Cognitivism, cognitive theory Books

Book SynopsisMinds, Brains, and Computers presents a vital resource -- the most comprehensive interdisciplinary selection of seminal papers in the foundations of cognitive science, from leading figures in artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience.Trade Review"This anthology features papers that are historically important to cognitive science, giving about equal billing to symbolic, connectionist, and neuroscience viewpoints. Although the papers convey some key findings, their strong point is clarifying assumptions that underlie these three perspectives. Students will find this a valuable sourcebook for the major research traditions." Lance Rips, Northwestern UniversityTable of ContentsPreface viii Part I The Mind as Computer 1 Introduction 3 1. A History of Thinking 8 D. Dellarosa Cummins 2. Minds and Machines20 H. Putnam 3. Semantic Engines: An Introduction to Mind Design 34 J. Haugeland 4. The Language of Thought: First Approximations 51 J. A. Fodor 5. Vision 69 D. Marr 6. GPS, A Program that Simulates Human Thought 84 A. Newell and H. Simon 7. A Procedural Model of Language Understanding 95 T. Winograd 8. A General Learning Theory and its Application to Schema Abstraction 114 J. R. Anderson and P. J. Kline, and C. M. Beasley, Jr 9. Minds, Brains, and Programs 140 J. R. Searle 10. Computing, Machinery, and Intelligence 153 M. Turing Part II The Mind as Neural Network 169 Introduction 171 11. The Perceptron A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brian 179 F. Rosenblatt 12. Cognitive Activity in Artificial Neural Networks 198 P. M. Churchland 13. Cooperative Computation of Stereo Disparity 217 D. Marr and T. Poggio 14. On Learning the Past Tenses of English Verbs 225 D. E. Rumelhart and J. L. McClelland 15. Parallel Networks that Learn to Pronounce English Text 259 T. J. Sejnowski and C. R. Rosenberg 16. Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity Why Smolensky's Solution Won't Work 273 J. A. Fodor and B. P. McLaughlin 17. Connectionism, Constituency, and the Language of Thought 286 P. Smolensky 18. Rules and Connections in Human Language 307 S. Pinker and A. Prince Part III The Mind as Brain 319 Introduction 321 19. The Organization of Behavior 323 D. O. Hebb 20. In Search of the Engram 333 K. Lashley 21. A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity 351 W. S. McCulloch and W. H. Pitts 22. Is Consciousness a Brain Process? 361 U. T. Place 23. The Computational Brain: Anatomical and Physiological Techniques 367 P. S. Churchland and T. J. Sejnowski 24. What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain 382 J. Y. Lettvin, H. K. Maturana, W. S. McCulloch, and W. H. Pitts 25. Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of the Cortical Anatomy of Single-word Processing 397 S. E. Petersen, P. T. Fox, M. I. Posner, M. Minton, and M. E. Raichle 26. Computational Neuroscience 405 T. J. Sejnowski, C. Koch, and P. S. Churchland 27. Two Cortical Visual Systems 420 L. G. Ungerleider and M. Mishkin Part IV Special Topics 445 Introduction 447 28. Recent Contributions to the Theory of Innate Ideas 452 N. Chomsky 29. The 'Innateness Hypothesis' and the Explanatory Models in Linguistics 458 H. Putnam 30. Linguistics and Philosophy 464 N. Chomsky 31. Initial Knowledge Six Suggestions 484 E. Spelke 32. Précis of the Modularity of Mind 493 J. A. Fodor 33. Eliminative Materialism and the Propositional Attitudes 500 P. M. Churchland 34. The Social Function of Intellect 513 N. Humphrey 35. Origins of Domain Specificity: The Evolution of Functional Organization 523 L. Cosmides and J. Tooby Index 544

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the concept of information sharing as an area of cognitive science, defining it as the process by which speakers depend on "given" information to convey "new" information - an idea crucial to language engineering. Where previous work in information sharing was often fragmented between different disciplines, this volume brings together theoretical and applied work and joins computational contributions with papers based on analyses of language corpora and on psycholinguistic experimentation.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the concept of information sharing as an area of cognitive science, defining it as the process by which speakers depend on "given" information to convey "new" information - an idea crucial to language engineering. Where previous work in information sharing was often fragmented between different disciplines, this volume brings together theoretical and applied work and joins computational contributions with papers based on analyses of language corpora and on psycholinguistic experimentation.

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Book SynopsisThe past 20 years have witnessed an ever-increasing number of interdisciplinay research collaborations as computer scientists, logicians, linguists, philosophers, and psychologists all explore the same question: how can logic illuminate the nature of information? This collection covers active research areas at the interface of logic, computer science, and linguistics: process logics, formal semantics, language processing, and a new area where all three meet - the study of images and graphics as information carriers, and the diagrammatic reasoning supported by them.

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Book SynopsisThe Mind's Affective Life is a refreshing and innovative examination of the relationship between feeling and thinking. Our thoughts and behaviour are shaped by both our emotions and reason; yet until recently most of the literature analysing thought has concentrated largely on philosophical reasoning and neglected emotions. This book is an original and provocative contribution to the rapidly growing literature on the neglected "affective" dimensions of modern thought. The author draws on contemporary psychoanalysis, philosophy, feminist theory and recent innovations in neuroscience to argue that in order to to understand thought, we need to consider not only both emotional and rational aspects of thought but also the complex interactions between these different aspects. Only through such a rich and complicated understanding of modern thought can we hope to avoid what the author identifies as a significant contemporary problems for individuals and cultures; that is, suppression or denial of intolerable states of feeling.The Mind's Affective Life will appeal to and inspire students and practitioners of philosophy, psychoanalysis, psychotherapy and women's studies. It will also be of great interest to anyone interested in the interaction of feeling and thinking.Trade Review'... a major contribution to the neglected subject of human feelings' - Arnold H. Modell, Harvard Medical School'This book is a remarkable contribution to an understanding of the role of affects in the construction and survival of psychic life' - Joyce McDougall, Member of the New York Freudian Society`Professor Fiumara's rich, detailed, thoughtful analysis both enriches and sharpens the reader's understanding of a complex and highly actual subject of psychoanalytic and philosophical inquiry' - Otto Kernberg, President, International Psychoanalytic AssociationTable of ContentsThe Fragility of "Pure Reason". From Philosophy to Epistemophily. Thinking Affects. A Passion for Reason. Minding the Body. The "Terminology" of Affects. Affective Knowledge. The Price of Maturity. Toward Effective Literacy. Affects and Narratives. Affects and Identity. Affects and Indifference.

