Combinatorics and graph theory Books

Book SynopsisThis book provides a complete introduction into spatial networks. It offers the mathematical tools needed to characterize these structures and how they evolve in time and presents the most important models of spatial networks.The book puts a special emphasis on analyzing complex systems which are organized under the form of networks where nodes and edges are embedded in space. In these networks, space is relevant, and topology alone does not contain all the information. Characterizing and understanding the structure and the evolution of spatial networks is thus crucial for many different fields, ranging from urbanism to epidemiology.This subject is therefore at the crossroad of many fields and is of potential interest to a broad audience comprising physicists, mathematicians, engineers, geographers or urbanists. In this book, the author has expanded his previous book ("Morphogenesis of Spatial Networks") to serve as a textbook and reference on this topic for a wide range of students and professional researchers.Trade Review“This book, written by a statistical physicist, has the style of a survey rather than a mathematics textbook. It outlines numerous results (around 500 papers are cited) via descriptions of statistics and models and back-of-envelope calculations and simulation results together with real-world data examples. It is fairly technically undemanding, meaning mostly accessible to an advanced undergraduate mathematics student. … This book succeeds admirably in its stated ‘complete Introduction’ goal … .” (David J. Aldous, Mathematical Reviews, October, 2022)Table of Contents0. IntroductionI. Characterization 1. Planar graphs 2. Simple measures 3. Betweenness centrality 4. Simplicity and Entropy 5. The shape of shortest paths 6. Spatial dominance 7. Typology of spatial networks 8. Time evolution of spatial networksII. Models 1. Spatial random graphs 2. Tesselations of the plane 3. Random geometric graphs 4. beta-skeletons 5. Loops and branches 6. Optimal networks 7. Growing networks 8. Greedy models 9. Transitions in spatial networks 10. Multilayer networksIII. Discussion and perspectives

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Book SynopsisThis proceedings volume gathers selected, revised papers presented at the 51st Southeastern International Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Computing (SEICCGTC 2020), held at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, USA, on March 9-13, 2020. The SEICCGTC is broadly considered to be a trendsetter for other conferences around the world – many of the ideas and themes first discussed at it have subsequently been explored at other conferences and symposia.The conference has been held annually since 1970, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Boca Raton, Florida. Over the years, it has grown to become the major annual conference in its fields, and plays a major role in disseminating results and in fostering collaborative work.This volume is intended for the community of pure and applied mathematicians, in academia, industry and government, working in combinatorics and graph theory, as well as related areas of computer science and the interactions among these fields.Table of ContentsRatio Balancing Numbers(Bartz et al).- An Unexpected Digit Permutation from Multiplying in any Number Base(Qu et al).- A & Z Sequences for Double Riordan Arrays (Branch et al).- Constructing Clifford Algebras for Windmill and Dutch Windmill Graphs; A New Proof of The Friendship Theorem(Myers).- Finding Exact Values of a Character Sum (Peart et al).- On Minimum Index Stanton 4-cycle Designs (Bunge et al).- k-Plane Matroids and Whiteley’s Flattening Conjectures (Servatius et al).- Bounding the edge cover of a hypergraph (Shahrokhi).- A Generalization on Neighborhood Representatives (Holliday).- Harmonious Labelings of Disconnected Graphs involving Cycles and Multiple Components Consisting of Starlike Trees(Abueida et al).- On Rainbow Mean Colorings of Trees (Hallas et al).- Examples of Edge Critical Graphs in Peg Solitaire (Beeler et al).- Regular Tournaments with Minimum Split Domination Number and Cycle Extendability (Factor et al).- Independence and Domination of Chess Pieces on Triangular Boards and on the Surface of a Tetrahedron(Munger et al).- Efficient and Non-efficient Domination of Z-stacked Archimedean Lattices (Paskowitz et al).- On subdivision graphs which are 2-steps Hamiltonian graphs and hereditary non 2-steps Hamiltonian graphs (Lee et al).- On the Erd}os-S_os Conjecture for graphs with circumference at most k + 1 (Heissan et al).- Regular graph and some vertex-deleted subgraph (Egawa et al).- Connectivity and Extendability in Digraphs (Beasle).-On the extraconnectivity of arrangement graphs (Cheng et al).- k-Paths of k-Trees(Bickle).-Rearrangement of the Simple Random Walk(Skyers et al).- On the Energy of Transposition Graphs(DeDeo).- A Smaller Upper Bound for the (4; 82) Lattice Site Percolation Threshold(Wierman).

