Biotechnology Books
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Liposomes in Analytical Methodologies
Book SynopsisLiposomes have been widely explored in the drug delivery realm over the past decades. Many of the properties that made them well suited for drug delivery applications, such as the internal space to encapsulate a large payload of molecules and the inherent protection from exterior stresses, have also been exploited in various analytical techniques. Liposomes in Analytical Methodologies provides an extensive coverage of their utility, ranging from historic developments to actively researched techniques written by expert investigators. The introductory chapter serves as a primer on the fundamentals of liposomes for analytical purposes and provides an overview of various applications, while subsequent chapters provide in-depth coverage of selected areas. With techniques ranging from liposome PCR to electrophoretic separations, readers will gain an appreciation for the versatility that liposomes can add to the analytical toolbox.Trade Review"In the past 40 years since their discovery, liposomes have found widespread applications in biomimetic membrane research, drug delivery, and cosmetic encapsulation and in the topic of this book, as analytical reagents. This well-illustrated book has been written by recognized experts in the field of liposomal analysis and includes chapters on the most important applications and their relevant technologies. Liposomes in Analytical Methodologies is an outstanding review of the state of the art of using liposomes for analytical purposes."—Prof. Richard A. Durst, Cornell University, USATable of ContentsThe analytical utility of liposomes: from the past to the present. Applications of liposomes in lateral flow assays. Application of liposomes in proteome microarrays for the study of lipid-protein interactions. Functional polydiacetylene liposomes as self-signaling and signal amplifying bio-and chemical sensor and sensor array. Taking advantage of liposomes in microfluidic systems. Redox liposomes in the development of electrochemical sensors. Coupling liposome-encapsulated nucleic acids with the polymerase chain reaction: a generic assay platform for high-sensitivity analyte detection. Magnetic liposomes in imaging and analysis. Liposome-based methodologies to assess pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs. Liposomes in capillary electromigration techniques. Fluorescent dye-encapsulating liposomes for cellular visualization.
£117.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Flash Forward: A Series of Futuristic Vignettes
Book SynopsisThis book contains fascinating vignettes depicting future societies and the implications which increasing technological change has on society and the environment. The topics discussed include nanotechnology, medicine, computational science, biotechnology, synthetic biology, and cognitive technology, among others in science. In addition, social norms, attitudes, and policy are also featured. The upshot of this combination is an entertaining, educational, and thought-provoking volume.The glimpses into future societies subsequent to the introduction and incorporation of various emerging technologies depict scenarios of how we view ourselves, how we view others, how we are viewed by others, how our surroundings are viewed, how our leaders and political structures are viewed, what our social and behavioral norms are, what our temperament/mood is, and so forth. The introduction features a focused discourse on current trends of the impacts of emerging technologies and the conclusion highlights where society should go from here.Trade ReviewSynopsis: Collaboratively compiled and co-edited by environmental scientists Nora Savage and Anita Street, "Flash Forward: A Series of Futuristic Vignettes" contains ten fascinating vignettes by experts in the field that depict future societies and the implications which increasing technological change has on society and the environment. The topics discussed include nanotechnology, medicine, computational science, biotechnology, synthetic biology, and cognitive technology, among others in science. In addition, social norms, attitudes, and policy are also featured. The upshot of this combination is an entertaining, educational, and thought-provoking volume of science based extrapolations.The glimpses into future societies subsequent to the introduction and incorporation of various emerging technologies depict scenarios of how we view ourselves, how we view others, how we are viewed by others, how our surroundings are viewed, how our leaders and political structures are viewed, what our social and behavioral norms are, what our temperament/mood is, and so forth. The introduction features a focused discourse on current trends of the impacts of emerging technologies and the conclusion highlights where society should go from here. Critique: Thoroughly 'reader friendly' in tone, commentary, organization and presentation, "Flash Forward: A Series of Futuristic Vignettes" is an informative, thought-provoking, compelling read and will prove to be a critically important addition to both community and academic library collections. It should be noted for the personal reading lists of students and non-specialist general readers with an interest in the subject that "Flash Forward: A Series of Futuristic Vignettes" is also available in a Kindle format. – Susan Bethany, Reviewer’s Bookshelf MagazineSynopsis: Collaboratively compiled and co-edited by environmental scientists Nora Savage and Anita Street, "Flash Forward: A Series of Futuristic Vignettes" contains ten fascinating vignettes by experts in the field that depict future societies and the implications which increasing technological change has on society and the environment. The topics discussed include nanotechnology, medicine, computational science, biotechnology, synthetic biology, and cognitive technology, among others in science. In addition, social norms, attitudes, and policy are also featured. The upshot of this combination is an entertaining, educational, and thought-provoking volume of science based extrapolations.The glimpses into future societies subsequent to the introduction and incorporation of various emerging technologies depict scenarios of how we view ourselves, how we view others, how we are viewed by others, how our surroundings are viewed, how our leaders and political structures are viewed, what our social and behavioral norms are, what our temperament/mood is, and so forth. The introduction features a focused discourse on current trends of the impacts of emerging technologies and the conclusion highlights where society should go from here. Critique: Thoroughly 'reader friendly' in tone, commentary, organization and presentation, "Flash Forward: A Series of Futuristic Vignettes" is an informative, thought-provoking, compelling read and will prove to be a critically important addition to both community and academic library collections. It should be noted for the personal reading lists of students and non-specialist general readers with an interest in the subject that "Flash Forward: A Series of Futuristic Vignettes" is also available in a Kindle format. – Susan Bethany, Reviewer’s Bookshelf MagazineTable of ContentsIntroduction. Ahead of Time. Annual Meeting. California Dreamin’. Intelligence on Earth? Manipulations at the Nanoscale. Message to Earth. The Failed Life of Reverend Bayes. Arachnophobia. Are Ye Gods? The Path.
£34.19
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd DNA Engineering: Properties and Applications
Book SynopsisThis book presents basic information about DNA, along with comprehensive theoretical introduction to DNA. It discusses recent developments in divalent-metal-ion inserted M-DNA complex, which gives rise to the possibility of DNA application to electronic functionality. Further, the book describes three examples of applications: optical and electrical materials, electronic devices such as bioTFT memory and color-tunable light-emitting diodes, and biofuel cell application with use of proton conduction in DNA. Table of ContentsIntroduction. Basic physical properties of natural DNA. Infrared spectral studies on structure and hydration state of dry DNA. Proton conduction in DNA. X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Hückel calculation for the electronic states of DNA. Basic property of M-DNA. IR spectral studies on M-DNA. Charge doping in Zn-DNA. Structure of M-DNA with STM. DNA as a material. Application of DNA to electronic devices. Fabrication and characteristics of DNA-biofuel cell.
£114.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Handbook of Carbohydrate-Modifying Biocatalysts
Book SynopsisThis book provides an actual overview of the structure, function, and application of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts. Carbohydrates have been disregarded for a long time by the scientific community, mainly due to their complex structure. Meanwhile, the situation changed with increasing knowledge about the key role carbohydrates play in biological processes such as recognition, signal transduction, immune responses, and others. An outcome of research activities in glycoscience is the development of several new pharmaceuticals against serious diseases such as malaria, cancer, and various storage diseases. Furthermore, the employment of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts—enzymes as well as microorganisms—will contribute significantly to the development of environmentally friendly processes boosting a shift of the chemical industry from petroleum- to bio-based production of chemicals from renewable resources. The updated content of the second edition of this book has been extended by discussing the current state of the art of using recombinantly expressed carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts and the synthesis of minicellulosomes in connection with consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic material. Furthermore, a synthetic biology approach for using DAHP-dependent aldolases to catalyze asymmetric aldol reactions is presented.Trade Review"This book represents a timely contribution to the field of carbohydrate-modifying enzymes. In many respects, understanding the chemistry and structural aspects of carbohydrates and their interactions is particularly challenging for students and established scientists alike. The many excellent chapters provide a comprehensive journey into the realm of carbohydrates, from the basics to up-to-date approaches and applications. I recommend this book to my own students and to all scientists interested in gaining advanced knowledge of carbohydrate-modifying enzymes in biological processes."—Prof. Edward A. Bayer, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel"This is an excellent compilation of the latest research in the field of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts written by highly recognized experts in the field. With glycoscience and biocatalysis emerging as fundamental contributors to a diverse array of scientific disciplines ranging from pharmaceutical development to renewable energy, this book is particularly timely and should serve as an excellent reference for inspiring scientists and students."—Prof. Jon S. Thorson, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USATable of ContentsBasics in carbohydrate chemistry. Glycoconjugates: an overview. Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in recognition processes. Glycoside hydrolases. Disaccharide phosphorylases: mechanistic diversity and application in glycosciences. DHAP-dependent aldolases: from flask reaction to cell-based synthesis. Enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic synthesis of nucleotide sugars: novel enzymes, novel substrates, novel products, and novel routs. Iteratively acting glycosyltransferases. Bacterial glycosyltransferases involved in molecular mimicry of mammalian glycans. Sulfotransferases and sulfatases: sulfate modification of carbohydrates. Glycosylation in health and disease. Sialic acid derivatives, analogs and mimetics as biological probes and inhibitors of sialic acid recognizing proteins. Enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism and catabolism for chemoenzymatic syntheses of complex oligosaccharides. From gene to product: tailor-made oligosaccharides and polysaccharides by enzyme and substrate engineering. Synthesis and modification of carbohydrates via metabolic pathway engineering in microorganisms. Metabolic pathway engineering for hyaluronic acid production. Microbial rhamnolipids. Chitin-converting enzymes. Linear and cyclic oligosaccharides. Fungal degradation of plant oligo- and polysaccharides. Bacterial strategies for plant cell wall degradation and their genomic information. Heterologous expression of cellulolytic enzymes. Engineered minicellulosomes for consolidated bioprocessing. Design of efficient multienzymatic reactions for cellulosic biomass processing.
£301.50
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Immunoassays: Development, Applications and
Book SynopsisThe concept behind this book is to provide a detailed and practical overview of the development and use of immunoassays in many different areas. Immunoassays are analytical tests that utilise antibodies to measure the amount, activity or identity of an analyte. This book is designed to provide a critical and helpful insight into the subject and to give the user practical information that may be of assistance in assay format selection, antibody generation/selection and choice of appropriate detection strategies. It is comprised of 13 chapters written by highly experienced researchers in the fields of antibody-based research, immunoassay development, assay validation, diagnostics and microfluidics. Beginning with a comprehensive survey of antibodies, immunoassay formats and signalling systems, the book elucidates key topics related to the development of an ideal antibody-based sensor, focuses on the important topic of surface modification, explores key parameters in the immobilisation of antibodies onto solid surfaces, discusses the move to ‘lab-on-a-chip’-based devices and investigates the key parameters necessary for their development. Three of the chapters are dedicated to the areas of clinical diagnostics, infectious disease monitoring and food security, where immunoassay-based applications have become highly valuable tools. The future of immunoassays, including next-generation immunoassays, electrochemical-immunoassays and ‘lab-on-a-chip’-based systems, is also discussed. The book also covers the use of optical detection systems (with a focus on surface plasmon resonance) in immunoassays, provides a compilation of important, routinely used immunoassay protocols and addresses problems that may be encountered during assay development.Table of ContentsAn Overview of Immunoassays. Recombinant Antibodies for Diagnostic Applications: Design Considerations and Structural Correlates. Surfaces and Immobilisation Strategies for use in Immunoassay Development. Immunoassay Validation. Lab-on-a-Chip Immunoassay Systems. Clinical Applications of Immunoassays. Immunoassay-Based Detection of Parasitic Diseases. Detection of Food, Agricultural and Aquatic Contaminants. Next-Generation Immunoassays. Recent Trends and the Future of Electrochemical Immunoassay Systems. New Developments in Lab-on-a-Chip Immunoassay Devices. Optical Signal Transduction with an Emphasis on the Application of Surface Plasmon Resonance in Antibody Characterisation. Protocols for Key Steps in the Development of an Immunoassay.
£151.05
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Dendrimers in Nanomedicine
Book SynopsisNanomedicine can take advantage of the recent developments in nanobiotechnology research for the creation of platforms with superior drug carrier capabilities, selective responsiveness to the environment, unique contrast enhancement profiles, and improved accumulation at the disease site. This book provides a broad glimpse of how various dendritic nanomaterials have been designed and used as efficient tools for nanomedicine. It comprises a pedagogic introduction to dendrimers and hyperbranched systems and their classical and accelerated syntheses through cutting-edge methodologies. The chapters on dendronized magnetic nanoparticles as theranostics, dendrimers in theory (molecular simulations), siRNA delivery with dendrimers, and dendrimers for image-guided therapy, combined with chapters focused on specific types of dendrimers or hyperbranched structures, detail the cutting-edge research in nanomedicine. Finally, a detailed chapter on issues related to the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of dendrimers helps choose the right structures for successful transfer from bench to bedside. This book will appeal to those involved in nanobiotechnology, macromolecular science, cancer therapy, tissue repair, and siRNA delivery research.Trade Review"Dendrimers in Nanomedicine is a timely, well-edited as well as masterly crafted book written by experts in the field. Although dendrimers were originally proposed to be a cure-all for medicine, it has taken longer than expected to fully appreciate their inherent structural shortcomings as well as potential. With new, novel architectural designs and their availability for critical in-depth in vitro and in vivo testing, the innovative roles of dendrimers in nanomedicine are explored. This book describes the impact of the first three decades of tunable dendritic architectures designed and constructed for nanomedicine, and their future is inspirational. It is a must-read for anyone in the supramolecular polymer/medical arena."—Prof. George R. Newkome, University of Akron, USA"Since the first report by Donald Tomalia in 1991, R&D on dendrimers has made exponential progress as a mainstay of nanomedicine. Now close to 7000 articles have been published on dendrimer research. This book covers the research and applications of various dendrimers very well—from their chemistry to their practical medical applications. Therefore, it will be a very good reference for graduate students and expert researchers in the field."—Dr. Hisataka Kobayashi, National Cancer Institute, USA"Dendrimers in Nanomedicine is a timely, well-edited as well as masterly crafted book written by experts in the field. Although dendrimers were originally proposed to be a cure-all for medicine, it has taken longer than expected to fully appreciate their inherent structural shortcomings as well as potential. With new, novel architectural designs and their availability for critical in-depth in vitro and in vivo testing, the innovative roles of dendrimers in nanomedicine are explored. This book describes the impact of the first three decades of tunable dendritic architectures designed and constructed for nanomedicine, and their future is inspirational. It is a must-read for anyone in the supramolecular polymer/medical arena."—Prof. George R. Newkome, University of Akron, USA"Since the first report by Donald Tomalia in 1991, R&D on dendrimers has made exponential progress as a mainstay of nanomedicine. Now close to 7000 articles have been published on dendrimer research. This book covers the research and applications of various dendrimers very well—from their chemistry to their practical medical applications. Therefore, it will be a very good reference for graduate students and expert researchers in the field."—Dr. Hisataka Kobayashi, National Cancer Institute, USATable of ContentsGeneral introduction: classical versus accelerated syntheses of dendrimers. Dendrimer-nanoparticle conjugates. Dendritic polymers for the repair of tissues. Polyglycerols in Nanomedicine. Theranostic dendronized iron oxide nanoparticles. Anti-inflammatory dendrimers. Dendrimers for siRNA delivery. Dendrimers in cancer therapy. Dendrimer pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Molecular modeling of dendrimers.
£114.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd A Microscopic Submarine in My Blood: Science
Book SynopsisThis book describes at the introductory level how modern technology has made the scenario of the classic science-fiction movie Fantastic Voyage a reality. The movie is about a submarine and its crew members being shrunk to microscopic size and ventured into the body. Exactly 50 years following the release of the film, such reality takes the form of a medical interventional room capable of mimicking this scenario. Based on 15 years of intensive research and development by the world-leading team in this specific field, the book goes through the scenes of the movie while explaining how it is implemented in this first-of-a-kind interventional facility.This is the first book that explains the fundamentals of navigation of therapeutic agents in the vascular network. The scope of the book is twofold: (1) to initiate readers into various technologies, including, but not limited to, nanotechnology, robotics, and biochemistry (more importantly, it shows how critical the integration of all these disciplines is to solving problems that indeed require a multidisciplinary environment); (2) to inspire the younger generation by showing that science and technology can bring one everywhere with the power to transform fiction to reality that can help humankind.Table of ContentsIntroduction. The location. The interventional facility. The team at the planning briefing. The submarine. Miniaturization. Injection. Travelling in the artery. Tracking the position of the submarine. Propulsion and steering. Navigating in the bloodstream. The crew. Conclusion.
£32.29
Springer Biomassbased Cosmetics
Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction: Potency tropical biomass for the bioactive ingredients in cosmetic.- Chapter 2. Trend or market outlook of biobased cosmetic ingredients.- Chapter 3. The activity of tropical biomass for bioactive ingredient in cosmetics.- Chapter 4. Algae for cosmetic application.- Chapter 5. Other marine biomass for cosmetics.- Chapter 6. Savanna biomass for cosmetics sources.- Chapter 7. Fungi for cosmetics sources.- Chapter 8. Silkworm for cosmetic application.- Chapter 9. Lignin for a cosmetic application.- Chapter 10. Essential oils for a cosmetics application.- Chapter 11. Tengkawang for a cosmetics application.- Chapter 12. Bee pollen as a cosmeceutical application.- Chapter 13. Iodinated Aloe Vera formulations for antimicrobial and cosmeceutical applications.- Chapter 14. Activated carbon for a cosmetic application.- Chapter 15. Collagen for cosmetics ingredient.- Chapter 16. Polysaccharide extracted biomass for cosmeceutical application.- Chapter 18. Cellulose and Nanocellulose for cosmetic.- Chapter 19. Tropical biomass for an antiacne agent.- Chapter 20. Tropical biomass for an anti-aging agent.- Chapter 21. Tropical biomass for an anti-whitening agent.- Chapter 22. Tropical biomass for sunscreen agent.- Chapter 23. Compatibility biomass-based cosmetic for human.- Chapter 24. Nanotechnology roles in cosmetics.- Chapter 25. Biomass for active packaging in cosmetics.- Chapter 26. Environmental and safety impacts of biobased cosmetic development.
£179.99
Springer Ethnomedicinal Plants for Drug Discovery
Book SynopsisChapter 1. History and Culture of Traditional and Ethnomedicinal Plants.- Chapter 2. Some Potential Traditional Ethnomedicinal plants among the tribals of India.- Chapter 3. Traditional Phytotherapy among the various tribal peoples of India.- Chapter 4. Traditional Phytotherapy Practices Among Diverse Tribal Communities in India.- Chapter 5. Traditional ethnomedicinal plants: A focus on the tribals of Mizoram, India. Chapter 6. Traditional ethnomedicinal plants: A rich source of bioactive molecules used in drug discovery and development.- Chapter 7. Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plants: Unveiling Rich Reservoirs of Bioactive Molecules for Drug Discovery and Development.- Chapter 8. Bioactivities, Pharmacological Properties, and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Juniper Berries (Genus Juniperus).- Chapter 9. Ocimum basilicum (Basil): A Medicinal Plant with Proven Ethnomedicinal Uses, Chemical Composition, Bioactivities and Pharmacological Properties.- Chapter 10. Natural plant products and their bioactive constituents in the treatment of obesity.- Chapter 11. Drug discovery from ethnomedicinal plants in the genomics era.- Chapter 12. Genomics evolution of ethnomedicinal plants in changing environment.- Chapter 13. Metabolic profiling technologies for biomarker discovery in ethnomedicinal plants for drug development.- Chapter 14. Exploring Genomic Approaches in Drug Discovery from Ethnomedicinal Plants.- Chapter 15. Emerging roles of non-coding RNA for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in ethnomedicinal plants.- Chapter 16. RNA sequencing approach for genome-wide transcriptome profiling in ethnomedicinal plants. Chapter 17. Pluripotent stem cells in ethnomedicinal plant drug discovery.- Chapter 18. Exploration of ethnomedicinal plants for drug discovery in high-throughput omics era.- Chapter 19. Unlocking Ethno-Medicinal Plant Potentials: Advancing Drug Discovery in the High-Throughput Omics Era.- Chapter 20. Genome editing techniques for the augmentation of ethnomedicinal Plants.- Chapter 21. Drug discovery and development from ethnomedicinal plants in the artificial intelligence era.- Chapter 22. Ethnomedicinal Plant Database for Drug Discovery-A New Era.- Chapter 23. Network-based drug discovery from ethnomedicinal plants.- Chapter 24. Evidence-based ethnomedicinal plants for clinical practice.- Chapter 25. Advancement of analytical techniques in some ethnomedicinal plants: Current and future perspectives.