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Book SynopsisCognitive psychology deals with information processing, and includes a variety of thinking processes including perception, attention, memory, knowledge representation, categorisation, language, problem-solving, reasoning, and judgement. It is also concerned with the structures and representations involved in cognition. Cognitive psychology has significant applications of all areas of human endeavour. It is also the subject of intensive study when applied to health and ageing in the absence of a significant health problem as well as education and human-computer interaction. Other examples are eyewitness memory, autobiographical memory, spatial cognition, skill training, suggestibility , expertise and skilled behaviour.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents new research on cognitive science which is most simply defined as the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence. It is an interdisciplinary study drawing from relevant fields including psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics, anthropology, computer science, biology, and physics. There are several approaches to the study of cognitive science. These approaches may be classified broadly as symbolic, connectionist, and dynamic systems. Symbolic holds that cognition can be explained using operations on symbols, by means of explicit computational theories and models of mental (but not brain) processes analogous to the workings of a digital computer. Connectionist (subsymbolic) holds that cognition can only be modelled and explained by using artificial neural networks on the level of physical brain properties. Hybrid systems hold that cognition is best modelled using both connectionist and symbolic models, and possibly other computational techniques. Dynamic Systems hold that cognition can be explained by means of a continuous dynamical system in which all the elements are interrelated, like the Watt Governor. The essential questions of cognitive science seem to be: What is intelligence? and How is it possible to model it computationally?

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Book SynopsisCognitive science is most simply defined as the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence. It is an interdisciplinary study drawing from relevant fields including psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, linguistics, anthropology, computer science, and biology. This book presents the latest important research in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the latest research in cognitive psychology which is a school of thought in psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism. Cognitive psychologists are interested in how people understand, diagnose, and solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus and response. Cognitive theory contends that solutions to problems take the form of algorithms -- rules that are not necessarily understood but promise a solution, or heuristics -- rules that are understood but that do not always guarantee solutions. In other instances, solutions may be found through insight, a sudden awareness of relationships.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each chapter has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial advances across a broad spectrum.

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Book SynopsisCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach to solving problems concerning dysfunctional emotions, behaviours and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic procedure. It derives from theories of learning and memory. In this book, the study of the application, methods and outcomes of CBT are discussed. Topics include the school-based, cognitive-behavioural interventions of anxiety disorders, depression and obesity; cognitive processes in animals; CBT treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and CBT in ego-dystonicity and eating disorders.

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Book SynopsisIntegrative tools for healing the traumatized mind and body • Combines cutting-edge Western cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and ancient Eastern wisdom to heal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) • Teaches Kundalini yoga practices specifically designed to reset parts of the brain and body affected by PTSD • Presents a fast-acting, holistic, evidence-based, and drug-free program for eliminating PTSD symptoms and restoring health, vitality, and joy Trauma, the Greek word for “wound,” is the most common form of suffering in the world today. An inescapable part of living, the bad things that happen to us always leave aftereffects in both body and mind. While many people experience these aftereffects and move on, millions of others develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)--a painful, chronic, and debilitating barrier to happiness.Reclaiming Life after Trauma addresses both the physical and psychological expressions of PTSD, presenting an integrative, fast-acting, evidence-based, and drug-free path to recovery. Authors Daniel Mintie, LCSW, and Julie K. Staples, Ph.D., begin with an overview of PTSD and the ways in which it changes our bodies and minds. They present research findings on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and yoga, giving the reader insights into how these powerful modalities can counteract and reverse the physical and mental aftereffects of trauma. Trade Review“A valuable and inspiring contribution to the treatment of the post-traumatic stress that pains and limits so many of us. Well researched, clearly written, and practical.” * James S. Gordon, M.D., founder and executive director of the Center for Mind-Body Medicine *“All of us have experienced trauma in our lives, and some of it limits our ability to enjoy life to its fullest potential. Reclaiming Life after Trauma presents a host of proven Western and Eastern approaches that are explained in easy-to-understand language and backed by well-referenced science and decades of experience by the authors. Whether you are aware of your emotional limitations or suffer from established PTSD, this book is an important guide for your path to a vibrant and full life.” * Leonard A. Wisneski, M.D., F.A.C.P., author of The Scientific Basis of Integrative Health *“Reclaiming Life after Trauma is a phenomenal work. It explains PTSD in a straightforward, understandable yet thorough way. Mintie and Staples offer practical strategies for overcoming trauma symptoms. The book validates the pervasive consequences of trauma on the mind and the body, contains stories of patients we can relate to, and conveys hope that we can reverse many of trauma’s effects. The inclusion of yoga therapy addresses the crucial physical aspects of this complex disorder. Reclaiming Life after Trauma is destined to become a classic in the field of trauma treatment.” * Jacob Towery, M.D., author of The Anti-Depressant Book *“Reclaiming Life after Trauma combines cognitive-behavioral therapy and yoga therapy. The authors show how frameworks stemming from Western and Eastern systems can be integrated to inform a powerful biopsychosocial approach to the management of trauma. The book is theoretically grounded yet contains many practical tools and techniques that can be readily applied by the reader. A most-significant contribution to the field of integrative health care and trauma management.” * Laura Schmalzl, Ph.D., associate professor at Southern California University of Health Sciences *“A brilliantly presented book on the most debilitating health issues of the twentyfirst century: trauma and PTSD. Reclaiming Life after Trauma is a road map to rewiring the brain and embodying wellness. A well-timed book, I can confidently affirm that it will have a remarkable positive impact on people’s lives.” * Hakima Amri, Ph.D., Avicenna’s Medicine *“To recover from trauma is to awaken the seed of resilience inherent within each of us and to stabilize our renewed inner experience with supportive habits into a new way of being. The practice of yoga and meditation with cognitive-behavioral therapy forms an effective partnership to engage the physiological and structural aspects of the body and identify thought patterns that keep us in the past. Reclaiming Life after Trauma skillfully shows us that no matter what the source of the trauma, post-traumatic growth and full recovery are within reach.” * Shanti Shanti Kaur Khalsa, Ph.D. *“Integrating cognitive behavioral therapy with Kundalini Yoga, Mintie and Staples weave the wisdom of both disciplines to effectively reduce suffering present with trauma. Practical strategies engage the reader to increase his or her awareness of maladaptive thinking patterns and create impact on his or her own pain patterns. Breathwork and go-to steps encourage participation. Case studies illustrate the process of change, including stumbling blocks met along the way. Well referenced yet easily understood. This is important information to be shared with professionals and the general public alike.” * Judith Pentz, M.D., integrative psychiatrist *“In this wise and compassionate book, the authors offer a clear, practical, stepby-step guide for those with PTSD who wish to find a path to joy, hope, and freedom from suffering. Grounded in research based on their wealth of professional experience and integrating key tenets, strategies, and principles from both cognitive-behavioral therapy and Kundalini Yoga, their innovative program includes a range of simple but powerful tools, which can be used either at home or in a therapeutic setting. Although specifically designed for those who have experienced trauma, this program would be beneficial to anyone seeking to lead a more joyful, peaceful, and fulfilling life. The book is a wonderful read, eloquently written and deftly interwoven with compelling stories of men and women who have used the tools of this program to transform their lives.” * Kim Innes, M.S.P.H., Ph.D, associate professor at West Virginia University School of Public Health *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1 Roots of the Problem 2 Embodied Stress 3 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 4 The Hidden Wisdom of Symptoms 5 Rewire Your Brain 6 Belief: The Heart of the Matter 7 Yoga: Embodied Wellness 8 Sleep Well 9 The Road Forward Notes Bibliography Index About the Authors

