Colonialism and imperialism Books

Book Synopsis Drawing on previously inaccessible and overlooked archival sources, The Herero Genocide undertakes a groundbreaking investigation into the war between colonizer and colonized in what was formerly German South-West Africa and is today the nation of Namibia. In addition to its eye-opening depictions of the starvation, disease, mass captivity, and other atrocities suffered by the Herero, it reaches surprising conclusions about the nature of imperial dominion, showing how the colonial state’s genocidal posture arose from its own inherent weakness and military failures. The result is an indispensable account of a genocide that has been neglected for too long.Trade Review “The author impressively demonstrates that emotions can be the driving force behind cruelty and is able to portray the brutalization of ordinary soldiers, who ultimately also became ‘motor[s] of extermination,’ more clearly than previous studies have done. Fear, bitterness, and frustration in the face of military failures led to violence…Häussler’s work is an innovative, at times brilliant study that deserves a wide readership – hopefully, and thanks to the translation, now also in English-speaking countries.” • Central European History Praise for the German edition: “Matthias Häussler has produced a complex and highly compelling account of the unfolding of mass violence in German South-West Africa. His book includes a range of sources which other historians have largely neglected … or been unable to access.” • Journal of Namibian Studies “Häussler deals less with the causes of violence or possible racist program of extermination than with the conditions, factors and dynamics of a radicalization that ultimately led to genocide. In his differentiated analysis he is aided by a profound knowledge of the sources, materials from state, church and private archives in Germany.” • Historische Zeitschrift “This book was overdue. [… Häussler] successfully endeavors to expand the collection of sources on the history of this genocide, drawing not only on German administrative files but also on British traditions and a large number of private estates” • Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift “This study encourages further research on the relationship between emotion, racism, and the release of violence and is recommended to all those who are interested in processes of unrestricted violence in general or the war in German South West Africa in particular.” • H-Soz-Kult “Häussler shines with an innovative study …The book is recommended not only to all those who are committed to dealing appropriately with the Namibian-German past, but also to those who are directly involved in the ongoing bilateral negotiations between Germany and Namibia.” • The NamibianTable of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1. Settlers, Herero, and the Spiral of Violence Chapter 2. The Strategic Horizon: Leutwein – Metropole – Trotha Chapter 3. The Campaign Chapter 4. Small Warfare and Brutalization Chapter 5. From the Regime of the Camps to “Native Policy” Conclusion Bibliography

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Book SynopsisFor much of the twentieth century the Mediterranean was a colonized sea. Italy’s Sea: Empire and Nation in the Mediterranean (1895-1945) reintegrates Italy, one of the least studied imperial states, into the history of European colonialism. It takes a critical approach to the concept of the Mediterranean in the period of Italian expansion and examines how within and through the Mediterranean Italians navigated issues of race, nation and migration troubling them at home as well as transnational questions about sovereignty, identity, and national belonging created by the decline and collapse of the Ottoman empire in North Africa, the Balkans, and the eastern Mediterranean, or Levant. While most studies of Italian colonialism center on the encounter in Africa, Italy’s Sea describes another set of colonial identities that accrued in and around the Aegean region of the Mediterranean, ones linked not to resettlement projects or to the rhetoric of reclaiming Roman empire, but to cosmopolitan imaginaries of Magna Graecia, the medieval Christian crusades, the Venetian and Genoese maritime empires, and finally, of religious diversity and transnational Levantine Jewish communities that could help render cultural and political connections between the Italian nation at home and the overseas empire in the Mediterranean. Using postcolonial critique to interpret local archival and oral sources as well as Italian colonial literature, film, architecture, and urban planning, the book brings to life a history of mediterraneità or Mediterraneanness in Italian culture, one with both liberal and fascist associations, and enriches our understanding of how contemporary Italy—as well as Greece—may imagine their relationships to Europe and the Mediterranean today.Trade Review'This book is a much needed and welcome addition to the growing body of work on Italian colonialism, as well as broader Mediterranean studies, that also sheds new light on Italian fascism. Valerie McGuire provides an empirically rich and conceptually sophisticated analysis of one of Italy’s lesser studied “colonies”: the Dodecanese Islands.'Pamela Ballinger, University of Michigan'In Valerie McGuire’s Italy’s Sea, we encounter two kinds of Italian Mediterranean imaginary. In unearthing the largely forgotten history of Italy’s colonial rule in the Aegean (1924–1943, but de facto since 1912) the author distinguishes between two phases of colonial administration that were characterized respectively by two different Mediterraneanist ideologies. [...] Through thorough research of largely unexplored material [...] the author offers a masterful account not only of how Italian colonial subjecthood was imagined in the Aegean but also of how it was practiced by both colonizers and colonized. [...This book] is a welcome and valuable addition to the field of Italian and Mediterranean studies. [It] deserves high praise for [its] interdisciplinarity and for providing useful tools for addressing the issues with which [it is] concerned.'Konstantina Zanou, Italian American Review '[Italy's Sea] provides a very compelling account of the remaking of the Italian identity through the Mediterraneanist discourse and fills a void in the literature about both Italian and Greek histories by shedding new light on the impact of the colonial domination of the Fascist regime in the Dodecanese islands.' Matteo Giordano, Journal of Contemporary History‘McGuire’s ambitious and comprehensive work contributes essentially to understanding the intersection of colonial expansion, citizenship, and the construction of race in the Eastern Mediterranean.’ Joanna Bürger, H-Italy‘Valerie McGuire's book is a fundamentally important contribution to colonial and postcolonial studies… an excellent text, written in captivating prose, a supreme novelty in the field of Italian studies and also in the broader context of colonial and postcolonial studies. The chapter “Everyday Fascism in the Aegean” will become required reading for students in my fascism class.’ Sergio Ferrarese, Quaderni d’Italianistica‘Italy’s Sea is a fine book that achieves its aims admirably. It makes very important contributions to our understanding of both Italian imperialism and the history and culture of Dodecanese. Its great innovation is to link, convincingly, the Mediterranean heritage of connectivity and pluralism to Italy’s modern imperial project.’ Nicholas Doumanis, Journal of Modern Greek Studies‘The way in which McGuire’s book adds to and expands the recently proliferating literature on Italian rule on the Dodecanese is by offering to write not simply a history of the archipelago under Italian administration, but a history of Italy – and even of Europe – through the experience of the Dodecanese… this is an important study that speaks to several literatures across disciplines.’ Alexis Rappas, Mediterranean Historical Review‘McGuire’s book is thorough, creative, and groundbreaking, building upon her dissertation at New York University and perspective gained from years of archival research and oral history interviews in Italy and in Greece. This is an important work for historians of contemporary Italy, Greece, Turkey, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean, and for the field of Italian studies, and will be appreciated by both undergraduate and graduate students… fascinating both as a historical and as a present-minded study.’ Mark I. Choate, Mediterranean Studies‘Unlike the many recent studies of empire that focus on Italy’s African colonies, the book’s focus on the eastern Mediterranean allows for unique and illuminating perspectives on the trajectory of Italian colonialism and nation-state building… McGuire masterfully recounts the Italian transformation of Rhodes into a cosmopolitan tourist destination that showcased the island’s Mediterranean and Levantine cultural heritage… an important addition to the growing scholarship on Fascism, Italian Empire, and the Mediterranean.’ Michael R. Ebner, Journal of Modern HistoryTable of ContentsIntroduction1. Nostalgia, the Aegean, and Mediterraneità in the Liberal Era2. Touring Italian Rhodes3. Belonging in the Archipelago: Nation, Race, and Citizenship4. Technologies of Empire: Everyday Fascism in the DodecaneseConclusion: Postcolonial ReturnsBibliography

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Book SynopsisAn Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library. The world-historical significance of the Haitian Revolution is now firmly established in mainstream history. Yet Haiti’s nineteenth-century has yet to receive its due, this despite independent Haiti’s vital importance as the first nation to permanently ban slavery and its ongoing struggle for sovereignty in the Atlantic World. Louis-Joseph Janvier (1855–1911) is one of the foremost Haitian intellectuals and diplomats of the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His prolific oeuvre offered enduring challenges to racist slanders of Haiti and critiques of the global inequalities that arose from European colonialism and the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Through his writings, Janvier influenced the international debates about slavery, race, nation, and empire that shaped his era and, in many ways, remain unresolved today. Arguably his most powerful work, Haiti for the Haitians (1884) provides a searing critique of European and U.S. imperialism, predatory finance capitalism, and Haiti’s domestic politics. It offers his vision of Haiti’s future expressed through a remarkable phrase: Haiti for the Haitians. Haiti for the Haitians is the first major English translation of Janvier. Accompanied by an introduction, annotations, and an interdisciplinary collection of critical essays, this volume offers unprecedented access to this vital Haitian thinker and an important contribution to the scholarship on Haiti’s nineteenth century.Table of ContentsIntroduction Brandon R. Byrd and Chelsea Stieber Haiti for the Haitians Translated from French by Nadève Ménard Annotations by Brandon R. Byrd and Chelsea Stieber Critical Essays 1 Louis-Joseph Janvier, National Writer Yves Chemla For Ludovic Janvier Translated from French by Nadève Ménard 2 Caribbean “Race Men”: Louis Joseph Janvier, Demesvar Delorme, and the Haitian Atlantic Marlene L. Daut 3 There Is No Odd in Ordinary: Louis Joseph Janvier, Haiti, and the Tropics of Racial Science Bastien Craipain 4 Haïti farà da se: French Third Republic Colonial Universalism and Louis Joseph Janvier’s Haitian Autonomy Chelsea Stieber 5 Louis-Joseph Janvier, the Founding Theorist of the Haitian Nation (an Active Reading of Haïti aux Haïtiens) Watson Denis Translated from French by Nadève Ménard 6 Haiti for the Haitians: A Genealogy of Black Sovereignty Brandon R. Byrd Afterword: The Elusive Habitant Jean Casimir Translated from French by Chelsea Stieber

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the place of imperialism in the cultural, political and economic life of late nineteenth-century Irish society. It highlights the tensions which arose because Ireland was at the same time both a colonial subject of Britain, yet also shared aspects of the imperial culture which was being formed during this period. It considers how Empire seeped into everyday Irish life, explores how Irish men and Irish women were intimately bound up with British expansionism, with imperial achievements and setbacks enthusiastically covered in many national and local newspapers, and discusses how Irish politicians and students vehemently debated imperial matters in public. It addresses key questions including: What were the similarities and differences with Britain's imperial experience? Was there a general awareness and understanding of the implications of British overseas expansion? How was Ireland's ambiguous role in Britain's imperial enterprise perceived: did the Irish regard themselves as empire-makers, opponents of British national chauvinism, or occupying a more neutral role? Overall, the book provides a nuanced analysis of the impact of the British Empire in Ireland, demonstrating how the Empire was central to Ireland's late nineteenth-century historical experience - for nationalists and unionists alike.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Glossary Note on Terminology Chronology Introduction Part A. Politics 1. Gladstonian Liberalism: Imperialism in Egypt and Coercion in Ireland 2. Another 'People Struggling to be Free': Crisis and Conquest in the Sudan Part B. Culture 3. Informing Ireland: Sources of Information and Their Cultural Impact 4. Reading Empire: Identities, Patriotism, and the Press Part C. Society 5. Building Empires: Humanitarian and Religious Impulses 6. Learning About Empire: Debating Societies and Schooling 7. Economic Ideas: Profit from the Empire or from Home Rule? Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisInspired by decolonial thinking, this book challenges romantic images of Y Wladfa, the Welsh Patagonian settlement founded in 1865. Drawing on archival sources written in Spanish, Welsh and English, it exposes the complex human relationships of this settler colony, and in particular disrupts the myth of WelshIndigenous friendship by foregrounding Indigenous experience and revealing less familiar accounts in the record. A newly-developed framework applies three logics possession, racialization/barbarisation, and assimilation to make sense of settler colonialism in Patagonia and to debate Wales's complex position as both colonised and coloniser. A new analysis of contemporary cultural products (television, film, textbooks) further demonstrates how the romantic view continues to shape racial stereotypes today, concluding that such settler origin countries as Wales are vital sites of decolonial debate.