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Book SynopsisThese Lecture Notes provide an introduction to the study of those discrete surfaces which are obtained by randomly gluing polygons along their sides in a plane. The focus is on the geometry of such random planar maps (diameter, volume growth, scaling and local limits...) as well as the behavior of statistical mechanics models on them (percolation, simple random walks, self-avoiding random walks...).A “Markovian” approach is adopted to explore these random discrete surfaces, which is then related to the analogous one-dimensional random walk processes. This technique, known as "peeling exploration" in the literature, can be seen as a generalization of the well-known coding processes for random trees (e.g. breadth first or depth first search). It is revealed that different types of Markovian explorations can yield different types of information about a surface. Based on an École d'Été de Probabilités de Saint-Flour course delivered by the author in 2019, the book is aimed at PhD students and researchers interested in graph theory, combinatorial probability and geometry. Featuring open problems and a wealth of interesting figures, it is the first book to be published on the theory of random planar maps.Table of Contents- Part I (Planar) Maps. - 1. Discrete Random Surfaces in High Genus. - 2. Why Are Planar Maps Exceptional?. - 3. The Miraculous Enumeration of Bipartite Maps. - Part II Peeling Explorations. - 4. Peeling of Finite Boltzmann Maps. - 5. Classification of Weight Sequences. - Part III Infinite Boltzmann Maps. - 6. Infinite Boltzmann Maps of the Half-Plane. - 7. Infinite Boltzmann Maps of the Plane. - 8. Hyperbolic Random Maps. - 9. Simple Boundary, Yet a Bit More Complicated. - 10. Scaling Limit for the Peeling Process. - Part IV Percolation(s). - 11. Percolation Thresholds in the Half-Plane. - 12. More on Bond Percolation. - Part V Geometry. - 13. Metric Growths. - 14. A Taste of Scaling Limit. - Part VI Simple Random Walk. - 15. Recurrence, Transience, Liouville and Speed. - 16. Subdiffusivity and Pioneer Points.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive algebraic treatment of hypergroups, as defined by F. Marty in 1934. It starts with structural results, which are developed along the lines of the structure theory of groups. The focus then turns to a number of concrete classes of hypergroups with small parameters, and continues with a closer look at the role of involutions (modeled after the definition of group-theoretic involutions) within the theory of hypergroups. Hypergroups generated by involutions lead to the exchange condition (a genuine generalization of the group-theoretic exchange condition), and this condition defines the so-called Coxeter hypergroups. Coxeter hypergroups can be treated in a similar way to Coxeter groups. On the other hand, their regular actions are mathematically equivalent to buildings (in the sense of Jacques Tits). A similar equivalence is discussed for twin buildings. The primary audience for the monograph will be researchers working in Algebra and/or Algebraic Combinatorics, in particular on association schemes.Table of Contents1 Basic Facts : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 11.1 Neutral Elements and Inverse Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 Complex Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 Thin Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.5 Groups and Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.6 Actions of Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.7 Hypergroups Admitting Regular Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.8 Association Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Closed Subsets : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 272.1 Basic Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.2 Dedekind Modularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322.3 Generating Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.4 Commutators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.5 Conjugation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.6 The Thin Radical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412.7 Foldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Elementary Structure Theory: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 473.1 Centralizers and Normalizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.2 Su cient Conditions for Normality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523.3 Strong Normality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.4 Quotients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.5 Computations in Quotients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633.6 Homomorphisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663.7 The Homomorphism Theorem and the Isomorphism Theorems . . . . . . . . . . 