Citizenship and nationality law Books

Book SynopsisMacDougall sifts through hundreds of reported and unreported cases of the past four decades in order to uncover the subjective assumptions and biases operating in Canadian courts.

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Book SynopsisEdited and with an introduction by political scientist Rogers M. Smith, Citizenship, Borders, and Human Needs brings together essays by an international array of leading scholars from a wide range of disciplines to explore the economic, cultural, political, and normative aspects of comparative immigration policies.Trade Review""This volume does an admirable job of laying an impressive, comparative, and multifaceted groundwork to help readers gain some analytical traction on the many facets of [global migration]." * Perspectives on Politics *"The strength of the volume is in weaving together so many disparate discussions about immigration, revealing the complexities facing modern states, nationals, and immigrants." * Choice *"The core issues that are covered in this edited volume are framed around the need to bring together perspectives from a range of academic disciplines and theoretical perspectives to explore contemporary controversies about the economic, social, cultural and political impact of immigration. . . . There is much to be admired in their various efforts." * Ethnic and Racial Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction —Rogers M. Smith 1. International Migration: Global Trends and Issues —Demetrios G. Papademetriou PART I. CITIZENSHIP, BORDERS, AND ECONOMIC NEEDS 2. Rural Migration and Economic Development with Reference to Mexico and the United States —Antonio Yu'nez-Naude 3. Global Migrations and Economic Need —Saskia Sassen 4. The Immigration Paradox: Alien Workers and Distributive Justice —Howard F. Chang 5. What Is an Economic Migrant? Europe's New Borders and the Politics of Classification —Karolina Szmagalska-Follis PART II. CITIZENSHIP, BORDERS, AND CULTURAL NEEDS 6. Brokering Inclusion: Education, Language, and the Immigrant Middle Class —Mae M. Ngai 7. Immigration, Citizenship, and the Need for Integration —Christian Joppke 8. Engendering Culture: Citizenship, Identity, and Belonging —Leti Volpp 9. Three Models of Civic Solidarity Sarah Song PART III. CITIZENSHIP, BORDERS, AND POLITICAL NEEDS 10 Immigration and Security in the United States —Christopher Rudolph 11. Citizenship's New Subject: The Illegal Immigrant Voter —Kamal Sadiq 12. ''We the People'' in an Age of Migration: Multiculturalism and Immigrants' Political Integration in Comparative Perspective —Irene Bloemraad 13. Associational Governance of Ethno-Religious Diversity in Europe: The Dutch Case —Veit Bader PART IV. TOWARD NORMATIVE PRINCIPLES 14. When and Why Should Liberal Democracies Restrict Immigration? —Stephen Macedo 15. Expatriatism: The Theory and Practice of Open Borders —Chandran Kukathas 16. Citizenship and Free Movement —Rainer Bauböck Contents Notes List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisIn Varieties of Sovereignty and Citizenship, scholars from a wide range of disciplines reflect on the transformation of the world away from the absolute sovereignty of independent nation-states and on the proliferation of varieties of plural citizenship. The emergence of possible new forms of allegiance and their effect on citizens and on political processes underlie the essays in this volume.The essays reflect widespread acceptance that we cannot grasp either the empirical realities or the important normative issues today by focusing only on sovereign states and their actions, interests, and aspirations. All the contributors accept that we need to take into account a great variety of globalizing forces, but they draw very different conclusions about those realities. For some, the challenges to the sovereignty of nation-states are on the whole to be regretted and resisted. These transformations are seen as endangering both state capacity and state willingness to promoteTrade Review"Excellent, engaging, and enriching, the essays of Varieties of Sovereignty and Citizenship pursue a wide spectrum of political and methodological approaches to address the state of the national state in the current globalizing moment." * Linda S. Bosniak, Rutgers School of Law-Camden *Table of ContentsIntroduction —Sigal R. Ben-Porath and Rogers M. Smith I. WAR, SOVEREIGNTY, AND PLURAL CITIZENSHIPS Chapter 1. Sovereignty Out of Joint —Arjun Chowdhury Chapter 2. War, Rights, and Contention: Lasswell v. Tilly —Sidney Tarrow Chapter 3. Subcontracting Sovereignty: The Afterlife of Proxy War —Anna Tsing Chapter 4. In Conflict: Sovereignty, Identity, Counterinsurgency —Nasser Hussain II. IMMIGRATION, SOVEREIGNTY, AND PLURAL CITIZENSHIPS Chapter 5. Citizen Terrorists and the Challenges of Plural Citizenship —Peter H. Schuck Chapter 6. Immigration, Causality, and Complicity —Michael Blake Chapter 7. The Missing Link: Rootedness as a Basis for Membership —Ayelet Shachar III. ON COSMOPOLITAN ALTERNATIVES Chapter 8. World Government Is Here! —Robert E. Goodin Chapter 9. If You Need a Friend, Don't Call a Cosmopolitan —Jeremy Rabkin Chapter 10. The Physico-Material Bases of Cosmopolitanism —Pheng Cheah Chapter 11. Citizens of the Earth: Indigenous Cosmopolitanism and the Governance of the Prior —Elizabeth A. Povinelli Chapter 12. The Idea of Global Citizenship —David Miller Chapter 13. Why Does the State Matter Morally? Political Obligation and Particularity —Anna Stilz List of Contributors Notes Index

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Book SynopsisA history of immigration policy in the United States and the world, Deportation chronicles the unsystematic emergence of what has become an internationally recognized legal doctrine, the far-reaching impact of which forever altered what it means to be an immigrant and a citizen.Trade Review"[A] meticulous and timely monograph [that] traces the roots of the contemporary deportation regime back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries . . . . Hester's insights into the inner workings and geopolitics of deportation make an important contribution to our understanding of the history of immigration policy." * Journal of American History *"Deportation takes seriously the diplomatic requirements of a modern deportation system, and in fact, contextualizes the rise of the American deportation regime within a broader international transition from expulsion to deportation under the modern nation-state systems of documentation and international law. . . . Hester's work could hardly be more timely or important." * Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era *"In this engaging and timely book, Hester examines the historical evolution of deportation policy in the US. Through archival research and historical policy analysis, the author considers the power of deportation, the national and international policies created to administer this power, and the changing meaning of deportability...As nations around the world confront the current global migration crisis, readers will surely appreciate the author’s explanations of the long-term causes and consequences of deportation policies. Deportation makes a fine contribution to our understanding of these issues." * Choice *"Through impressive research and detailed analysis, Torrie Hester shows how the early history of deportation law and policy contributed to the world in which we now live. The author successfully shows how the incremental creation of acceptable grounds for deportation reflected an agenda of racialized nation building-an issue that is often raised in critique of the mass deportations of our own times." * Donna Gabaccia, University of Toronto *"Deportation: The Origins of U.S. Policy is a tour-de-force of U.S. policy history, detailing how deportation was born as a lawful practice in the late nineteenth century and tracking its steady expansion into the twentieth century. Moreover, it follows the story beyond U.S. borders to examine the world in which U.S. immigration was made. It is a timely and urgent work." * Kelly Lytle Hernandez, University of California, Los Angeles *Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1. Creating U.S. Deportation Policy Chapter 2. The International Regime Chapter 3. Deportation and Citizenship Status Chapter 4. From Protection to Punishment Chapter 5. The Limits of Deportation Power Chapter 6. From Racial to Economic Grounds Conclusion Notes Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisAn ethnographic exploration of the meaning of national citizenship in the context of globalizationThe American Passport in Turkey explores the diverse meanings and values that people outside of the United States attribute to U.S. citizenship, specifically those who possess or seek to obtain U.S. citizenship while residing in Turkey. Özlem Altan-Olcay and Evren Balta interviewed more than one hundred individuals and families and, through their narratives, shed light on how U.S. citizenship is imagined, experienced, and practiced in a setting where everyday life is marked by numerous uncertainties and unequal opportunities. When a Turkish mother wants to protect her daughter's modern, secular upbringing through U.S. citizenship, U.S. citizenship, for her, is a form of insurance for her daughter given Turkey's unknown political future. When a Turkish-American citizen describes how he can make a credible claim of national belonging because he returned to Turkey yet can also claim a cosmopoTrade Review"Providing a multifaceted analysis of citizenship and identity and the choices people make when confronted with political and economic conundrums, the book will be of interest to scholars of citizenship studies, migration studies and anyone interested in questions of identity, mobility, transnationalism, as well as gender, space and politics . . . [T]he book [does] a remarkable job in showing the most perplexing element of the imaginaries of citizenship in the age of transnationalism: how deeply individualized the choices and imaginaries were, extending as far out as to immediate loved ones--children, partners, parents--and how one's view of one's life trajectory revolved predominantly around education and work." * Gender, Place & Culture *"One of the recurrent debates of migration studies in the global era is whether the dynamics of globalization challenge the prominence of nation states and traditional models of citizenship. OzlemAltan-Olcay and Evren Balta make a remarkable contribution to this discussion . . . Altan-Olcay and Balta's analysis is powerful insofar as it grasps both the endurance of structural sources of inequality (institutions) and the contingent outcomes of individuals' strategic choices that may lead to further mobilities (interests), as well as the symbolic meanings they attribute to citizenship (identities)." * Inernational Migration *"The American Passport in Turkey is a fascinating contribution to our understanding of the place of citizenship in the wake of globalization." * Peter J. Spiro, Temple University *"In our day and age of rising inequalities and insecurities, Özlem Altan-Olcay and Evren Balta offer an important and original exploration of the meaning of national citizenship, especially that of a hegemonic world power, in the context of increased globalization and transnationalism." * Zehra F. Kabasakal Arat, University of Connecticut *Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations Introduction. Meanings and Values of American Citizenship in a Transnational World Chapter 1. Imagining America in Turkey: A Historical Overview Chapter 2. Imagining U.S. Citizenship: Risk Societies and Calculating Mothers Chapter 3. Transnationalized Americans: Stories of Moving Up in the World Chapter 4. Coming Back from an American Dream: Turkish Americans in Turkey Conclusion. A Nation of Transnational Citizens Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisSince its founding, the US has struggled with issues of federalism and states' rights. This book explores the complicated and complicating role of the states in immigration policy and enforcement, including voices from both sides of the debate.Trade ReviewA new collection of essaysStrange Neighborsshines a much needed light on state immigration activities and reveals that the federal governments impressive power over migrants lives is only one part of the story. * Crimmigration.com *In Arizona v. United States (2012), the Supreme Court delivered a landmark ruling that invalidated core provisions of Arizonas S.B. 1070, the controversial state immigration enforcement law that was a model for many states and localities seeking to buttress, and arguably expand on, federal immigration enforcement efforts. Strange Neighbors is one of the first book-length inquiries into the efforts by state and local governments to regulate immigration. With an insightful introduction by Jack Chin and Carissa Byrne Hessick, the book explains the emergence of state and local immigration enforcement laws, the historical antecedents to those laws, provide vigorous defenses of state and local immigration regulation by two of their most prominent advocates, and offer critical evaluations of the state and local efforts to regulate immigration. The authors of the chapters are leaders in the field and authors of some of the most exciting immigration law scholarship being published today. It goes without saying that Strange Neighbors is a 'must read' for anyone interested in immigration enforcement in the twenty-first century. -- Kevin R. Johnson,Dean, UC Davis School of LawThe essays in Strange Neighbors provide new and timely insights into decades of debates about how laws, generated by state, local, and federal governments, create or mitigate the impact of national borders on millions of peoplein and outside of the United States. -- Judith Resnik,Arthur Liman Professor of Law, Yale Law SchoolThis book provides context, perspective, and the reasoning behind both sides positions. That makes it a valuable resource for anyone seriously interested in gaining a fuller and more nuanced understanding of the debate over federal and states rights in the immigration realm. * The Federal Lawyer *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments IntroductionGabriel J. Chin and Carissa Byrne HessickI. The Recent Spate of State and Local Immigration Regulation 1. Measuring the Climate for Immigrants: A State-by-State AnalysisHuyen Pham and Pham Hoang Van 2. How Arizona Became Ground Zero in the War on 40 ImmigrantsDouglas S. MasseyII. Historical Antecedents to the Modern State and Local Efforts to Regulate Immigration 3. "A War to Keep Alien Labor out of Colorado": The "Mexican Menace" and the Historical Origins of Local and State Anti-Immigration InitiativesTom I. Romero IIIII. A Defense of State and Local Efforts 4. Reinforcing the Rule of Law: What States Can and Should Do to Reduce Illegal ImmigrationKris W. Kobach 5. The States Enter the Illegal Immigration Fray John C. EastmanIV. A Critical Evaluation of the New State Regulation 6. Broken Mirror: The Unconstitutional Foundations of New State Immigration EnforcementGabriel J. Chin and Marc L. Miller 7. The Role of States in the National Conversation on ImmigrationRick Su 8. Post-Racial Proxy Battles over Immigration Mary FanAbout the ContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisIlluminates the nuanced and layered realities of immigrants' lives, describing the varying complexities surrounding immigration, crime, law, and victimizationTrade ReviewContrary to public opinion, immigrants commit less crime than native-born Americans, yet after 9/11 and in the midst of a stagnant economy, new anti-immigrant laws have emerged that have brutal consequences for unauthorized immigrantsand manifold unanticipated consequences for U.S. citizens, particularly Latinos. Punishing Immigrants brings these anticipated and unanticipated consequences to the fore, and vividly illustrates the & layered realities of immigrants lives at a time when social control and immigration is near an all-time high. -- Jennifer Lee,co-author of The Diversity Paradox: Immigration and the Color Line in 21st Century AmericaPunishing Immigrants compellingly develops a new paradigm for understanding the role that punitive social control plays on marginalized immigrant populations. The authors develop a new paradigm--one that allows us to understand how crime control has become a primary mechanism for regulating immigration and vulnerable immigrant populations. This project brilliantly humanizes the lives of immigrant populations while rigorously addressing structural processes responsible for the breakup of families, the criminalization of children, and the dehumanization of entire populations. -- Victor M. Rios,author of Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino BoysTable of ContentsAcknowledgments 1. Introduction Charis E. Kubrin, Marjorie S. Zatz, and Ramiro Martinez, Jr. 2. Panic, Risk, ControlMichael Welch 3. Growing Tensions between Civic Membership and Enforcement in the Devolution of Immigration Control Doris Marie Provine, Monica Varsanyi, Paul G. Lewis, and Scott H. Decker 4. No SurprisesKyrsten Sinema 5. Unearthing and Confronting the Social Skeletons of Immigration Status in Our Criminal Justice System Evelyn H. Cruz 6. The Ruptures of Return: Deportation's Confounding Effects M. Kathleen Dingeman-Cerda and Susan Bibler Coutin 7. Race, Land, and Forced Migration in DarfurWenona Rymond-Richmond and John Hagan 8. Situating the Immigration and Neighborhood Crime Relationship across Multiple Cities Maria B. Velez and Christopher J. Lyons 9. Immigrant Inclusion and Prospects through Schooling in ItalyPaola Bertolini and Michele Lalla 10. Social Stressors, Special Vulnerabilities, and Violence Victimization among Latino Immigrant Day Laborers in Post-Katrina New Orleans Alice Cepeda, Nalini Negi, Kathryn Nowotny, James Arango, Charles Kaplan, and Avelardo Valdez 11. Conclusion Marjorie S. Zatz, Charis E. Kubrin, and Ramiro Martinez, Jr. About the Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisExpatriation, or the stripping away citizenship and all rights that come with it, is usually associated with despotic and totalitarian regimes. The imagery of mass expulsion of once integral members of the community is associated with civil wars, ethnic cleansing, the Holocaust, or other oppressive historical events. This book deals with topic.Trade ReviewAn original fascinating and insightful interpretation of a neglected dimension of American political culture: the power to revoke citizenship. Herzogs book is an important exploration of the deeper meaning of political and national culture as it affects and is affected by legal arrangements. -- Pnina Lahav,Boston UniversityIn this pioneering study, Ben Herzog shows that in order to understand the continually-contested status of citizenship, we must understand how citizenship is lost. Challenging the popular notion that only totalitarian regimes take away citizenship, his book throws much needed light on the long history of revocation in the United States, the postwar judicial revolution that minimized the practice, and new challenges in the twenty-first century to that revolutions achievements. By deftly placing contemporary controversies about terrorism and the right to have rights into this broader historical and social context, Revoking Citizenship provides a timely yet sure to be lasting contribution to scholarship. For anyone concerned with the problems of citizenship, it is essential reading. -- Chad Alan Goldberg,University of Wisconsin-MadisonScholarship on citizenship has awakened to the potential power that lies in laws of expatriation. Ben Herzogs political, philosophical, and jurisprudential history of expatriation practices reaches back further in U.S. history than other such studies and sheds much needed light on the contemporary relevance of this important facet of U.S. citizenship. -- Elizabeth F. Cohen,Syracuse UniversityThatRevoking Citizenshipnot only provokesquestions but also simultaneously provides the groundwork necessary for further inquiry into these issues illustrates why the book is likely to become a staple in the canon of historical and legal scholarship on citizenship. * The Journal of American History *For Herzog, expatriation policy and practices are windows to American understanding of citizenship. * Choice *Table of ContentsContents List of Tables and Figures ix Foreword xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 1 Revoking Citizenship 9 2 National Beginnings-American versus British Citizenship 27 3 Legislative Initiatives 37 4 International Relations 56 5 Consular Dilemmas 70 6 Supreme Court Rulings 78 7 The Board of Appellate Review 90 8 The War on Terror 110 9 Dual Citizenship and the Revocation of Citizenship 122 Conclusion 137 Notes 141 Bibliography 161 Index 177 About the Author 187