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Book SynopsisMaristow House in West Devon has a rich, remarkable yet little-known history. In the seventeenth century two sons from a family of Exeter merchants helped establish the sugar plantations of Jamaica and the resulting trade in African slaves. One became the island's governor while the other married the daughter of a Civil War hero and one of the first owners of the house. His Jamaican grandson took over the estate in the 1730s and produced an heir who rebuilt the mansion to reflect the style and architecture of Georgian England. These changes were paid for largely by the proceeds of slave plantations, even though this family never visited the source of their wealth. Instead, they frequented he fashionable salons of Bath and London arranging the marriages of their four daughters. The eldest, Sophia, married off against her will to an immensely rich but boring husband, spent all her adult life in the fashion-conscious court of the Prince of Wales. Another sister helped to save the life of a distant member of the family indicted as a mutineer on the infamous HMS Bounty. Finally, the house and its thousands of acres were bought by another West Indian, this time from a family of successful financiers and traders. Their Jewish heritage placed obstacles in their path but despite widespread antisemitism the buyer created an astonishing political career in the House of Commons and played an important role in the career of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. Equally remarkably, Manasseh Lopes, despite having no children of his own, founded a dynasty of successful men and women who to this day are close to Britain's royal family. Slave-generated wealth impacted both urban and rural areas of Britain. Many of the country's finest country houses owe their origins to this wellspring of money. What this book reveals is that even in one house, this wealth fuelled an extraordinary range of political and cultural activity. Maristow House, as Malcolm Cross explains, remains a portal through which to appreciate economic and social change on a much larger canvas.

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Book SynopsisStudies of colonialism and empire have increasingly drawn attention to the problem of conceptualizing the political logic of colonial projects and the circumstances of state formation in colonial contexts. However, the nature and workings of the colonial state remains under-theorized and under-analysed. This volume addresses the analytical challenges of the colonial state from a variety of theoretical and thematic angles, and across a range of empirical cases that stretch over a vast span historically and geographically, to provide a new approach to analyzing the colonial state and its governmental practices.Trade ReviewContributed by scholars from Europe and the US and based on papers given at a conference and workshop held at the U. of Copenhagen, Denmark, the nine essays in this collection consider the colonial state in the context of governmental practices, violence, and agency. They discuss different configurations of power in two colonies of the US (Puerto Rico and the Philippines), mechanisms of power in Denmark and the Danish colony of Tranquebar at the end of the 18th century, and governmental power in the slave society of the Danish West Indies in the late 18th century; violence in the 1950s in the Portuguese colonies of Angola and Mozambique, the police force Landespolizei in the German colony of Southwest Africa, and violence in the relational processes of territorialization in Morocco and Libya; and the role of local agency in relation to reforms of the British colonial state that increased state capacity in Trinidad and Tobago and colonial governance in Samoa at the end of the 19th century under the shared control of German, British, and American officials. -- Annotation ©2017 * (protoview.com) *Table of ContentsRethinking the Colonial State: Configurations of Power, Violence, and Agency Colonial Governmentality in Puerto Rico and the Philippines: Sovereign Force, Governmental Rationality, and Disciplinary Institutions under US Rule Comparing the Colonial State – Governing ‘the Social’ and Policing the Population in Late 18th Century India and Denmark Governing the Risks of Slavery: State-Practice, Slave Law, and the Problem of Public Order in 18th Century Danish West Indies Ordering Resistance: The Late Colonial State in the Portuguese Empire (1940-1975) Violence as Usual: Everyday Police Work and the Colonial State in German Southwest Africa Colonial War and the Production of Territorialized State Space in North Africa Resistance and Reforms: The Role of Subaltern Agency in Colonial State Development Colonialism by Deferral: Samoa Under the Tridominium, 1889-1899

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Book SynopsisShortly after Japan's surrender in August 1945, a huge bonfire was built at the headquarters of Kwantung Kempeitai in Changchun, Northeast China. Hundreds of boxes of files were lost to the flames over the following days, but the unexpected arrival of Soviet soldiers prompted the Japanese to hastily bury some of them. These were unearthed by construction workers in 1953 and eventually handed over to archivists in the early 1980s. This book contains more than four hundred images of these original Japanese documents alongside English translations. They provide new insights into Japanese military activity during the occupation of China and Java during the second world war, with a focus on the following topics: The Nanjing Massacre “Comfort Women” Transfer of Prisoners to Unit 731 Forced labour Atrocities committed by Japanese troops Invasion through immigration in Northeast China Suppression of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army American and British prisoners of war

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Book Synopsis1900. For Tianjin’s European colonists a profitable new century is dawning, but for the city’s downtrodden Chinese natives the Zodiac cycle’s end signals imminent catastrophe. Meanwhile the fearsome Boxer warriors – said by some to be bulletproof – are spilling in from the provinces.On restless streets, a dangerous liaison begins. Ouyang Jue, gentle layabout and heir to a merchant fortune, finds himself entangled with Xénia, a French officer’s daughter indulging every impulse on her first visit to China. Each sees liberation in the other; a chance to leap through the mirror and escape the mundane.Separated by the widening divide between their two worlds, the lovers were never meant to be. But as discontent sparks into all-out conflagration, will they find paradise behind the glass? Or will they join the ashes of what might have been?

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Book SynopsisMaking the Revolution Global shows how black radicals transformed socialist politics in Britain in the years before decolonisation. African and Caribbean activist-intellectuals, such as Amy Ashwood Garvey, C.L.R. James, Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah and George Padmore, came to Britain during the 1930s and 1940s and intervened in debates about capitalism, imperialism, fascism and war. They consistently argued that any path towards international socialism must have colonial liberation at its heart. Although their ideas were met with opposition from many on the British Left, they convinced significant sections of the movement of the revolutionary potential of colonised peoples. By centring the entanglements between black radicals and the wider British socialist movement, Theo Williams casts new light on responses to the 1935 Italian invasion of Ethiopia, the 1945 Fifth Pan-African Congress, and a wealth of other events and phenomena. In doing so, he showcases a revolutionary tradition that, as illustrated by the global Black Lives Matter demonstrations of 2020, is still relevant today.Trade ReviewTheo Williams authoritatively details how Black militant Pan-Africanist radicals in Britain around George Padmore not only fought for colonial liberation in Africa and the Caribbean during the 1930s and 1940s but also worked with the Independent Labour Party led by Fenner Brockway to help change the way half the British Left thought about racism and imperialism. This very impressive organisational history of the International African Service Bureau thus illuminates the wider relationship of socialism to black liberation in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and so represents an invaluable contribution to scholarship on 'the red and the black'. -- Christian HogsbjergA fine, nuanced study of Black radical contributions to critical debates within the U.K, Europe, Africa and the colonies about the interplay of capitalism, fascism, and imperialism. Williams's exceptional archival research is matched by a dogged commitment to recovering the lives and work of key figures like George Padmore and C.L.R. James. This book gives fresh perspective to the 20th century European Left, and helps to decolonize the study of global radicalism. -- Bill V. Mullen, Emeritus Professor of American Studies, Purdue UniversityA timely book which sparkles with fresh ideas. In his accommodating prose Williams shows how the native traditions of British socialism and diasporic Pan-Africanisms coexisted in a jarring but constant dialogue. He brings to light the buried pas de deux which reveals each to have been in the other. This is a history in which every moment resonates for the present.. -- Bill SchwarzWilliams' account throws more light on a story that has yet to be told in its entirety - how campaigners across race lines worked together to contribute to the great world-shaping movements towards decolonisation and liberation. This is a serious and worthwhile addition to scholarship on internationalism. -- Priyamvada GopalMaking the Revolution Global powerfully recasts the story of interwar Black British radicalism, illustrating the ways anti-imperialism and pan-Africanism shaped British socialism. This timely, rich and layered account demonstrates that anti-racism and anti-imperialism were not marginal to the metropolitan left, but instead constituted key axes of debate and contestation among British socialists. -- Adom Getachew, author of Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-DeterminaitonThis very thoroughly researched book is an exploration of the political attitudes/policies of left-wing political parties (and then even the Labour Party) regarding imperialism, colonialism and independence in the UK. It investigates the relationships between Black activists - individuals and organisations - and these political parties. After all, 'imperialism was central to capitalism', which explains why some/many want to retain the colonies. And what was the effect on them all? So a vast amount of information on George Padmore, Makonnen, C.L.R.James, Chris Jones, et al, including women activists. And just as much on the organisations they set up/were involved with eg IASB, Pan-African Federation, Negro Welfare Association. It ends with an analysis of their influence on returning African leaders such as Jomo Kenyatta and Kwame Nkrumah. -- Marika SherwoodFascinating and revealing -- Neil Rogall * rs21 *

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Book SynopsisThe forgotten history of women slaves and their struggle for liberation.Enslaved West Indian women had few opportunities to record their stories for posterity. In this riveting work of historical reclamation, Stella Dadzie recovers the lives of women who played a vital role in developing a culture of slave resistance across the Caribbean.Dadzie follows a savage trail from Elmina Castle in Ghana and the horrors of the Middle Passage, as slaves were transported across the Atlantic, to the sugar plantations of Jamaica and beyond. She reveals women who were central to slave rebellions and liberation. There are African queens, such as Amina, who led a 20,000-strong army. There is Mary Prince, sold at twelve years old, never to see her sisters or mother again. Asante Nanny the Maroon, the legendary obeah sorceress, who guided the rebel forces in the Blue Mountains during the First Maroon War.Whether responding to the horrendous conditions of plantation life, the sadistic vagaries of their captors or the 'peculiar burdens of their sex', their collective sanity relied on a highly subversive adaptation of the values and cultures they smuggled from their lost homes. By sustaining or adapting remembered cultural practices, they ensured that the lives of chattel slaves retained both meaning and purpose. A Kick in the Belly makes clear that subtle acts of insubordination and conscious acts of rebellion came to undermine the very fabric of West Indian slavery.Trade ReviewShocking, enlightening, fascinating, challenging, A Kick in the Belly reframes the overwhelmingly male perspective on the transatlantic slave trade through female experiences and acts of resistance. It is a essential corrective to centuries of sublimation and the presentation of black women who lived through this history as passive victims. I cannot recommend it highly enough. -- Bernardine Evaristo, author of Girl, Woman, OtherIn clear, accessible prose, this book upturns versions of the past that privilege his-story, revealing a more complex and many-layered past, one in which enslaved women were central to the struggle for freedom. -- Suzanne Scafe, co-author of The Heart of the RaceStella Dadzie has given us another chapter in women's history by uncovering resistance that is uniquely rooted in controlling reproduction. This is a meticulously researched narrative that privileges the people who were so brutally treated that it was easy to assume they had no agency. We now know that such an assumption would be mistaken. This is an essential addition to the corpus of historical study into the nature, legacy and impacts of the period of African enslavement. It's finally a work that allows us to better understand and recognise how women disrupted the principal economic principles supporting the enslavement of generations of people. -- Arike Oke, Director of The Black Cultural ArchivesWhat has become distinctive of Dadzie's scholarship is the way she centres black women in their own stories and this continues in A Kick in the Belly...After being fed narratives that 'the material doesn't exist', A Kick in the Belly shows that it is really a matter of knowing where to look and how to listen. -- Sarah Lusack * Black Ballad *Amplifies and honours the innovative ways women fought for freedom and kept their cultures alive despite the brutality they faced...When filmmaker Ava DuVernay says she is her ancestor's wildest dreams, these are the women she's talking about. -- Sharmaine Lovegrove * Red *Highlighting the experiences of enslaved women in the Anglo-Caribbean, Dadzie gives primacy, as she did in her seminal book Heart of the Race (with Beverley Bryan and Suzanne Scafe), to Black women's voices. In doing so, she puts a narrative of empowerment and hope at the centre of the brutal history of slavery. -- Meleisa Ono-George * Times Literary Supplement *