714 Subnormality and Thin Residues : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 794.1 Subnormal Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.2 Composition Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834.3 The Thin Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884.4 Thin Residues of Thin Residues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.5 Residually Thin Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944.6 Finite Residually Thin Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974.7 Solvable Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045 Tight Hypergroups : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1075.1 Tight Hypergroup Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075.2 The Set S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115.3 The Sets a b \ Fc and Sa;b(Fc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135.4 The Sets bf1b  \ Fa and Sb;(f1;:::;fn)(Fa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1175.5 Structure Constants of Finite Tight Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225.6 Rings Arising from Certain Finite Tight Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265.7 Finite Metathin Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1285.8 Finite Metathin Hypergroups with Restricted Thin Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . 1326 Involutions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1376.1 Basic Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1386.2 Cosets of Closed Subsets Generated by an Involution, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426.3 Cosets of Closed Subsets Generated by an Involution, II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1456.4 Cosets of Closed Subsets Generated by an Involution, III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1476.5 Length Functions De ned by Sets of Involutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1526.6 Hypergroups Generated by Two Distinct Involutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566.7 Dichotomy and the Exchange Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1616.8 Projective Hypergroups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1647 Hypergroups with a Small Number of Elements : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1717.1 Hypergroups of Cardinality at Most 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1727.2 Non-Symmetric Hypergroups of Cardinality 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1797.3 Hypergroups of Cardinality 6 with a Non-Normal Closed Subset, I . . . . . . 1907.4 Hypergroups of Cardinality 6 with a Non-Normal Closed Subset, II . . . . . . 2027.5 Non-Normal Closed Subsets Missing Four Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2157.6 Non-Normal Closed Subsets Missing Four Elements and Thin Elements . . 2218 Constrained Sets of Involutions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2238.1 Basic Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2248.2 Constrained Sets of Involutions and Cosets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2288.3 Constrained Sets of Involutions and the Thin Radical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2308.4 Constrained Sets of Involutions and Dichotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2338.5 Constrained Sets of Non-Thin Involutions and Dichotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398.6 Constrained Sets of Involutions and Foldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2448.7 Dichotomic Constrained Sets of Involutions and Foldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2489 Coxeter Sets of Involutions : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 2519.1 General Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2529.2 The Sets V1(U) for Subsets U of Coxeter Sets V of Involutions . . . . . . . . . . 2569.3 The Sets V����1(U) for Subsets U of Coxeter Sets V of Involutions . . . . . . . . . 2639.4 Sets of Subsets of Coxeter Sets of Involutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2659.5 Spherical Coxeter Sets of Involutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2689.6 Subsets of Spherical Coxeter Sets of Involutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2739.7 Coxeter Sets of Involutions and Foldings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2779.8 Coxeter Sets of Involutions and Their Coxeter Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2809.9 Coxeter Sets of Involutions and Type Preserving Bijections . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28610 Regular Actions of (Twin) Coxeter Hypergroups: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 29310.1 Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29310.2 Twin Buildings, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29810.3 Twin Buildings, II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30110.4 Regular Actions of Coxeter Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30510.5 Regular Actions of Twin Coxeter Hypergroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315References : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 333