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Book SynopsisConsciousness is a phenomenon that puzzled many thinkers of the past in disparate fields, including theology, literature, art and philosophy, and continues to be a hot topic of debate at present. However, in the last few decades, the change of paradigm brought by cognitive psychology and the emergence of new techniques, which allowed the in vivo study of the human brain, have made the investigation of consciousness a respectable field of scientific research. This book discusses social perspectives of consciousness, as well as provides current research on psychological approaches.

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Book SynopsisCogito, ergo sum. (""I think, therefore I am."") When Descartes quipped this, he erroneously split thinking from feeling. He assumed thoughts emerge from a substance other than feeling. This is a historic tragedy, and it is unnecessary. It brings us to a risky end-game. When we attempt to meld preconceived thought with evoked feelings, we come to the craft of ""spin doctors."" Instead, there is a natural path for connecting thinking and feeling. It involves emotional reflection at the time that understandings are created.This book draws attention to a form of dialogue which is called design dialogue. Design dialogue constructs new meaning from the bottom up. Individuals construct new meanings through individual thinking. In design dialogue, meaning results from group thinking. Group thinking is not as simple as thinking individually while being present within a group. The design process results in a series of co-constructed learning artifacts which, ultimately, constitute a new understanding. The process is concurrently emotional and cognitive, and melding emotion and cognition is achievable with effective design dialogue methods.The first chapter introduces emotion as the catalyst for considering questions, persisting in reflection, and concluding a cycle of thought. This chapter fills in gaps with the treatment of emotion and cognition. The second chapter lays out the sequence of observation-taking, sensemaking, meaning-making, and perspective-taking that are essential steps in thinking. Frameworks for thinking in educational traditions focus not so much on the neurological mechanics of the thought process but rather on the overall internalization of a ""way"" of understanding things. A third chapter presents a methodology for managing a design dialogue. Group facilitators generally invent and modify their own approaches for leading design projects. This chapter presents a codified approach that offers an advantage of supporting continuous improvement of complex design management methodology. And the final chapter considers the emergence of a sapient group-mind through the agency of design dialogue. This conjectured group-mind is considered in the context of the civic infrastructure that is needed to sustain the continual growth of the human superorganism structure.As humanity has moved from tribes, to cities, to institutions, and now to globally connected networks, each leap forward has been accompanied by profound changes in social practices and belief systems. Recent findings from the field of cognitive science have confirmed a suspicion that we have long held about each other. Individual thinking is biased and flawed. Inclusive and democratically managed discussion, deliberation and design all help to identify and dampen flawed understandings. The individual mind, an essential ingredient in the human spirit, is now, as a matter of practical necessity, bending to the wisdom of a well-informed group mind. The speed and strength of newly emerging social forces and evolving civic trends point to the conclusion that we are on the threshold for a new way of being. This book seeks to evoke reflection on how we can start communicating in a way that prepares us for life in that new future.Table of Contents Introduction Preface Prologue Chapter 1: Emotions of the Mind: Confusion, Coherence, and Confidence Chapter 2: Thinking as a Group: Observation-Making, Sense-Making, Meaning-Making and Decision-Making Chapter 3: Enabling a Conscious Group Mind: Design Dialogue Chapter 4: Institutionalizing Group Minds: Building New Civic Learning Capacities Chapter 5: Epilogue: The Crisis of Our Age

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Book SynopsisCogito, ergo sum. (""I think, therefore I am."") When Descartes quipped this, he erroneously split thinking from feeling. He assumed thoughts emerge from a substance other than feeling. This is a historic tragedy, and it is unnecessary. It brings us to a risky end-game. When we attempt to meld preconceived thought with evoked feelings, we come to the craft of ""spin doctors."" Instead, there is a natural path for connecting thinking and feeling. It involves emotional reflection at the time that understandings are created.This book draws attention to a form of dialogue which is called design dialogue. Design dialogue constructs new meaning from the bottom up. Individuals construct new meanings through individual thinking. In design dialogue, meaning results from group thinking. Group thinking is not as simple as thinking individually while being present within a group. The design process results in a series of co-constructed learning artifacts which, ultimately, constitute a new understanding. The process is concurrently emotional and cognitive, and melding emotion and cognition is achievable with effective design dialogue methods.The first chapter introduces emotion as the catalyst for considering questions, persisting in reflection, and concluding a cycle of thought. This chapter fills in gaps with the treatment of emotion and cognition. The second chapter lays out the sequence of observation-taking, sensemaking, meaning-making, and perspective-taking that are essential steps in thinking. Frameworks for thinking in educational traditions focus not so much on the neurological mechanics of the thought process but rather on the overall internalization of a ""way"" of understanding things. A third chapter presents a methodology for managing a design dialogue. Group facilitators generally invent and modify their own approaches for leading design projects. This chapter presents a codified approach that offers an advantage of supporting continuous improvement of complex design management methodology. And the final chapter considers the emergence of a sapient group-mind through the agency of design dialogue. This conjectured group-mind is considered in the context of the civic infrastructure that is needed to sustain the continual growth of the human superorganism structure.As humanity has moved from tribes, to cities, to institutions, and now to globally connected networks, each leap forward has been accompanied by profound changes in social practices and belief systems. Recent findings from the field of cognitive science have confirmed a suspicion that we have long held about each other. Individual thinking is biased and flawed. Inclusive and democratically managed discussion, deliberation and design all help to identify and dampen flawed understandings. The individual mind, an essential ingredient in the human spirit, is now, as a matter of practical necessity, bending to the wisdom of a well-informed group mind. The speed and strength of newly emerging social forces and evolving civic trends point to the conclusion that we are on the threshold for a new way of being. This book seeks to evoke reflection on how we can start communicating in a way that prepares us for life in that new future.Table of Contents Introduction Preface Prologue Chapter 1: Emotions of the Mind: Confusion, Coherence, and Confidence Chapter 2: Thinking as a Group: Observation-Making, Sense-Making, Meaning-Making and Decision-Making Chapter 3: Enabling a Conscious Group Mind: Design Dialogue Chapter 4: Institutionalizing Group Minds: Building New Civic Learning Capacities Chapter 5: Epilogue: The Crisis of Our Age