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Book SynopsisDiscusses the unprecedented challenges that the movement of peoples across national borders poses, for the people involved as well as for the places to which they travel and their countries of origin.Trade Review"Benhabib and Resnik have succeeded admirably in their aspiration ‘to reorient the lively debate concerning globalization, borders, migration and citizenship . . . .’ With the appearance of this volume, the debate will never be the same. It is an essential resource for serious students of the subject." -- Peter H. Schuck,Simeon E. Baldwin Professor, Yale Law School"Crossing disciplinary boundaries and navigating the comparative and transnational frontiers of migration, this extraordinary volume displaces the traditional male-centered perception of immigration without falling into an essentializing and unitary vision of the world’s diverse female migrants. Topical, timely, and well organized, the editors are to be congratulated for having assembled a collection that will undoubtedly stimulate a lasting debate in the field." -- Ayelet Shachar,author of The Birthright Lottery: Citizenship and Global Inequality"The rare and much needed interdisciplinarity evident in this book makes it a key contribution to the subject. Each chapter engages a critical dimension of the larger puzzle. And the editors' introduction brilliantly lays out an expanded analytic terrain for the old and new questions addressed by the authors." -- Saskia Sassen,author of Territory, Authority, Rights"The broad themes brought forth by the contributors . . . offer a rich introduction to the important problems that will occupy scholars of immigration law and policy for many years to come." * The Law and Politics Book Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction I Situated Histories of Citizenship and Gender 1 Citizenship and Gender in the Ancient World 2 The Stateless as the Citizen's Other II Global Markets, Women's Work 3 Citizenship, Noncitizenship, and the Transnationalization of Domestic Work 4 A Bio-Cartography III Citizenship of the Family, Citizenship in the Family 5 The "Mere Fortuity of Birth"? 6 Transnational Mothering, National Immigration Policy, and European Law IV Engendered Citizenship in Practice 7 Global Feminism, Citizenship, and the State 8 Particularized Citizenship 9 Multiculturalism, Gender, and Rights V Reconfiguring the Nation-State: Women's Citizenship in the Transnational Context 10 Globalizing Fragmentation 11 Status Quo or Sixth Ground? Adjudicating Gender Asylum Claims 12 Intercultural Political Identity 13 Mobility, Migrants, and Solidarity 14 Citizenships, Federalisms, and Gender About the Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisDiscusses the unprecedented challenges that the movement of peoples across national borders poses, for the people involved as well as for the places to which they travel and their countries of origin.Trade Review"Benhabib and Resnik have succeeded admirably in their aspiration ‘to reorient the lively debate concerning globalization, borders, migration and citizenship . . . .’ With the appearance of this volume, the debate will never be the same. It is an essential resource for serious students of the subject." -- Peter H. Schuck,Simeon E. Baldwin Professor, Yale Law School"Crossing disciplinary boundaries and navigating the comparative and transnational frontiers of migration, this extraordinary volume displaces the traditional male-centered perception of immigration without falling into an essentializing and unitary vision of the world’s diverse female migrants. Topical, timely, and well organized, the editors are to be congratulated for having assembled a collection that will undoubtedly stimulate a lasting debate in the field." -- Ayelet Shachar,author of The Birthright Lottery: Citizenship and Global Inequality"The rare and much needed interdisciplinarity evident in this book makes it a key contribution to the subject. Each chapter engages a critical dimension of the larger puzzle. And the editors' introduction brilliantly lays out an expanded analytic terrain for the old and new questions addressed by the authors." -- Saskia Sassen,author of Territory, Authority, Rights"The broad themes brought forth by the contributors . . . offer a rich introduction to the important problems that will occupy scholars of immigration law and policy for many years to come." * The Law and Politics Book Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction I Situated Histories of Citizenship and Gender 1 Citizenship and Gender in the Ancient World 2 The Stateless as the Citizen's Other II Global Markets, Women's Work 3 Citizenship, Noncitizenship, and the Transnationalization of Domestic Work 4 A Bio-Cartography III Citizenship of the Family, Citizenship in the Family 5 The "Mere Fortuity of Birth"? 6 Transnational Mothering, National Immigration Policy, and European Law IV Engendered Citizenship in Practice 7 Global Feminism, Citizenship, and the State 8 Particularized Citizenship 9 Multiculturalism, Gender, and Rights V Reconfiguring the Nation-State: Women's Citizenship in the Transnational Context 10 Globalizing Fragmentation 11 Status Quo or Sixth Ground? Adjudicating Gender Asylum Claims 12 Intercultural Political Identity 13 Mobility, Migrants, and Solidarity 14 Citizenships, Federalisms, and Gender About the Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisTakes on critics of Latina/o immigration, using government statistics, economic data, historical records, and social science research to provide a counter-narrativeTrade ReviewThis data-driven and massively documented study replaces rhetoric with analysis, myth with fact, and apocalyptic predictions with sane and realizable proposals. -- Stanley Fish,Davidson-Kahn Distinguished University Professor, Florida International UniversityThis outstanding book illuminates the historical, economic, political and even psychological aspects of one of the major civil rights issues of our time. Balanced, thoroughly researched and clear-eyed, this volume is sure to angerand should be readby partisans on both sides of the immigration debate. In a controversy dominated by selective presentation of evidence and oversimplification, Román brings sorely needed expertise and fair-minded analysis. -- Gabriel Chin,University of California Davis School of LawTable of ContentsForeword Michael A. Olivas Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Anti-Immigrant Rhetoric 3. Empirical Data on Immigration 4. Immigration's Effects on State and Local Economies 5. The Conflicted United States-Mexico Relationship: Invitation and Exclusion 6. Sociological and Psychological Insights on Anti-Immigrant Bias 7. A Pragmatic Proposal for Immigration Reform Notes Index About the Author

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Book SynopsisPresents a magisterial history of French nationality law from 1789. Focusing on the political and legal confrontations that policies governing French nationality have evoked and the laws that have resulted, this work teases out the rationales of jurists and lawmakers.Trade Review“How to Be French is a pioneering study of the fabrication of official ‘Frenchness’ since the Revolution of 1789, marshaling a plethora of fresh evidence and rereading more familiar sources in the service of an original, thoughtful, and provocative analysis. Patrick Weil is the most knowledgeable and insightful student of the institutional and judicial character of the French social tissue—of the political construction of cohesion in a land of immigration. He reminds the French of certain jagged truths they would prefer to forget; soberly, he draws lessons of great pertinence to other societies struggling to make multiplicity and heterogeneity work.”—Steven Laurence Kaplan, Goldwin Smith Professor of European History, Cornell University“How to be French is a critical history of nationality law and politics that illuminates decisive moments in the making of French nationality while making new and sophisticated theoretical claims about the articulations of nationality, the state, and history itself. This is a stupendous achievement by one of the most important French scholars and public intellectuals writing today.”—Peter Sahlins, author of Unnaturally French: Foreign Citizens in the Old Regime and After“This remarkable, award-winning book is sure to be extremely well received by English-language audiences. It provides a detailed, rigorous, chronologically wide, broadly comparative, and fascinating history of French nationality. How to Be French profoundly revises previous knowledge on the topic, and its comparative framework makes it essential reading not only to scholars of France but also to those interested in Germany, the United States, Algeria, and beyond.”— Eric T. Jennings, author of Curing the Colonizers: Hydrotherapy, Climatology, and French Colonial SpasTable of ContentsAcronyms and Abbreviations vii Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 Part One. The Construction of Modern Nationality Law in France 1. From the Old Regime to the Civil Code: The Two Revolutions in French Nationality 11 2. The Triumph of Jus Soli (1803-1889) 30 3. Naturalization Comes to the Aid of the Nation (1889-1940) 54 Part Two. Ethnic Crises in French Nationality 4. Vichy: A Racist and Anti-Semitic Nationality Policy 87 5. The Difficult Reestablishment of Republican Legislation 125 6. The Algerian Crisis in French Nationality 152 Conclusion to Parts One and Two 168 Part Three. Nationality in Comparison and In Practice 7. Jus Soli versus Jus Sanguinis: The False Opposition between French and German Law 173 8. Discrimination within Nationality Law 194 9. How Does One Become or Remain French? French Nationality in Practice 228 Conclusion 250 Glossary 255 Notes 263 Maps and Documents 375 Bibliography 409 Index 427