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Book SynopsisWie sieht eine Kurve aus, die die ganze Ebene oder den Raum vollständig ausfüllt? Kann man einen Polyeder flexibel bewegen, ja sogar umstülpen? Was ist die projektive Ebene oder der vierdimensionale Raum? Gibt es Seifenblasen, die keine runden Kugel sind? Wie kann man die komplizierte Struktur von Strömungen besser verstehen?In diesem Buch erleben Sie die Mathematik von ihrer anschaulichen Seite und finden faszinierende und bisher nie gesehene Bilder, die Ihnen illustrative Antworten zu all diesen Fragestellungen geben. Zu allen Bildern gibt es kurze Erklärungstexte, viele Literaturhinweise und jede Menge Web-Links. Das Buch ist für alle Freunde der Mathematik, die nicht nur trockenen Text und endlose Formeln sehen wollen. Vom Schüler zum Lehrer, vom Studenten zum Professor. Es soll sie alle inspirieren und anregen, sich mit diesem oder jenem vermeintlich nur Insidern vorbehaltenem Thema zu beschäftigen. Lernen Sie die Mathematik von einer ganz neuen und bunten Seite kennen. Die Neuauflage ist vollständig durchgesehen und um acht Doppelseiten mit neuen und spektakulären Bildern ergänzt. Stimmen zur 1. Auflage: „Die durchweg exzellenten grafischen Veranschaulichungen geben gute Beispiele, wie man elegant und sauber argumentiert. Möge dieses Buch viele Leserinnen und Leser zur Mathematik verführen." c't 17/09„In den ‚Bildern der Mathematik‘ kann man nach Herzenslust schmökern. Denn die einzelnen Mathematik-Häppchen und kleinen Geschichten sind zwar thematisch geordnet, bauen aber nicht aufeinander auf. So ist dieses Buch – für ein mathematisches Sachbuch sicher erstaunlich – sogar für den Nachttisch geeignet." Deutschlandradio KulturTrade Review“... Hier liegt ein Buch für alle jene vor, denen die Begeisterung für und das Verständnis von Mathematik am Herzen liegen. Wie das Buch eindrucksvoll zeigt, können dabei zielgerichtet erstellte Illustrationen wie eine Art Katalysator wirken. ... es leistet so einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Propagierung unseres Faches. ... An vielen Stellen finden sich auch nützliche Querverweise auf Ressourcen im Internet. Insgesamt untermauert dieses schöne Buch die Gültigkeit einer uns allen vertrauten Redensart: Ein Bild sagt mehr als tausendWorte!” (Hans Havlicek, in: Mathematische Semesterberichte, Jg. 62, 2015, S. 118)Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Polyedrische Modelle.- Geometrie in der Ebene.- Alte und neue Probleme.- Formeln und Zahlen.- Funktionen und Grenzwerte.- Kurven und Knoten.- Geometrie und Topologie von Flächen.- Minimalflächen und Seifenblasen.- Parkette und Packungen.- Raumformen und Dimensionen.- Graphen und Inzidenzen.- Bewegliche Formen.- Fraktale Mengen.- Landkarten und Abbildungen.- Formen und Verfahren in Natur und Technik.- Bildnachweis.- Index.

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Book SynopsisDie Graphentheorie gehört zu den Gebieten der Mathematik, die sich heute am stärksten entwickeln, zum Teil angestoßen durch Erfordernisse der Praxis, aber auch aus rein mathematischem Interesse. Dieses Kapitel der diskreten Mathematik auch Nicht-Fachleuten zugänglich zu machen, ist der Sinn dieses Buches. Es ist deshalb so geschrieben, dass es im Wesentlichen mathematisch exakt, aber auch ohne mathematische Vorkenntnisse verständlich und vor allem leicht lesbar ist. In Beispielen wird die Denkweise der modernen Mathematik nachvollziehbar und es werden auch Probleme dargestellt, die heute noch ungelöst sind. Der Autor hat wiederholt große Teile aus seinem Buch in verschiedenen Jahrgangsstufen erprobt: den Schülerinnen und Schülern hat Graphentheorie mehr Spaß gemacht als die sonstige Mathematik!Trade Review"Ein recht unterhaltsames Buch rund um die Graphentheorie." Die Wurzel, 02/2006 "Der Autor war Fachleiter für Mathematik an einem Berliner Gymnasium. Er hat sein Buch für Kollegen und Schüler mit besonderem Interesse geschrieben. Es eignet sich aber auch bestens für Studierende der Mathematik (insbesondere des Lehramts) für einen ersten Einblick." PM Praxis der Mathematik in der Schule, 03/2005 "Der Gymnasiallehrer Nitzsche gibt neun ansprechende, lebendig und anschaulich gestaltete Kapitel über eulersche, hamiltonsche und bipartite Graphen, Digraphen, Farben, Körper und Flächen." ekz-Informationsdienst, 50/04Table of ContentsErste Graphen - Über alle Brücken: Eulersche Graphen - Durch alle Städte: Hamiltonsche Graphen - Mehr über Grade von Ecken - Bäume - Bipartite Graphen - Graphen mit Richtungen - Körper und Flächen - Farben

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Book SynopsisIn the tradition of EuroComb'01 (Barcelona), Eurocomb'03 (Prague), EuroComb'05 (Berlin), Eurocomb'07 (Seville), Eurocomb'09 (Bordeaux), and Eurocomb'11 (Budapest), this volume covers recent advances in combinatorics and graph theory including applications in other areas of mathematics, computer science and engineering. Topics include, but are not limited to: Algebraic combinatorics, combinatorial geometry, combinatorial number theory, combinatorial optimization, designs and configurations, enumerative combinatorics, extremal combinatorics, ordered sets, random methods, topological combinatorics.Table of Contents90 to 100 extended abstracts accepted by the Program Committee of Eurocomb 2013, formed by 24 experts in the field, for presentation at the forthcoming Conference Eurocomb 2013, Pisa, September 3-9, 2013.