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Book SynopsisResearchers from different disciplines (e.g., physiological, psychological, philosophical) have investigated motivation using multiple approaches. For example, in physiology (the scientific study of the normal function in living systems such as biology), researchers may use “electrical and chemical stimulation of the brain, the recording of electrical brain-wave activity with the electroencephalograph, and lesion techniques, where a portion of the brain (usually of a laboratory animal) is destroyed and subsequent changes in motivation are noted” (Petri & Cofer, 2017). Physiological studies mainly conducted with animals, other than humans, have revealed the significance of particular brain structures in the control of fundamental motives such as hunger, thirst, sex, aggression, and fear. In psychology, researchers may study the individuals’ behaviors to understand their actions. In sociology, researchers may examine how individuals’ interactions influence their behavior. For instance, in the classroom students and teachers behave in expected ways, which may differ when they are outside the classroom. Saracho (2003) examined the students’ academic achievement when they matched or mismatched their teachers’ way of thinking. She identified both the teachers and students individual differences and defined consistencies in their cognitive processes. In philosophy, researchers can study the individuals’ theoretical position such as supporting Maslow’s (1943) concept that motivation can create behaviors that augments motivation in the future. Abraham H. Maslow’s theory of self-actualization supports this theoretical position (Petri & Cofer, 2017).These areas and others are represented in this volume. This volume is devoted to understanding mutual and contemporary themes in the individuals’ motivation and its relationship to cognition. The current literature covers several methods to the multifaceted relationships between motivational and cognitive processes. Comprehensive reviews of the literature focus on prominent cognitive perspectives on motivation with young children, which includes ages from birth to eight years of age. The chapters in this special volume review and critically analyze the literature on several aspects of the relationships between motivational and cognitive processes and demonstrates the breadth and theoretical effectiveness of this domain. This brief introduction acknowledges the valuable contributions of these chapters to the study of human motivation. This volume can be a valuable tool to researchers who are conducting studies in the motivation field. It focuses on important contemporary issues on motivation in early childhood education (ages 0 to 8) to provide the information necessary to make judgments about these issues. It also motivates and guides researchers to explore gaps in the motivation literature.Table of Contents Part I: Motivation in Early Childhood Education. Part II: Academic Achievement. Part III: Mastery Motivation. Part IV: Social Motivation. Part V: Conclusion

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Book SynopsisResearchers from different disciplines (e.g., physiological, psychological, philosophical) have investigated motivation using multiple approaches. For example, in physiology (the scientific study of the normal function in living systems such as biology), researchers may use “electrical and chemical stimulation of the brain, the recording of electrical brain-wave activity with the electroencephalograph, and lesion techniques, where a portion of the brain (usually of a laboratory animal) is destroyed and subsequent changes in motivation are noted” (Petri & Cofer, 2017). Physiological studies mainly conducted with animals, other than humans, have revealed the significance of particular brain structures in the control of fundamental motives such as hunger, thirst, sex, aggression, and fear. In psychology, researchers may study the individuals’ behaviors to understand their actions. In sociology, researchers may examine how individuals’ interactions influence their behavior. For instance, in the classroom students and teachers behave in expected ways, which may differ when they are outside the classroom. Saracho (2003) examined the students’ academic achievement when they matched or mismatched their teachers’ way of thinking. She identified both the teachers and students individual differences and defined consistencies in their cognitive processes. In philosophy, researchers can study the individuals’ theoretical position such as supporting Maslow’s (1943) concept that motivation can create behaviors that augments motivation in the future. Abraham H. Maslow’s theory of self-actualization supports this theoretical position (Petri & Cofer, 2017).These areas and others are represented in this volume. This volume is devoted to understanding mutual and contemporary themes in the individuals’ motivation and its relationship to cognition. The current literature covers several methods to the multifaceted relationships between motivational and cognitive processes. Comprehensive reviews of the literature focus on prominent cognitive perspectives on motivation with young children, which includes ages from birth to eight years of age. The chapters in this special volume review and critically analyze the literature on several aspects of the relationships between motivational and cognitive processes and demonstrates the breadth and theoretical effectiveness of this domain. This brief introduction acknowledges the valuable contributions of these chapters to the study of human motivation. This volume can be a valuable tool to researchers who are conducting studies in the motivation field. It focuses on important contemporary issues on motivation in early childhood education (ages 0 to 8) to provide the information necessary to make judgments about these issues. It also motivates and guides researchers to explore gaps in the motivation literature.Table of Contents Part I: Motivation in Early Childhood Education. Part II: Academic Achievement. Part III: Mastery Motivation. Part IV: Social Motivation. Part V: Conclusion

