Catalysis Books

Book SynopsisThe chemical or biological process whereby the presence of an external compound, a catalyst, serves as an agent to cause a chemical reaction to occur or to improve reaction performance without altering the external compound. Catalysis is a very important process from an industrial point of view since the production of most industrially important chemicals involve catalysis. Research into catalysis is a major field in applied science, and involves many fields of chemistry and physics. The new book brings together leading research in this vibrant field.

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Book SynopsisIn chemistry, photocatalysis refers to the acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst. Various aspects and applications of this process are described in the six chapters of this book. Chapter One addresses the reduction and oxidation of heavy metals by the photocatalytic process to produce less toxic forms, thus reducing pollution. Chapter Two reviews some issues of photocatalytic reactions which may have been overlooked in other reports. Chapter Three deals with the utilisation of ZnO-CdO nanoblocks as adsorbent and efficient solar photocatalysts towards brilliant cresol blue degradation. Chapter Four explains heterogeneous photocatalysis through the use of titanium and tungsten oxide nanostructures. Chapter Five reports the fabrication and evaluation of TiO2 nanowires supported on graphene and sensitised with Ag in a unique hierarchical three-dimensional sandwich structure. Lastly, Chapter Six provides an overview of recent achievements in C-N bond formation reactions triggered by visible light-induced DDQ-photoredox catalysis.Table of ContentsPreface; Oxidation and Reduction of Heavy Metals by Photocatalytic Processes; Peculiarities of the Reactions on Particulate Photocatalysts; ZnO-CdO Nanoblocks: Utilization as Adsorbent and Efficient Solar Photo-Catalyst towards Brilliant Cresol Blue Degradation; Heterogeneous Photocatalysis Explained through the Use of Titanium and Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures; Designing an Enhanced Visible-Light Activated Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Ag/TIO2 Nanowires/Graphene Sandwich Photocatalyst; Visible Light-Mediated DDQ Photoredox-Catalyzed C-N Bond Formation Reactions: A Review; Index.

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Book SynopsisCatalysis is a central topic in chemical transformation and energy conversion. Thanks to the spectacular achievements of colloidal chemistry and the synthesis of nanomaterials over the last two decades, there have also been significant advances in nanoparticle catalysis. Catalysis on different metal nanostructures with well-defined structures and composition has been extensively studied. Metal nanocrystals synthesized with colloidal chemistry exhibit different catalytic performances in contrast to metal nanoparticles prepared with impregnation or deposition precipitation. Additionally, theoretical approaches in predicting catalysis performance and understanding catalytic mechanism on these metal nanocatalysts have made significant progress. Metal Nanoparticles for Catalysis is a comprehensive text on catalysis on Nanoparticles, looking at both their synthesis and applications. Chapter topics include nanoreactor catalysis; Pd nanoparticles in C-C coupling reactions; metal salt-based gold nanocatalysts; theoretical insights into metal nanocatalysts; and nanoparticle mediated clock reaction. This book bridges the gap between nanomaterials synthesis and characterization, and catalysis. As such, this text will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in these exciting fields.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Nanocatalysis: Definition and Case Studies; Strategies to Fabricate Nanostructured Colloidal and Supported Metal Nanoparticles and Their Efficient Catalytic Applications; Organometallic Approach for the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Towards Application in Colloidal and Supported Nanocatalysis; Nickel Nanoparticles in the Transfer Hydrogenation of Functional Groups; Ammonium Surfactant-capped Rh(0) Nanoparticles for Biphasic Hydrogenation; Pd Nanoparticles in C-C Coupling Reactions; Metal Salt-based Gold Nanocatalysts; Catalysis with Colloidal Metallic Hollow Nanostructures: Cage Effect; Nanoreactor Catalysis; Theoretical Insights into Metal Nanocatalysts; Nanoparticle Mediated Clock Reaction: A Redox Phenomena; Porous Cryptomelane Type Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieves (OMS-2): Synthesis, Characterization and Applications in Catalysis;

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Book SynopsisCombining the basic concepts of photocatalysis with the synthesis of new catalysts, reactor and reaction engineering, this book provides a comprehensive resource on the topic. The book introduces the fundamental aspects of photocatalysis including the role of surface chemistry and understanding the chemistry of photocatalytic processes before exploring the theory and experimental studies of charge carrier dynamics. Specific chapters then cover new materials for the degradation of organics; water splitting and CO2 reduction; as well as reactor and reaction engineering. Researchers new to this discipline can learn the first principles, whilst experienced researchers can gain further information about aspects in photocatalysis beyond their area of expertise. Together with Photocatalysis: Applications, these volumes provide a complete overview to photocatalysis.Table of ContentsPhotoelectrochemistry: From Basic Principles to Photocatalysis; Understanding the Chemistry of Photocatalytic Processes; Current Issues Concerning the Mechanism of Pristine TiO2 Photocatalysis and the Effects on Photonic Crystal Nanostructures; Specificity in Photocatalysis; Photoexcitation in Pure and Modified Semiconductor Photocatalysts; New Concepts in Photocatalysis; Kinetic Processes in the Presence of Photogenerated Charge Carriers; Traps and Interfaces in Photocatalysis: Model Studies on TiO2 Particle Systems; Interplay Between Physical and Chemical Events in Photoprocesses in Heterogeneous Systems; New Materials Outline; New Materials for Degradation of Organics; New Materials for Water Splitting; New Materials for CO2 Reduction; Fundamentals of Radiation Transport in Absorbing Scattering Media; Photocatalytic Reactor Design; Photocatalytic Reactor Modeling.

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Book SynopsisIndustrial and academic scientists face increasing challenges to find cost-effective and environmentally sound methods for converting natural resources into fuels, chemicals and energy. With over 7000 papers published in this field of catalysis each year, keeping up with the literature can be difficult. Catalysis Volume 27 presents critical and comprehensive reviews of the hottest literature published over the last twelve months. Covering major areas such as chemical transformations using two-dimensional hybrid nanocatalysts, conversion of biomass-derived syngas to fuels and catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution using sulfate radicals, this book is a useful reference for anyone working in catalysis and an essential resource for any library.Table of ContentsIn situ EPR Spectroscopy in Catalysis: Fundamentals and Application in Catalytic Redox Reactions; Theoretical Studies of Selective Propane Oxidation over V-based Oxides; Conversion of Biomass-Derived Syngas to Fuels; Preparation and Applications of Amorphous Alloy Catalysts; Prospects for Selective Chemical Transformations using Two-dimensional Hybrid Nanocatalysts; Catalytic Oxidation of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Solution using Sulfate Radicals

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Book SynopsisCatalysis is a fundamentally sustainable process which can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals and their intermediates. Focussing on those catalytic processes which offer the most sustainability, this two-part book explores recent developments in this field, as well as examining future challenges. Focussing on catalysis without metals or other endangered elements, each chapter covers a different type of organocatalyst. Beginning with chapters on acid and base catalysis, the book then concentrates on asymmetric catalysis. Several chapters cover pyrrolidine-based and cinchona alkaloid-based catalysts, whilst other chapters examine further organoctalysts which are constructed only from sustainable elements. Together with Sustainable Catalysis: With Non-endangered Metals, these books examine the progress in sustainable catalysis in all areas of chemistry, and are an important reference for researchers working in catalysis and green chemistry.

