW OF EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY 59 4.1 Generic External Redundancy Model 59 4.2 Technical Distinctions between Georedundancy and Co-Located Redundancy 74 4.3 Manual Graceful Switchover and Switchback 75 5 EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY STRATEGY OPTIONS 77 5.1 Redundancy Strategies 77 5.2 Data Recovery Strategies 79 5.3 External Recovery Strategies 80 5.4 Manually Controlled Recovery 81 5.5 System-Driven Recovery 83 5.6 Client-Initiated Recovery 85 6 MODELING SERVICE AVAILABILITY WITH EXTERNAL SYSTEM REDUNDANCY 98 6.1 The Simplistic Answer 98 6.2 Framing Service Availability of Standalone Systems 99 6.3 Generic Markov Availability Model of Georedundant Recovery 103 6.4 Solving the Generic Georedundancy Model 115 6.5 Practical Modeling of Georedundancy 121 6.6 Estimating Availability Benefit for Planned Activities 130 6.7 Estimating Availability Benefit for Disasters 131 7 UNDERSTANDING RECOVERY TIMING PARAMETERS 133 7.1 Detecting Implicit Failures 134 7.2 Understanding and Optimizing RTO 141 8 CASE STUDY OF CLIENT-INITIATED RECOVERY 147 8.1 Overview of DNS 147 8.2 Mapping DNS onto Practical Client-Initiated Recovery Model 148 8.3 Estimating Input Parameters 154 8.4 Predicted Results 165 8.5 Discussion of Predicted Results 172 9 SOLUTION AND CLUSTER RECOVERY 174 9.1 Understanding Solutions 174 9.2 Estimating Solution Availability 177 9.3 Cluster versus Element Recovery 179 9.4 Element Failure and Cluster Recovery Case Study 182 9.5 Comparing Element and Cluster Recovery 186 9.6 Modeling Cluster Recovery 187 PART 3 RECOMMENDATIONS 201 10 GEOREDUNDANCY STRATEGY 203 10.1 Why Support Multiple Sites? 203 10.2 Recovery Realms 204 10.3 Recovery Strategies 206 10.4 Limp-Along Architectures 207 10.5 Site Redundancy Options 208 10.6 Virtualization, Cloud Computing, and Standby Sites 216 10.7 Recommended Design Methodology 217 11 MAXIMIZING SERVICE AVAILABILITY VIA GEOREDUNDANCY 219 11.1 Theoretically Optimal External Redundancy 219 11.2 Practically Optimal Recovery Strategies 220 11.3 Other Considerations 228 12 GEOREDUNDANCY REQUIREMENTS 230 12.1 Internal Redundancy Requirements 230 12.2 External Redundancy Requirements 233 12.3 Manually Controlled Redundancy Requirements 235 12.4 Automatic External Recovery Requirements 237 12.5 Operational Requirements 242 13 GEOREDUNDANCY TESTING 243 13.1 Georedundancy Testing Strategy 243 13.2 Test Cases for External Redundancy 246 13.3 Verifying Georedundancy Requirements 247 13.4 Summary 254 14 SOLUTION GEOREDUNDANCY CASE STUDY 256 14.1 The Hypothetical Solution 256 14.2 Standalone Solution Analysis 259 14.3 Georedundant Solution Analysis 263 14.4 Availability of the Georedundant Solution 269 14.5 Requirements of Hypothetical Solution 269 14.6 Testing of Hypothetical Solution 277 Summary 285 Appendix: Markov Modeling of Service Availability 292 Acronyms 296 References 298 About the Authors 300 Index 302

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Book SynopsisPraise for ON TOP OF THE CLOUD 21st-century CIOs have a dual responsibility: driving down costs and creating new business value. Managing this seeming dichotomy is the domain of top business executives everywhere, and CIOs everywhere are learning to step it up. The original research contained in Hunter''s book serves as a practical road map for IT strategy in today''s ultra-competitive markets.Randy Spratt, EVP, CIO, and CTO, McKesson Corporation This is a thoughtfully written book, and the timing is perfect. Hunter really understands the challenges confronting transformational CIOs in today''s markets, and he captures the choices they face as they work to create value for their organizations while driving down the costs of doing business in the modern world. The wealth of information contained in this book makes it truly valuable to career IT leaders and future CIOs alike.Mark Polansky, Senior Client Partner and Managing DirectoTrade Review"In his book, On Top of the Cloud Muller interviewed top CIOs about the challenges and opportunities of cloud technology, and how they've learned to lead their companies into a cloud-driven future. These transformational CIOs, as Hunter refers to them, are technology leaders, not followers. They