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Book SynopsisThe contributors to Citizenship in Question demonstrate that the line separating citizenship and noncitizenship is ambiguous and inconsistent. In case studies analyzing the legal barriers to citizenship rights in over twenty countries, the contributors show how states use citizenship requirements to police racial, ethnic, class, and religious difference.Trade Review"This is one of those books that you wish you could get everyone to read. ... For classes that focus on questions of global migration, political belonging and exclusion, and the powers of the State, this book is a useful resource. Rich in historical facts that help explain how we have reached a point where citizenship often overshadows humanity, Citizenship in Question will be a valuable addition for a required reading list or a personal library. Essential." -- M. Lecea * Choice *"[A] remarkable contribution that both adds to scholarship on citizenship and challenges some of the inherent assumptions that underpin citizenship studies. ... This sophisticated and wide-ranging volume is essential reading for not only those interested in citizenship, bureaucracy and the state, but also for a wider, non-academic audience." -- Kalathmika Natarajan * LSE Review of Books *“The case studies in this volume present a significant human rights challenge. . . . Citizenship allocations may seem as neatly drawn as lines on the map of the world. As this volume demonstrates, there are many contexts in which they are hardly that.” -- Peter J. Spiro * Perspectives on Politics *"Powerful. . . . The contributing authors show through numerous examples how citizenship is not self-evident, nor can it be inferred from documents alone, which is another fundamental paradox to citizenship." -- Sue-Je Lee Gage * PoLAR *"Essential reading for academics in citizenship law, but also a broader audience grappling with what citizenship and belonging mean in a modern world." -- Susi Foerschler * Border Criminologies *Table of ContentsPreface: Ace's Story ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction / Jacqueline Stevens 1 Part I. International and Regional Protocols: Citizenship and Statelessness Protocols 1. Jus Soli and Statelessness: A Comparative Perspective from the Americas / Polly J. Price 27 2. The Politics of Evidence: Roma Citizenship Deficits in Europe / Jacqueline Bhabha 43 3. Statelessness-in-Question: Expert Testimony and the Evidentiary Burden of Statelessness / Benjamin N. Lawrance 60 4. Reproducing Uncertainty: Documenting Contested Sovereignty and Citizenship across the Taiwan Strait / Sara L. Friedman 81 5. What is a "Real" Australian Citizen?: Insights from Papua New Guinea and Mr. Amos Ame / Kim Rubenstein with Jacqueline Field 100 Part II. Official or Administrative Acts 6. To Know a Citizen: Birthright Citizenship Documents Regimes in U.S. History / Beatrice McKenzie 117 7. From the Outside Looking In: U.S. Passports in the Borderlands / Rachel E. Rosenbloom 132 8. Problems of Evidence, Evidence of Problems: Expanding Citizenship and Reproducing Statelessness among Highlanders in Northern Thailand / Amanda Flaim 147 9. Limits of Legal Citizenship: Narratives from South and Southeast Asia / Kamal Sadiq 165 Part III. Legislatures and Court Disputes 10. American Birthright Citizenship Rules and the Exclusion of "Outsiders" from the Political Community / Margaret D. Stock 179 11. Ivoirité and Citizenship in Ivory Coast: The Controversial Policy of Authenticity / Alfred Babo 200 12. The Alien Who Is a Citizen / Jacqueline Stevens 217 Afterword / Daniel Kanstroom 240 References 247 Contributors 275 Index 279

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Book SynopsisThe contributors to Citizenship in Question demonstrate that the line separating citizenship and noncitizenship is ambiguous and inconsistent. In case studies analyzing the legal barriers to citizenship rights in over twenty countries, the contributors show how states use citizenship requirements to police racial, ethnic, class, and religious difference.Trade Review"This is one of those books that you wish you could get everyone to read. ... For classes that focus on questions of global migration, political belonging and exclusion, and the powers of the State, this book is a useful resource. Rich in historical facts that help explain how we have reached a point where citizenship often overshadows humanity, Citizenship in Question will be a valuable addition for a required reading list or a personal library. Essential." -- M. Lecea * Choice *"[A] remarkable contribution that both adds to scholarship on citizenship and challenges some of the inherent assumptions that underpin citizenship studies. ... This sophisticated and wide-ranging volume is essential reading for not only those interested in citizenship, bureaucracy and the state, but also for a wider, non-academic audience." -- Kalathmika Natarajan * LSE Review of Books *“The case studies in this volume present a significant human rights challenge. . . . Citizenship allocations may seem as neatly drawn as lines on the map of the world. As this volume demonstrates, there are many contexts in which they are hardly that.” -- Peter J. Spiro * Perspectives on Politics *"Powerful. . . . The contributing authors show through numerous examples how citizenship is not self-evident, nor can it be inferred from documents alone, which is another fundamental paradox to citizenship." -- Sue-Je Lee Gage * PoLAR *"Essential reading for academics in citizenship law, but also a broader audience grappling with what citizenship and belonging mean in a modern world." -- Susi Foerschler * Border Criminologies *Table of ContentsPreface: Ace's Story ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction / Jacqueline Stevens 1 Part I. International and Regional Protocols: Citizenship and Statelessness Protocols 1. Jus Soli and Statelessness: A Comparative Perspective from the Americas / Polly J. Price 27 2. The Politics of Evidence: Roma Citizenship Deficits in Europe / Jacqueline Bhabha 43 3. Statelessness-in-Question: Expert Testimony and the Evidentiary Burden of Statelessness / Benjamin N. Lawrance 60 4. Reproducing Uncertainty: Documenting Contested Sovereignty and Citizenship across the Taiwan Strait / Sara L. Friedman 81 5. What is a "Real" Australian Citizen?: Insights from Papua New Guinea and Mr. Amos Ame / Kim Rubenstein with Jacqueline Field 100 Part II. Official or Administrative Acts 6. To Know a Citizen: Birthright Citizenship Documents Regimes in U.S. History / Beatrice McKenzie 117 7. From the Outside Looking In: U.S. Passports in the Borderlands / Rachel E. Rosenbloom 132 8. Problems of Evidence, Evidence of Problems: Expanding Citizenship and Reproducing Statelessness among Highlanders in Northern Thailand / Amanda Flaim 147 9. Limits of Legal Citizenship: Narratives from South and Southeast Asia / Kamal Sadiq 165 Part III. Legislatures and Court Disputes 10. American Birthright Citizenship Rules and the Exclusion of "Outsiders" from the Political Community / Margaret D. Stock 179 11. Ivoirité and Citizenship in Ivory Coast: The Controversial Policy of Authenticity / Alfred Babo 200 12. The Alien Who Is a Citizen / Jacqueline Stevens 217 Afterword / Daniel Kanstroom 240 References 247 Contributors 275 Index 279

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Book SynopsisA timely examination of the increasing efforts to criminalize the status of immigrants, exiles, and refugeesTable of ContentsIntroduction: The “Problem” of Migration Robert Koulish and Maartje van der Woude | 1 I. Border Criminologies 1 Insecurity Syndrome: The Challenges of Trump’s Carceral State Tony Platt | 33 2 Migration, Populism, Racism: Between “Old” Italy and “New” Europe Dario Melossi | 50 3 The Promise of the Border: Immigration Control and Belonging in Contemporary Britain Ana Aliverti | 68 II. Crimmigration Under Trump 4 The Terrorism of Everyday Crime Juliet P. Stumpf | 89 5 The Trumping of Neoliberal Penality? Trump’s Presidency and the Rise of Nationalist Authoritarianism in the United States Sappho Xenakis and Leonidas K. Cheliotis | 116 6 Trump v. Hawaii: Trumpeting Authoritarianism with Formalist Analysis and Sovereign Norms Robert Koulish | 134 7 A Path toward Nowhere: The Rise of Enforcement- Based Immigration Policy Doris Marie Provine | 157 8 Trump Doesn’t Tweet Dog Whistles, He Barks with the Dogs: Crimmigration as a Racial Project through the Lens of Trump’s Twitter Rashawn Ray and Simone Durham | 179 9 Mirrors of Justice? Undocumented Immigrants in Courts in the United States and Russia Agnieszka Kubal and Alejandro Olayo- Méndez | 198 III. Shoring Up Fortress Europe 10 Euroskepticism, Nationalism, and the Securitization of Migration in the Netherlands Maartje van der Woude | 227 11 Sorting Out Welfare: Crimmigration Practices and Abnormal Justice in Norway Helene O. I. Gundhus | 249 12 The Fight against Terrorism in Belgium: Crimmigration Law as a Counterterrorism Instrument? Lana De Pelecijn and Steven De Ridder | 279 13 How Does Crimmigration Unfold in Poland?: Between Securitization Introduced to Polish Migration Policy by Its Europeanization and Polish Xenophobia Witold Klaus | 298 14 Migration Control, Populism, and the Spectrum of Exclusion in Turkey Zeynep Kasli and Zeynep Yanasmayan | 315 List of Contributors | 337 Index | 341

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Book SynopsisMigration is one of the greatest societal challenges of our time. It has many facets, from mass movements to escape war, climate, or human rights abuses to the search for economic opportunity and prosperity. Illicit industries facilitate border crossings at the expense of safety, and governments face problems of processing and integrating new arrivals. These challenges have had a profound impact in Europe, calling into question central values of solidarity and human rights. This book analyses the law and policy of migration in the European Union (EU) and its relationship to understandings of the EU as an international human rights actor. It examines the role crisis plays in determining the priorities of migration policy and the impact political exigencies have on the rights of migrants.This book problematises the EU Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice as a home.' Taking a governmentality approach to critique discourse, the idea of a holistic approach is deconstruTable of Contents1. Introduction: Europe’s migration crisis, a ‘problem of government’ for the EU 2. Understanding EU migration law and policy: actorness, rights, and solidarity 3. Governmentality and domopolitics in theorising EU migration law and policy 4. The EU ‘home’: an Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice 5. The EU as a domopolitical rights actor in the migration crisis 6. The migrant as a subject in EU law: relationship to the EU qua home 7. Technologies of government and the migrant experience of EU rights 8. Human rights and the EU: a model to be emulated? 9. Conclusion: where next for the EU migration policy? Index

