Bioethics Books

Book SynopsisBiotech companies are creating designer crops with strange powers-from cholesterol-reducing soybeans to tobacco plants that act as solar-powered pharmaceutical factories. They promise great benefits: better health for consumers and more productive agriculture. But the vision has a dark side. In Lords of the Harvest, Daniel Charles tells the real story behind Frankenstein foods-the story you won''t hear from the biotech companies or their fiercest opponents. He reveals for the first time the cutthroat scientific competition and backroom business deals that led to the first genetically engineered foods. And he exposes the secrets of campaigns on both sides of the Atlantic aimed at bringing down the biotech industry. A riveting tale of boundless ambition, political intrigue, and the quest for knowledge, Lords of the Harvest is ultimately a story of idealism and conflicting dreams about the shape of a better world.

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Book SynopsisEssays in this volume consider the conceptual links between views on abortion and foetal development, abortion procedures, religion, laws and public funding (or no funding) policies.Table of ContentsList of contributors. Preface (R.B. Edwards). Ontogenesis of the brain in the human organism: definitions of life and death of the human being and person (J. Korein). Abortion procedures and abortifacients (J.E. Hodgson). Abortion and the law: the Supreme Court, privacy and abortion (F.H. Marsh). Abortion and religion (N.R. Howell). The Roman Catholic position on abortion (R. Barry). "Conservative" views of abortion (P.E. Devine). Moderate views of abortion (L.W. Sumner). Not drowning but waving: reflections on swimming through the shark-infested waters of the abortion debate (N.A. Davis). An essay on the moral status question (L.M. Schwartz). Public funding of abortions and abortion counseling for poor women (R.B. Edwards). Index.

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Book Synopsis"Postmodern Malpractice: A Medical Case Study in the Culture War".Table of ContentsEDITORIAL BOARD. Introduction: The Trojan horse of bioethics. What really assassinated hippocrates. Bioethics in historical and philosophical context. The postmodern environment of bioethics. Human reproductive medicine: Freedom or regulation. Infectious diseases: Ethics, experts and policy in AIDS, vCJD, Ebola virus, West Nile virus. Abortion: Human worth, the end of ethics and political entitlement. Politicizing brain death, treatment refusal, physician-assisted suicide, terminal sedation, treatment rationing. Health belief model and health delivery systems. Alternative medicine, new age, classic shaman systems. Behavioral myth, psychiatric abuse, and social manipulation. Are patients better off than they were before the sixties: A second opinion and analysis of bioethics. Resisting the total society, and a new model for ethics.

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Book Synopsis"Taking Life and Death Seriously: Bioethics from Japan".Table of ContentsIntroduction: A Short History of Bioethics in Japan. (T. Takahashi). Chapter 1. A Synthesis of Bioethics and Environmental Ethics Founded upon the Concept of Care: Toward a Japanese Approach to Bioethics. (T. Takahashi). Chapter 2. On Human Dignity: Japan and the West. (S. Nakayama). Chapter 3. Moral Thinking about the Embryo-Fetus Period: Reconsidering the Problems of Identity and Existence. (H. Yahata). Chapter 4. Changes of Bioethical Perspective of Japanese Clinical Geneticists about Repro-Genetics during 1995-2001. (E. Shinoki, I. Matsuda). Chapter 5. Competency Testing in Medical and Psychiatric Practice: Legal and Psychological Concepts and Dilemmas. (T. Kitamura, F. Kitamura). Chapter 6. Care for the Elderly in Japan: Past, Present and Future. (T. Saga). Chapter 7. Nursing of Dying Patients: From the Viewpoint of Cultural Background of Attending Death. (T. Morita). Chapter 8. Cell Death: its style and significance. (H. Saya). Chapter 9. The Natural Funeral (shizensou) in Japan Today: Movement, Background, and the Next World. (H. Taguchi). Chapter 10. Medical Business Ethics: The HIV-Tainted-Blood Affair in Japan. (T. Tanaka). Chapter 11. Minamata Disease as "Soul": An Uncertain "Alternative Future" in the Modern Japanese State. (K. Keida). Chapter 12. The Global Lessons of Minamata Disease: An Introduction to Minamata Studies. (M. Harada).

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Book SynopsisDeals with the topic of health inequalities and health disparities. This volume includes an introductory look at the issue of health care inequalities and disparities, racial and ethnic inequalities and disparities, issues related to substance abuse, and mental health and related concerns. It also looks at issues of vulnerable women.Table of ContentsWhose Body (Of Opinion) is it Anyway? Historicizing Tissue Ownership and Examining ‘Public Opinion’ in Bioethics. From Cruzan. The Changing Context of Neonatal Decision Making: are the Consumerist and Disability Rights Movements Having an Effect?. “What are We Really Doing Here?” Journeys into Hospital Ethics Committees in Germany: Nurses’ Participation and The(ir) Marginalization of Care. Healthcare Ethics Committees Without Function? Locations and Forms of Ethical Speech in a ‘Society of Presents’. Ethical Mindfulness: Narrative Analysis and Everyday Ethics in Health Care. Making the Autonomous Client: How Genetic Counselors Construct Autonomous Subjects. “… But you Cannot Influence the Direction of your Thinking”: Guiding Self-Government in Bioethics Policy Discourse. Cutting Risk: The Ethics of Male Circumcision, HIV Prevention, and Wellness. Genomics, Gender and Genetic Capital: The Need for an Embodied Ethics of Reproduction. What Does Justice have to do with It? A Bioethical and Sociological Perspective on the Diabetes Epidemic. Sociological Contributions to Developing Ethical Standards for Medical Research in Very Poor Countries: The Example of Nepal. Changing the Subject: Science, Subjectivity, and the Structuring of Ethical Implications. List of Contributors. Introductory Preface. Part I: Placing Bioethics Historically. Part II: The Sociology of a Working Bioethics: Private Narratives. Part III: Macrosociological Perspectives: Bioethics in the Policy Arena. Part IV: Re-Imagining Bioethics: Expanding the Borders of Bioethical Inquiry and Action.

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Book SynopsisOffers, for the first time, a collection of the landmark articles in clinical bioethics authored by the physician and philosopher, Edmund D Pellegrino. As one of the founding figures of modern medical ethics, Dr Pellegrino gained international renown for his deeply reflective scholarship and for his public service in developing the field.Trade ReviewPellegrino's contribution is significant, deeply relevant, suprisingly timely, and notably prescient. For this reason alone, the gathering of these essays together in one volume is a worthwhile project...demonstrates the cohesive thought of a serious and foundational figure in the field."" - John Hardt, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine

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Book SynopsisBioethics is a field of inquiry and as such is fundamentally an epistemic discipline. Knowing how we make moral judgments can bring into relief why certain arguments on various bioethical issues appear plausible to one side and obviously false to the other. Uncertain Bioethics makes a significant and distinctive contribution to the bioethics literature by culling the insights from contemporary moral psychology to highlight the epistemic pitfalls and distorting influences on our apprehension of value. Stephen Napier also incorporates research from epistemology addressing pragmatic encroachment and the significance of peer disagreement to justify what he refers to as epistemic diffidence when one is considering harming or killing human beings. Napier extends these developments to the traditional bioethical notion of dignity and argues that beliefs subject to epistemic diffidence should not be acted upon. He proceeds to apply this framework to traditional and develTrade Review"Stephen Napier argues with verve and subtlety for a cautious and restrained approach to acts of killing in bioethics; central to his argument is the difficulty of being sure that active interventions are permissible. This book intriguingly combines insights from a wide variety of different recent philosophical literatures to offer an important and interesting contribution to numerous current debates." – Sophie-Grace Chappell is Professor of Philosophy at Open University, UK Table of ContentsChapter 1. IntroductionPart I. Foundational Matters: The Perception of Value, Persons, and Human WorthChapter 2. Moral Inquiry and the Apprehension of ValueChapter 3. Epistemic Justification, Peer Disagreement, and Practical InterestChapter 4. Persons and Human BeingsChapter 5. Human Dignity Part II. Dignity as the Beginning and End of LifeChapter 6. AbortionChapter 7. Human Embryonic Destructive Stem Cell Research Chapter 8. Euthanasia Part III. Balancing Dignity and AutonomyChapter 9. Decision-Making for Patients with Suppressed ConsciousnessChapter 10. Decision-Making for Patients with Apparent CompetencyChapter 11. Risky Research on Competent Adults: Justice and AutonomyChapter 12: Conclusion