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Book SynopsisEarly in life, Walter Rodney became a major revolutionary figure in a dizzying range of locales that traversed the breadth of the Black diaspora: in North America and Europe, in the Caribbean and on the African continent. He was not only a witness of a Pan-African and socialist internationalism; in his efforts to build mass organizations, catalyze rebellious ferment, and theorize an anti-colonial path to self-emancipation, he can be counted among its prime authors. Decolonial Marxism records such a life by collecting previously unbound essays written during the world-turning days of Black revolution. In drawing together pages where he elaborates on the nexus of race and class, offers his reflections on radical pedagogy, outlines programs for newly independent nation-states, considers the challenges of anti-colonial historiography, and produces balance sheets for a dozen wars for national liberation, this volume captures something of the range and power of Rodney's output. But it also demonstrates the unbending consistency that unites his life and work: the ongoing reinvention of living conception of Marxism, and a respect for the still untapped potential of mass self-rule.Trade ReviewIf Walter Rodney's assassins were under the impression that they could arrest the flow of his ideas by destroying his body, they could have not been more wrong ... In the context of the new resistance to global capitalism, his captivating analysis resonates more than ever before. -- Angela Davis, author of Women, Race and ClassRodney's perspective is alive, dazzling with the potential of revolution. -- Vijay Prashad, author of The Poorer Nations and Director of the Tricontinental Institute for Social ResearchHighly original ... It is very rare to find a thinker in the contemporary world who is equally committed to both theory and action and perhaps Rodney is one those few who does it seamlessly and that is what marks him as unique. -- Viswesh Rammohan * Marx & Philosophy *Walter Rodney galvanised liberation by awakening radical Pan-African consciousness ... [Decolonial Marxism's] messages are consequential for our day and age. -- Donari Yahzid * Race & Class *Table of ContentsEditorial Note IntroductionPart 1: Marxist Theory and Mass Action1. A Brief Tribute to Amilcar Cabral2. Masses in Action3. Marxism and African Liberation4. Marxism as a Third World Ideology 5. Labour as a Conceptual Framework for Pan-African Studies 6. The Angolan QuestionPart 2: Development and Underdevelopment7. The Historical Roots of African Underdevelopment8. Problems of Third World Development 9. Slavery and UnderdevelopmentPart 3: Their Pedagogy and Ours10. The British Colonialist School of African Historiography and the Question of African Independence11. Education in Colonial Africa 12. Education in Africa and Contemporary TanzaniaPart 4: Building Socialism13. Tanzanian Ujamaa and Scientific Socialism14. Class Contradictions in Tanzania 15. Transition 16. Decolonization

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Book SynopsisThe NATO occupation of Afghanistan is over, and a balance-sheet can be drawn. These essays on war and peace in the region reveal Tariq Ali at his sharpest and most prescient.Rarely has there been such an enthusiastic display of international unity as that which greeted the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. Compared to Iraq, Afghanistan became the 'good war.' But a stalemate ensued, and the Taliban waited out the NATO contingents. Today, with the collapse of the puppet regime in Kabul, what does the future hold for a traumatised Afghan people? Will China become the dominant influence in the country? Tariq Ali has been following the wars on Afghanistan for forty years. He opposed Soviet military intervention in 1979, predicting disaster. He was also a fierce critic of its NATO sequel, 'Operation Enduring Freedom'. In a series of trenchant commentaries, he described the tragedies inflicted on Afghanistan, as well as the semi-Talibanisation and militarisation of neighbouring Pakistan. Most of his predictions proved accurate. The Forty Year War in Afghanistan brings together the best of his writings and includes a new introduction.Trade ReviewPraise for The Duel: 'Ali's discussion of Afghanistan is highly valuable because of the questions it raises . a starting point for a much-needed debate.' -- Ray Bonner * New York Times *Praise for The Extreme Centre: "The typical Financial Times reader might find his bias so irksome they cannot continue. This would be a pity." * Financial Times *Evergreen ... Ali has argued against each occupation from its beginning; the result is an embittered, haunting refrain. -- Eileen Gonzalez * Foreword Reviews *A key contribution to make sense of the decades-long events that culminated in the chaotic scenes at Kabul's airport in August 2021. -- Marc Martorell Junyent * Inside Arabia *Erudite and committed ... This collection is indispensable for forming an understanding of what has happened and why. -- Andrew Murray * Morning Star *No one, Left or Right, has followed the misadventure of US policy in Afghanistan with such dogged attention and keen insight. -- Paul Buhle * Counterpunch *Unlike pro-interventionist liberal and even conservative interpretations of Afghanistan's recent history, Ali's anti-imperialist understanding provides the glue that binds the bloody tale together. -- Ron Jacobs * Counterpunch *Brilliant and incisive ... a must-read for anyone who wants to understand the causes and consequences of the decades-long turmoil in Afghanistan. -- N.P. Ullekh * Open the Magazine *Witty, insightful, and full of detail ... a book replete with encounters and anecdotes, evocative descriptions, and a brutal honesty about the corrupting power of war. -- Terina Hine * Counterfire *

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Book SynopsisIn January of 1788 the First Fleet arrived in New South Wales and a thousand British men and women encountered the people who will be their new neighbours; the beach nomads of Australia. "These people mixed with ours," wrote a British observer soon after the landfall, "and all hands danced together." What followed would determine relations between the peoples for the next two hundred years.Drawing skilfully on first-hand accounts and historical records, Inga Clendinnen reconstructs the complex dance of curiosity, attraction and mistrust performed by the protagonists of either side. She brings this key chapter in British colonial history brilliantly alive. Then we discover why the dancing stopped . . .Trade ReviewIn a voice that is always careful, thoughtful, deliberate, she teases out the story from what is not said, from ironic or obtuse turns of phrases in sentences constrained by professional formality or egotistical defensiveness . . . (Clendinnen) is above all a skilled interpreter of human behaviour. It is this psychologically astute . . . approach that sets her apart as a thoroughly 21st-century historian. -- Susan Elderkin * * Guardian * *Clendinnen revitalises out interest . . . Her glimpses are less conclusive but more truthful. They leave us with the feeling that we have not got it right, and that in itself is a spring-board back into investigation. -- Nicholas Shakespeare * * Daily Telegraph * *The story evoked is one of mystery, excitement and tension. Clendinnen's obvious passion for the subject transfers brilliantly onto the page as people and places are brought vividly to life. * * Big Issue * *A moving, often surprising story. * * Scotsman * *Clendinnen writes so well, with an eye for detail and character that make her a pleasure to read . . . Her words dance across the page. * * New York Times * *An extraordinary achievement. -- Robert MainFascinating. Transforms our understanding of history from something static into something lived. -- James Bredley * * Sydney Morning Herald * *

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Book SynopsisA war that has killed more than a million Iraqis was a "humanitarian intervention", the US army is a force for liberation, and the main threat to world peace is posed by Islam. These are the arguments of a host of liberal commentators, including such notable names as Christopher Hitchens, Kanan Makiya, Michael Ignatieff, Paul Berman, and Bernard-Henri Lévy. In this critical intervention, Richard Seymour unearths the history of liberal justifications for empire, showing how savage policies of conquest-including genocide and slavery-have been retailed as charitable missions. From the Cold War to the War on Terror, Seymour argues that colonialist notions of "civilization" and "progress" still shape liberal pro-war discourse, concealing the same bloody realities.In a new afterword, Seymour revisits the debates on liberal imperialism in the era of Obama and in the light of the Afghan and Iraqi debacles.Trade ReviewA powerful critique of 'humanitarian intervention' and of those liberal intellectuals who support it. * Independent *A great deal of damning material on the apologists of recent illegalities. -- Philippe Sands * Guardian *Among those who share responsibility for the carnage and chaos in the Gulf are the useful idiots who gave the war intellectual cover and attempted to lend it a liberal imprimatur. The more belligerent they sounded the more bankrupt they became; the more strident their voice the more craven their position. As the war they have supported degrades into a murderous mess, Richard Seymour expertly traces their descent from humanitarian intervention to blatant islamophobia. -- Gary YoungeAn excellent antidote to the propagandists of the crisis of our times. * Independent on Sunday *A powerful counterblast against the monstrous regiment of 'useful idiots.' * Times *Indispensable ... Seymour brilliantly uncovers the pre-history and modern reality of the so-called 'pro-war Left.' -- China Miéville[Seymour] delves into areas that are usually politely ignored, carefully uncovering liberalism and reformism's own shameful record of collaboration with mass murder ... essential reading. -- Owen Hatherley * New Statesman *We need to understand where these ideas comes from and how to fight them. This book is a major contribution to this understanding. -- Lindsey German * Socialist Review *The Liberal Defence of Murder is an important and scrupulously researched book with much to offer those who want to know why the likes of Christopher Hitchens have gone so loopy. * Morning Star *The most authoritative historical analysis of its kind ... [Seymour] displays a welcome critical engagement, meaningful intellectualism and unabashed factual analysis. * Resurgence *