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Book SynopsisIn the past decade a new era in asymmetric catalysis has been realised by the discovery of L-proline induced chiral enamines from carbonyls. Inspired by this, researchers have developed many other primary catalytic species in situ, more recently secondary catalytic species such as aminals have been identified for use in asymmetric synthesis. High-yielding asymmetric synthesis of bioactive and natural products through mild catalysis is an efficient approach in reaction engineering. In the early days, synthetic chemists mainly focused on the synthesis of complex molecules, with less attention on the reaction efficiency and eco-friendly conditions. Recent investigations have been directed towards the development of atom economy, eco-friendly and enantioselective synthesis for more targeted and efficient synthesis. Building on the momentum of this rapidly expanding research area, Dienamine Catalysis for Organic Synthesis will provide a comprehensive introduction, from the preformed species, in situ generation and onto their applications in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Dienamine Chemistry; Synthesis and Applications of Preformed Dienamines; Barbas Dienamines (2-Aminobuta-1,3-dienes): Scope and Applications; Ramachary’s Dienamines (Push-Pull Dienamines): In Situ Generation and Applications; Serebryakov-Jorgensen Dienamines (1-Aminobuta-1,3-dienes): Different In Situ Generation Methods and Applications in [4+2]-Cycloadditions; Serebryakov-Jorgensen Dienamines (1-Aminobuta-1,3-dienes): Different In Situ Generation Methods and Applications in [2+2]-, [3+2]- and a Few Other Cycloadditions; Asymmetric-Selective and Remote -Selective Functionalization of Enals and Enones through Serebryakov-Jorgensen Dienamines (1-Aminobuta-1,3-dienes); Applications of Serebryakov-Jorgensen Dienamines (1-Aminobuta-1,3-dienes) in Domino or Cascade Reactions; Aminoenyne (2-Aminobuta-1,3-enyne) Catalysis: In Situ Generation and Synthetic Applications in Organic Reactions; Trienamine catalyzed stereoselective cycloadditions and other remote functionalizations of polyconjugated enals/enones; Tetraenamine catalyzed stereoselective cycloadditions of polyunsaturated carbonyl compounds

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Book SynopsisThe efficient synthesis of heterocycles has become one of the main branches in organic chemistry due to their use in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Current sythentic strategies based on C-H activation methodologies are met with many problems like harsh reaction conditions and low reaction efficiency. Double functionalized chemicals offer a perfect alternative for the synthesis of heterocycles. Heterocycles from Double-Functionalized Arenes starts with a short discussion on the importance of heterocycles and a brief introduction on the preparation of double-functionalized arenes. Specific chapters then look at five-membered heterocycles synthesis, six-membered heterocycles synthesis and macroheterocycles synthesis. This is the first book dedicated to the topic of transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions of double functionalized arenes in heterocycle synthesis and can be used as a handbook for senior researchers and as an introduction for organic chemistry students.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Five-membered heterocycles synthesis; Six-membered heterocycles synthesis; Macroheterocycles synthesis; Conclusion and outlook;

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Book SynopsisPresenting the basic science of semiconductor photocatalysis together with the various practical applications, this textbook is ideal for graduate students. It covers fundamental principles and applicable techniques of light, solid state physics, electrochemistry, reaction kinetics, and materials processing. A solid understanding of semiconductor photoelectrochemistry is developed through discussing the basic properties of a representative photocatalytic material, TiO2; the basic science of the light absorption phenomenon and the application to the powder suspension useful for the photocatalytic research; and the electronic state of semiconductors. Following this, the textbook moves on to explore photoelectrochemistry; the mechanism and kinetic analysis of photocatalytic reactions; typical fabrication methods of common photocatalysts and the factors for improving photocatalytic activity; and evaluation methods of photocatalytic activity. The textbook concludes by looking at the future prospects of the applications of photocatalysis. This introductory textbook provides a foundation in photocatalysis to supplement graduate courses in catalysis, environmental science, materials science and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsWhat is a Photocatalyst?; Principles of Light Over Solids; Principles of Semiconductors; Principles of Photoelectrochemistry; Photocatalyst Surface and Active Species; Kinetics and Mechanism in Photocatalysis; Methods for Improving Photocatalytic Activity; Fabrication of Practical Photocatalysts; Evaluation Methods of Reactivity; Future Applications of Photocatalysis.

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Book SynopsisIn less than 20 years N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become well-established ancillary ligands for the preparation of transition metal-based catalysts. This is mainly due to the fact that NHCs tend to bind strongly to metal centres, avoiding the need of excess ligand in catalytic reactions. Also, NHC‒metal complexes are often insensitive to air and moisture, and have proven remarkably resistant to oxidation. This book showcases the wide variety of applications of NHCs in different chemistry fields beyond being simple phosphine mimics. This second edition has been updated throughout, and now includes a new chapter on NHC‒main group element complexes. It covers the synthesis of NHC ligands and their corresponding metal complexes, as well as their bonding and stereoelectronic properties and applications in catalysis. This is complemented by related topics such as organocatalysis and biologically active complexes. Written for organic and inorganic chemists, this book is ideal for postgraduates, researchers and industrialists.Table of ContentsIntroduction to N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Stereoelectronic Parameters; Synthesis, Activation and Decomposition of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Containing Complexes; Non-Classical N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes; Computational Studies on the Reactivity of Transition Metal Complexes Featuring N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands; Main Group Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Bonding, Stabilisation and Applications in Catalysis; Rare Earth Metal Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes; NHC-Iron, Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes in Catalysis;NHC-Cobalt, Rhodium and Iridium Complexes in Catalysis; NHC-Palladium Complexes in Catalysis; NHC-Nickel and Platinum Complexes in Catalysis; NHC-Copper, Silver and Gold Complexes in Catalysis; Oxidation Reactions with NHC-Metal Complexes; Reduction Reactions with NHC-bearing Complexes; N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Organic Catalysts; Biologically Active N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Metal Complexes.

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Book SynopsisCatalysis is a core area of contemporary science posing major fundamental and conceptual challenges, while being at the heart of the chemical industry. At this discussion, we bring the catalysis community together to explore the modern methods used to design new catalysts and how these approaches can bridge across the disciplines of physical sciences and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsCatalyst Design from Theory to Practice; Designing New Catalysts: Synthesis of New Active Structures; Bridging Model and Real Catalysts; Application of Novel Catalysts.

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Book SynopsisFast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Polysaccharide Depolymerization/Deconstruction Reactions during Fast Pyrolysis; Lignin Depolymerization/Deconstruction Reactions during Fast Pyrolysis; Transport and Secondary Reactions of Depolymerized/Deconstructed Species; Catalytic and Non-catalytic Reaction of Reactive Gases with Pyrolysis Products; Role of Free Radicals during Fast Pyrolysis and Bio-oil Storage; Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis over Zeolites; Advances in Computational Pyrolysis; Economic Comparison of Various Pathways to Pyrolysis-based Fuels.