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Book SynopsisChallenging the belief that the use of animals in biomedical research is necessary for the advancement of human medical knowledge, the authors of this text assert that the use of animals in medical research is unethical because faulty science underpins such experimentation.Trade Review"Beautifully written, urgently conceived, comprehensively researched, Sacred Cows and Golden Geese is a desperately needed book that has the potential to incite a major shift in the thinking of millions of people. By relentlessly accessing the data with a stern objectivity, and compassionate embrace of the issues, Ray and Jean Greek have done what no other authors have yet accomplished: calmly, powerfully, convincingly explained why invasive animal research is a monstrous deception. The Greeks are likely to find themselves in the midst of a firestorm. What they have uncovered will make countless industries, universities, foundations, and institutions as grand as the National Institutes of Health quake in their sleep."--Michael Tobias "Everyone should read this book! Exposing the colossal corruption and bogus science behind much of the pharmaceutical industry, it amazes, enrages, and inspires. With countless clear, scientific examples the authors...dispel the myth that animal experiments have contributed to medical progress....It is imperative that animal-rights campaigners are well-versed in the wealth of information revealed here to prove that animal research is bad science and that far more sophisticated alternatives are available."--OutrageTable of Contents-How It All Began-Legislated Ineptitude-White Coat Welfare-Alternatives-The Real Origin of New Medications-Disease of the Cardiovascular System-Cancer, Our Modern-Day Plague-AIDS and Xenotransplantation

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Book SynopsisMost people believe that we should help others in need. This book argues that we should also help starving, wounded and sick wild animals. It will be of interest to scholars of philosophy, as well as to a non-specialist audience, including policy-makers and members of environmental and animal charities.Trade Review'Animal Ethics in the Wild makes a powerful case for helping wild animals. It also provides the most comprehensive treatment to date of the incredibly important, and yet incredibly neglected, problem of wild animal suffering. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in combating speciesism.' Kyle Johannsen, Trent University'Catia Faria has for some years been a pioneer in the effort to make both moral philosophers and members of the wider public think seriously about the appalling suffering that many billions of animals endure in the wild every day. In this book, she states the case for beneficent human intervention and then meticulously analyses and rebuts a large variety of objections that have been or might be made to her proposal. This book is thus a carefully argued and timely discussion of a highly serious moral problem that remains tragically underappreciated.' Jeff McMahan, Sekyra and White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford'Catia Faria does several important things in Animal Ethics in the Wild. First, she provides a detailed yet accessible account of commonly deployed moral arguments for protecting animals from harm, and then shows why those arguments also apply to free-living or wild animals. Further, Faria encourages people - like me - to think more carefully about who our ethical values applies to, and then to rethink what our ethical commitment to wild animals requires of us. This book has the power to change readers' behaviour as its implications are at once radical and simultaneously self-evidently logical.' Siobhan O'Sullivan, UNSW Sydney'Catia Faria's book develops a powerful, thought-provoking and comprehensive defence of the controversial argument that there's an obligation to help suffering wild animals, whatever the cause of their suffering. Faria makes an important intervention into current ethical debates about animals, and her book is strongly recommended for scholars of animal and environmental ethics.' Clare Palmer, Texas A&M University'This book is devoted to an ethical issue that has the particularity of being largely neglected by moral philosophers, even though it concerns those individuals who are the most numerous and who suffer the most. Its author succeeds in completely reversing the usual burden of proof: those who, after reading the book, wish to continue denying our moral duty to reduce the suffering of animals living in the wild will have to find a mistake in Catia Faria's simple, effective, and rigorous demonstration to the contrary. No doubt a little shaken by this read, the rest of us will most likely see these ideas settle in slowly. As our immediate reaction wears off, our perplexity will likely give way to acquiescing to the author's very ambitious yet seemingly inescapable conclusions.' Valéry Giroux, Associate director of the Centre de Recherche en Éthique (CRE), University of Montreal'Brilliant and eloquent. Animal Ethics in the Wild is a strong and firmly grounded call to us all to consider the need for helping animals in nature. Catia Faria makes an extremely compelling case for the reasons we have to intervene in nature to reduce animal suffering, while she thoroughly dismantles the major anti-interventionists arguments. A definitive work. A major contribution to animal defence from a superbly lucid thinker.' Núria Almiron, Co-director of the UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics'Impeccably analytical and elegantly structured around Albert Hirschman's distinction between appeals to futility, jeopardy, and perversity, I know of no more thorough defense of intervening in nature to reduce animal suffering than Catia Faria's lucid book.' Paula Casal, ICREA Research Professor, Pompeu Fabra University'Faria has written a wonderfully clear, rigorous and compelling book in defence of intervening to alleviate wild animal suffering. This is the book that everyone interested in wild animal ethics must read. And it is also the book with which those seeking to defend the widespread intuition to 'leave nature alone' must grapple.' Alasdair Cochrane, University of Sheffield'From now on, the starting point of discussions of the suffering of wild animals, and of what we should do about that suffering, will be Catia Faria's superb account of these issues in Animal Ethics in the Wild.' Peter Singer, author of Animal Liberation and Professor of Bioethics, Princeton University'In recent years, interest in wild animal suffering has increased significantly, but long before that Catia Faria was already a pioneer on this topic. Her long-awaited book, Animal Ethics in the Wild, is a groundbreaking contribution that makes a compelling case for why this is a very important, yet often overlooked, problem. The book explores in careful detail the normative underpinnings of our reasons for helping wild animals to prevent the natural harms they suffer. I hope this book will be widely read, as anyone interested in what we owe animals would benefit greatly from it.' Oscar Horta, Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Santiago de CompostelaTable of Contents1. Moral considerability; 2. Speciesism; 3. Wild animal suffering; 4. Perversity and futility; 5. Jeopardy; 6. Relationality; 7. Priority; 8. Tractability.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces bioengineers and students who must generate and/or report scientific data to the ethical challenges they will face in preserving the integrity of their data. It provides the perspective of reaching ethical decisions via pathways that treat data as clients, to whom bioengineering scientists owe a responsibility that is an existential component of their professional identity. The initial chapters lay a historical, biological and philosophical foundation for ethics as a human activity, and data as a foundation of science. The middle chapters explore ethical challenges in lay, engineering, medical and bioengineering scientist settings. These chapters focus on micro-ethics, individual behavior, and cases that showcase the consequences of violating data integrity. Macro-ethics, policy, is dealt with in the Enrichment sections at the end of the chapters, with essay problems and subjects for debates (in a classroom setting). The book can be used for individual study, usTable of Contents1. Bioengineering and ethics: Objective data vs. subjective reason. 2. Does ethical behavior have a biological foundation? 3. Moral analysis: Philosophical foundations of ethical action. 4. Moral analysis: Deriving a moral decision. 5. Separating professional from lay ethics. 6. Engineering ethics. 7. Medical ethics. 8. Bioengineering scientist ethics. 9. Ethics of research with non-human animals. 10. Health professionals and historic human research ethics. 11. Health professionals and modern human research ethics. 12. Medical product development and the FDA. 13. Ethics of medical product failure and the courts. Appendix A: Suggested Debate format. Appendix B: Informed Consent. Appendix C: Advanced Care Directive. Appendix D: UCLA Policy 993. Appendix E: Significant events in the history of human experimentation. Appendix F: Examples for Safe Medical Devices Act report incidents.