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Book SynopsisThis book compares the impact of the League of Nations mandates system on British and French rule in the African mandated territories. It examines the mandates system with particular attention to international relations as well as to national politics, the activities of pressure groups, and the bureaucracies of the two largest overseas empires. The book studies developments in international law, international organization, and the powers of the Permanent Mandates Commission. The mandates system not only reflected the changing face of European colonialism, but also played a transforming role in its operation by influencing the economic, political, and cultural lives of Africans and Europeans within the mandated territories. The system led to the development of policies that transformed the relations between Europeans and Africans, and changed the way in which the colonial state exercised power within the mandated territories.Trade Review"A fascinating study of the advent of the League of Nations mandate system in Africa." -- Choice"Provides us with the best account we are likely to get of the French and British .official mind' about mandates." -- Susan Pedersen, Professor of History & James P Shenton Professor of the Core Curriculum at Columbia University, in a review essay in American Historical Review (October 2007)"In this definitive book the meticulous research and critical analysis of Michael Callahan has brought clarity in the evolution of these murky mandates from the old imperial order to the acceptance of neo-imperial trusteeship at the beginning of the new. His scholarship will be rewarded as the source for students, their teachers, and those scholars of every nationality who seek to understand Africa in the lost but formative years between the two great wars of the twentieth century." -- Robert O Collins, Professor of History Emeritus, University of California Santa Barbara"The best study of the colonial mandates in Africa and raises important questions about the evolution of colonial empires." -- The International History Review"An extensively researched and detailed study." -- Journal of African History"A book of profound historical research which deserves to become a work of incalculable value to scholars of African history as well as international relations." -- Anthony Kirk-Greene, St Antony's College, OxfordTable of ContentsAcknowledgements ; List of Abbreviations; Map of Africa, 1931; Introduction ; The Great War and Imperial Expansion; The New Scramble for Africa; Lloyd George, Wilson, and Self-Determination'; Annexation vs. Internationalisation; Preparing for the Paris Peace Conference; Reforming European Imperialism, 1919; Wilson and the Fight for Mandates; Milner and Simon; Nomansland,' the Duala, and French Resistance; The Lone B' Mandate?; Accommodating the League of Nations, 1920; The Tanganyika Territory'; French Capitulation; There is no more Annexation'; The United States, Germany, and the Permanent Mandates Commission, 1921--1925; America's Departure and Demands; Germany's Protests; Geneva and the PMC; Lugard and the League; The British Mandates between Theory and Practice, 1921--1925; Slavery and Land Legislation; Rwanda and Religious Freedom; Military Recruitment and Africans; Cameron, Indians, and White Settlers; Mandated Territory and League of Nations Stupidities'; The French Mandates between Theory and Practice, 1921--1925; Separate and Autonomous'; Military Recruitment and Africans; African Protest and the League; International Criticism and Imperial Legitimacy; Germany Joins the League: The British Mandates, 1926--1929; Chamberlain Confronts the PMC; Dr Kastl and Kenya; Cameron's Mandated Territory; The British Empire as Article 22; Germany Joins the League: The French Mandates, 1926--1929; French Fears and Colonial Control; The Return of the Bund; Taxation and Labour Laws; Mandate and Empire in British East Africa, 1929--1931; The Closer Union' Debate, 1919--1929; Labour's White Papers; Lugard's Questions; The Law Officers' Answers; The Failure of Closer Union'; Conclusions; Notes; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together fresh insights into the relationships between missions and indigenous peoples, and the outcomes of mission activities in the processes of imperial conquest and colonisation. Bringing together the work of leading international scholars of mission and empire, the focus is on missions across the British Empire (including India, Africa, Asia, the Pacific), within transnational and comparative perspectives. Themes throughout the contributions include collusion or opposition to colonial authorities, intercultural exchanges, the work of indigenous and local Christians in new churches, native evangelism and education, clashes between variant views of domesticity and parenting roles, and the place of gender in these transformations. Missionaries could be both implicated in the plot of colonial control, in ways seemingly contrary to Christian norms, or else play active roles as proponents of the social, economic and political rights of their native brethren. Indigenous Christians themselves often had a liminal status, negotiating as they did the needs and desires of the colonial state as well as those of their own peoples. In some mission zones where white missionaries were seen to be constrained by their particular views of race and respectability, black evangelical preachers had far greater success as agents of Christianity. This book contains contributions by historians from Australasia and North America who observe the fine grain of everyday life on mission stations, and present broader insights on questions of race, culture and religion. The volume makes a timely intervention into continuing debates about the relationship between mission and empire.Table of ContentsReappraisals of Mission History: An Introduction; Mother's Milk: Gender, Power & Anxiety on a South African Mission Station, 1839-1840; "The Natives Uncivilise Me": Missionaries & Interracial Intimacy in Early New Zealand; Contested Conversions: Missionary Women's Religious Encounters in Early Colonial Uganda; "It is No Soft Job to be Performed": Missionaries & Imperial Manhood in Canada, 1880-1920; An Indigenous View of Missionaries: Arthur Wellington Clah & Missionaries on the North-west Coast of Canada; The Promise of a Book: Missionaries & Native Evangelists in North-east India; Translation Teams: Missionaries, Islanders, & the Reduction of Language in the Pacific; Practising Christianity, Writing Anthropology: Missionary Anthropologists & their Informants; Missionaries, Africans & the State in the Development of Education in Colonial Natal, 1836-1910; Colonial Agents: German Moravian Missionaries in the English-Speaking World; "A Matter of No Small Importance to the Colony": Moravian Missionaries on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, 1891-1919; Mission Dormitories: Intergenerational Implications for Kalumburu & Balgo, Kimberley, Western Australia; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Sami people of Northern Europe and Aboriginal Australians are literally a world apart in geographical terms, yet share a common fate as Indigenous minorities. Emerging from centuries of internal colonisation. Their ancient cultures and languages severely eroded by policies of forced assimilation, their traditional lifestyles and Economies damaged, and their political voices marginalised, recent decades have seen their struggles for collective survival rise to political prominence in national and international agendas, with the promise of Indigenous self-determination held out by national governments and the United Nations Declaration of Rights for Indigenous Peoples. Both the Sami and Indigenous Australians have won important new rights during these decades, yet the outcomes are very different. In this volume -- the only collection of essays specifically on the Indigenous peoples of Australia and Northern Europe -- the similarities and differences between the Indigenous experiences in the Nordic countries and Australia are explored by renowned experts in the field including Indigenous authors. Some of the contributions are explicitly comparative and based on research experience in both areas, and two essays on New Zealand and Canada provide external points of reference to the volume's focus on Northern Europe (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia) and Australia. As always in Indigenous Studies, issues of cultural identity and survival are prominent but there is a special emphasis in many of the chapters on issues of socio-economic development and political representation, and a substantial introduction by the editors sketches out a historical-theoretical framework for understanding Indigenous struggles in First World countries that is critical of some currently fashionable approaches.Table of ContentsIntroduction; The Development of Sami Rights in Norway from 1980 to 2007; The Norwegian Sami Parliament & Sami Political Empowerment; Indigenous Representative Bodies in Northern Europe & Australia; Principles & Practice in Finnish National Policies Towards the Sami People; Russia's Sami: The Search for Autonomy in the Kola Peninsula; Internal Colonialism in Australia; Wiradjuri: Revival & Survival; Poverty Alleviation in Remote Indigenous Australia; Sami Lands & Indigenous Australian Lands: Some Comparative Perspectives; Arctic to Outback: Indigenous Rights, Conservation & Tourism; Making Places & Polities: Indigenous Uses of Cultural Heritage Legislation in Australia & Norway; Learning the Political Power Play of Survival; Ethnic Discrimination & Bullying in Norway; The Woggan-ma-gule Morning Ceremony; Commemorating the Treaty of Waitangi; Index.

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Book Synopsis"Distant Drums" reveals how colonies were central to the defence of the British Empire and the command of the oceans that underpinned it. It blends sweeping overviews of the nature of imperial defence with grass-roots explanations of how individual colonies were mobilised for war, drawing on the author's specialist knowledge of the Indian Ocean and colonies such as Bechuanaland, Ceylon, Mauritius, and Swaziland. This permits the full and dramatic range of action involved in imperial warfare -- from policy-makers and military planners in Whitehall to chiefs recruiting soldiers in African villages -- to be viewed as part of an interconnected whole. After examining the martial reasons for acquiring colonies, the book considers the colonial role in the First World War. It then turns to the Second World War, documenting the recruitment of colonial soldiers, their manifold roles in British military formations, and the impact of war upon colonial home fronts. It reveals the problems associated with the use of colonial troops far from home, and the networks used to achieve the mobilisation of a global empire, such as those formed by colonial governors and regional naval commanders. The book is an important contribution to our understanding of the role of British colonies in twentieth-century warfare. The defence of empire has traditionally been associated with the military endeavours of Britain and the 'white' Dominions, with the Indian Army sometimes in the background. This book champions the crucial role played by the other parts of the British Empire -- the sixty or so colonies spread across the globe -- in delivering victory during the world wars of the twentieth century.Table of ContentsPreface; The British Colonial Empire & Imperial Warfare; The Role of Colonies in Imperial Defence; The Evolution of a Martial Colony: Ceylon, 1760 to 1960; The First World War in the Indian Ocean Region; The First World War in a Colonial Backwater: The Bechuanaland Protectorate & the Caprivi Strip; Recruiting Colonial Soldiers: Mauritius & the High Commission Territories; The Military Contribution of High Commission Territories Soldiers During the Second World War; Unrest Among African Soldiers in the British Army During the Second World War; The 1st Battalion the Mauritius Regiment, Madagascar, 1943: The Archaeology of a Colonial Mutiny; Ceylon, Mauritius, & the Indian Ocean During the Second World War; 'A Prodigy of Skill & Organisation': British Imperial Networks & the Second World War; Colonial Governors & the Second World War; Conclusion; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume, the first of its genre in English, brings together the pioneering work of scholars of urban Indians of colonial Latin America. An important, but understudied segment of colonial society, urban Indians composed a majority of the population of Spanish America's most important cities. The geographic range, chronological scope, and thematic content of urban native studies is addressed by examining such topics as the role of natives in settling frontier regions, interethnic relations, notaries and chroniclers, and the continuation of indigenous governance. In spanning the entirety of the colonial period, the persistence and the creation of urban Indian identities and their contributions to colonial society is brought to the fore. Scholarly contributions include chapters by Susan Schroeder, "Whither Tenochtitlan? Chimalpahin and Mexico City, 15931631" and David Cahill, "Urban Mosaic: Indigenous Ethnicities in Colonial Cuzco". The volume opens with commentary by John K. Chance, pioneer scholar of urban Indians in Latin America and author of the highly praised Race and Class in Colonial Oaxaca and is summed up in "Concluding Remarks" by Kevin Terraciano, author of the widely acclaimed The Mixtecs of Colonial Oaxaca: Nudzahui History. The diverse themes, time periods, and geographic regions discussed herein make this illustrated book essential reading for all those engaged in colonial and indigenous studies.

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Book SynopsisThis book spans a century in the history of the Blackfoot First Nations of present-day Montana and Alberta. It maps out specific ways in which Blackfoot culture persisted amid the drastic transformations of colonisation, with its concomitant forced assimilation in both Canada and the United States. It portrays the strategies and tactics adopted by the Blackfoot in order to navigate political, cultural and social change during the hard transition from traditional life-ways to life on reserves and reservations. Cultural continuity is the thread that binds the four case studies presented, encompassing Blackfoot sacred beliefs and ritual; dress practices; the transmission of knowledge; and the relationship between oral stories and contemporary fiction. Blackfoot voices emerge forcefully from the extensive array of primary and secondary sources consulted, resulting in an inclusive history wherein Blackfoot and non-Blackfoot scholarship enter into dialogue. Blanca Tovias combines historical research with literary criticism, a strategy that is justified by the interrelationship between Blackfoot history and the stories from their oral tradition. Chapters devoted to examining cultural continuity discuss the ways in which oral stories continue to inspire contemporary Native American fiction. This interdisciplinary study is a celebration of Blackfoot culture and knowledge that seeks to revalourise the past by documenting Blackfoot resistance and persistence across a wide spectrum of cultural practice. The volume is essential reading for all scholars working in the fields of Native American studies, colonial and postcolonial history, ethnology and literature.Trade Review"The book's strengths lie first in the effort to identify Blackfoot perspectives within documentswritten primarily by cultural outsiders and, second, in its recognition of the importance of the Scarface story in literature." - Alison Brown, University of Aberdeen, British Journal of Canadian Studies Vol.25 No.1 2012Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; A Review of the literature; The Model; Simulating the Entry of Multinationals without Profit Repatriation; Simulating the Entry of Multinationals with Profit Repatriation; Conclusions; Index.