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Book SynopsisIs there still a right to seek asylum in a globalised world? Migration control has increasingly moved to the high seas or the territory of transit and origin countries, and is now commonly outsourced to private actors. Under threat of financial penalties airlines today reject any passenger not in possession of a valid visa, and private contractors are used to run detention centres and man border crossings. In this volume Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen examines the impact of these new practices for refugees' access to asylum. A systematic analysis is provided of the reach and limits of international refugee law when migration control is carried out extraterritorially or by non-state actors. State practice from around the globe and case law from all the major human rights institutions is discussed. The arguments are further linked to wider debates in human rights, general international law and political science.Trade Review'The book gives anybody interested in, or working with, these issues a solid basis for refuting claims of non-applicability of international obligations of states in these situations and does so without departing from sound legal research and findings … This book is most certainly a valuable tool for academics, practitioners and students alike.' Kristina Touzenis, International Journal of Refugee Law'This work will be of interest to scholars of refugee law, human rights law, and general international law as it is a comprehensive and well-written guide to the legal norms applicable to the phenomena of offshoring and outsourcing of migration control. The real value of this volume, however, lies in the author's awareness of the factual realities of private and extraterritorial migration control. Throughout the book, the author sets the scene, explaining the rationale behind the employment of such policies, how they operate in reality and the practical effect that this has on the individual asylum seeker.' Leiden Journal of International LawTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. The refugee and the globalisation of migration control; 3. Refugee protection and the reach of the non-refoulement principle; 4. Offshore migration control and extraterritorial jurisdiction; 5. The privatisation of migration control and state responsibility; 6. The institutional reach of refugee protection; 7. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book will interest the reader who wants to learn about the history of immigration and citizenship law. Covering the span of American history (16002000), it connects the history of immigrants with that of domestic subordinated groups and reveals the changing legal meanings of foreignness over the course of American history.Trade Review'Kunal Parker has accomplished the remarkable feat of challenging us to think differently about concepts - what it is to belong, what it is to be alien - that once seemed simple. Untangling the complexities of immigration from the Pilgrims to the Dreamers with a brilliant clarity, [he] traces the way that changing meanings of citizenship have been accompanied by paradoxical redefinitions of what it is to be foreign. As we struggle in our own political moment to reform immigration law, Making Foreigners offers indispensable perspective.' Linda K. Kerber, University of Iowa'In Making Foreigners, Kunal Parker shows how American law defined alienage and citizenship in ways that have confounded simple oppositions of insider and outsider. [He] provides a powerful analysis of how various groups 'native' to American territory have been constructed as 'foreigners' in both law and society. Making Foreigners is a tour de force that makes us rethink how the very notion of being 'foreign' has little to do with where one might stand in relation to territorial boundaries.' Mae Ngai, Columbia University, New York'In this breathtakingly sweeping, yet concise, 400-year history, Kunal Parker highlights how through much of American history both immigration and citizenship law rendered individuals and entire groups, from both inside and outside the territorial borders of the United States, 'foreign'. In doing so, he challenges the dichotomy between insiders and foreigners and opens to question the current immigration and deportation regime.' Barbara Welke, University of Minnesota'Making Foreigners offers important insights about the relationship between the nation's treatment of domestic minorities and foreigners.' Kevin Johnson, The Journal of American History'Making Foreigners manages to contribute to the scholarship in the areas of: U.S. immigration law and policy, Latino Studies, Native American Studies, African American studies, women's studies, Asian Americans, and studies of the poor … the book lays out a provocative new thesis that deserves serious discussion and engagement.' Anna O. Law, Law and Politics Book Review'Provides a sweeping and bold reconceptualization of the history of American immigration and citizenship law. … The history of restrictive immigration law and the legal disabilities of the foreign-born in the United States, Parker argues, must be examined in tandem with multi-layered political and legal structures reducing various groups of native-born insiders, such as women, African Americans, Asian Americans, Latino Americans, American Indians, and the poor, into second-class citizens or virtual foreigners in their status and rights. … Parker's broad conceptualization of immigration and citizenship law has enormous value for historians of American immigration and ethnicity. … truly a laudable addition to American historical and legal scholarship.' Hidetaka Hirota, Journal of American Ethnic History'Presents a long-term view of America's struggle over defining cultural and legal others, from those coming from outside the borders to those born within them. … Parker shows throughout how native-born citizens, in effect 'native-born foreigners', continued to share legal disabilities with aliens not just through cultural discrimination but also through the law itself. … Parker's book is a very welcome synthesis of a long (and ongoing) story.' Nancy L. Green, The American Historical Review'Parker's work sheds light on the ways political and legal shifts have allowed the American state to incorporate outsiders, while also rendering insiders foreign … The expansive timeline and ambitious scope of Parker's argument provides a fresh and exhaustive overview of immigration and citizenship history. Highly Recommended.' Ashley Johnson Bavery, Reviews in American HistoryTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Foreigners and borders in British North America; 3. Logics of revolution; 4. Blacks, Indians, and other aliens in antebellum America; 5. The rise of the federal immigration order; 6. Closing the gates in the early twentieth century; 7. A rights revolution?; 8. Conclusion and coda.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first comprehensive political history of national ID card proposals and developments in identity policing in the United States. Examining how national ID card proposals have been woven into political conflict across a variety of policy fields, the book focuses on the period from 1915 to 2016.Trade Review'This is without question the most thorough and comprehensive study of identification documents in American life ever to have been executed. It is likely to remain the standard study for a long time to come.' John Torpey, The Graduate Center, City University of New York'Krajewska offers a comprehensive account of the history of identification documents in the modern United States, showing not only how Americans have argued about identification documents, but also how such documents have been used to police citizens and immigrants alike. In a historical moment of mounting anti-immigrant sentiment, this book is essential reading.' Kunal Parker, author of Making ForeignersTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Identification documents and the book's findings: an overview; 2. Identification documents in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century; 3. Identification documents in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century; 4. Identity policing in the post-9/11 United States: the changing patchwork; 5. Identity policing in the post-9/11 united states: drivers and obstacles; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIn today's world all claims tend to be founded on or justified by 'rights', be they political, social, economic or private. The ubiquity of this discourse has led to a blurring of the definition of what exactly constitutes rights, not to mention a blurring of the boundaries between different bundles of rights, their sources and the various institutional practices through which they are 'enjoyed' or asserted. Particular attention needs to be paid to the category of 'citizenship rights'. Exactly how are they distinguished from human rights? This volume presents some of the most important reflections and studies on citizenship rights, both past and present. The contributions provide both thorough description and incisive analysis and place the question of citizenship rights into a wider historical, social and political perspective. As such, it offers a timely introduction to the current debates surrounding the rights and duties of both citizens and non-citizens alike, with a focus on thTable of ContentsContents: Introduction: what do we talk about when we talk about citizenship rights?, Jo Shaw and Igor Å tiks; Part I What Are Citizenship Rights (and Duties)?: Propositions on citizenship, Étienne Balibar; Citizenship and social class, 40 years on, Tom Bottomore; Rights, relationality, and membership: rethinking the making and meaning of citizenship, Margaret R. Somers; Freedom from, in and through the state: T.H. Marshall’s trinity of rights revisited, Zygmunt Bauman; Two meanings of global citizenship: modern and diverse, James Tully. Part II Different Status, Different Rights: Citizens, residents, and aliens in a changing world: political membership in the global era, Seyla Benhabib; Multicultural states and intercultural citizens, Will Kymlicka; Temporary migrants, partial citizenship and hypermigration, Rainer Bauböck; Transformation of citizenship: status, rights, identity, Christian Joppke. Part III Citizenship Rights and Transnational Challenges: EU citizenship and political rights in an evolving European Union, Jo Shaw; Evaluating Union citizenship: belonging, rights and participation within the EU, Richard Bellamy; Transnational citizenship and the democratic state: modes of membership and voting rights, David Owen; Citizenship and identity: living in diasporas in post-war Europe?, Yasemin Nuhoglu Soysal. Part IV Struggles Over Citizenship Rights: Citizenship in flux: the figure of the activist citizen, Engin F. Isin; Mutations in citizenship, Aihwa Ong; The repositioning of citizenship: emergent subjects and spaces for politics, Saskia Sassen; Feminism, capitalism and the cunning of history, Nancy Fraser; Democratizing citizenship: some advantages of a basic income, Carole Pateman; Constructing sexual citizenship: theorizing sexual rights, Diane Richardson; The right to the city, David Harvey; Name index.

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Book SynopsisLong term resident migrants to the UK still face significant barriers to citizenship. Dr Prabhat captures the experiences of those who successfully become British citizens through stories of belonging, citizenship, and the law. The book illuminates the gap between policy and practice in gaining British citizenship.Trade Review"Engagingly written and addresses a very timely, and urgent, area of debate." Sarah Neal, Professor of Sociology, University of SheffieldTable of ContentsIntroduction to trends and concepts in British citizenship; British citizenship and migration in stories; A folkloric account of citizenship and belonging; Myths and legends: stories of struggles and disappointment; A few fairy tales? stories of success; And, they lived happily ever after? Some conclusions.

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Book SynopsisLegal scholar and former public defender Beth C. Caldwell tells the story of dozens of immigrants who were deported from the United States—the only country they have ever known—to Mexico, tracking the harmful consequences of deportation for those on both sides of the border.Trade Review"A deeply informed appeal to create more humane practices for noncitizens facing criminal deportation. . . . Caldwell looks systematically at the effects of deportation to Mexico on the spouses and children especially (drug abuse, depression, suicide, attractions to gangs) and how this inhumane banishment should be amended. A compelling, rigorously researched legal argument against the demonization of deportees." * Kirkus Reviews *"By telling their stories, Caldwell humanizes the crises these individuals endure, including those of spouses and children who face the decision of having to leave everything they know behind to be with their exiled loved ones. A stark portrayal of the contradictory, misguided, and ineffectual immigration laws that determine the futures of so many." -- Kenneth Otani * Booklist *"Accessible and eye-opening. . . . Caldwell’s extensive research, astute legal analysis, and readable prose make this a layperson-friendly introduction to a thorny problem." * Publishers Weekly * "Drawing on heart-rending interviews with deportees . . . Caldwell decries the inconsistencies between the legal definition of citizenship and people’s experiences of rootedness. She argues that citizenship should be based on a person’s cultural associations rather than on national boundaries." -- Richard Feinberg * Foreign Affairs *"Compelling, comprehensive and properly chilling." -- Andrea Plate * Asia Media International *"The publication of Deported Americans is immensely significant. . . . The literature on post-deportation life has shone light on the disorientation and alienation that accompany deportation. . . Caldwell is the first, however, to examine this population systematically in book-length form." -- Tobin Hansen * H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews *"Deported Americans bridges an imperative gap in the literature on immigration, legal policy, and family separation and provides helpful interpretive tools in the field of migration studies. It is a worthwhile resource for academics, policymakers, and practitioners interested in understanding the causes and consequences of migration and deportation policy." -- Kristina Lovato * International Migration Review *“Deported Americans is the result of a highly innovative, seven-year research project by Beth Caldwell.... I found this text an excellent introductory primer to the multi-layered, complex world of the deportation regime....” -- David C. Brotherton * Contemporary Sociology *“This meticulously well researched and written book should be read by everyone concerned with immigration reform, in any region in the world but particularly in the United States.” -- Judy Adler Hellman * European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1. In the Shadow of Due Process 17 2. Return to a Foreign Land 49 3. Life after Deportation 67 4. Deported by Marriage 101 5. Children of Deportees 127 Conclusion. Resistance and Reforms 153 Epilogue 189 Notes 193 Index 227

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Book SynopsisLegal scholar and former public defender Beth C. Caldwell tells the story of dozens of immigrants who were deported from the United Statesthe only country they have ever knownto Mexico, tracking the harmful consequences of deportation for those on both sides of the border.Trade Review"A deeply informed appeal to create more humane practices for noncitizens facing criminal deportation. . . . Caldwell looks systematically at the effects of deportation to Mexico on the spouses and children especially (drug abuse, depression, suicide, attractions to gangs) and how this inhumane banishment should be amended. A compelling, rigorously researched legal argument against the demonization of deportees." * Kirkus Reviews *"By telling their stories, Caldwell humanizes the crises these individuals endure, including those of spouses and children who face the decision of having to leave everything they know behind to be with their exiled loved ones. A stark portrayal of the contradictory, misguided, and ineffectual immigration laws that determine the futures of so many." -- Kenneth Otani * Booklist *"Accessible and eye-opening. . . . Caldwell’s extensive research, astute legal analysis, and readable prose make this a layperson-friendly introduction to a thorny problem." * Publishers Weekly * "Drawing on heart-rending interviews with deportees . . . Caldwell decries the inconsistencies between the legal definition of citizenship and people’s experiences of rootedness. She argues that citizenship should be based on a person’s cultural associations rather than on national boundaries." -- Richard Feinberg * Foreign Affairs *"Compelling, comprehensive and properly chilling." -- Andrea Plate * Asia Media International *"The publication of Deported Americans is immensely significant. . . . The literature on post-deportation life has shone light on the disorientation and alienation that accompany deportation. . . Caldwell is the first, however, to examine this population systematically in book-length form." -- Tobin Hansen * H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews *"Deported Americans bridges an imperative gap in the literature on immigration, legal policy, and family separation and provides helpful interpretive tools in the field of migration studies. It is a worthwhile resource for academics, policymakers, and practitioners interested in understanding the causes and consequences of migration and deportation policy." -- Kristina Lovato * International Migration Review *“Deported Americans is the result of a highly innovative, seven-year research project by Beth Caldwell.... I found this text an excellent introductory primer to the multi-layered, complex world of the deportation regime....” -- David C. Brotherton * Contemporary Sociology *“This meticulously well researched and written book should be read by everyone concerned with immigration reform, in any region in the world but particularly in the United States.” -- Judy Adler Hellman * European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1. In the Shadow of Due Process 17 2. Return to a Foreign Land 49 3. Life after Deportation 67 4. Deported by Marriage 101 5. Children of Deportees 127 Conclusion. Resistance and Reforms 153 Epilogue 189 Notes 193 Index 227