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Book SynopsisA fast and easy six-step approach for addressing insomnia and other sleep disorders. More than one third of adults suffer from insomnia or some other kind of sleep disorder. Left unaddressed, lack of sleep can lead to debilitated health, lowered resilience, and decreased performance in all aspects of life. Restoring hope to the sleepless, psychotherapist Philip Carr-Gomm reveals how we each have the ability to unlock better sleep naturally. Combining his knowledge of sleep science and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with techniques drawn from spiritual traditions and insights from the emerging field of psychedelic therapy, Carr-Gomm presents a fast and easy-to-follow six-step program to help you sleep better. He explores a multitude of approaches to sleep, as well as sleep difficulties and how to overcome them. He looks at the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapy and microdosing, applying elements of the psychedelic therapy model as a way of optimising the conditions for sleep. He recommends thirteen natural ways we can drift into a deep and restorative sleep, including hypnotherapy, Yoga Nidra, sophrology, progressive muscle relaxation, and white, pink, and grey noise, and provides scripts for five of these techniques. His successful sleep clinic provides online support in the form of short videos and audio meditations as well as exercises. Helping you get a better night’s sleep, this concise and simple guide shows you how to benefit from everything the night offers to body and soul.Trade Review“A must-read for all those who find good sleep elusive. Soundly based in contemporary sleep science—also a deeply practical approach.” * Vivianne Crowley, psychologist and author of Wicca *“An excellent short guide to sleep from a very welcome integral perspective with a wonderfully varied selection of approaches to try. My new go-to recommendation for clients and colleagues suffering from sleep difficulties.” * Stephen Decker, chartered psychologist and coeditor of Taking Children Seriously *“No one can officiate a marriage between mind and spirit better than Philip Carr-Gomm.” * Ruby Wax, actress and author of Sane New World and A Mindfulness Guide for the Frazzled *“A brilliant, important, and inspiring book that will be so helpful to so many people.” * Rosalind Watts, Ph.D., clinical psychologist and clinical lead for Imperial College London’s p *“Sleep is one of the great unsolved mysteries of neuroscience. We understand very little of either what it is or why we, or indeed almost every animal that has a central nervous system, do it. With so little hard science as to its nature, those of us who suffer from sleep disturbances must fall back on empirical methodologies that have been shown to work. Philip Carr-Gomm’s book is a practical guide to finding the peace that comes from returning to the patterns of sleep that energize our waking lives. I strongly commend it to you as a very practical and helpful guide.” * Peter Mobbs, professor emeritus and former dean of the faculty of life sciences and dean of preclini *“Philip Carr-Gomm’s message on how to access the power of the night for the world of healing, restorative sleeps, and dreams is of value and much needed. His six-step program provides practical and easy ways to fall asleep and to access your creative, healing dreams— an invaluable resource. I highly recommend The Gift of the Night!” * Machiel Klerk, author of Dream Guidance *“Sleep as a daily embodied spiritual practice! This workbook is a rare marriage of science and soul.” * David Peters, professor emeritus and cofounder and director of the Centre for Resilience at the Univ *“Philip Carr-Gomm presents a succinct but authoritative look at ways to help us sleep better. Science and spirituality are drawn upon equally, with inspiration and techniques coming via sophrology, yoga nidra, and the latest sleep research. The author even taps into the potential of psychedelic-assisted therapy, applying elements of the model as a way of optimizing the conditions for sleep. Accessible, practical, and endlessly thought-provoking, reading The Gift of the Night certainly won’t send you to sleep, but the rich content contained within should provide even the greatest insomniacs with plenty of new ways to finally drift off.” * Ian Roullier, cofounder of the Psychedelic Participant Advocacy Network (PsyPAN) and mental health a *“Philip Carr-Gomm has drawn on his own sleeping difficulties to create an integrative approach to tackling sleep issues. Although the problem is a simple one—we have difficulty sleeping well—the roots of it can be complex and multilayered. Philip draws on his training as a psychologist to help tackle these issues, combining the best of current scientific understanding with transpersonal approaches that help address wider holistic aspects of sleep disorder. Philip is highly trained in multiple disciplines (many of which contribute to the wide range of helpful suggestions in this book), but he wears his learning lightly. The book is written in a relaxed and conversational style: readers will feel as though they are being taken by the hand by a wise and helpful friend who can guide them toward a satisfying night’s sleep. I can’t recommend this book highly enough.” * Martin Treacy, chartered psychologist and cofounder of the British Psychological Society Transperson *Table of ContentsForeword by Kristen LaMarca, Ph.D., DBSM Introduction The Integrative Approach PART ONEThe Six-Step Program to Get You Sleeping Better Step 1: What Psychedelic Therapy Can Teach Us Step 2: Tune In Step 3: Optimize the Body Step 4: Prepare the Setting Step 5. Choose Your Medicine: Thirteen Ways to Get to Sleep 1. CBT-I: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia aka Behavioural Sleep Medicine 2. Sophrology 3. Hypnotherapy 4. The Silva Method 5. Yoga Nidra 6. Tapping: the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT)7. Progressive Muscle Relaxation8. The Autogenic Lateral Scan 9. The Power of Sound to Help You Sleep 10. Breathing11. Jin Shin Jyutsu 12. Havening 13. The Day Review Five Scripts to Practice With Step 6: Create Rituals PART TWO Almost Everything You’ve Ever Wanted to Know about SleepSleep FAQs & Troubleshooting Guide for a Good Night’s Sleep Afterword How I Developed the Six-Step ProgramNotes Resources Acknowledgements About the AuthorIndex

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Book SynopsisIn this second edition of CBT Made Simple, two renowned psychologists and experts in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) offer the most comprehensive manual available to help professionals learn CBT and deliver it to clients for better treatment outcomes.CBT is an evidence-based treatment for several mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anger problems. This simple, pragmatic guide offers everything you need to know about CBT: what it is, how it works, and how to implement it in session.This fully revised and updated second edition of CBT Made Simple provides a user-friendly, practical approach to learning CBT using up-to-the-minute teaching methods and learning tools—in particular, the “effective adult learning model,” which promotes interactive learning, experiential learning, and self-reflection. Each chapter presents key elements of CBT in clear, accessible language, and includes client dialogues and clinical examples. Practical exercises are incorporated throughout, enabling you to practice and consolidate your learning. In addition, each chapter mimics the structure of an actual CBT session.This new edition also includes the core components of CBT—core beliefs, intermediate beliefs, and behavioral experiments—to make this the most comprehensive CBT manual you’ll find anywhere.If you are a clinician or student interested in learning more about CBT, this book—part of the New Harbinger Made Simple series that includes ACT Made Simple and DBT Made Simple—has everything you need to hit the ground running. Why not make it a part of your professional library?

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Book SynopsisThe Creative Cognitive Therapy Method is a short-term, 10-session, solution-focused therapy combining cognitive-behavioural therapy with art therapy, designed to help people heal from a variety of issues affecting their mental health and overall wellbeing. This program helps people to stay focused, gain new perspectives and enhance their daily coping skills to reduce anxiety, addictive behaviours, depression and anger. The book includes a full overview of the Creative Cognitive Therapy Method and how to apply it, whether as a part of clinical practice or as self-help. Each of the 10 sessions is clearly laid out with quotes to inspire, goals, CBT interventions and their explanations, art therapy interventions, discussion questions, and easy-to-understand homework assignments. The Creative Cognitive Therapy Method provides people with the tools and mindset to individualize their healing and self-discovery to create lasting changes in their lives.

