Bioethics Books

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Book SynopsisBioethics is a field of inquiry and as such is fundamentally an epistemic discipline. Knowing how we make moral judgments can bring into relief why certain arguments on various bioethical issues appear plausible to one side and obviously false to the other. Uncertain Bioethics makes a significant and distinctive contribution to the bioethics literature by culling the insights from contemporary moral psychology to highlight the epistemic pitfalls and distorting influences on our apprehension of value. Stephen Napier also incorporates research from epistemology addressing pragmatic encroachment and the significance of peer disagreement to justify what he refers to as epistemic diffidence when one is considering harming or killing human beings. Napier extends these developments to the traditional bioethical notion of dignity and argues that beliefs subject to epistemic diffidence should not be acted upon. He proceeds to apply this framework to traditional and develTrade Review"Stephen Napier argues with verve and subtlety for a cautious and restrained approach to acts of killing in bioethics; central to his argument is the difficulty of being sure that active interventions are permissible. This book intriguingly combines insights from a wide variety of different recent philosophical literatures to offer an important and interesting contribution to numerous current debates." – Sophie-Grace Chappell is Professor of Philosophy at Open University, UK Table of ContentsChapter 1. IntroductionPart I. Foundational Matters: The Perception of Value, Persons, and Human WorthChapter 2. Moral Inquiry and the Apprehension of ValueChapter 3. Epistemic Justification, Peer Disagreement, and Practical InterestChapter 4. Persons and Human BeingsChapter 5. Human Dignity Part II. Dignity as the Beginning and End of LifeChapter 6. AbortionChapter 7. Human Embryonic Destructive Stem Cell Research Chapter 8. Euthanasia Part III. Balancing Dignity and AutonomyChapter 9. Decision-Making for Patients with Suppressed ConsciousnessChapter 10. Decision-Making for Patients with Apparent CompetencyChapter 11. Risky Research on Competent Adults: Justice and AutonomyChapter 12: Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces bioengineers and students who must generate and/or report scientific data to the ethical challenges they will face in preserving the integrity of their data. It provides the perspective of reaching ethical decisions via pathways that treat data as clients, to whom bioengineering scientists owe a responsibility that is an existential component of their professional identity. The initial chapters lay a historical, biological and philosophical foundation for ethics as a human activity, and data as a foundation of science. The middle chapters explore ethical challenges in lay, engineering, medical and bioengineering scientist settings. These chapters focus on micro-ethics, individual behavior, and cases that showcase the consequences of violating data integrity. Macro-ethics, policy, is dealt with in the Enrichment sections at the end of the chapters, with essay problems and subjects for debates (in a classroom setting). The book can be used for individual study, usTable of Contents1. Bioengineering and ethics: Objective data vs. subjective reason. 2. Does ethical behavior have a biological foundation? 3. Moral analysis: Philosophical foundations of ethical action. 4. Moral analysis: Deriving a moral decision. 5. Separating professional from lay ethics. 6. Engineering ethics. 7. Medical ethics. 8. Bioengineering scientist ethics. 9. Ethics of research with non-human animals. 10. Health professionals and historic human research ethics. 11. Health professionals and modern human research ethics. 12. Medical product development and the FDA. 13. Ethics of medical product failure and the courts. Appendix A: Suggested Debate format. Appendix B: Informed Consent. Appendix C: Advanced Care Directive. Appendix D: UCLA Policy 993. Appendix E: Significant events in the history of human experimentation. Appendix F: Examples for Safe Medical Devices Act report incidents.