£187.49
Springer Blockchain for Biomedical Research and Healthcare
Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction of Blockchain for biomedical and Helathcare System.- Chapter 2.Existing Tools and Technologies in Biomedical and Healthcare System.- Chapter 3.Revolutionizing Healthcare Efficiency: Blockchain-Driven Process Enhancement.- Chapter 4. Enhancing Security And Privacy In Wireless Medical Sensor Networks Through Blockchain-Enabled Edge Computing.- Chapter 5. Dense Net-Melanoma Classification in Block chain-Driven Healthcare.- Chapter 6.MedBlock: Privacy-preserving Framework for Next-Generation Electronic Health Records.- Chapter 7.Governing Blockchains in the Healthcare Ecosystem.- Chapter 8.Improved and Secure Medical Record Management.- Chapter 9. Securing Drug Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain.- Chapter 10. Revolutionizing Healthcare Processes: The Dynamic Role of Blockchain Innovation.- Chapter 11.Prospective Issues and Challenges for Adopting Blockchain for Biomedical and Healthcare Systems.- Chapter 12.Empowering Patients: Unlocking Benefits through Blockchain Integration in IoT-Based Biomedical and Healthcare Systems.- Cahpter 13.Integrating Healthcare Management system using Blockchain Technology.- Chapter 14.Future Implications of Blockchain for Biomedical and Healthcare.
£179.99
Springer Drug Repurposing
Book SynopsisChapter 1. Drug repurposing: History, Significance, Benefits, Approaches and Challenges.- Chapter 2. Methodologies Adopted in Drug Repurposing.- Chapter 3. In silico methods used in drug repurposing.- Chapter 4. Role of artificial and machine learning in drug repurposing.- Chapter 5. Drug repurposing in cancer therapy.- Chapter 6. Drug repurposing in inflammatory disorders.- Chapter 7. Drug repurposing in CNS disorders.- Chapter 8. Reshaping the Therapeutic Landscape: Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Rare Diseases.- Chapter 9. Clinical trials on repurposed drugs: an overview.- Chapter 10. Intellectual Property Rights and Regulatory Considerations Throughout Drug Repurposing.- Chapter 11. Redirection to the Drug Discovery: Antidiabetic Drugs Repurposing in Cancer.
£999.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore The Quintessence of Basic and Clinical Research
Book SynopsisThe book, intended for biomedical researchers, attempts to foster a comprehensive understanding of the elements that impact scientific research, such as clinical trial design, communication, and publication methods. It introduces the process of idea generation and creative/critical thinking, leading to the development of key concepts that coalesce into theoretical constructs and working hypotheses. The book systematically delineates research phases associated with a bench-to-bedside translational approach, providing the full depth and breadth of drug discovery and development: design, synthesis, and optimization of drug candidates interacting with targets linked to diseases, as well as clinical trial design to acquire substantial evidence of efficacy and safety for candidate drugs in the target patient population. New and evolving topics such as artificial intelligence, machine and deep learning, drug repurposing approaches, and bioinformatics, are incorporated into the text as these features are becoming integrated into drug research and development. Additionally, it covers publication strategies, including literature search, manuscript preparation, data presentation, relevant discussion, editorial processes, elements of peer review, and bibliometrics. Finally, the book addresses grantsmanship, key strategies for building effective networks, mentorships, maintaining research integrity, and forging career advancement opportunities, including entrepreneurship.Table of ContentsPlease refer to the attachments tab.
£143.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore Emerging Technologies for Future Sustainability:
Book SynopsisThis book presents high-quality peer-reviewed articles from the 2nd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy 2022 (ICoBiomasSE 2022) organized by the Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (COEBU), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. The theme of the conference “Emerging Technology for Future Sustainability” is chosen in view of the current revolution and rapid developments in the field of biomass innovation towards sustainable development. The contents are broadly divided into five parts: (1) sustainable biomass resources for decarbonizing the economy, (2) biomass conversion technologies for bioenergy and biofuels, (3) biomass conversion to intermediates and products, (4) bioeconomy sustainability, impacts and policies and (5) bioenergy integration. It provides a platform for students, professionals, researchers, academicians, policymakers and industries working in the areas of biomass utilization and sustainable energy to solve long-standing environmental issues for a healthier planet.Table of ContentsPhytoremediation Potential of Salvinia molesta to Reduce Ni and Cd from Simulated Wastewater.- Soil Risk Assessment on the Usage of Molasses-Based Distillery Effluent for Paddy Irrigation: Heavy Metals Content.- Effects of Soil Conditioners on Rice Growth and Soil Properties under Water Stress at Vegetative Stage.- Soil Amelioration Effects on Morphology Traits of Upland Rice Root-Shoot and Soil Productivity under Water Deficit.- Comparison of Corn and Tapioca Starch Binders on the Characteristic of Rice Straw Charcoal Briquettes.- Pretreatment of Leucaena leucocephala Using Deep Eutectic Solvent for Ethanol Production by Kluyveromyces marxianus UniMAP 1-1.- Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment of Rubber Seed Shells for Cellulose and Hemicellulose Production.- Inhibition Study on the Growth of Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) For the Production Biobutanol in ABE Fermentation.- Thermogravimetric Analysis on Empty Fruit Bunch, Rice Husk, and Rice Straw for Feedstock in Biomass Gasification.- A Review on Enhancement of Oil Palm Solid Waste through Torrefaction.- Energy Efficiency of Briquettes from Queen Pineapple (Ananas comosus [Linn.] Merr.) Wastes Using Three Organic Binders.- Optimization of Biobutanol Production from Detoxified Palm Kernel Cake Hydrolysate by Clostridium Acetobutylicum YM1.- Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMMs) as Membrane Based Separation Technology: A Review.- Application of Machine Learning for Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass.- Utilization of Spent Coffee Ground As Adsorbent for Nitrate Removal.- Nitrate Adsorption using Spent Coffee Ground: Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies.- Impact of Power Supply on Electro-Precipitation of Nickel Hydroxide from Industrial Electronic Waste.- Optimization of Nickel Electrowinning from Simulated Watts Bath of Electronics Industrial Waste.- Bio-based Packaging Materials for Fruit and Vegetables - Current Applications and Future Trends: A Review.- Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Adsorbent for Silver Nitrate Removal.- Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for Phenolic Content in Momordica Charantia Seeds and it’s Antifungal Activity Against Pleurotus ostreatus Green Mould Pathogen.- Optimization of Rice Bran Protein Extraction Using Choline Chloride-Glycerol Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).- Traditional Paddy Farmers Perception on Bioeconomy Social Change on Adapting Internet of Things in Precision Farming.- Bioeconomy of Local Soybean Farming to Increasing Commodity Competitiveness.- Microbial Fuel Cell: Simultaneous Bioremediation and Energy Recovery Technology.- Green Renewable Energy: Microbial Fuel Cell Technology.
£179.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore Agricultural Waste to Value-Added Products:
Book SynopsisThis edited book provides a comprehensive review of the current agricultural waste disposal techniques focusing on the ongoing research in the production of various agro waste-derived value-added products. Further topic includes the techno-economic aspects in up-scaling the technology from lab scale to commercial/pilot scale. Sustainable waste management and alternative renewable energy sources are the most important requirements in this era of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Agricultural waste, which is one of the major contributors to overall waste production, has the ability to be an essential source of renewable energy and other valuable products. The ongoing research and technical advancements in agro-waste treatment lead to the efficient conversion of waste into different value-added products. This book is of primary interest to academicians, researchers, scientists and engineers working in the field of agro-residue management, and biomass to bio-energy conversion technologies. Also, the book serves as reading material for students of Environmental Engineering/Civil and Environmental Engineering and Agricultural Engineering. Rural Management authorities, Industrial and Government policy-making agencies may also find it useful read.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: Growth of agricultural waste, its disposal, and related environmental issues.- Chapter 2. Global status of agricultural waste-based industries, challenges and future prospects.- Chapter 3. Technoeconomic and Sustainability Analysis of Agricultural Waste Conversion Technologies.- Chapter 4. Biochemical approach for transformation of agricultural waste to bioenergy production and other value-added products through the bioelectrochemical system.- Chapter 5. Energy-efficient Bio-electrochemical system for treatment of agricultural wastes and wastewater: mechanism, scope and challenges.- Chapter 6. Microbial Conversion of Agricultural Residues into Organic Fertilizers.- Chapter 7. Thermochemical approach for sustainable transformation of agricultural waste into value-added end-products.- Chapter 8. Advances in Thermochemical Valorization of Agricultural Waste.- Chapter 9. Conversion of Agricultural Waste with Variable Lignocellulosic Characteristics into Biochar and its Application.- Chapter 10. Agricultural waste-based biochar for soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction: Preparation, evaluation, application, and mechanism.- Chapter 11. Contemporary Approaches for Biochar Production from Agro-Waste and Its Current and Prognostic Applications in Environment Health.- Chapter 12. Valorisation of Sugarcane Bagasse Fly Ash into a Low Cost -Adsorbent Material for Removal of Heavy Metals: A Review.- Chapter 13. Extraction of lignin from various agricultural biomass: Its characterization and applications.- Chapter 14. Rice husk: from agro-industrial to modern applications.- Chapter 15. Production and application of nano-materials from agricultural waste.- Chapter 16. Agricultural waste as a source of fine chemicals.- Chapter 17. Centralized approach for the agricultural waste-based industry.- Chapter 18. Decentralized Composting and Vermicomposting for Agricultural Waste Management: Recycle at Source.
£197.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore Novel Technologies in Biosystems, Biomedical &
Book SynopsisThe book gives an insight into the theoretical background, conceptual understanding, latest developments, and applications in the field of pharmaceuticals in general and drug design, discovery, biosystems, and biomedical and drug delivery technologies in particular. Knowledge is drawn from various disciplines such as Chemistry, Biology, Material Science and Engineering, Statistics, Biomedicine, and Genetics . A host of applications like bio-imaging, novel biological agents, testing, characterization and validation of drugs, computer-based models in drug design, and application of statistical tools in data analysis, design, and development of drug delivery systems, and ecosystems are dealt with in detail. The said book undoubtedly confirms the requirements of the postgraduate students, research scholars, academicians, scientists, and researchers from the academia, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and chemical engineering domain. The book covers a conceptual understanding of the exploration of drugs in tandem with intended uses, sound ecosystem development, and carriers for drug and supplement delivery.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Editorial: Biosystems.- 2. Potential of Biotechnology in cancer management.- 3. Biosimilars: Promising and Rapidly Emerging Biotherapeutics.- 4. Applications of Nanomaterials in Medicine: Current status and future scope.- 5. Biomedical Applications of Nanofluids in Drug Delivery.
£107.99
Springer Verlag, Singapore Pharmacological Interventions for Osteoporosis
Book SynopsisThis book provides readers a fundamental insight into the basic properties of the pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of osteoporosis. It provides insight into mechanisms of action, updated information on clinical utility, and possible side effects associated with the use of these pharmaceutical agents. In particular, it highlights the use of two monoclonal antibodies romosozumab and denosumab in activating osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclasts. It also discusses two anabolic pharmaceutical agents, teriparatide and abaloparatide to treat osteoporosis. They have been shown to reduce the incidence of non-vertebral and vertebral fractures significantly after they were administered to patients daily as subcutaneous injections. The content of this book caters to researchers, scientists, and clinical practitioners who are interested in the treatment of osteoporosis using pharmaceutical agents.Table of Contents
£37.99
Independently Published Das Psylo-Zucht Buch: Eine Magic-Mushroom
Book Synopsis
£13.17
Elsevier Science Molecular Medical Microbiology
Book Synopsis
£609.73
Oxford University Press Inc Digital Health
Book SynopsisDigital health represents the fastest growing sector of healthcare. From internet-connected wearable sensors to diagnostics tests and disease treatments, it is often touted as the revolution set to solve the imperfections in healthcare delivery worldwide. While the health value of digital health technology includes greater convenience, more personalized treatments, and more accurate data capture of fitness and wellness, these devices also carry the concurrent risks of technological crime and abuses pervasive to cyber space. Even today, the medical world has been slow to respond to these emerging risks, despite the growing permanence of digital health technology within daily medical practice. With over 30 years of joint experience across the medical and cybersecurity industries, Eric D. Perakslis and Martin Stanley provide in this volume the first reference framework for the benefits and risks of digital health technologies in practice. Drawing on expert interviews, original research, and personal storytelling, they explore the theory, science, and mathematics behind the benefits, risks, and values of emerging digital technologies in healthcare. Moving from an overview of biomedical product regulation and the evolution of digital technologies in healthcare, Perakslis and Stanley propose from their research a set of ten categories of digital side effects, or toxicities, that must be managed for digital health technology to realize its promise. These ten toxicities consist of adversary-driven threats to privacy such as physical security, cybersecurity, medical misinformation, and charlatanism, and non-adversary-driven threats such as deregulation, cyberchondria, over-diagnosis/over-treatment, user error, and financial toxicity. By arming readers with the knowledge to mitigate digital health harms, Digital Health empowers health practitioners, patients, and technology providers to move beyond fear of the unknown and embrace the full potential of digital health technology, paving the way for more conscientious digital technology use of the future.Trade ReviewThe text features an engaging narrative style throughout...This volume may be particularly useful as a resource for administrators, clinicians, and others engaged in providing health care, especially in its admonition to carefully and critically consider the adoption of technologies in light of their potential, specific risks. * R.A. Brugna, CHOICE Connect, Vol. 59 No. 8 *The promise of integrating digital technology and health care has inspired hope for transformative change, while raising important concerns around the privacy of our most personal information, and how the management of these data will be secured and governed. In this thoughtful, wise, and exceptionally grounded book, two of the field's most experienced experts provide a rigorous and comprehensive review of the challenges and opportunities, with a pragmatic focus on driving implementable change. * David A. Shaywitz, MD, PhD, Astounding HealthTech Advisory Services *This book is an essential primer for anyone entering the digital health space. As new technologies continue to reshape medicine and health, we are all going to need to step back and assess where we are and where we are likely to be. In this volume, Perakslis and Stanley provide a starting point for getting smart on what is current and what is to come in digital health. * Michael Stebbins, PhD, Former Biotechnology lead for the Obama White House and President of Science Advisors, LLC *Table of ContentsTable of Contents Preface Part 1: Historical Overview and the Evolution of Digital Health Technologies Chapter 1: A Brief History of Biomedical Products Regulation Chapter 2: Medical Benefit-Risk Determination Chapter 3: Medical Ethics Models and Frameworks in Digital Health Chapter 4: The Evolution of Digital Technologies in Healthcare Chapter 5: Pulse Oximetry in Anesthesia -- The "Perfect" Medical Technology Use Case Chapter 6: The Technology of Biotechnology and Big Data in Medicines Chapter 7: Electronic Health Records: Promises, Progress, and Problems Part 2: The Ten Toxicities of Digital Health Chapter 8: Introducing the Ten Toxicities Chapter 9: Adversary-Driven Toxicities Chapter 10: Non-Adversary-Driven Toxicities Part 3: Frameworks for Digital Risk and Threat Mitigation Chapter 11: Modeling Cyber Threats as Medical Adverse Events Chapter 12: Current State of Cyber Regulation: Understanding Privacy vs. Security Chapter 13: Cyber Time: The Key Advantage of the Adversary Chapter 14: Quantifying Cyber Threat for Patients, Providers, and Institutions Chapter 15: Case Studies: Notable Healthcare Hacks and Lessons Learned Part 4: Digital Health -- Hope, Hype and Risk Mitigation in Practice Chapter 16: The "Smart" Clinic Chapter 17: The Patient as a Mobile Healthcare Consumer Chapter 18: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Chapter 19: Virtual Health Assistants Chapter 20: Wearables Part 5: The Future of Digital Health Benefit-Risk Assessment and Management Chapter 21: 5 Mitigations for the 10 Toxicities
£44.40
Mariner Books The First Shots
Book SynopsisThe full inside story of the high-stakes, global race for the lifesaving vaccine to end the pandemic Heroic science. Chaotic politics. Billionaire entrepreneurs. Award-winning journalist Brendan Borrell brings the defining story of our times alive through compulsively readable, first-time reporting on the players leading the fight against a vicious virus. The First Shots, soon to be the subject of an HBO limited series with superstar director and producer Adam McKay (Succession, Vice, The Big Short), draws on exclusive, high-level access to weave together the intense vaccine-race conflicts among hard-driving, heroic scientists and the epic rivalries among Washington power players that shaped 18 months of fear, resolve, and triumph. From infectious disease expert Michael Callahan, an American doctor secretly on the ground in Wuhan in January 2020 to gauge the terrifying ravages of Disease X; to Robert (Dr. Bob
£21.99
Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc Living Terrors What America Needs to Know to
Book SynopsisAmerica is one killer organism away from a living nightmare that threatens all we hold dear....A deadly cloud of powdered anthrax spores settles unnoticed over a crowded football stadium.... A school cafeteria lunch is infected with a drug-resistant strain of E. coli.... Thousands in a bustling shopping mall inhale a lethal mist of smallpox, turning each individual into a highly infectious agent of suffering and death....Dr. Michael Osterholm knows all too well the horrifying scenarios he describes. In this eye-opening account, the nation’s leading expert on bioterrorism sounds a wake-up call to the terrifying threat of biological attack — and America’s startling lack of preparedness. He demonstrates the havoc these silent killers can wreak, exposes the startling ease with which they can be deployed, and asks probing questions about America’s ability to respond to such attacks. Are most doctors and emergency rooms able to d
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Emerging Technology Platforms for Stem Cells
Book SynopsisThis book focuses on practical applications for using adult and embryonic stem cells in the pharmaceutical development process. It emphasizes new technologies to help overcome the bottlenecks in developing stem cells as therapeutic agents.Table of ContentsForeword Current state of stem cell field: Overview (Mahendra S. Rao). Chapter 1: Derivation methods for human embryonic stem cells: Past, present & future Necati Findikli. Mohan Vemuri. Chapter 2: Isolation of human ESCs from various stages of the human embryo (Yuri Verlinsky, N. Strelchenko, V. Kukharenko, A. Shkumatov, S. Rechitsky, O. Verlinsky, and A. Kuliev). Chapter 3: Derivation of stem cells from epiblasts (Michal Amit). Chapter 4: Derivation of Embryonic Stem Cells from Parthenogenetic Eggs (Jose Cibelli). Chapter 5: Reprogramming Developmental Potential (Costas A. Lyssiotis Cradley D. Charette, and Luke L. Lairson). Chapter 6: Adult stem cells and their role in endogenous tissue repair (N. Sachewsky and Cindi Morshead). Chapter 7: Greater differentiation potential of adult stem cells (Carlos Clavel and Catherine Verfaillie). Chapter 8: Cancer stem cells (Scott Dylla, In-Kyung Park and Austin L. Gurney). Chapter 9: Large scale production of adult stem cells for clinical use (Kristin Goltry, Brian Hampson, Naia Venturi and Ronnda Bartel). Chapter 10: Genetic and epigenetic features of stem cells (Jonathan Auerbach and Richard Josephson). Chapter 11: Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells (Marjorie Pick). Chapter 12: Identification of signaling pathways involved during differentiation Takumi Miura. Chapter 13 Media and extracellular matrix requirements for large scale ESC growth (Allan J. Robins and Tom Schultz). Chapter 14: Automated method for culturing ES cells (S. Terstegge and Oliver Brustle). Chapter 15: Quantitative 2D Imaging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (Steven K.W. Oh, Allen K. Chen, Andre B.H. Choo and Ivan Reading). Chapter 16: Nanobiotechonology for stem cell culture and Maintenance (Minseok S. Kim, Wonhye Lee and Je-Kyun Park). Chapter 17: Engineering Microenvironments to Control Stem Cell Functions (Anielle An-Chi Tsou and Song Li). Chapter 18: Improved lentiviral gene delivery tools for stem cells (Sanjay Vasu, Jian-Ping Yang and Wieslaw Kudlicki). Chapter 19: Sleeping Beauty-mediated Transposition in Stem Cells (Andrew Wilbur, Jakub Tolar, Bruce R Blazar, Catherine M Verfaillie, Uma Lakshmipathy, Dan S Kaufman and Scott McIvor). Chapter 20: PhiC31 Integrase for Modification of Stem Cells (W. Edward Jung and Michelle Calos). Chapter 21: Cell Engineering using Integrase and Recombinase systems (Takefumi Sone, Fumiko Nishi, Kazuhide Yahata, Yukari Sasaki, Hiroe Kishine, Taichi Andoh, Ken Inoue, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, Jonathan D. Chesnut and Fumio Imamoto). Chapter 22: hESC derived cardiomyocytes for cell therapy and drug discovery (William Sun and Robert Zweigerdt). Chapter 23: hESC in Drug discovery (Catharina Ellerstrom, Petter Bjorquist, Peter Sartipy, Johan Hyllner and Raimund Strehl). Chapter 24: Characterization and Culturing of Adipose-Derived Precursor Cells (Dietmar Hutmacher, Joanna Olkowska-Truchanowicz, David Leong, Johannes Reichert and Thiam Chye Lim). Chapter 25: Bringing Mesenchymal stem cells to clinic (Robert Deans).
