Civics and citizenship Books

Book SynopsisIn the familiar tale of mass migration to France from 1880 onward, we know very little about the hundreds of thousands of women who formed a critical part of those migration waves. In Reproductive Citizens, Nimisha Barton argues that their relative absence in the historical record hints at a larger and more problematic oversightthe role of sex and gender in shaping the experiences of migrants to France before the Second World War. Barton''s compelling history of social citizenship demonstrates how, through the routine application of social policies, state and social actors worked separately toward a shared goal: repopulating France with immigrant families. Filled with voices gleaned from census reports, municipal statistics, naturalization dossiers, court cases, police files, and social worker registers, Reproductive Citizens shows how France welcomed foreign-born men and womenmobilizing naturalization, family law, social policy, and welfare assistance toTrade ReviewThis book will therefore appeal to a wide readership. The strength of this book lies in its attention to details and relatability. By offering personal accounts to illustrate the effects of these populationist policies, Barton has made History accessible, and maybe more importantly, real: These are people's stories, lives lived. * The French Review *Barton's attention to solidarity and the forces that shaped immigrants' opportunities and everyday experiences provides an enormously valuable contribution to a literature that has tended to stress exclusion and discrimination. * H-France *Barton shows, without whitewashing the racist and genocidal policies of the French state under Vichy, that populationism could also have a different face: namely, one that gave immigrants a place in a society at risk of depopulation caused by a combination of political and economic crises. * Law and History Review *Barton has done a remarkable job of resurrecting the voices of people at the margins of social and political life in France, and she strikes the perfect balance between the inner lives of her protagonists and their forgotten role in shaping the French state's policies toward immigration, the family, and the meaning of the nation. * American Historical Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Forces that Push and Pull 2. Bachelors, Bureaucrats, and Marrying into the Nation 3. Wives, Wages, and Regulating Breadwinners 4. Mothers, Welfare Organizations, and Reproducing for the Nation 5. Neighborhood, Street Culture, and Melting-Pot Mixité 6. Motherhood, Neighborhood, and Nationhood 7. Neighborly Networks and Welfare Work under Vichy Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn the familiar tale of mass migration to France from 1880 onward, we know very little about the hundreds of thousands of women who formed a critical part of those migration waves. In Reproductive Citizens, Nimisha Barton argues that their relative absence in the historical record hints at a larger and more problematic oversightthe role of sex and gender in shaping the experiences of migrants to France before the Second World War. Barton''s compelling history of social citizenship demonstrates how, through the routine application of social policies, state and social actors worked separately toward a shared goal: repopulating France with immigrant families. Filled with voices gleaned from census reports, municipal statistics, naturalization dossiers, court cases, police files, and social worker registers, Reproductive Citizens shows how France welcomed foreign-born men and womenmobilizing naturalization, family law, social policy, and welfare assistance toTrade ReviewThis book will therefore appeal to a wide readership. The strength of this book lies in its attention to details and relatability. By offering personal accounts to illustrate the effects of these populationist policies, Barton has made History accessible, and maybe more importantly, real: These are people's stories, lives lived. * The French Review *Barton's attention to solidarity and the forces that shaped immigrants' opportunities and everyday experiences provides an enormously valuable contribution to a literature that has tended to stress exclusion and discrimination. * H-France *Barton shows, without whitewashing the racist and genocidal policies of the French state under Vichy, that populationism could also have a different face: namely, one that gave immigrants a place in a society at risk of depopulation caused by a combination of political and economic crises. * Law and History Review *Barton has done a remarkable job of resurrecting the voices of people at the margins of social and political life in France, and she strikes the perfect balance between the inner lives of her protagonists and their forgotten role in shaping the French state's policies toward immigration, the family, and the meaning of the nation. * American Historical Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Forces that Push and Pull 2. Bachelors, Bureaucrats, and Marrying into the Nation 3. Wives, Wages, and Regulating Breadwinners 4. Mothers, Welfare Organizations, and Reproducing for the Nation 5. Neighborhood, Street Culture, and Melting-Pot Mixité 6. Motherhood, Neighborhood, and Nationhood 7. Neighborly Networks and Welfare Work under Vichy Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIs civility dead? Americans ask this question every election season, but their concern is hardly limited to political campaigns. Doubts about civility regularly arise in just about every aspect of American public life. Rudeness runs rampant. Our news media is saturated with aggressive bluster and vitriol. Our digital platforms teem with trolls and expressions of disrespect. Reflecting these conditions, surveys show that a significant majority of Americans believe we are living in an age of unusual anger and discord. Everywhere we look, there seems to be conflict and hostility, with shared respect and consideration nowhere to be found. In a country that encourages thick skins and speaking one's mind, is civility even possible, let alone desirable? In How Civility Works, Keith J. Bybee elegantly explores the "crisis" in civility, looking closely at how civility intertwines with our long history of boorish behavior and the ongoing quest for pleasant company. Bybee argues that the very features that make civility ineffective and undesirable also point to civility's power and appeal. Can we all get along? If we live by the contradictions on which civility depends, then yes, we can, and yes, we should.Trade Review"Keith Bybee has delved into the literature of civility and emerged with a clear-eyed and helpful account of politesse. Let us bow." -- Henry Alford * author of Would It Kill You to Stop Doing That? A Modern Guide to Manners *"In an age of Donald Trump, campus 'safe spaces,' unprecedented online bullying, and a rising public conception that 'speaking the truth' is the sole response to 'political correctness,' Keith Bybee's thoughtful meditation on the possibilities of civility is a tonic. For anyone who believes that First Amendment values and human morality need not be on a collision course, and that constraint of our own words is neither hypocrisy nor inauthentic, Bybee begins an important conversation about how our discourse can be moral and robust without sacrificing truth or freedom." -- Dahlia Lithwick * Slate *"The current political moment does not exactly exude civility. Appeals to civic aspirations seem quaint, and for now some of us may just need to follow Bybee's advice of 'going along for the sake of getting along.' But eventually we'll have to stop faking it and internalize a genuine desire for civility. The more aspirational sections of How Civility Works intimate how we might get there. And this important book shows us why pursuing that path is as necessary as it is difficult." -- John Inazu * Comment *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1The Promise of Civility chapter abstractThis chapter first outlines the standard argument for returning civility to American public life, and then raises key questions that any advocate of civility must confront. Given the long history of rudeness in the United States, why should we think that civility is possible? Given the strong American tradition of free speech, why should we want to be civil? Why not instead encourage people to speak their minds and to develop thick skins? The chapter concludes by suggesting that we can only understand how civility works if we learn to see that, paradoxically, civility's strengths are in its weaknesses. 2Civility Defined chapter abstractThis chapter defines civility as a form of good manners and as a code of public conduct. Civility is distinguished from other types of good manners, including politeness, courtesy, chivalry, and gallantry. The chapter then surveys the competition between different varieties of civility in the United States, dating from the ratification of the Constitution to the presidential election of 2016. The possibility of enforcing civil etiquette through law is considered. The chapter concludes by observing that the profusion of different beliefs about civility creates an environment in which common courtesies do not seem very common. 3The Excellence of Free Expression chapter abstractThis chapter examines the argument against civility's repressive use made by John Stuart Mill in On Liberty. Contemporary examples of repressive civility in the context of AIDS activism, hip-hop music, and on-campus free speech are discussed. The chapter argues that even though civility can obstruct free speech, civility also underwrites free speech by creating an accessible, easily employed means of communicating good character and personal decency. The importance of civility as a means of communication is illustrated through discussion of Aristotle, Erasmus, table manners, and decorum in the United States Congress. 4Are You Just Being Polite? chapter abstractThis chapter begins by arguing that even though civility has the great virtue of giving people a method for publicizing their good character, civility also has a glaring vice: the messages that civility communicates can easily be faked. The disadvantages of hypocritically exploiting civility are detailed, and the possibility of controlling such hypocrisy by treating civility as a form of morality is discussed. The chapter then argues that the inauthenticity of civil behavior has the advantage of allowing flawed people appear to be better than they actually are. This positive use of hypocrisy is examined through discussion of Lord Chesterfield, Edmund Burke, Dale Carnegie, Judith Shklar, Ruth Grant, and Miss Manners. 5Strength in Weakness chapter abstractThis chapter summarizes how civility relies on a series of paradoxes. We feel civility's absence as a result of its abundance. We see civility as an impediment to free expression, and at the same time we demand civility to sustain the free exchange of ideas. We encounter civility as a bulwark of hierarchy and domination, and we also enlist civility to level social relations and promote inclusion. We condemn civility's inauthenticity, yet we depend on the many opportunities for hypocrisy that civility affords. The chapter concludes by arguing that the work of enacting better and more acceptable means of getting along requires us to embrace the paradoxes on which civility depends.

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Book SynopsisA new American creed has reconstructed the social contract. Generations from 1890 to 1940 took for granted that citizenship entailed voting, volunteering, religiosity, and civic consciousness. Conspicuously, the WWII generation introduced collectivist notions of civic obligations—but such obligations have since become regarded as options. In this book, David H. Kamens takes this basic shift as his starting point for exploring numerous trends in American political culture from the 1930s to the present day. Drawing on and synthesizing an enormous array of primary and secondary materials, Kamens examines the critical role of macro social changes, such as the growth and expansion of government and education, often in response to the emergence of globalization. From these tectonic shifts erupted numerous ripple effects, such as the decline of traditional citizen values, the rise of individualism, loss of trust in institutions, anti-elitism, and dramatic political polarization. In this context, antagonism to government as an enemy of personal freedom grew, creating a space for populist movements to blossom, unrestrained by traditional political parties. Beyond painting a comprehensive picture of our current political landscape, Kamens offers an invaluable archive documenting the steps that got us here. Trade Review"Kamens provides an impressive depiction of historic American political culture – individualist and anti-statist – as explaining current public crises and conflicts. From this point of view, the contemporary scene is less exceptional than the period of mobilized consensus from the 1930s through the '80s. This creative book will be of great interest to those thinking about the future of American democracy, especially as globalization disconnects empowered individuals from the responsibilities and constraints of citizenship." -- John W. Meyer, Professor Emeritus of Sociology * Stanford University *"In the tradition of Tocqueville, Almond and Verba, and Lipset, David Kamens provides a sweeping analysis of the U.S. polity, paying special attention to its distinctive development from the 1930s and the distinctive predicament it is in today. The book is masterfully crafted and urgently needed at this moment of harrowing political crisis." -- David John Frank, Professor of Sociology * University of California, Irvine *"A New American Creed is so rich in data and original insights—of which this review can barely scratch the surface—that it should be required reading for every officeholder, candidate, and voter interested in understanding the current political climate, how we got here, and whether the situation is reparable." -- Karen Lyon * The Hill Rag *"[Kamens'] conclusions are sobering, to say the least. He worries about the rise of individualism and whether it can coexist with a stable and viable political community....Can [US political parties] manage polarization and provide stability to the political system? Kamens offers little hope that they can. Recommended." -- E. C. Sands * CHOICE> *"A New American Creed: The Eclipse of Citizenship and Rise of Populism provides a sophisticated analysis of a fundamental issue of our times – the nature of contemporary American democracy. Kamens makes an unparalleled case for understanding prominent features of recent decades, such as the rise of populism and nativism, as emerging in part due to long-term cultural and institutional changes at national and global levels. He reminds us that the reconstruction of the individual actor as the primary focus of social, political, and economic action facilitates, on the one hand, the expansion of civil rights to historically marginalized groups, but, on the other hand, simultaneously undercuts the emergence of a strong welfare state and allows for massive inequality. This theoretically innovative and well-argued book is a must-read for anyone interested in the present and future of American democracy." -- Patricia Bromley, Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Education * Stanford University *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Introduction chapter abstractThe book argues that global events of the 1930s and the following decades temporarily suspended key elements of the American creed. The role of government became enlarged and a regulated capitalism emerged. The decades of the post–1960s witnessed a reaction to these changes. An expanded education system legitimated a surge in individualism and a decline in citizen obligations. Emphasis on individual rights swelled, and individual responsibilities became options. Fear of government as an enemy of individual freedoms also grew. These developments were the seeds out of which social and political polarization later grew. They also provided support for intensified anti-elitism and its political offspring—anti-establishment populism. 2The United States in Comparative Perspective chapter abstractThis chapter surveys the elements of the traditional American creed. It is the narrative of a frontier society that deemphasizes diversity of opinion and culture. In its place this ethos imagines that all legitimate citizens share a diffuse religion called the American way. In this depiction this common belief system is the glue that holds society together society in lieu of a strong state. It places a high value on conformity, though equality of all citizens and individualism are also parts of the creed. This folk culture supports populism as a political philosophy and source of political action, anti-intellectualism and anti-scientific attitudes, and exclusion of those who do not share this folk culture. Yet it provides staunch support for deregulated capitalism and technological innovation. This chapter shows with comparative public opinion data that U.S. political culture continues to be different from that of other wealthy democracies. 3The Embedded State chapter abstractThis chapter argues that American government is more embedded in society than European democracies. This means that the boundaries between state and civil society are weaker in the United States. This form of populist democracy compels government officials to bargain with citizen groups over policy. This feature helps account for the rapidity with which American society can mobilize policy and resources if there is a popular consensus for change. The same feature also allows for rapid demobilization once popular interest has waned or when the public mood changes. Politicians avoid legitimacy crises by using a form of decision making that produces consensus but gives less weight to cost control and the evaluation of outcomes. Congress passes legislation with broad goals. Decision makers in regulatory agencies must then interpret the statutes and formulate the working rules and outcomes. Cost control and evaluation of outcomes fall by the wayside in this process. 4The Collectivist Moment chapter abstractThe argument of this chapter is that the Great Depression of the 1930s initiated a period of suspension of the classic American creed. Suddenly government became legitimate as a collective actor in the struggle against a major economic catastrophe. But its form did not change. The center distributed resources and new authority to local governments. The federal government did not centralize policy control because of the preferences of Southern Democrats. The 1950s continued this process with the growth of the national security state and the threat of the Cold War. The perception of external threats also acted as a check on populism during this period. 5The Liberal Activist Society chapter abstractThe optimism of the 1950s led to resurgence of two key elements of the American creed: individualism and deregulated capitalism. Two movements developed around these themes. First, movements pushing for the extension of individual rights and freedoms resurfaced. Second, business groups began the fight against a regulated economy. Liberals supporting the first agenda pushed for more government spending to expand the welfare state and education. The idea of the knowledge society was born. Supporting education and the expansion of universities and science became legitimate government responsibilities. Government funding for them soared. Civil society responded by backing social movements pushing for the extension of individual rights. But support for government expansion became contentious among business groups and conservatives. Opposition to this plank of liberalism was growing. 6The Intensification of Individualism and the Displacement of Citizenship chapter abstractThis chapter argues that the individual has become the main social construct of society. Its significance displaces the idea of citizenship, which includes a variety of obligations as well as rights. Becoming educated has become the major responsibility of children and parents. Education is now the secular religion of society and the way to produce rational and moral individuals. One result is to reduce the charisma and authority of many institutions and to confer it on educated individuals. This transformation of authority in society has paved the way for radical forms of populism based on generalized anti-elitism. 7The Growth of Big Government and the Conservative Counterattack chapter abstractThis chapter argues that government growth produced a backlash from those who saw it as an attack on a key feature of the American creed: the hegemony of capitalism in America. The chapter describes the decline of the liberal state and the growing unwillingness of political elites to fund it. Business elites fought the regulated capitalism of the postwar period by mobilizing politically. These attacks escalated and focused on starving government of funds both by cutting taxes, particularly on business and the wealthy, and by refusing to borrow money to finance government projects. They successfully revived that part of the American creed that supported individual freedom to thrive through their own economic efforts. The chapter also describes key changes in society that result from an expanded state. 8The Breakup of the Postwar Order chapter abstractThis chapter describes the dissent that emerged in the post–1960s era. It argues that conflict grew around two elements of the American creed: the extension of individual freedoms and rights that was occurring and government regulation of capitalism. These splits produced four separate political cultures that neither political party has been able to contain. Two majoritarian positions have emerged: majorities favor the extension of civil rights and freedoms to many, and majorities favor less regulation of capitalism and the economy. But there are strong minorities who dissent from both these positions. Moral conservatives and the religious have reservations on many issues such as abortion and homosexuality. On the other hand, people who define themselves as progressives argue for more regulation of industry and the economy, such as pollution regulations and worker rights. Political entrepreneurs and the media have seized on these issues and have produced a more polarized society. 9The Intensification of Populism and the Declining Legitimacy of Elites chapter abstractThis chapter argues that the new populism castigates all elites in society as illegitimate. It has arisen and become successful because of two major changes in American society. First, the intensification of individualism has transferred authority to individuals and undermined that of elites in society. Second, the breakdown of the center and the failure of both parties to deal with economic and other problems has opened up space for radical alternatives to flourish. The chapter discusses the types of populism that emerge and the way that economic and cultural discourse becomes connected to intensify populist antagonism to particular sets of others. 10From Consensus to Culture Wars chapter abstractThis chapter notes that local community politics is much less polarized than the national political debate. This fact suggests that it is national institutions that are responsible for the new politics of polarization. The chapter discusses the sources of this change: (1) the changing trajectories of the political parties, (2) deregulation of the national media, and (3) the increasing importance of social media as megaphones of extremism. 11Conclusion chapter abstractThis chapter discusses three issues raised by the book: (1) whether individualism can be the basis for national solidarity, (2) the future of the current polarization of politics, and (3) populism and its future. It presents several different possibilities and cautions that these futures will be determined by both what happens in the United States and the fate of globalization itself.