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Book SynopsisTwenty-three papers review recent advances in experimental studies on microorganisms, plants and animals. They are taken from a symposium organized at Cologne University, in April 1983 by the Committee on Genetic Experimentation (COGENE), a scientific committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions.Table of ContentsSpeakers and editors; Preface; The committe on genetic experimentation; The international council of scientific unions; The ICSU Press; Acknowledgements; Part I. Micro-Organisms: 1. Natural mechanisms of microbial evolution Werner Arber; 2. Transitory recombination between phage and plasmid genomes S. D. Ehrlich, M. Dagert, S. Romac and B. Michel; 3. Survival of plasmids in escherichia coli S. B. Levy; 4. Gene cloning and bacterial pathogenicity W. Goebel, J. Hacker, C. Hughes, S. Knapp, H. Hof, D. Muller, A. Juarez and J. Kreft; 5. Selective evolution of genes for enhanced degradation of persistent, toxic chemicals A. M. Chakrabarty, J. S. Karns, J. J. Kilbane and D. K. Chatterjee; 6. Deliberate release of microorganisms for insect control P. Luthy, H. M. Fischer and R. Hutter; Part II. Gene Expression in Plants: 7. Isolation of transposable elements in maize P. Starlinger, U. Courage-Tebbe, H. P. Doring, W. B. Frommer, K. Theres, E. Tillmann, E. Weck and W. Werr; 8. E. coli - A. Tumefaciens shuttle vectors G. E. Riedel and D. A. Austen; 9. Ti plasmids as experimental gene vectors for plants J. Schell, M. Van Montagu, M. Holsters, P. Zambryski, H. Joos, D. Inze, L. Herrera-Estrella, A. Depicker, M. De Block, A. Caplan, P. Dhaese, E. Van Haute, J. P. Hernalsteens, H. De Greve, J. Leemans, R. Deblaere, L. Willmitzer, J. Schroder and L. Otten; 10. Variability in tissue-culture derived plants H. Lorz; Part III. Strategies in the Improvement of Plants: 11. Gene transfer in maize: controlling elements and the alcohol dehydrogenase genes W. J. Peacock, E. S. Dennis, W. L. Gerlach, D. Llewellyn, H. Lorz, A. J. Pryor, M. M. Sachs, D. Schwartz and W. D. Sutton; 12. Potato - a first crop improvement by the application of microbiological techniques? G. Wenzel, H. Uhrig and W. Burgermeister; 13. Long-term goals in agricultural plant improvement P. R. Day; 14. Global activities in plant genetic resources conservation J. T. Williams; 15. Genetic perspectives of germplasm conservation O. H. Frankel; Part IV. Manipulation of the Mammalian Germ Line: 16. Sequence organization of the vertebrate genome G. Bernardi; 17. Genetic manipulation of drosophila with transposable P elements A. Spradling, B. Wakimoto, S. Parks, J. Levine, L. Kalfayan and D. de Cicco; 18. Making a bigger mouse R. D. Palmiter and R. L. Brinster; 19. Retroviruses and mammalian development R. Jaenisch; 20. Chromosome translocations and oncogene activation in burkett lymphoma C. M. Croce; 21. Oncogenic transformation activates cellular genes P. W. J. Rigby, P. M. Brickell, D. S. Latchman, D. Murphy, K. H. Westphal and M. R. D. Scott; 22. Problems of genetic engineering in animal breeding G. F. Stranzinger; 23. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: implications for genetic engineering T. L. A. Hunlich, S. Trotnow and T. Kniewald; Subject index.

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Bioethics Volume 19 Part 2 by Ellen Frankel Paul | BookCurl