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Book SynopsisImplementing biocatalytic strategies in an industrial setting at a commercial scale is a challenging task, necessitating a balance between industrial need against economic viability. With invited contributions from small and large-scale chemical and pharmaceutical companies, this book bridges the gap between academia and industry. Contributors discuss current processes, types of biocatalysts and improvements, industrial motivation and key aspects to economically succeed. With its focus on industry related issues, this book will be a useful tool for future research by both practitioners and academics.Table of ContentsAn Appreciation of Biocatalysis in the Swiss Manufacturing Environment; Biocatalysis - A greener alternative in synthetic chemistry; Biocatalysis synthesis of small molecules – Past, present and future; EntreChem: Building a sustainable business case in biotechnology: from biocatalysis to synthetic biology; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Preparation of chiral intermediates for the development of drugs and API's; Johnson Matthey: A technology provider perspective to biocatalysis in the fine chemicals industry; EnzymeWorks: Recent advance in enzyme engineering for chemical synthesis; Almac: Scalable reduction and oxidation catalysis using ene-reductase enzymes; GSK: Biocatalyst discovery and optimization; PETROBRAS: Efforts on biocatalysis for fuels and chemicals production; Metgen: Value from Wood – Enzymatic Solutions; LentiKat’s: Industrial Biotechnology, Experiences and Visions; EnginZyme: Universal Enzyme Immobilization; Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs): from Concept to Industrial Biocatalyst; SynBiocat: Protein purification, immobilization and continuous-flow processes; Microvi: MicroNiche EngineeringTM for Biocatalysis in the Water and Chemical Industries; Nofima: Peptide recovery and commercialization by enzymatic hydrolysis of marine biomass; CO2 Solutions: A biomimetic approach to mitigate CO2 Emissions – The use of Carbonic Anhydrase in an "Industrial Lung"

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Book SynopsisCombining the basic concepts of photocatalysis with the synthesis of new catalysts, reactor and reaction engineering, and exploring the numerous important applications of photocatalysis, these books provide a comprehensive resource on the topic. Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Perspectives introduces the fundamental aspects of photocatalysis before exploring the theory and experimental studies of charge carrier dynamics. Photocatalysis: Applications discusses photocatalytic processes applied to a wide range of areas, from the treatment of water and air; to photocatalysis in food packaging and biomedical and medical applications. Together these books provide a complete overview to photocatalysis. Researchers new to this field can learn the first principles, whilst experienced researchers can gain further information about applications of photocatalysis beyond their area of expertise.

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Book SynopsisThe synergy between synthetic biology and biocatalysis is emerging as an important trend for future sustainable processes. This book reviews all modern and novel techniques successfully implemented in biocatalysis, in an effort to provide better performing enzymatic systems and novel biosynthetic routes to (non-)natural products. This includes the use of molecular techniques in protein design and engineering, construction of artificial metabolic pathways, and application of computational methods for enzyme discovery and design. Stress is placed on current ‘hot’ topics in biocatalysis, where recent advances in research are defining new grounds in enzyme-catalyzed processes. With contributions from leading academics around the world, this book makes a ground-breaking contribution to this progressive field and is essential reading for graduates and researchers investigating (bio)catalysis, enzyme engineering, chemical biology, and synthetic biology.Table of ContentsGenome Mining for Enzyme Discovery; Exploiting Natural Diversity for Industrial Enzymatic Applications; Artificial Metalloenzymes; Computational Enzyme Design: Successes, Challenges, and Future Directions; Computational Techniques for Efficient Biocatalysis; Modulating Enzyme Activity via Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids; Enhancing Enzymatic Performance via Restricted Sequence Space Approaches; Customizing Transcription-factor Biosensors for Modern Biotechnology; Exploiting Biosynthetic Pathways in Fungi: Opportunities for Enhanced or Novel Production; Engineering Enzymes for Natural Product Biosynthesis and Diversification; Impact of Synthetic Biology on Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis; Self-contained Biocatalysts; Designing Multi-enzymatic Systems for the Preparation of Optically Active Molecules; Artificial Biocatalytic Cascades to Alcohols and Amines; Emerging Fields in One-pot Multi-step Synthesis with Combined Chemo- and Bio-catalysts: Sequential- and Domino-type Process Concepts as well as Compartmentation Strategies; Technical Biocatalysis; Biocatalytic Process Engineering; Enzymes for Detection and Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents

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Book SynopsisCovering the breadth of zeolite chemistry and catalysis, this book provides the reader with a complete introduction to field, covering synthesis, structure, characterisation and applications. Beginning with the history of natural and synthetic zeolites, the reader will learn how zeolite structures are formed, synthetic routes, and experimental and theoretical structure determination techniques. Their industrial applications are covered in-depth, from their use in the petrochemical industry, through to fine chemicals and more specialised clinical applications. Novel zeolite materials are covered, including hierarchical zeolites and two-dimensional zeolites, showcasing modern developments in the field. This book is ideal for newcomers who need to get up to speed with zeolite chemistry, and also experienced researchers who will find this a modern, up-to-date guide.Table of ContentsZeolite Science and Perspectives; Zeolite Structures; Synthesis of Zeolites; Hierarchical Zeolites; Two-dimensional Zeolites; Structure Determination; Spectroscopy of Zeolites; Microscopy of Zeolites; Modelling of Zeolites; Adsorption and Separation on Zeolites; Zeolites in Industrial Catalysis; Petrochemistry on Zeolites; Synthesis of Fine Chemicals over Zeolites; Transformation of Biomass over Zeolite Catalysts; Special Applications of Zeolites; Zeolite Membranes and Diffusion in Zeolites.

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Book SynopsisMany important industrial chemical processes rely heavily on catalysis and so researchers are always on the lookout for alternative catalytic materials that may improve existing processes or lead to new ones. Families of alternative catalytic materials currently being investigated include the carbides, nitrides and phosphides as well as amorphous boron catalysts. The addition of carbon, nitrogen or phosphorous to transition metals and the creation of boron-transition metal alloys leads to catalytic materials that have interesting properties, with applications in a range of different reactions, including electrocatalysis. This book provides a comprehensive account of the preparation, characterisation and application of these catalytic materials. It is an important reference for researchers and industrialists working in heterogeneous catalysis and materials chemistry.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Application of Nitrides, Carbides, Phosphides and Amorphous Boron Alloys in Catalysis; Preparation Methods for Nitride and Carbide Catalysts; Metal Phosphides and Their Applications in Catalysis; Metal Carbide Catalysts; Metal Nitride Catalysts; Amorphous Boron Alloys and Their Catalytic Behaviour; Alternative Materials for Chemical Looping Applications; Applications of Transition Metal Nitrides as Electrocatalysts; Electrocatalysis with Metal Phosphides; Concluding Remarks

