Chemistry of minerals, crystals and gems Books

Book SynopsisThe evolution of geological cartography in Cuba in its more than 135 years of history has been possible through the consultation of numerous archival reports, publications, maps and personal interviews with different authors and geologists of vast experience. A brief critical analysis is made of the increase in the degree of geological knowledge of the country since the elaboration of the Geological Sketch of the Cuban Island at a scale of 1: 2 000 000 (Fernández de Castro, 1883), first of Cuba and of Ibero-America, until the most recent Digital Geological Map of Cuba at scale 1: 100 000 (Pérez Aragón, 2016). Cuba and its surroundings are a geological mosaic in the southeast corner of the North American plate with rocks from many different origins, from Proterozoic to Quaternary, extended along the southern border of the plate. From the Eocene, this belt has been dissected by several great faults, related to the development of some great oceanic depressions (Cayman trough and Yucatan basin). The fossil record of Cuba, which covers approximately the last 200 million years of life on Earth, is rich in very varied fossils, witnessing a wide diversity of organisms, both animals and plants, that inhabited the Antillean and Caribbean region; and that constitute the inheritance of the biological diversity that the current Cuban archipelago exhibits. As a result of the preparation of the Cuban Metallogenic Map at scale 1: 250 000, forty-one models and eight sub-models of metallic mineral deposits were identified. These models, of descriptive–genetic type, together with the analysis of their spatial distribution and their relationship with geology, allowed the identification and mapping of ten mineral systems, linked to the geodynamic environments present in the Cuban territory. Cuba has large deposits of limestone, loam, dolomite, kaolin, gypsum and anhydrite, rock salt, marbles, sands and clays of different types, zeolites, peat, therapeutic peloids and many more. There are manifestations of decorative and precious rocks such as jasper, jadeite, different varieties of quartz and even xylopals. A compilation of geochemical data of oceanic basalt samples from previous works, together with data of analyzed samples during this study in order to discuss geochemical criteria based on immobile element (proxies for fractionation indices, alkalinity, mantle flow and subduction addition), provide a comprehensive ophiolite classification according to their tectonic setting. This book addresses different facets of the geological knowledge of Cuba: history of its cartography, marine geology, fossil record, stratigraphy, tectonics, classification of its ophiolites, quaternary deposits, metallogeny and minerageny. Table of Contents1. Geological Cartography of Cuba.- 2. Geology of the Marine Territory of Cuba.- 3. Synthesis of Fossil Record of Cuba.- 4. Stratigraphy of Cuba.- 5. An Overview to the Tectonics of Cuba.- 6. Geochemical Fingerprinting of Ancient Oceanic Basalts: Classification of the Cuban Ophiolites.- 7. Stratigraphy of the Quaternary Deposits in Cuba.- 8. Mineral Systems of Cuba: a Panoramic Vision of Cuban Metallogeny.- 9. The Minerageny of Cuba.

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Book SynopsisDas Standardwerk für die Geowissenschaften sowie für alle Liebhaber von Gesteinen und an Geologie Interessierte.In diesem Buch vermittelt Roland Vinx die Grundlagen der Gesteinskunde praxisorientiert und leicht verständlich. Dabei kommt es ihm besonders auf die Bestimmung mit makroskopischen Methoden an, d. h. unter Geländebedingungen, ohne Mikroskop und ohne chemische Analysen. Gesteinsbestimmung erfordert eine sichere Diagnose der enthaltenen Minerale. Deswegen werden zunächst die wichtigsten gesteinsbildenden Minerale vorgestellt, danach folgen Beschreibungen der verschiedenen Gesteinsarten in einheitlich strukturierter Form und auf aktuellem Stand der Klassifikationen. Manchmal ist eine sichere Bestimmung im Gelände prinzipiell nicht möglich. Für solche Fälle wird erläutert, wie man eine Probe für die Analyse im Labor nehmen kann, ohne dabei das möglicherweise sensible Vorkommen zu beeinträchtigen.Mit diesem Buch werden die Merkmale der Gesteine ohne petrographische Vorkenntnisse verständlich. Sorgfältig ausgewählte, farbige Fotos der beschriebenen Minerale und Gesteine sowie von vielen gesteinstypischen Geländeformen erleichtern das Bestimmen.Das nach nunmehr neun Jahren bereits in der 4. Auflage vorliegende Werk nimmt eine eigene Stellung neben theoretischen Lehrbüchern einerseits und Gesteins- und Mineralienführern andererseits ein.Trade Review“... für Nichtwissenschaftler verständlich formuliert ... Das Buch eignet sich hervorragend für alle Studenten der Geologie, Mineralogie, Paläontologie, Geophysik, Landschaftsökologie und Geographie als Studienbegleitlektüre und Nachschlagewerk sowie als wichtiges Handbuch für Steinmetze, Denkmalpfleger, Geschiebesammler und an Gesteinen interessierte Laien zum Selbststudium. ... Selbst Fachleute dürften von diesem Buch begeistert sein.” (Cornelia Schmitt-Riegraf, in: Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Heft 3-4, 2016)Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Wissenschaftliche und praktische Bedeutung der Gesteinsbestimmung im Gelände: Methoden und Hilfsmittel.- Gesteine: Grundlagen.- Gesteinsbildende Minerale.- Gesteine: Allgemeine Einführung.- Magmatische Gesteine.- Sedimentgesteine.- Metamorphe Gesteine der kontinentalen und ozeanischen Erdkruste.- Gesteine des Oberen Erdmantels.