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc MetalEnhanced Fluorescence
Book Synopsis* In-depth look created by the unique perspective of the author, the leader in this field. * Serves as a comprehensive collection of current trends, thoughts and emerging hot aspects in the field of metal-fluorophore interactions and applications.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Mental-Enhanced Fluorescence: Progress Towards a Unified Plasmon-Fluorophore Description (Kadir Aslan and Chris D. Geddes). Spectral Profile Modifications In Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (E. C. Le Ru, J. Grand, N. Félidj, J. Aubard, G. Lévi, A. Hohenau, J. R. Krenn, E. Blackie and P. G. Etchegoin). The Role Of Plasmonic Engineering In Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (Daniel J. Ross, Nicholas P.W. Pieczonka and R. F. Aroca). Importance of Spectral Overlap: Fluorescence Enhancement by Single Metal Nanoparticles (Keiko Munechika, Yeechi Chen, Jessica M. Smith and.David S. Ginger). Near-IR Metal Enhanced Fluorescence And Controlled Colloidal Aggregation (Jon P. Anderson, Mark Griffiths, John G. Williams, Daniel L. Grone, Dave L. Steffens, and Lyle M. Middendorf). Optimisation Of Plasmonic Enhancement Of Fluorescence For Optical Biosensor Applications (Colette McDonagh, Ondrej Stranik, Robert Nooney and Brian D. MacCraith). Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (Kadir Aslan and Chris D. Geddes). Localized Surface Plasmon Coupled Fluorescence Fiber Optic Based Biosensing (Chien Chou, Ja-An Annie Ho, Chii-Chang Chen, Ming-Yaw, Wei-Chih Liu, Ying-Feng Chang, Chen Fu, Si-Han Chen and Ting-Yang Kuo). Surface Plasmon Enhanced Photochemistry (Stephen K. Gray). Metal-Enhanced Generation of Oxygen Rich Species (Yongxia Zhang, Kadir Aslan and Chris D. Geddes). Synthesis Of Anisotropic Noble Metal Nanoparticles (Damian Aherne, Deirdre M. Ledwith and John M. Kelly). Enhanced Fluorescence Detection Enabled By Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials (Jong-in Hahm). ZnO Platforms For Enhanced Directional Fluorescence Applications (H.C. Ong, D.Y. Lei, J. Li and J.B. Xu). E-Beam Lithography And Spontaneous Galvanic Displacement Reactions For Spatially Controlled MEF Applications (Luigi Martiradonna, S. Shiv Shankar and Pier Paolo Pompa). Metal-Enhanced Chemiluminescence (Yongxia Zhang, Kadir Aslan and Chris D. Geddes). Enhanced Fluorescence From Gratings (Chii-Wann Lin, Nan-Fu Chiu, Jiun-Haw Lee and Chih-Kung Lee). Enhancing Fluorescence with Sub-Wavelength Metallic Apertures (Steve Blair and Jérôme Wenger). Enhanced Multi-Photon Excitation of Tryptophan-Silver Colloid (Renato E. de Araujo, Diego Rativa and Anderson S. L. Gomes). Plasmon-enhanced radiative rates and applications to organic electronics (Lewis Rothberg and Shanlin Pan). Fluorescent Quenching Gold Nanoparticles: Potential Biomedical Applications (Xiaohua Huang, Ivan H. El-Sayed, and Mostafa A. El-Sayed). Index.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances in Biomedical and Biomimetic Materials
Book SynopsisA collection of articles from the Advances in Biomedical and Biomimetic Materials symposium give insight into advances in biomedical and biomimetic materials.Table of ContentsPreface ix BIOCERAMICS Biotribological Characterization of the Bilayer System: HN/ZrO2 on 316LSS 3B. Bermudez-Reyes, I. Espitia-Cabrera, J. Zarate-Medina, M. A. L. Hernandez-Rodrrguez, J. A. Ortega-Saenz, F. J. Espinoza-Beltran, and M. E. Contreras-Garcia Bioinspired Ceramic Microstructures Prepared by Freezing of Suspensions 19Qiang Fu, Mohamed N. Rahaman, B. Sonny Bal, and Fatih Dogan Mechanical Properties Modeling of Porous Calcium Phosphates Ceramics 27Frangois Pecqueux, Franck Tancret, Nathalie Payraudeau, and Jean-Michel Bouler Bone Cement Reinforced with Zirconium Oxide Particles 39H. H. Rodriguez and M. C. Piiia METALLIC IMPLANT MATERIALS Characterization of New Nickel-Titanium Wire for Rotary Endodontic Instruments 49William A. Brantley, Jie Liu, William A.T. Clark, Libor Kovarik, Caesar Buie, Masahiro lijima Satish B. Alapati, and William Ben Johnson Effect of Cold Work on the Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy 59Mohamed Elwi Mitwally and Mahmoud Farag Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6AI-4V for Biomedical and Related Applications Involving Rapid-Layer Powder Manufacturing 71L. E. Murr, S. M. Gaytan, S. A. Quinones, M. I. Lopez, A. Rodela, E. Y. Martinez, D. H. Hernandez, E. Martinez, D. A. Rarnirez, F. Medina, and R. B. Wicker Mechanical Properties of Implant Rods Made of Low-Modulus p-Type Titanium Alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr, for Spinal Fixture 83Kengo Narita, Mitsuo Niinomi, Masaaki Nakai, Toshikazu Akahori, Harumi Tsutsumi, Kazuya Oribe, Takashi Tamura, Shinji Kozuka, and Shizuma Sato Functionality of Porous Titanium Improved by Biopolymer Filling 91Mitsuo Niinomi, Masaaki Nakai, Toshikazu Akahori, Harumi Tsutsumi, Hideaki Yamanoi, Shinichi Itsuno, Naoki Haraguchi, Yoshinori Itoh, Tadashi Ogasawara, Takashi Onishi, and Taku Shindoh SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING Fracture Forces in Femurs Implanted with PMMA 105Dan Dragomir-Daescu, Hilary E. Brown, Nadia Anguiano-Wehde, Sean McEligot, Michael J. Burke, Kevin E. Bennet, James T. Bronk, and Mark E. Bolander Development, Synthesis and Characterization of Porous Biomaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering 115Kajal K. Mallick Engineered Nanofibers with Stem Cells for Biomimetic Tissue Engineering 129Seeram Ramakrishna, Susan Liao, Kun Ma, and Casey K. Chan Preclinic Test of Collagen Membranes 135B. Leon Mancilla and C. Piiia Barba SURFACE MODIFICATION OF BIOMATERIALS Polysiloxane Coatings Containing Tethered Antimicrobial Moieties 143P. Majumdar, S. J. Stafslien, J. Daniels, E. Lee, N. Patel, N. Gubbins, C. J. Thorson, and B. J. Chisholm High-Throughput Microbial Biofilm Assay for the Rapid Discovery of Antimicrobial Coatings and Materials for Biomedical Applications 151S. Stafslien, B. Chisholm, P. Majurndar, J. Bahr, and J. Daniels Chemical--Hydrothermal Combined Synthesis of Bioactive Ti02 and CaTiO, Films on Ti Surfaces 159M. Veda, M. Ikeda, and M. Ogawa Surface Modification of Hydroxyapatite: A Review 171Otto C. Wilson, Jr. MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY Nanophase Hydroxyapatite in Biodegradable Polymer Composites as Novel Drug-Carrying Implants for Treating Bone Diseases at Targeted Sites 185Huinan Liu and Thomas J. Webster Author Index 193
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Renewable Polymers
Book SynopsisPresents the synthesis, technology and processing details of a large range of polymers derived from renewable resources It has been a long-term desire to replace polymers from fossil fuels with the more environmentally friendly polymers generated from renewable resources.Table of ContentsPreface xii List of Contributors xv 1. Polymers from renewable Resources 1 V. Mittal 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Naturally Renewable Methylene Butyrolactones 4 1.3 Renewable Rosin Acid-Degradable Caprolactone Block Copolymers 6 1.4 Plant Oils as Platform Chemicals for Polymer Synthesis 7 1.5 Biosourced Sterecontrolled Polytriazoles 9 1.6 Polymers from Naturally Occurring Monoterpene 10 1.7 Polymerization of Biosourced 2- (Methacryloyloxy) ethyl Tiglate 11 1.8 Oxypropylation of Repeseed Cake Residue 12 1.9 Copolymerization of Naturally Occurring Limonene 13 1.10 Polymerization of Lactides 14 1.11 Nanocomposites Using Renewable Polymers 19 1.12 Castor Oil Based Thermosets 19 References 22 2. Design, Synthesis, Property, and Application of Plant Oil Polymers 23 Keshar Prassain and Duy H. Hua 2.1 Introduction 24 2.2 Triglyceride Polymers 25 2.3 Summary 65 Reference 65 3. Advances in Acid Mediated Polymerizations 69 Stewart P. Lewis and R. Mathers 3.1 Introduction 70 3.2 Problems Inherent to Cationic Ole. N Polymerization 72 3.3 Progress Toward Cleaner Cationic Polymerization 75 3.4 Environmental Bene. Ts via New Process Conditions 158 3.5 Cationic Polymerization of Monomers Derived from Renewable Resources 161 3.6 Sustainable Synthesis of Monomers for Cationic Polymerization 163 References 164 4. Olive Oil Wastewater as a Renewable Resource for Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates 175 Francesco Valentino, Marianna Villano, Lorenzo Bertin, Mario Beccari, and Mauro Majone 4.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Structure, Properties, and Applications 175 4.2 PHA Production Processes Employing Pure Microbial Cultures 177 4.3 PHA Production Processes Employing Mixed Microbial Cultures 178 4.4 Olive Oil Mill Ef. Uents (OMEs) as a Possible Feedstock for PHA Production 197 4.5 OMEs as Feedstock for PHA Production 206 4.6 Concluding Remarks 211 References 212 5. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) for Production of Polymers from Renewable Resources 221 Kattimuttathu I. Suresh 5.1 Introduction 221 5.2 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) 222 5.3 Synthetic Strategies to Develop Functional Material Based on Renewable Resources – Composition, Topologies and Functionalities 227 5.4 Sustainable Sources for Monomers with a Potential for Making Novel Renewable Polymers 231 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 241 References 242 6. Renewable Polymers in Transgenic Crop Plants 247 Tina Hausmann and Inge Broer 6.1 Natural Plant Polymers 248 6.2 De Novo Synthesis of Polymers in Plants 269 6.3 Conclusion 289 References 291 7. Polyesters, Polycarbonates and Polyamides Based on Renewable Resources 305 Bart A. J. Noordover 7.1 Introduction 306 7.2 Biomass-Based Monomers 307 7.3 Polyesters Based on Renewable Resources 308 7.4 Polycarbonates Based on Renewable Resources 332 7.5 Polyamides Based on Renewable Resources 344 7.6 Conclusions 349 References 350 8. Succinic Acid: Synthesis of Biobased Polymers from Renewable Resources 355 Stephen Kabasci and Inna Bretz 8.1 Introduction 355 8.2 Polymerization 359 8.3 Conclusions 371 References 372 9. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Based Polymers 381 Ananda S. Amarasekara 9.1 Introduction 381 9.2 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 382 9.3 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Derivatives 393 9.4 Polymers from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Derivatives 398 9.5 Conclusion 421 References 422 10. Natural Polymers-A Boon for Drug Delivery Rajesh. N. Uma, and Valluru Ravi 10.1 Introduction 429 10.2 Acacia 429 10.3 Agar 431 10.4 Alginate 433 10.5 Carrageenan 436 10.6 Cellulose 438 10.7 Chitosan 440 10.8 Dextrin 444 10.9 Dextrin 445 10.10 Gellan Gum 447 10.11 Guar Gum 448 10.12 Inulin 451 10.13 Karaya Gum 454 10.14 Konjac Glucomannan 453 10.15 Locust Bean Gum 454 10.16 Locust Gum 455 10.17 Pectin 455 10.18 Psyllium Husk 457 10.19 Scleroglucan 457 10.20 Starch 460 10.21 Xanthan Gum 462 References 465 Index 473
£160.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc ChitosanBased Systems for Biopharmaceuticals
Book SynopsisChitosan is a linear polysaccharide commercially produced by the deacetylation of chitin. It is non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and acts as a bioadhesive with otherwise unstable biomolecules - making it a valuable component in the formulation of biopharmaceutical drugs. Chitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals provides an extensive overview of the application of chitosan and its derivatives in the development and optimisation of biopharmaceuticals. The book is divided in four different parts. Part I discusses general aspects of chitosan and its derivatives, with particular emphasis on issues related to the development of biopharmaceutical chitosan-based systems. Part II deals with the use of chitosan and derivatives in the formulation and delivery of biopharmaceuticals, and focuses on the synergistic effects between chitosan and this particular subset of pharmaceuticals. Part III discusses specific applications of chitosan and its derivatives for biopharmaceutiTable of ContentsList of Contributors xvii Foreword xxiii Marıa Jose Alonso Preface xxv Acknowledgments xxvii Part One General Aspects of Chitosan 1 1 Chemical and Technological Advances in Chitins and Chitosans Useful for the Formulation of Biopharmaceuticals 3 Riccardo A. A. Muzzarelli 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Safety of Chitins and Chitosans 4 1.3 Ionic Liquids: New Solvents and Reaction Media 5 1.4 Chitin and Chitosan Nanofibrils 8 1.5 Electrospun Nanofibers 10 1.6 Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Mucoadhesion 12 1.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 16 2 Physical Properties of Chitosan and Derivatives in Sol and Gel States 23 Marguerite Rinaudo 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Chitin 24 2.3 Chitosan 28 2.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 36 3 Absorption Promotion Properties of Chitosan and Derivatives 45 Akira Yamamoto 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Effect of Chitosan on the Intestinal Absorption of Poorly Absorbable Drugs 47 3.3 Effect of Chitosan Derivatives on the Intestinal Absorption of Poorly Absorbable Drugs 47 3.4 Effect of Chitosan Oligomers on the Intestinal Absorption of Poorly Absorbable Drugs 48 3.5 Colon-Specific Delivery of Insulin Using Chitosan Capsules 51 3.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 54 4 Biocompatibility and Biodegradation of Chitosan and Derivatives 57 Ahmad Sukari Halim, Lim Chin Keong, Ismail Zainol, and Ahmad Hazri Abdul Rashid 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Biocompatibility Evaluation of Chitosan and Derivatives 58 4.3 Biodegradation of Chitosan and Derivatives 65 4.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 69 5 Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Chitosan and Derivatives 75 Teresa Cunha, Branca Teixeira, Barbara Santos, Marlene Almeida, Gustavo Dias, and Jose das Neves 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Biological Activity 76 5.3 Chitosan's Usefulness in Therapy and Alternative Medicine 82 5.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 84 6 Biological, Chemical, and Physical Compatibility of Chitosan and Biopharmaceuticals 93 Masayuki Ishihara, Masanori Fujita, Satoko Kishimoto, Hidemi Hattori, and Yasuhiro Kanatani 6.1 Introduction 93 6.2 Structural Features of Chitosan and Its Derivatives 94 6.3 Biocompatibility for Chitosan and Its Derivatives 95 6.4 Biocompatibility of Photo-Cross-Linkable Chitosan Hydrogel 98 6.5 Physical and Chemical Compatibility of Chitosan and Its Derivatives 100 6.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 102 7 Approaches for Functional Modification or Cross-Linking of Chitosan 107 A. Anitha, N. Sanoj Rejinold, Joel D. Bumgardner, Shanti V. Nair, and Rangasamy Jayakumar 7.1 Introduction 107 7.2 General Awareness of Chitosan Cross-Linking Methods 108 7.3 Modified Chitosan: Synthesis and Characterization 112 7.4 Applications of Modified Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Drug Delivery 118 7.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 118 Part Two Biopharmaceuticals Formulation and Delivery Aspects Using Chitosan and Derivatives 125 8 Use of Chitosan and Derivatives in Conventional Biopharmaceutical Dosage Forms Formulation 127 Teofilo Vasconcelos, Pedro Barrocas, and Rui Cerdeira 8.1 Introduction 127 8.2 Advantageous Properties of Chitosan and Its Derivatives 128 8.3 Oral Administration 129 8.4 Buccal Administration 131 8.5 Nasal Administration 132 8.6 Pulmonary Administration 132 8.7 Transdermal Administration 133 8.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 133 9 Manufacture Techniques of Chitosan-Based Microparticles and Nanoparticles for Biopharmaceuticals 137 Franca Ferrari, M. Cristina Bonferoni, Silvia Rossi, Giuseppina Sandri, and Carla M. Caramella 9.1 Introduction 137 9.2 Water-in-Oil Emulsion and Chemical Cross-linking 138 9.3 Drying Techniques 141 9.4 Ionic Cross-linking Methods 144 9.5 Coacervation and Precipitation Method 151 9.6 Direct Interaction between Chitosan and Biopharmaceuticals 152 9.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 153 10 Chitosan and Derivatives for Biopharmaceutical Use: Mucoadhesive Properties 159 Katharina Leithner and Andreas Bernkop-Schnurch 10.1 Introduction 159 10.2 Mucoadhesion 160 10.3 Chitosan and Its Derivatives 161 10.4 Biopharmaceutical Use of Chitosan and Its Derivatives 171 10.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 175 11 Chitosan-Based Systems for Mucosal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals 181 Sonia Al-Qadi, Ana Grenha, and Carmen Remunan-Lopez 11.1 Introduction 181 11.2 Important Challenges for the Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals by Mucosal Routes 182 11.3 Interest in Chitosan for Mucosal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals 184 11.4 Chitosan-Based Delivery Nanosystems for Mucosal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals 188 11.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 200 12 Chitosan-Based Delivery Systems for Mucosal Vaccination 211 Gerrit Borchard, Farnaz Esmaeili, and Simon Heuking 12.1 Introduction 211 12.2 Adjuvant Properties of Chitosan 212 12.3 Chitosan in the Delivery of Protein and Subunit Vaccines 213 12.4 Chitosan-Based Formulations of DNAVaccines 215 12.5 Vaccine Formulations Using Chitosan in Combination with Other Polymers 216 12.6 Chitosan Derivatives in Vaccine Carrier Design 217 12.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 220 13 Chitosan-Based Nanoparticulates for Oral Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals 225 Filipa Antunes, Fernanda Andrade, and Bruno Sarmento 13.1 Introduction 225 13.2 Challenges on the Oral Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins 226 13.3 Challenges on the Oral Delivery of Genetic Material 227 13.4 Role of Chitosan in the Protection of Biopharmaceuticals in the Gastrointestinal Tract 229 13.5 Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins 232 13.6 Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery of Genetic Material 234 13.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 236 14 Chitosan-Based Systems for Ocular Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals 243 Suresh P. Vyas, Rishi Paliwal, and Shivani Rai Paliwal 14.1 Introduction 243 14.2 Ocular Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals 244 14.3 Chitosan: A Suitable Biomaterial for Ocular Therapeutics 244 14.4 Chitosan-Based Systems for Ocular Delivery of Biomacromolecules 245 14.5 Toxicological and Compatibility Aspects of Chitosan-Based Ocular Systems 249 14.