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Book SynopsisSolving Fuzzy Linear Equations.- Graphs, Fuzzy Graphs and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs.- Fuzzy Measures, Possibility and Necessity.- Compositional Rule of Inference.- Fuzzy Topological Spaces.- Fuzzy Subgroups and Fuzzy Normal Subgroups.- Application of Fuzzy Mathematics in Other Disciplines.

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Book SynopsisTriple systems are among the simplest combinatorial designs. They have applications in coding theory, cryptography, computer science, statistcs, and many other areas. This book provides the first systematic and comprehensive treatment of triple systems. It gives an accurate picture of an incredibly rich and vibrant area of combinatorial mathematics.Table of ContentsHistorical introduction ; 1. Design-theoretic fundamentals ; 2. Existence: direct methods ; 3. Existence:recursive methods ; 4. Isomorphism and invariants ; 5. Enumeration ; 6. Subsystems and holes ; 7. Automorphisms I: small groups ; 8. Automorphisms II: large groups ; 9. Leaves and partial tripls systems ; 10. Excesses and coverings ; 11. Embedding and its variants ; 12. Neighbourhoods ; 13. Configurations ; 14. Intersections ; 15. Large sets and partitions ; 16. Support sizes ; 17. Independent sets ; 18. Chromatic number ; 19. Chromatic index and resolvability ; 20. Orthogonal resolutions ; 21. Nested and derived triple systems ; 22. Decomposability ; 23. Directed triple systems ; 24. Mendelsohn triple systems ; Bibliographies ; Index

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Book SynopsisGraph connectivities and submodular functions are two widely applied and fast developing fields of combinatorial optimization. This book not only includes the most recent results, but also highlights several surprising connections between diverse topics within combinatorial optimization. It offers a unified treatment of developments in the concepts and algorithmic methods of the area, starting from basic results on graphs, matroids and polyhedral combinatorics, through the advanced topics of connectivity issues of graphs and networks, to the abstract theory and applications of submodular optimization. Difficult theorems and algorithms are made accessible to graduate students in mathematics, computer science, operations research, informatics and communication. The book is not only a rich source of elegant material for an advanced course in combinatorial optimization, but it also serves as a reference for established researchers by providing efficient tools for applied areas like infocomTrade ReviewThe title of the book is wisely chosen: it deals, among other subjects, with graph connectivity, and it provides connections between graph theoretical results and underlying combinatorial structures...The book is readable for students, researchers, possibly also practitioners. * Mathematical Reviews *Table of ContentsPART I - BASIC COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION; PART II - HIGHER-ORDER CONNECTIONS; PART III - SEMIMODULAR OPTIMIZATION

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Number Theory is a classroom-tested, student-friendly text that covers a diverse array of number theory topics, from the ancient Euclidean algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor of two integers to recent developments such as cryptography, the theory of elliptic curves, and the negative solution of Hilbertâs tenth problem. The authors illustrate the connections between number theory and other areas of mathematics, including algebra, analysis, and combinatorics. They also describe applications of number theory to real-world problems, such as congruences in the ISBN system, modular arithmetic and Eulerâs theorem in RSA encryption, and quadratic residues in the construction of tournaments. Ideal for a one- or two-semester undergraduate-level course, this Second Edition: Features a more flexible structure that offers a greater range of options for course design Adds new sections on the representations of integTrade ReviewPraise for the Previous Edition "The authors succeed in presenting the topics of number theory in a very easy and natural way, and the presence of interesting anecdotes, applications, and recent problems alongside the obvious mathematical rigor makes the book even more appealing. … a valid and flexible textbook for any undergraduate number theory course."