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Book SynopsisVehicle exhaust emissions, particularly from diesel cars, are considered to be a significant problem for the environment and human health. Lean NOx Trap (LNT) or NOx Storage/Reduction (NSR) technology is one of the current techniques used in the abatement of NOx from lean exhausts. Researchers are constantly searching for new inexpensive catalysts with high efficiency at low temperatures and negligible fuel penalties, to meet the challenges of this field. This book will be the first to comprehensively present the current research on this important area. Covering the technology used, from its development in the early 1990s up to the current state-of-the-art technologies and new legislation. Beginning with the fundamental aspects of the process, the discussion will cover the real application standard through to the detailed modelling of full scale catalysts. Scientists, academic and industrial researchers, engineers working in the automotive sector and technicians working on emission control will find this book an invaluable resource.Table of ContentsReview of deNOx Technology for Mobile Applications; NSR Technology; NSR Catalytic Materials; Lean NOx Trap Performance Degradation - Reversible Sulfur Poisoning and Irreversible Thermally-induced Sintering; Mechanism and Kinetics of NOx Storage; Active Sites for NOx Uptake, and the Nature of Stored NOx Species; Mechanistic Aspects of the Reduction of the Stored NOx by H2 Investigated by Isotopic Labelling Experiments and FTIR Spectroscopy; NOx Storage and Reduction: Effects of Pt Dispersion, Reductant Type, and Cycle Timing; Reduction of Stored NOx with CO/H2 and Hydrocarbons: A Spatial Resolution Analysis; Global Kinetic Modelling of the NSR Catalysts; Combined LNT-SCR Catalysts for NOx Reduction from Lean Exhaust Gas; LNT Catalysts for the Simultaneous Removal of NOx and Soot: The DPNR Concept; Non-thermal Plasma NOx Storage-reduction; New deNOx Concept by Fast Reductants Injection Pulse Upstream NSR; Development of Combined NSR DeNOx and DeSOx Model and Application for Control Strategy Pre-calibration of a Modern Diesel Engine; LNT Catalysis at Ford Motor Company - A Case History

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Book SynopsisCatalysts are required for a variety of applications and industrialists and academics are increasingly challenged to find cost effective and environmentally benign catalysts to use. This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature on areas such as electrochemical promotion of catalysis, biodiesel-based metals on emission control devices, deoxygenation of fatty acids and transitioning rationally designed catalytic materials to real world catalysts produced on a commercial scale.Table of ContentsAdvances in methanation catalysis; Recent advances in electrochemical promotion of catalysis; Mixed metal oxides and catalytic redox cycles; Heterogeneous electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction; Production and use of H2O2 for atom-efficient functionalization of hydrocarbons and small molecules; Transitioning rationally designed catalytic materials to real "working" catalysts produced at commercial scale: nanoparticle materials; Dehydrogenation of long chain n-paraffins to olefins - a perspective; Investigations of the impact of biodiesel metal contaminants on emissions control devices

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Book SynopsisBiorefineries are becoming increasingly important in providing sustainable routes for chemical industry processes. The establishment of bio-economic models, based on biorefineries for the creation of innovative products with high added value, such as biochemicals and bioplastics, allows the development of “green chemistry” methods in synergy with traditional chemistry. This reduces the heavy dependence on imports and assists the development of economically and environmentally sustainable production processes, that accommodate the huge investments, research and innovation efforts. This book explores the most effective or promising catalytic processes for the conversion of biobased components into high added value products, as platform chemicals and intermediates. With a focus on heterogeneous catalysis, this book is ideal for researchers working in catalysis and in green chemistry.Table of ContentsCatalysts for Co-processing Biomass in Oil Refining Industry; Catalytic Processes and Catalyst Development in Biorefining; Catalysts for Depolymerization of Biomass; Advances in Catalytic Processes of Microalgae Conversion into Biofuels and Chemicals; Catalysts for Biofuels Production; Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-oils; Noble Metal Based Bimetallic Catalysts for the Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Phenolic Model Components for (Pyrolytic) Lignins; Microwaves in the Catalytic Valorisation of Biomass Derivatives; Biohydrogen and Biomethane Production; Biochar Production, Activation and Application as a Promising Catalyst

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Book SynopsisChiral titanium complexes are low-cost, low-toxicity and high-efficiency catalysts. Impressive progress on enantioselective titanium-catalysed transformations has been achieved in the past seven years, with exciting new discoveries ranging from basic reactions to novel methodologies. Despite this, the field has not been substantially reviewed since 2008.This book contains up to date research and covers all types of enantioselective transformations using chiral titanium catalysts. It illustrates the economic, health, and environmental benefits of chiral titanium catalysts, showing the types of highly enantioselective reactions that they are able to induce are unlimited.Work presented here is aimed at researchers in organic and catalytic chemistry, and has been carefully curated to encourage future research possibilities.

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Book SynopsisIn this Completely Revised and Extended Edition with a significantly enhanced content, all Chapters have been updated considering relevant literature and recent developments until 2016 together with application oriented examples with a focus on Industrial Biocatalysis. Newly treated topics comprise among others systems metabolic engineering approaches, metagenome screening, new tools for pathway engineering, and de-novo computational design as actual research areas in biocatalysis. Information about different aspects of RNA technologies, and completely new Chapters on 'Fluorescent Proteins' and 'Biocatalysis and Nanotechnology' are also included.

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Book SynopsisIn this Completely Revised and Extended Edition with a significantly enhanced content, all Chapters have been updated considering relevant literature and recent developments until 2016 together with application oriented examples with a focus on Industrial Biocatalysis. Newly treated topics comprise among others systems metabolic engineering approaches, metagenome screening, new tools for pathway engineering, and de-novo computational design as actual research areas in biocatalysis. Information about different aspects of RNA technologies, and completely new Chapters on 'Fluorescent Proteins' and 'Biocatalysis and Nanotechnology' are also included.

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Book SynopsisCatalysis literature can be difficult to read if there is not a sufficient understanding of the underlying connections between the chemical, materials and engineering aspects of catalysis. As a result, many students lack the depth of knowledge to effectively understand the topic.Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysis solves this issue by presenting not only the basic concepts of catalysis but also, right from the beginning, integrating the chemical, materials and engineering aspects of catalysis in examples taken directly from industry.Aimed at master's and PhD students with a limited background in chemistry, this book provides a thorough introduction to the principles behind catalysis that will enable readers to understand the concepts and analyse the literature necessary for its study.

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Book SynopsisCatalysis literature can be difficult to read if there is not a sufficient understanding of the underlying connections between the chemical, materials and engineering aspects of catalysis. As a result, many students lack the depth of knowledge to effectively understand the topic.Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysis solves this issue by presenting not only the basic concepts of catalysis but also, right from the beginning, integrating the chemical, materials and engineering aspects of catalysis in examples taken directly from industry.Aimed at master's and PhD students with a limited background in chemistry, this book provides a thorough introduction to the principles behind catalysis that will enable readers to understand the concepts and analyse the literature necessary for its study.

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Book SynopsisThe UK Catalysis Hub is a consortium of universities working together on fundamental and applied research to find out how catalysts work and to improve their effectiveness. The contribution of catalysis to manufacturing contributes to almost 40% of global GDP, making development and innovation within the field integral to industry.Modern Developments in Catalysis provides a review of current research and practise on catalysis, focussing on five main themes: catalysis design, environmental catalysis, catalysis and energy, chemical transformation and biocatalysis and biotransformations. Topics range from complex reactions to the intricacies of catalyst preparation for supported nanoparticles, while chapters illustrate the challenges facing catalytic science and the directions in which the field is developing. Edited by leaders of the UK Hub, this book provides insight into one of the most important areas of modern chemistry — it represents a unique learning opportunity for students and professionals studying and working towards speeding-up, improving and increasing the rate of catalytic reactions in science and industry.

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Book SynopsisCurrently the field of nanocatalysis is undergoing many exciting developments and the design of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid nanocatalysts is a key focus of the researchers working in this field.This book aims to present a succinct overview of the recent research progress directed towards the fabrication of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid catalytic systems encompassing the key advantages of silica nanoparticles and silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles in an integrated manner. Featuring comprehensive descriptions of almost all approaches utilized for the synthesis of nanomaterials including some latest techniques such as flow and microwave-assisted synthesis that enable large-scale synthesis, it proves useful not only to academics but also industrialists. It also includes a systematic discussion on the vital characterization techniques employed for authenticating the structure of these.The title also offers an enormous amount of knowledge about the fusion of nanotechnology with green chemistry that strives to meet the scientific challenges of protecting human health and the environment.