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Book SynopsisBioethics: 50 Puzzles, Problems, and Thought Experiments collects 50 casesboth real and imaginarythat have been, or should be, of special interest and importance to philosophical bioethics. Cases are collected together under topical headings in a natural order for an introductory course in bioethics. Each case is described in a few pages, which includes bioethical context, a concise narrative of the case itself, and a discussion of its importance, both for broader philosophical issues and for practical problems in clinical ethics and health policy. Each entry also contains a brief, annotated, list of suggested readings. In addition to the classic cases in bioethics, the book contains discussion of cases that involve several emerging bioethical issues: especially, issues around disability, social justice, and the practice of medicine in a diverse and globalized world.Key Features:Gives readers all chapters presented in an identical format:Table of ContentsIntroduction Part I: Bioethics and Philosophical Methodology Part II: Creating Life Part III: Value of Life: Disability and Well-Being Part IV: Deciding for Others Part V: Deciding for Yourself Part VI: Killing and Dying Part VII: The Ethics of Clinical Research Part VIII: Fair Distribution Part IX: Public Health: Freedom and Justice Part X: The Boundaries of Medicine Part XI: Medicine across Borders: Dilemmas of Complicity and Compromise

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Book SynopsisThis thought-provoking volume unites bioethics experts from seven major world religionsâBuddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Daoism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaismâalongside secular thinkers, to explore environmental protection through the lens of the UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. It foregrounds the power of diverse perspectives in addressing one of humanity's most pressing challengesâthe ecological crisis. The contributions provide rich and distinct religious and cultural viewpoints as they confront the anthropological, ethical, and social dimensions of this crisis. Showcasing dialogue where traditions and philosophies collide, they offer unique insights into global bioethics and human rights that should inspire new ways of thinking and foster meaningful collaboration in the fight for our planet's future. The book is valuable reading for researchers, scholars and students in bioethics, environmental ethics, religious studies and beyond.

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Book SynopsisIn times of global economic and political crises, the notion of solidarity is gaining new currency. Exemplified by three case studies from medicine and health, this book shows how solidarity can make a difference in how we frame problems in biomedicine, and help develop innovative solutions.Trade Review'At a challenging political moment, Barbara Prainsack and Alena Buyx offer an approach to bioethics based on an appeal to solidarity as a core guiding concept. Their account is both descriptive and prescriptive, grounded firmly in practice. Moving beyond an unproductive dichotomy between personal and common benefit, their book promises an alternative to the impoverished accounts of human connectedness informed only by the logic of the market. The authors reveal the limits of an exclusive, ritualistic focus on autonomy-based health policies, offering a productive way forward.' Barbara Koenig, Director of Bioethics, University of California, San Francisco'Solidarity in Biomedicine and Beyond effectively takes on and combines two complex issues of our times. How ought we best understand the idea of human solidarity in the face of cultural trends that separate and often badly divide us? And how best to bring that understanding to bear on the great challenges, for good or ill, of the rapid and consequential changes for health care of progress in genetics and other rapidly changing technologies? Prainsack and Buyx' insights and careful analysis take us a long way down a winding modern road into the future.' Daniel Callahan, President Emeritus, The Hastings Center, New York'This book is likely to propel ongoing discussion and fruitful developments in regulatory frameworks for years to come … All those interested in the (re)design of the legal and regulatory frameworks applying to biomedicine and wider fields will need to grapple with the timely, original, and valuable ideas set forth in this book.' Mark Flear, Medical Law Review'The authors set out to clarify the concept of solidarity in connection with related concepts such as friendship, love, reciprocity, responsibility, and dignity. But they achieved much more, namely to explain the inner functioning of the moral system of society. They did this by combining a broad spectrum of philosophical and sociological work in a virtuosic manner.' Christoph Rehmann Sutter, University of Lübeck, Germany'Prainsack and Buyx advance a detailed conceptual framework and put forward practical recommendations for solidarity-based governance in biomedicine.' Katherine Weatherford Darling, New Genetics and Society'Solidarity in Biomedicine and Beyond is a brilliant book - one that will be referred to again and again by bioethicists, policymakers, regulators, and academics across a variety of disciplines. It capably builds on their 2011 Nuffield Council on Bioethics report, and signals the birth of a fully fleshed out and vital ethical concept and practice. After reading this book, one may well feel inclined to conclude that this is an old 'new' ethical principle that should be increasingly instantiated in our individual, social, and political lives.' Edward S. Dove, SCRIPTedTable of Contents1. Solidarity. A brief history of a concept, and a project; Part I. Theorising Solidarity: 2. Solidarity - intellectual background and important themes; 3. What is solidarity?; 4. Solidarity - normative approaches; Part II. Solidarity in Practice: 5. Solidarity in practice I: governing health databases; 6. Solidarity in practice II: personalised medicine and health care; 7. Solidarity and organ donation; Part III. Conclusions: 8. Solidarity with whom? Conclusions and ways forward.