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Book SynopsisWinner, 2020 Best Book Award, Law Category, given by the American Book FestExamines immigration enforcement and discretion during the first eighteen months of the Trump administrationWithin days of taking office, President Donald J. Trump published or announced changes to immigration law and policy. These changes have profoundly shaken the lives and well-being of immigrants and their families, many of whom have been here for decades, and affected the work of the attorneys and advocates who represent or are themselves part of the immigrant community. Banned examines the tool of discretion, or the choice a government has to protect, detain, or deport immigrants, and describes how the Trump administration has wielded this tool in creating and executing its immigration policy. Banned combines personal interviews, immigration law, policy analysis, and case studies to answer the following questions: (1) what does immigration enforcement and discretion look like in the time of Trump? (2) whTrade Review"This meticulously argued work succeeds in illuminating with plain language what the immigration system obscures behind jargon and steel bars." * STARRED Library Journal *"Now more than ever we need experts such as Professor Shoba Wadhia to make sense of the senseless immigration policies put forth by the Trump administration. Banned combines thoughtful analysis of immigration law and policy with insightful case studies and interviews, culminating in a powerful reminder of the human toll taken on individuals and families caught in the crossfire of prejudice and fear. Banned is a clarion call to reassert humane immigration policy as a core American value." -- Chris Coons, United States Senator"Banned is a significant witness to this unprecedented time in immigration policy." * William Stock, Founding Partner, Klasko Immigration Law Partners, and Past President, American Immigration Lawyers Association *"Banned presents a fascinating discussion of the significant immigration policy changes undertaken by the Trump administration, from the Muslim travel ban to asylum and detention issues. Having represented individuals subject to the travel ban, I have personally seen the tragedies caused by an inhumane and discriminatory policy. Shoba Wadhia shines a bright light on the depth of the drastic changes being made to a country founded by and for immigrants." -- Mahsa Khanbabai, Khanbabai Immigration Law"Banned is a thoughtful look at the immigration initiatives of the Trump administration. Shoba Wadhia critically examines immigration enforcement and the exercise of discretion in immigration matters by the new administration . . . Banned is a definite “must read” for anyone interested in what perhaps has been one of the most rapid periods of change in immigration enforcement ever." -- Kevin R. Johnson, Dean, School of Law, and Mabie-Apallas Professor of Public Interest Law and Chicanx Studies, University of California, Davis"When he began separating immigrant children from their parents, what President Trump did not count on was that the resistance would include the sharp eye and careful pen wielded by the erstwhile Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia, in her splendid work, Banned: Immigration Enforcement in the Time of Trump. Professor Wadhia is the best counterpoint to the President, as she has gathered all the evidence of his political perfidy, and has shown clearly how his attempts to upend international norms have failed to gain traction." -- Michael A Olivas, author of No Undocumented Child Left Behind: Plyler v. Doe and the Education of Undocumented Schoolchildren"Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia is an ideal chronicler of how the architecture of immigration law has dramatically changed under the Trump Administration. After the Muslim ban was announced, Wadhia became an indispensable part of the network of lawyers and activists who mobilized in response. In Banned, Wadhia uses accessible language and a community-centered approach to explain the impact of the Muslim ban, family separation, temporary protected status, and other immigration policies on the daily lives of people. Banned is a vital resource for activists, organizers, lawyers, and practitioners seeking to better understand the current political moment." -- Deepa Iyer, Author of We Too Sing America; South Asian, Arab, Muslim and Sikh Immigrants Shape Our Multiracial Future"From separating families to banning Muslims to countless other cruelties, President Trump has claimed an almost limitless power to banish immigrants and refugees from our land. The nation’s leading expert on immigration enforcement eloquently exposes the illegality of these policies and their devastating impact on immigrant and refugee families." * Stephen H. Legomsky, John S. Lehmann University Professor Emeritus, Washington University in St Louis School of Law, and former Chief Counsel, US Citizenship & Immigration Services *"Very accessibly written, the book will be a great resource for those with little concrete knowledge of immigration issues in the Trump era. Minimal use of jargon makes the book valuable to a very wide audience, including readers across the entire spectrum of higher education." * Choice *"Shoba Wadhia provides a great deal of food for thought for readers." * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Book Reviews *"Banned ... [provides] valuable insight into the many layers of discretion that impact persons crossing borders, beginning with the first encounter that migrants have with border officials, and extending all the way to the highest levels of an administration that has sought to implement far-reaching changes in policy without regard for longstanding rules against arbitrary and capricious behavior." * International Journal of Refugee Law *"Banned is an excellent book for a general audience reader hoping to gain a quick understanding of immigration changes under Trump, as well as for a reader more familiar with immigration law who will appreciate seeing the major currents organized and described so deftly in a short space." * International Migration Review *

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Book SynopsisTraces the role of the aggravated felony in today's deportation regimeIn immigration courts across America, a non-citizen convicted of an aggravated felony will almost certainly face deportation with no access to asylum. However, despite the ominous-sounding name, aggravated felonies need not be either aggravated or felonies. The term encompasses more than thirty offenses, ranging from check fraud and shoplifting to filing a false tax return. The recent expansion in the list of such offenses has resulted in astronomical rates of deportation. This book chronicles the rise of the use of the aggravated felony, known by lawyers as the immigration law death penalty, to criminalize and then deport immigrants. Immigrants convicted of aggravated felonies are subject to mandatory detention and almost certain deportationand are ineligible for almost all forms of legal relief from removal. Furthermore, immigrants convicted of aggravated felonies can be detained for months or even years without Trade Review"Due to the aggravated felony provisions of US immigration law, a legal permanent resident of the United States convicted of a crime—that is neither severe nor even a felony—can be deported with no due process. Despite the severity of these provisions and the fact that tens of thousands of legal permanent residents have been deported under these provisions, few people have heard of aggravated felonies. This theoretically rich and deeply researched book brings aggravated felony provisions from the shadows to the spotlight. Sarah Tosh makes a cogent case that we need to abolish these racially biased and harmful provisions. This book is indispensable for any student or scholar of immigration or critical race theory. " * Tanya Golash-Boza, author of Deported: Immigrant Policing, Disposable Labor, and Global Capitalism *"In immigration law today, there is nothing more harmful to migrants than having ICE throw two words in their direction: aggravated felony. Looking well past the legal arguments, Tosh turns the aggravated felony from a technical legal concept to real-life anxiety. Through immigration court observations and interviews, Tosh shows the damning impact of adding immigration consequences to criminal legal processes, revealing the modern immigration law system’s reliance on criminal history to be rife with bias and short on justice. But through it all, Tosh also finds passionate advocates whose strategic thinking slows ICE’s efforts—and sometimes even carries the day for migrants. " * César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández, author of Migrating to Prison: America’s Obsession with Locking Up Immigrants *"Through extensive interviews and direct observations, Tosh exposes the injustices at the heart of the American deportation regime and the strategies of legal resistance mobilized to resist it. " * Alex S. Vitale, author of The End of Policing *"A powerful and illuminating in-depth examination of the history, politics, and social factors behind the ‘aggravated felony’ legal category. Tosh’s rich analysis deconstructs this invented category, laying bare how it operates as a mechanism to funnel racialized immigrants to deportation. Tosh’s original charting of lawyers’ and advocates’ creative strategies to get around the most detrimental effects of the aggravated felony also seeds hope for pushing back against inherently discriminatory and unjust criminal and immigration laws. Invaluable. " * Nancy Hiemstra, author of Detain and Deport: The Chaotic U.S. Immigration Enforcement Regime *

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Book SynopsisTraces the role of the aggravated felony in today's deportation regimeIn immigration courts across America, a non-citizen convicted of an aggravated felony will almost certainly face deportation with no access to asylum. However, despite the ominous-sounding name, aggravated felonies need not be either aggravated or felonies. The term encompasses more than thirty offenses, ranging from check fraud and shoplifting to filing a false tax return. The recent expansion in the list of such offenses has resulted in astronomical rates of deportation. This book chronicles the rise of the use of the aggravated felony, known by lawyers as the immigration law death penalty, to criminalize and then deport immigrants. Immigrants convicted of aggravated felonies are subject to mandatory detention and almost certain deportationand are ineligible for almost all forms of legal relief from removal. Furthermore, immigrants convicted of aggravated felonies can be detained for months or even years without Trade Review"Due to the aggravated felony provisions of US immigration law, a legal permanent resident of the United States convicted of a crime—that is neither severe nor even a felony—can be deported with no due process. Despite the severity of these provisions and the fact that tens of thousands of legal permanent residents have been deported under these provisions, few people have heard of aggravated felonies. This theoretically rich and deeply researched book brings aggravated felony provisions from the shadows to the spotlight. Sarah Tosh makes a cogent case that we need to abolish these racially biased and harmful provisions. This book is indispensable for any student or scholar of immigration or critical race theory. " * Tanya Golash-Boza, author of Deported: Immigrant Policing, Disposable Labor, and Global Capitalism *"In immigration law today, there is nothing more harmful to migrants than having ICE throw two words in their direction: aggravated felony. Looking well past the legal arguments, Tosh turns the aggravated felony from a technical legal concept to real-life anxiety. Through immigration court observations and interviews, Tosh shows the damning impact of adding immigration consequences to criminal legal processes, revealing the modern immigration law system’s reliance on criminal history to be rife with bias and short on justice. But through it all, Tosh also finds passionate advocates whose strategic thinking slows ICE’s efforts—and sometimes even carries the day for migrants. " * César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández, author of Migrating to Prison: America’s Obsession with Locking Up Immigrants *"Through extensive interviews and direct observations, Tosh exposes the injustices at the heart of the American deportation regime and the strategies of legal resistance mobilized to resist it. " * Alex S. Vitale, author of The End of Policing *"A powerful and illuminating in-depth examination of the history, politics, and social factors behind the ‘aggravated felony’ legal category. Tosh’s rich analysis deconstructs this invented category, laying bare how it operates as a mechanism to funnel racialized immigrants to deportation. Tosh’s original charting of lawyers’ and advocates’ creative strategies to get around the most detrimental effects of the aggravated felony also seeds hope for pushing back against inherently discriminatory and unjust criminal and immigration laws. Invaluable. " * Nancy Hiemstra, author of Detain and Deport: The Chaotic U.S. Immigration Enforcement Regime *

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Book SynopsisAs a nation ofimmigrants, the United States has long accepted that citizens who identify withan ancestral homeland may hold dual loyalties; yet Americans have at timesregarded the persistence of foreign ties with suspicion, seeing them as a sign ofpotential disloyalty and a threat to national security. Diaspora Lobbies and the US Government bringstogether a group of distinguished scholars of international politics andinternational migration to examine this contradiction in the realm of Americanpolicy making, ultimately concluding that the relationship between diasporagroups and the government can greatly affect foreign policy. This relationshipis not unidirectionalas much as immigrants make an effort to shape foreignpolicy, government legislators and administrators also seek to enlist them infurthering American interests.From Israel to Cuba and from Ireland to Iraq, the casestudies in this voluTrade ReviewThe array of case studies on Diaspora groups in the US in this edited volume provides not only critical insights into the evolution and status of those groups, but also offers astute analyses of their diverse and complex relationships with the US government as they seek to influence policy toward the homeland. Framed throughout by a well-articulated & divergence/convergence analytical approach, this volume facilitates comparative analysis and is a must-read for anyone engaged with issues related to Diaspora populations and transnational migration. -- Robert E. Maguire,author of Haiti Held HostageThese thoughtful essays carefully focus on the constraints diaspora groups face as they engage in foreign policy in their host and home countries.The book's emphasis on the how US state actors interact with diasporic groups underscores why such groups are less threatening to US interests than is often assumed. -- Rodolfo de la Garza,author of Latinos and U.S. Foreign Policy: Lobbying for the Homeland?Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgments ix introduc tion 1 Diaspora-Government Relations in Forging US Foreign Policies 3 Josh DeWind and Renata Segura dia spor a s 2 The Effects of Diasporas' Nature, Types, and Goals on Hostland Foreign Policies 31 Gabriel Sheffer compe ting convergent or divergent intere s t s? 3 Between JDate and J Street: US Foreign Policy and the Liberal Jewish Dilemma in America 61 Yossi Shain and Neil Rogachevsky 4 Palestinians, Diasporas, and US Foreign Policy 76 Mohammed A. Bamyeh when dia spor a intere s t s shape foreign pol ic y 5 America's Role in the Northern Ireland Peace Process 97 Joseph E. Thompson 6 Cuban Americans and US Cuba Policy 132 Lisandro Perez viii Contents when government interests shape foreign policy 7 Diaspora Lobbying and Ethiopian Politics 163 Terrence Lyons 8 The Haitian Diaspora: Building Bridges after Catastrophe 185 Daniel P. Erikson diaspora-government convergence in policy making 9 The Iraqi Diaspora and the US Invasion of Iraq 211 Walt Vanderbush historical perspective 10 Convergence and Divergence Yesterday and Today in Diaspora-National Government Relations 239 Tony Smith Contributors 269 Index 273

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewDeft storytelling, seasoned legal and anthropological understanding, and an unflinching moral compass—these are some of the attributes that make Susan Terrio’s probing study of Central American women’s forced migration to the United States such a valuable addition to the literature on this searing, contemporary issue. -- Jacqueline Bhabha, author of Can We Solve the Migration Crisis?Clear, vivid, and emotionally impactful. . . . The stories featured are diverse, usefully selected, and revealing. The quality of fieldwork is clear; this sort of intimacy represents a real accomplishment in ethnography. -- Josiah Heyman, The University of Texas at El PasoTerrio does a beautiful job of articulating the experiences of the undocumented Central American women whose stories are woven throughout the book. . . . Playing with the metaphor of the mouth of the shark, she leads us through their experiences as they run from the shark, are swallowed and spit out by the shark, and escape with devastating bruises. . . . Though they escape physically from the shark that is the violence in Central America, it follows them through their complicated, difficult transnational relationships with family members. Their stories, and Terrio’s narratives, depict intergenerational histories of abuse and agency, of harm and decision making within the limited bounds available to these women and their children. -- Marjorie Zatz, University of California, Merced