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Book SynopsisThe term 'green chemistry' was coined by Anastas and Warner in the early 1990s and it is nowadays the mainstay of designing and implementing advanced chemical processes that decrease or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances whilst minimizing energy consumption.Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanostructured Solid Catalysts for Sustainable Chemistry is an interdisciplinary collection of fundamental and applied cutting-edge studies which highlight general and specific aspects of the synthesis of nanostructured catalysts through Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS), studying their applications from the perspective of green chemistry.This book intends to integrate the fundamental principles of the SCS process with its engineering aspects and covers the synthesis of a wide variety of catalytic materials. This reference book can be used as a permanent consulting material for students, researchers and the general readership for green chemistry, nanochemistry, materials science and chemical engineering.

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Book SynopsisIron Catalysis: Design and Applications is an exciting new book that takes readers inside the world of iron catalysis guided by international catalysis expert, Dr Jose M Palomo. Iron is the most abundant metal in the planet, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, with an easily manipulated remediation process. In the last few years the use of this nonprecious metal has gained extraordinary attention particularly for its potential as a catalyst in different areas. This book compiles a series of chapters describing the most significant advances in the last few years since the design of different iron catalysts and nanocatalysts and iron-containing artificial and natural enzymes. The chapters also cover its application in different areas of interest such as organic synthesis, environmental remediation, enzyme-like activities or the creation of novel types of electrodes for battery design.Table of ContentsDesign of Iron Nanostructured Catalysts (Jose M Palomo); Keys and New Trends of Iron-Based Catalysts in Selective Oxidation of Propylene in Gas Phase (Javier Fernandez-Catala, Jaime Garcia-Aguilar, Diego Cazorla-Amoros, Angel Berenguer-Murcia); Iron Oxide Nanoenzymes for the Treatment of Polluted Water (N Pariona, F Mondaca, and A I Mtz-Enriquez); Design of Artificial Iron-Metalloenzymes by Combining Proteins and Organometallics (Jose M Palomo); Iron Containing Enzyme Catalysts (Cesar Mateo); Fe-Catalyzed C-H Activation/Functionalization Melania Gomez-Martinez and Olga Garcia Mancheno); Iron-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Reactions via Carbene and Nitrene Transfer Reactions (Clair Empel, Sripati Jana and Rene M Koenigs); Iron Catalysis in Metal-Ion Batteries (A Gomez-Martin and J Ramirez-Rico); Iron-catalysis in Environmental Remediation (Noelia Losada-Garcia and Jose M Palomo);

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Book SynopsisCatalysis remains a key technology in a huge number of industrial processes in the 21st century. The catalytic properties of precious metals such as platinum and palladium are well understood. However, these metals are expensive and their supply is limited. Earth-abundant elements such as iron and nickel are, as the name suggests, in plentiful supply and much cheaper to use, but research on their use in catalysis has, historically, lagged behind. As researchers and companies increasingly look for ways to reduce costs and improve the sustainability of their processes there has been a renewed interest in these earth-abundant elements. This book presents a detailed overview of current research on the catalytic uses of the most Earth-abundant elements. Highlighting the top ten most Earth-abundant elements and their various roles in modern synthetic chemistry: s-block metals (Na, K, Mg, Ca), first-row transition metals (Ti, Mn, Fe), and p-block elements (Al, Si, P). The significant stoichiometric use of these elements, and their use as acid, base, dual, and/or redox catalysts will be discussed. It will be of use to industrial and academic researchers as well as graduate students with an interest in catalysis and sustainability.Table of ContentsNa (including catalysis); K (including catalysis); Mg (stoichiometric use); Mg/Ca (catalysis) ; Mg/Ca (asymmetric catalysis); Ti (including catalysis); Mn (catalysis I); Mn (catalysis II); Fe (mechanistic studies); Fe (catalysis); Al (including catalysis); Si (stoichiometric use); Si (catalytic intermediates); P (acid catalysis); P (base catalysis)

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together the work of both theoreticians and experimentalists on the synthesis of nanoparticles and their use in catalytic reactions. Heterogeneous catalysis is a core area of contemporary physical chemistry posing major fundamental and conceptual challenges, and nanoparticles are ubiquitous in many heterogeneous catalysts, therefore it is now opportune to focus a Faraday Discussion on key aspects of their synthesis, characterisation and use. This Faraday Discussion will explore the modern methods being used to design, synthesise and characterize nanoparticles and how these bridge across the disciplines of physical science and chemical engineering. The core aim of this discussion meeting is to develop a fundamental understanding of these crucial aspects of catalytic science, especially relating to nanoparticle synthesis and use in catalytic reactions, knowledge of which is essential for the design of new catalysts.Table of ContentsControl of Catalytic Nanoparticle Synthesis; The Challenges of Characterising Nanoparticulate Catalyts; Theory as a driving force to understand reactions on nanoparticles; Application of new nanoparticle structures as catalysts

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Book SynopsisIn recent years polymerisation using organocatalysts has become an appealing alternative to more traditional metal-based catalysts. Conferring numerous advantages including low cost and ease of use, as well as the ability to precisely control the synthesis of advanced polymer structures, organocatalysts are increasingly used in polymer synthesis. Organic Catalysis for Polymerisation provides a holistic overview of the field, covering all process in the polymer synthesis pathway that are catalysed by organic catalysts. Sub-divided into two key sections for ease of use, the first focuses on recent developments in catalysis and the applications of catalysts to the full range of polymerisations that they have been utilised in; the second concerning monomers, arranges the field by monomer type and polymerisation mechanism. The book will therefore, provide a complimentary view of the field, providing both an overview of state-of-the-art catalyst development and also the best methodologies available to create specific polymer types. Edited by leading figures in the field and featuring contributions from researchers across the globe, this title will serve as an excellent reference for postgraduate students and researchers in both academia and industry interested in polymer chemistry, organic chemistry, catalysis and materials science.Table of ContentsNucleophilic Catalysts and Organocatalyzed Zwitterionic Ring-opening Polymerization of Heterocyclic Monomers; Ring-opening Polymerization Promoted by Brønsted Acid Catalysts; Bifunctional and Supramolecular Organocatalysts for Polymerization; Base Catalysts for Organopolymerization; Ring-opening Polymerization of Lactones; Organic Catalysis for the Polymerization of Lactide and Related Cyclic Diesters; ROP of Cyclic Carbonates; Metal-free Polyether Synthesis by Organocatalyzed Ringopening Polymerization; Ring-opening Polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides Using Organic Initiators or Catalysts; Organocatalytic Ring-opening Polymerization Towards Poly(cyclopropane)s, Poly(lactame)s, Poly(aziridine)s, Poly(siloxane)s, Poly(carbosiloxane)s, Poly(phosphate)s, Poly(phosphonate)s, Poly(thiolactone)s, Poly(thionolactone)s and Poly(thiirane)s; Organopolymerization of Acrylic Monomers; Organocatalyzed Step-growth Polymerization; Organocatalyzed Controlled Radical Polymerizations; Organocatalysis for Depolymerisation; Organic Catalysis Outlook: Roadmap for the Future