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Book SynopsisBirthright citizenship has a deep and contentious history in the United States, one often hard to square in a country that prides itself on being "a nation of immigrants." Even as the question of citizenship for children of immigrants was seemingly settled by the Fourteenth Amendment, vitriolic debate has continued for well over a century, especially in relation to U.S. race relations. Most recently, a provocative and decidedly more offensive term than birthright citizenship has emerged: "anchor babies." With this book, Leo R. Chavez explores the question of birthright citizenship, and of citizenship in the United States writ broadly, as he counters the often hyperbolic claims surrounding these so-called anchor babies. Chavez considers how the term is used as a political dog whistle, how changes in the legal definition of citizenship have affected the children of immigrants over time, and, ultimately, how U.S.-born citizens still experience trauma if they live in families with undocumented immigrants. By examining this pejorative term in its political, historical, and social contexts, Chavez calls upon us to exorcise it from public discourse and work toward building a more inclusive nation.Trade Review"Leo Chavez establishes two important truths with Anchor Babies and the Challenge of Birthright Citizenship: he reinforces the historical and continuing importance of 'citizenship' in defining our nation's character, and he documents the very real and significant impacts on children and families in how we talk about citizenship and how we seek to limit its availability. These are critical lessons for all who participate in policy debates today in America." -- Thomas A. Saenz, President and General Counsel * MALDEF (Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund) *"This very readable book makes an enormously important contribution to the immigration debate. Leo Chavez carefully examines the history, rhetoric, and law of why those born in the United States are rightly accorded citizenship. Anchor Babies and the Challenge of Birthright Citizenship is a must-read for all future discussions about U.S. citizenship." -- Erwin Chemerinsky * author of The Conservative Assault on the Constitution *"Leo Chavez has written a timely and compelling book that poses some of the most critical questions about citizenship and deservingness facing our nation today. Anchor Babies and the Challenge of Birthright Citizenship illuminates the human costs of drawing bright lines that exclude those born on U.S. soil—forced family separation, economic hardship, broken spirits, and a fractured nation. Analytically sharp, powerfully written, and cogently argued, this important book is essential reading for every American." -- Roberto G. Gonzales * author of Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsPrologue chapter abstractThe Prologue introduces the reader to the concept of anchor babies and birthright citizenship. It provides examples of issues and political rhetoric related to anchor babies and the problem of defining the concept. It also lays out the structure and organization of the book as well as the general argument that the anchor baby rhetoric undermines the sense of belonging of U.S.-citizen children by questioning their citizenship on the basis of their parents' immigration status. 1Undeserving Citizens? chapter abstractThis chapter examines media stories about anchor babies and birthright citizenship that appeared in the Los Angeles Times and the New York Times between 1965 and 2015. Media coverage began with stories about birthright citizenship for the children of undocumented immigrants. Early in the 2000s, the term "anchor baby" became part of public discourse and was used to question whether the U.S.-born children of undocumented immigrants deserved citizenship. This chapter traces the politics surrounding the anchor baby rhetoric as well as attempts to legislate changing the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to deny anchor babies citizenship. 2A History of Birthright Citizenship chapter abstractThis chapter attempts to put the often hyperbolic rhetoric surrounding anchor babies into a historical framework. The children of immigrants have always had a tenuous position in American society. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution made birth in the nation, with some exceptions, a definition of citizenship. The Supreme Court, in the Wong Kim Ark case in 1898, made it clear that birthright citizenship applied to the children of immigrants, even when their parents may not have been eligible for citizenship themselves. However, the children of stigmatized ethnic and racial groups still found their citizenship questioned throughout the 20th century. 3Diminished Citizenship chapter abstractCitizens living with families that include undocumented immigrants may be subject to policies that diminish their rights as citizens, or they may face verbally and physically aggressive behavior by individuals who challenge their right to belong in America. They also face the daily threat of deportation that would tear apart their families, often leaving them destitute. State policies that deny birth certificates to U.S.-born children not only affect the individuals so denied; they also underscore that the state can disregard the rights of these so-called anchor babies. Such policies also provide evidence of the power of the anchor baby rhetoric to justify policies on the basis of the belief that anchor babies are undeserving citizens. Epilogue chapter abstractThe Epilogue returns to the book's argument that the anchor baby rhetoric undermines the sense of belonging and citizenship for the U.S.-born children of immigrants. It also shows that the targets of such rhetoric can feel as if they are being singled out as undeserving Americans. It examines the case of Judge Gonzalo Curiel, whose ability to perform his judicial duties were questioned because of his Mexican heritage. The book ends with the hope that the children of immigrants will not let the anchor baby rhetoric diminish them as people and as citizens.

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Book SynopsisPursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era provides readers with the everyday perspectives of immigrants on what it is like to try to integrate into American society during a time when immigration policy is focused on enforcement and exclusion. The law says that everyone who is not a citizen is an alien. But the social reality is more complicated. Ming Hsu Chen argues that the citizen/alien binary should instead be reframed as a spectrum of citizenship, a concept that emphasizes continuities between the otherwise distinct experiences of membership and belonging for immigrants seeking to become citizens. To understand citizenship from the perspective of noncitizens, this book utilizes interviews with more than one-hundred immigrants of varying legal statuses about their attempts to integrate economically, socially, politically, and legally during a modern era of intense immigration enforcement. Studying the experiences of green card holders, refugees, military service members, temporary workers, international students, and undocumented immigrants uncovers the common plight that underlies their distinctions: limited legal status breeds a sense of citizenship insecurity for all immigrants that inhibits their full integration into society. Bringing together theories of citizenship with empirical data on integration and analysis of contemporary policy, Chen builds a case that formal citizenship status matters more than ever during times of enforcement and argues for constructing pathways to citizenship that enhance both formal and substantive equality of immigrants.Trade Review"Ming Hsu Chen writes with great intelligence and compassion about the frightening reality of attempting to pursue citizenship in a moment when every interaction with the federal government also involves tremendous risk. She brings to life the struggle of recently arrived immigrants who want to integrate more fully into American society, even as federal policy seeks to exclude as many as possible. The complexities of constantly changing and sometimes even contradictory immigration laws are explained and the true predicaments of well-intentioned immigrants who seek only to follow the law to the best of their understanding are illuminated. Chen does a masterful job."—Helen Thorpe, author of The Newcomers: Finding Refuge, Friendship, and Hope in America"As much critique as corrective vision, Ming Chen's powerful book brings us revelatory conversations with immigrants seeking to become citizens. Their experiences, frustrations, and dreams shine sharp spotlights on the official barriers they face—and on our shared humanity."—Ian F. Haney López, University of California, Berkeley"Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era offers a nuanced analysis of the complex relationship between the legal status of citizenship and real belonging to U.S. society. Drawing on wide-ranging interviews, Ming Chen shows how overemphasizing immigration enforcement undermines the integration of immigrants and their potential to make society more cohesive. This is trail-blazing scholarship on how immigrants become citizens."—Hiroshi Motomura, UCLA School of Law"Chen makes a compelling case that federal government can and should do more—much more—to integrate its residents by supporting access to citizenship. With a clear-eyed picture of the functional benefits of formal citizenship, this book offers a thoughtful policy roadmap for achieving that goal."—Jennifer Chacón, UCLA School of Law"Chen here demands that we migration scholars stake a deeper claim in the changes that are needed to ensure all of our well-being.Pursuing Citizenshipis an essential read for all of us committed to accepting that challenge."—Shannon Gleeson, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books"Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era provides a powerful account of the struggles that many noncitizens and their families faced during the increased immigration enforcement of the Trump era... Chen offers a strong defense of formal citizenship, particularly in contexts where immigration enforcement is prioritized, because of its impact on one's sense of equality and community membership."—Rose Cuison-Villazor, Michigan Law ReviewTable of Contents1. Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era 2. Unequal Citizenship: Gaps in Formal and Substantive Citizenship 3. Winding Pathways to Citizenship 4. Barriers to Formal Citizenship 5. Blocked Pathways to Full Citizenship 6. Constructing Pathways to Full Citizenship