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Book SynopsisHaving succeeded in establishing themselves in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, in the early 16th century Spain and Portugal became the first imperial powers on a worldwide scale. Between 1580 and 1640, when these two entities were united, they achieved an almost global hegemony, constituting the largest political force in Europe and abroad. Although they lost their political primacy in the seventeenth century, both monarchies survived and were able to enjoy a relative success until the early 19th century. The aim of this collection is to answer the question how and why their cultural and political legacies persist to date. Part I focuses on the construction of the monarchy, examining the ways different territories integrated in the imperial network mainly by inquiring to what extent local political elites maintained their autonomy, and to what a degree they shared power with the royal administration. Part II deals primarily with the circulation of ideas, models and people, observing them as they move in space but also as they coincide in the court, which was a veritable melting pot in which the various administrations that served the Kings and the various territories belonging to the monarchy developed their own identities, fought for recognition, and for what they considered their proper place in the global hierarchy. Part III explains the forms of dependence and symbiosis established with other European powers, such as Genoa and the United Provinces. Attempting to reorient the politics of these states, political and financial co-dependence often led to bad economic choices. The Editors and Contributors discard the portrayal of the Iberian monarchies as the accumulation of many bilateral relations arranged in a radial pattern, arguing that these political entities were polycentric, that is to say, they allowed for the existence of many different centres which interacted and thus participated in the making of empire. The resulting political structure was complex and unstable, albeit with a general adhesion to a discourse of loyalty to King and religion.Trade Review"...this volume should provide a stimulus not only to the historiography of the Iberian empires but to imperial historiography in general." - Gabriel Paquette, The Johns Hopkins University, USA, European History Quarterly, Vol. 44 No. 3.

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Book SynopsisThis volume, the first of its genre in English, brings together the pioneering work of scholars of urban Indians of colonial Latin America. An important, but understudied segment of colonial society, urban Indians composed a majority of the population of Spanish America's most important cities. The geographic range, chronological scope, and thematic content of urban native studies is addressed by examining such topics as the role of natives in settling frontier regions, interethnic relations, notaries and chroniclers, and the continuation of indigenous governance. In spanning the entirety of the colonial period, the persistence and the creation of urban Indian identities and their contributions to colonial society is brought to the fore. Scholarly contributions include chapters by Susan Schroeder, "Whither Tenochtitlan? Chimalpahin and Mexico City, 15931631" and David Cahill, "Urban Mosaic: Indigenous Ethnicities in Colonial Cuzco". The volume opens with commentary by John K. Chance, pioneer scholar of urban Indians in Latin America and author of the highly praised Race and Class in Colonial Oaxaca and is summed up in "Concluding Remarks" by Kevin Terraciano, author of the widely acclaimed The Mixtecs of Colonial Oaxaca: Nudzahui History. The diverse themes, time periods, and geographic regions discussed herein make this illustrated book essential reading for all those engaged in colonial and indigenous studies.

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Book SynopsisHaving succeeded in establishing themselves in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, in the early 16th century Spain and Portugal became the first imperial powers on a worldwide scale. Between 1580 and 1640, when these two entities were united, they achieved an almost global hegemony, constituting the largest political force in Europe and abroad. Although they lost their political primacy in the seventeenth century, both monarchies survived and were able to enjoy a relative success until the early 19th century. The aim of this collection is to answer the question how and why their cultural and political legacies persist to date. Part I focuses on the construction of the monarchy, examining the ways different territories integrated in the imperial network mainly by inquiring to what extent local political elites maintained their autonomy, and to what a degree they shared power with the royal administration. Part II deals primarily with the circulation of ideas, models and people, observing them as they move in space but also as they coincide in the court, which was a veritable melting pot in which the various administrations that served the Kings and the various territories belonging to the monarchy developed their own identities, fought for recognition, and for what they considered their proper place in the global hierarchy. Part III explains the forms of dependence and symbiosis established with other European powers, such as Genoa and the United Provinces. Attempting to reorient the politics of these states, political and financial co-dependence often led to bad economic choices. The Editors and Contributors discard the portrayal of the Iberian monarchies as the accumulation of many bilateral relations arranged in a radial pattern, arguing that these political entities were polycentric, that is to say, they allowed for the existence of many different centres which interacted and thus participated in the making of empire. The resulting political structure was complex and unstable, albeit with a general adhesion to a discourse of loyalty to King and religion.Trade Review"...this volume should provide a stimulus not only to the historiography of the Iberian empires but to imperial historiography in general." - Gabriel Paquette, The Johns Hopkins University, USA, European History Quarterly, Vol. 44 No. 3.

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Book SynopsisWhile the conflicts and national aspirations in British mandatory Palestine in particular and the Middle East in general were evident before the outbreak of the Second World War, the war itself accelerated and enhanced national expectations and presented continuing tactical and strategic dilemmas to British, Arab and Jewish leaders. British strategic policy during the war failed to provide answers to the political issues of the growing national demands in Palestine, and led to severe distrust of British policy among Arabs and Jews, as the two communities were framing mostly opposing reactions to wartime developments, and to conflicting expectations and policies towards post-war solutions for Palestine. The aim of this work is to analyse the continual development of strategic plans and political dilemmas that arose during the war period, which led to the subsequent post-war circumstance where American and Soviet involvement impacted on the strategic thinking of all involved parties, notwithstanding the British military victory. Analysis includes: the pre-war British strategic situation in Palestine, and the war events in Palestine and its Middle East neighbour countries (at the military-strategic level and the repercussions of the outcome of the war for the local Palestinian population). At the heart of the discussion lies British interests and policies framed towards Jews and Arabs; analysis of the two communities' conflicting interests and policies; and the resultant sea-change in the establishment of the Jewish state which brought in its wake the emergence of a New Middle East.

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Book SynopsisIt was not the original intention of the Spanish to harm the Hispanic-American natives. The Spanish Crown, Councils and Church considered the natives free and intelligent vassals entitled to be embraced by Christianity and by the Hispanic civil culture. However, at the same time it was the monarchys decision to exploit the natives as taxpayers and as a reservoir of forced labor that made its rule in America exceptionally destructive. The recruitment of the natives to serve the interests of the Spanish Empire under what can only be considered near to slave conditions, compounded by systematic annihilation of their cultures and by cyclical epidemics, led to the near total eradication of the Indians. The book narrates the story of the Spanish conquest and the widespread violations against the Hispanic-American natives. The author ponders on the question why the Spanish Crown and the Church failed to apply the necessary measures to effectively protect the natives, particularly during the first years of the conquest and its aftermaths, when exploitation practices were gradually formed and implemented. The author further enquires how exploitation on this scale was made possible despite a constant flow of reports emphasizing the clear and present danger to the very existence of the natives and the profound, ongoing debates, led by most prominent intellectuals of the time, challenging its justification. Based upon primary sources and current research on the relationship between colonialism and genocide, this book examines whether the Spanish actions were genocidal. What lies at the heart of the issue is whether the wide range of exploitative acts implies ministerial responsibility of the Crown and its Councils in Spain, Crowns agents in America, or whether the destruction of the native population resulted from unplanned but acute circumstances, making it impossible to place the blame on specific persons or institutions.

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Book SynopsisColonial Countryside is a book of commissioned poems and short stories produced by ten global majority writers featuring National Trust houses with significant colonial histories. This includes properties whose owners engaged in the slavery business, in colonial administration or who were involved with the East India Company or British rule in India. Historians have accompanied these pieces with commentaries detailing the evidence upon which each creative commission was based. The book ends with a photo essay by the project’s commissioned photographer, Ingrid Pollard, the Turner Prize shortlisted artist who has pioneered critical interventions into the supposed whiteness of the British countryside. Peter Kalu’s story gives an account of Richard Watt of Speke Hall reflecting on his Jamaican experiences; Karen Onojaife’s story is set in Charlecote Park where a once-favoured Black page finds himself cut adrift; Jacqueline Crooks’ magical realist tale brings together an abused Indian princess and enslaved African employed in the mahogany trade; Ayanna Lloyd Banwo has written about Diego, the Spanish-speaking African who became Drake’s closest confidante; Masuda Snaith’s short story cycle tracks the cross-currents of empire across Lord Curzon’s Kedleston Hall; Maria Thomas’s account of Penrhyn Castle links past and present. It is a gothic tale of history biting back. Malachi’s story features a young Black man who dates a white girl with a taste for country house visiting, including Calke Abbey. Other contributions include poetic meditations on artefacts to be found in country houses. Hannah Lowe reflects on the taste for Chinoiserie, Seni Seneviratne gives voice to the enslaved children trapped within the frames of 18 th century art and Andre Bagoo makes connections between William Blathwayt of Dyrham Park and two stands featuring kneeling African men, brought to the house by his uncle in the seventeenth century.

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Book Synopsis Sugar was the single most valuable bulk commodity traded internationally before oil became the world’s prime resource. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, cane sugar production was pre-eminent in the Atlantic Islands, the Caribbean, and Brazil. Subsequently, cane sugar industries in the Americas were transformed by a fusion of new and old forces of production, as the international sugar economy incorporated production areas in Asia, the Pacific, and Africa. Sugar’s global economic importance and its intimate relationship with colonialism offer an important context for probing the nature of colonial societies. This book questions some major assumptions about the nexus between sugar production and colonial societies in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia, especially in the second (post-1800) colonial era.Trade Review “The book is an invaluable contribution to the study of the political economies of these regions and offers fresh perspectives on metropolis-colony interactions. It challenges the Euro/US-centric historiography…[it] introduces the reader to a variety of archival sources.” · The Newsletter of the International Institute for Asian StudiesTable of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction Sidney W. Mintz Chapter 2. Sugarlandia Revisited: Sugar and Colonialism in Asia and the Americas, 1800 to 1940, An Introduction Ulbe Bosma, Juan Giusti-Cordero and G. Roger Knight Chapter 3. Technology, Technicians and Bourgeoisie: Thomas Jeoffries Edwards and the Industrial Project in Sugar in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Java G. Roger Knight Chapter 4. An Anatomy of Sugarlandia: Local Dutch Communities and the Colonial Sugar Industry in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Java Arthur van Schaik and G. Roger Knight Chapter 5. Sugar and Dynasty in Yogyakarta Ulbe Bosma Chapter 6. Hybridity, Colonial Capitalism and Indigenous Resistance: The Case of the Paku Alam in Central Java Sri Margana Chapter 7. ‘A Teaspoon of Sugar ...’: Assessing the Sugar Content in Colonial Discourse in the Dutch East Indies, 1880 to 1914 Joost Coté Chapter 8. Sugar, Slavery and Bourgeoisie: The Emergence of the Cuban Sugar Industry Manuel Barcia Chapter 9. The Spanish Immigrants in Cuba and Puerto Rico: Their Role in the Process of National Formation in the Twentieth Century (1898 to 1930) Jorge Ibarra Chapter 10. Compradors or Compadres? ‘Sugar Barons’ in Negros (The Philippines) and Puerto Rico under American Rule Juan Giusti-Cordero Notes on Contributors Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisA both controversial and comprehensive historical analysis of how the British Empire worked, from Wolfson Prize-winning author and historian John DarwinThe British Empire shaped the world in countless ways: repopulating continents, carving out nations, imposing its own language, technology and values. For perhaps two centuries its expansion and final collapse were the single largest determinant of historical events, and it remains surrounded by myth, misconception and controversy today.John Darwin's provocative and richly enjoyable book shows how diverse, contradictory and in many ways chaotic the British Empire really was, controlled by interests that were often at loggerheads, and as much driven on by others' weaknesses as by its own strength.Trade ReviewA breadth of perspective few other imperial historians can boast. The British Empire really does look different in the light of it ... Breadth of vision, fizzing ideas and a brilliant style as well as superb scholarship ... It deserves to supplant every other book on this topic, including - though my publisher and bank manager won't thank me for saying this - my own. It is British imperial history at last without hang-ups; the one we've been waiting for -- Bernard Potter * History Today *A brilliantly perceptive analysis of the forces and ideas that drove the creation of an extraordinary enterprise ... Bringing together his huge erudition, scrupulous fairness and elegant prose, Mr Darwin has produced a wonderfully stimulating account of something that today seems almost incredibly yet was, in historical terms, only yesterday. It is also a much-needed antidote both to the leftish consensus of the past 50 years that Britain's empire was unrelievedly awful ... and the recent triumphalist revisionism of more conservative historians * Economist *Engrossing ... What Darwin adds to this insight is a rare, wonderful capacity for comparison. Empire here is a jigsaw of dreams and anxieties, conquests and loss of faith ... Seeing the imperial experience in the round like this does gives us a clearer, more subtle appreciation of the range of power and violence at play. It raises the historical writing on empire to another level * BBC History Magazine *How incredibly refreshing it is when as distinguished an historian as John Darwin ... writes something as thoughtful, well-researched and persuasive as Unfinished Empire, which explains the half-millennium-long expansion of Britain across the globe in terms that genuinely make sense ... The author's deep familiarity with all the key sources of this vast subject allows him to pluck examples for his arguments from across the centuries and continents ... Best of all ... is the thought that Darwin's book might at long last herald the victory of the post-Marxist phase of imperial historiography, and not a moment too soon -- Andrew Roberts * Sunday Telegraph Book of the Week *Balanced, original and impressive ... Subtle ... intelligent * Literary Review *Comprehensive ... Darwin's erudition allows him to skirt around the narrow orthodoxies of apologist v critic and provide an insightful account of Britain's unlikely period of global hegemony * Sunday Times *