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 250 15 Chemical Modification of Chitosan for Delivery of DNA and siRNA 255 You-Kyoung Kim, Hu-Lin Jiang, Ding-Ding Guo, Yun-Jaie Choi, Myung-Haing Cho, Toshihiro Akaike, and Chong-Su Cho 15.1 Introduction 255 15.2 Hydrophilic Modification 256 15.3 Hydrophobic Modification 257 15.4 Specific Ligand Modification 259 15.5 pH-Sensitive Modification 264 15.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 269 Part Three Advanced Application of Chitosan and Derivatives for Biopharmaceuticals 275 16 Target-Specific Chitosan-Based Nanoparticle Systems for Nucleic Acid Delivery 277 Shardool Jain and Mansoor Amiji 16.1 Introduction 277 16.2 Chitosan-Based Nanoparticle Delivery Systems 283 16.3 Illustrative Examples of DNAVaccine Delivery 286 16.4 Illustrative Examples of Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy 288 16.5 Illustrative Examples of Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy 291 16.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 294 17 Functional PEGylated Chitosan Systems for Biopharmaceuticals 301 Hee-Jeong Cho, Goen Kim, Hyeok-Seung Kwon, and Yu-Kyoung Oh 17.1 Introduction 301 17.2 PEGylated Chitosan for the Delivery of Proteins and Peptides 304 17.3 PEGylated Chitosan for Delivery of Nucleic Acids 308 17.4 PEGylated Chitosan for Delivery of Other Macromolecular Biopharmaceuticals 311 17.5 PEGylated Chitosan Used for Cellular Scaffolds 313 17.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 313 18 Stimuli-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals 319 Cuiping Zhai, Jinfang Yuan, and Qingyu Gao 18.1 Introduction 319 18.2 pH-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 319 18.3 Thermosensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 321 18.4 pH-Sensitive and Thermosensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 323 18.5 pH- and Ionic-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 325 18.6 Photo-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 325 18.7 Electrical-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 326 18.8 Magnetic-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 326 18.9 Chemical Substance-Sensitive Chitosan-Based Systems 327 18.10 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 327 19 Chitosan Copolymers for Biopharmaceuticals 333 Ramon Novoa-Carballal, Ricardo Riguera, and Eduardo Fernandez-Megia 19.1 Introduction 333 19.2 Chitosan-g-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) 337 19.3 Chitosan-g-Polyethylenimine 347 19.4 Other Copolymers of Chitosan 357 19.5 Copolymers of Chitosan with Promising Applications 363 19.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 368 20 Application of Chitosan for Anticancer Biopharmaceutical Delivery 381 Claudia Philippi, Brigitta Loretz, Ulrich F. Schaefer, and Claus-Michael Lehr 20.1 Introduction 381 20.2 Chitosan and Cancer: Intrinsic Antitumor Activity of the Polymer Itself 382 20.3 Chitosan Formulations Developed for Classic Anticancer Drugs 383 20.4 Biopharmaceuticals Delivered by Chitosan Preparations 384 20.5 Active Targeting Strategies and Multifunctional Chitosan Formulations 388 20.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 389 21 Chitosan-Based Biopharmaceutical Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 393 Tao Jiang, Meng Deng, Wafa I. Abdel- Fattah, and Cato T. Laurencin 21.1 Introduction 393 21.2 Fabrication of Chitosan-Based Biopharmaceuticals Scaffolds 395 21.3 Applications of Chitosan-Based Biopharmaceutical Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 403 21.4 Future Trends: Regenerative Engineering 416 21.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 417 22 Wound-Healing Properties of Chitosan and Its Use in Wound Dressing Biopharmaceuticals 429 Tyler G. St. Denis, Tianhong Dai, Ying-Ying Huang, and Michael R. Hamblin 22.1 Introduction 429 22.2 Brief Review of Wound Repair 430 22.3 Wound-Healing Effects of Chitosan 433 22.4 Chitosan for Wound Therapeutics Delivery 440 22.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 444 Part Four Regulatory Status, Toxicological Issues, and Clinical Perspectives 451 23 Toxicological Properties of Chitosan and Derivatives for Biopharmaceutical Applications 453 Thomas J. Kean and Maya Thanou 23.1 Introduction 453 23.2 In Vitro Toxicity of Chitosan and Derivatives 454 23.3 In Vivo Toxicity of Chitosan and Derivatives 457 23.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 459 24 Regulatory Status of Chitosan and Derivatives 463 Michael Dornish, David S. Kaplan, and Sambasiva R. Arepalli 24.1 Introduction 463 24.2 Source 464 24.3 Characterization 464 24.4 Purity 465 24.5 Applications of Advanced Uses of Chitosan 466 24.6 Regulatory Considerations for Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in the European Union, and Medical Devices or Combination Products with Medical Device (CDRH) Lead 468 24.7 Regulatory Pathways 469 24.8 Chitosan Medical Products: US Regulatory Review Processes for Medical Devices or Combination Products with CDRH Lead 469 24.9 Chitosan Wound Dressings 470 24.10 The European Regulatory System: The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM) 474 24.11 Further Regulatory Considerations 475 24.12 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 477 24.13 Disclaimer 478 25 Patentability and Intellectual Property Issues Related to Chitosan-Based Biopharmaceutical Products 483 Mafalda Videira and Rogerio Gaspar 25.1 Introduction 483 25.2 Setting the Scene: The Role of Chitosan as a Pharmaceutical Excipient 484 25.3 Addressing the Drivers for Scientific Progress on Chitosan: Innovation and Inventability 495 25.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 496 26 Quality Control and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for Chitosan-Based Biopharmaceutical Products 503 Torsten Richter, Maika Gulich, and Katja Richter 26.1 Introduction 504 26.2 Regulatory Requirements for Production 505 26.3 Manufacturing GMP: Fundamental Considerations 508 26.4 Requirements for Rooms, Personnel, and Equipment 511 26.5 Qualification and Validation 511 26.6 Quality Control 513 26.7 Monitoring and Maintenance of a GMP System 519 26.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 522 27 Preclinical and Clinical Use of Chitosan and Derivatives for Biopharmaceuticals: From Preclinical Research to the Bedside 525 David A. Zaharoff, Michael Heffernan, Jonathan Fallon, and John W. Greiner 27.1 Introduction 525 27.2 Chitosan as a Parenteral (Subcutaneous) Vaccine Platform 526 27.3 Chitosan as an Immunotherapeutic Platform 530 27.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 537 References 539 Index 543
£146.25
John Wiley & Sons Inc Leading Biotechnology Alliances
Book SynopsisSince the early 1990s, research and discovery collaborations between biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies have increased to the point that they now provide more than half of the total capital invested in the biotechnology sector. Although smaller biotechnology companies may be engaged in only a few alliances at a time, some of the most active pharmaceutical players may be engaged in anywhere from thirty to forty alliances at once. Any single alliance relationship may be the lifeblood for a small biotechnology company, while the same relationship may be just one of many for the pharmaceutical partner. Research alliances with small, close-to-the-science companies are the source of many of the innovative ideas of today and the future, but they present formidable challenges. Successful collaboration depends not only on the solution of scientific and technical problems, but also on the successful resolution of many leadership and organizational problems. Leading BiotechnologyTrade Review"...a discussion of the business of biotechnology..." (Journal of Proteome Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, March, April 2002)Table of ContentsTROUBLE IN ALLIANCE LAND. A Case in Point: The Lucida-Pharma Alliance Cast of Characters. The General Case: Many Alliances, Many Problems. ASYMMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS, LOPSIDED RESPONSIBILITY. Contrasting Cultures. Partner Differences and Disparities. LAYING THE GROUNDWORK. Preparing the Organization. Individual and Organizational Due Diligence. The First Meetings. THE ALLIANCE LIFE CYCLE: LEADING DIFFERENTLY OVER TIME. To the First Milestone. Managing Growth and Maturity. Ending: Completion, or Termination. Readiness, Learning, and Alliance Effectiveness: A Road Map. If We Could Turn Back the Clock...(A Hypothetical Coda to the Lucida-Pharma Sciences Case).
£95.90
Rowman & Littlefield Science in the Private Interest Has the Lure of
Book SynopsisUniversity science is now entangled with entrepreneurship, and researchers with a commercial interest are caught in an ethical quandary. Science in the Private Interest investigates the trends and effects of modern, commercialized academic science.Trade ReviewIn Science in the Private Interest, a strongly argued polemic against the commercial conditions in which scientific research currently operates, [Krimsky] shows how universities have become little more than instruments of wealth. * The New York Review Of Books *In Science in the Private Interest, Dr. Krimsky documents the growing entanglement between commerce and academic science. He argues that the lure of profits is transforming universities so that they are no longer independent, disinterested centers of learning that the public has long depended on. * The New York Times *A must-read for anyone interested in the future of science. * USA Today *This is an important and detailed analysis of the transformations of the biomedical sciences as they have become part of a new biomedical-industrial-complex. . . . A timely and much-needed study. -- Everett Mendelsohn, professor of history and science, Harvard UniversityThis book should be read by anyone concerned about the integrity of knowledge production in a knowledge-based society. Krimsky provides a spirited and engaging defense of academic freedom and sounds a compelling warning of the long-term dangers to society when universities adopt the values of business. -- Mildred Cho, Stanford UniversityScience in the Private Interest is required reading for all scientists interested in the integrity of researchers and universities. -- Adil E. Shamoo, University of Maryland School of MedicineSheldon Krimsky is one of the country's leading thinkers about the social and political context of science. This very accessible book offers a powerful insight into how corporate connections are harming the progress of science, tainting free inquiry in our universities, and harming our health. -- Phil Brown, Brown UniversityReading Krimsky will give those inside and outside the university and college worlds a gripping sense of how large are the stakes and how glorious can be the benefits of defending and expanding the independence of the university from the growing corporate state. . . . A searching and honest book. -- Ralph Nader, from the forewordScience in the Private Interest makes a timely and welcome contribution. A major strength of Krimsky's book is its comprehensive account of problems that have arisen from the 'partnership' of academia and industry. * Nature Neuroscience *Science in the Private Interest is carefully researched and presents arguments from all sides of the issues under discussion. Case studies sprinkled throughout the book demonstrate that the main characters—universities, large companies, and some academicians—at times cloak monetary and career-advancing priorities in scientific clothing. Yet most of the pages of the the book are not exposés of biomedical wrongdoing but explanations of the laws and regulations that govern how academia and industry interrelate. * The New England Journal Of Medicine *Krimsky is certainly not the first to take on conflicts in the scientific world, but his scholarship provides the data that many advocates use in making their case. Even defenders of the commercial ties, who say they speed products to the market and appropriately reward researchers for their work, recognize the importance of Krimsky's data. * The Boston Globe *By using thorough analysis, interviews, and careful evaluation of recent patterns, Krimsky attempts to untangle the complex relationship between biomedical research and profiteering, one of the most important issues of our time. * Public Citizen News *Provides a useful and readable compendium of events and ideas that are familiar to scholars of conflict-of-interest in science. * Nature *Krimsky has long been a critic of business links to universities. Science in the Private Interest integrates his work and that of others, arguing that the link between universities and business actually presents a serious threat to both universities and society. * Health Affairs *Krimsky's analysis is informed and his argument well written. Science in the Private Interest is a disturbing book but one that deserves a broad readership. * Science and Theology News *Although this thesis is not new, readers will learn from the detail [Krimsky] presents and from his juxtaposition of a broad range of examples. Bringing together a wealth of evidence from investigative journalism, government reports, and peer-reviewed articles, Krimsky shows that these conflicts of interest are not isolated incidents but form a widespread, increasing pattern. * Nature Medicine *Shrewd, unsparing, and never shrill, this book ought to be obligatory reading for anyone who values the role that science plays in the political life of the United States. With a scholar's care and an idealist's unswerving allegiance to unfettered scientific inquiry, Krimsky explores the true public cost of the transformation of university-based research into a tool of commercial self-interest. * American Scientist *The message of this book is relevant to most of us. Because this subject is important, and because Krimsky's writing is clear, there is little to criticize. This vision of what academia has been and what it could continue to be is reason enough to read what Krimsky has to say. * JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association *A must-read for UK science minister Lord Sainsbury. * Ecologist *Krimsky has written an important and provocative book. Science in the Private Interest should generate fruitful debate about systematic responses to the dangers of research commercialization in the life sciences. * Academe *I know of no better account of the profound issues regarding the interface between the academic mission and the industrial world than that given by Krimsky. * The Quarterly Review Of Biology *In lucid, well-documented discussions, liberally enhanced by appropriate case studies, Sheldon Krimsky shows us how bias and conflict of interest may arise in various forms. * New Jersey Medicine *Table of ContentsPart 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Introduction Chapter 3 Stories of the Unholy Alliance Chapter 4 University-Industry Collaborations Chapter 5 Knowledge as Property Chapter 6 The Changing Ethos of Science Chapter 7 The Redemption of Federal Advisory Committees Chapter 8 Professors Incorporated Chapter 9 Conflicts of Interest Chapter 10 A Question of Bias Chapter 11 The Scientific Journals Chapter 12 The Demise of Public Science Chapter 13 Prospects for a New Moral Sensibility in Academia Chapter 14 Conclusion: Reinvesting in Public Interest Science
£55.85
Rowman & Littlefield Crosscultural Biotechnology A Reader
Book SynopsisWhat is biotechnology? What are its goals? Are there global benefits, or are there more perils than promises? Why is it that the poor remain poor? This book exposes biotechnology within a global context and challenges us to cultivate a shared humane vision. Part one outlines major global issues and international policies. Here we see the ubiquitous tension between commercialization and equitable access. The need for global partnership is clear. Part two examines specific biotechnological challenges in various cultures: genetic research in the U.S.A.; genetic testing and regulatory concerns in Canada; embryonic research in Europe; overcoming past legacies in the former Soviet republic; Jewish and Islamic perspectives on biotechnologies; food security issues in Africa; Confucianism in Asia; and the role of indigenous cultures. Part three explores global challenges: the need to balance intellectual property rights and fair access; the need for media sensitivity to cultural contexts; finally, the need to better understand and prepare for bioterrorism. Although western voices still dominate the discussion, it is time to listen to other viewpoints from other cultures. This book embraces a global voice and message: Cross-cultural bridge-building is needed now, more than ever.Trade ReviewThis is a fascinating collection of essays for two reasons. It covers an extraordinarily broad range of issues at the forefront of contemporary bioethical debates. It also articulates among cultural diversities what are shared values in applications of biotechnology across cultural, political, and religious boundaries. -- Henk ten Have, Division of Ethics of Science and Technology, UNESCOTable of ContentsPart 1 Introduction: The Need for Cross-Cultural Considerations in Biotechnology Part 2 International Overviews and Policies Chapter 3 Commercialization and Benefit-Sharing of Biotechnology: Cross-Cultural Concerns? Chapter 4 The International Human Genome Project: An Overview Chapter 5 Ethical and Legal Aspects of Biotechnology Part 6 Specific Challenges in Cultures and Nations Chapter 7 The Ethics and Policy Issues in Creating a Stem Cell Donor: A Case Study in Reproductive Genetics Chapter 8 Optimizing Safety and Benefits of Genetic Testing: A Look at the Canadian Policy Chapter 9 Experimentation on Human Embryos: The Bioethical Discussion in Europe with Special Attention to Austria and Germany Chapter 10 The Cultural Challenge of Biotechnology in Post-Communist Europe Chapter 11 Why Is This Gene Different from All Other Genes? The Jewish Approach to Biotechnology Chapter 12 Islamic Perspectives on Biotechnology Chapter 13 Agricultural Biotechnology in African Countries Chapter 14 Autonomy, Humane Medicine, and Research Ethics: An East Asian Perspective Chapter 15 Indigenous Knowledge, Patenting, and the Biotechnology Industry Part 16 Specific Global Challenges Chapter 17 Cross-Cultural Issues in Balancing Patent Rights and Consumer Access to Biotechnological and Pharmaceutical Inventions Chapter 18 Media, Biotechnology, and Culture Chapter 19 Tricksters, The Plague, and Mirrors: Biotechnology, Bioterrorism, and Justice
£111.00
EMC Paradigm,US Biotechnology Science for the New Millennium Text
Book SynopsisDesigned for introductory courses, this complete program teaches the concepts and hands-on lab procedures required for entry-level careers in the rapidly growing biotechnology industry. The textbook and lab manual can be used together or separately, depending on the desired course format.