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Book SynopsisIn the months leading up to the 2016 presidential election, liberal outcry over ethnonationalist views promoted a vision of America as a nation of immigrants. Given the pervasiveness of this rhetoric, it can be easy to overlook the fact that the immigrant rights movement began in the US relatively recently. This book tells the story of its grassroots origins, through its meteoric rise to the national stage. Starting in the 1990s, the immigrant rights movement slowly cohered over the demand for comprehensive federal reform of immigration policy. Activists called for a new framework of citizenship, arguing that immigrants deserved legal status based on their strong affiliation with American values. During the Obama administration, leaders were granted unprecedented political access and millions of dollars in support. The national spotlight, however, came with unforeseen pressures—growing inequalities between factions and restrictions on challenging mainstream views. Such tradeoffs eventually shattered the united front. The Immigrant Rights Movement tells the story of a vibrant movement to change the meaning of national citizenship, that ultimately became enmeshed in the system that it sought to transform.Trade Review"This book offers a lucid and highly readable analysis of the modern U.S. immigrant rights movement. Systematically documenting the contribution of local struggles in the late 20th century to the movement's national consolidation in the 2000s and its more recent re-fragmentation, Nicholls' behind-the-scenes account carefully exposes the tensions between grassroots immigrant rights activism and national-level realpolitik. An important contribution." -- Ruth Milkman * CUNY Graduate Center, author of L.A. Story: Immigrant Workers and the Future of the U.S. Labor Movement *"The Immigrant Rights Movement's historical and geographic sweep is remarkable: it extends far beyond existing accounts, which tend to either focus on the 2006 protests or to present case studies of immigrant mobilization in one or two places. Theoretically rich and empirically rigorous, the book will set the terms for the debate about the best way forward for the immigrant rights movement for many years to come." -- Kim Voss * University of California, Berkeley *"This timely book explains the successes and challenges of pro-immigration activism in the United States. Its provocative argument raises tough practical and theoretical questions about the political costs of nationalizing and professionalizing social movements." -- David Scott FitzGerald * author of Refuge beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers *"In this daring volume Nicholls looks beyond the achievements and failures of the ever-developing immigrant rights' movement in the US to explore how the movement has changed the discourse, the scope, and the descriptive nature of national citizenship....In this highly accessible and readable book, Nicholls weaves together political and social theory throughout, making this text especially useful for classroom incorporation. Highly recommended." -- R. A. Harper * CHOICE *"Future research could easily build on Nicholls's brilliant work....Rigorously corroborated, theoretically inspiring, and yet impressively readable, this book has much to offer students and scholars at all levels." -- Kevin Lee * Journal of Urban Affairs *"Nicholls's meticulous institutional analysis spans decades....the book offers us an invaluable critique of nationalism itself." -- Miranda C. Hallett * American Ethnologist *"The Immigrant Rights Movement is a must-read for anyone interested in migration rights, social movements, and the institutional reproduction of inequality. Nicholls provides an array of qualitative data, different forms of data presentation, and thought-provoking arguments about the constraints and opportunities of social movements. Though focused on immigration, this timely book generates broad reflection on the relationship between social movements and philanthropy, and debates about how disciplining a social movement occurs through the political elite." -- Blanca Ramirez * Mobilization *"Nicholls's book convincingly highlights a key paradox that advocates and activists face when moving into the political field: the same conditions that allowed immigrant rights movements to become a political force wound up binding the movement to the very system it sought to change." -- Ana Hontanilla * Latin American Research Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe introduction provides readers with a basic overview of the book's central concepts and arguments. It suggests that today's immigrant rights movement has its roots in local battles scattered throughout the country. It maps out how these local fights emerged and goes on to discuss their aggregation into a national social movement. 1The Rights of Immigrants in the Nation chapter abstractSome scholars have argued that globalization and transnational migration have weakened the importance of national citizenship. This theoretical chapter addresses this central issue. It suggests that national citizenship is still very much intact and constrains how immigrant rights activists develop their claims and demands. By engaging with various literatures including citizenship studies, social movement, and immigration, the chapter aims to explain the continued caging powers of the nation state over the thoughts, words, and actions of activists. 2Suburbia Must be Defended chapter abstractThe chapter explores the local conditions that helped give rise to ethnonational arguments by examining local responses to immigrant day laborers. By drawing on materials from the 1990s, the chapter maintains that the public assembly of Latino immigrants on street corners disrupted the everyday life suburban residents. Such disruptions propelled thousands of people to step in and debate the meanings of citizenship. From this cauldron of conflicting passions emerged a particular understanding of citizenship that was ethnonationalist, exclusionary, and revanchist. This was an ethnic understanding of citizenship backed by an increasingly violent and exclusionary state. 3Resisting Ethnonationalism, One Town at a Time chapter abstractThe chapter examines how pro-immigrant groups bubbled up in suburban towns around the county and pushed back on their anti-immigrant neighbors. It does so by first describing early resistances by day laborers and their diverse range of supporters. The chapter goes on to describe how some local mobilizations snow-balled into sizeable struggles mostly anchored by regional immigrant rights organizations. The chapter finishes by showing how many campaigns succeeded in stopping many restrictive ordinances. 4Regionalizing the Fight for Immigrant Rights: The Case of Los Angeles chapter abstractMetropolitan Los Angeles is used as a case to illustrate how immigrant rights activism shifted to the regional scale. The chapter begins with a very local conflict over day laborers in the suburb of Pasadena. It examines how highly precarious immigrants stepped out of the proverbial shadows to resist their criminalization in the city. Following this discussion, the chapter proceeds to a discussion of the regionalization of the struggle. Center for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles (CHIRLA) played a pivotal role in connecting and coordinating battles unfolding across the metropolitan area. 5The Resurgent Nation State chapter abstractFrom the mid 1990s onwards, the federal government became increasingly active in the area of immigration. It passed more restrictive laws and policies and invested more money in enforcement. Moreover, elected officials began to talk more about immigration and immigration reform than ever. The federal government's symbolic and legal power were overwhelming in shaping the parameters of national citizenship. For immigrant rights activists who had spent their formative years in local political trenches, it became increasingly important to shift scale and enter national politics. 6Entering the Field of National Citizenship chapter abstractThe chapter addresses the shift to national politics by examining the creation of a countrywide social movement infrastructure. Well-endowed and politically connected national organizations worked with prominent local organizations to form a string of new coalitions with national-level reach. The primary goal of these coalitions was to create a vehicle to pursue comprehensive immigration reform. Washington D.C.-based organizations sat at the helm of the coalitions and reached out to local organizations in immigrant rich metropolitan areas. These organizations co-sponsored meetings, trainings, and other events. The coalitions fashioned new instruments (organizations, networks, communication networks, trainings and workshops) to transmit understandings about rights, immigration reform, and citizenship from the centers of power (Washington D.C.) to immigrant communities around the country. 7Money Makes the Movement chapter abstractThe funding pie grew much larger in the 2000s and 2010s. The financial bounty enabled leading organizations to create the infrastructure underlying the mainstream immigrant rights movement. They could afford to undertake costly communications research. They had the resources to generate training materials and run local workshops in localities across the country. Well-resourced organizations could afford to lobby national politicians and develop relations with political elite. The infusion of money enabled an unprecedented level of coordination, but the wealth and professionalization of national organizations contributed to sharpening inequalities and a veritable class divide in the social movement. 8A Seat at the Table chapter abstractThe Obama administration provided advocacy organizations extraordinary access. The leading organizations had many meetings with White House officials and congressional leaders. Strong ties with federal policymakers and politicians also provided movement leaders with direct access to valuable information. Access did not, however, result in much political influence. During a period of unprecedented access, the Obama White House did not prioritize comprehensive immigration reform during its first term. The White House and its Senate allies believed that they needed to burnish their deportation credentials in order to win broad support from reluctant Republicans. Between 2009 and 2013, the Obama administration removed approximately 400,000 unauthorized immigrants a year. Thus, in spite of its enormous reservoirs of political capital, the leadership of the immigrant rights movement was not able exercise great influence over federal immigration policy. 9Making Immigrants American chapter abstractThis chapter examine how the movement generated public representations of immigrants in their battle for comprehensive immigration reform. Entry into the national field precipitated a process of selecting one master frame (liberal nationalism) over others (territorial personhood, postnationalism). Following the failure to pass immigration reform in 2007, the leadership initiated a broad campaign to change how Americans viewed immigrants. They set out to generate a disciplined message that would resonate with hearts and minds of average Americans. Liberal nationalism provided advocates with the language, ideas, sentiments, and narratives to effectively construct a message of immigrant deservingness. America was, they argued, a nation of immigrants and immigrants possessed essential attributes (assimilated in norms and culture, contributing, innocent) that made them deserving of membership. Conclusion: Where We Stand chapter abstractThe concluding chapter assesses the challenges facing the immigrant rights movement in the Trump era. It suggests that new political challenges have contributed to further splintering the movement. The chapter also describes how the new difficulties are rooted in problems that had metastasized over the previous fifteen years.

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Book SynopsisIn the months leading up to the 2016 presidential election, liberal outcry over ethnonationalist views promoted a vision of America as a nation of immigrants. Given the pervasiveness of this rhetoric, it can be easy to overlook the fact that the immigrant rights movement began in the US relatively recently. This book tells the story of its grassroots origins, through its meteoric rise to the national stage. Starting in the 1990s, the immigrant rights movement slowly cohered over the demand for comprehensive federal reform of immigration policy. Activists called for a new framework of citizenship, arguing that immigrants deserved legal status based on their strong affiliation with American values. During the Obama administration, leaders were granted unprecedented political access and millions of dollars in support. The national spotlight, however, came with unforeseen pressures—growing inequalities between factions and restrictions on challenging mainstream views. Such tradeoffs eventually shattered the united front. The Immigrant Rights Movement tells the story of a vibrant movement to change the meaning of national citizenship, that ultimately became enmeshed in the system that it sought to transform.Trade Review"This book offers a lucid and highly readable analysis of the modern U.S. immigrant rights movement. Systematically documenting the contribution of local struggles in the late 20th century to the movement's national consolidation in the 2000s and its more recent re-fragmentation, Nicholls' behind-the-scenes account carefully exposes the tensions between grassroots immigrant rights activism and national-level realpolitik. An important contribution." -- Ruth Milkman * CUNY Graduate Center, author of L.A. Story: Immigrant Workers and the Future of the U.S. Labor Movement *"The Immigrant Rights Movement's historical and geographic sweep is remarkable: it extends far beyond existing accounts, which tend to either focus on the 2006 protests or to present case studies of immigrant mobilization in one or two places. Theoretically rich and empirically rigorous, the book will set the terms for the debate about the best way forward for the immigrant rights movement for many years to come." -- Kim Voss * University of California, Berkeley *"This timely book explains the successes and challenges of pro-immigration activism in the United States. Its provocative argument raises tough practical and theoretical questions about the political costs of nationalizing and professionalizing social movements." -- David Scott FitzGerald * author of Refuge beyond Reach: How Rich Democracies Repel Asylum Seekers *"In this daring volume Nicholls looks beyond the achievements and failures of the ever-developing immigrant rights' movement in the US to explore how the movement has changed the discourse, the scope, and the descriptive nature of national citizenship....In this highly accessible and readable book, Nicholls weaves together political and social theory throughout, making this text especially useful for classroom incorporation. Highly recommended." -- R. A. Harper * CHOICE *"Future research could easily build on Nicholls's brilliant work....Rigorously corroborated, theoretically inspiring, and yet impressively readable, this book has much to offer students and scholars at all levels." -- Kevin Lee * Journal of Urban Affairs *"Nicholls's meticulous institutional analysis spans decades....the book offers us an invaluable critique of nationalism itself." -- Miranda C. Hallett * American Ethnologist *"The Immigrant Rights Movement is a must-read for anyone interested in migration rights, social movements, and the institutional reproduction of inequality. Nicholls provides an array of qualitative data, different forms of data presentation, and thought-provoking arguments about the constraints and opportunities of social movements. Though focused on immigration, this timely book generates broad reflection on the relationship between social movements and philanthropy, and debates about how disciplining a social movement occurs through the political elite." -- Blanca Ramirez * Mobilization *"Nicholls's book convincingly highlights a key paradox that advocates and activists face when moving into the political field: the same conditions that allowed immigrant rights movements to become a political force wound up binding the movement to the very system it sought to change." -- Ana Hontanilla * Latin American Research Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe introduction provides readers with a basic overview of the book's central concepts and arguments. It suggests that today's immigrant rights movement has its roots in local battles scattered throughout the country. It maps out how these local fights emerged and goes on to discuss their aggregation into a national social movement. 1The Rights of Immigrants in the Nation chapter abstractSome scholars have argued that globalization and transnational migration have weakened the importance of national citizenship. This theoretical chapter addresses this central issue. It suggests that national citizenship is still very much intact and constrains how immigrant rights activists develop their claims and demands. By engaging with various literatures including citizenship studies, social movement, and immigration, the chapter aims to explain the continued caging powers of the nation state over the thoughts, words, and actions of activists. 2Suburbia Must be Defended chapter abstractThe chapter explores the local conditions that helped give rise to ethnonational arguments by examining local responses to immigrant day laborers. By drawing on materials from the 1990s, the chapter maintains that the public assembly of Latino immigrants on street corners disrupted the everyday life suburban residents. Such disruptions propelled thousands of people to step in and debate the meanings of citizenship. From this cauldron of conflicting passions emerged a particular understanding of citizenship that was ethnonationalist, exclusionary, and revanchist. This was an ethnic understanding of citizenship backed by an increasingly violent and exclusionary state. 3Resisting Ethnonationalism, One Town at a Time chapter abstractThe chapter examines how pro-immigrant groups bubbled up in suburban towns around the county and pushed back on their anti-immigrant neighbors. It does so by first describing early resistances by day laborers and their diverse range of supporters. The chapter goes on to describe how some local mobilizations snow-balled into sizeable struggles mostly anchored by regional immigrant rights organizations. The chapter finishes by showing how many campaigns succeeded in stopping many restrictive ordinances. 4Regionalizing the Fight for Immigrant Rights: The Case of Los Angeles chapter abstractMetropolitan Los Angeles is used as a case to illustrate how immigrant rights activism shifted to the regional scale. The chapter begins with a very local conflict over day laborers in the suburb of Pasadena. It examines how highly precarious immigrants stepped out of the proverbial shadows to resist their criminalization in the city. Following this discussion, the chapter proceeds to a discussion of the regionalization of the struggle. Center for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles (CHIRLA) played a pivotal role in connecting and coordinating battles unfolding across the metropolitan area. 5The Resurgent Nation State chapter abstractFrom the mid 1990s onwards, the federal government became increasingly active in the area of immigration. It passed more restrictive laws and policies and invested more money in enforcement. Moreover, elected officials began to talk more about immigration and immigration reform than ever. The federal government's symbolic and legal power were overwhelming in shaping the parameters of national citizenship. For immigrant rights activists who had spent their formative years in local political trenches, it became increasingly important to shift scale and enter national politics. 6Entering the Field of National Citizenship chapter abstractThe chapter addresses the shift to national politics by examining the creation of a countrywide social movement infrastructure. Well-endowed and politically connected national organizations worked with prominent local organizations to form a string of new coalitions with national-level reach. The primary goal of these coalitions was to create a vehicle to pursue comprehensive immigration reform. Washington D.C.-based organizations sat at the helm of the coalitions and reached out to local organizations in immigrant rich metropolitan areas. These organizations co-sponsored meetings, trainings, and other events. The coalitions fashioned new instruments (organizations, networks, communication networks, trainings and workshops) to transmit understandings about rights, immigration reform, and citizenship from the centers of power (Washington D.C.) to immigrant communities around the country. 7Money Makes the Movement chapter abstractThe funding pie grew much larger in the 2000s and 2010s. The financial bounty enabled leading organizations to create the infrastructure underlying the mainstream immigrant rights movement. They could afford to undertake costly communications research. They had the resources to generate training materials and run local workshops in localities across the country. Well-resourced organizations could afford to lobby national politicians and develop relations with political elite. The infusion of money enabled an unprecedented level of coordination, but the wealth and professionalization of national organizations contributed to sharpening inequalities and a veritable class divide in the social movement. 8A Seat at the Table chapter abstractThe Obama administration provided advocacy organizations extraordinary access. The leading organizations had many meetings with White House officials and congressional leaders. Strong ties with federal policymakers and politicians also provided movement leaders with direct access to valuable information. Access did not, however, result in much political influence. During a period of unprecedented access, the Obama White House did not prioritize comprehensive immigration reform during its first term. The White House and its Senate allies believed that they needed to burnish their deportation credentials in order to win broad support from reluctant Republicans. Between 2009 and 2013, the Obama administration removed approximately 400,000 unauthorized immigrants a year. Thus, in spite of its enormous reservoirs of political capital, the leadership of the immigrant rights movement was not able exercise great influence over federal immigration policy. 9Making Immigrants American chapter abstractThis chapter examine how the movement generated public representations of immigrants in their battle for comprehensive immigration reform. Entry into the national field precipitated a process of selecting one master frame (liberal nationalism) over others (territorial personhood, postnationalism). Following the failure to pass immigration reform in 2007, the leadership initiated a broad campaign to change how Americans viewed immigrants. They set out to generate a disciplined message that would resonate with hearts and minds of average Americans. Liberal nationalism provided advocates with the language, ideas, sentiments, and narratives to effectively construct a message of immigrant deservingness. America was, they argued, a nation of immigrants and immigrants possessed essential attributes (assimilated in norms and culture, contributing, innocent) that made them deserving of membership. Conclusion: Where We Stand chapter abstractThe concluding chapter assesses the challenges facing the immigrant rights movement in the Trump era. It suggests that new political challenges have contributed to further splintering the movement. The chapter also describes how the new difficulties are rooted in problems that had metastasized over the previous fifteen years.