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Book SynopsisFeatures the stories of undocumented mothers who reunite with their children in the US years after fleeing violence at homeFacing escalating chaos and violence in their home countries, many Central American mothers have found that a desperate flight to the north was their only choice. Many left their children behind in order to spare them the hardships of the journey. If they made it across the border without getting locked up or deported, they entered a country increasingly unwilling to recognize claims of asylum. This book features the stories of women who crossed the border without encountering immigration authorities, in some cases several times, and settled in the greater Washington, DC, area, living in the shadows for years. By centering on the voices of the women themselves, it offers an intimate look at what drove them from home and the challenges they face in reuniting years later with their children. Forced Out traces the women's evolving attitudes toward the violence embTrade ReviewDeft storytelling, seasoned legal and anthropological understanding, and an unflinching moral compass—these are some of the attributes that make Susan Terrio’s probing study of Central American women’s forced migration to the United States such a valuable addition to the literature on this searing, contemporary issue. -- Jacqueline Bhabha, author of Can We Solve the Migration Crisis?Clear, vivid, and emotionally impactful. . . . The stories featured are diverse, usefully selected, and revealing. The quality of fieldwork is clear; this sort of intimacy represents a real accomplishment in ethnography. -- Josiah Heyman, The University of Texas at El PasoTerrio does a beautiful job of articulating the experiences of the undocumented Central American women whose stories are woven throughout the book. . . . Playing with the metaphor of the mouth of the shark, she leads us through their experiences as they run from the shark, are swallowed and spit out by the shark, and escape with devastating bruises. . . . Though they escape physically from the shark that is the violence in Central America, it follows them through their complicated, difficult transnational relationships with family members. Their stories, and Terrio’s narratives, depict intergenerational histories of abuse and agency, of harm and decision making within the limited bounds available to these women and their children. -- Marjorie Zatz, University of California, Merced

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Book SynopsisMarginal workers are frequently lacking in protection.Trade ReviewAt a moment of growing unrest around work relations, this book is a breath of fresh air. Garcia offers an analysis of the possibilities and challenges of work law reform that is rich and nuanced. The book succeeds in bringing together principles of workers rights with the realities of todays economy. Garcia masterfully weaves together vivid stories about workplace settings with thought-provoking ideas about legal boundaries, policy and law reform. Garcia is simultaneously practical and a visionary. Garcia is an experienced and engaged scholar and advocate and Marginal Workers holds the promise of revitalizing political and academic discussions across multiple disciplinary fields. Marginal Workers will be of immense value to anyone interested in the future of employment and labor law. The book will serve thinkers, activists and reformers for many years to come. -- Orly LobelRuben Garcias Marginal Workers moves the bar on workers rights advocacy. This important, synthesizing work should reach legal, policy, and activist communities throughout the United States. Garcia illuminates the interstices of a statutory and regulatory system meant to protect employees, but which leaves millions of low-wage workers exposed to workplace abuse. He does not rest with analyzing the problem; he offers ideas and proposals for relaunching workers rights from a platform of first principles, not transient policy preferences. -- Lance CompaAdvanced readers will appreciate the survey of alternative strategies....recommended. * CHOICE *Garcia shows convincingly how these apparently disparate groups of workers are all subjected to exclusionary and exploitative employment practices. Particularly valuable is his emphasis on labour rights that go beyond the & core International Labour Organization rights of Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining towards universal rights that include all workers, regardless of their union or citizenship status. * Work, Employment, and Society *Table of ContentsPreface: The Place of the Law in the Workplace Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: Who Are the Marginal Workers? 2. Framing Workers' Rights: The Legal and Theoretical Underpinnings for the Protection of Marginal Workers3. New Voices at Work: Unionized Workers at the Intersection of Race and Gender4. Across the Borders: How Antidiscrimination Law Fails Noncitizens and Other Marginal Workers5. Labor as Property: Guestworkers at the Margins of Domestic Legal Systems6. A Global Understanding of Worker Protection Notes Index About the Author

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Book SynopsisWinner, 2016 Distinguished Contribution to Research Book Award, given by the American Sociological Association Latino/a SectionThe intimate stories of 147 deportees that exposes the racialized and gendered dimensions of mass deportations in the U.S.The United States currently is deporting more people than ever before: 4 million people have been deported since 1997 twice as many as all people deported prior to 1996. There is a disturbing pattern in the population deported: 97% of deportees are sent to Latin America or the Caribbean, and 88% are men, many of whom were originally detained through the U.S. criminal justice system. Weaving together hard-hitting critique and moving first-person testimonials, Deported tells the intimate stories of people caught in an immigration law enforcement dragnet that serves the aims of global capitalism.Tanya Golash-Boza uses the stories of 147 of these deportees to explore the racialized and gendered dimensionTrade ReviewSociologist Golash-Boza offers a provocative assessment of mass migration into the US by putting it into a larger arena where laws that restrict free migration create a global apartheid that benefits Global North elites at the expense of the laboring masses in the Global South. * CHOICE *By drawing on the everyday experiences of deportees and connecting them to global capitalism, the neoliberal cycle, and racialized social control, Tanya Golash-Bozas work provides a much needed macro-level analysis of mass deportation. * American Journal of Sociology *Tanya Golash-Boza has written a brilliant book that demonstrates the social suffering and global apartheid produced by neoliberalism, global capitalism and transnational labor markets. This book gives a human face to the problem of mass deportation and reveals the tragic consequences of mass deportation for laborers in the Americas. This book is a major contribution to immigration, social justice and human rights literature. It should be required reading for anyone interested in global capitalism, political economy, human rights and immigration. -- France Winddance Twine,co-editor of Geographies of PrivilegeGolash-Boza has written a timely, provocative, insightful, and important work about mass deportation. It encompasses deeply personaloften quite movingnarratives from the darkest corners of the global deportation machinery, before, during, and after deportation.This book must be read by all who care about the often dreadful effects of deportation on individuals, families, and communitiesand especially by the policy-makers, legislators, and judges who, often uncritically, continue to craft and implement deportation from the United States and around the world. -- Daniel Kanstroom,author of Aftermath: Deportation Law and the New American DiasporaDeported is a novel contribution to sociology and a student-friendly text that effectively serves both scholars of the United States and scholars of global migration. * International Migration Review *This seminal book reveals the range of the deportee experience and should be used in the classroom and by researchers interested in why some move to her countries and what happens when they are forced to leave. * Latino Studies *

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Book SynopsisWinner, 2020 Best Book Award, Law Category, given by the American Book FestExamines immigration enforcement and discretion during the first eighteen months of the Trump administrationWithin days of taking office, President Donald J. Trump published or announced changes to immigration law and policy. These changes have profoundly shaken the lives and well-being of immigrants and their families, many of whom have been here for decades, and affected the work of the attorneys and advocates who represent or are themselves part of the immigrant community. Banned examines the tool of discretion, or the choice a government has to protect, detain, or deport immigrants, and describes how the Trump administration has wielded this tool in creating and executing its immigration policy. Banned combines personal interviews, immigration law, policy analysis, and case studies to answer the following questions: (1) what does immigration enforcement and discretion look like in the time of Trump? (2) whTrade ReviewThis meticulously argued work succeeds in illuminating with plain language what the immigration system obscures behind jargon and steel bars. * STARRED Library Journal *Now more than ever we need experts such as Professor Shoba Wadhia to make sense of the senseless immigration policies put forth by the Trump administration. Banned combines thoughtful analysis of immigration law and policy with insightful case studies and interviews, culminating in a powerful reminder of the human toll taken on individuals and families caught in the crossfire of prejudice and fear. Banned is a clarion call to reassert humane immigration policy as a core American value. -- Chris Coons, United States SenatorBanned is a significant witness to this unprecedented time in immigration policy. * William Stock, Founding Partner, Klasko Immigration Law Partners, and Past President, American Immigration Lawyers Association *Banned presents a fascinating discussion of the significant immigration policy changes undertaken by the Trump administration, from the Muslim travel ban to asylum and detention issues. Having represented individuals subject to the travel ban, I have personally seen the tragedies caused by an inhumane and discriminatory policy. Shoba Wadhia shines a bright light on the depth of the drastic changes being made to a country founded by and for immigrants. -- Mahsa Khanbabai, Khanbabai Immigration LawBanned is a thoughtful look at the immigration initiatives of the Trump administration. Shoba Wadhia critically examines immigration enforcement and the exercise of discretion in immigration matters by the new administration . . . Banned is a definite “must read” for anyone interested in what perhaps has been one of the most rapid periods of change in immigration enforcement ever. -- Kevin R. Johnson, Dean, School of Law, and Mabie-Apallas Professor of Public Interest Law and Chicanx Studies, University of California, DavisWhen he began separating immigrant children from their parents, what President Trump did not count on was that the resistance would include the sharp eye and careful pen wielded by the erstwhile Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia, in her splendid work, Banned: Immigration Enforcement in the Time of Trump. Professor Wadhia is the best counterpoint to the President, as she has gathered all the evidence of his political perfidy, and has shown clearly how his attempts to upend international norms have failed to gain traction. -- Michael A Olivas, author of No Undocumented Child Left Behind: Plyler v. Doe and the Education of Undocumented SchoolchildrenShoba Sivaprasad Wadhia is an ideal chronicler of how the architecture of immigration law has dramatically changed under the Trump Administration. After the Muslim ban was announced, Wadhia became an indispensable part of the network of lawyers and activists who mobilized in response. In Banned, Wadhia uses accessible language and a community-centered approach to explain the impact of the Muslim ban, family separation, temporary protected status, and other immigration policies on the daily lives of people. Banned is a vital resource for activists, organizers, lawyers, and practitioners seeking to better understand the current political moment. -- Deepa Iyer, Author of We Too Sing America; South Asian, Arab, Muslim and Sikh Immigrants Shape Our Multiracial FutureFrom separating families to banning Muslims to countless other cruelties, President Trump has claimed an almost limitless power to banish immigrants and refugees from our land. The nation’s leading expert on immigration enforcement eloquently exposes the illegality of these policies and their devastating impact on immigrant and refugee families. * Stephen H. Legomsky, John S. Lehmann University Professor Emeritus, Washington University in St Louis School of Law, and former Chief Counsel, US Citizenship & Immigration Services *Very accessibly written, the book will be a great resource for those with little concrete knowledge of immigration issues in the Trump era. Minimal use of jargon makes the book valuable to a very wide audience, including readers across the entire spectrum of higher education. * Choice *Shoba Wadhia provides a great deal of food for thought for readers. * Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Book Reviews *Banned ... [provides] valuable insight into the many layers of discretion that impact persons crossing borders, beginning with the first encounter that migrants have with border officials, and extending all the way to the highest levels of an administration that has sought to implement far-reaching changes in policy without regard for longstanding rules against arbitrary and capricious behavior. * International Journal of Refugee Law *Banned is an excellent book for a general audience reader hoping to gain a quick understanding of immigration changes under Trump, as well as for a reader more familiar with immigration law who will appreciate seeing the major currents organized and described so deftly in a short space. * International Migration Review *This book should not only resonate with migration scholars, lawyers, and policymakers, but also with a broader public audience who feel anxious and emboldened in these exponentially terrifying times. * Border Criminologies *