£133.20
CABI Publishing Agricultural Biotechnology
Book SynopsisFollowing on from earlier titles in this series, this volume presents further material generated by the World Bank/ISNAR/Australian government biotechnology study.It covers the present status and future prospects for the application of biotechnology to solve agricultural and environmental problems in a number of developing countries. Particular focus is given on to developments that have taken place over the last decade.Table of ContentsSection One: Background papers 1: Biotechnology for bankers 2: Classifying biotechnologies Section Two: Plant production and agricultural microbiology 3: Plant production: introduction 4: Agricultural microbiology: introduction 5: Plant breeding 6: Agricultural diagnostics 7: Insect and disease resistance 8: Biocontrol of insects and weeds 9: Beneficial micro-organisms 10: Microbial bioprocessing Section Three: Forestry 11: Forestry Section Four: Livestock and fisheries 12: Animal production 13: Animal health 14: Aquaculture Section Five: Commodity impact studies 15: Annual vegetable oil crops 16: Perennial vegetable oil crops 17: Banana and plantain 18: Cassava 19: Coffee and cocoa 20: Potato 21: Wheat Section Six: Policy Issues 22: Socio-economic impact 23: Sociological impact 24: Regulating release of organisms 25: Intellectual property management 26: Role of the private sector 27: Commercial prospects 28: Infrastructural requirements 29: Role of the international agricultural research centres 30: Issues for national agricultural research systems 31: Educational needs 32: Issues for the World Bank Section Seven: Epilogue 33: Issues for international development agencies
£237.40
CABI Publishing Bioconversion of Forest and Agricultural Plant
Book SynopsisDuring the last six years one of the most productive of the International Energy Agency (IEA) networks on renewable energy, has been the network entitled Biotechnology for the conversion of Lignocellulosics. One of the reasons for the success of the network has been the interaction of molecular biologists, microbiologists, chemists, engineers, etc., all working together on the technical and economic aspects of biomass conversion of ethanol. The authors of the various chapters in this book are part of this network and were selected for their familiarity with either a specific step of a bioconversion process or for their ability to assess the technical and economic aspects of the overall process. The chapters describe the technical advances that have been made in the various process steps, and also indicate the probable configuration of a biomass to ethanol plant. This book will interest researchers, engineers and industrialists.Table of Contents1: Fermentation of pentoses from wood hydrolysates 2: Structure/activity relationships in cellulases 3: Substrate factors limiting enzyme hydrolysis 4: Saccharification and fermentation of cellulosic substrates to ethanol 5: Pentose fermentation to alcohol 6: Production of sugars from ligno- and cellulosics: Basic research and pilot studies 7: Economic analyses of integrating a biomass to ethanol plant into a pulp/saw mill 8: Substrate analysis of forest and agricultural wastes 9: Stream pretreatment of lignocellulosics 10: Hemicellulases for industrial applications 11: Cellulase production 12: Simulation of processes for conversion of lignocellulosics
£245.09
CABI Publishing Biotechnology Revolution in Global Agriculture
Book SynopsisBiotechnology processes are fundamentally changing the nature of the products being produced in the industry. Canola has been developed in Canada through such processes. It is a type of rapeseed that has an enhanced level of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, thus producing a healthier oil for human consumption. It is now being introduced to many other countries. This book reviews for the first time the global canola sector in order to identify fundamental trends resulting from the adoption of biotechnology. It examines the canola sector over an extended period, looking at: - its local origins- regional growth and international expansion- analyses of public policy affecting commercialisation- estimates of the costs and benefits of changes.It is essential reading for government and industry researchers and students involved in the areas of agricultural economics, plant biotechnology and crop science.Table of Contents1: Introduction and overview 2: Approaches and measurement of innovation 3: An introduction to the history of canola and the scientific basis for innovation 4: Innovation in the canola sector 5: The evolving industry 6: Industrial development and collective action 7: The role of public sector institutions 8: The role of private firm 9: The impact of location on production 10: Why regulate the market? 11: Regulating discovery 12: Regulating domestic markets 13: Regulation international trade in knowledge based products 14: The theory of the gains to research 15: The aggregate gains from research 16: Distributing the gains from research 17: Lessons for the future
£187.83
CABI Publishing Securing the Harvest
Book SynopsisImproved food security, led by increased productivity among Africa's many small-scale farmers, has been the aim of significant national and international effort in recent decades.This book grew out of a two-year exploration conducted by the food security theme of The Rockefeller Foundation focusing on the potential for crop genetic improvement to contribute to food security among rural populations in Africa. It provides a critical assessment of the ways in which recent breakthroughs in biotechnology, participatory plant breeding, and seed systems can be broadly employed in developing and delivering more productive crop varieties in Africa's diverse agricultural environments.Table of ContentsPart 1: Biotechnology, Breeding and Seed Systems for African Crops: Re-thinking a 10,000-year-old challenge 1: Introduction and Summary 2: The Challenge 3: The Roots of Hunge 4: Breeding - Between an Art and a Science 5: Biotechnology: Expanded Possibilities 6: Seed Systems: Reaching the Poor in Numbers 7: Conclusions Part 2: Exploring New Strategies for Improving Africa’s Food Crops 8: Maize 9: Sorghum 10: Pearl Millet 11: Rice 12: Cowpea 13: Cassava 15: Banana
£132.07
CABI Publishing Market Development for Genetically Modified Foods
Book SynopsisThe investment climate for firms producing genetically modified (GM) agricultural products has recently experienced considerable change, with the occurrence of remarkably high rate of farmer acceptance, but considerable consumer resistance. The present system that involves firms developing biotech products, farmers producing the products, food and related agribusiness industrial firms, and consumers of food, is very volatile. This however will soon be affected by changes in reulatory, trade and food safety regimes.This book addresses these key issues and is based on papers presented at the fourth meeting of The International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research (ICABR), on Economics of Agricultural Biotechnology, held at Ravello, Italy, in August 2000. Organized in four parts, this volume focuses on:Consumer reactions to GM food informationRegulatory issuesFarmer acceptance of biotech productsChanges in industrial organization in life science and food sectorsTable of Contents1: Introduction 2: A Way Forward for Frankenstein Foods Part I: Evaluating Consumer Attitudes to GM Foods 3: A Comparison of Consumer Attitudes Toward Genetically Modified Food in Ireland and the United States:A Case Study Over Time 4: Differences in Public Acceptance Between Generic and Premium Branded GM Food Products: An Analytical Model 5: Is European Consumers' Refusal of GM Food a Serious Obstacle or a Transient Fashion? 6: Estimates of WTP Premium for Non-GM Foods - A Survey 7: A Consumer Based Approach Towards New Product Development Through Biotechnology in the Agro-Food Sector Part II: Acceptance by Farmers of Biotech Products 8: The Impact of Bovine Somatotropin on Farm Profits 9: The Importance of Feed Management Technologies in the Decision to Adopt Bovine Somatotropin (bST): An Application to California Dairy Producers 10: The Potential Effect of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rbST) on World Dairying 11: Gains to Yield Increasing Research in the Evolving Canadian Canola Research Industry 12: Determinants of GMO Use: A Survey of Iowa Corn-Soybean Farmers' Acreage Allocation 13: Estimating Adoption of GMO Soybeans and Corn: A Case Study of Ohio, USA 14: Ex-ante Economic Assessment of Adopting Genetically Engineered Crops in Finland 15: Biotechnology, Farm Management and Local Agricultural Development Part III: The Role of Information Systems and of Associated Regulatory Developments 16: Public Acceptance of and Benefits from Agricultural Biotechnology: A Key Role for Verifiable Information 17: Science and Regulation: Assessing the Impacts of Incomplete Institutions and Information in the Global Agricultural Biotechnology Industry 18: Quantifying Scientific Risk Communications of Agrobiotechnology 19: Time Series Analysis of Risk Frames in media Communication of Agrobiotechnology 20: Case Study in Benefits and Risks of Agricultural Biotechnology: Roundup Ready Soybeans 21: Labelling for GM Foods: Theory and Practice 22: Estimating the Costs of Segregation for Nonbiotech Corn and Soybeans 23: Endogenous Demand and Optimal Product Regulation: The Case of Agricultural Biotechnology Part IV: Industry Structure Issues 24: Tobin's q and the Value of Agriceutical Firms 25: The Structure of the European Agro-Food Biotechnology Industry: Are Strategic Alliances Here to Stay? 26: Market Structure in Biotechnology: Implications for Long-Run Comparative Advantage 27: Biotechnology in the Supply Chain: Managing a Product Differentiating Technology
£208.16
CABI Publishing Seeds of Concern
Book SynopsisThis book makes a significant contribution to the debate about the applications and implications of gene technology from the perspective of a plant biologist. It is written in an accessible way and therefore will be appropriate for non-specialists and the more general reader, as well as students and others in plant breeding and biotechnology. The author is a well-known Australian botanist, who has written or edited several previous books on both academic and popular topics in plant science. In this book he addresses questions such as:How are genetically modified plants producedWhich breeding goals are worthwhile?Can the escape of transferred genes be controlled?Who is monitoring the unexpected effects of gene transfer?Will GM plants ever be acceptable to organic growers?Table of Contents1: Introduction: Cells, genes and chromosomes 2: How genetically modified plants are produced 3: The hazards of herbicide-resistant plants 4: Setting priorities for plant improvement 5: Proposals with nutritional, medical or utilitarian goals 6: Environmental and health impacts of genetically modified plants 7: Intellectual property issues 8: Impacts of genetically modified plants in the third world 9: Loose ends
£91.59
John Wiley & Sons Inc An Introduction to Bioreactor Hydrodynamics and
Book SynopsisReviews and compares the major types of bioreactors, defines their pros and cons, and identifies research needs and figures of merit that have yet to be addressed Describes common modes of operation in bioreactors Covers the three common bioreactor types, including stirred-tank bioreactors, bubble column bioreactors, and airlift bioreactors Details less common bioreactors types, including fixed bed bioreactors and novel bioreactor designs Discusses advantages and disadvantages of each bioreactor and provides a procedure for optimal bioreactor selection based on current process needs Reviews the problems of bioreactor selection globally while considering all bioreactor options rather than concentrating on one specific bioreactor type Table of Contents1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 MODES OF OPERATION 3 2.1 Batch Bioreactors 3 2.2 Continuous Bioreactors 9 2.3 Summary 15 3 GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER MODELS 17 4 EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 28 4.1 Measuring Bioreactor Hydrodynamic Characteristics 28 4.1.1 Flow regime measurements 29 4.1.2 Local pressure drop 30 4.1.3 Mixing or residence time 32 4.1.4 Axial diffusion coefficient 33 4.1.5 Gas-liquid interfacial area 34 4.1.6 Bubble size and velocity 35 4.1.7 Global and local liquid velocity 37 4.1.8 Gas holdup 40 4.1.8.1 Bed expansion 41 4.1.8.2 Pressure drop measurements 41 4.1.8.3 Dynamic gas disengagement (DGD) 46 4.1.8.4 Tomographic techniques 47 4.1.9 Liquid holdup 50 4.1.10 Power measurements 51 4.2 Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer 53 4.2.1 Dissolved oxygen measurement techniques 54 4.2.1.1 Chemical method 54 4.2.1.2 Volumetric method 56 4.2.1.3 Tubing method 56 4.2.1.4 Optode method 57 4.2.1.5 Electrochemical electrode method 58 4.2.1.5.1 Polarographic electrodes 59 4.2.1.5.2 Galvanic probes 61 4.2.1.5.3 Electrochemical electrode time constant 61 4.2.1.5.4 Electrochemical electrode response time (τe) 64 4.2.1.5.5 Electrochemical electrode response models 66 4.2.1.5.6 Summary of electrochemical electrode response models 72 4.2.2 Dissolved carbon monoxide measurements 72 4.2.2.1 Bioassay overview 74 4.2.2.2 Needed materials 75 4.2.2.3 Liquid sample collection 76 4.2.2.4 Identifying the concentrated myoglobin solution concentration 77 4.2.2.5 Sample preparation for analysis 78 4.2.2.6 Determining the dissolved CO concentration 79 4.2.3 Determining volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, kLa 80 4.2.3.1 Gas balance method 81 4.2.3.2 Dynamic method 82 4.2.3.2.1 Biological dynamic method 82 4.2.3.2.2 Non-biological dynamic method 85 4.2.3.2.3 Variations of the inlet step change 86 4.2.3.2.4 Dynamic method drawbacks 91 4.2.3.3 Chemical sorption methods 92 4.2.3.3.1 Sulfite oxidation method 92 4.2.3.3.2 The hydrazine method 94 4.2.3.3.3 Peroxide method 95 4.2.3.3.4 Carbon dioxide absorption method 95 4.3 Summary 95 5 MODELING BIOREACTORS 97 5.1 Multiphase Flow CFD Modeling 97 5.1.1 Governing equations for gas-liquid flows 100 5.1.2 Turbulence modeling 101 5.1.3 Interfacial momentum exchange 104 5.1.4 Bubble pressure model 105 5.1.5 Bubble-induced turbulence 106 5.1.6 Modeling bubble size distribution 107 5.2 Biological Process Modeling 109 5.2.1 Simple bioprocess models 111 5.3 Summary 113 6 STIRRED TANK BIOREACTORS 114 6.1 Introduction 114 6.2 Stirred Tank Reactor Flow Regimes 116 6.2.1 Radial Flow Impellers 117 6.2.2 Axial Flow Impellers 122 6.3 Effects of Impeller Design and Arrangement 127 6.3.1 Radial Flow Impellers 129 6.3.2 Axial flow impellers 134 6.3.3 Multiple Impeller Systems 139 6.3.4 Surface Aeration 148 6.3.5 Self-Inducing Impellers 150 6.4 Superficial Gas Velocity 152 6.5 Power Input 155 6.6 Baffle Design 158 6.7 Sparger Design 161 6.7.1 Axial Flow Impellers 162 6.7.2 Radial Flow Impellers 164 6.8 Microbial Cultures 165 6.9 Correlation Forms 172 6.10 Summary 184 7 BUBBLE COLUMN BIOREACTORS 191 7.1 Introduction 191 7.2 Flow Regimes 194 7.3 Column Geometry 202 7.3.1 Column Diameter 202 7.3.2 Unaerated Liquid Height 205 7.3.3 Aspect Ratio 206 7.4 Other Operating Conditions 207 7.4.1 Pressure 207 7.4.2 Temperature 210 7.4.3 Viscosity 212 7.4.4 Surface Tension and Additives 213 7.5 Gas Distributor Design 215 7.6 Correlations 221 7.7 Needed Bubble Column Research 226 7.8 Summary 227 8 AIRLIFT BIOREACTORS 243 8.1 Introduction 243 8.2 Circulation Regimes 247 8.3 Configuration 253 8.3.1 Bioreactor Height 255 8.3.2 Area Ratio 258 8.3.3 Gas Separator 261 8.3.4 Internal-Loop Airlift Bioreactor 266 8.3.5 External-Loop Airlift Bioreactor 268 8.4 Sparger Design 272 8.5 Correlations 277 8.6 Needed Research 280 8.7 Summary 284 9 FIXED BED BIOREACTORS 295 9.1 Introduction 295 9.2 Column Geometry and Components 299 9.3 Flow Regime 307 9.4 Liquid Properties 314 9.5 Packing Material 316 9.5.1 Random Packing 319 9.5.2 Structured Packing 321 9.6 Biological Considerations 324 9.7 Correlations 325 9.8 Needed Research 327 9.9 Summary 328 10 NOVEL BIOREACTORS 333 10.1 Introduction 333 10.2 Novel Bubble-Induced Flow Designs 333 10.3 Miniaturized Bioreactors 341 10.3.1 Microreactors 343 10.3.2 Nanoreactors 348 10.4 Membrane Reactor 349 10.5 Summary 353 11 FIGURES OF MERIT 355 12 CONCLUDING REMARKS 363 13 NOMENCLATURE 367 Abbreviations 375 Greek Symbols 377 Dimensionless numbers 379 14 BIBLIOGRAPHY 382
£85.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc BioCeramics with Clinical Applications
Book SynopsisThis publication offers a unique approach that links the materials science of bioceramics to clinical needs and applications.Providing a structured account of this highly active area of research, the book reviews the clinical applications in bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, joint replacement, drug-delivery systems and biomimetism, this book is an ideal resource for materials scientists and engineers, as well as for clinicians.From the contents:Part I Introduction1. Bioceramics2. Biomimetics Part II Materials 3. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics4. Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses5. Silica-based Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica6. Alumina, Zirconia, and Other Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics7. Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine Part III Material Shaping 8. Cements9. Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants10. Scaffold Designing Part IV Research on Future CeraTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xv Part I Introduction 1 1. Bioceramics 3 María Vallet-Regí 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Reactivity of the Bioceramics 4 1.3 First, Second, and Third Generations of Bioceramics 6 1.4 Multidisciplinary Field 7 1.5 Solutions for Bone Repairing 8 1.6 Biomedical Engineering 13 Recommended Reading 15 2. Biomimetics 17 María Vallet-Regí 2.1 Biomimetics 17 2.2 Formation of Hard Tissues 18 2.3 Biominerals versus Biomaterials 19 Recommended Reading 22 Part II Materials 23 3. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics 25 Daniel Arcos 3.1 History of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials 25 3.2 Generalities of Calcium Phosphates 26 3.3 In vivo Response of Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics 28 3.4 Calcium Hydroxyapatite-Based Bioceramics 30 3.4.1 Stoichiometric Hydroxyapatite (HA) 31 3.4.2 Calcium Deficient Hydroxyapatites (CDHA) 37 3.4.3 Carbonated Hydroxyapatites (CHA) 39 3.4.4 Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) 40 3.4.5 Hydroxyapatites of Natural Origin 45 3.5 Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Bioceramics 50 3.5.1 -Tricalcium Phosphate (-TCP) 50 3.5.2 -Tricalcium Phosphate (-TCP) 53 3.6 Biphasic Calcium Phosphates (BCP) 55 3.6.1 Chemical and Structural Properties 55 3.6.2 Preparation Methods 56 3.6.3 Clinical Applications 56 3.7 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 57 3.7.1 General Properties and Scope of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 57 3.7.2 Preparation Methods of CaP Nanoparticles 58 3.7.3 Clinical Applications 60 3.8 Calcium Phosphate Advanced Biomaterials 60 3.8.1 Scaffolds for in situ Bone Regeneration and Tissue Engineering 60 3.8.2 Drug Delivery Systems 62 References 65 4. Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses 73 Antonio J. Salinas 4.1 Introduction 73 4.1.1 What Is a Glass? 73 4.1.2 Properties of Glasses 75 4.1.3 Structure of Glasses 75 4.1.4 Synthesis of Glasses 76 4.2 Glasses as Biomaterials 78 4.2.1 First Bioactive Glasses (BGs): Melt-Prepared Glasses (MPGs) 79 4.2.2 Other Bioactive MPGs 80 4.2.3 Bioactivity Index and Network Connectivity 80 4.2.4 Mechanism of Bioactivity 81 4.3 Increasing the Bioactivity of Glasses: New Methods of Synthesis 82 4.3.1 Sol–Gel Glasses (SGGs) 82 4.3.2 Composition, Texture, and Bioactivity of SSGs 84 4.3.3 Biocompatibility of SGGs 86 4.3.4 SGGs as Bioactivity Accelerators in Biphasic Materials 86 4.3.5 Template Glasses (TGs) Bioactive Glasses with Ordered Mesoporosity 88 4.3.6 Atomic Length Scale in BGs: How the Local Structure Affects Bioactivity 91 4.3.7 New Reformulation of Hench’s Mechanism for TGs 93 4.3.8 Including Therapeutic Inorganic Ions in the Glass Composition 94 4.4 Strengthening and Adding New Capabilities to Bioactive Glasses 95 4.4.1 Glass Ceramics (GCs) 95 4.4.2 Composites Containing Bioactive Glasses 97 4.4.3 Sol–Gel Organic–Inorganic Hybrids (O-IHs) 98 4.5 Non-silicate Glasses 99 4.5.1 Phosphate Glasses 99 4.5.2 Borate Glasses 100 4.6 Clinical Applications of Glasses 101 4.6.1 Bioactive Silica Glasses 101 4.6.2 Inert Silica Glasses 106 4.6.3 Phosphate Glasses 106 4.6.4 Borate Glasses 107 Recommended Reading 107 5. Silica-based Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica 109 Montserrat Colilla 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2 Discovery of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas 110 5.3 Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas 111 5.3.