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Book SynopsisA new American creed has reconstructed the social contract. Generations from 1890 to 1940 took for granted that citizenship entailed voting, volunteering, religiosity, and civic consciousness. Conspicuously, the WWII generation introduced collectivist notions of civic obligations—but such obligations have since become regarded as options. In this book, David H. Kamens takes this basic shift as his starting point for exploring numerous trends in American political culture from the 1930s to the present day. Drawing on and synthesizing an enormous array of primary and secondary materials, Kamens examines the critical role of macro social changes, such as the growth and expansion of government and education, often in response to the emergence of globalization. From these tectonic shifts erupted numerous ripple effects, such as the decline of traditional citizen values, the rise of individualism, loss of trust in institutions, anti-elitism, and dramatic political polarization. In this context, antagonism to government as an enemy of personal freedom grew, creating a space for populist movements to blossom, unrestrained by traditional political parties. Beyond painting a comprehensive picture of our current political landscape, Kamens offers an invaluable archive documenting the steps that got us here. Trade Review"Kamens provides an impressive depiction of historic American political culture – individualist and anti-statist – as explaining current public crises and conflicts. From this point of view, the contemporary scene is less exceptional than the period of mobilized consensus from the 1930s through the '80s. This creative book will be of great interest to those thinking about the future of American democracy, especially as globalization disconnects empowered individuals from the responsibilities and constraints of citizenship." -- John W. Meyer, Professor Emeritus of Sociology * Stanford University *"In the tradition of Tocqueville, Almond and Verba, and Lipset, David Kamens provides a sweeping analysis of the U.S. polity, paying special attention to its distinctive development from the 1930s and the distinctive predicament it is in today. The book is masterfully crafted and urgently needed at this moment of harrowing political crisis." -- David John Frank, Professor of Sociology * University of California, Irvine *"A New American Creed is so rich in data and original insights—of which this review can barely scratch the surface—that it should be required reading for every officeholder, candidate, and voter interested in understanding the current political climate, how we got here, and whether the situation is reparable." -- Karen Lyon * The Hill Rag *"[Kamens'] conclusions are sobering, to say the least. He worries about the rise of individualism and whether it can coexist with a stable and viable political community....Can [US political parties] manage polarization and provide stability to the political system? Kamens offers little hope that they can. Recommended." -- E. C. Sands * CHOICE> *"A New American Creed: The Eclipse of Citizenship and Rise of Populism provides a sophisticated analysis of a fundamental issue of our times – the nature of contemporary American democracy. Kamens makes an unparalleled case for understanding prominent features of recent decades, such as the rise of populism and nativism, as emerging in part due to long-term cultural and institutional changes at national and global levels. He reminds us that the reconstruction of the individual actor as the primary focus of social, political, and economic action facilitates, on the one hand, the expansion of civil rights to historically marginalized groups, but, on the other hand, simultaneously undercuts the emergence of a strong welfare state and allows for massive inequality. This theoretically innovative and well-argued book is a must-read for anyone interested in the present and future of American democracy." -- Patricia Bromley, Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Education * Stanford University *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Introduction chapter abstractThe book argues that global events of the 1930s and the following decades temporarily suspended key elements of the American creed. The role of government became enlarged and a regulated capitalism emerged. The decades of the post–1960s witnessed a reaction to these changes. An expanded education system legitimated a surge in individualism and a decline in citizen obligations. Emphasis on individual rights swelled, and individual responsibilities became options. Fear of government as an enemy of individual freedoms also grew. These developments were the seeds out of which social and political polarization later grew. They also provided support for intensified anti-elitism and its political offspring—anti-establishment populism. 2The United States in Comparative Perspective chapter abstractThis chapter surveys the elements of the traditional American creed. It is the narrative of a frontier society that deemphasizes diversity of opinion and culture. In its place this ethos imagines that all legitimate citizens share a diffuse religion called the American way. In this depiction this common belief system is the glue that holds society together society in lieu of a strong state. It places a high value on conformity, though equality of all citizens and individualism are also parts of the creed. This folk culture supports populism as a political philosophy and source of political action, anti-intellectualism and anti-scientific attitudes, and exclusion of those who do not share this folk culture. Yet it provides staunch support for deregulated capitalism and technological innovation. This chapter shows with comparative public opinion data that U.S. political culture continues to be different from that of other wealthy democracies. 3The Embedded State chapter abstractThis chapter argues that American government is more embedded in society than European democracies. This means that the boundaries between state and civil society are weaker in the United States. This form of populist democracy compels government officials to bargain with citizen groups over policy. This feature helps account for the rapidity with which American society can mobilize policy and resources if there is a popular consensus for change. The same feature also allows for rapid demobilization once popular interest has waned or when the public mood changes. Politicians avoid legitimacy crises by using a form of decision making that produces consensus but gives less weight to cost control and the evaluation of outcomes. Congress passes legislation with broad goals. Decision makers in regulatory agencies must then interpret the statutes and formulate the working rules and outcomes. Cost control and evaluation of outcomes fall by the wayside in this process. 4The Collectivist Moment chapter abstractThe argument of this chapter is that the Great Depression of the 1930s initiated a period of suspension of the classic American creed. Suddenly government became legitimate as a collective actor in the struggle against a major economic catastrophe. But its form did not change. The center distributed resources and new authority to local governments. The federal government did not centralize policy control because of the preferences of Southern Democrats. The 1950s continued this process with the growth of the national security state and the threat of the Cold War. The perception of external threats also acted as a check on populism during this period. 5The Liberal Activist Society chapter abstractThe optimism of the 1950s led to resurgence of two key elements of the American creed: individualism and deregulated capitalism. Two movements developed around these themes. First, movements pushing for the extension of individual rights and freedoms resurfaced. Second, business groups began the fight against a regulated economy. Liberals supporting the first agenda pushed for more government spending to expand the welfare state and education. The idea of the knowledge society was born. Supporting education and the expansion of universities and science became legitimate government responsibilities. Government funding for them soared. Civil society responded by backing social movements pushing for the extension of individual rights. But support for government expansion became contentious among business groups and conservatives. Opposition to this plank of liberalism was growing. 6The Intensification of Individualism and the Displacement of Citizenship chapter abstractThis chapter argues that the individual has become the main social construct of society. Its significance displaces the idea of citizenship, which includes a variety of obligations as well as rights. Becoming educated has become the major responsibility of children and parents. Education is now the secular religion of society and the way to produce rational and moral individuals. One result is to reduce the charisma and authority of many institutions and to confer it on educated individuals. This transformation of authority in society has paved the way for radical forms of populism based on generalized anti-elitism. 7The Growth of Big Government and the Conservative Counterattack chapter abstractThis chapter argues that government growth produced a backlash from those who saw it as an attack on a key feature of the American creed: the hegemony of capitalism in America. The chapter describes the decline of the liberal state and the growing unwillingness of political elites to fund it. Business elites fought the regulated capitalism of the postwar period by mobilizing politically. These attacks escalated and focused on starving government of funds both by cutting taxes, particularly on business and the wealthy, and by refusing to borrow money to finance government projects. They successfully revived that part of the American creed that supported individual freedom to thrive through their own economic efforts. The chapter also describes key changes in society that result from an expanded state. 8The Breakup of the Postwar Order chapter abstractThis chapter describes the dissent that emerged in the post–1960s era. It argues that conflict grew around two elements of the American creed: the extension of individual freedoms and rights that was occurring and government regulation of capitalism. These splits produced four separate political cultures that neither political party has been able to contain. Two majoritarian positions have emerged: majorities favor the extension of civil rights and freedoms to many, and majorities favor less regulation of capitalism and the economy. But there are strong minorities who dissent from both these positions. Moral conservatives and the religious have reservations on many issues such as abortion and homosexuality. On the other hand, people who define themselves as progressives argue for more regulation of industry and the economy, such as pollution regulations and worker rights. Political entrepreneurs and the media have seized on these issues and have produced a more polarized society. 9The Intensification of Populism and the Declining Legitimacy of Elites chapter abstractThis chapter argues that the new populism castigates all elites in society as illegitimate. It has arisen and become successful because of two major changes in American society. First, the intensification of individualism has transferred authority to individuals and undermined that of elites in society. Second, the breakdown of the center and the failure of both parties to deal with economic and other problems has opened up space for radical alternatives to flourish. The chapter discusses the types of populism that emerge and the way that economic and cultural discourse becomes connected to intensify populist antagonism to particular sets of others. 10From Consensus to Culture Wars chapter abstractThis chapter notes that local community politics is much less polarized than the national political debate. This fact suggests that it is national institutions that are responsible for the new politics of polarization. The chapter discusses the sources of this change: (1) the changing trajectories of the political parties, (2) deregulation of the national media, and (3) the increasing importance of social media as megaphones of extremism. 11Conclusion chapter abstractThis chapter discusses three issues raised by the book: (1) whether individualism can be the basis for national solidarity, (2) the future of the current polarization of politics, and (3) populism and its future. It presents several different possibilities and cautions that these futures will be determined by both what happens in the United States and the fate of globalization itself.

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Book SynopsisAfter three decades of massive rural-to-urban migration in China, a burgeoning population of over 35 million second-generation migrants living in its cities poses a challenge to socialist modes of population management and urban governance. In The Inconvenient Generation, Minhua Ling offers the first longitudinal study of these migrant youth from middle school to the labor market in the years after the Shanghai municipal government partially opened its public school system to them. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic data, Ling follows the trajectories of dozens of children coming of age at a time of competing economic and social imperatives, and its everyday ramifications on their sense of identity, educational outcomes, and citizenship claims. Under policies and practices of segmented inclusion, they are inevitably funneled through the school system toward a life of manual labor. Illuminating the aspirations and strategies of these young men and women, Ling captures their experiences against the backdrop of a reemergent global Shanghai.Trade Review"Ranging across all the main sites of social life – work, school, leisure, reproduction – Minhua Ling's comprehensive, meticulous, and valuable ethnography gives a worm's-eye view of life for Shanghai's second-generation migrant youth. On the city's edges and living in insecure, often ramshackle homes, they seek to shape a meaningful life and sense of personal worth under multiple pressures of marginalization, but they are the fastest-growing segment of a soon-to-be mostly migrant city. This picture of Shanghai shows us some of the results of the world's largest-ever human migration and the likely future dimensions of suffering and belonging in mega-cities everywhere."—Paul Willis, author of Learning to Labour"Minhua Ling's sensitive, fine-grained narrative of what she terms 'the inconvenient generation' affords a periscopic vision of ongoing state-structured discrimination against the children of rural migrants as this second generation comes of age. The reader can only ache over her poignant presentation of cosmopolitan dreams and dashed hopes as these young people's onward avenues remain blocked, some three and a half decades since their forebears set forth for the cities. The author's sharp eye, analytical acuity, and compassion have produced an engrossing, empathetic chronicle."—Dorothy J. Solinger, author of Contesting Citizenship in Urban China"Based on an in-depth longitudinal study, The Inconvenient Generation offers an original and riveting ethnographic account of the lived experience of second-generation Chinese migrant youth in a rapidly changing global Shanghai. Beautifully crafted, it is a poignant story about coming of age as 'liminal subjects,' who are caught in China's persistent rural/urban divide and yet strive to attain their dreams and aspirations while facing an unforgiving reality shaped by the urban citizenship regime, a massive demand for manual labor, and segmented inclusion."—Li Zhang, author of Strangers in the City and In Search of Paradise"Minhua Ling offers an incisive account of the segmented inclusion and unequal citizenship facing millions of migrant youths in fast-changing Shanghai....By skilfully interweaving qualitative data with fresh analysis, Ling invites readers to reflect on the long-standing mechanisms of social inequality and their direct impact on the people."—Jenny Chan, Journal of Asian Studies

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Book SynopsisAfter three decades of massive rural-to-urban migration in China, a burgeoning population of over 35 million second-generation migrants living in its cities poses a challenge to socialist modes of population management and urban governance. In The Inconvenient Generation, Minhua Ling offers the first longitudinal study of these migrant youth from middle school to the labor market in the years after the Shanghai municipal government partially opened its public school system to them. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic data, Ling follows the trajectories of dozens of children coming of age at a time of competing economic and social imperatives, and its everyday ramifications on their sense of identity, educational outcomes, and citizenship claims. Under policies and practices of segmented inclusion, they are inevitably funneled through the school system toward a life of manual labor. Illuminating the aspirations and strategies of these young men and women, Ling captures their experiences against the backdrop of a reemergent global Shanghai.Trade Review"Ranging across all the main sites of social life – work, school, leisure, reproduction – Minhua Ling's comprehensive, meticulous, and valuable ethnography gives a worm's-eye view of life for Shanghai's second-generation migrant youth. On the city's edges and living in insecure, often ramshackle homes, they seek to shape a meaningful life and sense of personal worth under multiple pressures of marginalization, but they are the fastest-growing segment of a soon-to-be mostly migrant city. This picture of Shanghai shows us some of the results of the world's largest-ever human migration and the likely future dimensions of suffering and belonging in mega-cities everywhere."—Paul Willis, author of Learning to Labour"Minhua Ling's sensitive, fine-grained narrative of what she terms 'the inconvenient generation' affords a periscopic vision of ongoing state-structured discrimination against the children of rural migrants as this second generation comes of age. The reader can only ache over her poignant presentation of cosmopolitan dreams and dashed hopes as these young people's onward avenues remain blocked, some three and a half decades since their forebears set forth for the cities. The author's sharp eye, analytical acuity, and compassion have produced an engrossing, empathetic chronicle."—Dorothy J. Solinger, author of Contesting Citizenship in Urban China"Based on an in-depth longitudinal study, The Inconvenient Generation offers an original and riveting ethnographic account of the lived experience of second-generation Chinese migrant youth in a rapidly changing global Shanghai. Beautifully crafted, it is a poignant story about coming of age as 'liminal subjects,' who are caught in China's persistent rural/urban divide and yet strive to attain their dreams and aspirations while facing an unforgiving reality shaped by the urban citizenship regime, a massive demand for manual labor, and segmented inclusion."—Li Zhang, author of Strangers in the City and In Search of Paradise"Minhua Ling offers an incisive account of the segmented inclusion and unequal citizenship facing millions of migrant youths in fast-changing Shanghai....By skilfully interweaving qualitative data with fresh analysis, Ling invites readers to reflect on the long-standing mechanisms of social inequality and their direct impact on the people."—Jenny Chan, Journal of Asian Studies