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Book SynopsisCatalysts are required for a variety of applications and researchers are increasingly challenged to find cost effective and environmentally benign catalysts to use. This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature including direct methane conversion, nanocomposite catalysts for transformation of biofuels into syngas and hydrogen, and catalytic wet air oxidation technology for industrial wastewater treatment. Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, it will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.Table of ContentsPreface; Catalytic Conversion of Biomass-derived Compounds to C4 Chemicals; Catalytic Wet Oxidation: Process and Catalyst Development and the Application Perspective; Opportunities for Controlling Catalysis by Designing Molecular Environments Around Active Sites: Cations Supported on Amorphous versus Crystalline Zeolitic Silicate Supports; Direct Non-oxidative Methane Conversion in Membrane Reactor; Understanding Atomically Dispersed Supported Metal Catalysts: Structure and Performance of Active Sites; Methane Activation and Conversion on Well-defined Metal-oxide Surfaces: in situ Studies with Synchrotron-based Techniques; Nanocomposite Catalysts for Transformation of Biofuels into Syngas and Hydrogen: Fundamentals of Design and Performance, Application in Structure Reactors and Catalytic Membranes; In situ and Operando Analysis of Environmental Catalysts - Studies on Reaction Mechanism and Active Site; Understanding Catalysis for Processing Glycerol and Glycerol-based Derivatives for the Production of Value Added Chemicals; Combustion Synthesis: A Novel Method of Catalyst Preparation

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Book SynopsisWith a foreword from leading organic chemist Professor Paul Wender, this book collects the major developments reported in the past thirty years in the field of enantioselective reactions promoted by chiral cobalt catalysts, illustrating the power of these green catalysts to provide all types of organic reactions from the basic to completely novel methodologies. The search for new methodologies to prepare optically pure products is one of the most active areas of research in organic synthesis. Of the methods available for preparing chiral compounds, catalytic asymmetric synthesis has attracted the most attention. In particular, asymmetric transition-metal catalysis is a powerful tool for performing reactions in a highly enantioselective fashion. Efforts to develop new asymmetric transformations have previously focused on the use of rare metals such as titanium, palladium, iridium and gold. However, the ever-growing need for environmentally friendly catalytic processes has prompted chemists to focus on the more abundant and less toxic first-row transition metals, such as cobalt, to develop new catalytic systems. The ability of cobalt catalysts to adopt unexpected reaction pathways has led to an impressive number of enantioselective cobalt-promoted transformations being developed over the past three decades. These have included the synthesis of many different types of products, often under relatively mild conditions and with remarkable enantioselectivities. This book is a useful reference resource for chemists, both academic and industrial, working in organic synthesis and interested in greener or more economical catalytic alternatives.Table of ContentsForeword; Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed [2+1] Cycloadditions; Other Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Cycloadditions; Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Cyclisations through Domino Reactions; Miscellaneous Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Cyclisations; Synthesis of Chiral Acyclic Compounds through Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Reduction Reactions; Synthesis of Chiral Acyclic Compounds through Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Ring-Opening Reactions; Synthesis of Chiral Acyclic Compounds through Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Michael and (Nitro)-Aldol Reactions; Synthesis of Chiral Acyclic Compounds through Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed 1,2-Nucleophilic Additions to Carbonyl Compounds and Derivatives; Synthesis of Chiral Acyclic Compounds through Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reactions; Synthesis of Chiral Acyclic Compounds through Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Hydrovinylation Reactions; Synthesis of Chiral Acyclic Compounds through Miscellaneous Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalysed Reactions; General Conclusion

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Book SynopsisNoncovalent interactions often provide the spine of biomolecular and material structures, and can therefore play a key role in biological and catalytic processes. Selectivity in chemical reactions, particularly in catalytic processes, is often an orchestral action of various noncovalent interactions occurring in intermediates and transition states. Although the role of hydrogen bonding is well explored in catalysis, the other types of weak interactions, namely cation–π, anion–π, π–π stacking, pseudo-agostic, halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, tetrel and icosagen bonds, must also be considered. Naturally, the chemo-, regio- or stereoselectivity of a reaction depends on the stability of such noncovalent-interaction-supported species in catalytic systems. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of these weak interactions may be the key to designing new catalytic materials. Providing an overview of the role of these different types of noncovalent interactions in both homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, this book is a valuable resource for synthetic chemists who are interested in exploring and further developing noncovalent-interaction-assisted synthesis and catalysis.Table of ContentsNoncovalent Interactions in C–H Bond Functionalization; Importance of C–H Hydrogen Bonding in Asymmetric Catalysis; Catalysis by Networks of Cooperative Hydrogen Bonds; Secondary (Agostic Si–H/Electrostatic C–F) Interactions in Alkaline Earth-based Catalysts; Anion–π Catalysis; Onium Ion-assisted Organic Reactions Through Cation–π Interactions; The Role of Noncovalent Interactions in the Efficiency of Dendrimers in Catalysis; Noncovalent Interactions in Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation; Soft Forces in Organic Synthesis by C–N Coupling Reactions; Noncovalent Interactions in the Design of Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysts; Noncovalent Interactions in the Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction; Noncovalent Interactions in Asymmetric Reactions Catalysed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids; Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation Promoted by Noncovalent Interactions; Noncovalent Interactionassisted Redox Catalysis in Reductive Dehalogenation; Noncovalent Immobilization of Catalysts on Electrode Surfaces; Noncovalent Interactions in Ionic Liquids; Ionic Liquid Effect in Catalysed Multicomponent Reactions; Noncovalent Interactions in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis Promoted by Transition Metals; Influence of Noncovalent Interactions in Catalytic Ring-opening Polymerization Processes; Cavity Effects in Metal–Organic Frameworks; Cavity Effects in Metal–Organic Frameworks in CO2 Capture and Conversion; Hybrids of Metal–Organic Frameworks as Organized Supramolecular Nano-reactors; The Nature of Hydrogen Bonding in Adsorbed CO2 and H2O on Solid Amines in CO2 Capture; Noncovalent Interactions of Biogenic Impurities with Transition Metal Catalyst Surfaces; Mechanochemical Activation and Catalysis; Role of Ion Pairing in the Mechanisms of Au(i)-catalysed Reactions: Theory and Experiment; Noncovalent Interactions in Key Metal-centred Catalytic Intermediates: Structure– Electronic Relationship; Noncovalent Interactions in Biocatalysis – A Theoretical Perspective; Analysis of Reactivity from the Noncovalent Interactions Perspective

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Book SynopsisNanoparticles exhibit a range of different properties when compared to bulk materials. Their high surface-area to volume ratio makes them particularly attractive for use as catalysts and recent years have seen an explosion of research in this area. The ability to fine-tune the size and structure of nanoparticles means that it is possible to design catalytic materials for improved activity or specificity. As catalysis is one of the key technologies for more sustainable production of both chemicals and energy, the past few years have seen increasing numbers of nanomaterials reported for these applications. Depending on the application, a number of different catalyst synthesis and optimization protocols can be used. This book provides comprehensive links between the design and fabrication method for nanoparticles and their catalytic performance (activity, selectivity and stability) in various applications. Presenting an introduction to the concept of catalyst design and recent developments in the preparation and characterisation of nanomaterials, followed by several chapters on the design of catalysts for specific applications, this book is a valuable resource for researchers working on catalytic reactions, industrial processes and nanomaterial applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Nanocatalysts; Characterization of Nanoparticles: Advances; Support Morphology-dependent Activity of Nanocatalysts; Design of Metal-modified Zeolites and Mesoporous Aluminosilicates and Application in the Synthesis of Fine Chemicals; Metal–Organic-framework Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Applications; Design of Metal-free Nanocatalysts; Nanoparticle Design for the Catalytic Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass; Nanocatalysts for CO2 Conversion; Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites Design in Photocatalysis; Nanoparticles in the Water–Gas Shift Reaction and Steam Reforming Reactions; Plasmonic Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications; Nanoparticles-based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