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis 112 5.3.2 Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA) Method 119 5.4 Mechanisms of Mesostructure Formation 119 5.5 Tuning the Structural Properties of Mesoporous Silicas 122 5.5.1 Micellar Mesostructure 123 5.5.2 Type of Mesoporous Structure 128 5.5.3 Mesopore Size 131 5.6 Structural Characterization of Mesoporous Silicas 132 5.7 Synthesis of Spherical Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 135 5.7.1 Aerosol-Assisted Synthesis 136 5.7.2 Modified Stöber Method 137 5.8 Organic Functionalization of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas 138 5.8.1 Post-synthesis Functionalization (“Grafting”) 139 5.8.2 Co-condensation (“One-Pot” Synthesis) 140 5.8.3 Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas 141 References 141 6. Alumina, Zirconia, and Other Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics 153 Juan Peña López 6.1 A Perspective on the Clinical Application of Alumina and Zirconia 153 6.1.1 Alumina 155 6.1.2 Zirconia 158 6.2 Novel Strategies Based on Alumina and Zirconia Ceramics 160 6.2.1 From Alumina Toughened Zirconia to Alumina Matrix Composite 160 6.2.2 Introduction of Different Species in Zirconia 161 6.2.3 Improvement of Surface Adhesion 162 6.3 Non-oxidized Ceramics 163 6.3.1 Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) 163 6.3.2 Silicon Carbide (SiC) 164 References 164 7. Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine 175 Mercedes Vila 7.1 Introduction 175 7.2 Carbon Allotropes 175 7.2.1 Pyrolytic Carbon 176 7.2.2 Carbon Fibers 177 7.2.3 Fullerenes 177 7.2.4 Carbon Nanotubes 179 7.2.5 Graphene 181 7.2.6 Diamond and Amorphous Carbon 184 7.3 Carbon Compounds 186 7.3.1 Silicon Carbide 186 7.3.2 Boron Carbide 187 7.3.3 Tungsten Carbide 188 References 188 Part III Material Shaping 193 8. Cements 195 Oscar Castaño and Josep A. Planell Abbreviations 195 Glossary 196 8.1 Introduction 197 8.1.1 Brief History 197 8.1.2 Definition and Chemistry 199 8.1.3 Description of the Different CaP Cements 200 8.1.4 State of the Art 201 8.2 Calcium Phosphate Cements 206 8.2.1 Types 206 8.2.2 Mechanisms 206 8.2.3 Relevant Experimental Variables 207 8.2.4 Material Characterization 211 8.2.5 Reaction Evolution of Cements 220 8.2.6 Additives and Strategies to Enhance Properties 222 8.2.7 Biological Characterization and Bioactive Behavior 224 8.3 Applications 229 8.3.1 Bone Defect Repair 229 8.3.2 Drug Delivery Systems 232 8.4 Future Trends 232 8.5 Conclusions 233 References 234 9. Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants 249 M. Victoria Cabañas 9.1 Introduction 249 9.2 Methods to Modify the Surface of an Implant 250 9.2.1 Deposited Coatings 251 9.2.2 Conversion Coatings 257 9.3 Bioactive Ceramic Coatings 258 9.3.1 Clinical Applications 259 9.3.2 Calcium Phosphates-Based Coatings 260 9.3.3 Silica-based Coatings: Glass and Glass-Ceramics 268 9.3.4 Bioactive Ceramic Layer Formation on a Metallic Substrate 270 9.4 Bioinert Ceramic Coatings 272 9.4.1 Titanium Nitride and Zirconia Coatings 273 9.4.2 Carbon-based Coatings 275 References 279 10. Scaffold Designing 291 Isabel Izquierdo-Barba 10.1 Introduction 291 10.2 Essential Requirements for Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 293 10.3 Scaffold Processing Techniques 296 10.3.1 Foam Scaffolds 297 10.3.2 Rapid Prototyping Scaffolds 301 10.3.3 Electrospinning Scaffolds 305 References 307 Part IV Research on Future Ceramics 315 11. Bone Biology and Regeneration 317 Soledad Pérez-Amodio and Elisabeth Engel 11.1 Introduction 317 11.2 The Skeleton 318 11.3 Bone Remodeling 320 11.4 Bone Cells 322 11.4.1 Bone Lining Cells 322 11.4.2 Osteoblasts 323 11.4.3 Osteocytes 323 11.4.4 Osteoclasts 324 11.5 Bone Extracellular Matrix 327 11.6 Bone Diseases 327 11.6.1 Osteoporosis 328 11.6.2 Paget’s Disease 329 11.6.3 Osteomalacia 329 11.6.4 Osteogenesis Imperfecta 329 11.7 Bone Mechanics 329 11.8 Bone Tissue Regeneration 333 11.8.1 Calcium Phosphate and Silica-based Bioceramics 333 11.8.2 Bioactive Glasses 334 11.8.3 Calcium Phosphate Cements 335 11.9 Conclusions 336 References 336 12. Ceramics for Drug Delivery 343 Miguel Manzano 12.1 Introduction 343 12.2 Drug Delivery 344 12.3 Drug Delivery from Calcium Phosphates 346 12.3.1 Drug Delivery from Hydroxyapatite 346 12.3.2 Drug Delivery from Tricalcium Phosphates 348 12.3.3 Drug Delivery from Calcium Phosphate Cements 348 12.4 Drug Delivery from Silica-based Ceramics 351 12.4.1 Drug Delivery from Glasses 351 12.4.2 Drug Delivery from Mesoporous Silica 355 12.5 Drug Delivery from Carbon Nanotubes 363 12.6 Drug Delivery from Ceramic Coatings 365 References 366 13. Ceramics for Gene Transfection 383 Blanca González 13.1 Gene Transfection 383 13.2 Gene Transfection Based on Nonviral Vectors 386 13.3 Ceramic Nanoparticles for Gene Transfection 388 13.3.1 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles 391 13.3.2 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 393 13.3.3 Carbon Allotropes (Fullerenes, CNTs, Graphene Oxide) 397 13.3.4 Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 403 References 410 14. Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment 421 Alejandro Baeza 14.1 Delivery of Nanocarriers to Solid Tumors 421 14.1.1 Special Issues of Tumor Vasculature: Enhanced Permeation and Retention Effect (EPR) 422 14.1.2 Tumor Microenvironment 423 14.2 Ceramic Nanoparticle Pharmacokinetics in Cancer Treatment 424 14.2.1 Biodistribution and Excretion/Clearance Pathways 424 14.2.2 Toxicity of the Ceramic Nanoparticles 426 14.3 Cancer-targeted Therapy 428 14.3.1 Endocytic Mechanism of Targeted Drug Delivery 428 14.3.2 Specific Tumor Active Targeting 430 14.3.3 Angiogenesis-associated Active Targeting 432 14.4 Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment 434 14.4.1 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 434 14.4.2 Calcium Phosphates Nanoparticles 440 14.4.3 Carbon Allotropes 440 14.4.4 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Hyperthermia 442 14.5 Imaging and Theranostic Applications 443 References 446 Index 457
£89.25
John Wiley & Sons Inc Nano and Cell Mechanics
Book SynopsisResearch in nano and cell mechanics has received much attention from the scientific community as a result of society needs and government initiatives to accelerate developments in materials, manufacturing, electronics, medicine and healthcare, energy, and the environment. Engineers and scientists are currently engaging in increasingly complex scientific problems that require interdisciplinary approaches. In this regard, studies in this field draw from fundamentals in atomistic scale phenomena, biology, statistical and continuum mechanics, and multiscale modeling and experimentation. As a result, contributions in these areas are spread over a large number of specialized journals, which prompted the Editors to assemble this book. Nano and Cell Mechanics: Fundamentals and Frontiers brings together many of the new developments in the field for the first time, and covers fundamentals and frontiers in mechanics to accelerate developments in nano- and bio-technologies. Table of ContentsAbout the Editors xiii List of Contributors xv Foreword xix Series Preface xxi Preface xxiii Part One BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA 1 Cell–Receptor Interactions 3 David Lepzelter and Muhammad Zaman 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Mechanics of Integrins 4 1.3 Two-Dimensional Adhesion 7 1.4 Two-Dimensional Motility 9 1.5 Three-Dimensional Adhesion 11 1.6 Three-Dimensional Motility 12 1.7 Apoptosis and Survival Signaling 13 1.8 Cell Differentiation Signaling 13 1.9 Conclusions 14 References 15 2 Regulatory Mechanisms of Kinesin and Myosin Motor Proteins: Inspiration for Improved Control of Nanomachines 19 Sarah Rice 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Generalized Mechanism of Cytoskeletal Motors 19 2.3 Switch I: A Controller of Motor Protein and G Protein Activation 21 2.4 Calcium-Binding Regulators of Myosins and Kinesins 23 2.5 Phospho-Regulation of Kinesin and Myosin Motors 262.6 Cooperative Action of Kinesin and Myosin Motors as a “Regulator” 28 2.7 Conclusion 29 References 30 3 Neuromechanics: The Role of Tension in Neuronal Growth and Memory 35 Wylie W. Ahmed, Jagannathan Rajagopalan, Alireza Tofangchi, and Taher A. Saif 3.1 Introduction 35 3.1.1 What is a Neuron? 36 3.1.2 How Does a Neuron Function? 38 3.1.3 How Does a Neuron Grow? 40 3.2 Tension in Neuronal Growth 41 3.2.1 In Vitro Measurements of Tension in Neurons 41 3.2.2 In Vivo Measurements of Tension in Neurons 43 3.2.3 Role of Tension in Structural Development 45 3.3 Tension in Neuron Function 48 3.3.1 Tension Increases Neurotransmission 48 3.3.2 Tension Affects Vesicle Dynamics 48 3.4 Modeling the Mechanical Behavior of Axons 52 3.5 Outlook 58 References 58 Part Two NANOSCALE PHENOMENA 4 Fundamentals of Roughness-Induced Superhydrophobicity 65 Neelesh A. Patankar 4.1 Background and Motivation 65 4.2 Thermodynamic Analysis: Classical Problem (Hydrophobic to Superhydrophobic) 67 4.2.1 Problem Formulation 68 4.2.2 The Cassie–Baxter State 71 4.2.3 Predicting Transition from Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel State 73 4.2.4 The Apparent Contact Angle of the Drop 77 4.2.5 Modeling Hysteresis 79 4.3 Thermodynamic Analysis: Classical Problem (Hydrophilic to Superhydrophobic) 84 4.4 Thermodynamic Analysis: Vapor Stabilization 86 4.5 Applications and Future Challenges 90 Acknowledgments 91 References 91 5 Multiscale Experimental Mechanics of Hierarchical Carbon-Based Materials 95 Horacio D. Espinosa, Tobin Filleter, and Mohammad Naraghi 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Multiscale Experimental Tools 97 5.2.1 Revealing Atomic-Level Mechanics: In-Situ TEM Methods 98 5.2.2 Measuring Ultralow Forces: AFM Methods 101 5.2.3 Investigating Shear Interactions: In-Situ SEM/AFM Methods 102 5.2.4 Collective and Local Behavior: Micromechanical Testing Methods 103 5.3 Hierarchical Carbon-Based Materials 106 5.3.1 Weak Shear Interactions between Adjacent Graphitic Layers 106 5.3.2 Cross-linking Adjacent Graphitic Layers 110 5.3.3 Local Mechanical Properties of CNT/Graphene Composites 113 5.3.4 High Volume Fraction CNT Fibers and Composites 115 5.4 Concluding Remarks 120 References 123 6 Mechanics of Nanotwinned Hierarchical Metals 129 Xiaoyan Li and Huajian Gao 6.1 Introduction and Overview 129 6.1.1 Nanotwinned Materials 130 6.1.2 Numerical Modeling of Nanotwinned Metals 132 6.2 Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Nanotwinned Materials 134 6.2.1 Structure of Coherent Twin Boundary 134 6.2.2 Microstructures of Nanotwinned Materials 135 6.2.3 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Nanotwinned Metals 137 6.3 Deformation Mechanisms in Nanotwinned Metals 145 6.3.1 Interaction between Dislocations and Twin Boundaries 146 6.3.2 Strengthening and Softening Mechanisms in Nanotwinned Metals 147 6.3.3 Fracture of Nanotwinned Copper 155 6.4 Concluding Remarks 156 References 157 7 Size-Dependent Strength in Single-Crystalline Metallic Nanostructures 163 Julia R. Greer 7.1 Introduction 163 7.2 Background 164 7.2.1 Experimental Foundation 164 7.2.2 Models 167 7.3 Sample Fabrication 170 7.3.1 FIB Approach 170 7.3.2 Directional Solidification and Etching 172 7.3.3 Templated Electroplating 173 7.3.4 Nanoimprinting 173 7.3.5 Vapor–Liquid–Solid Growth 174 7.3.6 Nanowire Growth 175 7.4 Uniaxial Deformation Experiments 175 7.4.1 Nanoindenter-Based Systems (Ex Situ) 176 7.4.2 In-Situ Systems 176 7.5 Discussion and Outlook on Size-Dependent Strength in Single-Crystalline Metals 178 7.5.1 Cubic Crystals 178 7.5.2 Non-Cubic Single Crystals 183 7.6 Conclusions and Outlook 184 References 185 Part Three EXPERIMENTATION 8 In-Situ TEM Electromechanical Testing of Nanowires and Nanotubes 193 Horacio D. Espinosa, Rodrigo A. Bernal, and Tobin Filleter 8.1 Introduction 193 8.1.1 Relevance of Mechanical and Electromechanical Testing for One-Dimensional Nanostructures 194 8.1.2 Mechanical and Electromechanical Characterization of Nanostructures: The Need for In-Situ TEM 196 8.2 In-Situ TEM Experimental Methods 197 8.2.1 Overview of TEM Specimen Holders 199 8.2.2 Methods for Mechanical and Electromechanical Testing of Nanowires and Nanotubes 200 8.2.3 Sample Preparation for TEM of One-Dimensional Nanostructures 208 8.3 Capabilities of In-Situ TEM Applied to One-Dimensional Nanostructures 212 8.3.1 HRTEM 212 8.3.2 Diffraction 216 8.3.3 Analytical Techniques 217 8.3.4 In-Situ Specimen Modification 218 8.4 Summary and Outlook 220 Acknowledgments 221 References 221 9 Engineering Nano-Probes for Live-Cell Imaging of Gene Expression 227 Gang Bao, Brian Wile, and Andrew Tsourkas 9.1 Introduction 227 9.2 Molecular Probes for RNA Detection 229 9.2.1 Fluorescent Linear Probes 229 9.2.2 Linear FRET Probes 232 9.2.3 Quenched Auto-ligation Probes 233 9.2.4 Molecular Beacons 234 9.2.5 Dual-FRET Molecular Beacons 236 9.2.6 Fluorescent Protein-Based Probes 237 9.3 Probe Design, Imaging, and Biological Issues 239 9.3.1 Specificity of Molecular Beacons 239 9.3.2 Fluorophores, Quenchers, and Signal-to-Background 241 9.3.3 Target Accessibility 242 9.4 Delivery of Molecular Beacons 244 9.4.1 Microinjection 245 9.4.2 Cationic Transfection Agents 245 9.4.3 Electroporation 245 9.4.4 Chemical Permeabilization 246 9.4.5 Cell-Penetrating Peptide 246 9.5 Engineering Challenges and Future Directions 248 Acknowledgments 249 References 249 10 Towards High-Throughput Cell Mechanics Assays for Research and Clinical Applications 255 David R. Myers, Daniel A. Fletcher, and Wilbur A. Lam 10.1 Cell Mechanics Overview 255 10.1.1 Cell Cytoskeleton and Cell-Sensing Overview 256 10.1.2 Forces Applied by Cells 259 10.1.3 Cell Responses to Force and Environment 260 10.1.4 General Principles of Combined Mechanical and Biological Measurements 261 10.2 Bulk Assays 262 10.2.1 Microfiltration 262 10.2.2 Rheometry 264 10.2.3 Ektacytometry 266 10.2.4 Parallel-Plate Flow Chambers 267 10.3 Single-Cell Techniques 268 10.3.1 Micropipette Aspiration 268 10.3.2 Atomic Force Microscopy 270 10.3.3 Microplate Stretcher 272 10.3.4 Optical Tweezers 273 10.4 Existing High-Throughput Cell Mechanical-Based Assays 274 10.4.1 Optical Stretchers 274 10.4.2 Traction Force Microscopy via Bead-Embedded Gels 275 10.4.3 Traction Force Microscopy via Micropost Arrays 275 10.4.4 Substrate Stretching Assays 277 10.4.5 Magnetic Twisting Cytometry 277 10.4.6 Microfluidic Pore and Deformation Assays 278 10.5 Cell Mechanical Properties and Diseases 280 References 284 11 Microfabricated Technologies for Cell Mechanics Studies 293 Sri Ram K. Vedula, Man C. Leong, and Chwee T. Lim 11.1 Introduction 293 11.2 Microfabrication Techniques 294 11.2.1 Photolithography and Soft Lithography 294 11.2.2 Microphotopatterning (μPP) 297 11.3 Applications to Cell Mechanics 298 11.3.1 Micropatterned Substrates 298 11.3.2 Micropillared Substrates 301 11.3.3 Microfluidic Devices 304 11.4 Conclusions 307 References 307 Part Four MODELING 12 Atomistic Reaction Pathway Sampling: The Nudged Elastic BandMethod and Nanomechanics Applications 313 Ting Zhu, Ju Li, and Sidney Yip 12.1 Introduction 313 12.1.1 Reaction Pathway Sampling in Nanomechanics 314 12.1.2 Extending the Time Scale in Atomistic Simulation 314 12.1.3 Transition-State Theory 315 12.2 The NEB Method for Stress-Driven Problems 315 12.2.1 The NEB method 315 12.2.2 The Free-End NEB Method 317 12.2.3 Stress-Dependent Activation Energy and Activation Volume 320 12.2.4 Activation Entropy and Meyer–Neldel Compensation Rule 322 12.3 Nanomechanics Case Studies 324 12.3.1 Crack Tip Dislocation Emission 324 12.3.2 Stress-Mediated Chemical Reactions 326 12.3.3 Bridging Modeling with Experiment 327 12.3.4 Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependence of Dislocation Nucleation 329 12.3.5 Size and Loading Effects on Fracture 330 12.4 A Perspective on Microstructure Evolution at Long Times 332 12.4.1 Sampling TSP Trajectories 333 12.4.2 Nanomechanics in Problems of Materials Ageing 334 References 336 13 Mechanics of Curvilinear Electronics 339 Shuodao Wang, Jianliang Xiao, Jizhou Song, Yonggang Huang, and John A. Rogers 13.1 Introduction 339 13.2 Deformation of Elastomeric Transfer Elements during Wrapping Processes 342 13.2.1 Strain Distribution in Stretched Elastomeric Transfer Elements 342 13.2.2 Deformed Shape of Elastomeric Transfer Elements 344 13.3 Buckling of Interconnect Bridges 347 13.4 Maximum Strain in the Circuit Mesh 351 13.5 Concluding Remarks 355 Acknowledgments 355 References 355 14 Single-Molecule Pulling: Phenomenology and Interpretation 359 Ignacio Franco, Mark A. Ratner, and George C. Schatz 14.1 Introduction 359 14.2 Force–Extension Behavior of Single Molecules 360 14.3 Single-Molecule Thermodynamics 364 14.3.1 Free Energy Profile of the Molecule Plus Cantilever 365 14.3.2 Extracting the Molecular Potential of Mean Force φ(ξ ) 366 14.3.3 Estimating Force–Extension Behavior from φ(ξ ) 369 14.4 Modeling Single-Molecule Pulling Using Molecular Dynamics 370 14.4.1 Basic Computational Setup 370 14.4.2 Modeling Strategies 371 14.4.3 Examples 373 14.5 Interpretation of Pulling Phenomenology 376 14.5.1 Basic Structure of the Molecular Potential of Mean Force 377 14.5.2 Mechanical Instability 378 14.5.3 Dynamical Bistability 381 14.6 Summary 384 Acknowledgments 385 References 385 15 Modeling and Simulation of Hierarchical Protein Materials 389 Tristan Giesa, Graham Bratzel, and Markus J. Buehler 15.1 Introduction 389 15.2 Computational and Theoretical Tools 391 15.2.1 Molecular Simulation from Chemistry Upwards 391 15.2.2 Mesoscale Methods for Modeling Larger Length and Time Scales 392 15.2.3 Mathematical Approaches to Biomateriomics 394 15.3 Case Studies 400 15.3.1 Atomistic and Mesoscale Protein Folding and Deformation in Spider Silk 400 15.3.2 Coarse-Grained Modeling of Actin Filaments 402 15.3.3 Category Theoretical Abstraction of a Protein Material and Analogy to an Office Network 403 15.4 Discussion and Conclusion 406 Acknowledgments 406 References 406 16 Geometric Models of Protein Secondary-Structure Formation 411 Hendrik Hansen-Goos and Seth Lichter 16.1 Introduction 411 16.2 Hydrophobic Effect 412 16.2.1 Variable Hydrogen-Bond Strength 415 16.3 Prior Numerical and Coarse-Grained Models 415 16.4 Geometry-Based Modeling: The Tube Model 416 16.4.1 Motivation 416 16.4.2 Impenetrable Tube Models 417 16.4.3 Including Finite-Sized Particles Surrounding the Protein 419 16.4.4 Models Using Real Protein Structure 421 16.5 Morphometric Approach to Solvation Effects 422 16.5.1 Hadwiger’s Theorem 422 16.5.2 Applications 424 16.6 Discussion, Conclusions, Future Work 429 16.6.1 Results 429 16.6.2 Discussion and Speculations 430 Acknowledgments 433 References 433 17 Multiscale Modeling for the Vascular Transport of Nanoparticles 437 Shaolie S. Hossain, Adrian M. Kopacz, Yongjie Zhang, Sei-Young Lee, Tae-Rin Lee, Mauro Ferrari, Thomas J.R. Hughes, Wing Kam Liu, and Paolo Decuzzi 17.1 Introduction 437 17.2 Modeling the Dynamics of NPs in the Macrocirculation 438 17.2.1 The 3D Reconstruction of the Patient-Specific Vasculature 439 17.2.2 Modeling the Vascular Flow and Wall Adhesion of NPs 440 17.2.3 Modeling NP Transport across the Arterial Wall and Drug Release 440 17.3 Modeling the NP Dynamics in the Microcirculation 448 17.3.1 Semi-analytical Models for the NP Transport 449 17.3.2 An IFEM for NP and Cell Transport 452 17.4 Conclusions 456 Acknowledgments 456 References 457 Index 461
£107.00
John Wiley and Sons Ltd PacsBased Multimedia Imaging Informatics