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Book SynopsisPursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era provides readers with the everyday perspectives of immigrants on what it is like to try to integrate into American society during a time when immigration policy is focused on enforcement and exclusion. The law says that everyone who is not a citizen is an alien. But the social reality is more complicated. Ming Hsu Chen argues that the citizen/alien binary should instead be reframed as a spectrum of citizenship, a concept that emphasizes continuities between the otherwise distinct experiences of membership and belonging for immigrants seeking to become citizens. To understand citizenship from the perspective of noncitizens, this book utilizes interviews with more than one-hundred immigrants of varying legal statuses about their attempts to integrate economically, socially, politically, and legally during a modern era of intense immigration enforcement. Studying the experiences of green card holders, refugees, military service members, temporary workers, international students, and undocumented immigrants uncovers the common plight that underlies their distinctions: limited legal status breeds a sense of citizenship insecurity for all immigrants that inhibits their full integration into society. Bringing together theories of citizenship with empirical data on integration and analysis of contemporary policy, Chen builds a case that formal citizenship status matters more than ever during times of enforcement and argues for constructing pathways to citizenship that enhance both formal and substantive equality of immigrants.Trade Review"Ming Hsu Chen writes with great intelligence and compassion about the frightening reality of attempting to pursue citizenship in a moment when every interaction with the federal government also involves tremendous risk. She brings to life the struggle of recently arrived immigrants who want to integrate more fully into American society, even as federal policy seeks to exclude as many as possible. The complexities of constantly changing and sometimes even contradictory immigration laws are explained and the true predicaments of well-intentioned immigrants who seek only to follow the law to the best of their understanding are illuminated. Chen does a masterful job."—Helen Thorpe, author of The Newcomers: Finding Refuge, Friendship, and Hope in America"As much critique as corrective vision, Ming Chen's powerful book brings us revelatory conversations with immigrants seeking to become citizens. Their experiences, frustrations, and dreams shine sharp spotlights on the official barriers they face—and on our shared humanity."—Ian F. Haney López, University of California, Berkeley"Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era offers a nuanced analysis of the complex relationship between the legal status of citizenship and real belonging to U.S. society. Drawing on wide-ranging interviews, Ming Chen shows how overemphasizing immigration enforcement undermines the integration of immigrants and their potential to make society more cohesive. This is trail-blazing scholarship on how immigrants become citizens."—Hiroshi Motomura, UCLA School of Law"Chen makes a compelling case that federal government can and should do more—much more—to integrate its residents by supporting access to citizenship. With a clear-eyed picture of the functional benefits of formal citizenship, this book offers a thoughtful policy roadmap for achieving that goal."—Jennifer Chacón, UCLA School of Law"Chen here demands that we migration scholars stake a deeper claim in the changes that are needed to ensure all of our well-being.Pursuing Citizenshipis an essential read for all of us committed to accepting that challenge."—Shannon Gleeson, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books"Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era provides a powerful account of the struggles that many noncitizens and their families faced during the increased immigration enforcement of the Trump era... Chen offers a strong defense of formal citizenship, particularly in contexts where immigration enforcement is prioritized, because of its impact on one's sense of equality and community membership."—Rose Cuison-Villazor, Michigan Law ReviewTable of Contents1. Pursuing Citizenship in the Enforcement Era 2. Unequal Citizenship: Gaps in Formal and Substantive Citizenship 3. Winding Pathways to Citizenship 4. Barriers to Formal Citizenship 5. Blocked Pathways to Full Citizenship 6. Constructing Pathways to Full Citizenship

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Book SynopsisIn the last 30 years, Delhi, the capital of India, has displaced over 1.5 million poor people. Resettlement and welfare services are available—but exclusively so, as the city deems much of the population ineligible for civic benefits. The Right to Be Counted examines how Delhi's urban poor, in an effort to gain visibility from the local state, incrementally stake their claims to a house and life in the city. Contributing to debates about the contradictions of state governmentality and the citizenship projects of the poor in Delhi, this book explores social suffering, logistics, and the logic of political mobilizations that emanate from processes of displacement and resettlement. Sanjeev Routray draws upon fieldwork conducted in various low-income neighborhoods throughout the 2010s to describe the process of claims-making as an attempt by the political community of the poor to assert its existence and numerical strength, and demonstrates how this struggle to be counted constitutes the systematic, protracted, and incremental political process by which the poor claim their substantive entitlements and become entrenched in the city. Analyzing various social, political, and economic relationships, as well as kinship networks and solidarity linkages across the political and social spectrum, this book traces the ways the poor work to gain a foothold in Delhi and establish agency for themselves.Trade Review"The Right to Be Counted presents a rich ethnographic analysis of the range of strategies adopted by displaced populations crowding into urban slums to stake their claim to belong to the city. Routray's depiction of 'numerical citizenship' is persuasive and enlightening. This is a valuable addition to the growing literature on popular politics in megacities."—Partha Chatterjee, Columbia University"This is a 'how things work' book of top quality. With deep, analytical, thoughtful scholarship, Routray provides one of the clearest and most accessible accounts of how the poor fight to make a home in Delhi."—Durba Chattaraj, Ashoka University"Routray offers an impressive and authoritative account that displays a remarkable ability to synthesize interdisciplinary ideas from across disciplines and geographies, while always building his theorizing from a deep commitment to a historically informed ethnography. I learned so much about the relationship between housing, politics and citizenship in Delhi, and beyond. I am sure this text will resonate well beyond its origins."—Ryan Powell, Housing Studies"Routray's book highlights how the logics of planning are employed not only by the powerful to suit the interests of global city making but also by marginalized communities to resist processes of uprooting and work to secure the rights of urban citizenship. The author navigates the difficult task of arguing for the agency of Delhi's urban poor while documenting the profound injustice and suffering they endure in the process."—Shoshana Goldstein, Journal of the American Planning Association

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Book SynopsisIn the last 30 years, Delhi, the capital of India, has displaced over 1.5 million poor people. Resettlement and welfare services are available—but exclusively so, as the city deems much of the population ineligible for civic benefits. The Right to Be Counted examines how Delhi's urban poor, in an effort to gain visibility from the local state, incrementally stake their claims to a house and life in the city. Contributing to debates about the contradictions of state governmentality and the citizenship projects of the poor in Delhi, this book explores social suffering, logistics, and the logic of political mobilizations that emanate from processes of displacement and resettlement. Sanjeev Routray draws upon fieldwork conducted in various low-income neighborhoods throughout the 2010s to describe the process of claims-making as an attempt by the political community of the poor to assert its existence and numerical strength, and demonstrates how this struggle to be counted constitutes the systematic, protracted, and incremental political process by which the poor claim their substantive entitlements and become entrenched in the city. Analyzing various social, political, and economic relationships, as well as kinship networks and solidarity linkages across the political and social spectrum, this book traces the ways the poor work to gain a foothold in Delhi and establish agency for themselves.Trade Review"The Right to Be Counted presents a rich ethnographic analysis of the range of strategies adopted by displaced populations crowding into urban slums to stake their claim to belong to the city. Routray's depiction of 'numerical citizenship' is persuasive and enlightening. This is a valuable addition to the growing literature on popular politics in megacities."—Partha Chatterjee, Columbia University"This is a 'how things work' book of top quality. With deep, analytical, thoughtful scholarship, Routray provides one of the clearest and most accessible accounts of how the poor fight to make a home in Delhi."—Durba Chattaraj, Ashoka University"Routray offers an impressive and authoritative account that displays a remarkable ability to synthesize interdisciplinary ideas from across disciplines and geographies, while always building his theorizing from a deep commitment to a historically informed ethnography. I learned so much about the relationship between housing, politics and citizenship in Delhi, and beyond. I am sure this text will resonate well beyond its origins."—Ryan Powell, Housing Studies"Routray's book highlights how the logics of planning are employed not only by the powerful to suit the interests of global city making but also by marginalized communities to resist processes of uprooting and work to secure the rights of urban citizenship. The author navigates the difficult task of arguing for the agency of Delhi's urban poor while documenting the profound injustice and suffering they endure in the process."—Shoshana Goldstein, Journal of the American Planning Association

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Book SynopsisA wartime manifesto on the moral obligations of democratic citizens from the most influential first lady in American history. With the threat of the Third Reich looming, Eleanor Roosevelt employs the history of human rights to establish the idea that at the core of democracy is a spiritual responsibility to other citizens. Roosevelt then calls on all Americans, especially the youth, to prioritize the well-being of others and have faith that their fellow citizens will protect them in return. She defines this trust between people as a trait of true democracy. Roosevelt advances an optimistic model for the democracy of the future, and although we’ve taken some steps in the direction of her vision, it’s still a long way from reality. The issues first addressed in this 1940 essay—namely financial inequality and racial discrimination—are sadly still relevant today, as bigotry continues to undermine our national unity. Her first publication as first lady, The Moral Basis of Democracy is an honest and heartfelt call for all Americans to choose love and faith over hatred and fear. Roosevelt takes an inspiring stance in defense of democracy, progress, and morality; the wisdom imparted here is timeless, and a must-read for every American. This edition features a foreword by Rev. Carol Howard Merritt, an introduction by Roosevelt historian Allida Black, PhD, and an illustrated biography of Eleanor Roosevelt including images from the author’s estate.

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Book SynopsisFrom flag-waving to the singing of national anthems, the practices and symbols ofpatriotism are inescapable, and modern politics is increasingly full of appeals topatriotic fervour. But if no-one chooses where they were born, and our ethicalobligations transcend national boundaries, then does patriotism make any sense? Doesit encourage an uncritical attachment to the status quo, or is it a crucial way ofunderstanding and applying our freedoms and moral duties? In this engaging book, Charles Jones and Richard Vernon guide us through thesequestions with razor-sharp clarity. They examine the different ways patriotism has beendefended and explained, from a republican attachment to free and democraticinstitutions to an ethical and historical fabric that makes our entire moral life andidentity possible. They outline its relationship to a range of other key concepts, such asnationalism and cosmopolitanism, and skilfully analyse the issues surroundingpartiality to country and whether we should prioritise the welfare of our compatriotsover outsiders. This concise and lucid volume will be essential for both students and general readerswishing to understand the contemporary resonance and historical development ofpatriotism, and how it intersects with debates about global justice, cosmopolitanismand nationalism.Trade Review"Jones and Vernon’s Patriotism is simply the best available introduction to the tangled questions about citizenship and belonging that roil contemporary political theory. They write with unfailing grace and clarity, their command of the relevant scholarship is peerless, and they are scrupulously fair to rival viewpoints. They deserve a very wide readership."—Eamonn Callan, Stanford University "In this timely work Charles Jones and Richard Vernon comprehensively examine the idea of patriotism, the different forms it might take, and how it might relate to other important concepts including nationalism and cosmopolitanism. This is a rich and accessible introduction to an important idea playing a key role in current political discourse."—Gillian Brock, University of Auckland "This book is a subtle and elegant discussion of the nature of patriotism, which manages to survey a vast literature without pedantry, while lucidly and persuasively defending a particular conception of love of country."—K. Anthony Appiah, New York UniversityTable of Contents Contents Introduction Chapter 1: Community, Loyalty, and Partiality Chapter 2: Nationalism, Patriotism, and Cosmopolitanism Chapter 3: The Republican Alternative Chapter 4: Special Concern for Our Compatriots Conclusion: A Subsidiarity Defence References

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Book SynopsisFrom flag-waving to the singing of national anthems, the practices and symbols ofpatriotism are inescapable, and modern politics is increasingly full of appeals topatriotic fervour. But if no-one chooses where they were born, and our ethicalobligations transcend national boundaries, then does patriotism make any sense? Doesit encourage an uncritical attachment to the status quo, or is it a crucial way ofunderstanding and applying our freedoms and moral duties? In this engaging book, Charles Jones and Richard Vernon guide us through thesequestions with razor-sharp clarity. They examine the different ways patriotism has beendefended and explained, from a republican attachment to free and democraticinstitutions to an ethical and historical fabric that makes our entire moral life andidentity possible. They outline its relationship to a range of other key concepts, such asnationalism and cosmopolitanism, and skilfully analyse the issues surroundingpartiality to country and whether we should prioritise the welfare of our compatriotsover outsiders. This concise and lucid volume will be essential for both students and general readerswishing to understand the contemporary resonance and historical development ofpatriotism, and how it intersects with debates about global justice, cosmopolitanismand nationalism.Trade Review"Jones and Vernon’s Patriotism is simply the best available introduction to the tangled questions about citizenship and belonging that roil contemporary political theory. They write with unfailing grace and clarity, their command of the relevant scholarship is peerless, and they are scrupulously fair to rival viewpoints. They deserve a very wide readership."—Eamonn Callan, Stanford University "In this timely work Charles Jones and Richard Vernon comprehensively examine the idea of patriotism, the different forms it might take, and how it might relate to other important concepts including nationalism and cosmopolitanism. This is a rich and accessible introduction to an important idea playing a key role in current political discourse."—Gillian Brock, University of Auckland "This book is a subtle and elegant discussion of the nature of patriotism, which manages to survey a vast literature without pedantry, while lucidly and persuasively defending a particular conception of love of country."—K. Anthony Appiah, New York UniversityTable of Contents Contents Introduction Chapter 1: Community, Loyalty, and Partiality Chapter 2: Nationalism, Patriotism, and Cosmopolitanism Chapter 3: The Republican Alternative Chapter 4: Special Concern for Our Compatriots Conclusion: A Subsidiarity Defence References