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Book SynopsisThe riots that broke out in various British port cities in 1919 were a dramatic manifestation of a wave of global unrest that affected Britain, parts of its empire, continental Europe and North America during and in the wake of the First World War. During the riots, crowds of white working-class people targeted black workers, their families and black-owned businesses and property. One of the chief sources of violent confrontation in the run-down port areas was the ‘colour’ bar implemented by the sailors’ trades unions campaigning to keep black, Arab and Asian sailors off British ships in a time of increasing job competition. Black 1919 sets out the economic and social causes of the riots and their impact on Britain’s relationship with its empire and its colonial subjects. The riots are also considered within the wider context of rioting elsewhere on the fringes of the Atlantic world as black people came in increased numbers into urban and metropolitan settings where they competed with working-class white people for jobs and housing during and after the First World War. The book details the events of the port riots in Britain, with chapters devoted to assessing the motivations and make-up of the rioting crowds, examining police procedures during the riots, considering the court cases that followed, and looking at the longer-term consequences for the black British workers and their families. Black 1919 is a stark and timely reminder of the violent racist conflict that emerged after the First World War and the shockwaves that reverberated around the Empire.Trade Review'With Black 1919, Jacqueline Jenkinson has provided the first detailed investigation of the 1919 riots, which were among the most severe, widespread, and prolonged social disturbances to occur in Britain in the first half of the twentieth century.' Journal of British Studies'There is simply no rival for its detail and substance ... a substantial addition to the literature of black British history.' Neil Evans, Cardiff University'The book deserves a wide readership. It will stimulate further debate into the numerous questions raised about race, class and empire.' Reviews in HistoryTable of Contents List of tables and figures Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Introduction 1. The wider context of the seaport riots 2. Chief events of the riots 3. Who were the rioters? 4. Police and court responses 5. Repatriation to the colonies: the government solution to the riots and some Caribbean consequences 6. Aftermath: global reverberations, selfhelp, alien status and further riots Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAn Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library.Colonialism created exclusive economic and segregatory social spaces for the exploitation and management of natural and human resources, in the form of plantations, ports, mining towns, hill stations, civil lines and new urban centres for Europeans. Contagion and Enclaves studies the social history of medicine within two intersecting enclaves in colonial India; the hill station of Darjeeling which incorporated the sanitarian and racial norms of the British Raj; and in the adjacent tea plantations of North Bengal, which produced tea for the global market. This book studies the demographic and environmental transformation of the region: the racialization of urban spaces and its contestations, establishment of hill sanatoria, expansion of tea cultivation, labour emigration and the paternalistic modes of healthcare in the plantation. It examines how the threat of epidemics and riots informed the conflictual relationship between the plantations with the adjacent agricultural villages and district towns. It reveals how Tropical Medicine was practised in its ‘field’; researches in malaria, hookworm, dysentery, cholera and leprosy were informed by investigations here, and the exigencies of the colonial state, private entrepreneurship, and municipal governance subverted their implementation. Contagion and Enclaves establishes the vital link between medicine, the political economy and the social history of colonialism. It demonstrates that while enclaves were essential and distinctive sites of articulation of colonial power and economy, they were not isolated sites. The book shows that the critical aspect of the enclaves was in their interconnectedness; with other enclaves, with the global economy and international medical research.Trade ReviewCombining original observations with very sophisticated arguments, written both clearly and elegantly, this makes an important contribution to the field. Mark HarrisonTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations 1. Disease and Colonial Enclaves 2. The Sanatorium of Darjeeling: European Health in a Tropical Enclave 3. Pioneering Years in Plantation and Medicine in Darjeeling, Terai and Duars 4. The Sanatorium Enclave: Climate and Class in Colonial Darjeeling 5. Contending Visions of Health Care in the Plantation Enclaves 6. The Plantation Enclave, the Colonial State and Labour Health Care 7. Tropical Medicine in Its ‘Field’: Malaria, Hookworm and the Rhetoric of the ‘Local’ 8. Habitation and Health in Colonial Enclaves: The Hill-station and the Tea Plantations Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisArrogant Trespass is the first sustained treatment of the Anglo-Normans in Wexford since Orpen''s century-old work. Profusely illustrated, meticulously researched and tightly written, this model study has stood the test of time and is now a classic of Wexford history.

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Book SynopsisThe first in-depth account of Darfur's history during the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium (from 1916). This work engages with a fundamental question in the study of African history and politics: to what extent did the colonial state re-define the character of local politics in the societies it governed? Existing scholarship on Darfur under the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium (1916-1956) has suggested that colonial governance here represented either straightforward continuity or utterly transformative change from the region's deep history of independent statehoodunder the Darfur Sultanate. This book argues that neither view is adequate: it shows that British rule bequeathed a culture of governance to Darfur which often rested on state coercion and violence, but which was also influencedby enduring local conceptions of the relationship between ruler and ruled, and the agendas of local actors. The state was perceived as a resource as well as a threat by local peoples. Although the British did introduce significant changes to the character of governance in Darfur, local populations negotiated the significance of these innovations, challenging the authority of state-appointed chiefs, defying official attempts to police the boundaries ofethnic territories, and competing for the resources of political support and development that the state represented. Even the violence of the state was shaped and channelled by the initiative of local elites. Finally, the authorsuggests that contemporary conflict and politics in the region must be understood in the context of this deeper history of interaction between state and local agendas in shaping everyday realities of power and governance. Chris Vaughan is Lecturer in African History at Liverpool John Moores University. Previously, he taught at the Universities of Durham, Leeds, Liverpool and Edinburgh. His articles have appeared in the Journal of African Historyand the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. He is co-editor (with Lotje De Vries and Mareike Schomerus) of The Borderlands of South Sudan.Trade ReviewWe have reason to thank Vaughan for 'filling in the blanks' by producing such a rich, thoughtful and satisfying monograph. * THE JOURNAL OF IMPERIAL AND COMMONWEALTH HISTORY *Take[s] up the challenge of writing against the grain of state archives, hunting out Sudanese histories of political action and local theories of governance. * JOURNAL OF COLONIALISM AND COLONIAL HISTORY *[An] important contribution to the scholarship on Sudanese history in particular and British imperial and African colonial history generally. Challenges the claim to peace and order that British colonial authorities in the Sudan repeated as their credo and mantra, and instead argues that the colonial state's promotion of violence was 'licensed'-meaning officially authorised. * ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW *Chris Vaughan provides an important case study of British rule in Darfur, in the western Sudan, showing how local populations 'actually shape the way the state is manifested at a local level' (6). ... provides a significant refinement of current scholarship discussing 're-tribalization' policies in the colonial era. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Vaughan has provided an interesting analysis of power in those pre-independence times, how different groups made the most of the opportunities afforded to them, how colonial rules and regulations were often a mere overlay on local customs and traditions. The colourful anecdotes from colonial archives are the icing on the cake. * AUSTRALASIAN REVIEW OF AFRICAN STUDIES *Offers a useful treatment of themes in the political history of Darfur from the sultanate to Sudanese independence and more specifically a distinctive well-defined thesis on the shaping of administrative policy and practice during the era of British rule ...The author has not written a social or cultural history but has argued for a broad characterization of continuing political relationships, and this is his contribution. * IJAHS *This study contributes significantly to scholarship about the colonial state, using evidence derived from the historical experience of colonial Darfur (1916-56). * AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW *There are no pat answers here. More - and even more-detailed - scholarly attention to the history of individual tribes might make the future more predictable. In framing such studies, historians would have in Darfur an engaging and provocative place to start. * SUDAN STUDIES *Table of ContentsIntroduction State Authority and Local Politics before 1916: The Darfur Sultans, Turco-Egyptian Rule and the Mahdiyya Colonial Conquest and the Politics of Alliance in Darfur, 1916-1921 'Healthy Oppression'? Native Administration and State Violence in Western Darfur, 1917- 1945 Native Courts and Chieftaincy Disputes in Pastoralist Darfur, 1917-1937 Defining Territories, Policing Movement and the Limits of Legibility in Pastoralist Darfur, 1917-1950 Late Colonialism in Darfur: Local Government, Development and National Politics, 1937-1956 Conclusion: State Formation, Violence and Conflict in Historical Perspective