- Gesteinsartige Boden-, Verwitterungs- und Residualbildungen.- Glazialgeschiebe des Norddeutschen Tieflands: Gesteinsbestimmung an sekundärem Vorkommen.- Literaturverzeichnis.- Sachwortverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisModern mineral exploration is the Modern Hunting of the Solid Earth". It provides a vital bridging between mineral explorations coupled with committed intellectual investment. Mineral explorers like: geochemists, geophysists, geomatists, geo-technical engineers, mineral chemists, environmental scientists, ceramic engineers, metallurgists and business communities with diverse range of interests and in training the experts of specific research needs. This volume covers major areas like: Mineral resources. Modern techniques for exploration of resources. Exploration and exploitation of water resources. Environmental studies. Economic development. This collection of illustrations with maps, photographs, figures, satellite images, colour photographs and tables will be found beneficial to students, researchers, field professionals and to decision makers." jacketTable of ContentsMineral Resources: 1. Uranium Mineralisation in Leucogranites Around Suryapet, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh by S.K. De, A.S.Khotpal, M.Rajani Kumar, B.Harirao, Mridula Chauhan, K. Raghuramaiah and A.Sivasamy 2. Rare Earth Minerals in Carbonatites and their Significance in Earth Science by G.B.Sukumaran and M.Kumar 3. Integrated Sequence and Chemostratigraphic Modeling A Sure-fire Technique for Stratigraphic Correlation Petroleum Exploration and Reservoir Characterization by Mu.Ramkumar and G.Sathish 4. India - A Potential Global Contestant in Ilmenite Placer Mineral Production by S. Vasudevan, M. Arumugam, R. Sakthivel and K.Vadivelan 5. Mineral Exploration - A Geomatics Perspective by R. Neelakantan, D. Ramesh and M.Karthikeyan 6. Chrysoberyl from Southern Tamil Nadu of South India, with Implications for Gondwana Studies by G. Manimaran, Deepak Bagai and P.T.Roy Chacko 7. Clay Mineralogical and Textural Studies of Warkalli Formation Varkala, Kerala by D. Senthil Nathan, Arun K. Sreedhar and R.Resmi 8. Geological Setting and Physico - Chemical Properties of Uttatur Clays, Ariyalur Area, Tamil Nadu by R. Prabhakaran, M. Arumugam, R.S.Kumar, T.Jeyavel Rajakumar and B.Selvaraj 9. Role of Microfossils in Identifying the Source Rocks for Oil in Nagaland, India by R.Venkatachalapathy, Kapesa Lokho and D.S.N..Raju 10. Heavy Mineral Enrichment Pattern in the Vaippar River and its Significance to the Vaippar Beach Placer Deposits Southern Tamil Nadu, India by P.Udayaganesan, N.Angusamy , J.Sahayam and G.Victor Rajamanickam Modern Techniques For Exploration of Resources: 11. Lineament Detection to Identify Probable Location of Mineralized Zone - A Case Study in Panchmahal District Gujarat Western India - Using Remote Sensing Techniques by G.Bhaskaran, S.Rajendran and N.Radhakrishnan 12. Remote Sensing Applications for Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Pericratonic Basins of the Tamil Nadu Coast by D.Ramesh, S.Palanivel, R.Neelakantan and S.Mahendran 13. Mapping of Geology and Structure of Iron Ore Deposits in Parts of Salem District Using Remote Sensing Technique by A.Thirunavukkarasu, S.Rajendran and B.Poovalingaganesh 14. Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Gadilam Lower Sub Basin of Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu -A Case Study by D.Radhakrishnan, M.Ramalingam 15. Geological and Geomorphological Features in and Around Salem, Tamil Nadu by K.Sankar 16. Geoelectrical Response Over Archaean Hard Rocks of Sankaran Kovil and Tenkasi Taluks of Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu by T.Jeyavel Rajakumar, R.S.Kumar and S.Rajendran 17. Targeting Potential Groundwater Zones in Hard Rock Environment Using GIS for Rural Development- An Integrated Approach by C.Lakshumanan and M.Govindaraju 18. A Remote Sensing and Gis Approach to Groundwater Prospecting in Gayatri River Basin, Kerala, India by A.P.Sreejith and Amit K.Bhattacharya 19. Regional Geological Setting and Major Geochemical Pattern of Upper Agniar and Vellar Basins, Tamil Nadu by S.Palanivel 20. Inverse Slope Method of Interpretation of Geoelectrical Sounding Curves and Its Application for Groundwater Exploration in Crystalline Rock Terrains by T.S.Badrinarayanan and R.Venkatesan 21. Groundwater Prospective Zones in Western Doon Valley Using Remote Sensing and GIS by R.S.Kumar and S.Aravindan 22. Aerogeophysical Data as Tool in Mapping and Mineral Exploration - Case Studies by T.V.Ramachandran 23. Mapping of Groundwater Recharge Zones of A Watershed Using Remote Sensing and GIS by G.Kannan and S.Poongothai 24. Simulation of Groundwater Contamination in Upper Palar River Basin, Tamil Nadu by C.Sivakumar and L.Elango 25. Demarcating Groundwater Potential Zone by Using Ves Method in Kadayampatty Panchayat Union Salem District, Tamil Nadu by K.R.Ravindran, S.Venketeswaran, G.Vanaraju, S.Karthikeyan, C.Praba 26. Groundwater Prospects Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Gis Techniques - A Case Study in Theni District, Tamil Nadu by K. Vaithiyanathan, M.Kamaraj, M.Ramalinagam and N.Raja Exploration and Exploitation of Water Resources: 27. Study of Trace Element Concentration in Part of Neveli Aquifer, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu by S.Aravindan and I.Jainamb 28. Hydrogeochemical Study of Mecheri Panchayat Union Salem District Tamil Nadu by S.Venkateswaran, S.Karuppannan, K.R.Ravindran, R.Saravanan 29. Exploration and Development of Groundwater in the Crystalline Rocks of Composit Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu by G.Bhaskaran, S.Rajendran and R.Jaganathan 30. Spatial Analyses of Crop Water Requirement in Buthangudy Canal Command Area Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu India Using Gis Techniques by B.S.Nagashree, N.Manikumari and S.Rajendra 31. An Integrated Geophysical Approach for Groundwater Prospecting in the Omalur Panchayat Union Salem District, Tamil Nadu by S.Venkateswaran and A.Karthikeyan 32. Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Cuddalore District Using Geographic Information System by S.Jothi Ganesh and S.Rajendran 33. Priliminary Studies of Hydrogeochemical Behaviour in Valapadi Taluk Salem District, Tamil Nadu by B.Gurugnanam, N.Prabhakaran, S.Radha and S.Murugan 34. A Study on Thermodynamic Stability of Groundwater in Different Lithounits From Gadilam River Basin Tamil Nadu, India by S.Chidambaram, M.V.Prasanna, K. Srinivasamoorthy and P.Anandhan 35. Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Veeranam Lake with Special Reference to Soil Microflora - Using Sem-insa-eds by K. Sivakumar and R.Senthilkumar 36. Hydrogeochemistry of Fluoride in Groundwater from Northwestern Part of Salem District, Tamil Nadu by K.Srinivasamoorthy, S.Chidambaram, P.Anandhan ,S.Vasudevan and M.V.Prasanna 37. Occurrence of High Fluoride in Parts of Kadyampatty Area of Omalur Taluk in Salem District by M.Arumugam, K.Manokaran and R.Venkatesan 38. Assessment of Surface Water Resources of A Watershed Using GIS by N. Nagarajan and S.Poongothai 39. Addressing the Extent of Aquifer for Groundwater Favorability through GIS in Valapadi Taluk, Salem District, Tamil Nadu by B.Gurugnanam, S.Vasudevan, N.Prabaharan, N.Vijayakumar and S.Murugan Environmental Studies: 40. Applications of Geochemical Strategy for Suitable Site Selection in Coastal Region by R.Arthur James and A.Rajendran 41. Airborne Altimetric Lidar in Coastal Management by V.Emayavaramban and A.Ganesh 42. Environment Baseline and Impact Assessment of Ptk Mines by K.M.Barath Chandran, S.Senthilkumar, M.Manivel 43. Hydrogeological Studies of Ptk Mines Using Remote Sensing and GIS by M.Deepasaraswathi, S.Preetha, P.Madhumitha, T.Ramasubbulakshmi, C.Chitra and M.Manivel Economic Development: 44. Geoscientific Criteria and Commercial Significance of Pyroxene Syenite of Slvamalai Area,Periyar District, Tamil Nadu by G.B.Sukumaran, R.Balaji and M.Kumar 45. Valuation of Granite Deposits by B.Kanishkan

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Book SynopsisThis book gathers selected papers from the 8th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2018) and addresses a broad range of topics, including: Reservoir Surveillance and Management, Reservoir Evaluation and Dynamic Description, Reservoir Production Stimulation and EOR, Ultra-Tight Reservoirs, Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Technology, Oil and Gas Well Production Testing, and Geomechanics. In brief, the papers introduce readers to upstream technologies used in oil & gas development, the main principles of the process, and various related design technologies. The conference not only provided a platform to exchange experiences, but also promoted the advancement of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The book is chiefly intended for industry experts, professors, researchers, senior engineers, and enterprise managers.Table of ContentsReservoir Surveillance and Management.- Reservoir Evaluation and Dynamic Description.- Reservoir Production Stimulation and EOR.- Ultra-Tight Reservoir.- Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Technology.- Oil and Gas Well Production Testing.- Geomechanics.

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first systematic treatise of available data and view-points obtained from geological and geochemical studies of the Mo deposits in Qinling Orogen, China. Qinling Orogen has a minimum reserve of 8.7 Mt Mo, ranking the largest molybdenum province both in China and the world. Incorporating all known Mo deposit types in the world, it presents extensive studies of Mo deposits of world-class and unusual types within tectonic settings. The Qinling Orogen was finally formed during continental collision between Yangtze and North China cratons, following the Triassic closure of the northernmost paleo-Tethys. It hosts 49 Mo deposits formed in seven mineralization events since 1850 Ma, with all the world-class deposits being formed during 160-105 Ma, coeval with collisional orogeny. These deposits are assigned to magmatic and metamorphic hydrothermal classes. The magmatic hydrothermal class includes porphyries, skarns, and intrusion-related veins (carbonatite, fluorite and quartz). The porphyry Mo systems in Qinling Orogen are predominated by Dabie-type formed in continental collision setting, followed by Endako- and Climax-types formed in continental arcs and rifts, respectively. The metamorphic hydrothermal Mo deposits are only reported in Qinling Orogen, and thus a new crustal continuum model for the orogenic class mineral systems is proposed. A scientific linkage between ore geology and fluid inclusions is introduced and verified both by theory and case studies. This is the first research book comprehensively displaying continental collision metallogeny. This literature will benefit both Western and Chinese mineral explorers and miners, as well as research scientists and students.