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Book SynopsisCan universal human rights and different national citizenship regimes ever be compatible? This book argues that they can’t, setting out a legal-philosophical critique of the tension between both. It explores whether the emergence of postnational models of citizenship that aim at decoupling human rights and citizenship succeed in overcoming tensions between the universal (multiculturalism; universal human rights; postnational values) and the particular (citizenship; borders; national values and diverse local narratives). As a result of this exploration, the author argues that it is illegitimate to speak of universal human rights, universal human dignity, or universal social justice. It is only by recognising this reality that a much needed transformation of human rights and citizenship can be undertaken in a meaningful way. This provocative and compelling work will appeal to both human rights and citizenship lawyers, as well as others involved in human rights law at NGOs, governments, international organisations – and indeed anyone with an interest in the subject of how human rights evolved and new concepts for the future.Table of ContentsTable of Legislation Introduction 1. Philosophical Roots of the Concept of Humanity I. Ancient Greek Ideas Regarding Humanity and Citizenship II. Stoic Ideas of Humanity III. The Christian Idea of Humanity IV. The Enlightenment, Abstract Humanity and Universalism V. Kant’s Conception of Humanity VI. Marx, Nietzsche and Freud: Towards a New Idea of Humanity and Political Subjectivity? 2. Foundations of Dignity and Human Rights I. Introduction II. The Human Soul in Greek Philosophy III. Dignity in the Christian Tradition IV. The Enlightenment, Kant and Human Dignity V. The Early French and US Declarations of Human Rights VI. Human Dignity in the Modern Human Rights Discourse 3. Ideas of Universal Human Rights versus Citizenship I. Introduction II. The Problem with Decoupling Human Rights and Citizenship III. Human Rights Dichotomies IV. Questioning the Universality of Human Rights 4. Ideas of World Citizenship: Attempting to Overcome the Conflict between the Exclusive and the Universal I. Introduction II. The Origins of Cosmopolitanism III. Global Citizenship and Human Rights 5. A New Framework of Global Human Rights I. Introduction II. A Postmodern Global Society without Borders? III. New Conceptions of Global Human Rights IV. A Theory of Global Human Rights Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisPalestinians have used the language of human rights to articulate their struggle against the Israeli occupation and internationalise the injustices they face. Palestinian young people learning about human rights at school experience a dissonance between the aspirational and internationalised framework of those norms and the layers of injustice of their own lived experience. Drawing on research in the occupied West Bank, this book explores the three layers of marginalisation faced by Palestinian young people the Israeli occupation that denies them their humanity; the Palestinian pseudo-state that denies them a voice; and patriarchal structures that deny them agency to show how these barriers influence their understanding of, and scepticism towards, human rights. Influenced by decolonial theories, this book illuminates how space needs to be created for the counter-narratives of the oppressed in human rights discourse, which may not align with more conventional representations of human rights. It contends that human rights and, by extension, human rights education in the Palestinian context (and beyond) needs to be critiqued, decolonised and ultimately transformed.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to civic participation and the best opportunities for volunteering.We are proud residents of the land of the free and the home of the brave, but how often do we actually get involved and do anything to make a difference? The lifeblood of democracy is volunteering, and Make a Difference teaches readers how to get in the game and help!Volunteers are needed in record numbers. People are in trouble, and they are turning to volunteer organizations in their communities and faiths for help. Millions of Americans—middle class, working class, professionals, and business executives—have experienced the loss of a job, a home, or a business, small farm failure, a personal bankruptcy, or a loss of pension or retirement income. And millions more are only a layoff, illness, divorce, or accident away from falling into poverty. But YOU can help!Make a Difference is a comprehensive collection of more than two hundred community service opportunities and experiences. More than a simple resource guide, this unique handbook includes interviews, anecdotes, and commentary from the top people in nonprofit and service fields. The book ties together the strands of volunteering, community service, and civic engagement.Blaustein focuses on two critical questions: “How did we get into this mess?” and “What can be done to turn things around?” His answer to these interconnected questions is volunteering, community service, civic engagement, and citizen participation. They are good for you, vital to those being served, and healthy for your community and our country. Here’s what YOU can do to help!Trade Review"Blaustein's effort will help a new generation of Americans approach community service—and their own lives—in a way that will strengthen our democracy."—Secretary of State John Kerry "If you're wondering what the world is coming to...how to remain hopeful...where to begin. The answer is in your hands...Please take this book with you into the rest of your life."—Barbara Kingsolver "Arthur Blaustein has kept the faith. His book will help us regain the heights and take democracy back!"—Bill Moyers "A terrific resource."—Bob Chase, President, National Education Association "Looking for creative and useful ways to benefit communities across America? Read this book."—Senator Edward M. Kennedy"Blaustein's effort will help a new generation of Americans approach community service—and their own lives—in a way that will strengthen our democracy."—Secretary of State John Kerry "If you're wondering what the world is coming to...how to remain hopeful...where to begin. The answer is in your hands...Please take this book with you into the rest of your life."—Barbara Kingsolver "Arthur Blaustein has kept the faith. His book will help us regain the heights and take democracy back!"—Bill Moyers "A terrific resource."—Bob Chase, President, National Education Association "Looking for creative and useful ways to benefit communities across America? Read this book."—Senator Edward M. Kennedy

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Book SynopsisMany Americans believe service in the military to be a quintessential way to demonstrate patriotism. We expect those who serve to be treated with respect and dignity. However, as in so many aspects of our politics, the reality and our ideals diverge widely in our treatment of veterans. There is perhaps no starker example of this than the continued practice of deporting men and women who have served.J. Malcolm Garcia has travelled across the country and abroad to interview veterans who have been deported, as well as the families and friends they have left behind, giving the full scope of the tragedy to be found in this all too common practice. Without a Country analyzes the political climate that has led us here and takes a hard look at the toll deportation has taken on American vets and their communities.Deported veterans share in and reflect the diversity of America itself. The numerous compounding injustices meted out to them reflect many of the still unresolved contradictions of our nation and its ideals. But this story, in all its grit and complexity, really boils down to an old, simple question: Who is a real American?Trade ReviewPraise for J. Malcolm Garcia:"J. Malcolm Garcia is the keeper of forgotten stories. He is an invaluable witness and a compassionate observer of today's wars."—Fatima Bhutto, author of Songs of Blood and Sword: A Daughter's Memoir"I don't know if he's unheralded, but there's a writer named J. Malcolm Garcia who continually astounds me with his energy and empathy. He writes powerful and lyrical nonfiction from Afghanistan, from Buenos Aires, from Mississippi, all of it urgent and provocative. I've been following him wherever he goes."—Dave Eggers“Garcia is an exceptionally powerful voice on behalf of the people about whom he writes. As he illustrates the results of America’s military adventuring, Garcia not only takes us to the physical space of the people who are the victims of our drone attacks, our bombs, and our bullets, but he also goes where few nonfiction writers have the skill to venture—he takes us inside their heads.”—Dale Maharidge, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist"Timely and compelling, Garcia writes with great empathy, and forces us to consider the most relevant question of our time: what kind of country do we want to be? A nation that cares for our war veterans, or one that deports them into the unknown? This book is utterly of the moment, and captures our country's zeitgeist perfectly."—Brian Castner, author of The Long Walk: A Story of War and the Life That Follows and All the Ways We Kill and Die: An Elegy for a Fallen Comrade, and the Hunt for His Killer "A textured, wide-ranging, and often moving investigation into the moral questions raised by the little-understood nexus between immigration policy and veterans affairs."—Alexander Zaitchik, author of The Gilded Rage: A Wild Ride Through Donald Trump’s AmericaPraise for J. Malcolm Garcia:"J. Malcolm Garcia is the keeper of forgotten stories. He is an invaluable witness and a compassionate observer of today's wars."—Fatima Bhutto, author of Songs of Blood and Sword: A Daughter's Memoir"I don't know if he's unheralded, but there's a writer named J. Malcolm Garcia who continually astounds me with his energy and empathy. He writes powerful and lyrical nonfiction from Afghanistan, from Buenos Aires, from Mississippi, all of it urgent and provocative. I've been following him wherever he goes."—Dave Eggers“Garcia is an exceptionally powerful voice on behalf of the people about whom he writes. As he illustrates the results of America’s military adventuring, Garcia not only takes us to the physical space of the people who are the victims of our drone attacks, our bombs, and our bullets, but he also goes where few nonfiction writers have the skill to venture—he takes us inside their heads.”—Dale Maharidge, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist

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Book SynopsisAn impassioned takedown of the undemocratic features of American electoral politics and their role in the 2016 election. Americans are taught to cherish our democracy, especially our right to vote. But after the 2016 presidential election, we are confronted, yet again, with the reality that our system is neither free nor fair. Almost every step along the way is filled with intentional and unintentional pitfalls, barriers, and dysfunction. The results disadvantage, discourage, and ultimately disenfranchise, but a myth persists that our elections and democracy are exemplary. Our system is adept at pre-empting the very citizens whose participation would upend governing classes and economic elites. That’s done by making voting more complicated, less accountable and resistant to reform. Whether we’re talking about voter ID laws, superdelegates, convoluted state recount rules, or the archaic Electoral College, procedures have greater weight than democratic principles, or evidence-based determinations. Democracy Betrayed catalogs the long litany of ways our elections failed, and continue to fail, their billing as model democracy. It will look through the lens of impassioned skepticism, highlighting what went wrong and conveying why that need not be the case. More people registered to vote in 2016 than ever before, even if turnout was about the same as 2012. That shows people want a system they can believe in. This book will speak to them and show them how they can fight for a better democracy.Trade Review“Attempts to steal elections—successfully and unsuccessfully—are not new in American politics; but the Republican party, of late, has elevated this practice to both an art form and business model. Read this book and understand how the game is run and learn how to fight voter suppression and illegal gerrymandering, that target people of color, the young and the poor. The stakes are high as the integrity of voting rights is the bedrock of democracy.” —Arthur Blaustein, author of Make a Difference: The Ultimate Volunteer Handbook and Democracy Is Not a Spectator Sport, and former Chair of the President’s National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity “Not only are campaigns a nasty business, so too are elections themselves. We have less to worry about when there are landslides but it gets ugly and scary when the elections are close. Then we learn about dirty tricks, voter suppression, lazy poll workers, poorly trained election commissioners, and hyper-partisan election officials who serve the party above all. Steven Rosenfeld is one of the best reporters I have met in the four decades I have been around. Anyone who truly cares about our democracy has to read this book.” —John Zogby, founder of the Zogby Poll and author of We Are Many, We Are One: Neo-Tribes and Tribal Analytics in 21st Century America “Following the 2004 stolen election, I had the privilege of cowriting books about election rigging that happened in Ohio with Steve Rosenfeld. This new book is the best single dissection of how American elections are still being rigged. His voice is factual, analytical, and essential if you want to truly understand what transpired in 2016: the nominating of the two most unpopular candidates in US history and the election of Donald Trump. He also captures the essence of the dirty deeds done during the Wisconsin recount. The book serves as a provocative cross between Hunter S. Thompson and Teddy White.” —Robert J. Fitrakis, voting rights lawyer, investigative reporter and publisher, and occasional Green candidate “What it’s going to take for progressives to win in 2018 and beyond fills this book. For most of this decade, in too many states, the voting process has betrayed our democracy. This book breaks down that nasty history, identifies the partisan and bureaucratic obstacles, and concretely describes the turnout wave that’s needed to end up winning.” —Don Hazen, executive editor and publisher of AlterNet“Attempts to steal elections—successfully and unsuccessfully—are not new in American politics; but the Republican party, of late, has elevated this practice to both an art form and business model. Read this book and understand how the game is run and learn how to fight voter suppression and illegal gerrymandering, that target people of color, the young and the poor. The stakes are high as the integrity of voting rights is the bedrock of democracy.” —Arthur Blaustein, author of Make a Difference: The Ultimate Volunteer Handbook and Democracy Is Not a Spectator Sport, and former Chair of the President’s National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity “Not only are campaigns a nasty business, so too are elections themselves. We have less to worry about when there are landslides but it gets ugly and scary when the elections are close. Then we learn about dirty tricks, voter suppression, lazy poll workers, poorly trained election commissioners, and hyper-partisan election officials who serve the party above all. Steven Rosenfeld is one of the best reporters I have met in the four decades I have been around. Anyone who truly cares about our democracy has to read this book.” —John Zogby, founder of the Zogby Poll and author of We Are Many, We Are One: Neo-Tribes and Tribal Analytics in 21st Century America “Following the 2004 stolen election, I had the privilege of cowriting books about election rigging that happened in Ohio with Steve Rosenfeld. This new book is the best single dissection of how American elections are still being rigged. His voice is factual, analytical, and essential if you want to truly understand what transpired in 2016: the nominating of the two most unpopular candidates in US history and the election of Donald Trump. He also captures the essence of the dirty deeds done during the Wisconsin recount. The book serves as a provocative cross between Hunter S. Thompson and Teddy White.” —Robert J. Fitrakis, voting rights lawyer, investigative reporter and publisher, and occasional Green candidate “What it’s going to take for progressives to win in 2018 and beyond fills this book. For most of this decade, in too many states, the voting process has betrayed our democracy. This book breaks down that nasty history, identifies the partisan and bureaucratic obstacles, and concretely describes the turnout wave that’s needed to end up winning.” —Don Hazen, executive editor and publisher of AlterNet

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Book SynopsisWe’ve let the meaning of America be reduced to guesswork. It might not be too late. Our democratic republic is failing, and it shouldn’t be a surprise. We can’t fly a plane without training; we can’t practice medicine without attending medical school. And yet we expect the American people to wield the full power of their citizenship, the product of the most revolutionary governmental thinking in human history, without any education. We no longer teach our children the Bill of Rights or Constitution. We don’t teach the Enlightenment values that underpin them. We don’t teach the critical thinking skills and mental agility necessary for our own sovereignty. We’ve stopped teaching civics, and now we can’t have a civil political discussion. The American experiment may fail if we don’t act. Richard Dreyfuss is a forceful advocate for civic education. His latest work, One Thought Scares Me…, explains how the lack of civics education in American education for the last fifty years has led to the deterioration of all aspects of the lives of us, the people. And it shows us the path to reclaiming our American ideals.

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Book SynopsisCitizenship in the nineteenth-century United States was an ever-moving target. The Constitution did not specify its exact meaning, leaving lawmakers and other Americans to struggle over the fundamental questions of who could be a citizen, how a person attained the status, and the particular privileges citizenship afforded. Indeed, as late as 1862, U.S. Attorney General Edward Bates observed that citizenship was "now as little understood in its details and elements, and the question as open to argument and speculative criticism as it was at the founding of the Government." Black people suffered under this ambiguity, but also seized on it in efforts to transform their nominal freedom. By claiming that they were citizens in their demands for specific rights, they were, Christopher James Bonner argues, at the center of creating the very meaning of American citizenship. In the decades before and after Bates's lament, free African Americans used newspapers, public gatherings, and conventions to make arguments about who could be a citizen, the protections citizenship entailed, and the obligations it imposed. They thus played a vital role in the long, fraught process of determining who belonged in the nation and the terms of that belonging. Remaking the Republic chronicles the various ways African Americans from a wide range of social positions throughout the North attempted to give meaning to American citizenship over the course of the nineteenth century. Examining newpsapers, state and national conventions, public protest meetings, legal cases, and fugitive slave rescues, Bonner uncovers a spirited debate about rights and belonging among African Americans, the stakes of which could determine their place in U.S. society and shape the terms of citizenship for all Americans.Trade Review"In Remaking the Republic, Christopher James Bonner examines the early political struggles of free African Americans that helped to define citizenship after the Civil War, as well as the tools they used...One of the strengths of Bonner’s book lies in his recovering of the ideas and lives of the largely unknown Black activists involved in these conventions, like Samuel H. Davis and William C. Munroe." * The New York Review of Books *"Remaking the Republic makes an important contribution to the intellectual, political, and legal history of the United States...[N]ot simply a snapshot of free Black Americans’ lives in the nineteenth century, [it] is also an origin story that acknowledges and critically surveys the integral role of free Black Americans in the making of American citizenship." * Journal of the Civil War Era *"Christopher Bonner’s well-researched book deftly explores specific forms of political work that Black activists pursued in the fight for citizenship in the United States...Bonner’s writing and analysis compels readers to appreciate the diversity of thought as a hallmark of Black protest politics and the intellectual labor of Black activists in constructing the American Republic." * Early American Literature *"[A] rich analysis of how American citizenship was fashioned and defended by African American politicking...By emphasizing the influence of Black activism on the development of American citizenship, Bonner reinforces the need for historians to explore extra-legal modes of belonging. Ultimately, the texture of what it means to be an American citizen can only be fully understood through the lens of those making claims to it." * American Nineteenth Century History *"In Remaking the Republic, Christopher James Bonner provides a detailed account of how African Americans, especially in the antebellum North, participated in a constitutional dialogue about who is a “citizen” and about what legal and political rights go along with citizenship.Bonner has mined primary resources to produce a scholarly gem that enriches our knowledge on this valuable subject." * The North Carolina Historical Review *"How could free black people in the antebellum era, relegated to an apparent caste status, sustain hope in a future in America? By making and remaking the idea of legal belonging through a fascinating array of grassroots politics and protest, argues Christopher James Bonner. With deep research and persuasive writing, Bonner demonstrates that the sheer 'uncertainty' of American definitions of citizenship opened ways on the margins for blacks to exploit and forge the developing republic before emancipation. This book is full of riveting stories about race and the American political imagination, of how freedom and citizenship took root in a hostile legal soil, and about the enduring power of collective struggle, however rancorous the schisms or how high the racist obstacles. Antebellum blacks used events and the nation's own creeds to make their future American." * David W. Blight, author of the Pulitizer Prize-winning Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom *"Remaking the Republic is a must read for anyone seeking to understand how citizenship has evolved in the United States. Christopher James Bonner show us how black Americans were the first architects of national belonging in the early republic. His ambitious research tells a story about how they countered the racism of colonization schemes and black laws with a shrewd insistence upon their rights as citizens. This inspiring quest contains indispensable lessons about the past and for our own time." * Martha Jones, author of Birthright Citizens: A History of Race and Rights in Antebellum America *"By taking us inside black activists' multifaceted fight for inclusion across much of the nineteenth century, Christopher James Bonner has crafted one of the most compelling, comprehensive stories about black citizenship in all its many manifestations to date." * Anne Twitty, author of Before Dred Scott: Slavery and Legal Culture in the American Confluence, 1787-1857 *