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Book SynopsisSince 1996, when the deportation laws were hardened, millions of migrants to the U.S., including many long-term legal permanent residents with green cards, have experienced summary arrest, incarceration without bail, transfer to remote detention facilities, and deportation without counsela life-time banishment from what is, in many cases, the only country they have ever known. U.S.-based families and communities face the loss of a worker, neighbor, spouse, parent, or child. Many of the deported are sentenced home to a country which they only knew as an infant, whose language they do not speak, or where a family lives in extreme poverty or indebtedness for not yet being able to pay the costs of their previous migration. But what does this actually look like and what are the systems and processes and who are the people who are enforcing deportation policies and practices? The New Deportations Delirium responds to these questions. Taken as a whole, the volume raises consciousness about Trade ReviewThe New Deportation Deliriumis a timely and informative book, and American citizens and policymakers would be well served to acquaint themselves with its message. * Anthropology Review Database *By analyzing the critical ambiguities in current deportation law, the plight of & mixed-status families, the pressures facing immigration judges, and many other problems, this book makes a substantial contribution. * Choice *Ideal for undergraduate and graduate students new to the study of migration and enforcement,The New Deportation Deliriumtraces the historical development of deportation since 1996 and details the intended and unintended consequences of these policies across time, space, and generations. It offers a rich and nuanced survey of some of the principle arguments across disciplines, while offering new ways to view and understand research and practice for those more seasoned in the debates on detention and deportation. * PsycCRITIQUES *A truly interdisciplinary work which provides the reader with a unique perspective on deportation and its impact on communities both in the United States and receiving countries. I would recommend this book to undergraduate, graduate students and policy makers with a serious interest in studying this subject. -- Richard A. Boswell,Professor of Law & Associate Dean for Global Programs, U.C. Hastings College of the LawIn The New Deportations Delirium, practitioners from an array of disciplines peel away at the varieties of invidious ways in which the policy is enacted and lived in real people's lives. Kanstroom and Lykes have assembled a tour-de-force cast of authors to provide unique and important insights into the U.S. 'deportation delirium.' -- Carola Suárez-Orozco,University of California, Los AngelesThis remarkable volume brings together an unprecedented set of scholars from many disciplines to provide voice to the many millions in the U.S. who face the threat of detention and deportation in their everyday routines. The mix of careful legal analysis, social science research, and examination of the profound effects on families, children and youth in this book provides extraordinarily important guidance for those working with, representing, or studying the unauthorized and their family members in the U.S. -- Hirokazu Yoshikawa,Courtney Sale Ross Professor of Globalization and Education and University Professor, NYUA critical and timely treatment of what has become, both intentionally and inadvertently, a central tenet of contemporary U.S. immigration policy: mass deportation. The co-editors provide effective rationale for the need to question the efficacy as well as ethics of deportation, an especially harsh approach that undermines health, education, and basic human rights for millions of people. -- James Loucky,Western Washington University

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Book SynopsisThe first book to comprehensivelydescribe the history, theory, and application of prosecutorial discretion inimmigration law When Beatles star John Lennon faced deportation from the U.S. in the 1970s, his lawyer Leon Wildes made a groundbreaking argument. He argued that Lennon should be granted nonpriority status pursuant to INS's (now DHS's) policy of prosecutorial discretion. In U.S. immigration law, the agency exercises prosecutorial discretion favorably when it refrains from enforcing the full scope of immigration law. A prosecutorial discretion grant is important to an agency seeking to focus its priorities on the truly dangerous in order to conserve resources and to bring compassion into immigration enforcement. The Lennon case marked the first moment that the immigration agency's prosecutorial discretion policy became public knowledge. Today, the concept of prosecutorial discretion is more widely known in light of the Obama Administration's Deferred Action for Childhood ArrivalsTrade ReviewThis timely review of immigration prosecutorial discretion will be very valuable to those interested in immigration law. Wadhia gives a detailed description of the different forms such discretion can take, with a particular emphasis on deferred action, including President Obamas Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA).The book is an essential resource for researchers wishing to study deferred action prior to and immediately after the introduction of DACA. Summing Up: Highly recommended. * Choice *The book examines how prosecutorial discretion interacts with the resource constraints of government agencies alongside immigrants humanitarian circumstances. It expands understandings of how 'deferred action,' a significant form of prosecutorial discretions, is employed by non-citizens as a protective tool from deportation. * International Migration Review *Beyond Deportation is a compelling and thoughtful account of the history of the use of prosecutorial discretion in US immigration law and policy, and how that history continues to shape todays immigration programs. -- Margaret D. Stock,author of Immigration Law and the MilitaryIn Beyond Deportation, Wadhia has managed to combine meticulous research, scholarly rigor, easy readability, and an intense human compassion in highlighting one of the most volatile issues of our time. With amazing ease, she takes on immigration, the rule of law, and the role of executive branch discretion in tempering our harsh deportation laws with humanitarian restraint and a common sense stewardship of our limited enforcement resources. For immigrants and their families, and for all who care about law and justice, this is a powerful and compelling story, eloquently told. -- Stephen Legomsky,John S. Lehmann University Professor, Washington University in St. LouisWhen there are more than 11 million people eligible for deportation, something is seriously wrong with our immigration system and our enforcement system, but Congress has so far refused to legislate and advance immigration reform. This inaction forces enforcement agencies to prioritize and make choices about who they will deport first and whose deportation they will defer so that we can focus on removing those who pose a risk to our public safety. This book makes an important contribution to our understanding of this basic truth in American law and immigration policy. The fact that this issue is at the center of the debate over immigration reform right now because the House of Representatives refuses to reform the current system, makes this work timely and incredibly helpful for scholars, students, policymakers, and leaders. -- Luis V. Gutiérrez,U.S. House of RepresentativesWithBeyond Deportation, Wadhia has simultaneously created a short, accessible, and comprehensive primer on prosecutorial discretion in immigration while raising profound questions on the usage and evolution of this tool into one that is more transparent, humanitarian, and just. * Border Criminologies *"The definitive word on the all-important tool of prosecutorial discretion in immigration enforcement. Wadhia traces the fascinating history of the exercise of such discretion under U.S. immigration law, which includes careful study of the famous case of John Lennon and Yoko Ono through to the use of such discretion in President Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. Rather than simply describing the history, Beyond Deportationoffers concrete recommendations about prosecutorial discretion in immigration enforcement, including greater transparency in decisionmaking and rules that limit government attorneys in the exercise of discretion. Wadhia has written an important analysis of the most significant positive immigration development of the Obama administration. -- Kevin R. Johnson,University of California, DavisTable of ContentsContents Foreword ix Leon Wildes Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1. Primer: Understanding How Prosecutorial Discretion Functions in the Immigration System 7 2. The Early Years: The Deportation Case of John Lennon and Evolution of Immigration Prosecutorial Discretion 14 3. Lessons from Criminal Law: How Immigration Prosecutorial Discretion Compares to the Criminal System 33 4. Deferred Action: Examining the Jewel (or a Precious Form) of Prosecutorial Discretion 54 5. Presidential Portrait: Prosecutorial Discretion during the Obama Administration 88 6. Going to Court: The Role of the Judiciary in Prosecutorial Discretion Decisions 109 7. Open Government: Transparency in Prosecutorial Discretion and Why It Matters 134 8. Reform: Improving Prosecutorial Discretion in the Immigration System 146 Abbreviations 157 Authorities 161 Notes 169 Index 223 About the Author 233

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Book SynopsisReveals America's long history of making both naturalized immigrants and native-born citizens un-American after stripping away their citizenship Expatriation, or the stripping away citizenship and all the rights that come with it, is usually associated with despotic and totalitarian regimes. The imagery of mass expulsion of once integral members of the community is associated with civil wars, ethnic cleansing, the Holocaust, or other oppressive historical events. Yet these practices are not just a product of undemocratic events or extreme situations, but are standard clauses within the legal systems of most democratic states, including the United States. Witness, for example, Yaser Esam Hamdi, captured in Afghanistan in November 2001, sent to Guantánamo, transferred to a naval brig in South Carolina when it was revealed that he was a U.S. citizen, and held there without trial until 2004, when the Justice Department released Hamdi to Saudi Arabia without charge on the condition that he Trade ReviewAn original fascinating and insightful interpretation of a neglected dimension of American political culture: the power to revoke citizenship. Herzogs book is an important exploration of the deeper meaning of political and national culture as it affects and is affected by legal arrangements. -- Pnina Lahav,Boston UniversityIn this pioneering study, Ben Herzog shows that in order to understand the continually-contested status of citizenship, we must understand how citizenship is lost. Challenging the popular notion that only totalitarian regimes take away citizenship, his book throws much needed light on the long history of revocation in the United States, the postwar judicial revolution that minimized the practice, and new challenges in the twenty-first century to that revolutions achievements. By deftly placing contemporary controversies about terrorism and the right to have rights into this broader historical and social context, Revoking Citizenship provides a timely yet sure to be lasting contribution to scholarship. For anyone concerned with the problems of citizenship, it is essential reading. -- Chad Alan Goldberg,University of Wisconsin-MadisonScholarship on citizenship has awakened to the potential power that lies in laws of expatriation. Ben Herzogs political, philosophical, and jurisprudential history of expatriation practices reaches back further in U.S. history than other such studies and sheds much needed light on the contemporary relevance of this important facet of U.S. citizenship. -- Elizabeth F. Cohen,Syracuse UniversityThatRevoking Citizenshipnot only provokesquestions but also simultaneously provides the groundwork necessary for further inquiry into these issues illustrates why the book is likely to become a staple in the canon of historical and legal scholarship on citizenship. * The Journal of American History *For Herzog, expatriation policy and practices are windows to American understanding of citizenship. * Choice *Table of ContentsContents List of Tables and Figures ix Foreword xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 1 Revoking Citizenship 9 2 National Beginnings-American versus British Citizenship 27 3 Legislative Initiatives 37 4 International Relations 56 5 Consular Dilemmas 70 6 Supreme Court Rulings 78 7 The Board of Appellate Review 90 8 The War on Terror 110 9 Dual Citizenship and the Revocation of Citizenship 122 Conclusion 137 Notes 141 Bibliography 161 Index 177 About the Author 187