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Geological background Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Tectonic location and framework 1.1.2 Inventory of main ore types and commodities 1.2 Formation and geology of Qinling Orogen 1.2.1 Outline 1.2.2 Formation and geotectonic evolution of the Qinling Orogen 1.2.3 Major geologic events in the Qinling Orogen 1.3 Basement formation in southern North China Craton 1.3.1 Multi-terrane structure of SNCC 1.3.2 Qingyanggou-type greenstone belt and the primitive crust 1.3.3 Beizi-type greenstone belt and Shipaihe Complex: continental nuclei 1.3.4 The Junzhao and Dangzehe greenstone belts 1.3.5 Rhyacian stratigraphic unit and the divergence of Xiaoshan Terrane 1.3.6 Orosirian stratigraphic unit and cratonization 1.4 Tectonic setting of Xiong’er and Xiyanghe groups: application of differentiation index 1.4.1 Preamble 1.4.2 Tectonic models of the Xiong'er and Xiyanghe groups 1.4.3 Linking igneous DI population with tectonic settings 1.4.4 Concluding remarks 1.5 Triassic tectonic setting and Indosinian Orogeny 1.5.1 Sedimentation 1.5.2 Magmatism 1.5.3 Metallogenesis 1.5.4 Concluding remarks 1.6 Yanshanian tectonism and magmatism 1.6.1 Geology and geochemistry of the Yanshanian granitoids 1.6.2 Differences between the mid- and late Yanshanian granitoids 1.6.3 Tectonic implications 1.6.4 Concluding remarks References Chapter 2 Mo mineralization types, in space and time Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Trichotomy of endogenic processes 2.2.1 Epizonogenism and trichotomy of endogenic processes 2.2.2 Comparison of epizonogenism with other related terms 2.3 Three classes of hydrothermal mineral systems 2.3.1 Trichotomy of hydrothermal mineral systems 2.3.2 Epizonogenic hydrothermal mineral system 2.3.3 Metamorphic-hydrothermal mineral system 2.3.4 Magmatic hydrothermal mineral systems 2.4 Genetic types of Mo deposits in Qinling Orogen 2.5 Mineralization in space and time 2.5.1 Mineralization: spatial relationships 2.5.2 Mineralization: temporal relationships References Chapter 3 Porphyry Mo deposits Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Classification of porphyry Mo deposits 3.1.2 Outline of porphyry Mo deposits in Qinling Orogen 3.2 The Jinduicheng Mo deposit 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Regional geology 3.2.3 Ore-causative porphyry 3.2.4 Ore geology 3.2.5 Fluid inclusions 3.2.6 Ore deposit geochemistry 3.2.7 Timing of mineralization 3.2.8 Concluding remarks 3.3 The Donggou Mo deposit 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Local geology 3.3.3 Donggou granite porphyry 3.3.4 Ore geology 3.3.5 Fluid inclusions 3.3.6 Isotope geochemistry 3.3.7 Timing of mineralization 3.3.8 Concluding remarks 3.4 The Yuchiling Mo deposit 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Regional and deposit geology 3.4.3 Host and ore-causative granitic intrusions 3.4.4 Alteration and mineralization 3.4.5 Fluid inclusion geochemistry 3.4.6 Isotopic geochemistry 3.4.7 Geochronology 3.4.8 Discussion 3.4.9 Concluding remarks 3.5 The Leimengou Mo deposit 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.2 Regional and deposit geology 3.5.3 The ore-causative porphyry 3.5.4 Ore Geology 3.5.5 Fluid inclusion studies 3.5.6 Isotope studies 3.5.7 Geochronology 3.5.8 Summary and concluding remarks 3.6 The Wenquan Mo deposit 3.6.1 Introduction 3.6.2 Regional and deposit geology 3.6.3 The ore-causative granite 3.6.4 Alteration and mineralization 3.6.5 Fluid inclusions studies 3.6.6 Isotope geochemistry 3.6.7 Timing of mineralization 3.6.8. Concluding remarks References Chapter 4 Porphyry–skarn Mo ore systems Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Nannihu-Sandaozhuang Mo-W deposit 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2.2 Local Geology 4.2.3 The ore-causative porphyry 4.2.4 Ore geology 4.2.5 Fluid inclusions 4.2.6 Ore geochemistry 4.2.7 Timing of the mineralization 4.2.8 Concluding remarks 4.3 The Shangfanggou Mo-Fe deposit 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 Regional and local geology 4.3.3 The ore-causative granite porphyry 4.3.4 Ore geology 4.3.5 Fluid inclusions 4.3.6 Ore geochemistry 4.3.7 Molybdenite Re-Os chronology 4.3.8 Concluding remarks 4.4 Qiushuwan Cu-Mo deposit 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Regional and local geology 4.4.3 Ore-causative porphyry 4.4.4 Ore geology 4.4.5 Fluid inclusions 4.4.6 Isotope geochemistry 4.4.7 Timing of mineralization 4.4.8 Discussion 4.4.9 Concluding remarks 4.5 The Yinjiagou Mo-polymetal deposit 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5.2 Regional and local geology 4.5.3 Ore-causative porphyry 4.5.4 Ore geology 4.5.5 Fluid inclusions 4.5.6 Ore geochemistry 4.5.7 Geochronology 4.5.8 Concluding remarks Reference Chapter 5 Magmatic hydrothermal vein systems Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Zhaiwa quartz vein Mo-Cu deposit 5.