function as champions of innovation and continuous improvement, a role that often requires them to be more like a CEO than CIO." (Monster.com, April 2012)Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xxiii Introduction xxv A New Business Model xxvii ‘‘Thoughtfully Progressive’’ xxviii Part I: Transformational Leadership 1 Chapter 1 The Rising Tide 3 The CIO as Rock Star 6 Real Stories from Real IT Leaders 7 Learning from Listening 8 More Than Technology 9 The Real Challenge Is Organizational 9 Leadership Is Essential 12 Chapter 2 IT Does Matter 17 Stay Focused on Delivering Value 20 Replacing the Perpetual Pendulum 22 Driving the Innovation Agenda 24 It’s All a Question of Perspective 28 Chapter 3 The Engine of Innovation 31 Bringing Innovation to the Surface 36 Incentivizing Innovation 39 Chapter 4 Finding the Right Balance 45 Winds of Change 49 The Third Bucket 51 The Closer 53 Outside versus Inside 55 Articulating the Value of Technology 57 Chapter 5 The Customer-Focused CIO 61 Top Line or Bottom Line? 65 Driving Business Growth 66 The Rapid Enabler 68 Own, Rent, or Both? 72 Multiple Models 75 Also Consider the User Experience 76 Chapter 6 To Cloud or Not to Cloud 79 Fail Fast, Fail Cheap 83 A Skunk Works in the Cloud 85 Weaving the Seamless Tapestry 87 Part II: Driving Change 91 Chapter 7 In Front of the Firewall 93 Avon Calling 100 When the Model Fits 103 Chapter 8 The New Speed of Change 107 Updating the Mental Model 115 Innovation under Pressure 119 The Cloud on Wheels 121 Campaigning in the Cloud 122 Part III: Building Value 127 Chapter 9 Pushing the Envelope 129 Two Sides of the Same Coin 138 A Multiplicity of Clouds 142 Turn of the Tide 146 Translating ‘‘Speeds and Feeds’’ into Cash Flow 152 Chapter 10 Entering the Cloud 155 Governance Is Fundamental to Success 161 Due Diligence 163 Taking ‘‘No’’ Off the Table 173 Afterword 179 Meet Our Sources 189 Recommended Reading 221 About the Author 225 About HMG Strategy LLC 227 Index 229

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Book SynopsisThe new edition of a bestseller, now revised and update throughout! This new edition of the unparalleled bestseller serves as a full training course all in one and as the world''s largest data storage company, EMC is the ideal author for such a critical resource. They cover the components of a storage system and the different storage system models while also offering essential new material that explores the advances in existing technologies and the emergence of the Cloud as well as updates and vital information on new technologies. Features a separate section on emerging area of cloud computing Covers new technologies such as: data de-duplication, unified storage, continuous data protection technology, virtual provisioning, FCoE, flash drives, storage tiering, big data, and more Details storage models such as Network Attached Storage (NAS), Storage Area Network (SAN), Object Based Storage along with virtualization at various infrastructure compTable of ContentsForeword xxvii Introduction xxix Section I Storage System 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Storage 3 1.1 Information Storage 4 1.2 Evolution of Storage Architecture 9 1.3 Data Center Infrastructure 11 1.4 Virtualization and Cloud Computing 14 Chapter 2 Data Center Environment 17 2.1 Application 18 2.2 Database Management System (DBMS) 18 2.3 Host (Compute) 19 2.4 Connectivity 27 2.5 Storage 29 2.6 Disk Drive Components 31 2.7 Disk Drive Performance 36 2.8 Host Access to Data 40 2.9 Direct-Attached Storage 41 2.10 Storage Design Based on Application Requirements and Disk Performance 43 2.11 Disk Native Command Queuing 45 2.12 Introduction to Flash Drives 46 2.13 Concept in Practice: VMware ESXi 48 Chapter 3 Data Protection: RAID 51 3.1 RAID Implementation Methods 52 3.2 RAID Array Components 53 3.3 RAID Techniques 53 3.4 RAID Levels 57 3.5 RAID Impact on Disk Performance 64 3.6 RAID Comparison 66 3.7 Hot Spares 68 Chapter 4 Intelligent Storage Systems 71 4.1 Components of an Intelligent Storage System 72 4.2 Storage Provisioning 79 4.3 Types of Intelligent Storage Systems 85 4.4 Concepts in Practice: EMC Symmetrix and VNX 87 Section II Storage Networking Technologies 93 Chapter 5 Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks 95 5.1 Fibre Channel: Overview 96 5.2 The SAN and Its Evolution 97 5.3 Components of FC SAN 98 5.4 FC Connectivity 102 5.5 Switched Fabric Ports 106 5.6 Fibre Channel Architecture 106 5.7 Fabric Services 113 5.8 Switched Fabric Login Types 114 5.9 Zoning 115 5.10 FC SAN Topologies 118 5.11 Virtualization in SAN 122 5.12 Concepts in Practice: EMC Connectrix and EMC VPLEX 125 Chapter 6 IP SAN and FCoE 131 6.2 FCIP 142 6.3 FCoE 145 Chapter 7 Network-Attached Storage 157 7.1 General-Purpose Servers versus NAS Devices 158 7.2 Benefi ts of NAS 159 7.3 File Systems and Network File Sharing 160 7.4 Components of NAS 162 7.5 NAS I/O Operation 163 7.6 NAS Implementations 163 7.7 NAS File-Sharing Protocols 168 7.8 Factors Affecting NAS Performance 171 7.9 File-Level Virtualization 174 7.10 Concepts in Practice: EMC Isilon and EMC VNX Gateway 175 Chapter 8 Object-Based and Unified Storage 179 8.1 Object-Based Storage Devices 180 8.2 Content-Addressed Storage 187 8.3 CAS Use Cases 188 8.4 Unifi ed Storage 190 8.5 Concepts in Practice: EMC Atmos, EMC VNX, and EMC Centera 192 Section III Backup, Archive, and Replication 199 Chapter 9 Introduction to Business Continuity 201 9.1 Information Availability 202 9.2 BC Terminology 205 9.3 BC Planning Life Cycle 207 9.4 Failure Analysis 210 9.5 Business Impact Analysis 213 9.6 BC Technology Solutions 213 9.7 Concept in Practice: EMC PowerPath 214 Chapter 10 Backup and Archive 225 10.1 Backup Purpose 226 10.2 Backup Considerations 227 10.3 Backup Granularity 228 10.4 Recovery Considerations 231 10.5 Backup Methods 231 10.6 Backup Architecture 233 10.7 Backup and Restore Operations 234 10.8 Backup Topologies 236 10.9 Backup in NAS Environments 239 10.10 Backup Targets 242 10.11 Data Deduplication for Backup 249 10.12 Backup in Virtualized Environments 252 10.13 Data Archive 254 10.14 Archiving Solution Architecture 255 10.15 Concepts in Practice: EMC NetWorker, EMC Avamar, and EMC Data Domain 257 Chapter 11 Local Replication 263 11.1 Replication Terminology 264 11.2 Uses of Local Replicas 264 11.3 Replica Consistency 265 11.4 Local Replication Technologies 269 11.5 Tracking Changes to Source and Replica 281 11.6 Restore and Restart Considerations 282 11.7 Creating Multiple Replicas 283 11.8 Local Replication in a Virtualized Environment 284 11.9 Concepts in Practice: EMC TimeFinder, EMC SnapView, and EMC RecoverPoint 285 Chapter 12 Remote Replication 289 12.1 Modes of Remote Replication 289 12.2 Remote Replication Technologies 292 12.3 Three-Site Replication 300 12.4 Data Migration Solutions 304 12.5 Remote Replication and Migration in a Virtualized Environment 306 12.6 Concepts in Practice: EMC SRDF, EMC MirrorView, and EMC RecoverPoint 307 Section IV Cloud Computing 311 Chapter 13 Cloud Computing 313 13.1 Cloud Enabling Technologies 314 13.2 Characteristics of Cloud Computing 314 13.3 Benefi ts of Cloud Computing 316 13.4 Cloud Service Models 316 13.5 Cloud Deployment Models 318 13.6 Cloud Computing Infrastructure 322 13.7 Cloud Challenges 326 13.8 Cloud Adoption Considerations 327 13.9 Concepts in Practice: Vblock 329 Section V Securing and Managing Storage Infrastructure 331 Chapter 14 Securing the Storage Infrastructure 333 14.1 Information Security Framework 334 14.2 Risk Triad 334 14.3 Storage Security Domains 338 14.4 Security Implementations in Storage Networking 346 14.5 Securing Storage Infrastructure in Virtualized and Cloud Environments 358 14.6 Concepts in Practice: RSA and VMware Security Products 361 Chapter 15 Managing the Storage Infrastructure 365 15.1 Monitoring the Storage Infrastructure 366 15.2 Storage Infrastructure Management Activities 376 15.3 Storage Infrastructure Management Challenges 384 15.4 Developing an Ideal Solution 384 15.5 Information Lifecycle Management 386 15.6 Storage Tiering 388 15.7 Concepts in Practice: EMC Infrastructure Management Tools 391 Appendix A Application I/O Characteristics 395 Appendix B Parallel SCSI 399 Appendix C SAN Design Exercises 405 Appendix D Information Availability Exercises 409 Appendix E Network Technologies for Remote Replication 411 Appendix F Acronyms and Abbreviations 413 Glossary 427 Index 465

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