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Book SynopsisWhy has autonomy been a leading idea in philosophical writing on bioethics, and why has trust been marginal? In this important book, Onora O'Neill suggests that the conceptions of individual autonomy so widely relied on in bioethics are philosophically and ethically inadequate, and that they undermine rather than support relations of trust. She shows how Kant's non-individualistic view of autonomy provides a stronger basis for an approach to medicine, science and biotechnology, and does not marginalize untrustworthiness, while also explaining why trustworthy individuals and institutions are often undeservingly mistrusted. Her arguments are illustrated with issues raised by practices such as the use of genetic information by the police or insurers, research using human tissues, uses of new reproductive technologies, and media practices for reporting on medicine, science and technology. Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics will appeal to a wide range of readers in ethics, bioethics and relateTrade Review'Amid so much hype and yammer in the suddenly fashionable field of bioethics, it is good to turn to a book by a professional philosopher with wide experience of how biomedical regulation works in practice … It should be read by everyone concerned with this topic.' The Economist'It is the mark of a truly good book that it stimulates criticism as well as agreement and praise … The book is a notable contribution to understanding of the most important task facing those responsible for the NHS - to maintain trust where is exists (as it does in most cases) or to restore trust where it has lapsed.' Douglas Black, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine'They are alike … not only in dealing with the topic of trust, but also in their sharp intelligence, their refusal to accept received opinion without examination and their humane common sense. The combination of serious philosophical discussion with journalistic presentational skills has been brought to a fine art by O'Neill … if anything is transparent, it is the truthfulness and good sense of this most admirable lecturer' Baroness Warnock, The Times Higher Education Supplement'This is a philosopher's account of what is a far more complex subject than may at first appear. Fortunately Onora O'Neill is one of the few philosophers who can write with the clarity to make her arguments very accessible, which will make this book particularly appealing to a much wider audience than philosophers … Thought provoking and stimulating.' Bulletin of Medical Ethics'The book is marked throughout by Professor O'Neill's customary mixture of clarity, forthrightness and common sense, and by an impressive determination to relate careful philosophy to actual practice and experience … Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics provides a rich and stimulating basis for further debate in this area, and broadens the focus of discussion in a stimulating way. Even if non-Kantians remain unpersuaded by some of the philosophical moves, they will appreciate the lucidity, learning and good sense of this interesting book.' The Heythrop JournalTable of ContentsPreface; Frontispiece; 1. Gaining autonomy and losing trust?; 2. Autonomy, individuality and consent; 3. 'Reproductive autonomy' and new technologies; 4. Principled autonomy; 5. Principled autonomy and genetic technologies; 6. The quest for trustworthiness; 7. Trust and the limits of consent; 8. Trust and communication: the media and bioethics; Bibliography; Institutional bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume offers a carefully argued, compelling theory of bioethics while eliciting practical implications for a wide array of issues including medical assistance-in-dying, the right to health care, abortion, animal research, and the definition of death. The authors'' dual-value theory features mid-level principles, a distinctive model of moral status, a subjective account of well-being, and a cosmopolitan view of global justice. In addition to ethical theory, the book investigates the nature of harm and autonomous action, personal identity theory, and the ''non-identity problem'' associated with many procreative decisions. Readers new to particular topics will benefit from helpful introductions, specialists will appreciate in-depth theoretical explorations and a novel take on various practical issues, and all readers will benefit from the book''s original synoptic vision of bioethics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.Trade Review'DeGrazia and Millum are distinguished philosophers who, in this superb book, develop and defend a pluralistic ethical theory that is respectful of common sense moral beliefs without being subservient to them. They test and refine the theory by exploring its implications for a variety of controversial issues and, in the process, substantially advance our understanding of numerous bioethical problems. They are never dogmatic. Their lucidly written book instead provides much-needed guidance for careful moral reflection on issues of the greatest importance.' Jeff McMahan, White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford'For too long, bioethics has been in the thrall of the four principles of autonomy, beneficience, non-maleficence and justice. With a broader philosophical perspective and more rigorous analysis, DeGrazia and Millum bring bioethics into the 21st century. They integrate a richer understanding of ethics, including well-being and non-identity, with application to a wider range of the most pressing bioethical issues of the day, such as how we should treat animals, fetuses, and enhancements. This book is a much needed advance for bioethics.' Ezekiel J. Emmanuel M.D., Ph.D.'well worth reading for its in-depth discussions of many theoretical and practical issues.' Bonnie Steinbock, BioethicsTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Methodology; 3. Outline of the Dual Value Theory; 4. Nonmaleficence and Negative Constraints; 5. Autonomy; 6. Distributive Justice and Beneficence; 7. Moral Status; 8. Well-Being; 9. Personal Identity Theory; 10. Creating Human Beings; Concluding Thoughts.