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2 Regional geology 5.2.3 Ore geology 5.2.4 Fluid inclusions 5.2.5 Isotope geochemistry 5.2.6 Re-Os geochronology 5.2.7 Discussion 5.2.8 Concluding remarks 5.3 Tumen molybdenite-fluorite vein system 5.3.1 Introduction 5.3.2 Regional geology 5.3.3 Ore geology 5.3.4 Fluid inclusions 5.3.5 Fluorite REY geochemistry 5.3.6 Isotope geochemistry 5.3.7 ReOs geochronology 5.3.8 Discussion 5.3.9 Conclusions 5.4 Huanglongpu carbonatite-hosted Mo ore-field 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Geology of the Huanglongpu Mo ore-field 5.4.3 Carbonatite dykes 5.4.4 Ore geology 5.4.5 Mineral chemistry 5.4.6 Fluid inclusion 5.4.7 Isotope geochemistry 5.4.8 Geochronology 5.4.9 Discussion 5.4.10 Conclusions References Chapter 6 Metamorphic hydrothermal (orogenic-type) systems Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Waifangshan Mo-quartz vein cluster 6.2.1 Introduction 6.2.2 Regional geology 6.2.3 Ore geology 6.2.4 Fluid inclusions 6.2.5 Isotope geochemistry 6.2.6 Geochronology 6.2.7 Discussion: ore genesis and tectonic model 6.2.8 Concluding remarks 6.3 The Dahu Au-Mo deposit 6.3.1 Introduction 6.3.2 Geological background 6.3.3 Ore geology 6.3.4 Fluid inclusions 6.3.5 Isotope geochemistry 6.3.6 Geochronology 6.3.7 Discussion 6.3.8 Concluding remarks 6.4 The Longmendian Mo deposit 6.4.1 Introduction 6.4.2 Regional geology 6.4.3 Deposit geology 6.4.4 Fluid inclusion 6.4.5 Geochronology 6.4.6. Discussion 6.4.7 Concluding remarks References Chapter 7 Mineralization and Its Controls Abstract 7.1 Spatial distribution and collisional orogeny 7.1.1 Mo mineralization and crustal thickness 7.1.2 Basement control 7.1.3 Fault control 7.2 Temporal distribution and orogenic events 7.2.1 Mineralization events and orogenies 7.2.2 Timing variation in terms of space 7.2.3 Timing variation in terms of genetic type 7.3 Host rocks and their control on mineralization 7.3.1 Age of host rocks 7.3.2 Lithology of host rocks 7.3.3 Physicochemical feature of host rocks 7.3.4 Mo contents of host rocks 7.4 The ore-causative granitoids 7.4.1 Granitoids aged 198  225 Ma 7.4.2 Granitoids aged 133  158 Ma 7.4.3 Granitoids aged 108  125 Ma 7.5 Hydrothermal process and mineralization 7.5.1 Metal association and zonation 7.5.2 Hydrothermal alteration and zonation 7.5.3 Four-stage hydrothermal mineralization 7.6 The ore-forming fluids 7.6.1 Nature of ore-forming fluid and its tectonic control 7.6.2 Relationship between CO2 and Mo enrichment 7.7 Re contents of molybdenite 7.8 Concluding remarks References

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Book SynopsisThis volume is a simplified and condensed version of Fundamentals of Solid Physics and Applications of Soil Physics (Academic Press, 1980). It provides a presentation of the physical properties of solids, the state and transport of matter and energy within soil bodies, and their interactions with the surrounding environment.Table of ContentsBasic Relationships. The task of Soil Physics. General Physical Characteristics of Soils. The Solid Phase. Texture, Particle Size Distribution, and Specific Surface. Soil Structure and Aggregation. The Liquid Phase. Soil Water: Content and Potential. Flow of Water in Saturated Soil. Flow of Water in Unsaturated Soil. The Gaseous Phase. Soil Air and Aeration. Composite Properties and Behavior. Soil Temperature and Hear Flow. Soil Compaction and Consolidation. Tillage and Soil Structure Management. The Field--Water Cycle and Its Management. Infiltration and Surface Runoff. Internal Drainage and Redistribution Following Infiltration. Groundwater Drainage. Evaporation from Bare-Surface Soils. Uptake of Soil Moisture by Plants. Water Balance and Energy Balance in the Field. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisCommissioned by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks (SCMR), this 2007 book presents a complete nomenclature of metamorphic rocks, with a glossary of definitions, sources and etymology. This book will form a key reference and international standard for geoscientists studying metamorphic rocks.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'This text is essential for all studying metamorphic rocks and as such must be in libraries covering geology at an advanced level. It has a companion version to igneous rocks.' Science and technologyTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction D. Fettes and J. Desmons; 2. Classification and nomenclature scheme R. Schmid, D. Fettes, B. Harte, E. Davis, J. Desmons, W. Smulikowski, F. Sassi, K. Brodie, P. Arkai, W. Wimmenauer, I. Bryhni, O. Rosen, J. Coutinho, H. Kräutner, S. Sen, V. Zharikov, N. Pertsev, V. Rusinov, E. Callegari, D. Stöffler, R. Grieve and J. Siivola; 3. Glossary; 4. References; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook describes the fundamental principles of structural phase transitions in materials in an easily understandable form, suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students.Trade Review"...the author is admired for integrating the subject at its infancy; the book describes phenomena, domain structures, and theories of phase transition and wall mobility, with generous illustrations of geologically interesting materials. The first few chapters are suitable for general reading, the level being similar to the articles in Scientific American. The more persistent readers will benefit from later chapters and a long bibliography of known co-elastic crystals. I strongly recommend this book to all science and engineering libraries, as well as to anyone who wishes to learn ferroelasticity." Z. Suo, PAGEOPHTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction and some definitions; 2. Ferroelastic and co-elastic phase transitions; 3. The Landau potential; 4. The spontaneous strain; 5. Coupling between the spontaneous strain and the order parameter; 6. Macroscopic classification of ferroic and co-elastic crystals; 7. Ferroelastic and co-elastic twin structures; 8. Domain mobilities and elastic instabilities in ferroelastic and co-elastic materials; 9. Specific heat anomalies and the excess entropy; 10. Coupling between order parameters in ferroelastic and co-elastic crystals; 11. Gradient coupling and strain modulations; 12. Some aspects of the kinetic behaviour of ferroelastic and co-elastic crystals: an outlook; References.