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Book SynopsisRich accounts of how Latinx migrant youth experience belonging across borders As anti-immigrant nationalist discourses escalate globally, Border Thinking offers critical insights into how young people in the Latinx diaspora experience belonging, make sense of racism, and long for change. Every year thousands of youth leave Latin America for the United States and Europe, and often the young migrants are portrayed as invaders and, if able to stay, told to integrate into their new society. Border Thinking asks not how to help the diaspora youth assimilate but what the United States and Europe can learn about citizenship from these diasporic youth. Working in the United States, Spain, and El Salvador, Andrea Dyrness and Enrique Sepúlveda III use participatory action research to collaborate with these young people to analyze how they make sense of their experiences in the borderlands. Dyrness and Sepúlveda engage them in reflecting on their feelings of belonging in multiple places—including some places that treat them as outsiders and criminals. Because of their transnational existence and connections to both home and host countries, diaspora youth have a critical perspective on national citizenship and yearn for new forms of belonging not restricted to national borders. The authors demonstrate how acompañamiento—spaces for solidarity and community-building among migrants—allow youth to critically reflect on their experiences and create support among one another.Even as national borders grow more restricted and the subject of immigration becomes ever more politically fraught, young people’s identities are increasingly diasporic. As the so-called migrant crisis continues, change in how citizenship and belonging are constructed is necessary, and urgent, to create inclusive and sustainable futures. In Border Thinking, Dyrness and Sepúlveda decouple citizenship from the nation-state, calling for new understandings of civic engagement and belonging. Trade Review"Border Thinking offers critical insights into how Latinx youth speak back to racializing, colonial discourses that frame them as outsiders. It is theoretically sophisticated, engaging, and methodologically innovative, offering new insights into participatory methodologies—but its true contribution lies in how it reveals young people’s creative imaginings of transnational forms of citizenship and belonging that are too often silenced by integration initiatives focused on national assimilation."—Reva Jaffe-Walter, author of Coercive Concern: Nationalism, Liberalism, and the Schooling of Muslim Youth"A notable title in an age when border restrictions have become near-absolute."—The Know, Denver Post"Dyrness and Sepúlveda engage in critical methodologies, such as participatory action research and the use of testimonio, to uncover an array of unique but often overlooked perspectives."—Anthropology & Education Quarterly "Scholars interested in action research, transborder, migration, and citizenship studies will find these contributions very helpful."—Gender, Place & Culture "On its face, the book appears to be an excellently written contribution to a specific literature focused on immigration and Latinx youth. But the book is also a contribution to the broader discussion of how societies and communities incorporate—or do not—people from places different than the home context and the crater-sized impacts these seemingly everyday minute choices can have."—Great Plains ResearchTable of ContentsContentsIntroduction: Rethinking Youth Citizenship in the Diaspora1. Acompañamiento in the Borderlands: Toward a Communal, Relational, and Humanizing Pedagogy Enrique Sepúlveda2. In the Shadow of U.S. Empire: Diasporic Citizenship in El Salvador3. Negotiating Race and the Politics of Integration: Latinx and Caribbean Youth in Madrid4. Transnational Belongings: The Cultural Knowledge of Lives in Between5. Feminists in Transition: Transnational Latina Activists in Madrid Andrea DyrnessConclusion: Reflections on Acompañamiento in the BorderlandsAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisRich accounts of how Latinx migrant youth experience belonging across borders As anti-immigrant nationalist discourses escalate globally, Border Thinking offers critical insights into how young people in the Latinx diaspora experience belonging, make sense of racism, and long for change. Every year thousands of youth leave Latin America for the United States and Europe, and often the young migrants are portrayed as invaders and, if able to stay, told to integrate into their new society. Border Thinking asks not how to help the diaspora youth assimilate but what the United States and Europe can learn about citizenship from these diasporic youth. Working in the United States, Spain, and El Salvador, Andrea Dyrness and Enrique Sepúlveda III use participatory action research to collaborate with these young people to analyze how they make sense of their experiences in the borderlands. Dyrness and Sepúlveda engage them in reflecting on their feelings of belonging in multiple places—including some places that treat them as outsiders and criminals. Because of their transnational existence and connections to both home and host countries, diaspora youth have a critical perspective on national citizenship and yearn for new forms of belonging not restricted to national borders. The authors demonstrate how acompañamiento—spaces for solidarity and community-building among migrants—allow youth to critically reflect on their experiences and create support among one another.Even as national borders grow more restricted and the subject of immigration becomes ever more politically fraught, young people’s identities are increasingly diasporic. As the so-called migrant crisis continues, change in how citizenship and belonging are constructed is necessary, and urgent, to create inclusive and sustainable futures. In Border Thinking, Dyrness and Sepúlveda decouple citizenship from the nation-state, calling for new understandings of civic engagement and belonging. Trade Review"Border Thinking offers critical insights into how Latinx youth speak back to racializing, colonial discourses that frame them as outsiders. It is theoretically sophisticated, engaging, and methodologically innovative, offering new insights into participatory methodologies—but its true contribution lies in how it reveals young people’s creative imaginings of transnational forms of citizenship and belonging that are too often silenced by integration initiatives focused on national assimilation."—Reva Jaffe-Walter, author of Coercive Concern: Nationalism, Liberalism, and the Schooling of Muslim Youth"A notable title in an age when border restrictions have become near-absolute."—The Know, Denver Post"Dyrness and Sepúlveda engage in critical methodologies, such as participatory action research and the use of testimonio, to uncover an array of unique but often overlooked perspectives."—Anthropology & Education Quarterly "Scholars interested in action research, transborder, migration, and citizenship studies will find these contributions very helpful."—Gender, Place & Culture "On its face, the book appears to be an excellently written contribution to a specific literature focused on immigration and Latinx youth. But the book is also a contribution to the broader discussion of how societies and communities incorporate—or do not—people from places different than the home context and the crater-sized impacts these seemingly everyday minute choices can have."—Great Plains ResearchTable of ContentsContentsIntroduction: Rethinking Youth Citizenship in the Diaspora1. Acompañamiento in the Borderlands: Toward a Communal, Relational, and Humanizing Pedagogy Enrique Sepúlveda2. In the Shadow of U.S. Empire: Diasporic Citizenship in El Salvador3. Negotiating Race and the Politics of Integration: Latinx and Caribbean Youth in Madrid4. Transnational Belongings: The Cultural Knowledge of Lives in Between5. Feminists in Transition: Transnational Latina Activists in Madrid Andrea DyrnessConclusion: Reflections on Acompañamiento in the BorderlandsAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisTracing the erosion of democratic norms in the US and the conditions that make it possible Jonathan Beecher Field tracks the permutations of the town hall meeting from its original context as a form of democratic community governance in New England into a format for presidential debates and a staple of corporate governance. In its contemporary iteration, the town hall meeting models the aesthetic of the former but replaces actual democratic deliberation with a spectacle that involves no immediate electoral stakes or functions as a glorified press conference. Urgently, Field notes that though this evolution might be apparent, evidence suggests many US citizens don’t care to differentiate. Forerunners: Ideas First Short books of thought-in-process scholarship, where intense analysis, questioning, and speculation take the lead Trade Review"In clear, sometimes acerbic, even humorous prose, Field adeptly accounts for the metamorphosis of town meetings into town halls."—ALH Online Review

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Book SynopsisA searing critique of the “freedom” that America offers to the victims of its imperialist machinations of war and occupation Meaningless Citizenship traces the costs of America’s long-term military involvement around the world by following the forced displacement of Iraqi families, unveiling how Iraqis are doubly displaced: first by the machinery of American imperialism in their native countries and then through a more pernicious war occurring on U.S. soil—the dismantling of the welfare state.Revealing the everyday struggles and barriers that texture the lives of Iraqi families recently resettled to the United States, Sally Wesley Bonet draws from four years of deep involvement in the refugee community of Philadelphia. An education scholar, Bonet’s analysis moves beyond the prevalent tendency to collapse schooling into education. Focusing beyond the public school to other critical institutions, such as public assistance, resettlement programs, and healthcare, she shows how encounters with institutions of the state are an inherently educative process for both refugee youths and adults, teaching about the types of citizenship they are expected to enact and embody while simultaneously shaping them into laboring subjects in service of capitalism. An intimate, in-depth ethnography, Meaningless Citizenship exposes how the veneer of American values—freedom, democracy, human rights—exported to countries like Iraq, disintegrates to uncover what is really beneath: a nation-state that prioritizes the needs of capitalism above the survival and wellbeing of its citizens.Trade Review"Sally Wesley Bonet’s book is a beautiful exploration of the meanings of refuge and citizenship through institutions, relationships, and the everyday experiences of children and families in the United States. It exposes essential understandings that are needed for stronger futures, particularly the consequences of misaligned expectations and reality as well as the responsibility the United States has to refugees, especially those to whom it has caused suffering."—Sarah Dryden-Peterson, author of Right Where We Belong: How Refugee Teachers and Students Are Changing the Future of Education"Drawing on three years of tender and tenacious ethnographic research with Iraqi refugee families resettled into poverty in the U.S., Meaningless Citizenship explains how American imperialism and its brutal late-stage, low-road, neoliberal capitalism deny refugees the economic and social rights of full citizenship. Sally Wesley Bonet critiques how refugee resettlement, public assistance, and educational and health care institutions stymie justice, even as she shows how they might be reformed to foster more humane and equitable outcomes."—Lesley Bartlett, coauthor of Humanizing Education for Immigrant and Refugee Youth: 20 Strategies for the Classroom and Beyond

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Book SynopsisA searing critique of the “freedom” that America offers to the victims of its imperialist machinations of war and occupation Meaningless Citizenship traces the costs of America’s long-term military involvement around the world by following the forced displacement of Iraqi families, unveiling how Iraqis are doubly displaced: first by the machinery of American imperialism in their native countries and then through a more pernicious war occurring on U.S. soil—the dismantling of the welfare state.Revealing the everyday struggles and barriers that texture the lives of Iraqi families recently resettled to the United States, Sally Wesley Bonet draws from four years of deep involvement in the refugee community of Philadelphia. An education scholar, Bonet’s analysis moves beyond the prevalent tendency to collapse schooling into education. Focusing beyond the public school to other critical institutions, such as public assistance, resettlement programs, and healthcare, she shows how encounters with institutions of the state are an inherently educative process for both refugee youths and adults, teaching about the types of citizenship they are expected to enact and embody while simultaneously shaping them into laboring subjects in service of capitalism. An intimate, in-depth ethnography, Meaningless Citizenship exposes how the veneer of American values—freedom, democracy, human rights—exported to countries like Iraq, disintegrates to uncover what is really beneath: a nation-state that prioritizes the needs of capitalism above the survival and wellbeing of its citizens.Trade Review"Sally Wesley Bonet’s book is a beautiful exploration of the meanings of refuge and citizenship through institutions, relationships, and the everyday experiences of children and families in the United States. It exposes essential understandings that are needed for stronger futures, particularly the consequences of misaligned expectations and reality as well as the responsibility the United States has to refugees, especially those to whom it has caused suffering."—Sarah Dryden-Peterson, author of Right Where We Belong: How Refugee Teachers and Students Are Changing the Future of Education"Drawing on three years of tender and tenacious ethnographic research with Iraqi refugee families resettled into poverty in the U.S., Meaningless Citizenship explains how American imperialism and its brutal late-stage, low-road, neoliberal capitalism deny refugees the economic and social rights of full citizenship. Sally Wesley Bonet critiques how refugee resettlement, public assistance, and educational and health care institutions stymie justice, even as she shows how they might be reformed to foster more humane and equitable outcomes."—Lesley Bartlett, coauthor of Humanizing Education for Immigrant and Refugee Youth: 20 Strategies for the Classroom and Beyond

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Book SynopsisA powerful, inspiring, and achievable vision of a society based on cooperation and community instead of competition and commodification.This book counters the dominant and destructive story that we are polarized, violent, selfish, and destined to consume everything in sight. That is not who we are.The challenge, Peter Block says, is that we are suffering under an economic theology that is based on scarcity, self-interest, competition, and infinite growth. We’re told we can purchase and outsource all that matters. Block calls this the “business perspective narrative.” It dominates not only the economy but also architecture, faith communities, journalism, arts, neighborhoods, and much more.Block offers an antidote: the “common good narrative.” It embodies the belief that we are basically communal and cooperative. And that we have the capacity to communally produce what we care most about: raising a child, safety, livelihood, health, and a clean and sustainable environment.This book describes how shifts to the common good perspective could transform many areas, fostering journalism that reports on what works, architecture that designs habitable spaces creating connection, faith collectives that build community, a market that is restrained and local, and leadership and activism that build social capital by creating trust among citizens. With these shifts, we would fundamentally change the world we live in for the better.