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsForeword 1 xxix Foreword 2 xxxi Foreword 3 xxxiii Preface to the Third Edition xxxv Preface to the Second Edition xxxix Acknowledgments xliii H.K. Huang Short Biography xlv List of Acronyms xlvii Part 1 The Beginning: Retrospective 1 1 Medical Imaging, PACS and Imaging Informatics: Retrospective 3 PART I TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PIONEERS 4 1.1 Medical Imaging 4 1.2 PACS and its Development 8 1.3 Key Technologies: Computer and Software, Storage, and Communication Networks 15 1.4 Key Technologies: Medical Imaging Related 17 PART II COLLABORATIONS AND SUPPORTS 22 1.5 Collaboration with Government Agencies, Industry and Medical Imaging Associations 22 1.6 Medical Imaging Informatics 29 1.7 Summary 32 1.8 Acknowledgments 34 References 35 Part 2 Medical Imaging, Industrial Guidelines, Standards, and Compliance 37 2 Digital Medical Imaging 39 2.1 Digital Medical Imaging Fundamentals 39 2.2 Two-Dimensional Medical Imaging 46 2.3 Three-Dimensional Medical Imaging 55 2.4 Four-Dimensional, Multimodality, and Fusion Imaging 78 2.5 Image Compression 85 Further Reading 93 3 PACS Fundamentals 97 3.1 PACS Components and Network 97 3.2 PACS Infrastructure Design Concept 101 3.3 Generic PACS-Based Multimedia Architecture and Workflow 103 3.4 PACS-Based Architectures 105 3.5 Communication and Networks 110 Further Reading 121 4 Industrial Standards: Health Level 7 (HL7), Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) 123 4.1 Industrial Standards 124 4.2 The Health Level 7 (HL7) Standard 124 4.3 From ACR-NEMA to DICOM 127 4.4 DICOM 3.0 Standard 129 4.5 Examples of Using DICOM 136 4.6 DICOM Organizational Structure and New Features 138 4.7 IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise) 142 4.8 Some Operating Systems and Programming Languages useful to HL7, DICOM and IHE 151 4.9 Summary of Industrial Standards: HL7, DICOM and IHE 153 References 153 Further Reading 154 5 DICOM-Compliant Image Acquisition Gateway and Integration of HIS, RIS, PACS and ePR 155 5.1 DICOM Acquisition Gateway 156 5.2 DICOM-Compliant Image Acquisition Gateway 157 5.3 Automatic Image Data Recovery Scheme for DICOM Conformance Device 162 5.4 Interface PACS Modalities with the Gateway Computer 164 5.5 DICOM Compliance PACS Broker 166 5.6 Image Preprocessing and Display 167 5.7 Clinical Operation and Reliability of the Gateway 168 5.8 Hospital Information System (HIS), Radiology Information System (RIS), and PACS 169 References 178 6 Web-Based Data Management and Image Distribution 179 6.1 Distributed Image File Server: PACS-Based Data Management 179 6.2 Distributed Image File Server 179 6.3 Web Server 181 6.4 Component-based Web Server for Image Distribution and Display 183 6.5 Performance Evaluation 188 6.6 Summary of PACS Data Management and Web]based Image Distribution 189 Further Reading 189 7 Medical Image Sharing for Collaborative Healthcare Based on IHE XDS-I Profile 191 7.1 Introduction 192 7.2 Brief Description of IHE XDS/XDS-I Profiles 193 7.3 Pilot Studies of Medical Image Sharing and Exchanging for a Variety of Healthcare Services 194 7.4 Results 206 7.5 Discussion 209 Acknowledgements 212 References 212 Part 3 Informatics, Data Grid, Workstation, Radiotherapy, Simulators, Molecular Imaging, Archive Server, and Cloud Computing 215 8 Data Grid for PACS and Medical Imaging Informatics 217 8.1 Distributed Computing 217 8.2 Grid Computing 219 8.3 Data Grid 222 8.4 Fault-Tolerant Data Grid for PACS Archive and Backup, Query/Retrieval, and Disaster Recovery 226 References 230 Further Reading 230 9 Data Grid for Clinical Applications 233 9.1 Clinical Trials and the Data Grid 233 9.2 Dedicated Breast MRI Enterprise Data Grid 239 9.3 Administrating the Data Grid 247 9.4 Summary 250 References 251 Further Reading 251 10 Display Workstations 253 10.1 PACS-Based Display Workstation 254 10.2 Various Types of Image Workstation 260 10.3 Image Display and Measurement Functions 263 10.4 Workstation Graphic User Interface (GUI) and Basic Display Functions 267 10.5 DICOM PC-Based Display Workstation Software 269 10.6 Post-Processing Workflow, PACS-Based Multidimensional Display, and Specialized Post-Processing Workstation 276 10.7 DICOM-Based Workstations in Progress 277 References 289 11 Multimedia Electronic Patient Record (EPR) System in Radiotherapy (RT) 291 11.1 Multimodality 2-D and 3-D Imaging in Radiotherapy 292 11.2 Multimedia ePR System in Radiation Treatment 298 11.3 Radiotherapy Planning and Treatment 301 11.4 Radiotherapy Workflow 302 11.5 The ePR Data Model and DICOM-RT Objects 303 11.6 Infrastructure, Workflow and Components of the Multimedia ePR in RT 306 11.7 Database Schema 309 11.8 Graphical User Interface Design 311 11.9 Validation of the Concept of Multimedia ePR System in RT 312 11.10 Advantages of the Multimedia ePR system in RT for Daily Clinical Practice 319 11.11 Use of the Multimedia ePR System in RT For Image-Assisted Knowledge Discovery and Decision Making 320 11.12 Summary 321 Acknowledgement 321 References 321 12 PACS-Based Imaging Informatics Simulators 325 12.1 Why Imaging Informatics Simulators? 326 12.2 PACS–ePR Simulator 328 12.3 Data Grid Simulator 329 12.4 CAD–PACS Simulator 331 12.5 Radiotherapy (RT) ePR Simulator 335 12.6 Image]assisted Surgery (IAS) ePR Simulator 338 12.7 Summary 344 Acknowledgements 344 References 344 13 Molecular Imaging Data Grid (MIDG) 347 13.1 Introduction 348 13.2 Molecular Imaging 348 13.3 Methodology 351 13.4 Results 358 13.5 Discussion 360 13.6 Summary 361 Acknowledgements 361 References 362 14 A DICOM-Based Second-Generation Molecular Imaging Data Grid (MIDG) with the IHE XDS-i Integration Profile 365 14.1 Introduction 366 14.2 Methodology 369 14.3 System Implementation 371 14.4 Data Collection and Normalization 375 14.5 System Performance 378 14.6 Data Transmission, MIDG Implementation, Workflow and System Potential 380 14.7 Summary 383 Acknowledgements 386 References 386 15 PACS-Based Archive Server and Cloud Computing 389 15.1 PACS-Based Multimedia Biomedical Imaging Informatics 390 15.2 PACS-Based Server and Archive 390 15.3 PACS-Based Archive Server System Operations 396 15.4 DICOM-Compliant PACS-Based Archive Server 397 15.5 DICOM PACS-Based Archive Server Hardware and Software 399 15.6 Backup Archive Server and Data Grid 400 15.7 Cloud Computing and Archive Server 403 Acknowledgements 414 References 414 Part 4 Multimedia Imaging Informatics, Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Image-Guide Decision Support, Proton Therapy, Minimally Invasive Multimedia Image-Assisted Surgery, Big Data 417 Prologue – Chapters 16, 17 and 18 417 16 DICOM-Based Medical Imaging Informatics and CAD 419 16.1 Computer]Aided Diagnosis (CAD) 420 16.2 Integration of CAD with PACS-Based Multimedia Informatics 425 16.3 The CAD–PACS Integration Toolkit 429 16.4 Data Flow of the three CAD–PACS Editions Integration Toolkit 432 References 433 Further Reading 434 17 DICOM-Based CAD: Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage and Multiple Sclerosis 435 17.1 Computer]Aided Detection (CAD) of Small Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage on CT of the brain 435 17.2 Development of the CAD Algorithm for AIH on CT 436 17.3 CAD-PACS Integration 452 17.4 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on MRI 456 References 461 Further Reading 461 18 PACS-Based CAD: Digital Hand Atlas and Bone Age Assessment of children 463 18.1 Average Bone Age of a Child 464 18.2 Bone Age Assessment of Children 466 18.3 Method of Analysis 473 18.4 Integration of CAD with PACS-Based Multimedia Informatics for Bone Age Assessment of Children: The CAD System 479 18.5 Validation of the CAD and the Comparison of CAD Result with Radiologists’ Assessment 483 18.6 Clinical Evaluation of the CAD System for Bone Age Assessment (BAA) 489 18.7 Integrating CAD for Bone Age Assessment with Other Informatics Systems 493 18.8 Research and Development Trends in CAD–PACS Integration 497 Acknowledgements 499 References 499 Further Reading 500 19 Intelligent ePR System for Evidence-Based Research in Radiotherapy 503 19.1 Introduction 503 19.2 Proton Therapy Clinical Workflow and Data 506 19.3 Proton Therapy ePR System 508 19.4 System Implementation 511 19.5 Results 512 19.6 Conclusion and Discussion 520 Acknowledgements 522 References 522 20 Multimedia Electronic Patient Record System for Minimally Invasive Image]Assisted Spinal Surgery 525 20.1 Integration of Medical Diagnosis with Image]Assisted Surgery Treatment 526 20.2 Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Workflow 535 20.3 Multimedia ePR System for Image]Assisted MISS Workflow and Data Model 536 20.4 ePR MISS System Architecture 538 20.5 Pre-Op Authoring Module 543 20.6 Intra-Op Module 547 20.7 Post-Op Module 553 20.8 System Deployment, User Training and Support 554 20.9 Summary 557 References 557 21 From Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery to Integrated Image-Assisted Surgery in Translational Medicine 559 21.1 Introduction 560 21.2 Integrated Image-Assisted Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery 561 21.3 IIA-MISS EMR System Evaluation 565 21.4 To Fulfill some Translational Medicine Aims 569 21.5 Summary 571 21.6 Contribution from Colleagues 572 Acknowledgement 572 References 572 22 Big Data in PACS-Based Multimedia Medical Imaging Informatics 575 22.1 Big Data in PACS-Based Multimedia Medical Imaging Informatics 575 22.2 Characters and Challenges of Medical Image Big Data 577 22.3 Possible and Potential Solutions of Big Data in DICOM PACS-Based Medical Imaging and Informatics 581 22.4 Research Projects Related to Medical Imaging Big Data 586 22.5 Summary of Big Data 587 Acknowledgements 588 References 588 Index 591
£157.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment Design
Book SynopsisThe only comprehensive and authoritative reference guide to the ASME Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment (BPE) standard This is a companion guide to the ASME Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment (BPE) Standard and explains what lies behind many of the requirements and recommendations within that industry standard. Following an introductory narrative to the Standard''s early history, industry related codes and standards are explained; the design and engineering aspects cover construction materials, both metallic and nonmetallic; then components, fabrication, assembly and installation of piping systems are explored. Examination, Inspection and Testing then precede the ASME BPE certification process, concluding with a discussion on system design. The author draws on many years'' experience and insights from first-hand involvement in the field of industrial piping design, engineering, construction, and management, which includes the bioprocessing industry. The reader wTable of ContentsList of Figures xx List of Tables xxix List of Forms xxxi Series Preface xxxii Preface xxxiii Acknowledgments lxxvii About the Author lxxx 1 Introduction, Scope, and General Requirements of the BPE 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Scope of the ASME BPE Standard 2 1.3 Intent of the BPE Standard 6 1.4 ASME B31.3 Chapter X 7 1.5 Terms and Definitions 8 1.6 Quality Assurance 11 1.6.1 Documentation 13 1.7 An Essential Understanding of Codes and Standards 17 1.8 Source of BPE Content 20 1.8.1 Government Regulations 20 1.8.2 Generally Accepted Principals and Practices of the Industry 21 1.8.3 Research and Testing Done by the BPE Membership 21 1.9 ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code Chapter X 22 1.9.1 B31.3 Chapter X as Supplement to the Base Code 23 1.9.2 Harmonization of the BPE Standard and B31.3 Chapter X 24 2 Materials 25 2.1 Scope of this Chapter 25 2.2 Materials of Construction 25 2.3 Metallic Materials 26 2.3.1 Understanding ASTM Material Designations 27 2.3.2 Stainless Steel 36 2.3.3 The World of Crystallography 37 2.3.4 Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREn) 42 2.3.5 Alloying Constituents in Austenitic Stainless Steel 45 2.3.6 Dual Certified Stainless Steels 46 2.3.7 So Why 316L Stainless Steel? 47 2.4 Nonmetallic Materials 49 2.4.1 What Are Nonmetallic Materials? 49 2.4.2 Extractables and Leachables 52 2.4.3 Single]Use Systems and Components 54 2.5 Surface Finish 57 2.6 Rouge 63 2.6.1 Class I Rouge 64 2.6.2 Class II Rouge 65 2.6.3 Class III Rouge 66 2.6.4 Background on Rouge 68 2.6.5 Source of Rouge 69 2.7 Electropolishing 70 2.7.1 Irregularities or Flaws in Electropolishing 74 2.8 Passivation 76 3 Process Components 81 3.1 Process Components 81 3.2 Pressure Ratings 81 3.2.1 Pressure Ratings of Welded Components 81 3.2.2 Pressure Ratings and Other Fundamentals of Hygienic Clamp Joint Unions 86 3.3 Hygienic Clamp and Automatic Tube Weld Fittings 89 3.4 Sanitary Valves 101 3.5 Seals 102 3.6 Instruments 105 3.6.1 Coriolis Flow Meter 106 3.6.2 Radar Level Instruments 106 3.6.3 Pressure Instruments 106 3.6.4 Temperature Instruments 106 3.6.5 Analytical Instruments 106 3.6.6 Optical Devices 107 4 Fabrication, Assembly, and Installation 108 4.1 Scope and Introduction to this Chapter 108 4.1.1 Scope 108 4.1.2 Introduction 108 4.2 Fabrication 111 4.2.1 Fabrication Drawings and Spool Pieces 111 4.3 Fabrication of Metallic Tubing 116 4.3.1 Welding Documentation and Retention 116 4.3.2 Welding for Piping Systems 119 4.4 Fabrication of Nonmetallic Piping and Tubing 126 4.4.1 Fabrication of Polymeric Components 126 4.5 Assembly and Installation 131 4.5.1 General 131 4.5.2 Characteristics of the Hygienic Clamp Joint 131 4.6 The Piping Installation Process 140 4.6.1 Field Assembly and Installation (Stick Built) 140 4.6.2 As]Built and Other Drawings 142 4.6.3 Skid or Module Fabrication 144 5 Examination, Inspection, and Testing 147 5.1 Examination, Inspection, and Testing 147 5.2 Examination 148 5.2.1 Weld Examination 150 5.3 Inspection 153 5.4 Leak Testing of Piping 155 6 Equipment and Component Quality 157 6.1 Assured Quality 157 6.2 BPE Certification 157 6.3 A Quality Management System 161 6.4 Purpose 164 7 Design 166 7.1 BPE Scope of Design 166 7.2 Intent of Part SD 167 7.3 It’s a Bug’s Life 168 7.3.1 Perspective on Bacteria 168 7.4 A Preamble to Design 177 7.4.1 Undeveloped Subject Matter 177 7.4.2 Containment 177 7.4.3 Working with BPE and B31.3 180 7.4.4 Fabrication 183 7.4.5 Materials of Construction 185 7.4.6 Cleanability and Drainability 186 7.4.7 Bioprocessing System Boundaries 186 7.5 Design 186 7.5.1 The System 187 8 BPE Appendices 202 8.1 Mandatory and Nonmandatory Appendices 202 8.2 Mandatory Appendices 203 8.2.1 Mandatory Appendix I: Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the BPE Committee 203 8.2.2 Mandatory Appendix II: Standard Units 204 8.3 Nonmandatory Appendices 204 8.3.1 Nonmandatory Appendix A—Commentary: Slag 204 8.3.2 Nonmandatory Appendix B: Material and Weld Examination/Inspection Documentation 204 8.3.3 Nonmandatory Appendix C: Slope Measurement 204 8.3.4 Nonmandatory Appendix D: Rouge and Stainless Steel 204 8.3.5 Nonmandatory Appendix E: Passivation Procedure Qualification 205 8.3.6 Nonmandatory Appendix F: Corrosion Testing 205 8.3.7 Nonmandatory Appendix G: Ferrite 205 8.3.8 Nonmandatory Appendix H: Electropolishing Procedure Qualification 205 8.3.9 Nonmandatory Appendix I: Vendor Documentation Requirements for New Instruments 206 8.3.10 Nonmandatory Appendix J: Standard Process Test Conditions (SPTC) for Seal Performance Evaluation 206 8.3.11 Nonmandatory Appendix K: Standard Test Methods for Polymers 206 8.3.12 Nonmandatory Appendix L: Spray Device Coverage Testing 207 8.3.13 Nonmandatory Appendix M—Commentary: 316L Weld Heat]Affected Zone Discoloration Acceptance Criteria 207 8.3.14 Nonmandatory Appendix N: Guidance When Choosing Polymeric and Nonmetallic Materials 207 8.3.15 Nonmandatory Appendix O: General Background/Useful Information for Extractables and Leachables 207 8.3.16 Nonmandatory Appendix P: Temperature Sensors and Associated Components 208 8.3.17 Nonmandatory Appendix Q: Instrument Receiving, Handling, and Storage 208 8.3.18 Nonmandatory Appendix R: Application Data Sheet 208 8.3.19 Nonmandatory Appendix S—Polymer Applications: Chromatography Columns 208 8.3.20 Nonmandatory Appendix T: Guidance for the Use of US Customary and SI Units 208 Appendices Appendix A Cleaning and Leak Testing Procedure 209 Appendix B Biotechnology Inspection Guide Reference Materials and Training Aids 251 Appendix C Guide to Inspections of High Purity Water Systems 286 Appendix D Guide to Inspections of Lyophilization of Parenterals 304 Appendix E Guide to Inspections and Validation of Cleaning Processes 322 Appendix F Guide to Inspections of Dosage Form Drug Manufacturer’s—CGMPR’s 331 Appendix G Guide to Inspections Oral Solutions and Suspensions 349 Appendix H Guide to Inspections of Sterile Drug Substance Manufacturers 356 Appendix J Guide to Inspections of Topical Drug Products 366 Appendix K BPE History—Letters and Notes 375 Appendix L Component Dimensions 420 Further Reading 440 Index 445
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Bioanalysis
Book SynopsisA comprehensive reference on biochemistry, bioimaging, bioanalysis, and therapeutic applications of carbon nanomaterials Carbon nanomaterials have been widely applied for biomedical applications in the past few decades, because of their unique physical properties, versatile functionalization chemistry, and biological compatibility. This book provides background knowledge at the entry level into the biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials, focusing on three applications: bioimaging, bioanalysis, and therapy. Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis and Therapy begins with a general introduction to carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications, including a discussion about the pros and cons of various carbon nanomaterials for the respective therapeutic applications. It then goes on to cover fluorescence imaging; deep tissue imaging; photoacoustic imaging; pre-clinical/clinical bioimaging applications; carbon nanomaterial sensors for canceTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Series Preface xix Preface xxi Part I Basics of Carbon Nanomaterials 1 1 Introduction to Carbon Structures 3 Meng-Chih Su and Yuen Yung Hui 1.1 Carbon Age 3 1.2 Classification 4 1.3 Fullerene 4 1.4 Carbon Nanotubes 6 1.4.1 Structure 6 1.4.2 Electronics 8 1.5 Graphene 10 1.5.1 Structure 10 1.5.2 Electronics 11 1.6 Nanodiamonds and Carbon Dots 12 Acknowledgment 13 References 13 2 Using Polymers to Enhance the Carbon Nanomaterial Biointerface 15 Goutam Pramanik, Jitka Neburkova, Vaclav Vanek, Mona Jani, Marek Kindermann, and Petr Cigler 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Colloidal Stability of CNMs 16 2.3 Functionalization of CNMs with Polymers 18 2.3.1 Noncovalent Approaches 18 2.3.2 Covalent Approaches 18 2.4 Influence of Polymers on the Spectral Properties of CNMs 19 2.5 Functionalizing CNMs with Antifouling Polymers for Bioapplications 22 2.6 Functionalization of CNMs with Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers 26 2.6.1 Carbon Nanoparticles with Thermoresponsive Polymers 27 2.6.2 pH‐Responsive Carbon Nanoparticles 27 2.6.3 Redox‐Responsive Carbon Nanoparticles 28 2.6.4 Multi‐Responsive Carbon Nanoparticles 28 2.7 Functionalization of CNMs with Polymers for Delivery of Nucleic Acids 29 2.8 Outlook 32 Acknowledgments 34 References 34 3 Carbon Nanomaterials for Optical Bioimaging and Phototherapy 43 Haifeng Dong and Yu Cao 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Surface Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials 43 3.3 Carbon Nanomaterials for Optical Imaging 45 3.3.1 Intrinsic Fluorescence of Carbon Nanomaterials 45 3.3.2 Imaging Utilizing Intrinsic Fluorescence Features of Carbon Nanomaterials 46 3.3.3 Imaging with Fluorescently Labeled Carbon Nanomaterials 51 3.4 Carbon Nanomaterials for Phototherapies of Cancer 51 3.4.1 Photothermal Therapy 52 3.4.2 Photodynamic Therapy 53 3.5 Conclusions and Outlook 56 References 56 Part II Bioimaging and Bioanalysis 63 4 High‐Resolution and High‐Contrast Fluorescence Imaging with Carbon Nanomaterials for Preclinical and Clinical Applications 65 John Czerski and Susanta K. Sarkar 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Survey of Carbon Nanomaterials 66 4.2.1 Fluorescent Nanodiamonds 66 4.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes 66 4.2.3 Graphene 69 4.2.4 Carbon Nanodots 69 4.3 Fluorescent Properties of FNDs and SWCNTs 69 4.3.1 FNDs 69 4.3.2 SWCNTs 71 4.4 Survey of High‐Resolution and High‐Contrast Imaging 71 4.4.1 General Considerations for Eventual Human Use 71 4.4.2 General Considerations for Achieving High‐Resolution and High‐Contrast Imaging 72 4.4.2.1 Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) 72 4.4.2.2 X‐ray Computed Tomographic (CT) Imaging 73 4.4.2.