—International Association for Cryptologic Research Book Reviews, May 2011 "… a welcome addition to the stable of elementary number theory works for all good undergraduate libraries."—J. McCleary, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA, from CHOICE, Vol. 46, No. 1, August 2009 "… a reader-friendly text. … provides all of the tools to achieve a solid foundation in number theory."—L’Enseignement Mathématique, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2008 The theory of numbers is a core subject of mathematics. The authors have written a solid update to the first edition (CH, Aug'09, 46-6857) of this classic topic. There is no shortage of introductions to number theory, and this book does not offer significantly different information. Nonetheless, the authors manage to give the subject a fresh, new feel. The writing style is simple, clear, and easy to follow for standard readers. The book contains all the essential topics of a first-semester course and enough advanced topics to fill a second. In particular, it includes several modern aspects of number theory, which are often ignored in other texts, such as the use of factoring in computer security, searching for large prime numbers, and connections to other branches of mathematics. Each section contains supplementary homework exercises of various difficulties, a crucial ingredient of any good textbook. Finally, much emphasis is placed on calculating with computers, a staple of modern number theory. Overall, this title should be considered by any student or professor seeking an excellent text on the subject. --A. Misseldine, Southern Utah University, Choice magazine 2016 Praise for the Previous Edition "The authors succeed in presenting the topics of number theory in a very easy and natural way, and the presence of interesting anecdotes, applications, and recent problems alongside the obvious mathematical rigor makes the book even more appealing. … a valid and flexible textbook for any undergraduate number theory course."—International Association for Cryptologic Research Book Reviews, May 2011 "… a welcome addition to the stable of elementary number theory works for all good undergraduate libraries."—J. McCleary, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA, from CHOICE, Vol. 46, No. 1, August 2009 "… a reader-friendly text. … provides all of the tools to achieve a solid foundation in number theory."—L’Enseignement Mathématique, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2008 The theory of numbers is a core subject of mathematics. The authors have written a solid update to the first edition (CH, Aug'09, 46-6857) of this classic topic. There is no shortage of introductions to number theory, and this book does not offer significantly different information. Nonetheless, the authors manage to give the subject a fresh, new feel. The writing style is simple, clear, and easy to follow for standard readers. The book contains all the essential topics of a first-semester course and enough advanced topics to fill a second. In particular, it includes several modern aspects of number theory, which are often ignored in other texts, such as the use of factoring in computer security, searching for large prime numbers, and connections to other branches of mathematics. Each section contains supplementary homework exercises of various difficulties, a crucial ingredient of any good textbook. Finally, much emphasis is placed on calculating with computers, a staple of modern number theory. Overall, this title should be considered by any student or professor seeking an excellent text on the subject. --A. Misseldine, Southern Utah University, Choice magazine 2016 Table of ContentsIntroduction. Divisibility. Greatest Common Divisor. Primes. Congruences. Special Congruences. Primitive Roots. Cryptography. Quadratic Residues. Applications of Quadratic Residues. Sums of Squares. Further Topics in Diophantine Equations. Continued Fractions. Continued Fraction Expansions of Quadratic Irrationals. Arithmetic Functions. Large Primes. Analytic Number Theory. Elliptic Curves.