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Book SynopsisProvides comprehensive, yet concise coverage of the broad field of bioethics, dealing with the scientific, medical, social, religious, political and international concerns This book offers complete information about all aspects of bioethics and its role in our world. It tackles the concerns of bioethicists, dealing with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, and philosophy. The book introduces the various modes of ethical thinking and then helps the reader to apply that thinking to issues relating to the environment, to plants and animals, and to humans. Written in an accessible manner, Introduction to Bioethics, Second Edition focuses on key issues directly relevant to those studying courses ranging from medicine through to biology and agriculture. Ethical analysis is threaded throughout each chapter and supplementary examples are included to stimulate further thought. In additioTable of ContentsPreface xiii About the Companion Website xv Part I Setting the Scene 1 1 Science and Society 3 1.1 What’s It All About? 3 1.2 What Is Science? 5 1.2.1 Introduction: Some History (But Not Very Much) 5 1.3 Modern Science 9 1.4 Science, Ethics and Values 10 1.4.1 Introduction 10 1.4.2 Scientific Fraud 11 1.4.3 Science and Societal Values 11 1.5 Attitudes to Science 13 1.5.1 Science and the Enlightenment 13 1.5.2 Science, Modernism, Modernity and Postmodernism 14 1.5.3 Postmodernism and ‘Pseudo]modernism’ 16 1.5.4 Public Attitudes to Science 17 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 21 2 Ethics and Bioethics 23 2.1 Ethics and Morals 23 2.2 The Development of Ethics 25 2.2.1 Introduction 25 2.2.2 Virtuous Greeks 25 2.2.3 Ethics and Duty 26 2.2.4 What Happens If…? 27 2.2.5 Natural Law 28 2.2.6 Moral Relativism: My View Is as Good as Yours 28 2.2.7 The Revival of Virtue 29 2.2.8 Ethics and Rights 29 2.2.9 Ethics and Religion 30 2.2.10 Ethics: A Summary 30 2.3 Making Ethical Decisions 31 2.4 Medical Ethics 33 2.5 The Growth of Bioethics 34 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 36 Part II Biomedical Science and Medical Technology 39 3 Life before Birth I: The New Reproductive Technologies 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Gametes Outside the Body 42 3.3 Techniques of Artificial Reproductive Medicine 43 3.3.1 Objections to Assisted Reproduction 43 3.3.2 Donor Insemination 44 3.3.3 Gamete Donation 44 3.3.4 In Vitro Fertilisation and Variations 47 3.3.5 Reception of Oocytes from Partner 50 3.4 Embryo Testing 51 3.5 Mitochondrial Donation 51 3.6 Embryo Research 54 3.7 Rights of the Unborn Child 56 3.8 Men and Women: Do We Need Both? 56 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 58 4 Life before Birth II: Embryos, Foetuses and Associated Issues 61 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 The Early Human Embryo 63 4.2.1 Introduction: Embryos and Persons 63 4.2.2 Status of the Embryo: Human Life Begins at Fertilisation 64 4.2.3 Status of the Embryo: The 14]Day Approach 65 4.3 Embryo Research 66 4.4 Screening and Diagnosis 69 4.5 Reproductive Rights 71 4.5.1 Scope of Reproductive Rights 71 4.5.2 Contraception 71 4.6 Abortion: Maternal–Foetal Conflict 72 4.7 Surrogacy 77 4.8 Artificial Wombs 78 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 80 5 Cloning and Stem Cells 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Frogs and Sheep 84 5.3 Genes and Clones 87 5.4 It’s Not Natural: It Should Be Banned! 87 5.5 The Ethics of Human Cloning: An Overview 91 5.6 Reproductive Cloning of Non]human Mammals 93 5.7 Unlocking the Genetic Potential of Stem Cells 96 5.7.1 Embryonic Stem Cells 96 5.7.2 Therapeutic Potential 98 5.7.3 Embryonic Stem Cells and the Ethical Status of the Early Human Embryo 98 5.7.4 Therapeutic Cloning 101 5.7.5 Adult Stem Cells 102 5.7.6 Novel Sources of Stem Cells 103 5.8 Concluding Remarks 105 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 106 6 Human Genes and Genomes 109 6.1 Some History 109 6.2 Molecular Genetics and the Human Genome Project 110 6.3 Some Thoughts on Eugenics 112 6.4 Use of Human Genetic Information 113 6.4.1 Introduction 113 6.4.2 Genetic Diagnosis 114 6.4.2.1 Postnatal Diagnosis 114 6.4.2.2 Prenatal Diagnosis 115 6.4.2.3 Pre]implantation Genetic Diagnosis 116 6.4.2.4 Saviour Siblings: A Very Special Case 118 6.4.2.5 Where Next? 119 6.4.3 Genetic Screening 120 6.4.4 The Possibility of Genetic Discrimination 124 6.4.5 Community]Wide Genome Sequencing 125 6.4.6 Direct]to]Consumer Genome Analysis 127 6.4.7 The Burden of Genetic Knowledge 129 6.4.8 A Promise Unfulfilled? 130 6.5 Genetic Modification of Humans: Fact or Fiction? 131 6.5.1 Introduction 131 6.5.2 Somatic Cell Gene Therapy 131 6.5.3 Germ]Line Gene Therapy 133 6.5.4 Genetic Enhancement and Designer Babies 135 6.5.5 Genome Editing 138 6.6 A Gene for This and a Gene for That 140 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 141 7 Transhumanism 143 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 From Wooden Legs to Would]Be Cyborgs 144 7.3 Mind and Matter 149 7.4 Stronger, Fitter, Faster, Cleverer: Biological Aspects of Transhumanism 152 7.4.1 Genetic Modification 152 7.4.2 Life Extension 153 7.4.3 Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Enhancement 154 7.5 Military Applications 156 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 157 8 Decisions at the End of Life: When May I Die and When Am I Dead? 159 8.1 Introduction: Four Important Examples to Inform Our Thinking 159 8.1.1 Charlotte Wyatt 159 8.1.2 Mark Sanderson 161 8.1.3 King George V 161 8.1.4 Reginald Crew 161 8.2 How Did We Get Here? 162 8.3 What Is Euthanasia? 163 8.3.1 Introduction 163 8.3.2 Euthanasia 163 8.3.3 Is Assisted Suicide Different? 164 8.4 Case for Assisted Dying 164 8.4.1 Openness 164 8.4.2 Necessity 165 8.4.3 Autonomy 165 8.5 The Arguments against Assisted Dying 166 8.5.1 Controlling Pain and Suffering 166 8.5.2 The Downside of Autonomy 166 8.6 The Debate Continues: Will the Law Ever Be Changed? 168 8.7 When Should Medical Treatment Be Withheld or Withdrawn? 172 8.7.1 Introduction 172 8.7.2 The Right to Refuse Treatment 173 8.7.3 Making Decisions for People Who Cannot Make Them for Themselves 173 8.7.4 The Liverpool Care Pathway 176 8.8 Concluding Remarks 176 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 177 Part III Biotechnology 179 9 Genetic Modification and Synthetic Biology 181 9.1 Introduction 181 9.2 Ethical Aspects of Genetic Modification 182 9.2.1 Introduction 182 9.2.2 Ethical Analysis of Genetic Modification 182 9.2.3 Risks Associated with Genetic Modification 183 9.2.4 Possible Misuse of Genetic Modification 186 9.3 Pharmaceuticals 187 9.4 Genetic Modification of Animals 190 9.4.1 Introduction 190 9.4.2 Scientific Background 190 9.4.3 Applications of Animal Genetic Modification 191 9.4.4 Animal GM and Animal Welfare Issues 192 9.5 Research Uses of Genetic Modification 193 9.6 Gene and Genome Editing 195 9.6.1 Introduction 195 9.6.2 The CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing System 196 9.7 Synthetic Biology 197 9.7.1 Introduction 197 9.7.2 What Is Synthetic Biology? 198 9.7.3 Applications of Synthetic Biology 200 9.7.4 Ethical Aspects of Synthetic Biology 201 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 202 10 Genetic Modification of Plants 205 10.1 Introduction and Definitions 205 10.2 Back to the Beginning 206 10.3 Basic Methodology 208 10.4 The Debate 209 10.4.1 Introduction 209 10.4.2 Conducting the Debate 210 10.4.3 The Key Issues 213 10.4.3.1 Intrinsic Objections 213 10.4.3.2 Risk 214 10.4.4 The Debate Continues 217 10.4.5 Genome Editing: A Special Case? 222 10.5 GM Crops: Is a Different Approach Possible? 223 10.6 Closing Comments: Consumer Choice 224 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 226 11 Genes: Some Wider Issues 229 11.1 Introduction 229 11.2 Crop GM Technology, World Trade and Global Justice 231 11.3 Gene Patenting 235 11.3.1 Gene Patents in Crop GM Technology 235 11.3.2 Gene Patents and Medical Genetics 236 11.4 Genetic Piracy 238 11.5 DNA Fingerprinting and DNA Databases 243 11.5.1 Introduction 243 11.5.2 Applications of DNA Fingerprinting 243 11.5.3 DNA Databases 245 11.6 Concluding Remarks 246 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 246 12 Biofuels and Bioenergy: Environmental and Ethical Aspects 249 12.1 Introduction 249 12.2 Biofuels: A Brief Survey 251 12.3 Biofuels: Ethical Issues 254 12.3.1 Introduction 254 12.3.2 Can Biofuels Be Produced without Affecting Food Production? 254 12.3.3 Is Growth of Biofuel Crops Sustainable? 258 12.3.4 Biofuel Production and Land Allocation 259 12.4 Concluding Comment 261 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 261 Part IV Humans and the Biosphere 263 13 Humans and Non]human Animals 265 13.1 Introduction 265 13.2 Humankind’s Place in the Animal Kingdom 266 13.3 Human Use of Animals: An Overview 267 13.3.1 Historic and Present]Day Perspectives 267 13.3.2 ‘Speciesism’ 270 13.4 Vivisection and the Use of Animals in Research 271 13.4.1 Definitions, Laws and Numbers 271 13.4.2 Reasons for Experimenting on Animals 272 13.4.3 All Animals Are Equal, or Are They? 274 13.5 The Ethics of Animal Research 274 13.6 Animals in Sport, Companionship, Leisure and Fashion 277 13.6.1 Sport 277 13.6.2 Companion Animals and Pets 278 13.6.3 Fashion and Fur 279 13.7 Working Animals 279 13.8 Animals for Food 280 13.9 Concluding Comments 282 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 283 14 The Environmental Crisis: Not Just about Climate 285 14.1 Introduction 285 14.2 Environmental Damage: It’s a Fivefold Problem 287 14.2.1 Introduction 287 14.2.2 Environmental Pollution 287 14.2.3 Environmental Degradation 290 14.2.4 Loss of Habitat and of Biodiversity 291 14.2.5 Over]exploitation of Earth’s Resources 293 14.2.6 Pause for Reflection 294 14.3 Climate Change 295 14.3.1 Introduction 295 14.3.2 Sea Levels 297 14.3.3 How Much Can We Cope With? 298 14.3.4 Fuels and Energy Sources 299 14.3.5 Resilience 302 14.3.6 The Future 302 14.4 Valuing the Environment 305 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 310 15 Planet and Population 311 15.1 Introduction: The Anthropocene 311 15.2 How Many? 312 15.3 How Many Can We Feed? 313 15.3.1 Agricultural and Scientific Aspects 313 15.3.2 Social and Societal Aspects 316 15.3.3 War 317 15.4 How Many Is Too Many? 318 15.5 Water 319 15.6 Concluding Comments 321 Key References and Suggestions for Further Reading 323