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Book SynopsisConversion of light and electricity to chemicals is an important component of a sustainable energy system. The exponential growth in renewable energy generation implies that there will be strong market pull for chemical energy storage technology in the near future, and here carbon dioxide utilization must play a central role. The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide is key in achieving these goals. Carbon Dioxide Electrochemistry showcases different advances in the field, and bridges the two worlds of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis that are often perceived as in competition in research. Chapters cover homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical reduction of CO2, nanostructures for CO2 reduction, hybrid systems for CO2 conversion, electrochemical reactors, theoretical approaches to catalytic reduction of CO2, and photoelectrodes for electrochemical conversion. With internationally well-known editors and authors, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in energy, catalysis, chemical engineering and chemistry who work on carbon dioxide.Table of ContentsApproaches to Controlling Homogeneous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide; Homogeneous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: From Homogeneous to Supported Systems; Heterogeneous Electrochemical CO2 Reduction; Nanostructures for CO2 reduction: from theoretical insight to material design; Theoretical Approach to Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of CO2: Mechanistic Understanding to Build New Catalysts; Bridging Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems: Atomically Dispersed Metal Atoms in Carbon Matrices for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction; Bridging Homogeneous and Heterogeneous systems: Photoelectrodes for CO2 Electrochemical Conversion; Hybrid Biological-Inorganic Systems for CO2 Conversion to Fuels; In Situ Spectroscopic Methods to Study Electrochemical CO2 Reduction; Electrochemical Reactors

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Book SynopsisOver the last 10 years, the field of plasmonic research has emerged as an extremely promising technology with several main fields of application: information technologies, energy, high-density data storage, photovoltaics, chemistry, biology, medicine and security. The main focus up to a few years ago was on the ability of plasmonic nanostructures to generate localized regions of highly concentrated electromagnetic fields, however more recently it has also been realized that the electron part of plasmonic excitations can also be exploited in the physical and chemical sciences. Fascinating proof-of-concept applications have over the last three years been demonstrated in areas such as surface-enhanced catalysis (water splitting), photodetectors without bandgaps (Schottky junctions), and nanoscale control over chemical reactions. These applications as well as the most recent breakthroughs and key challenges in this multidisciplinary and dynamic field are the focus of this Faraday Discussion, offering the perspectives of physicists, chemists and ab-initio theoreticians. In this volume the topics covered include: Dynamics of hot electron generation in metallic nanostructures Theory of hot electrons New materials for hot electron generation Applications in catalysis, photochemistry, and photodetectionTable of ContentsDynamics of Hot-electron Generation in Metallic Nanostructures; Theory of Hot-electrons; New Materials for Hot-electron Generation; Applications in Catalysis, Photochemistry, and Photodetection

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Book SynopsisHeterogeneous catalysis plays a central role in the global energy paradigm, with practically all energy-related process relying on a catalyst at a certain point. The application of heterogeneous catalysts will be of paramount importance to achieve the transition towards low carbon and sustainable societies. This book provides an overview of the design, limitations and challenges of heterogeneous catalysts for energy applications. In an attempt to cover a broad spectrum of scenarios, the book considers traditional processes linked to fossil fuels such as reforming and hydrocracking, as well as catalysis for sustainable energy applications such as hydrogen production, photocatalysis, biomass upgrading and conversion of CO2 to clean fuels. Novel approaches in catalysts design are covered, including microchannel reactors and structured catalysts, catalytic membranes and ionic liquids. With contributions from leaders in the field, Heterogeneous Catalysis for Energy Applications will be an essential toolkit for chemists, physicists, chemical engineers and industrials working on energy.Table of ContentsDesign of advanced catalysts for natural gas reforming reactions; Catalysis for industrial hydrocracking processes; Catalytic Upgrading of hydrocarbon: approaches using sub and supercritical water as reaction media; Sustainable photocatalytic materials for clean energy applications; Catalytic Technologies for clean hydrogen production; Application of solid catalysts on catalytic conversion of biomass into valuable chemicals; Catalysis in modern bio-refineries: towards a new bio-energy paradigm; Microchannel reactors, structured catalysts and non-conventional reactor design for energy applications; MOFS – from material chemistry to catalytic applications; Application of Ionic Liquids for Sustainable Catalysis; Catalytic membranes and their application in green energy technologies; Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to fuels and added value Chemicals; Operando Characterisation of model energy catalysts: from fundamental aspects to real catalysts design; Catalysts design for Gas to Liquid processes; Catalytic aspects of Fuels cells and Electrolysers

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Book SynopsisOxidation reactions are an important chemical transformation in both academia and industry. Among the major advances in the field has been the development of catalytic processes, which are not only selective and efficient, but also allow the replacement of common stoichiometric oxidants with molecular oxygen, ideally from air at atmospheric pressure. This results in processes with higher atom efficiency, where water is the only side product in line with the principles of green chemistry. Focusing on the use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant, this book covers recent advances in both heterogeneous and homogeneous systems, with and without metals and on the “taming” of the highly reactive oxygen gas by use of micro-flow reactors and membranes. A useful reference for industrial and academic chemists working on oxidation processes, as well as green chemists.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Catalysis, Oxygen and Sustainability; Aerobic Oxidations Reactions using Metal-Based Homogeneous Systems; Aerobic Oxidations Reactions using Metal-Based Heterogeneous Systems; Aerobic Oxidations Reactions using Metal-Free Heterogeneous Systems; Aerobic Oxidations Reactions using Metal-Free Homogeneous Systems; Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidations Reactions; Bio-catalyzed Aerobic Oxidations Reactions; Aerobic Oxidation Reactions in Continuous Flow Microreactors; Aerobic Oxidation Reactions in Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Industries; Industrial Aerobic Oxidation Reactions of Hydrocarbons

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Book SynopsisHydrogenation is a key reaction in both the food and petrochemical industries, where it is used to reduce carbon–carbon double bonds. Without a catalyst, hydrogenation reactions require extreme temperatures to occur, meaning catalysts are essential for the reaction to be industrially useful. During the past decade, the properties of many carbon nanomaterials that are relevant to hydrogenation catalysis have been described, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxides (rGO) and fullerenes, that are relevant to hydrogenation catalysis, have been described. For many of these the production methods have advanced to the commercial stage. Numerous studies on the development of catalysts on carbon nano-supports have appeared in the scientific literature and these catalysts have shown remarkable activity and specificity. Carbon Nanomaterials in Hydrogenation Catalysis is a valuable reference for researchers and chemical engineers working on improving hydrogenation processes and those interested in applications for carbon nanomaterials. Covering their production, modification and applications as a catalyst support this book provides an in-depth review of the current state-of-the art in using carbon nanomaterials for hydrogenation reactions.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Properties of Carbons; Modifications of Carbon Nanomaterials; Stability of Carbon Nanosupports; Reactants and Feeds; Development of Catalysts Supported on Carbon Nanosupports; Catalysts Supported on Carbon Nanotubes; Catalysts Supported on Carbon Nanofibers and Carbon Nanohorns; Catalysts Supported on Graphenes; Catalysts Supported on Fullerenes; Selection of Carbon Supports; Future Perspectives