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Book SynopsisThe history of the often-overlooked chewa Ethiopian warriors and their crucial role in defending their homeland against invasion, as well as their strong influence on political identity and the social infrastructure. Today best known for their role in defending Ethiopia from Italian invasion 1935-41, chewa warriors protected Ethiopia for centuries. Yet, depicted by some 19th-century Western observers as little more than "a horde" of warmongers, and later suppressed by Ethiopian monarchs who sought to create a centralized modern state, their contribution has been neglected. Drawing on oral and written sources, as well as the zeraf poetry through which theyexpressed themselves, this book explores for the first time in depth the history, practices and principles of warriorhood of the chewa, and their wider influence on society and state. Often self-trained individuals who began by defending their communities, by the end of the 19th century there were chewa warrior groups from almost all linguistic groups who fought together to resist foreign invaders. Some chewa enrolled in the service of the Ethiopian "kings of kings", who organized them as named corps that supplemented the formal defence of the state. Today, chewa political identity, which transcended social, familial, political and other groupings, remains deeply rooted in Ethiopian society. Tsehai Berhane-Selassie taught Social Anthropology, Gender and Development Studies in universities in Ethiopia, the UK, the USA and Ireland. She is a former member of The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. Her publications include editing Gender Issues in Ethiopia.Trade ReviewIn Ethiopian Warriorhood: Defence, Land and Society, Tsehai Berhane-Selassie provides a nuanced analysis of the role of the chewa - voluntary, community supported warriors - in the evolution of the Ethiopian state. .[F]or historians of the Horn, this book provides a valuable analysis of state formation that shifts the focus from individual monarchs to a misunderstood group of intermediary actors, and adds a new layer to the complicated history of land rights in Ethiopia. * CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES / REVUE CANADIENNE DES ÉTUDES AFRICAINES *[Tsehai Berhane-Selassie's] book is a thoroughly researched contribution in the growing literature of Ethiopian social history. It is truly an insider view carefully drawn from oral testimonies such as heroic recitals and various written accounts of historical importance. .The study should truly interest academic scholars, policy makers, students, and education experts alike. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *The book (composed of ten chapters) is well written and extensively footnoted. [...] She [the author] should indeed be congratulated for her splendid contribution to Ethiopian studies. * Aethiopica *It is very recently that indigenous thought acquired currency in the scholarly world. Tsehai's current book is pioneering in this regard. [...]Her book is a thoroughly researched contribution in the growing literature of Ethiopian social history. It is truly an insider view carefully drawn from oral testimonies such as heroic recitals and various written accounts of historical importance. * African Studies Quarterly *Ethiopian Warriorhood provides a data-rich historical ethnography of an imperial institution. From a scholarly perspective, it is a very useful book for students of the modern history and anthropology of the Horn of Africa, as well as of comparative studies on conflict, militarism, and empire. * Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute *A vast and remarkable undertaking, Tsehai's book is a recommended reading for any serious student of Ethiopian history and for all who wish to understand Ethiopia's enduring traditions today. * Orientalistische Literaturzeitung *Table of ContentsPreface Introduction: Traditions of hierarchical warriorhood The historical context of emergent warriors Military lands and power politics Ecological roots of local leadership Social localities of emergent warriors Military training in sports, horsemanship and hunting Political authority and military power Zeraf: symbols and rituals of power and rebellion First Italian invasion, 1896 Guerrilla warfare, 1935-41 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisFinalist for the 2019 Albert J. Raboteau Prize for Best Book in Africana Religions An innovative study of Christianity and society in Cameroon that illuminates the history of faith and cultural transformation among societies living under French rule 1914 to 1939. Between the two World Wars, the radical innovations of African Catholic and Protestant evangelists repurposed Christianity to challenge local and foreign governments operating in the French-administered League of Nations Mandate of Cameroon. Walker-Said explores how African believers transformed foreign missionary societies into profoundly local religious institutions with indigenous ecclesiastical hierarchies and devotional social and charitable networks,devising novel authority structures to control resources and govern cultural and social life. She analyses how African Christian religious leaders transformed social and labour relations, contesting forced labour and authoritarian decentralized governance as threats to family stability and community integrity. Inspired by Catholic and Protestant doctrines on conjugal complementarity and social equilibrium, as well as by local spiritual and charismatic movements, African Christians re-evaluated and renovated family and community authority structures to address the devastating changes colonialism wrought in the private sphere. The history of these reform-minded believers reveals howfamily intimacies and kinship ties constituted the force of community resistance to oppression and also demonstrates the relevance of faith in the midst of a tumultuous series of forces arising out of the colonial situation peculiar to Cameroon.Trade ReviewThis book sheds light on the springs of the profound and irreversible upheavals brought about by Christianization at the heart of family life among the peoples of southern Cameroon. * CAHIERS D'ETUDES AFRICAINES *This is a carefully researched study that offers readers a wide range of theoretical and empirical insights into the intersection of social change, African agency and ecclesiastical history. * JOURNAL OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY *Faith, Power, and Family makes a splendid contribution to the historiography on French Cameroon, African Christianity, relations between church and state, masculinity, and marriage in colonial Africa. * IJAHS *Faith, Power, and Family is a very valuable contribution to the rich literature examining the intersections of gender, religion, and state policy in colonial Africa. [...]Faith, Power and Family is a valuable and convincing work. * H-AFRICA *Faith, Power and Family is a genuinely significant contribution to the historiography of French Cameroon and adds to the research on Christianity, family, masculinity and intimacy, power and the state, as well as colonialism. * Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute *The book is tightly organized [...] -- Reading ReligionTable of ContentsIntroduction: Marriage at the Nexus of Faith, Power and Family PART I: French Rule, Social Politics and New Religious Communities, 1914-1925 Christian Transmission and Colonial Imposition African Catechists and Charismatic Activities Evaluating Marriage and Forming a Virtuous Household Faith, Family and the Endurance of the Lineage PART II: Labour, Economic Transformation and Family Life, 1925-1939 African Church Institutions in Action African Agents of the Church and State: Male Violence and Productivity Ethical Masculinity: The Church and the Patriarchal Order The Significance of African Christian Communities Beyond Cameroon Bibliography

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Book SynopsisExplores the fundamental role of the military in state-building in francophone postcolonial West Africa and how foreign economic and military aid has influenced it. How did African armed forces in postcolonial states in francophone West Africa influence decolonization and state-building in African states? How did foreign assistance from ex-colonial powers, the USSR and the US and colonial state structures influence political systems, and sometimes result in weak and unstable governance? This book explores the development of national militaries in Cote d'Ivoire, Dahomey (now Benin), Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) and Togo during the 1960s and 1970s. Revealing the strength of decision-making power by African political elites, the study also shows the decisive impact of foreign economic and military assistance on countries that did not experience a prolonged armed conflict. The author provides new insights into the way the decisions of African governments in building their national militaries impacted postcolonial states' autonomy, legitimacy, sovereign control and governance. In West Africa, during the 1960s, France sought to maintain exclusive relations with its former colonies through military assistance, economic aid and close personal relations with African political and military elites. State coercive capacities extended far beyond the strength of political institutions, with soldiers' assumption of political roles linked to the weaknesses of colonial and postcolonial structures. Disagreements between French and American officials, as well as Arab-Israeli and Sino-Russo conflicts, increased African presidents' opportunities to mobilize external resources. Yet in the late 1980s, it became evident that national militaries and police were often the main causes of personal insecurity, rather than providing protection, and that some economies remained weak and political structures unstable. This book is available as an Open Access ebook under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC. The open access version of this publication was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation.Table of Contents1. Introduction Peaceful decolonisation and the Cold War Armed Forces and State Building: The Development of National Militaries in West Africa Sources and Methodology Objectives and Structure of the book 2. Autonomy: Foreign Assistance and African Decision-making Pros and Cons of Neutralism: The Reliance of Guinea and Mali on the Soviet Union Life Insurance: French Relations with the Presidents of Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal Surviving on Leftovers: Building National Militaries with Limited Resources French know-how and strategic minerals: Nigerien defense decisions Conclusion 3. Sovereignty: Strategies to Control Populations and Territories Coopting States: Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal Coercive States: Guinea and Mali Centralized States: Niger and Upper Volta Conclusion 4. Legitimacy and Colonial Legacies: The Use of Force and Institutions of Coercion Blood Tax: West African Soldiers in the French Army From 'Mercenaries' to People's Armed Force: Military Building in Guinea Relying on France: Continuity in Colonial Structures in Côte d'Ivoire A Reverence for Warriors: The Postcolonial Importance of Soldiers in Upper Volta Conclusion 5. Governance: Control and Command of the Armed Forces A Revolutionary Army Eats Itself: The Soviet Model in Guinea and Mali Economic Liberalism v. Multiparty Democracy: Ivorian and Senegalese Decision-making Nigerien and Voltaic Soldiers: Guardians of the Treasury? Conclusion 6. Conclusion: Legacies of Control

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Book SynopsisA compelling exploration of one of the most ill-advised and calamitous interventions in colonial development history. As colonial development took off after the Second World War, in the context of national food shortages, Britain's Labour Government initiated the Groundnut Scheme, an extraordinarily ambitious project to convert 3 million acres of bush in Tanganyika into the largest mechanized groundnut farm in the world. It was to prove the largest, most expensive and most disastrous development scheme ever undertaken by the British Government. Never previously analysed in depth, the author draws on a wide range of sources to discuss the political dynamics that drove the Groundnut Scheme forward, despite the gravest doubts of agriculturalists and economists, why it went wrong, and what its impact has been since on the practice of economic development. Initially employing the United Africa Company as agent, the government set up an Overseas Food Corporation to manage the Groundnut Scheme as an example of socialist development in Africa. Army surplus kit and demobbed soldiers poured into the country and were sent up the railway line to Kongwa to beat the bush. By the time the effort was abandoned in 1950, costs had risen to a colossal 36 million - equivalent to over 1 billion today - and yet almost no groundnuts had been exported. The prototype of many large-scale, government-run, high-cost development projects that failed to deliver, the Groundnut Scheme was perhaps the first major failure of agricultural development in Africa, and its legacy in development practice still with us today.Trade Review[B]eautifully written and interspersed with interesting observations and amusing anecdotes. The book is also exceedingly well researched, every statement and argument being painstakingly corroborated with primary and secondary resources. [An] important contribution to the historiography of Britain's imperialism and development policy in east Africa. * International Affairs *This is a ripping good read. [...] Nicholas Westcott is well qualified to spin this particular yarn with wit and academic aplomb. * Tanzanian Affairs *This book is a necessary addition to the study of post-war British imperialism, and relies on a remarkable array of primary sources. Its interweaving of the domestic and international aspects of the Scheme, as well as the impressive use of evidence, provide a laudable contribution to the existing research on colonial development and post-war British imperial history. -- English Historical ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction Austerity A Scheme is Born "The Poison of the Official Pen ..." The Groundnut Army Beating about the Bush The Overseas Food Corporation 1949: The Crisis The Last Chance A Sudden Death Legacy and Lessons

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Book SynopsisThe SS Mendi is a wreck site off the Isle of Wight under the protection of Historic England. Nearly 650 men, mostly from the South African Native Labour Corps (SANLC), lost their lives in February 1917 following a collision in fog as they travelled to serve as labourers on the Western Front, in one of the largest single losses of life during the conflict. The loss of the Mendi occupies a special place in South African military history. Prevented from being trained as fighting troops by their own Government, the men of the SANLC hoped that their contribution to the war effort would lead to greater civil rights and economic opportunities in the new white-ruled nation of South African after the war. These hopes proved unfounded, and the Mendi became a focus of black resistance before and during the Apartheid era in South Africa. One hundred years on, the wreck of the Mendi is a physical symbol of black South Africans’ long fight for social and political justice and equality and is one of a very select group of historic shipwrecks from which contemporary political and social meaning can be drawn. The wreck of the SS Mendi is now recognised as one of England’s most important First World War heritage assets and the wreck site is listed under the Protection of Military Remains Act. New archaeological investigation has provided real and direct information about the wreck for the first time. The loss of the Mendi is used to highlight the story of the SANLC and other labour corps as well as the wider treatment of British imperial subjects in wartime. And the political, social and cultural repercussions of the sinking are brought up to date with a new archaeological perspective.Trade ReviewGribble and Scott attempt to untangle truth from myth. Their research is thorough. The story is well told; it is an absorbing read. -- Sir Tim Laurence * Navy News, Feb 2017 *Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. The Story of WW1 labour 3. South Africa and the outbreak of WW1 4. The birth of the SANLC 5. Native labour for France 6. The SANLC goes to France 7. Seaward the Great Ships 8. The last voyage of the Mendi 9. Aftermath and enquiry 10. Dyobha – the man and the myth 11. Foreign labour on the Western Front 12. The SANLC experiment ends 13. An archaeological insight