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Book SynopsisThe Proactionary Imperative debates the concept of transforming human nature, including such thorny topics as humanity's privilege as a species, our capacity to 'play God', the idea that we might treat our genes as a capital investment, eugenics and what it might mean to be 'human' in the context of risky scientific and technological interventions.Trade Review"The book's foremost strength is its willingness to address the challenging social justice issues which those on the libertarian side of the transhumanist movement might otherwise overlook. Also greatly commendable is the varied array of material the authors summon to make their case. Accordingly, anyone who identifies with the need for future collectivist and democratic (as opposed to the typical market-driven) strategies for human enhancement, will undoubtedly find this text a well-informed 21st century starting point." - Sociological ImaginationTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Precautionary and Proactionary as the 21st Century's Defining Ideological Polarity 2. Proactionary Theology: Discovering the Art of God-Playing 3. Proactionary Biology: Recovering the Science of Eugenics 4. A Legal Framework for the Proactionary Principle The Proactionary Manifesto

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Book SynopsisWhat is Religious Ethics? An Introduction is an accessible and informative overview to major themes and methods in religious ethics. This concise and lively book demonstrates the relevance and importance of ethics based in religious traditions and describes how scholars of religious ethics think through moral problems. Combining an issues-based approach with a model of studying ethics religion-by-religion, this volume examines pressing topics through a variety of belief systemsHinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Sikhismwhile also importantly spotlighting Indigenous communities. Engaging case studies invite readers to consider the role of religions with regard to issues such as: CRISPR Vegetarianism Nuclear weapons Women's leadership Reparations for slavery What is Religious Ethics? is a reliable and easily digestiblTrade Review"Irene Oh’s book provides a wonderfully clear introduction for students. I recommend it without reservation for courses dealing with religious approaches to moral and social issues." John Kelsay, Florida State University, USA"At a time when discussions about ethics often feel imprecise and debates over religious commitments heated, Irene Oh offers this even-handed and comprehensive account of how religion influences what we believe and how we live. Whether you consider yourself religious or not, reading What is Religious Ehics? is like having a seat in Irene Oh’s classroom. An accessible and thought-provoking introduction to religious ethics by a leading scholar in the field."Elizabeth Bucar, Northeastern University, USA"With clarity and concision, Irene Oh provides a sweeping overview of religious ethics, demonstrating its ancient roots and cutting-edge relevance. This book simultaneously attends to classic issues like authority and autonomy, as well as boldly addresses contemporary controversies like CRISPR, climate change and racism. A fantastic and much needed entree to the field."Jonathan K. Crane, Emory University – Center for Ethics, USATable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Moral Authority and Moral Influence 2. Biomedical Ethics 3. Climate Change and the Environment 4. Poverty and Wealth Disparity 5. War and Violence 6. Feminism, Sex, and Gender 7. Race, Racism, and Christianity 8. Who Are We? Diverse Voices in Religious Ethics Conclusion. Index

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Book SynopsisAdvances in genetics and related biotechnologies are having a profound effect on sport, raising important ethical questions about the limits and possibilities of the human body. Drawing on real case studies and grounded in rigorous scientific evidence, this book offers an ethical critique of current practices and explores the intersection of genetics, ethics and sport. Written by two of the world's leading authorities on the ethics of biotechnology in sport, the book addresses the philosophical implications of the latest scientific developments and technological data. Distinguishing fact from popular myth and science fiction, it covers key topics such as the genetic basis of sport performance and the role of genetic testing in talent identification and development. Its ten chapters discuss current debates surrounding issues such as the shifting relationship between genetics, sports medicine and sports science, gene enhancement, gene transfer technology, doping and disability Trade Review"Key reading and a central reference point for anyone who intends to enter the realm of sport bioethics … I believe that with Bioethics, Genetics and Sport we have one of those books that we will refer to as classics or capital works in the philosophy of sport."- Matija Mato Škerbić, University of Zagreb, idrottsforum.orgTable of ContentsPreface Part I: Genethics, Sports Medicine and Sports Science1. The Nature of Genetics and Its Place in Medicine and Sport 2. What Role for Genetic Testing in Sport? 3. Genetic Testing for Talent Identification and Development 4. Biobanking in Sport: Governance and Ethics 5. Gene Transfer, Gene Enhancement and Gene Doping: Distinguishing Science from Science Fiction Part II: Enhancement, Therapy, and the Ethical Construction of Categories in Sport 6. Enhancement, Doping and the Spirit of Sport 7. A Case Study In ‘Gene Enhancement’: Gene Transfer to Raise the Tolerance to Pain: A Legitimate Mode of Enhancement, or Illegitimate Doping? 8. On the Eligibility of Female Athletes with Hyperandrogenism to Compete: Athleticism, Medicalisation and Testosterone 9. Congenital and Acquired Disabilities: What Counts as Unfair Advantage in the Paralympics? 10. The Re-Inscription of the Concept of Biological Race Through Sport in Society Epilogue