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Book SynopsisThis important collection examines the subject of cognitive economics - an interdisciplinary approach to the study of human problem solving, choice, decision making and change which explains economic transactions and the nature and evolution of organisations and institutions in an environment of structural uncertainty, scarcity and incentives.Cognitive economics is strongly linked with many other disciplines concerning choice, such as cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, philosophy, and the science of administration. This new approach is contributing to a wide range of economic fields such as consumer theory, economics of the firm, economics of innovation and evolutionary economics.These path-breaking volumes will be an indispensable tool for new research in the field of cognitive economics, and of particular interest to scholars of economics, psychology and philosophy.Trade Review'Economists have learned a great deal through the use of the optimising rationality paradigm (including quite a few things that ain't so). As the realization spreads that its usefulness has been pretty much exhausted, economists find themselves at long last turning to the study of how decisions are actually made. Cognitive economics is coming to the forefront. The two splendid volumes edited by Egidi and Rizzello not only collect the essential classics but also survey the present state of the field. The collection is especially valuable in its stress on the role of institutions in shaping what people learn (and what they retain) from experience. Cognitive economics carries the promise also of revitalising institutional economics.' -- Axel Leijonhufvud, University of Trento, ItalyTable of ContentsContents: Volume I Acknowledgements Introduction Massimo Egidi and Salvatore Rizzello PART I FORERUNNERS 1. Alfred Marshall (1867–8), ‘Ye Machine’, in Tizziano Raffaelli (1994), ‘Alfred Marshall’s Early Philosophical Writings’ 2. Carl Menger ([1963] 1985), ‘The Analogy Between Social Phenomena and Natural Organisms: Its Limits, and the Methodological Points of View for Social Research Resulting Therefrom’ 3. T.B. Veblen (1884), ‘Kant’s Critique of Judgment’ PART II SUBJECTIVISM, PERCEPTION, KNOWLEDGE 4. Michael Polanyi ([1958] 1973), ‘Articulation’ 5. Gary T. Dempsey (1996), ‘Hayek’s Terra Incognita of the Mind’ 6. Bruce Caldwell (1994), ‘Hayek’s Scientific Subjectivism’ 7. Barry Smith (1997), ‘The Connectionist Mind: A Study of Hayekian Psychology’ 8. Walter B. Weimer (1982), ‘Hayek’s Approach to the Problems of Complex Phenomena: An Introduction to the Theoretical Psychology of The Sensory Order’ 9. Gerald P. O’Driscoll, Jr. and Mario J. Rizzo (1985), ‘Knowledge and Decisions’ PART III MICROFOUNDATIONS AND DECISION MAKING 10. Herbert A. Simon (1997), ‘Rationality in Decision Making’ 11. Herbert A. Simon (1959), ‘Theories of Decision-Making in Economics and Behavioral Science’ 12. Herbert A. Simon (1972), ‘Theories of Bounded Rationality’ 13. Herbert A. Simon (1976), ‘From Substantive to Procedural Rationality’ 14. Maurice Allais ([1952] 1979), ‘The Foundations of a Positive Theory of Choice Involving Risk and a Criticism of the Postulates and Axioms of the American School’ and Table of Contents to ‘The So-Called Allais Paradox and Rational Decisions under Uncertainty’ 15. Herbert A. Simon and Allen Newell (1958), ‘Heuristic Problem Solving: The Next Advance in Operations Research’ 16. Allen Newell, J.C. Shaw and H.A. Simon (1958), ‘Chess-Playing Programs and the Problem of Complexity’ 17. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (1979), ‘Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk’ 18. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1986), ‘Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions’ 19. Bernard Walliser (1989), ‘Instrumental Rationality and Cognitive Rationality’ 20. Daniel Kahneman ([1994] 2000), ‘New Challenges to the Rationality Assumption’ 21. Herbert A. Simon (2000), ‘Bounded Rationality in Social Science: Today and Tomorrow’ Name Index Volume II Acknowledgements An introduction by the editors to both volumes appears in Volume I PART I ORGANIZATIONS AND TEAM DECISION MAKING 1. Kenneth E. Boulding (1956), ‘The Image in the Theory of Organization’ 2. James G. March and Herbert A. Simon (1958), ‘Cognitive Limits on Rationality’ 3. Michael Polanyi ([1958] 1973), ‘Skills’ 4. James G. March (1991), ‘Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning’ 5. James G. March (1991), ‘How Decisions Happen in Organizations’ 6. Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter (1982), ‘Skills’ and ‘Organizational Capabilities and Behavior’ 7. Michael D. Cohen and Paul Bacdayan (1994), ‘Organizational Routines Are Stored as Procedural Memory: Evidence from a Laboratory Study’ 8. Michael D. Cohen, Roger Burkhart, Giovanni Dosi, Massimo Egidi, Luigi Marengo, Massimo Warglien and Sidney Winter (1996), ‘Routines and Other Recurring Action Patterns of Organizations: Contemporary Research Issues’ 9. Massimo Egidi and Alessandro Narduzzo (1997), ‘The Emergence of Path-dependent Behaviors in Cooperative Contexts’ PART II CHANGE AND EVOLUTION 10. Stan Metcalfe (1989), ‘Evolution and Economic Change’ 11. John Foster (1993), ‘Economics and the Self-Organisation Approach: Alfred Marshall Revisited?’ 12. Ulrich Witt (1995), ‘Schumpeter vs. Hayek: Two Approaches to Evolutionary Economics’ 13. Massimo Egidi (1996), ‘“Creative Destruction” in Economic and Political Institutions’ 14. Ulrich Witt (1997), ‘Self-organization and Economics – What is New?’ 15. John Foster (1997), ‘The Analytical Foundations of Evolutionary Economics: From Biological Analogy to Economic Self-organization’ 16. Ulrich Witt (1998), ‘Imagination and Leadership – The Neglected Dimension of an Evolutionary Theory of the Firm’ 17. Salvatore Rizzello (2000), ‘Economic Change, Subjective Perception and Institutional Evolution’ PART III INSTITUTIONS 18. Richard N. Langlois (1986), ‘Rationality, Institutions, and Explanation’ 19. Richard N. Langlois (1985), ‘Knowledge and Rationality in the Austrian School: An Analytical Survey’ 20. Richard N. Langlois (1998), ‘Rule-Following, Expertise and Rationality: A New Behavioral Economics?’ 21. Douglass C. North (1990), ‘Organizations, Learning, and Institutional Change’, ‘Stability and Institutional Change’, ‘The Path of Institutional Change’ and ‘Institutions, Economic Theory, and Economic Performance’ 22. Arthur T. Denzau and Douglass C. North (1994), ‘Shared Mental Models: Ideologies and Institutions’ 23. Salvatore Rizzello and Margherita Turvani (2000), ‘Institutions Meet Mind: The Way out of an Impasse’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative text sheds light on how people work -- why they sometimes function well and, at other times, behave in ways that are self-defeating or destructive. The author presents her groundbreaking research on adaptive and maladaptive cognitive-motivational patterns and shows:* How these patterns originate in people's self-theories* Their consequences for the person -- for achievement, social relationships, and emotional well-being* Their consequences for society, from issues of human potential to stereotyping and intergroup relations* The experiences that create themThis outstanding text is a must-read for researchers in social psychology, child development, and education, and is appropriate for both graduate and senior undergraduate students in these areas.Trade Review"Based on extensive research with children and young adults, this book examines adaptive and maladaptive cognitive-motivational patterns and shows how these patterns originate in people's self theories; their consequences for one's achievment, social relationships, and emotional well-being; thier consequences for society; and the experiences that create these cognitive-motivational patterns." -- Resources inEducation"What we have here is no ordinary scholarly psychology volume. Ever so rarely, we are offered a psychology book that is so beautifully written, lucidly organized, and elegant in its description of ideas... I see many uses for this wonderful volume. Instead of having to put together a rather large stack of reprints to introduce students to her groundbreaking work, I now can refer them to something far better -- the author's view of how her work has developed over the years." -- Journal of Socialand Clinical Psychology"[This book] describes pathbreaking research in a style that is accessible to many audiences. It calls into question some of the most widely-held beliefs . . . about effective practices for maximizing children's self-confidence and learning." -- Deborah Stipek, UCLA"The book is central to basic issues in social, personality, and developmental psychology. Indeed, it is like a guided tour through the scenic terrain of Carol's fascinating program of research. The writing is lively and engaging and the organization is unusually clear. The examples are well-chosen and intuitively compelling; they are easy to relate to our own lives and to the people that we know." -- Diane N. Ruble, New YorkUniversity"[This book] is simply among the best book in psychology I've read during the past year or two. It's superb. . . I could hardly put [it] down." -- Robert J. Sternberg , Yale University"The book is central to basic issues in social, personality, and developmental psychology. Indeed, it is like a guided tour through the scenic terrain of Carol's fascinating program of research. The writing is lively and engaging and the organization is unusually clear. The examples are well-chosen and intuitively compelling; they are easy to relate to our own lives and to the people that we know." -- Diane N. Ruble, New York University"[T]his is an important book addressing fundamental problems of enduring interest. [W]e think Self-Theories should be read by anyone with a serious interest in children's motivation, academic achievement or social development." -- Human Development"This book does a great deal to undo the damage done by psychology books which have emphasised the importance of intelligence and of fixed stages which pupils and students cannot move out of, or work beyond... The contents of this delightful affirming book should be known to every teacher and every pupil, and most of all to every teacher trainer. -- David Turner, University of Glamorgan." -- Book ReviewTable of ContentsPreface. Introduction. 1. What Promotes Adaptive Motivation? Four Beliefs and Four Truths about Ability, Success, Praise, and Confidence. 2. When Failure Undermines and When Failure Motivates: Helpless and Mastery-Oriented Responses. 3. Achievement Goals: Looking Smart vs. Learning. 4. Is Intelligence Fixed or Changeable? Students' Theories About Their Intelligence Foster Their Achievement Goals. 5. Theories of Intelligence Predict (and Create) Differences in Achievement. 6. Theories of Intelligence Create High and Low Effort. 7. Theories and Goals Predict Self-Esteem Loss and Depressive Reactions. 8. Why Confidence and Success Are Not Enough. 9. What Is IQ and Does It Matter? 10. Believing in Fixed Social Traits: Impact on Social Coping. 11. Judging and Labeling Others: Another Effect of Implicit Theories. 12. Belief in the Potential to Change. 13. Holding and Forming Stereotypes. 14. How Does It All Begin? Young Children's Theories about Goodness and Badness. 15. Kinds of Praise and Criticism: The Origins of Vulnerability. 16. Praising Intelligence: More Praise that Backfires. 17. Misconceptions about Self-Esteem and about How to Foster It. 18. Personality, Motivation, Development, and the Self: Theoretical Reflections. 19. Final Thoughts on Controversial Issues.