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Book SynopsisUncertainty is central to the governance of citizenship, but in ways that erase, even deny, this uncertainty. This book investigates uncertain citizenship from the unique vantage point of ‘citizenisation’: twenty-first-century integration and naturalisation measures that make and unmake citizens and migrants, while indefinitely holding many applicants for citizenship in what Fortier calls the ‘waiting room of citizenship’. Fortier’s distinctive theory of citizenisation foregrounds how the full achievement of citizenship is a promise that is always deferred: if migrants and citizens are continuously citizenised, so too are they migratised. Citizenisation and migratisation are intimately linked within the structures of racial governmentality that enables the citizenship of racially minoritised citizens to be questioned and that casts them as perpetual migrants. Drawing on multi-sited fieldwork with migrants applying for citizenship or settlement and with intermediaries of the state tasked with implementing citizenisation measures and policies, Fortier brings life to the waiting room of citizenship, giving rich empirical backing to her original theoretical claims. Scrutinising life in the waiting room enables Fortier to analyse how citizenship takes place, takes time and takes hold in ways that conform, exceed, and confound frames of reference laid out in both citizenisation policies and taken-for-granted understandings of ‘the citizen’ and ‘the migrant’. Uncertain Citizenship’s nuanced account of the social and institutional function of citizenisation and migratisation offers its readers a grasp of the array of racial inequalities that citizenisation produces and reproduces, while providing theoretical and empirical tools to address these inequalities.Trade Review'Uncertain Citizenship is innovative, nuanced and both theoretically inspiring and empirically engaging. It is certain to become a cornerstone for future scholarship and debates around racism, migration and citizenship.' Ethnic and Radical Studies 'In this brilliant book, Fortier examines the uncertainties in which citizenship is enmeshed and their effects on states, would-be citizens and those charged with managing the process of citizenship. These uncertainties condense long histories and shifting political, cultural and emotional pressures, making citizenship carry a formidable burden of desire and anxiety.'John Clark, Emeritus Professor, The Open University'By forensically examining scenes of uncertainty where non-citizens await becoming citizens, Fortier brilliantly illustrates how governments engage both citizens and non-citizens through insufferable games of conferral, deferral and repeal.'Engin Isin, Professor of International Politics, Queen Mary University of London'This vital contribution dismantles taken-for-granted understandings about contemporary citizenship to lay bare the inherent uncertainties, insecurities and inequalities at its heart. You'll never look at citizenship the same way again.'Michaela Benson, Reader in Sociology, Goldsmiths University of London'Anne-Marie Fortier writes with such sensitivity and perception on the impact of the UK government’s regimes of citizenship and naturalization. This book illuminates the precarities and uncertainties of racialized citizenship and raises important questions on the injustices involved in process of determining who is deemed worthy of citizenship.'Bridget Byrne, Professor of Sociology, University of Manchester'Taking British citizenship as her focal point, Fortier combines field work with an exhaustive reading of the secondary literature to contend that citizenship is rendered vulnerable by political and socioeconomic developments and that this uncertainty is central to governmental practices of citizenship.'CHOICE (March 2022) -- .Table of ContentsIntroduction – Uncertain citizenshipScene 1 – Researching citizenisation1 The world of citizenisation: life in the waiting room2 Citizenising BritainScene 2 – Documents, stories, pictures3 The documented citizenScene 3 – Conversing with Anglophones4 The speaking citizenScene 4 – Becoming citizen5 The becoming citizenConclusion – Lessons from the waiting room: citizenisation and migratisationIndex

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Book SynopsisLGBT rights have become increasingly salient within the EU enlargement process as a litmus test for Europeanness. But the promotion of these norms has provided a basis for political contestation. This book interrogates the normative dimensions of the EU enlargement process, with special reference to LGBT politics. Reconceptualising Europeanisation, it argues that EU enlargement is a process of negotiated transformation in which EU policies and norms are (re)defined, translated and transformed. Empirically, it analyses the promotion of and resistance to LGBT equality norms in Serbia’s EU integration process, but it looks beyond policies to the impact of the negotiated transitions on lived experiences. Overall, the book raises important questions about the political and social consequences of Europeanisation. At its heart is one crucial question: what do we consider progress?Trade Review‘Coming in is an exceptional book, one that stitches together insights on Western Balkan queer politics and Europeanisation theory to deliver comprehensive rejoinders to both fields. It is impressive just how much Slootmaeckers's Serbian case teaches us about the intricacies of the complicated relationship – both in its potentialities and pitfalls – between the European Union and its candidate countries. Most importantly, Slootmaeckers goes beyond asking “why” some states adopt rights to normatively question what these rights mean for the people who experience them. This is a resoundingly successful effort that will benefit the literatures on tactical Europeanisation and the Western Balkans for the decisive years ahead.’Phillip Ayoub, Professor of International Relations, University College London‘Coming in provides an original and thought-provoking analysis of the promotion of LGBT rights by the EU during the long and winding road of accession preparations in Serbia. The EU is often regarded as a leader in promoting such rights, but as Slootmaeckers reveals, its values are not fixed – rather they are negotiated during the accession process between the EU and candidate countries. This book calls for a reconceptualisation of the EU’s behaviour during accession preparations and is essential reading for everyone in the field.’Paul Copeland, Reader in Public Policy, Queen Mary University of London‘This meticulous and subtle work looks at campaigns for LGBT equality and recognition, but it sheds light on a broader phenomenon known to people studying EU conditionality in prospective member states: when the EU makes a goal look like a condition, governments respond with gestures that are designed to look like compliance. Is this a step forwards for equality or not? Koen Slootmaeckers constructs a solid empirical case to guide readers through this enigma, weaving his narrative with substance, detail and sophistication.’Eric Gordy, Professor of Political and Cultural Sociology, University College London‘In Coming in, Koen Slootmaeckers traces the manifold ways in which the sexual politics and fight for LGBTQ rights in Serbia simultaneously influenced and were influenced by Serbia’s tumultuous and still unresolved accession to the European Union. Theoretically innovative and empirically rich, this book is an essential contribution to the study of both LGBTQ politics and the fraught politics of European Union enlargement.’Jelena Subotic, Professor of Political Science, Georgia State University'Coming In provides a much-needed critical reappraisal of the Europeanisation of LGBT rights and EU enlargement policies, urging us to always interrogate the political motives behind legal change and whether “progress” translates into real-life improvements or further levels of exclusion for marginalised communities. At a time when geopolitical rhetoric and civilisational binaries appear to have been further normalised, Slootmaeckers’ call for self-reflexivity in EU foreign policy resonates and has implications that go well beyond the specific policy-area and geographical focus of this book.'Laura Luciani, LSE Review of Books'A valuable addition to the growing literature on LGBTIQ+ communities in Southeastern Europe. [...]Slootmaeckers’ newest contribution is unique because it offers a comprehensive yet succinct analysis of sexual politics, Europeanization, and policy making in relation to Serbia’s path towards European Union membership.' Aleksandar Rankovic, CEU Review of Books -- .Table of ContentsIntroductionPart I: rethinking Europeanisation and EU-Serbia relations1 Europeanisation as negotiated transitions: Towards a relational and transnational approach to EU enlargement2 Mapping the multi-layered normative structure of Serbia-EU relationsPart II: Adopting, resisting, and transforming law and practices3 Anti-discrimination policies: From the margins to differentiated politicisations4 Taking it to the streets: Belgrade Pride as a litmus test for Serbia’s EuropeanisationPart III: Looking beyond policy towards lived experiences5 The attitudinal panopticon and the limited implementation of the anti-discrimination framework6 The emergence of the Ghost Pride and the transnational dislocation of LGBT politicsConclusionEpilogueIndex

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Book SynopsisUncertainty is central to the governance of citizenship, but in ways that erase, even deny, this uncertainty. This book investigates uncertain citizenship from the unique vantage point of ‘citizenisation’: twenty-first-century integration and naturalisation measures that make and unmake citizens and migrants, while indefinitely holding many applicants for citizenship in what Fortier calls the ‘waiting room of citizenship’. Fortier’s distinctive theory of citizenisation foregrounds how the full achievement of citizenship is a promise that is always deferred: if migrants and citizens are continuously citizenised, so too are they migratised. Citizenisation and migratisation are intimately linked within the structures of racial governmentality that enables the citizenship of racially minoritised citizens to be questioned and that casts them as perpetual migrants.Drawing on multi-sited fieldwork with migrants applying for citizenship or settlement and with intermediaries of the state tasked with implementing citizenisation measures and policies, Fortier brings life to the waiting room of citizenship, giving rich empirical backing to her original theoretical claims. Scrutinising life in the waiting room enables Fortier to analyse how citizenship takes place, takes time and takes hold in ways that conform, exceed, and confound frames of reference laid out in both citizenisation policies and taken-for-granted understandings of ‘the citizen’ and ‘the migrant’. Uncertain Citizenship’s nuanced account of the social and institutional function of citizenisation and migratisation offers its readers a grasp of the array of racial inequalities that citizenisation produces and reproduces, while providing theoretical and empirical tools to address these inequalities.Trade Review'Uncertain Citizenship is innovative, nuanced and both theoretically inspiring and empirically engaging. It is certain to become a cornerstone for future scholarship and debates around racism, migration and citizenship.' Ethnic and Radical Studies 'In this brilliant book, Fortier examines the uncertainties in which citizenship is enmeshed and their effects on states, would-be citizens and those charged with managing the process of citizenship. These uncertainties condense long histories and shifting political, cultural and emotional pressures, making citizenship carry a formidable burden of desire and anxiety.'John Clark, Emeritus Professor, The Open University'By forensically examining scenes of uncertainty where non-citizens await becoming citizens, Fortier brilliantly illustrates how governments engage both citizens and non-citizens through insufferable games of conferral, deferral and repeal.'Engin Isin, Professor of International Politics, Queen Mary University of London'This vital contribution dismantles taken-for-granted understandings about contemporary citizenship to lay bare the inherent uncertainties, insecurities and inequalities at its heart. You'll never look at citizenship the same way again.'Michaela Benson, Reader in Sociology, Goldsmiths University of London'Anne-Marie Fortier writes with such sensitivity and perception on the impact of the UK government’s regimes of citizenship and naturalization. This book illuminates the precarities and uncertainties of racialized citizenship and raises important questions on the injustices involved in process of determining who is deemed worthy of citizenship.'Bridget Byrne, Professor of Sociology, University of Manchester'Taking British citizenship as her focal point, Fortier combines field work with an exhaustive reading of the secondary literature to contend that citizenship is rendered vulnerable by political and socioeconomic developments and that this uncertainty is central to governmental practices of citizenship.'CHOICE (March 2022) -- .Table of ContentsIntroduction – Uncertain citizenshipScene 1 – Researching citizenisation1 The world of citizenisation: life in the waiting room2 Citizenising BritainScene 2 – Documents, stories, pictures3 The documented citizenScene 3 – Conversing with Anglophones4 The speaking citizenScene 4 – Becoming citizen5 The becoming citizenConclusion – Lessons from the waiting room: citizenisation and migratisationIndex

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Book SynopsisFor the decade up to 2020, the Republic of Cyprus opened a route to naturalisation and citizenship by investment for non-nationals who wanted access to the EU – many of them wealthy Russians who had profited from the post-Soviet era. The magnitude of the phenomenon is staggering. Thousands of Russian, Chinese, and other investors became Cypriots by buying properties – and therefore passports – on the island. The ‘EU passport’ became the country’s major export, and the city of Limassol changed dramatically to accommodate the skyscrapers (‘passport towers’) built on the seafront.This book shows how a national passport becomes a global commodity, and unpacks the complex implications on the ground and in the EU. It interrogates the golden passports’ right of money (jus pecuniae), which complicates existing citizenship structures associated with ancestry and territory. Examining the mobility of international elites, the ethnography contributes an original angle to migration studies, as golden passports suggest that citizenship has become a tool for the mobility of the rich. Through close engagement with the situation in Cyprus, Passport island shows how the global market for passports is tied up with economic crises, migration, property, inequality, and European politics. The book argues that the commodification of citizenship represents a new form of offshoring by other means.Table of ContentsIntroduction: The world according to jus pecuniae1 Location: On research where a Republic is (re)made2 CIPizenship: On the making of golden passports3 Makers: On the art of selling a passport4 Takers: On offshore citizens in Cyprus5 Markets: On the global economy of selling citizenshipConclusion: Propertied citizenship

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Book SynopsisThis highly original book constitutes one of the first attempts to examine the problem of distributive justice in the European Union in a systematic manner. João Labareda argues that the set of shared political institutions at EU level, including the European Parliament and the Court of Justice of the EU, generate democratic duties of redistribution among EU citizens. Furthermore, the economic structure of the EU, comprising a common market, a common currency and a free-movement area, triggers duties of reciprocity among member states. The responsibilities to fulfil these duties, Labareda argues, should be shared by the local, national and supranational levels of government. Not only should the EU act as a safety net to the national welfare systems, applying the principle of subsidiarity, but common market and Eurozone regulations should balance their efficiency targets with fair cooperation terms.The concrete policy proposals presented in this book include a threshold of basic goods for all EU citizens, an EU labour code, a minimum EU corporate tax rate and an EU fund for competitiveness. Labarada argues that his proposals match the political culture of the member states, are economically feasible, can be translated into functioning institutions and policies and are consistent with the limited degree of social solidarity in Europe. This book is a major contribution to the understanding of what a just Europe would look like and what it might take to get us there.This book is relevant to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10, Reduced inequalitiesTrade ReviewLabareda’s book is a rare thing, combining sophisticated philosophical argumentation with concrete policy proposals (including a European minimum income and a harmonized corporate tax). There is no book published to date that is as successful at combining philosophical, empirical, and policy perspectives.Professor Andrea Sangiovanni, King's College LondonLabareda’s argument for distributive justice in the European Union combines a sober analysis of the Union’s institutional features with a bold vision of policies it ought to adopt in order to live up to its social commitments. A must read not only for political theorists but also for EU scholars and social policy actors.Rainer Bauböck, Austrian Academy of Sciences, ViennaA novel and sophisticated defence of distributive justice in the European Union. Ambitious and nuanced, Labareda is sensitive to both matters of principle and empirical constraints. His book will be an excellent guide for both political theorists and policy-makers thinking about the future of Europe beyond the nation state.Professor Lea Ypi, London School of Economics and Political Science -- .Table of ContentsIntroduction: The problem of distributive justice in the EU1 Two distributive duties2 Democratic redistribution in the EU3 Economic reciprocity in the EU4 A moderate feasibility test for normative theory5 Realizing distributive justice in the EUConclusion: Towards a just EuropeBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book reconceptualises Europeanisation and studies how the EU Enlargement has shaped LGBT politics in Serbia. Questioning our ability to reduce LGBT liberation to rights and policies, the book moves beyond legal and institutional change to consider the political consequences the Europeanisation of LGBT rights has for people's lived realities. -- .

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