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding how and why crystals nucleate and grow is important not only for modern technologies, but also in understanding the interior of the Earth and biomineralization. This clear explanation of the atomic processes behind crystal growth, and case studies of complex systems is essential reading for advanced graduates and researchers.Trade Review"I can recommend [the book] to any mineralogist who cn appreciate new ideas in the theoretical approach to crystal forms and in different methods and techniques for internal and external study of crystals. This up-to-date work has a place also in introductory courses in crystallography and mineralogy." The Canadian Mineralogist, R.I. Kostov, University of Mining and Geology, Bulgaria"In this reviewer's opinion, this is the comst comprehensive book currently available on crystal growth and morphology." --Gems and GemologyTable of ContentsForeword to the English translation; Preface; Part I. Fundamental Concepts: 1. Introduction; 2. Crystal forms; 3. Crystal growth; 4. Factors determining the morphology of polyhedral crystals; 5. Surface microtopography of crystal faces; 6. Perfection and homogeneity of single crystals; 7. Regular intergrowth of crystals; 8. Forms and textures of polycrystalline aggregates; Part II. Application to Complicated and Complex Systems (Case Studies): 9. Diamond; 10. Rock-crystal (quartz); 11. Pyrite and calcite; 12. Minerals formed by vapour growth; 13. Crystals formed by metasomatism and metamorphism; 14. Crystals formed through biological activity; Appendixes; Materials index; Subject index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThe new edition of this popular textbook, once again, provides an indispensable guide for the next generation of mineralogists. Designed for use on one- or two-semester courses, this second edition has been thoughtfully reorganised, making it more accessible to students, whilst still being suitable for an advanced mineralogy course. Additions include expanded introductions to many chapters, a new introductory chapter on crystal chemistry, revised figures, and an extended plates section containing beautiful colour photographs. Text boxes include historical background and case studies to engage students, and end-of-chapter questions help them reinforce concepts. With new online resources to support learning and teaching, including laboratory exercises, PowerPoint slides, useful web links and mineral identification tables, this is a sound investment for students in the fields of geology, materials science and environmental science, and a valuable reference for researchers, collectors and Trade Review'Minerals: Their Constitution and Origin (second edition) by Wenk and Bulakh is an excellent treatment of classical mineralogy with a novel emphasis on mineral-forming environments. Its organization, straightforward tone, and copious figures, including color imagery, should be welcomed by students. Additional online resources permit extensive incorporation by lecturers should they desire these resources. Both make it a worthy candidate for adoption into coursework. Additionally, this is an excellent and affordable resource for professional mineralogists and amateur mineral enthusiasts who seek a comprehensive and modern overview of classical mineralogy with an emphasis on mineral genesis.' Jonathan D. Price, American Mineralogist'Minerals is my go-to text for teaching Earth and planetary materials. The updated chapters on analytical methods and applied mineralogy are especially valuable in teaching interdisciplinary students with a wide range of backgrounds and interests. This book captures the broadening scope of our field.' Steve Jacobsen, Northwestern University, Illinois'The new edition remains quantitative and scientifically rigorous and has been improved by reorganization and by addition of new material.' Timothy L. Grove, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'… an excellent book which is suitable for teaching both in undergraduate and graduate student education in mineralogy … From basic crystallography to applied mineralogy, Minerals contains it all, and the style of writing is conclusive and scientifically sound … I am very happy to see the new second edition.' Günther J. Redhammer, University of Salzburg'… this is a refreshing new mineral textbook and is a wonderful resource to freshen up an undergraduate course. Every lecturer who teaches mineralogy and every earth sciences library should get a copy … Very highly recommended.' Geological Magazine'I think this book represents a sound undergraduate investment - a textbook that an undergraduate could visit and revisit throughout their degree programme, to remind them of the basics and, by following up the references, to provide a deeper understanding of the subjects covered.' Chemistry World'… [this] book provides a good coverage of minerals, with clear diagrams and photographs to supplement the text … there is much of value … the text is clear, and deeper treatments can be skipped, while still gaining knowledge of the wider range of mineralogy.' OUGS Newsletter'Wenk and Bulakh's Minerals is both authoritative and accessible, providing a thorough grounding in many aspects of modern mineralogy in a first-rate text.' New ScientistTable of ContentsPart I. Minerals as Chemical Compounds: 1. Subject and history of mineralogy; 2. Elements, bonding, simple structures and ionic radii; 3. Isomorphism, solid solutions and polymorphism; 4. Chemical formulas of minerals; 