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 73 4.4.2.4 Image Alignment and Drift Correction 74 4.4.3 Preclinical and Clinical Optical Imaging with CNMs 74 4.4.4 Optical Imaging in the Short‐Wavelength Window (~650–950 nm) 74 4.4.4.1 Optical Imaging beyond the Diffraction Limit 75 4.4.4.2 Selective Modulation of Emission 75 4.4.4.3 Time‐Gated Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging 77 4.4.5 Optical Imaging in the Long‐Wavelength Window (~950–1400 nm) 77 4.5 Conclusions 78 References 79 5 Carbon Nanomaterials for Deep‐Tissue Imaging in the NIR Spectral Window 87 Stefania Lettieri and Silvia Giordani 5.1 Introduction 87 5.1.1 Transparent Optical Windows in Biological Tissue 87 5.1.2 Near‐Infrared Imaging Materials 88 5.2 Carbon Nanomaterials for NIR Imaging 89 5.2.1 Biocompatibility of CNMs 90 5.2.2 Fluorescence of CNMs Probes 91 5.2.3 Covalent and Noncovalent Functionalization 91 5.2.4 CNMs as Bioimaging Platforms 91 5.2.4.1 Fullerene 91 5.2.4.2 Carbon Nanotubes 93 5.2.4.3 Graphene Derivatives 99 5.2.4.4 Carbon Dots 100 5.2.4.5 Carbon Nano-onions 102 5.2.4.6 Nanodiamonds 104 5.3 Conclusions and Outlook 105 Acknowledgments 106 References 106 6 Tracking Photoluminescent Carbon Nanomaterials in Biological Systems 115 Simon Haziza, Laurent Cognet, and François Treussart Chapter Summary 115 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Tracking Cells in Organisms with Fluorescent Nanodiamonds 116 6.3 Monitoring Inter and Intra Cellular Dynamics with Fluorescent Nanodiamonds 120 6.4 Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Near‐Infrared Optical Probe of the Nanoscale Extracellular Space in Live Brain Tissue 127 6.5 Conclusion 131 References 132 7 Photoacoustic Imaging with Carbon Nanomaterials 139 Seunghyun Lee, Donghyun Lee, and Chulhong Kim Chapter Summary 139 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Photoacoustic Imaging Systems 140 7.2.1 Photoacoustic Microscopy 141 7.2.2 Photoacoustic Computed Tomography 142 7.3 Photoacoustic Application of Carbon Nanomaterials 145 7.3.1 Carbon Nanomaterials for Photoacoustic Imaging Contrast Agents 146 7.3.2 Carbon Nanomaterials for Multimodal Photoacoustic Imaging 149 7.3.3 Carbon Nanomaterials for Photoacoustic Image‐Guided Therapy 156 7.3.4 Conclusions and Future Perspective 160 Acknowledgments 161 References 162 8 Carbon Nanomaterial Sensors for Cancer and Disease Diagnosis 167 Tran T. Tung, Kumud M. Tripathi, TaeYoung Kim, Melinda Krebsz, Tibor Pasinszki, and Dusan Losic 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 Detection of VOC by Using Gas/Vapor Sensors for Cancer and Disease Diagnosis 169 8.2.1 Carbon Nanodots (CNDs) and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) for VOC Sensors 171 8.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for VOC Sensors 173 8.2.3 Graphene for VOC Sensors 176 8.3 Detection of Biomarkers Using Biosensors for Cancer and Disease Diagnosis 179 8.3.1 Carbon Nanodot‐ and Graphene Quantum Dot‐Based Biosensors for Disease Biomarkers Detection 179 8.3.2 Carbon Nanotube‐Based Biosensors for Cancer Biomarker Detection 182 8.3.3 Carbon Nanotube‐Based Biosensors for Disease Biomarker Detection 186 8.3.4 Graphene‐Based Biosensors for Cancer Biomarker Detection 188 8.3.5 Graphene‐Based Biosensors for Disease Biomarker Detection 190 8.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 192 Acknowledgments 193 References 193 9 Recent Advances in Carbon Dots for Bioanalysis and the Future Perspectives 203 Jessica Fung Yee Fong, Yann Huey Ng, and Sing Muk Ng 9.1 Introduction 203 9.2 Fundamentals of CDs 205 9.2.1 Synthesis Approaches 205 9.2.2 Optical Properties 206 9.2.2.1 Absorbance and Photoluminescence (PL) 206 9.2.2.2 Quantum Yield (QY) 210 9.2.2.3 Photoluminescence Origins 210 9.2.2.4 Up‐Conversion Photoluminescence (UCPL) 211 9.2.2.5 Phosphorescence 212 9.2.3 Physical and Chemical Properties 213 9.2.4 Biosafety Assessments 214 9.3 Bioengineering of CDs for Bioanalysis 216 9.3.1 Functionalization Mechanism and Strategies 216 9.3.1.1 Chemical Functionalization 216 9.3.1.2 Doping 217 9.3.1.3 Coupling with Gold Nanoparticles 217 9.3.1.4 Fabrication onto Solid Polymeric Matrices 218 9.3.2 Biomolecules Grafted on CDs as Sensing Receptors 218 9.3.2.1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 218 9.3.2.2 Aptamers 219 9.3.2.3 Proteins/Peptides 219 9.3.2.4 Biopolymers 220 9.4 Bioanalysis Applications of CDs 221 9.4.1 Biosensing Mechanism/Transduction Schemes 221 9.4.1.1 Fluorescence 222 9.4.1.2 Chemiluminescence (CL) 223 9.4.1.3 Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) 224 9.4.1.4 Electrochemical 224 9.4.2 Uses of CDs in Bioanalysis 225 9.4.2.1 Heavy Metals/Elements 225 9.4.2.2 Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) 226 9.4.2.3 Oligonucleotides 227 9.4.2.4 Small Molecules/Pharmaceutical Drugs/Natural Compounds 228 9.4.2.5 Proteins 230 9.4.2.6 Enzyme Activities and Inhibitor Screening 231 9.4.2.7 pH 232 9.4.2.8 Temperature 234 9.4.3 Solid‐State Sensing for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostic Kits 234 9.4.4 Bioimaging/Real‐Time Monitoring 236 9.4.5 Theranostics 238 9.5 Future Perspectives 240 9.5.1 Better Understanding of PL Mechanisms 240 9.5.2 Establishment of Systematic Synthesis Protocol 241 9.5.3 QY Improvement and Spectral Expansion to Longer Wavelength 241 9.5.4 Sensitivity Improvement for Solid‐State Sensing 242 9.6 Conclusions 242 References 242 Part III Therapy 265 10 Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery 267 Naoki Komatsu 267 10.1 Introduction 267 10.2 Direct Fabrication of Graphene‐Based Composite with Photosensitizer for Cancer Phototherapy 268 10.2.1 Fabrication of Graphene‐Based Composite with Chlorin e6 (G‐Ce6) 268 10.2.2 Characterization of G‐Ce6 268 10.2.3 In vitro Evaluation of G‐Ce6 for Cancer Phototherapy 272 10.3 Polyglycerol‐Functionalized Nanodiamond Conjugated with Platinum‐Based Drug for Cancer Chemotherapy 274 10.3.1 Synthesis of Polyglycerol‐Functionalized Nanodiamond Conjugated with Platinum‐Based Drug and Targeting Peptide 274 10.3.2 Characterization of Polyglycerol‐Functionalized Nanodiamond and the Derivatives 276 10.3.3 In vitro Evaluation of Polyglycerol‐Functionalized Nanodiamond Conjugated with Platinum‐Based Drug for Cancer Chemotherapy 279 10.4 Polyglycerol‐Functionalized Nanodiamond Hybridized with DNA for Gene Therapy 280 10.4.1 Synthesis and Characterization of Polyglycerol‐Functionalized Nanodiamond Conjugated with Basic Polypeptides 280 10.4.2 Characterization of Polyglycerol‐Functionalized Nanodiamond Hybridized with Plasmid DNA 280 10.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 283 Acknowledgments 285 References 285 11 Multifunctional Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy 289 Ayuob Aghanejad, Parinaz Abdollahiyan, Jaleh Barar, and Yadollah Omidi 11.1 Introduction 289 11.2 Multifunctional Graphene‐Based Composites for the Diagnosis/Therapy of Cancer 291 11.2.1 Metal‐Graphene Nanocomposites 292 11.2.1.1 Gold‐Graphene Composites 292 11.2.1.2 Magnetic Graphene Nanocomposites 294 11.2.2 Polymeric Graphene Nanocomposites 295 11.2.3 Graphene Biomaterials for MR Imaging 299 11.3 Multimodal Graphene‐Based Composites for the Radiotherapy of Cancer 300 11.4 Graphene‐Based Nanobiomaterials for Cancer Diagnosis 302 11.5 Conclusion 302 Acknowledgment 303 References 303 12 Carbon Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapies 309 Jiantao Yu, Lingyan Yang, Junyan Yan, Wen‐Cheng Wang, Yi‐Chun Chen, Hung‐Hsiang Chen, and Chia‐Hua Lin 12.1 Introduction 309 12.2 GO for PTT 311 12.2.1 PTT‐Related Physical and Chemical Properties of GO 311 12.2.2 GO for in vitro PTT 312 12.2.3 GO for in vivo PTT 314 12.3 CNTs and CNHs for PTT 314 12.3.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of CNTs and CNHs Related to PTT 315 12.3.2 CNTs and CNHs for in vitro PTT 316 12.3.3 CNTs and CNHs for in vivo PTT 316 12.4 CDs and GDs for PTT 318 12.4.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of CDs and GDs Related to PTT 318 12.4.2 CDs and GDs for in vitro PTT 319 12.4.3 CDs and GDs for in vivo PTT 319 12.5 Fullerenes for PTT 320 12.5.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Fullerenes Related to PTT 320 12.5.2 Fullerenes for in vitro PTT 320 12.5.3 Fullerenes for in vivo PTT 321 12.6 Carbon Nanomaterial‐Based Nanocomposites for PTT 321 12.6.1 GO‐Based Nanocomposites for PTT 322 12.6.2 CNT‐Based Nanocomposites for PTT 323 12.6.3 CD‐ and GD‐Based Nanocomposites for PTT 323 12.7 Carbon Nanomaterial‐Based Combined Therapy with PTT 324 12.7.1 Chemotherapy 324 12.7.2 RT 324 12.7.3 Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) 325 12.7.4 Gene Therapy 325 12.7.5 Immune Therapy 327 12.7.6 Theranostic Applications 328 12.8 Conclusions and Perspectives 329 References 330 Index 341
£125.35
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Cyanobacteria
Book SynopsisWritten by leading experts in the field, Cyanobacteria: An Economic Perspective is a comprehensive edited volume covering all areas of an important field and its application to energy, medicine and agriculture. Issues related to environment, food and energy have presented serious challenge to the stability of nation-states. Increasing global population, dwindling agriculture and industrial production, and inequitable distribution of resources and technologies have further aggravated the problem. The burden placed by increasing population on environment and especially on agricultural productivity is phenomenal. To provide food and fuel to such a massive population, it becomes imperative to find new ways and means to increase the production giving due consideration to biosphere's ability to regenerate resources and provide ecological services. Cyanobacteria are environment friendly resource for commercial production of active biochemicals, drugs and future energyTable of ContentsList of contributors ix Preface xiii About the editors xv Acknowledgements xvii About the book xix Introduction xxi Naveen K. Sharma, Ashwani K. Rai, and Lucas J. Stal About the companion website xxv PART I: BIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF CYANOBACTERIA 1 Chapter 1 Cyanobacteria: biology, ecology and evolution 3 Aharon Oren Chapter 2 Modern classification of cyanobacteria 21 Ji¢§r´©¥ Kom´arek PART II: ECOLOGICAL SERVICES RENDERED BY CYANOBACTERIA 41 Chapter 3 Ecological importance of cyanobacteria 43 Beatriz D´©¥ez and Karolina Ininbergs Chapter 4 Cyanobacteria and carbon sequestration 65 Eduardo Jacob-Lopes, Leila Queiroz Zepka, and Maria Isabel Queiroz Chapter 5 Ecology of cyanobacteria on stone monuments, biodeterioration, and the conservation of cultural heritage 73 Nitin Keshari and Siba Prasad Adhikari PART III: CYANOBACTERIAL PRODUCTS 91 Chapter 6 Therapeutic applications of cyanobacteria with emphasis on their economics 93 Rathinam Raja, Shanmugam Hemaiswarya, Isabel S. Carvalho, and Venkatesan Ganesan Chapter 7 Spirulina: an example of cyanobacteria as nutraceuticals 103 Masayuki Ohmori and Shigeki Ehira Chapter 8 Ultraviolet photoprotective compounds from cyanobacteria in biomedical applications 119 Tanya Soule and Ferran Garcia-Pichel Chapter 9 Cyanobacteria as a ‘‘green’’ option for sustainable agriculture 145 Radha Prasanna, Anjuli Sood, Sachitra Kumar Ratha, and Pawan K. Singh Chapter 10 The economics of cyanobacteria-based biofuel production: challenges and opportunities 167 Naveen K. Sharma and Lucas J. Stal Chapter 11 Cyanobacterial cellulose synthesis in the light of the photanol concept 181 R. Milou Schuurmans, Hans C.P. Matthijs, Lucas J. Stal, and Klaas J. Hellingwerf Chapter 12 Exopolysaccharides from cyanobacteria and their possible industrial applications 197 Giovanni Colica and Roberto De Philippis Chapter 13 Phycocyanins 209 Ruperto Bermejo Chapter 14 Cyanobacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates: an alternative source for plastics 227 Shilalipi Samantaray, Ranjana Bhati, and Nirupama Mallick PART IV: HARMFUL ASPECTS 245 Chapter 15 Costs of harmful blooms of freshwater cyanobacteria 247 David P. Hamilton, Susanna A. Wood, Daniel R. Dietrich, and Jonathan Puddick Chapter 16 Cyanotoxins 257 Jason N. Woodhouse, Melissa Rapadas, and Brett A. Neilan PART V: TOOLS, TECHNIQUES, AND PATENTS 269 Chapter 17 Photobioreactors for cyanobacterial culturing 271 A. Catarina Guedes, Nadpi G. Katkam, Jo˜ao Varela, and Francisco XavierMalcata Chapter 18 Commercial-scale culturing of cyanobacteria: an industrial experience 293 Hiroyuki Takenaka and Yuji Yamaguchi Chapter 19 Engineering cyanobacteria for industrial products 303 Timo H.J. Niedermeyer, Ekaterina Kuchmina, and Annegret Wilde Chapter 20 Cryopreservation of cyanobacteria 319 John G. Day Chapter 21 Patents on cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial products and uses 329 Michael A. Borowitzka Index 339
£113.95
Random House USA Inc A Field Guide to Germs Revised and Updated
Book SynopsisFrom the ravages of the Ebola virus in Zaire to outbreaks of pneumonic plague in India and drug-resistant TB in New York City, contagious diseases are fighting back against once-unconquerable modern medicine. Public concern about infectious disease is on the rise as newspapers trumpet the arrivals of new germs and the reemergence of old ones.In A Field Guide to Germs, Pulitzer Prize-winning science writer Wayne Biddle brings readers face to face with nearly one hundred of the best-known (in terms of prevalence, power, historical importance, or even literary interest) of the myriad pathogens that live in and around the human population. Along with physical descriptions of the organisms and the afflictions they cause, the author provides folklore, philosophy, history, and such illustrations as nineteenth century drawings of plague-induced panic, microscopic photographs of HIV and Ebola, and wartime posters warning servicemen against syphilis and gonorrhea.From chol
£14.40
Twelve Decoding the World: A Roadmap for Our Times
Book Synopsis
£999.99
Basic Books Life as We Made It: How 50,000 Years of Human
Book Synopsis
£22.50
Coach House Books The Xenotext: Book 1
Book Synopsis"Many artists seek to attain immortality through their art, but few would expect their work to outlast the human race and live on for billions of years. As Canadian poet Christian Bök has realized, it all comes down to the durability of your materials."—The Guardian Internationally best-selling poet Christian Bök has spent more than ten years writing what promises to be the first example of "living poetry." After successfully demonstrating his concept in a colony of E. coli, Bök is on the verge of enciphering a beautiful, anomalous poem into the genome of an unkillable bacterium (Deinococcus radiodurans), which can, in turn, "read" his text, responding to it by manufacturing a viable, benign protein, whose sequence of amino acids enciphers yet another poem. The engineered organism might conceivably serve as a post-apocalyptic archive, capable of outlasting our civilization. Book I of The Xenotext constitutes a kind of "demonic grimoire," providing a scientific framework for the project with a series of poems, texts, and illustrations. A Virgilian welcome to the Inferno, Book I is the "orphic" volume in a diptych, addressing the pastoral heritage of poets, who have sought to supplant nature in both beauty and terror. The book sets the conceptual groundwork for the second volume, which will document the experiment itself. The Xenotext is experimental poetry in the truest sense of the term. Christian Bök is the author of Crystallography (1994) and Eunoia (2001), which won the Griffin Poetry Prize. He teaches at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada.Table of Contents1. The Late Heavy Bombardment A long poem about the hellish origins of life on Earth—a series of bombastic firebombs that crescendo, then go quiet: a Virgilian welcome to the Inferno. 2. The March of the Nucleotides A series of poems and texts, which introduce readers to the basics of genetics, with some pastoral material that illustrates many of the thematic premises for the book. 3. Colony Collapse Disorder A long, dark poem that translates Book IV of The Georgics by Virgil—(a “pastoral nocturne,” providing a pretense for retelling the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice). 4. The Virelay of the Amino Acids A long, love poem, whose repetitious incantation emulates and embodies the molecular structure of each of the amino acids (the building materials of life). 5. Alpha Helix A long poem that constitutes a kind of paranoiac catalogue of instances, where helices appear in the most quotidian phenomena, imbuing everything with life.
£13.29
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Glycobiology of the Immune Response, Volume 1253
Book SynopsisCarbohydrates are ubiquitous, essential molecules, as important as nucleic acids and proteins yet less well understood. Mounting data demonstrate that microbial and mammalian glycans and their protein-binding partners (lectins) play central roles in all innate and adaptive immune responses. Indeed, programmed remodeling of host glycans can modulate infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, while microbial glycoconjugates can serve as canonical innate receptor agonists that induce B cell and T cell activation. Glycobiology of the Immune Response explores the integration of state-of-the-art glycobiology and immunology to raise awareness of the multifaceted roles of glycans and lectins in the immune system NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.Trade Review“Glycobiology of the Immune Response explores the integration of state-of-the art glycobiology and immunology to raise awareness of the multifaceted roles of glycans and lectins in the immune system.” (European Journal of Immunology, 1 December 2012) Table of ContentsGlycobiology of immune responses 1 Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Yvette van Kooyk and Brian A. Cobb Multifarious roles of sialic acids in immunity 16 Ajit Varki and Pascal Gagneux Siglecs as sensors of self in innate and adaptive immune responses 37 James C. Paulson, Matthew S. Macauley and Norihito Kawasaki Interleukin-2, Interleukin-7, T cell-mediated autoimmunity, and N-glycosylation 49 Ari Grigorian, Haik Mkhikian and Michael Demetriou T cells modulate glycans on CD43 and CD45 during development and activation, signal regulation, and survival 58 Mary C. Clark and Linda G. Baum Interplay between carbohydrate and lipid in recognition of glycolipid antigens by natural killer T cells 68 Bo Pei, Jose Luis Vella, Dirk Zajonc and Mitchell Kronenberg Gelectins in acute and chronic inflammation 80 Fu-Tong Liu, Ri-Yao Yang and Daniel K. Hsu Mechanisms underlying in vivo polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin responses to intact extracellular bacteria 92 Clifford M. Snapper CD33-related siglecs as potential modulators of inflammatory responses 102 Paul R. Crocker, Sarah J. McMillan and Hannah E. Richards Sulfated glycans control lymphocyte homing 112 Hiroto Kawashima and Minoru Fukuda Acute phase glycoproteins: bystanders or participants in carcinogenesis? 122 Eugene Dempsey and Pauline M. Rudd Glycans, galectins, and HIV-1 infection 133 Sachiko Sato, Michel Ouellet, Christian St-Pierre and Michel J. Tremblay An evolutionary perspective on C-type lectins in infection and immunity 149 Linda M. van den Berg, Sonja I. Gringhuis and Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeck Integrated approach toward the discovery of glycol-biomarkers of inflammation-related diseases 159 Takashi Angata, Reiko Fuijinawa, Ayako Kurimoto, Kazuki Nakajima, Masaki Kato, Shinji Takamatsu, Hiroaki Korekane, Cong-Xiao Gao, Kazuaki Ohtsubo, Shinobu Kitazume and Naoyuki Taniguchi Novel roles for the IgG Fc Glycan 170 Robert M. Anthony, Fredrik Wermeling and Jeffrey V. Ravetch The effect of galectins on leukocyte trafficking in inflammation: sweet or sour? 181 Dianne Cooper, Asif J. Iqbal, Beatrice R, Grittens, Carmela Cervone and Mauro Perretti Engineering cellular trafficking via glycosyltransferase-programmed stereosubstitution 193 Robert Sackstein The expanding role of α2-3 sialylation for leukocyte trafficking in vivo 201 Markus Sperandio Beyond glycoproteins as galectin counterreceptors: effector T cell growth control of tumors via ganglioside GM1 206 Robert W. Ledeen, Gusheng Wu, Sabine André, David Bleich, Guillementte Huet, Herbert Kaltner, Jürgen Kopitz and Hans-Joachim Gabius Online only Polarization of host immune responses by helminth-expressed glycans Donald Harn Jr., Smanla Tundup and Leena Srivastava Carbohydrate-recognition in the immune system: contributions of NGL-based microarrays to ligand discovery Ten Feizi Diversity in recognition of glycans by F-type lectins and galectins: molecular, structural, and biophysical aspects Gerardo R. Vasta, Hafiz Ahmed, Mario A. Bianchet, José A. Fernández-Robledo and L. Mario Amzel
£36.95