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Book SynopsisBringing the concept of contamination into dialogue with affect theory and bioart, Agnieszka Wolodzko urges us to rethink our relationship with ourselves, each other and other organisms. Thinking through the lens of contamination, this book provides an innovative approach to understanding the leaky, porous and visceral nature of our bodies and their endless interrelationships and, in doing so, uncovers new ways for thinking about embodiment. Affect theory has long been interested in transmission or contagion but, inspired by Spinoza and Deleuze, Affect as Contamination goes further, as contamination is concerned with the materiality of bodies and their affective encounter with other matter. This brings urgency to the notion of affect, not only for bioart that works with risky bodies but also for understanding how to practise our bodies in the age of biotechnological manipulation and governance. Using challenging and transgressive bioart projects as provocative case studiesTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Foreword 1. Affect as Contamination 2. Contaminant B like the Blood of a Horse 3. Contaminant T like a Taste of Smog 4. Contaminant O like Organs of Multibody 5. Contaminant V like a Vastal Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExploring the interconnectedness of human health, biodiversity, and bioethics. We all depend on environmental biodiversity for clean air, safe water, adequate nutrition, effective drugs, and protection from infectious diseases. Today's healthcare experts and policymakers are keenly aware that biodiversity is one of the crucial determinants of healthnot only for individuals but also for the human population of the planet. Unfortunately, rapid globalization and ongoing environmental degradation mean that biodiversity is rapidly deteriorating, threatening planetary health on a mass scale. In Wounded Planet, Henk A.M.J. ten Have argues that the ethical debate about healthcare has become too narrow and individualized. We must, he writes, adopt a new bioethical discourseone that deals with issues of justice, equality, vulnerability, human rights, and solidarityin order to adequately reflect the serious threat that current loss of biodiversity poses to planetary health. Exploring modern eTable of ContentsPreface 1. Global Bioethics and the Environment2. Biodiversity 3. Health 4. Disease 5. Drugs 6. Food 7. Water 8. Global Bioethics in PracticeNotesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book delves into medico-legal history, travelling back in time to explore English law’s fascinating and often acrimonious relationship with healing and healers.Challenging assumptions that medical law is a recent development, Law and healing traces the regulation of healers from the Church's dominance to legal battles fought among medical practitioners. As well as considering the history of the regulation of healers, this book addresses moral issues such as abortion, bodily sovereignty, and the use of cadavers in research. It highlights how fundamental legal and ethical questions continue to resurface, for example, from controversy in the Renaissance over human dissection to modern-day debates about organ donation. Law and healing provides a colourful but critical account of the longstanding – and often fraught – relationship between two fundamental pillars of human society.Table of ContentsPreface 1 Medico-legal history: why bother?2 Medical brethren3 ‘Unruly brethren’: regulation and reputation4 The bumpy road to the General Medical Council5 Medical litigation6 Human life, common law and Christianity7 Your living body: ‘temple of the soul’8 Reproductive bodies: mothers, midwives and morals9 The not (yet) born child10 Honouring the dead: commodifying the corpsePostscriptIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book presents theoretical and applied issues including ethical theory, moral, social, political, and legal philosophy. Issues include: biology and medicine, business, education, environment, government, mass media, science, agriculture and food production, and religion.

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Book SynopsisOffering a compendium of case studies in bioethics, Choosing Well demonstrates real ethical dilemmas that can occur in health care settings. Instructors can draw upon the scenarios in this concise and highly effective resource to encourage analysis, critique, discussion, and debate of hot-button ethical issues.The authors present a diverse selection of complex case studies in bioethics to stimulate in-depth analysis on topics ranging from distributive justice, research ethics, reproductive technologies, abortion, and death and dying, to the health care professional–patient relationship and ethics in the workplace. The text also features case studies that move through time to reflect real-life decision making and cases that present multiple perspectives to illustrate the challenges that can arise from disputes in health care settings. Utilizing the DECIDED strategy for analyzing case studies, instructors can guide students through the steps needed to work through a wide variety of ethical dilemmas and encourage reflection on their own ethical assumptions.Accessible, practical, and highly engaging, Choosing Well offers a helpful and interesting way to explore central issues in contemporary bioethics, making it an indispensable resource for instructors and students of bioethics, biomedical ethics, and health care ethics.Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1: An Introduction to Ethics, Case Studies, and Bioethical Principles Chapter 2: The DECIDED Strategy for Working Through Case Studies in Bioethics Chapter 3: Case Studies on Ethics in the Workplace Chapter 4: Case Studies on Distributive Justice Chapter 5: Case Studies on the Health Care Professional–Patient Relationship Chapter 6: Case Studies on Research Ethics Chapter 7: Case Studies on Reproductive Technologies Chapter 8: Case Studies on the Genetic Revolution Chapter 9: Case Studies on Abortion and Maternal–Fetal Conflicts Chapter 10: Case Studies on Death and Dying Chapter 11: Case Studies on Organs and Tissues: Procurement and Transplantation Chapter 12: Case Studies on Medical Paradigms and Non-Standard Treatment Chapter 13: Case Studies That Move Through Time Chapter 14: Case Studies Told from Multiple Perspectives Appendix A: Alternative Case Study Guidelines Appendix B: The Role of Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, and the Law in Bioethics Appendix C: Two Case Studies Analyzed Using the DECIDED Strategy Glossary

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Book SynopsisWhat will it mean for society if science enables us to choose a future child whose health, athletic ability or intelligence is predetermined? This future is becoming ever more likely with the latest developments in human reproduction -- but concerns are growing about the implications. New procedures making possible heritable genetic modifications such as genome editing open the door to ‘sanitized’ selective eugenics; but these practices have some unnerving similarities to the discredited eugenic programmes of early twentieth-century regimes. A Christian perspective based on Scripture gives us the resources we urgently need to evaluate both current and future selection practices. Calum MacKellar offers an accessible, inter-disciplinary analysis, blending science, history and Christian theology. This book will enable you to become fully informed about the new scientific developments in human reproduction – developments that will affect us all.Trade ReviewMost people will be totally unaware of the dark legacy of eugenics in the UK, let alone in the rest of Europe and the US. MacKellar is probably the world’s most clear-sighted Christian exponent of this history and its modern counterpart – the new eugenics. It presents its apparently benign face throughout the National Health Service in the UK, but beneath the surface are issues that all of us need to know about. This book is a lucid, balanced and unique guide to help discern the truly therapeutic from the eugenic. * Trevor Stammers, Associate Professor and Director, Centre fo Bioethics and Emerging Technologies, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London *

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Book SynopsisThis textbook untangles the complicated ethical dilemmas that arise during the day-to-day work of healthcare chaplaincy, and offers a sturdy but flexible framework which chaplains can use to reflect on their own practice.Tackling essential issues such as consent, life support, abortion, beginning and end of life and human dignity, it enables chaplains to tease out the ethical implications of situations they encounter, to educate themselves on relevant legal matters and to engage with different ethical viewpoints. The book combines case studies of familiar scenarios with thorough information on legal matters, while providing ample opportunity for workplace reflection and offering guidance as to how chaplains can best support patients and their families while preserving their own integrity and well-being. Clear, sensitive and user-friendly, this will be an indispensable resource for healthcare chaplains and all healthcare professionals interested in spiritual care.Trade ReviewA wonderfully clear example of applied ethics, very much written with the working Chaplain in mind. I expect we will see a copy on the shelves of most acute Chaplaincy Departments, and I would specifically commend to those from a Christian tradition considering Chaplaincy as a vocation to read cover to cover. Packed with useful guidance on tricky issues, it also engages the reader on a self-reflective journey through the gamut of ethical challenges we may encounter in acute hospitals. All in all, a real contribution to our Chaplaincy toolkit. -- Dr Simon Harrison (President, CHCC)Ethical Questions in Healthcare Chaplaincy is a an invaluable tool with which to think about the many challenging pastoral situations a chaplain may encounter. Its use of different scenarios and related questions helps the chaplain reflect on what he sees, to think critically about his response and thereby improve his care and support of those to whom he ministers.Having previously worked full time as a hospital chaplain for 11 years I only wish this book had been available then. -- Bishop Paul MasonPia Matthews has written a timely and informative book that speaks directly to its readers.This book is to be commended for its breadth and the straightforwardness of its discussion. It could valuably be shared with all chaplaincy volunteers and is essential reading for anyone who finds themselves working for the first time as a healthcare chaplain. -- Caroline Worsfold * The Way, a Journal of Christian Spirituality published by the British Jesuits *Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1. The Basics. 2. The Dignity of the Human Person. 3. Autonomy, Consent, Refusing Treatment and Boundaries. 4. Ethics and Non-autonomous Patients. 5. Confidentiality, Privacy, Data Protection, Truth Telling and Trust. 6. Ethical Issues at the Beginning of Life. 7. Ethical Issues about Babies, Children and Young Adults. 8. Ethical Issues at the End of Life. 9. Dying and Death: Ethical Issues. 10. Loss, Grief and Bereavement, Burn-out and the Wounded Healer. 11. Conscientious Objection and Loyalties. Resources.