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Book SynopsisThe Ottoman Empire was the only great European Muslim power and was at one time the most serious threat to European Christendom. Yet, by the turn of the nineteenth century, it was a crumbling power that, paradoxically, retained a strong military force. The Well-Protected Domains examines this anomaly, showing how the late Ottoman state grappled with the challenges of the modernity then changing the world. Selim Deringil traces the Ottoman state's pursuit of egitimation in many spheres of public life: state ceremonial, the iconography of buildings, the honours system, the language of the chancery, the proto- nationalist reformulation of Islamic legal practices, the efforts to inculcate the idea of 'Ottoman citizenry' through an expanded education system and the efforts of the Ottoman elite to present a 'civilized' image abroad. Based on unexplored sources in the Ottoman archives, The Well-Protected Domains brings to life the Hamidian period and provides readers with a unique view of the workings of the late Ottoman Empire.Trade Review'Selim Deringil's study of the Ottoman Empire's view of itself during its final half century gave me unalloyed pleasure. Elegantly written and impeccably researched ... {it} stands head and shoulders above anything I have seen in recent years on contemporary Turkey.' - David Barchard, CornucopiaTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Map Introduction ‘Long Live the Sultan!’: Symbolism and Power in the Hamidian Regime The Ottomanization of the Seriat ‘To Enjoin the Good and to Forbid Evil’: Conversion and Ideological Reinforcement Education: the Answer to all Evil? ‘They Confuse and Excite Minds’: The Missionary Problem. Ottoman Image Management and Damage Control The Ottoman ‘Self Portrait’ Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Scramble for Africa in the 1880s showed European interest in Africa at its most intense and today evokes a picture of the great European powers engaged in a frantic struggle for supremacy and for control of Africa and its resources. Eve Pollecoff here tells the story of Otto Markus - 'Pioneer Merchant Trader' - who established his East African Trading Company in the wake of growing British interest in East Africa: especially Kenya and Uganda. The influence of Markus's company stretched from East Africa to Europe, and to the USA and Brazil, embracing skins and hides, domestic goods, agricultural produce and the Ford Motor Company agency. The company survived two world wars, waves of anti-Semitism in Europe, and pioneered staple crops for which Africa became famous, especially cotton and coffee. Pollecoff paints an impressive portrait of Otto Markus as a dynamic international entrepreneur, the focus of a large and traditional family, and, above all, the embodiment - perhaps unwittingly - of informal empire.Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1 - Beginnings Chapter 2 - The Start of his Career Chapter 3 - And so to Africa Chapter 4 - First Up Country Trip Chapter 5 - First Journeys to Uganda Chapter 6 - Uganda Safaris and Discoveries Chapter 7 - The Trading Start 1904 to 1914 Chapter 8 - Personal Interlude Chapter 9 - Rudl’s 23 Month Congo Journey Chapter 10 - Final Pre 1914 War Developments Chapter 11 - The First World War Chapter 12 - Post War and Peace Chapter 13 - The Second East African Start Chapter 14 - Coffee Chapter 15 - The Inter War Years Chapter 16 - The Final Years Chapter 17 - Conclusion

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Book SynopsisFar from having to 'scram from Africa' following the abandonment of her 'East of Suez' role, and despite the problems of Mau Mau, and the even the Suez debacle on a larger international stage, Britain continued to vigorously pursue imperial African interests. And Kenya was centre-stage. Much scholarship has been devoted to the Emergency (1952-60), fear of a post-Mau Mau civil war, de-colonization and setting up independent Kenya but little on British policy in pursuing her vital interests beyond independence. "Britain, Kenya and the Cold War", shows Britain maintaining her strategic priorities in Kenya - cultivating the moderate Kenyatta government, giving up the unacceptable colonial army base, but retaining military camps, rights of overflying, staging and training, and arming and training the Kenyan military, including internal security. Kenyan de-colonization and British defence interests were intimately linked and vital within the context of the Cold War and East-West regional rivalry.Trade Review'David Percox tells us, for the first time, and from intimate, previously secret, primary sources, the fascinating early history of this military relationship between Britain and Kenya. Kenya was never merely a 'Happy Valley' of aristocratic white settlement. In the First World War it was the base from which the Kaiser was driven out of East Africa and, in the Second, from which Mussolini was ejected from Ethiopia. The British army re-learned its guerrilla tactics in order to defeat Mau Mau in Kenya's forests, and looked to a Kenya base for conducting an 'East of Suez' strategy during the Cold War. No wonder the British protected and armed the man they had most feared, Jomo Kenyatta, erstwhile 'leader to darkness and death' transformed into robust Cold War ally. Percox ends this first-rate study by giving neo-colonialism a precise, ironic, and martial meaning.' - John Lonsdale, Emeritus Professor of Modern African History, University of Cambridge; 'The historical study of Kenya's decolonization, always a popular topic in African historiography, has reached a new stage... David Percox, drawing on newly accessible colonial records at the British Public Record Office and concentrating on defence and security issues, argues that the pathway to the transfer of power was far from the orderly one that recent historical studies have proposed.' - Robert Tignor, Rosengarten Professor of Modern and Contemporary History, Princeton UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction Defence and Internal Security, 1945-52 British Counter-Insurgency in Kenya, 1952-6 East Africa, East of Suez, 1956-7 East Africa, East of Suez II, 1957-9 Internal Security and Decolonisation, 1956-9 Internal Security and Decolonisation II, 1959-65 Defence and Decolonisation, 1956-65 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisFocussing on the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA), A Revolutionary History delivers a fresh perspective on the ambitions, ideologies and practices of this influential organisation, formed by Chandrashekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh and inspired by transnational anti-imperial dissent. It is a new interpretation of the activities and political impact of the north Indian revolution- aries who advocated the use of political violence against the British. Kama Maclean contends that the actions of these revolutionaries had a direct impact on Congress politics and tested its policy of non- violence. In doing so she draws on visual culture studies, demonstrating the efficacy of imagery in constructing - as opposed to merely illustrating - historical narratives. Maclean analyses visual evidence alongside recently declassified government files, memoirs and interviews to elabo- rate on the complex relationships between the Congress and the HSRA, which were far less an- tagonistic than is frequently imagined.

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Book SynopsisIn the last decade an Iraqi Army and an Afghan National Army were created entirely from scratch, the founding of which was deemed to be a crucial measure for the establishment of security and the withdrawal of Western forces from Iraq and Afghanistan. Raising new armies is always problematic, especially during an insurgency, but doing so outside the sovereignty of one's own state raises questions of legality, concerns about their conduct and the risk of an over-empowered local military. The recruitment of proxies, including former insurgents, or the arming of local fighters and auxiliaries, levies and militias, may also exacerbate an internal security situation. In seeking answers to this conundrum Rob Johnson turns to history. His book sets out how recruitment of local auxiliaries was an essential component of European colonialism, and how, in the transfer of power and security at the end of that colonial era, the raising of local forces using existing Western models became the norm. He then offers a comprehensive survey of the post-colonial legacy, particularly the recent utilisation of surrogates and auxiliaries, the work of embedded training teams, and mentoring. Rob Johnson is Departmental Lecturer in the History of War, University of Oxford, and author of The Afghan Way of War: Culture and Pragmatism, A Critical History, published by Hurst.Trade Review‘Rob Johnson is becoming a familiar figure in this Journal’s reviews, and deservedly so . . . this is a well-written, almost magisterial treatment of a complex subject.’ 'This extraordinarily rich, detailed and nuanced volume should be required reading in Western militaries.''An important and highly significant book on "burden-sharing" by Western military powers through the hiring of local allies -- at once relevant for history and for current military affairs. Johnson argues forcefully that Western governments’ assumption that they can achieve their aims with airpower and local forces alone is deeply misguided.' -- Jeremy Black, Professor of History, University of Exeter'"True to Their Salt" is an ambitious "grand narrative? treatment of the nature and experience of indigenous forces recruited by Western powers during the days of empire, and more recently. Embracing a diverse range of case studies, it offers a unique overview that will make it a standard work of reference.' -- Ashley Jackson, Professor of Imperial and Military History, King’s College London; author of 'The British Empire: A Very Short Introduction''In a major work Johnson sets out a provocative and compelling case for the use of indigenous forces as a 'force multiplier' in contemporary military operations but as he admonishes, only if we understand the pull/push forces that lead men to enlist, and only if we have the cultural knowledge that will allow us to make the most of this untapped cultural capital.' -- Christopher Coker, Professor of International Relations, London School of Economics and Political Science; author of Rebooting Clausewitz: ‘On War’ in the Twenty-First Century'This book should be read by anyone -- politician, general, journalist or scholar -- who thinks that the current Western approach to conflict in the Middle East is going to result in the stabilisation of the region and the strengthening of allied governments. Johnson expertly dissects how local auxiliaries, Western special forces and airstrikes will not lead to a promised land without a greater investment in understanding the host societies in which the West is trying to operate. An excellent read.' -- Mike Martin, author of 'An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict'‘Densely researched and very well documented . . . provides a sharp analysis of the recruitment, deployment, and devolution of local forces in often unorthodox war contexts and security situations.’

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Book SynopsisA number of studies of colonial Lahore in recent years have explored such themes as the city's modernity, its cosmopolitanism and the rise of communalism which culminated in the bloodletting of 1947. This first synoptic history moves away from the prism of the Great Divide of 1947 to examine the cultural and social connections which linked colonial Lahore with North India and beyond. In contrast to portrayals of Lahore as inward looking and a world unto itself, the authors argue that imperial globalisation intensified long established exchanges of goods, people and ideas. Ian Talbot and Tahir Kamran's book is reflective of concerns arising from the global history of Empire and the new urban history of South Asia. These are addressed thematically rather than through a conventional chronological narrative, as the book uncovers previously neglected areas of Lahore's history, including the links between Lahore's and Bombay's early film industries and the impact on the 'tourist gaze' of the consump--tion of both text and visual representation of India in newsreels and photographs.Trade Review'Colonial Lahore breathes new life into this city's recent history, bringing the local into direct and often intimate conversation with the global, and vice versa. It transforms our appreciation of Lahore's unique past, in effect sealing the city's credentials as one of South Asia's most important, if often overlooked, zones of interaction in the era of imperial globalisation.' * Sarah Ansari, Professor of History, Royal Holloway, University of London *'A very rich account of colonial Lahore, essential for understanding the place of the city in South Asia's past. It shows the great diversity and complexity of the city Lahore, and importantly, how it stood at the very heart of imperial connections and networks across the empire.' * Yasmin Khan, University Lecturer (Associate Professor) in British History, author of The Great Partition: the Making of India and Pakistan *'Talbot . . . has become the preeminent scholar of the history of Punjab both before and after independence in 1947... [an] informative . . . superb contribution'. 'Talbot and Kamran have made one of the first scholarly attempts to explore the social, cultural, and, to some extent, the economic, life of Lahore — one of the world's great cities, known to some as the 'Paris of the East'. Focussing on the colonial period, they make good use of evidence ranging from tourist guidebooks to newspaper advertisements. They also succeed in placing the city at the centre of a web of connections reaching out to the great cities of India – Calcutta, Delhi, Bombay and Karachi, but also to Afghanistan, Arabia, Europe and North America. The love which Talbot and Kamran have for Lahore is evident throughout.' * Francis Robinson, Professor of the History of South Asia, Royal Holloway, University of London *'This is a must read book by two leading specialists on Punjab history, providing a wonderfully rich introduction into the character and cosmopolitanism of Lahore under the raj. The volume is clearly written, well researched, and joy to read. It should be of great interest to the specialist and generalist alike.' * Gurharpal Singh, Professor in Inter-Religious Relations and Development, SOAS, University of London *

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