5. Classification and names of minerals; 6. Mineral identification of hand specimens; Part II. Symmetry Expressed in Crystal Structures and Morphology: 7. The concept of a lattice and description of crystal structures; 8. Crystal symmetries: point groups and space groups; 9. Crystalline defects; 10. Crystal growth and aggregation; Part III. Physical Investigations and Properties of Minerals: 11. Experimental approaches to crystal structures: X-ray diffraction; 12. Physical properties; 13. Optical properties of crystals; 14. Mineral identification with the petrographic microscope; 15. Colour; 16. Advanced analytical methods; 17. Mechanical properties and deformation; Part IV. Mineral-Forming Processes: 18. Mineral genesis; 19. Considerations of thermodynamics; 20. Phase diagrams; Part V. A Systematic Look at Mineral Groups: 21. Important information about silica materials. Their occurrence in granite and pegmatite; 22. Simple compounds. Unusual mineral occurrences; 23. Halides. Evaporite deposits; 24. Carbonates and other minerals with triangular anion groups. Sedimentary origins; 25. Phosphates, sulfates and related minerals. Apatite as a biogenic material; 26. Sulfides. Hydrothermal processes; 27. Oxides and hydroxides. Review of ionic crystals; 28. Orthosilicates and ring silicates. Metamorphic mineral assemblages; 29. Sheet silicates. Weathering of silicate rocks; 30. Chain silicates. Discussion of some igneous and metamorphic processes; 31. Framework silicates. Zeolites and ion exchange properties of minerals; 32. Organic minerals; Part VI. Applied Mineralogy: 33. Metalliferous mineral deposits; 34. Gemstones; 35. Cement minerals; 36. Minerals and human health; 37. Mineral composition of the Solar System; 38. Mineral composition of the Earth; Appendix 1. Metallic, submetallic and nonmetallic luster, sorted according to hardness; Appendix 2. Minerals that display some distinctive physical properties; Appendix 3. Rock-forming minerals that are coloured in thin section; Glossary; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolcanic Islands (1844) contains detailed geological descriptions of locations visited during the Beagle's voyage including Cape Verde, Ascension Island, St Helena, the Galápagos, and parts of Australia and South Africa. It includes woodcuts, maps and sketches, and provides valuable insights into the development of Darwin's ideas on geology.Table of Contents1. St. Jago, in the Cape de Verde archipelago; 2. Fernando Noronha; 3. Ascension; 4. St. Helena; 5. Galapagos archipelago; 6. Trachyte and basalt. Distribution of volcanic isles; 7. New South Wales; Appendix: Description of fossil shells G. B. Sowerby; Description of fossil corals from the Palaeozoic formation of Van Diemen's Land W. Lonsdale; Index.

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Book SynopsisA new edition of a classic text which introduces metamorphic rocks and how they form, now thoroughly updated and featuring new colour illustrations and numerous exercises. This textbook provides the basis for an undergraduate course or for more advanced self-study and research.Trade Review'If you want to teach or learn about metamorphic petrology, I would go no further than Yardley and Warren's An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology. Its rigorous foundation for the study of metamorphic rocks delivers on the three most important 'C's - concise, clear and comprehensive. Virtually everything I have wanted to teach my students about metamorphic rocks is here, from basic mineralogical principles to chemographics, thermodynamics and tectonic applications, while the illustrations and end-chapter exercises bring home the concepts. I'm excited to improve the education of my students with this text!' Matthew Kohn, Boise State University'This gem of a book is exclusively devoted to explaining metamorphic petrology, and contains abundant examples, illustrations and photographs to guide the reader through understanding the world of metamorphic rocks. The style of writing is very accessible, and the authors convey complex scientific concepts in an approachable way.' Sarah Penniston-Dorland, University of Maryland'Yardley and Warren have succeeded with the impressive feat of transforming 'the classic Yardley' into a state-of-the-art metamorphic petrology textbook without losing the core concepts of the first edition. This new edition benefits from numerous thin section photomicrographs, three completely new chapters and a more didactic layout that includes end-of-chapter summaries and questions.' Thomas Zack, University of Gothenburg'A key addition to this book, and one that I'm sure teachers and lecturers will appreciate and utilise, is a set of exercises at the end of each chapter. The illustrations are well chosen and well crafted (and include some beautiful photographs); this is an important component of the book, as these illustrations are critical for conveying complex processes. Overall, the authors have done a tremendous job in crafting a classic, into what I predict will also become an as popular and well-revered textbook.' Nick M. W. Roberts, Mineralogical MagazineTable of Contents1. The Concept of Metamorphism; 2. Chemical Equilibrium in Metamorphism; 3. The Pressure-Temperature Conditions of Metamorphism; 4. Metamorphism of Pelitic Rocks; 5. Metamorphism of Basic Igneous Rocks; 6. Metamorphism of Limestones – Marbles, Calc-Silicates and Skarns; 7. Mineral Growth and Textures in Metamorphic Rocks; 8. Metamorphism Linked to Deformation; 9. The Duration of Metamorphism; 10. Metamorphism and Tectonics.