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Book SynopsisThe introduction of new technologies can be controversial, especially when they create ethical tensions as well as winners and losers among stakeholders and interest groups. While ethical tensions resulting from the genetic modification of crops and plants and their supportive gene technologies have been apparent for decades, persistent challenges remain. This book explores the contemporary nature, type, extent and implications of ethical tensions resulting from agricultural biotechnology specifically and technology generally. There are four main arenas of ethical tensions: public opinion, policy and regulation, technology as solutions to problems, and older versus new technologies. Contributions focus on one or more of these arenas by identifying the ethical tensions technology creates and articulating emerging fault lines and, where possible, viable solutions. Key features include: Focusing on contemporary challenges created by new and emerging technologies, especially agricultural biotechnology. Identifying a unique perspective by considering the problem of ethical tensions created or enhanced by new technologies. Providing an interdisciplinary perspective by including perspectives from sociologists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists. This book will be of interest to academics in agricultural economics, sociology and philosophy and policymakers concerned with introducing new technology into agriculture.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Ethical Tensions and New Technology: An Overview in the Context of Agricultural Biotechnology PART 1: PUBLIC OPINION AND INTEREST 1: Ethical Tensions from a ‘Science Alone’ Approach in Communicating Genetic Engineering Science to Consumers 2: Against the (GM) Grain: Ethical Tensions and Agrobiotechnology Activism in the USA 3: The Use and Abuse of the Term ‘GMO’ in the ‘Common Weal Rhetoric’ Against the Application of Modern Biotechnology in Agriculture 4: Collaborating with the Enemy? A View from Down Under on GM Research Partnerships PART 2: POLICY AND REGULATION 5: Three Models of Public Opinion and Public Interest for Agricultural Biotechnology: Precautionary, Conventional and Accommodative 6: Genetically Modified Organisms in Food: Ethical Tensions and the Labeling Initiative 7: Ethical Tensions in Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology and their Impact on Policy Outcomes: Evidence from the USA and India PART 3: TECHNOLOGICAL FIX CRITICISM 8: Technological Pragmatism: Navigating the Ethical Tensions Created by Agricultural Biotechnology 9: Absolute Hogwash: Assemblage and the New Breed of Animal Biotechnology PART 4: NEW VERSUS OLD TECHNOLOGY 10: Nature-identical Outcomes, Artificial Processes: Governance of CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing as an Ethical Challenge 11: New Technology, Cognitive Bias and Ethical Tensions in Entrepreneurial Commercialization: The Case of CRISPR PART 5: MEDIATING ETHICAL TENSIONS 12: New Technology, Ethical Tensions and the Mediating Role of Translational Research

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Book SynopsisLife and health sciences and biomedical studies have developed rapidly over the last few decades raising previously unanticipated ethical concerns and questions. New and emerging technologies require novel approaches, protocols and raised awareness to ensure adequate levels of biosecurity and biosafety as well as the implementation of special measures to prevent their potential misuse or dual use. This volume brings together an international collection of prominent ethics experts in health and life sciences, with the aim of providing clear and comprehensive guidelines for the establishment of efficient ethical strategies related to current and emerging biotechnologies and health research. Important current topics in research ethics including CRISPR-Cas9 technologies, gene editing, ‘big data’ in healthcare and life sciences, nutrition in medicine among other topics have found their place in this volume. In addition, the volume discusses the prospects for the implementation of an international unification of ethical standards in life sciences.Trade ReviewThis volume compiles 11 essays by bioethics, medical, and other researchers from Europe and the US, who explore ethics and integrity in health and life sciences research. They address the work of the TRUST project towards counteracting the practice of ethics dumping through the development of tools for the improvement of research governance structures; lessons learned from care of patients with the Ebola virus; ethical challenges in the digital era; ethical aspects relating to big data; governance approaches to safety and security in research in relation to emerging technologies; governing gene editing in the European Union; the responsible and ethical use of genome editing technologies; ethical issues in dual-use brain science; the ethical challenges of informed consent, decision-making capacity, and vulnerability in clinical dementia research; ethical and moral responsibility in diet therapy research; and the mismatch of the science of nutrition and medical practice. -- Annotation ©2019 * (protoview.com) *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Research Production in Life Sciences; Zvonimir Koporc Chapter 1. Promoting Equity and Preventing Exploitation in International Research: The aims, work and output of the TRUST project; Julie Cook, Kate Chatfield & Doris Schroeder Chapter 2. Ebola Virus Disease: A lesson in science and ethics; Nicola Petrosillo & Rok Čivljak Chapter 3. Ethics Challenges in the Digital Era: Focus on medical research; Albena Kuyumdzhieva Chapter 4. Big Data in Healthcare and the Life Sciences; Janet Mifsud & Cristina Gavrilovici Chapter 5. Shaping a Culture of Safety and Security in Research on Emerging Technologies: Time to move beyond ‘simple compliance’ ethics; Monique Ischi & Johannes Rath Chapter 6. Governing Gene Editing in the European Union: Legal and ethical considerations; Mihalis Kritiko Chapter 7. The ARRIGE Project; Francois Hirsch & Lluis Montoliu Chapter 8. Dual Use in Neuroscientific and Neurotechnological Research: A need for ethical address and guidance; James Giordano & Kathinka Evers Chapter 9. Ethical Challenges of Informed Consent, Decision-Making Capacity and Vulnerability in Clinical Dementia Research; Pablo Hernández-Marrero, Sandra Martins Pereira, Joana Araújo & Ana Sofia Carvalh Chapter 10. Diet Therapy - Effective Treatment but also Ethical and Moral Responsibility; Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusuri Chapter 11. The Mismatch of Nutrition and ‘Medical Practice’: The wayward science of nutrition in human health; T Colin Campbell & T Nelson Campbell

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Book SynopsisSELECTED AS A NEW SCIENTIST 'BOOKS TO EXPAND YOUR MIND' 'THOUGHTFUL ... EXAMINES THE BOUNDARIES OF MOTHERHOOD THROUGH AN UNUSUAL LENS: ARTIFICIAL WOMBS. ... A SKILLED WRITER WITH A CAREFUL GRASP OF HER SUBJECT AND ITS FASCINATING HISTORY' Angela Saini, Telegraph 'AN ENGROSSING INSIGHT INTO THE FUTURE OF BIRTH THROUGH THE LENSES OF THE MOST PRESSING WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSUES OF OUR ERA' New Statesman Throughout human history, every single one of us has been born from a person. So far. But that is about to change. Scientific research is on the cusp of being able to grow babies outside human bodies, from machines, for the very first time. Claire Horn takes us on a truly radical and urgent deep dive into the most challenging and pertinent questions of our age. Could artificial wombs allow women to redistribute the work of gestating? How do we protect reproductive and abortion rights? And who exactly gets access to this technology, in our vastly unequal world? In this interrogative and fascinating story of modern birth, Eve imagines with eye-opening clarity what all this might mean for the future of humanity. AS HEARD ON RADIO 4'S TODAY PROGRAMME and TIMES RADIOTrade ReviewEve ... looks with hope and trepidation to a future of externalised, artificial uteruses. Where do abortion, surrogacy and parenthood fit in a brave new 'ectogenetic' world? * New Scientist, Books to Expand Your Mind *In her thoughtful debut, Eve, legal scholar Claire Horn examines the boundaries of motherhood through an unusual lens: artificial wombs ... a skilled writer with a careful grasp of her subject and its fascinating history - handled with poignancy because she was pregnant while writing the book -- Angela Saini * Telegraph *An engrossing insight into the future of birth through the lenses of the most pressing women's health issues of our era ... a sobering reminder that wherever technology promises to improve women's lives, there also exists a threat that someone, somewhere, will attempt to co-opt it to control their bodies instead. * New Statesman *