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Book SynopsisAt first glance, issues like economic inequality, healthcare, climate change, and abortion seem unrelated. However, when thinking and talking about them, people reliably fall into two camps: conservative and liberal. What explains this divide? Why do conservatives and liberals hold the positions they do? And what is the conceptual nature of those who decide elections, commonly called the "political middle"?The answers are profound. They have to do with how our minds and brains work. Political attitudes are the product of what cognitive scientists call Embodied Cognition the grounding of abstract thought in everyday world experience. Clashing beliefs about how to run nations largely arise from conflicting beliefs about family life: conservatives endorse a strict father and liberals a nurturant parent model. So-called middle voters are not in the middle at all. They are morally biconceptual, divided between both models, and as a result highly susceptible to moral political persuasion.In this brief introduction, Lakoff and Wehling reveal how cognitive science research has advanced our understanding of political thought and language, forcing us to revise common folk theories about the rational voter.

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Book SynopsisCognitive therapy (CT), developed by Aaron Beck in the US in the 1960s, is a structured, time-limited, problem-focused and research-based system of psychotherapy which seeks to identify, examine and modify clients? maladaptive thinking found in psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. The vast literature on CT can appear overwhelming to those interested in practising this therapy. To address this issue, this book serves as an introduction to CT and demonstrates this approach in action. In this book, the reader will find: Key Features of CT theory and practice examined Presentation of a case example from assessment to treatment and termination of therapy Ways to elicit and tackle negative automatic thoughts and underlying beliefs Important points to consider in the design, negotiation and review of homework assignments Typical client and therapist difficulties in therapy addressed Table of ContentsAn Outline of Cognitive Therapy. Assessment and Socialization Into ct. Eliciting and Examining Negative Automatic Thoughts. Homework. Identifying and Examining Underlying Assumptions and Core Beliefs. Tackling Client and therapist Difficulties With CT.

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Book SynopsisThe ways we know, think and believe about a whole variety of key areas - different forms of discourse, psychotherapy as well as religion - have much more in common than is usually perceived. Through a series of fascinating parallels running across different disciplines, Jacobs demonstrates the possible analysis of modes of thinking and belief - from intuitive pre-thinking, through authoritative-driven thinking and belief, and personal and polymathic knowledge, to unknowing, the last concept being one that is shared by Bion, Winnicott and major mystical tradition. Using this theoretical model the book provides a map to how clients and indeed therapists might think and believe, suggesting ways in which they may be supported as they shift through different modes, with all the anxiety that disillusionment brings.Table of ContentsPreface. Author's Note. Chapter 1. Illusions of knowledge and belief. Chapter 2. World-views. Chapter 3. Intuitive pre-thinking and belief. Chapter 4. Authority-driven belief and objective knowledge. Chapter 5. Personal and polymathic thinking and belief. Chapter 6. Un-knowing. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn the newly revised version of The Sourcebook of Magic you will discover afresh the basic 77 NLP patterns for transformational magic. What's new? A change from merely describing the patterns to presenting the key questions that allow you to guide a client. The newly revised version streamlines the patterns so that they are even more succinct and offers some new insights about how the patterns work, that is, the cognitive-behavioural mechanisms that make the neuro-linguistic and neuro-semantic approach so powerful. The Sourcebook of Magic arose in 1997 from a desire to collect in one place the basic or core NLP Patterns. Today it remains an excellent resource for coaches, therapists, psychologists, trainers, and managers. The book uniquely sorts and separates the patterns in key categories, those that deal with Self, Emotions, Languaging, Thinking Patterns, Meaning, and Strategies. This Sourcebook of Magic also provides guidelines for knowing what to do when and why. An excellent gift for those interested in the cognitive-behavioural model called NLP.