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Book SynopsisCombinatorics deals with ways of arranging and distributing mathematical objects, and involves ideas from geometry, algebra and analysis. The theory has broad applications, including codes, circuit design and algorithm complexity. Graph theory, enumeration, external problems, projective geometry, designs, colourings and codes, amongst others, are dealt with in a unified way.Trade Review'Both for the professional with a passing interest in combinatorics and for the students for whom it is primarily intended, this is a valuable book.' The Times Higher Education Supplement'… it will no doubt become a standard choice among the many texts on combinatorics … fascinating … it is highly recommended reading.' Dieter Jungnichel, Zentralblatt MATH'This well written textbook can be highly recommended to any student of combinatorics and, because of its breadth, has many new things to tell researchers in the field also.' EMS'This is a fascinating introduction to almost all aspects of combinatorics. Plenty of interesting problems, concrete examples, useful notes and references complement the main text. This book can be highly recommended to everyone interested in combinatorics.' Monatshefe für Mathematik'… becoming a modern classic … every good student should progress to this book at some stage: it is a wonderful source of elegant proofs and tantalising examples. No-one will find it easy, but every budding or established combinatorialist will be enriched by it … This text is unashamedly and impressively mathematical; it will challenge and inform every reader and is a very significant achievement.' The Mathematical GazetteTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Graphs; 2. Trees; 3. Colorings of graphs and Ramsey's theorem; 4. Turán's theorem and extremal graphs; 5. Systems of distinct representatives; 6. Dilworth's theorem and extremal set theory; 7. Flows in networks; 8. De Bruijn sequences; 9. The addressing problem for graphs; 10. The principle of inclusion and exclusion: inversion formulae; 11. Permanents; 12. The Van der Waerden conjecture; 13. Elementary counting: Stirling numbers; 14. Recursions and generating functions; 15. Partitions; 16. (0,1)-matrices; 17. Latin squares; 18. Hadamard matrices, Reed-Muller codes; 19. Designs; 20. Codes and designs; 21. Strongly regular graphs and partial geometries; 22. Orthogonal Latin squares; 23. Projective and combinatorial geometries; 24. Gaussian numbers and q-analogues; 25. Lattices and Möbius inversion; 26. Combinatorial designs and projective geometries; 27. Difference sets and automorphisms; 28. Difference sets and the group ring; 29. Codes and symmetric designs; 30. Association schemes; 31. Algebraic graph theory: eigenvalue techniques; 32. Graphs: planarity and duality; 33. Graphs: colorings and embeddings; 34. Electrical networks and squared squares; 35. Pólya theory of counting; 36. Baranyai's theorem; Appendices; Name index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisA treatment of cutting-edge research on the distribution modulo one of sequences and related topics, much of it from the last decade. There are numerous exercises to aid student understanding of the topic, and researchers will appreciate the notes at the end of each chapter, extensive references and open problems.Trade Review"The reader may learn a lot from this book about various techniques used i this subject over many years (e.g., classical and metrical Diophantine approximation, combinatorics on words) and, in addition, find the proofs of some very recent results." - Arturas Dubickas, Mathematical ReviewsTable of Contents1. Distribution modulo one; 2. On the fractional parts of powers of real numbers; 3. On the fractional parts of powers of algebraic numbers; 4. Normal numbers; 5. Further explicit constructions of normal and non-normal numbers; 6. Normality to different bases; 7. Diophantine approximation and digital properties; 8. Digital expansion of algebraic numbers; 9. Continued fraction expansions and beta-expansions; 10. Conjectures and open problems; A. Combinatorics on words; B. Some elementary lemmata; C. Measure theory; D. Continued fractions; E. Diophantine approximation; F. Recurrence sequences; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is an introductory text for graduate students, or anyone using the theory of graph spectra, that assumes only a little knowledge of graph theory and linear algebra. The authors include developments in the field, exercises, spectral data, detailed proofs and an extensive bibliography.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Graph operations and modifications; 3. Spectrum and structure; 4. Characterizations by spectra; 5. Structure and one eigenvalue; 6. Spectral techniques; 7. Laplacians; 8. Additional topics; 9. Applications; Appendix; Bibliography; Index of symbols; Index.