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Book SynopsisWhether motivated by humanitarianism or concern over "porous" borders, dominant commentary on migration in Europe has consistently focused on clandestine border crossings. Much less, however, is known about the everyday workings of immigration law inside borders. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in Italy, one of Europe's biggest receiving countries, Rules, Paper, Status moves away from polarized depictions to reveal how migration processes actually play out on the ground. Anna Tuckett highlights the complex processes of inclusion and exclusion produced through encounters with immigration law. The statuses of "legal" or "illegal," which media and political accounts use as synonyms for "good" and "bad," "worthy" and "unworthy," are not created by practices of border-crossing, but rather through legal and bureaucratic processes within borders devised by governing states. Taking migrants' interactions with immigration regimes as its starting point, this book sheds light on the productive nature of legal and bureaucratic encounters and the unintended consequences they produce. Rules, Paper, Status argues that successfully navigating Italian immigration bureaucracy, which is situated in an immigration regime that is both exclusionary and flexible, requires and induces culturally specific modes of behavior. Exclusionary laws, however, can transform this social and cultural learning into the very thing that endangers migrants' right to live in the country. Trade Review"This compelling book transports the reader into the maze of immigration law enforcement in Italy. A must-read for immigration scholars and anyone interested in the day-to-day workings of street-level bureaucrats and the myriad ways they make law and in the process, transform immigrants into 'cultural citizens.'" -- Kitty Calavita * University of California, Irvine *"Anna Tuckett's lively and engaging book sheds new light on the confused relationship between migrants and Italian state bureaucracy, and the gaps between formal law and 'practical stuff.' Rules, Paper, Status makes a vital contribution to our understanding of the bureaucratic and legal anomalies produced by the current 'moral panic' in Europe concerning immigration." -- Anthony Good * University of Edinburgh *"[Tuckett's] findings show that, paradoxically, even while migrants develop cultural skills in navigating bureaucratic norms, these abilities do not challenge the larger exclusionary views and practices of the Italian state and society....Tuckett's clear, concise writing makes this book an excellent gateway to a critical topic treated with analytical rigor....Highly recommended." -- A.H. Fabos * CHOICE *"By focusing on the sinewy and unstable ties between migrants and their legal status, [Tuckett] offers a rich analysis of legal and bureaucratic practices that shape migrants' economic and political opportunities as well as their social and cultural life in Italy.[Rules, Paper Status] provides a crucial contribution to theorizing about citizenship in European countries and the hegemonic discourse of integration."––Veronica Ferrari, Allegra"Rules, Paper, Status is a timely and relevant contribution to understanding the workings of the state beyond discourses of border enforcement....[it] speaks to a broader readership, including academics and state officials, and contributes to contemporary discussions on studying the 'state' at street level." -- Lisa Marie Borelli * Anthropology in Action *"Rules, Papers, Status is a vivid journey into the workaday functioning of the Italian 'documentation regime'[It] poignantly depicts a country that seems unable to come to terms with its migrants." -- Tiziana Caponio * International Migration Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThis chapter examines the historical trajectory of Italian immigration law and the political and economic context from which it emerges. In general migrants have not been welcomed into Italian society, but low birth rates and a high aging population make their presence crucial. Italian immigration law, which is a curious mixture between harsh and exclusionary policies and frequent large-scale legalizations, embodies this ambiguous attitude towards migrants. This chapter argues that equal attention must be given to processes relating to "legalization" as to those relating to "illegalization" when considering migrants' experiences of "legal" and "illegal" statuses. While other studies on experiences of immigration law tend to focus on migrants' experiences of uncertainty, this focus on the bureaucratic and documentary practices of immigration provides insights on alternative affective dimensions of immigration law and its material artefacts. 1The Center chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the book's central fieldsite: a trade union affiliated migrant advice center which provides support and assistance to migrants in their completion of application forms, as well as navigation of the immigration bureaucracy more generally. Trade unions have a central function in the Italian welfare state, and the center's role in completing migrants' application forms is closely connected to this. Although affiliated to the trade union, in the eyes of its visitors, and in practice, the center's role is often blurred with that of the Questura (Immigration Office) and the state in general. Because the center acts as a mediator between migrants and the Questura, the assistance which clients received could determine application outcomes. Not all staff members were equally able or interested in migration matters, however, and the quality of assistance they provided was highly variable. 2Working the Gap: Migrants' Navigation of Immigration Bureaucracy chapter abstractThrough gripping case studies, this chapter illustrates how everyday experiences with Italian immigration bureaucracy are characterized by uncertainty, arbitrariness, and frustration. By closely examining migrants' bureaucratic encounters, however, the chapter reveals that the bureaucracy's arbitrary and uncertain nature also makes it flexible and relatively easy to manipulate. By engaging in effective strategies of navigation, migrants are able to manipulate the law's loopholes and aid the acceptance of applications. Tracing migrants' strategies, this chapter argues that "formal" and "informal" spheres are interdependent and symbiotic: migrants, brokers, advisers, and officials all must engage in "informal" and extra-legal practices in order to successfully navigate the immigration bureaucracy. 3The Rules of Rule-Bending chapter abstractThis chapter argues that rule bending is revealing of broader attitudes to the state and bureaucracy in Italy which, through their bureaucratic encounters, migrants also come to hold. Bureaucratic engagements are thus forms of citizen-making. Socially acceptable rule-breaking, however, is accompanied by strict compliance with proceduralism in relation to paperwork. Successfully navigating the immigration bureaucracy requires expertise in the management of documents: paper trails must seem authentic even if false. Yet, given the documented nature of migrants' lives, rule-bending in one application can potentially create problems in others, meaning that even skillful rule-bending can result in high risks for migrants, such as the loss of legal status or foreclosing the attainment of citizenship. There thus exists a mismatch between a migrant's social knowledge – which is required to navigate the bureaucracy – and exclusionary citizenship laws that make this embeddedness precarious. 4Becoming an Immigration Adviser: Self-Fashioning through Bureaucratic Practice chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on the role of community brokers – informal immigration advisers with migrant backgrounds – and shows how they style themselves as bureaucratic experts. Doing so enables these brokers to develop new subjectivities and fashion themselves in affective terms. Becoming advisers enables them a degree of professionalism, helps them gain standing in their community, satisfies charitable impulses, and places them center stage in the fight for social justice. Crucially, the role of a community broker offers possibilities for gaining social status that are generally not otherwise available to migrants in Italy. 5Disjuncture in the Documentation Regime: The Second Generation's Challenge to Citizenship Law chapter abstractReflecting on the second generation's experiences of immigration bureaucracy, this chapter considers the contradictory and divergent affects of immigration law encounters. If dealings with the immigration bureaucracy produce opportunities for first-generation migrants and their advisers, for the second-generation they create upset and disjuncture. This generation is the most vulnerable group in terms of immigration policies as its members may suddenly find themselves as "undocumented immigrants" after turning 18, due to Italy's jus sanguinis nationality policy. Their sense of ease and integration in Italian society make them strangers to the immigration bureaucracy which – due to restrictive immigration and citizenship laws – they are nonetheless subject. The disjuncture made apparent through the second generation's subjection to immigration law highlights the profound injustices and inequalities that such laws create for all migrants. 6Stepping-Stone Destinations: Migration and Disappointment chapter abstractThis chapter explores migrants' feelings of disappointment about their migration trajectory in Italy and their desire to leave the country. The disappointment of those who aspire to migrate but ultimately never leave their homelands has been extensively discussed in migration studies literature. The chapter places the focus on those who have migrated but who still feel as though they have failed due to their lack of onward mobility from Italy. Focusing on the feelings of disappointment and personal failure experienced by those who have already migrated, it highlights the differentiated inclusion of migrants into the global marketplace. The desire to leave Italy, whether imagined or acted upon, shows how the mobility enabled by neoliberal globalization reproduces hierarchies within the EU. By viewing Italy as a mere stepping stone in a longer trajectory, migrants – both those who leave and those who remain – conceptualize the country as an inferior destination. Conclusion: chapter abstractDrawing the preceding chapters together, this conclusion argues that the "border spectacle" (De Genova 2002) produces a lopsided view of migration by obscuring how immigration policies relate to broader political and economic processes of contemporary migration and globalization. Situating migrants' navigation of the documentation regime in relation to these process, the chapter argues that migrants' maneuvering provides them with only meagre benefits, while employers, lawyers, policy makers, and other stakeholders within the immigration nexus reap the rewards. The final section of the conclusion reflects on what policies could improve the current situation in light of the problems identified.

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Book SynopsisWhether motivated by humanitarianism or concern over "porous" borders, dominant commentary on migration in Europe has consistently focused on clandestine border crossings. Much less, however, is known about the everyday workings of immigration law inside borders. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in Italy, one of Europe's biggest receiving countries, Rules, Paper, Status moves away from polarized depictions to reveal how migration processes actually play out on the ground. Anna Tuckett highlights the complex processes of inclusion and exclusion produced through encounters with immigration law. The statuses of "legal" or "illegal," which media and political accounts use as synonyms for "good" and "bad," "worthy" and "unworthy," are not created by practices of border-crossing, but rather through legal and bureaucratic processes within borders devised by governing states. Taking migrants' interactions with immigration regimes as its starting point, this book sheds light on the productive nature of legal and bureaucratic encounters and the unintended consequences they produce. Rules, Paper, Status argues that successfully navigating Italian immigration bureaucracy, which is situated in an immigration regime that is both exclusionary and flexible, requires and induces culturally specific modes of behavior. Exclusionary laws, however, can transform this social and cultural learning into the very thing that endangers migrants' right to live in the country. Trade Review"This compelling book transports the reader into the maze of immigration law enforcement in Italy. A must-read for immigration scholars and anyone interested in the day-to-day workings of street-level bureaucrats and the myriad ways they make law and in the process, transform immigrants into 'cultural citizens.'" -- Kitty Calavita * University of California, Irvine *"Anna Tuckett's lively and engaging book sheds new light on the confused relationship between migrants and Italian state bureaucracy, and the gaps between formal law and 'practical stuff.' Rules, Paper, Status makes a vital contribution to our understanding of the bureaucratic and legal anomalies produced by the current 'moral panic' in Europe concerning immigration." -- Anthony Good * University of Edinburgh *"[Tuckett's] findings show that, paradoxically, even while migrants develop cultural skills in navigating bureaucratic norms, these abilities do not challenge the larger exclusionary views and practices of the Italian state and society....Tuckett's clear, concise writing makes this book an excellent gateway to a critical topic treated with analytical rigor....Highly recommended." -- A.H. Fabos * CHOICE *"By focusing on the sinewy and unstable ties between migrants and their legal status, [Tuckett] offers a rich analysis of legal and bureaucratic practices that shape migrants' economic and political opportunities as well as their social and cultural life in Italy.[Rules, Paper Status] provides a crucial contribution to theorizing about citizenship in European countries and the hegemonic discourse of integration."––Veronica Ferrari, Allegra"Rules, Paper, Status is a timely and relevant contribution to understanding the workings of the state beyond discourses of border enforcement....[it] speaks to a broader readership, including academics and state officials, and contributes to contemporary discussions on studying the 'state' at street level." -- Lisa Marie Borelli * Anthropology in Action *"Rules, Papers, Status is a vivid journey into the workaday functioning of the Italian 'documentation regime'[It] poignantly depicts a country that seems unable to come to terms with its migrants." -- Tiziana Caponio * International Migration Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThis chapter examines the historical trajectory of Italian immigration law and the political and economic context from which it emerges. In general migrants have not been welcomed into Italian society, but low birth rates and a high aging population make their presence crucial. Italian immigration law, which is a curious mixture between harsh and exclusionary policies and frequent large-scale legalizations, embodies this ambiguous attitude towards migrants. This chapter argues that equal attention must be given to processes relating to "legalization" as to those relating to "illegalization" when considering migrants' experiences of "legal" and "illegal" statuses. While other studies on experiences of immigration law tend to focus on migrants' experiences of uncertainty, this focus on the bureaucratic and documentary practices of immigration provides insights on alternative affective dimensions of immigration law and its material artefacts. 1The Center chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the book's central fieldsite: a trade union affiliated migrant advice center which provides support and assistance to migrants in their completion of application forms, as well as navigation of the immigration bureaucracy more generally. Trade unions have a central function in the Italian welfare state, and the center's role in completing migrants' application forms is closely connected to this. Although affiliated to the trade union, in the eyes of its visitors, and in practice, the center's role is often blurred with that of the Questura (Immigration Office) and the state in general. Because the center acts as a mediator between migrants and the Questura, the assistance which clients received could determine application outcomes. Not all staff members were equally able or interested in migration matters, however, and the quality of assistance they provided was highly variable. 2Working the Gap: Migrants' Navigation of Immigration Bureaucracy chapter abstractThrough gripping case studies, this chapter illustrates how everyday experiences with Italian immigration bureaucracy are characterized by uncertainty, arbitrariness, and frustration. By closely examining migrants' bureaucratic encounters, however, the chapter reveals that the bureaucracy's arbitrary and uncertain nature also makes it flexible and relatively easy to manipulate. By engaging in effective strategies of navigation, migrants are able to manipulate the law's loopholes and aid the acceptance of applications. Tracing migrants' strategies, this chapter argues that "formal" and "informal" spheres are interdependent and symbiotic: migrants, brokers, advisers, and officials all must engage in "informal" and extra-legal practices in order to successfully navigate the immigration bureaucracy. 3The Rules of Rule-Bending chapter abstractThis chapter argues that rule bending is revealing of broader attitudes to the state and bureaucracy in Italy which, through their bureaucratic encounters, migrants also come to hold. Bureaucratic engagements are thus forms of citizen-making. Socially acceptable rule-breaking, however, is accompanied by strict compliance with proceduralism in relation to paperwork. Successfully navigating the immigration bureaucracy requires expertise in the management of documents: paper trails must seem authentic even if false. Yet, given the documented nature of migrants' lives, rule-bending in one application can potentially create problems in others, meaning that even skillful rule-bending can result in high risks for migrants, such as the loss of legal status or foreclosing the attainment of citizenship. There thus exists a mismatch between a migrant's social knowledge – which is required to navigate the bureaucracy – and exclusionary citizenship laws that make this embeddedness precarious. 4Becoming an Immigration Adviser: Self-Fashioning through Bureaucratic Practice chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on the role of community brokers – informal immigration advisers with migrant backgrounds – and shows how they style themselves as bureaucratic experts. Doing so enables these brokers to develop new subjectivities and fashion themselves in affective terms. Becoming advisers enables them a degree of professionalism, helps them gain standing in their community, satisfies charitable impulses, and places them center stage in the fight for social justice. Crucially, the role of a community broker offers possibilities for gaining social status that are generally not otherwise available to migrants in Italy. 5Disjuncture in the Documentation Regime: The Second Generation's Challenge to Citizenship Law chapter abstractReflecting on the second generation's experiences of immigration bureaucracy, this chapter considers the contradictory and divergent affects of immigration law encounters. If dealings with the immigration bureaucracy produce opportunities for first-generation migrants and their advisers, for the second-generation they create upset and disjuncture. This generation is the most vulnerable group in terms of immigration policies as its members may suddenly find themselves as "undocumented immigrants" after turning 18, due to Italy's jus sanguinis nationality policy. Their sense of ease and integration in Italian society make them strangers to the immigration bureaucracy which – due to restrictive immigration and citizenship laws – they are nonetheless subject. The disjuncture made apparent through the second generation's subjection to immigration law highlights the profound injustices and inequalities that such laws create for all migrants. 6Stepping-Stone Destinations: Migration and Disappointment chapter abstractThis chapter explores migrants' feelings of disappointment about their migration trajectory in Italy and their desire to leave the country. The disappointment of those who aspire to migrate but ultimately never leave their homelands has been extensively discussed in migration studies literature. The chapter places the focus on those who have migrated but who still feel as though they have failed due to their lack of onward mobility from Italy. Focusing on the feelings of disappointment and personal failure experienced by those who have already migrated, it highlights the differentiated inclusion of migrants into the global marketplace. The desire to leave Italy, whether imagined or acted upon, shows how the mobility enabled by neoliberal globalization reproduces hierarchies within the EU. By viewing Italy as a mere stepping stone in a longer trajectory, migrants – both those who leave and those who remain – conceptualize the country as an inferior destination. Conclusion: chapter abstractDrawing the preceding chapters together, this conclusion argues that the "border spectacle" (De Genova 2002) produces a lopsided view of migration by obscuring how immigration policies relate to broader political and economic processes of contemporary migration and globalization. Situating migrants' navigation of the documentation regime in relation to these process, the chapter argues that migrants' maneuvering provides them with only meagre benefits, while employers, lawyers, policy makers, and other stakeholders within the immigration nexus reap the rewards. The final section of the conclusion reflects on what policies could improve the current situation in light of the problems identified.

Read more less