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Book SynopsisCatalysts are required for a variety of applications and researchers are increasingly challenged to find cost effective and environmentally benign catalysts to use. This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature. Chapters highlight reactions active under oxidative coupling of methane conditions and how they are interlinked, heterogeneous nickel catalysts and their use in laboratory and industry, the reaction mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis with the surface science probe, the concepts of electroless deposition (ED) methods for preparation of true bimetallic catalysts, the general subject of metal-support interactions occurring over ruthenium-based catalysts and benzene as the target volatile organic compound (VOC). Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, these illustrative chapters bridge the gap from academic studies in the laboratory to practical applications in industry not only for catalysis field but also for environmental protection. The book will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.Table of ContentsMetal-support Interactions of Ru-based Catalysts Under Conditions of CO and CO2 Hydrogenation; Ni Catalysts from Laboratory Investigations to Chemical Industry; Electrocatalytic Applications of Heteroatom-doped Carbon Nanostructures: Thinking Beyond PEM Fuel Cells; Catalytic Decomposition of Gas-phase Benzene: Material Design, Reaction Mechanism and Future Prospect; Rational Synthesis of Bimetallic Catalysts using Electroless Deposition Methods; Electron Microscopy Methods for Characterisation of Zeolite Catalysts; Exploring the Reaction Mechanism of Heterogeneous Catalysis with Surface Science; Active Reactions and Spatial Gradients in Oxidative Coupling of Methane

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Book SynopsisThe chemistry that occurs within confined spaces is the product of a collection of forces, often beyond the molecule, and is not easily ascribed to singular factors. There is a breadth of material types that can define a confined space (e.g. macrocycles, interlocked molecules, porous and non-porous crystals, organic and inorganic/coordination cages) which are rarely discussed together. Studies of supramolecular entities in the solution and solid states are also not often compared in the same discussion, even though the concepts are often similar or can be easily transferred between the two. Chapters in this book combine classical host-guest chemistry with catalysis, reactivity, and modern supramolecular chemistry. They cover the many different technologies used to describe and understand reactivity in confined spaces in one accessible title. With contributions from leading experts, Reactivity in Confined Spaces will be relevant for graduate students and researchers working in supramolecular chemistry, both organic- and inorganic-based, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, polymer chemistry, and materials science in general.Table of ContentsMacrocycles, Catenanes and Rotaxanes; Catalytic Strategies Within the Confined Spaces of Coordination Cages; Light-induced Processes in Coordination Cages; Stabilising Reactive Intermediates in Cages; Reactivity in a Self-assembled Organic Host; Properties and Reactivities of Metal Complexes Within Organic Nanocontainers; Catalysis at the Confined Interface of Supramolecular Gels; Catalysis in Confined Space: Relationship Between Metal–Organic Frameworks and Discrete Coordination Cages; Solid/Gas Reactivity of Organometallic Species in Confined Spaces; Topochemistry Meets Supramolecular Chemistry: Opportunities for Targeted Organic Synthesis in Molecular Crystals; Stabilising and Characterising Homogeneous Catalysts in MOFs; Biomimetic Metal–Organic Frameworks: Construction and Catalytic Performance; Catalytic Nanoparticles in Metal–Organic Frameworks; Atomically Precise Metal Clusters in Confined Spaces of Metal–Organic Frameworks

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Book SynopsisVanadium is one of the more abundant elements in the Earth’s crust and exhibits a wide range of oxidation states in its compounds making it potentially a more sustainable and more economical choice as a catalyst than the noble metals. A wide variety of reactions have been found to be catalysed by homogeneous, supported and heterogeneous vanadium complexes and the number of applications is growing fast. Bringing together the research on the catalytic uses of this element into one essential resource, including theoretical perspectives on proposed mechanisms for vanadium catalysis and an overview of its relevance in biological processes, this book is a useful reference for industrial and academic chemists alike.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Amavadin and related complexes as oxidation catalysts (alkane carboxylation, electrocatalytic oxidation of thiols, oxidation of water); Activating peroxides by vanadium(V) compounds; The vanadate/pyrazinecarboxylic acid/hydrogen peroxide reagent and similar systems for efficient oxidations with peroxides; Peroxido-vanadium complexes as sustainable catalysts in oxidations, halogenations and other organic transformations; Vanadium-scorpionate catalyzed oxidations; Vanadium-carbohydrazones catalyzed oxidations; Polyoxidovanadate catalysts in nonaqeuous solution; Polyoxidometalates and soft-oxidometalates in catalysis; Use of vanadium catalysts in epoxidation and sulfoxidation reactions with Green Chemistry criteria; Vanadium-based catalysts: heterogeneous molecular complexes, supramolecular compounds, and their applications; Carbon-supported vanadium catalysis; Structure, characterization and applications of VOx supported materials; Vanadium oxides in photocatalysis, including bare oxides and VOx based organic-inorganic nanocomposites; Theoretical mechanistic analysis on vanadium oxidation catalysis; Vanadium catalyzed olefin oligomerization, polymerization and copolymerization; Vanadium catalyzed olefin metathesis and related chemistry; Vanadium catalyzed enantioselective C-C bond forming reactions; Vanadium-induced oxidative and reductive coupling; Vanadium-catalyzed transformations of selected functional groups; Catalysis exerted by cells on polyoxidometalate anions; Dioxygen activation by biomimetic vanadium complexes; Vanadium in catalytically proceeding natural processes; Vanadium chloroperoxidases as versatile biocatalysts; Vanadium catalysis relevant to nitrogenase

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Book SynopsisHeterogeneous catalysis is a core area of contemporary physical chemistry posing major fundamental and conceptual challenges. Catalysis lies at the heart of the chemical industry - an immensely successful and important part of the overall UK economy, and catalysis plays a crucial part in the production of 80% of all manufactured goods. Catalysis is a major theme in the chemical sciences and engineering that underlies much of the key research and teaching in these subjects. The reaction mechanisms of many commercial processes although successfully operated, are still a matter of debate and controversy, e.g. methanol synthesis and the Fischer–Tropsch process. Modern theoretical methods are now playing a central role in understanding reaction mechanisms and are starting to enable catalyst design. This volume brings together internationally leading researchers in this field to explore and exchange ideas concerning the key aspects of reaction mechanism studies and how this can drive the rational design of catalysts. In this volume, the topics covered include: Theory and reaction mechanisms Challenges of using advanced characterisation methods for in situ reaction mechanism studies Opportunities for understanding reaction mechanisms under flow conditions Dynamic catalytic systems on the border of heterogeneous/homogeneous catalysisTable of ContentsTheory and reaction mechanisms; Challenges of using advanced characterisation methods for in situ reaction mechanism studies; Opportunities for understanding reaction mechanisms under flow conditions; Dynamic catalytic systems on the border of heterogeneous/homogeneous catalysis

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