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Book SynopsisCombinatorica, an extension to the popular computer algebra system Mathematica®, is the most comprehensive software available for teaching and research applications of discrete mathematics. This definitive reference/user's guide provides examples of all 450 Combinatorica functions in action, along with tutorial text on the mathematical and algorithmic theory.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'This book is the definite reference guide to Combinatorica … it is more than just a reference since it has all the necessary theory to comprehend the concepts … It is a very readable edition full of graphical and stimulating approaches to combinatorics and graph theories … This is a great resource for the acknowledgment of beautiful patterns and important properties of graphs and other combinatorial objects … This book is highly recommended. it is well organized, and readable textbook for beginners and intermediate students.' Leonardo On-lineTable of Contents1. Combinatorica: an explorer's guide; 2. Permutations and combinations; 3. Algebraic combinatorics; 4. Partitions, compositions and Young tableaux; 5. Graph representation; 6. Generating graphs; 7. Properties of graphs; 8. Algorithmic graph theory.

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Book SynopsisAdditive combinatorics is the theory of counting additive structures in sets. This theory has seen exciting developments and dramatic changes in direction in recent years thanks to its connections with areas such as number theory, ergodic theory and graph theory. This graduate-level 2006 text will allow students and researchers easy entry into this fascinating field. Here, the authors bring together in a self-contained and systematic manner the many different tools and ideas that are used in the modern theory, presenting them in an accessible, coherent, and intuitively clear manner, and providing immediate applications to problems in additive combinatorics. The power of these tools is well demonstrated in the presentation of recent advances such as SzemerÃdi's theorem on arithmetic progressions, the Kakeya conjecture and Erdos distance problems, and the developing field of sum-product estimates. The text is supplemented by a large number of exercises and new results.Trade Review'The book under review is a vital contribution to the literature, and it has already become required reading for a new generation of students as well as for experts in adjacent areas looking to learn about additive combinatorics. … This was very much a book that needed to be written at the time it was, and the authors are to be highly commended for having done so in such an effective way.' Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'The book gathers diverse important techniques used in additive combinatorics, and its main advantage is that it is written in a very readable and easy to understand style. The authors try very successfully to develop all the necessary background material … [which] makes the book useful not only to graduate students, but also to researchers who are interested to learn more about the variety of diverse tools and ideas applied in this fascinating subject.' Zentralblatt MATHTable of ContentsPrologue; 1. The probabilistic method; 2. Sum set estimates; 3. Additive geometry; 4. Fourier-analytic methods; 5. Inverse sum set theorems; 6. Graph-theoretic methods; 7. The Littlewood–Offord problem; 8. Incidence geometry; 9. Algebraic methods; 10. Szemerédi's theorem for k = 3; 11. Szemerédi's theorem for k > 3; 12. Long arithmetic progressions in sum sets; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisCombinatorics is a book whose main theme is the study of subsets of a finite set. It gives a thorough grounding in the theories of set systems and hypergraphs, while providing an introduction to matroids, designs, combinatorial probability and Ramsey theory for infinite sets. The gems of the theory are emphasized: beautiful results with elegant proofs. The book developed from a course at Louisiana State University and combines a careful presentation with the informal style of those lectures. It should be an ideal text for senior undergraduates and beginning graduates.Table of ContentsFrontispiece; Preface; 1. Notation; 2. Representing sets; 3. Sperner systems; 4. The Littlewood - Offord problem; 5. Shadows; 6. Random sets; 7. Intersecting hypergraphs; 8. The Turán problem; 9. Saturated hypergraphs; 10. Well-separated systems; 11. Helly families; 12. Hypergraphs with a given number of disjoint edges; 13. Intersecting families; 14. Factorizing complete hypergraphs; 15. Weakly saturated hypergraphs; 16. Isoperimetric problems; 17. The trace of a set system; 18. Partitioning sets of vectors; 19. The four functions theorem; 20. Infinite ramsey theory; References; Index.

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