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Book SynopsisThis latest addition to the PCCS Books Primers in Counselling series offers a concise introduction to rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). Devised by Albert Ellis in 1955, and subsequently further developed and refined, REBT is based on the principle that ‘People are not disturbed by the adversities that they face. Rather, they disturb themselves about these adversities by the rigid and extreme attitudes that they hold towards them.’ REBT therapists seek to help their clients identify, examine and change the rigid and extreme attitudes that underpin their emotional problems, and to develop alternative flexible and non-extreme alternative attitudes. As therapy proceeds, the therapist will help the client to take increasing responsibility for using these methods, with the ultimate aim that they become their own therapist. The book takes the reader step by step through these processes, culminating in a detailed transcription of a single session of REBT. It ends with an outline of research on the effectiveness of REBT. It also includes helpful forms for use with clients and links to further resources.Trade Review'As a world-renowned expert in rational emotive behaviour therapy, Professor Windy Dryden continues to be an influential contributor to the field with his latest book. Whether the reader is new to REBT or a seasoned practitioner, the clear and relevant explanations and strategies provided for each phase of therapy will be beneficial. Especially helpful are the recommendations to overcome common obstacles encountered in the therapeutic process, which are often overlooked in counselling and therapy books. Reading a book on the course of therapy is often the first step in learning the nuts and bolts. However, Windy Dryden’s meticulous demonstration of how the nuts and bolts play out in therapy affords the reader the opportunity to consolidate that learning. The transcript of the single counselling session is an invaluable addition to this significant resource for practitioners pursuing greater understanding and enhancement of their skills. Once again, Windy Dryden does not disappoint with this gem. I highly recommend this book to anyone wishing to gain in-depth knowledge of the principles and practice of REBT.' – Kristene A. Doyle, Director, Albert Ellis Institute, New York. 'Here is another gem showcasing Professor Dryden’s wit, erudition and skills as a teacher and a clinician. In this compelling masterpiece, Professor Dryden draws on years of experience to bring to the readers a meticulous presentation of both theory and practice of REBT. Using examples based on his work with clients, he comprehensively covers various nuances of classic REBT and adds to it his unique contributions that enhance its efficiency and effectiveness as a therapeutic model. The chapter dedicated to a transcript of his single session of REBT with a client, with his commentary, especially makes it a mandatory reading for all students and practitioners of REBT.' – Swati Khanolkar, clinical psychologist, associate fellow and supervisor, Albert Ellis Institute, India.Table of ContentsSeries introduction, Introduction, 1: The origins of REBT and its place in the therapeutic realm, 2: Two basic ideas, 3: REBT’s view of emotional disturbance and health: the situational ABC framework, 4: The working alliance in REBT: A framework for practice, 5: Beginning REBT, 6: Developing and maintaining a problem focus, 7: Developing and maintaining a goal focus, 8: Developing and maintaining a solution focus I: Promoting intellectual insight, 9: Developing and maintaining a solution focus II: Promoting emotional insight, 10: Promoting maintenance and generalisation, 11: Dealing with obstacles to change, 12: Client study: A transcript of single-session REBT, 13: Research into REBT, Appendix 1: Resources for learning, Appendix 2: Eight unhealthy and healthy emotions, Appendix 3: The Dryden REBT form, Appendix 4: The wise rabbi story, Glossary, References, Index

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisNoom’s first-ever (and only!) official book!When it comes to setting and achieving your goals, how you think influences what you do. Whether developing a sustainable relationship with food, jump-starting a new fitness routine to shoot for a certain number on the scale, or tackling a health issue, mindset is key to meeting your goals—but it can also often be the most neglected element in any attempt to change behavior. While you might know what you want to do, the key to success is understanding why you want to do it, and how you make a plan that works for you in the long term. The Noom Mindset, created by the leading digital health company that has helped millions achieve their weight and health goals, deconstructs habits around the core drivers of body weight: what we eat and how much we move. You’ll discover how your habits around eating and weight management are impacted by your own self-confidence, stress, habits, lifestyle choices, and the rollercoaster of motivation (yes, it’s supposed to go up and down). Best of all, you’ll learn skills that can be applied to any behavior you want to change, habit you want to break, or life you want to create. This book is an instruction manual for achieving sustainable lifestyle changes plus many other health-related outcomes, including weight loss. With The Noom Mindset, you’ll learn how to: -Cultivate a growth mindset -Master the forging or deconstructing of behavior chains -Overcome thought distortions -Generate meaningful internal motivation for staying focused on your goals -Create changes that stick Based on more than a decade of research and experimentation, Noom has helped millions of users succeed by employing the mindset tactics that this book teaches. Written with an emphasis on self-awareness, goal-setting, and self-experimentation, The Noom Mindset provides powerful tools to help you reach your goals, your way.

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Book SynopsisCraftsmanship provides an insight into an inherently human dimension of work resulting from our immersion in an occupation or profession. The present book illustrates and defines the vital, social, aesthetic, and ethical dimensions involved in craftsmanship, which rejects a dissociation between handwork and wit, or between action and thought. This also contrasts with the neglect contemporary psychology has shown toward craftsmanship and its reduction to mere ‘human factors.’ Drawing on artistry as an emblem, the present account conveys that skilful action can only be renewed in a cycle involving both the personal and the transgenerational. There is little doubt in psychological and anthropological literature that the current global crises cannot be separated from social predicaments; namely, from the commodification of craftsmanship. In this book, the development of skilful action attests to a fundamental involvement required to sustainably perpetuate human endeavours. The role of expressivity in reappropriating technical activity is key in showing the continuous revaluation of our ethics and aesthetics of work, practice, and creation. The overall arc of the volume shows a movement from responsivity to responsibility. In short, if we are to reformulate our relationship to work and craft, we need to see through our responsibility in technique. The particularities of craftsmanship described here aim to contribute to such reformulation.Table of Contents1 The vitality of skill1.1 Skill as sprezzatura 1.2 When did skilfull action lose its way in psychology? 1.3 Skill and expressivity 1.4 A note on the developmental character of skill 1.5 The path to follow References 2 Physiognomy in motion 2.1 Form, repetition and variation 2.2 Motifs as promoters of cohesion in variation 2.3 The physiognomic character of perception 2.4 The intermodal organization of perception 2.5 The chiasma between affect and form-giving 2.6 From kinetics to kineasthetics References 3 Expressivity and skill motifs 3.1 Expressivity 3.2 Stylistics 3.3 Reprises in skill 3.4 Apprenticeship motifs References 4 Technical rhythms and harmonies 4.1 Eurhythmy in technique 4.2 Reprises in the study of techniques 4.3 The expressivity of musical instruments and luthiery 4.4 Eurythmic reticulates 4.5 The limits of expressivity and the lifecycle of techniques References 5 Sprezzatura. Craftsmanship at work 5.1 Sprezzatura 5.2 Mistakes, play and leisure 5.3 The craftsperson and the community 5.4 Workmanship in light of craftmanship 5.5 Back to psychological issues References

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