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Book SynopsisMost people believe that we should help others in need. This book argues that we should also help starving, wounded and sick wild animals. It will be of interest to scholars of philosophy, as well as to a non-specialist audience, including policy-makers and members of environmental and animal charities.Trade Review'Animal Ethics in the Wild makes a powerful case for helping wild animals. It also provides the most comprehensive treatment to date of the incredibly important, and yet incredibly neglected, problem of wild animal suffering. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in combating speciesism.' Kyle Johannsen, Trent University'Catia Faria has for some years been a pioneer in the effort to make both moral philosophers and members of the wider public think seriously about the appalling suffering that many billions of animals endure in the wild every day. In this book, she states the case for beneficent human intervention and then meticulously analyses and rebuts a large variety of objections that have been or might be made to her proposal. This book is thus a carefully argued and timely discussion of a highly serious moral problem that remains tragically underappreciated.' Jeff McMahan, Sekyra and White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford'Catia Faria does several important things in Animal Ethics in the Wild. First, she provides a detailed yet accessible account of commonly deployed moral arguments for protecting animals from harm, and then shows why those arguments also apply to free-living or wild animals. Further, Faria encourages people - like me - to think more carefully about who our ethical values applies to, and then to rethink what our ethical commitment to wild animals requires of us. This book has the power to change readers' behaviour as its implications are at once radical and simultaneously self-evidently logical.' Siobhan O'Sullivan, UNSW Sydney'Catia Faria's book develops a powerful, thought-provoking and comprehensive defence of the controversial argument that there's an obligation to help suffering wild animals, whatever the cause of their suffering. Faria makes an important intervention into current ethical debates about animals, and her book is strongly recommended for scholars of animal and environmental ethics.' Clare Palmer, Texas A&M University'This book is devoted to an ethical issue that has the particularity of being largely neglected by moral philosophers, even though it concerns those individuals who are the most numerous and who suffer the most. Its author succeeds in completely reversing the usual burden of proof: those who, after reading the book, wish to continue denying our moral duty to reduce the suffering of animals living in the wild will have to find a mistake in Catia Faria's simple, effective, and rigorous demonstration to the contrary. No doubt a little shaken by this read, the rest of us will most likely see these ideas settle in slowly. As our immediate reaction wears off, our perplexity will likely give way to acquiescing to the author's very ambitious yet seemingly inescapable conclusions.' Valéry Giroux, Associate director of the Centre de Recherche en Éthique (CRE), University of Montreal'Brilliant and eloquent. Animal Ethics in the Wild is a strong and firmly grounded call to us all to consider the need for helping animals in nature. Catia Faria makes an extremely compelling case for the reasons we have to intervene in nature to reduce animal suffering, while she thoroughly dismantles the major anti-interventionists arguments. A definitive work. A major contribution to animal defence from a superbly lucid thinker.' Núria Almiron, Co-director of the UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics'Impeccably analytical and elegantly structured around Albert Hirschman's distinction between appeals to futility, jeopardy, and perversity, I know of no more thorough defense of intervening in nature to reduce animal suffering than Catia Faria's lucid book.' Paula Casal, ICREA Research Professor, Pompeu Fabra University'Faria has written a wonderfully clear, rigorous and compelling book in defence of intervening to alleviate wild animal suffering. This is the book that everyone interested in wild animal ethics must read. And it is also the book with which those seeking to defend the widespread intuition to 'leave nature alone' must grapple.' Alasdair Cochrane, University of Sheffield'From now on, the starting point of discussions of the suffering of wild animals, and of what we should do about that suffering, will be Catia Faria's superb account of these issues in Animal Ethics in the Wild.' Peter Singer, author of Animal Liberation and Professor of Bioethics, Princeton University'In recent years, interest in wild animal suffering has increased significantly, but long before that Catia Faria was already a pioneer on this topic. Her long-awaited book, Animal Ethics in the Wild, is a groundbreaking contribution that makes a compelling case for why this is a very important, yet often overlooked, problem. The book explores in careful detail the normative underpinnings of our reasons for helping wild animals to prevent the natural harms they suffer. I hope this book will be widely read, as anyone interested in what we owe animals would benefit greatly from it.' Oscar Horta, Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Santiago de CompostelaTable of Contents1. Moral considerability; 2. Speciesism; 3. Wild animal suffering; 4. Perversity and futility; 5. Jeopardy; 6. Relationality; 7. Priority; 8. Tractability.

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Book SynopsisIn times of global economic and political crises, the notion of solidarity is gaining new currency. Exemplified by three case studies from medicine and health, this book shows how solidarity can make a difference in how we frame problems in biomedicine, and help develop innovative solutions.Trade Review'At a challenging political moment, Barbara Prainsack and Alena Buyx offer an approach to bioethics based on an appeal to solidarity as a core guiding concept. Their account is both descriptive and prescriptive, grounded firmly in practice. Moving beyond an unproductive dichotomy between personal and common benefit, their book promises an alternative to the impoverished accounts of human connectedness informed only by the logic of the market. The authors reveal the limits of an exclusive, ritualistic focus on autonomy-based health policies, offering a productive way forward.' Barbara Koenig, Director of Bioethics, University of California, San Francisco'Solidarity in Biomedicine and Beyond effectively takes on and combines two complex issues of our times. How ought we best understand the idea of human solidarity in the face of cultural trends that separate and often badly divide us? And how best to bring that understanding to bear on the great challenges, for good or ill, of the rapid and consequential changes for health care of progress in genetics and other rapidly changing technologies? Prainsack and Buyx' insights and careful analysis take us a long way down a winding modern road into the future.' Daniel Callahan, President Emeritus, The Hastings Center, New York'This book is likely to propel ongoing discussion and fruitful developments in regulatory frameworks for years to come … All those interested in the (re)design of the legal and regulatory frameworks applying to biomedicine and wider fields will need to grapple with the timely, original, and valuable ideas set forth in this book.' Mark Flear, Medical Law Review'The authors set out to clarify the concept of solidarity in connection with related concepts such as friendship, love, reciprocity, responsibility, and dignity. But they achieved much more, namely to explain the inner functioning of the moral system of society. They did this by combining a broad spectrum of philosophical and sociological work in a virtuosic manner.' Christoph Rehmann Sutter, University of Lübeck, Germany'Prainsack and Buyx advance a detailed conceptual framework and put forward practical recommendations for solidarity-based governance in biomedicine.' Katherine Weatherford Darling, New Genetics and Society'Solidarity in Biomedicine and Beyond is a brilliant book - one that will be referred to again and again by bioethicists, policymakers, regulators, and academics across a variety of disciplines. It capably builds on their 2011 Nuffield Council on Bioethics report, and signals the birth of a fully fleshed out and vital ethical concept and practice. After reading this book, one may well feel inclined to conclude that this is an old 'new' ethical principle that should be increasingly instantiated in our individual, social, and political lives.' Edward S. Dove, SCRIPTedTable of Contents1. Solidarity. A brief history of a concept, and a project; Part I. Theorising Solidarity: 2. Solidarity - intellectual background and important themes; 3. What is solidarity?; 4. Solidarity - normative approaches; Part II. Solidarity in Practice: 5. Solidarity in practice I: governing health databases; 6. Solidarity in practice II: personalised medicine and health care; 7. Solidarity and organ donation; Part III. Conclusions: 8. Solidarity with whom? Conclusions and ways forward.