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Book SynopsisAll Earth Science students need to understand the origins, environments, and basic processes that produce igneous and metamorphic rocks. This concise introductory textbook provides students with the essential knowledge needed to understand how petrology relates to other topics in the geologic sciences, and has been written specifically for one-semester courses. Throughout, the emphasis is on interpreting the mineralogy and petrology of rock suites in terms of origin and environment, with the first half of the book concentrating on igneous rocks, and the second half on metamorphic rocks. This Second Edition has been thoroughly revised and brought completely up-to-date. It now includes a new chapter on the application of stable and radiogenic isotopes in petrology, introducing students to the concept of isotopic fractionation and describing the process of radioactive decay. The discussions of phase diagrams, connections between igneous and metamorphic rock suites, and convergent margin mTrade Review'The second edition of Essentials of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology takes a successful format and develops it further to produce a key, up-to-date undergraduate petrology textbook. Structuring petrological processes around tectonic environments and processes makes for a straightforward and intuitive text, and allows for conceptual linkages between igneous and metamorphic rocks and processes. The call-outs and question sets are appropriate and thought-provoking, and add broader context and understanding that can be developed in associated class activities.' Graham D. M. Andrews, West Virginia University'This is an excellent undergraduate textbook, covering the essence of igneous and metamorphic petrology. It incorporates recent scientific developments without ignoring the basics, shows the relevance of petrology for mineral exploration and geohazards, and provides links with other fields of geology. An extensive reference list provides guidance for further reading. Highly recommended!' Marlina Elburg, University of Johannesburg'Frost and Frost have produced a very popular igneous and metamorphic petrology textbook as it is truly written for the undergraduate geology major with perhaps just a 100-level introductory geology class and mineralogy as their background coursework. However, it is also rich in detail and thoroughly modern. In both the igneous and metamorphic sections, the authors first introduce the needed rock descriptive and theoretical backgrounds to pave the way for students to explore subsequent chapters. Igneous rocks are examined by their tectonic setting and metamorphic rocks by their protolith, which is exactly how I have taught the course for many years. Inserts in each chapter take students to other relevant areas of Earth science. The appendix includes a very useful review of mineralogy. I have used the first edition and look forward to using the second!' James Lawford AndersonReview of the First Edition: '… I can highly recommend this book as a well-organized presentation of the essentials of igneous and metamorphic petrology and their application in an up-to-date mix of modern geochemistry and plate tectonics.' American MineralogistReview of the First Edition: '… should be very successful in meeting the authors' stated objective of providing a concise text for a one-semester undergraduate course; it will also be a valuable resource for geologic professionals.' M. E. McCallum, ChoicePraise for the First Edition: 'An authoritative and contemporary petrology textbook ideal for today's undergraduate student … that distills the essence of igneous and metamorphic petrology.' Joshua Schwartz, California State UniversityPraise for the First Edition: '… a streamlined view of igneous and metamorphic petrology that is most appropriate for a one-semester undergraduate-level course.' Jeffrey M. Byrnes, Oklahoma State UniversityPraise for the First Edition: 'An introductory textbook that presents the basic principles of the subject matter in a simple and concise manner. Frost and Frost do a good job of linking igneous and metamorphic petrology to basic chemistry and major tectonic processes.' Aley K. El-Shazly, Marshall UniversityPraise for the First Edition: '… succeeds in its stated objective: to convey the essential petrologic information that is needed by all geoscientists. … will provide students with a solid, clearly written, well-illustrated foundation for understanding igneous and metamorphic rocks. I look forward to using this text in my own undergraduate petrology class.' Calvin G. Barnes, Texas Tech UniversityTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgments; What is new in the second edition; 1. Introduction to igneous petrology; 2. An introduction to igneous phase diagrams; 3. Introduction to silicate melts and magmas; 4. Chemistry of igneous rocks; 5. Application of stable and radiogenic isotopes in petrology; 6. Basalts and mantle structure; 7. Oceanic magmatism; 8. Convergent-margin magmatism; 9. Intracontinental volcanism; 10. Intracontinental plutonism; 11. Interpretation of granitic rocks; 12. Introduction to metamorphic petrology; 13. Interpretation of metamorphic phase diagrams; 14. Metamorphic facies and the metamorphism of mafic rocks; 15. Metamorphism of peridotitic rocks; 16. Metamorphism of pelitic rocks; 17. Metamorphism of calcareous rocks and the role of fluids in metamorphism; 18. Thermobarometry and the conditions of metamorphism; 19. Regional occurrence and tectonic significance of metamorphosed rocks; Appendix; Glossary; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisPrepare to be dazzled by this shining and sumptuous visual guide to the world's greatest treasures.Feast your eyes on glittering gemstones, kaleidoscopic minerals, and famous trinkets in this comprehensive exploration of Earth's finest jewels.Following a foreword from Aja Raden, hundreds of pages take a lavish look at precious stones, precious metals, and organic gems in all their natural wonder. From agate to zoisite, everything under the Sun is encapsulated in spectacular photography and accessible text.Trace the history of gemmology and get the inside story on our planet's most famous and fabulous gems, including the mysterious Hope Diamond, the stunning Koh-i-Noor of the Crown Jewels, and exquisite Fabergé eggs. Find out their physical properties, check the price tags, and discover the most remarkable record-breakers.This exceptionally extravagant book is a picture-packed, fact-filled celebration guaranteed to bring sparkle to your life and yoTrade Review"Feast your eyes on the most beautiful encyclopedia of jewelry you will ever find." — Los Angeles Times"Gem offers a dazzling take at jewels." — The Star-Ledger

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Book SynopsisDiscover the history of precious, semi-precious, and organic gemstones, their scientific properties, their mythical powers, and their traditional uses.Humans have been beguiled and fascinated by gemstones and crystals since prehistory, and made use of them for everything from currency and ceremonial decoration to tokens of love or power. But why have some been considered more significant than others – rare or otherwise? Learn all about the key characteristics of precious and semi-precious stones, and discover the science behind some of their more unusual and mysterious properties, and the various ways in which they have taken on powerful symbolic meanings. How did the Vikings use iolite to help them steer their ships, for example? Why did the Ancient Greeks and Romans believe that sardonyx could protect them in battle?Dive deep into the pages of this curated crystal book to discover:- A quirky and compelling angle on the sub

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Book SynopsisThe Ozarks highland region of the Midwest, located in southern Missouri and northern Arkansas, contains beautiful mineral specimens for those with sharp eyes and a keen interest to discover minerals. Over 500 images represent the collectible minerals of the western Ozarks tristate district and Missouri's Viburnum Trend. Barite and fluorite as well as a variety of colorful copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron minerals grace the pages of this book, as do various forms of calcite and quartz, the latter of which can be a rock hound''s delight. The fascinating and approachable text discusses these Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) minerals, their deposition, how they fit into the broader scope of North American mineralogy, and the locations of MVT minerals around the world. A focus of the book are those minerals that historically occur along the Ozarks'' extensive waterways. This unique book is a must for anyone fascinated with the earth''s natural beauty.

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