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Book SynopsisBrings legal, religious, ethical, and political perspectives to bear on debates about biotechnology patents or 'patents on life'. With international, interfaith, and cross-disciplinary contributions, it will appeal to legal scholars, policymakers, advocates, and religious ethicists and leaders working in the area of social ethics and justice.Trade Review'… wonderful book …' Ira Bedzow, Journal of Law and ReligionTable of Contents1. Introduction Roman Cholij; Part I. Life Patents, Law, and Morality: 2. Morality, religion, and patents Kathleen Liddell and Simon Ravenscroft; 3. Religious and moral grounds for patent-eligible subject matter exclusions Joshua D. Sarnoff; 4. Life-form patents: proceedings in the European Patent Office and the role of non-commercial parties Christopher Rennie-Smith; Part II. Religious Perspectives on Life Patents: 5. Intellectual property rights and the fundamental right to the Commons in the light of Catholic social teaching Monsignor Osvaldo Neves de Almeiad; 6. Human rights and life patents: lessons from the Church's social teaching and engagement in the United States Stephen M. Colecchi; 7. Intellectual property and genetic sequences: a Jewish law perspective Michael J. Broyde and Steven S. Weiner; 8. Intellectual property, Islamic values, and the patenting of genes Mohammed El Said; 9. Christian libertarianism and the curious lack of religious objections to the patenting of life forms in the United States Paul J. Heald; 10. From 'Chakrabarty' to 'Myriad' and beyond: Catholic contributions to the gene patenting debate Paul J. Wodja; Part III. Social Justice and Political Aspects: 11. 'Thou shalt not steal': the morality of compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents Margo Bagley; 12. Genetic resources and patents: in search of ethical solutions to global IP discord Roman Cholij; 13. Patent for life: towards an ethical use of patents on plant innovations Michael A. Kock; 14. Germline modification of human embryos, patents and the limits of markets: rethinking equality, human diversity, and the question of innovation funding Katerina Sideri; 15. Patent governance, ethics, and democracy: how transparency and accountability norms are challenged by patents on stem cells, gametes, and genome editing (CRISPR) in Europe Ingrid Schneider; 16. Life patents, religion, and justice: a summary of themes Thomas C. Berg.

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Book SynopsisAn exploration of the scientific mindset—such character virtues as curiosity, veracity, attentiveness, and humility to evidence—and its importance for science, democracy, and human flourishing.Exemplary scientists have a characteristic way of viewing the world and their work: their mindset and methods all aim at discovering truths about nature. In An Instinct for Truth, Robert Pennock explores this scientific mindset and argues that what Charles Darwin called “an instinct for truth, knowledge, and discovery” has a tacit moral structure—that it is important not only for scientific excellence and integrity but also for democracy and human flourishing. In an era of “post-truth,” the scientific drive to discover empirical truths has a special value.Taking a virtue-theoretic perspective, Pennock explores curiosity, veracity, skepticism, humility to evidence, and other scientific virtues and vices. He explains that curiosity i

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