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Book SynopsisA TIMES ENVIRONMENT AND SCIENCE BOOK OF THE YEAR 2022 'The ideal guide to what is not just a fiendishly complex area of science but also an ethical minefield' Mail on Sunday A new gene editing technology, invented just seven years ago, has turned humanity into gods. Enabling us to manipulate the genes in virtually any organism with exquisite precision, CRISPR has given scientists a degree of control that was undreamt of even in science fiction. But CRISPR is just the latest, giant leap in a long journey to master genetics. The Genetic Age shows the astonishing, world-changing potential of the new genetics and the possible threats it poses, sifting between fantasy and the reality when it comes to both benefits and dangers. By placing each phase of discovery, anticipation and fear in the context of over fifty years of attempts to master the natural world, Matthew Cobb, the Baillie-Gifford-shortlisted author of The Idea of the Brain, weaves the stories of science, history and culture to shed new light on our future. With the powers now at our disposal, it is a future that is almost impossible to imagine - but it is one we will create ourselves.Trade ReviewFascinating, occasionally chilling and very readable -- Rhys Blakely * The Times *Detailed and deeply researched ... striking ... complex -- Henry Marsh * New Statesman *[A] deeply researched and often deeply troubling history of gene science ... [in search of] decency and honor in a morally complex field. -- Deborah Blum * New York Times *Disturbing and readable * New Scientist *Comprehensive ... you can sense Cobb's excitement and enthusiasm * TLS *The ideal guide to what is not just a fiendishly complex area of science but also an ethical minefield * Mail on Sunday *There are serious questions about the safety of genetic engineering, but also profound social and ethical questions about its use. Matthew Cobb, in his detailed and deeply researched book ... is concerned as much about these questions as he is about the technical details ... but the book is not a primer for understanding the field; it is much more than that. -- Henry Marsh * New Statesman *Wonderful ... a thoughtful, lively and evocative exposition of the history of genetic engineering. -- Adrian Woolfson * Wall Street Journal *Excellent and occasionally harrowing ... masterfully told history ... offers a clear-eyed, well-researched view of the promises and pitfalls of a necessary new technology * Forbes *[An] indefatigable exploration of the genesis of biology ... beautifully lays out the sheer improbability of our biosphere. * The Atlantic *A look at genetic engineering that provides valuable background for rethinking the appropriate uses for these technologies. * Kirkus *A truly valuable book ... most of us get very big picture ideas of what's going on with gene editing and other genetic modifications from the media. Now we've got the real story -- Brain Clegg * Popular Science *An engaging, intriguing book about the history of genetic engineering and where it might lead society ... Excellent. * Library Journal *[A] remarkable jaunt through the twists and turns of the genetic engineering revolution ... a valuable new go-to source. -- Luis A. Campos * Science *Cobb does an excellent job describing the history and the nuts and bolts of genetic engineering. But his real focus, as the title of his book implies, is on the sociological, psychological, and philosophical questions surrounding the genetic age. * GEN Biotechnology *His evenhanded critique balances caution about emergent technologies with tart scepticism of overreaching claims ... The result is an eye-opening - and occasionally hair-raising - indictment of scientific hubris and recklessness. * Publishers Weekly *The book provides such rich description that even the most knowledgeable readers ... will learn something new ... fascinating. * Journal of Medical Humanities *Powerful gene technologies, long foreseen, are finally with us. Taking the measure of this daunting prospect calls for historical acumen, technical appreciation, and a clear-eyed view of human foibles. As this book attests, Matthew Cobb has all three -- Jon TurneyA superb account of genetic engineering in life and culture, in all its myriad anxieties and exhilarations. Should we be scared? Read this book and you'll have a sense of the answer -- Adam Roberts, author * It's the End of the World *Matthew Cobb is a great storyteller of science, a tapestry of intriguing and enlightening ideas thoughtfully and entertainingly told -- Robin InceProfound and important ... Written with astute, calm and clear-sighted judgement, The Genetic Age is likely to be the definitive account of the rise of gene biotechnologies. Neither a credulous booster nor a doom-mongering catastrophist, Matthew Cobb steers a prudent path through the promise and perils of genetic engineering -- Philip Ball, author * Critical Mass *Faced with a new round of genetic dreams and nightmares, Matthew Cobb skilfully sifts the truth from the hype in this thrilling and alarming account of our most dangerous and exciting technology -- Paul Mason, author * How to Stop Fascism *The promise of genetic engineering is limitless, the stuff of dreams and nightmares, and that is also the problem, as Matthew Cobb shows us in this elegant and meticulously researched history. Packed with human stories and fascinating detail, this is the journey of discovery that changed how we view life itself. -- Gaia Vince, author * Transcendence, Adventures in the Anthropocene *A lucid and vigorously insightful account of the pitfalls and triumphs of the twenty-first century's most ethically challenging and potentially world-changing technology -- Paul McAuley, author * Fairyland *A superb guide to the global history of the dreams, fears and science of genetic engineering, and why it matters for tomorrow -- Jon Agar, author * Turing and the Universal Machine *A gripping, bawdy tale of science fiction morphing into business history ... Exhaustively researched and beautifully written ... the histories of recombinant DNA, biotech, GMOs, gene therapy, and cloning in a single lively, accessible account -- Nathaniel Comfort, Professor of the History of Medicine, John Hopkins University, and author * The Tangled Field: How Genetics Became the Heart of American Medicine *A riveting guide to the new age of genome engineering, revealing how ideas and technology that until recently existed only in science fiction are now a stunning clinical reality ... Required reading for anyone who cares about the future of humanity and our planet -- Kevin Davies, author * Editing Humanity *The genetic advances of the past half-century have raised the possibility that we can not only read the instructions that make living things, including ourselves, but also edit them at will. As a geneticist, Matthew Cobb celebrates the potential of these advances for medicine, agriculture and biodiversity. As a historian, however, he sets them against a complex social, political and cultural backdrop, arguing that everyone should have a voice in deciding what is necessary and right, not just what is possible. His riveting analysis warns that in a world beset by poverty, inequality and climate catastrophe, chasing apparently dazzling technofixes is rarely cost effective or morally justified. -- Georgina Ferry, scientist and broadcaster

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Book SynopsisEveryone has a view about animal ethics. Each of us, for example, has an opinion about whether we should eat meat; whether animals should be used for scientific research, or whether the use of animals in sport is acceptable. But very few of us stop to wonder about the basis of our views, or to rationalise them. In this book, Madeleine Campbell aims to enable us to do so, by addressing a series of questions such as: When does animal use become abuse? Why do we treat some animals differently from others? Are there some things which we should never do to animals? And, just because we can, should we? Drawing on her experience as a Veterinarian; a European Diplomate in Animal Welfare Science, Ethics and Law; a researcher and teacher, and a member of various industry ethical review bodies and of welfare and ethics committees for membership organisations and government, the author takes ethical argument beyond academia and applies it to the question which currently dominates societal debate about human-animal interactions: what (if anything) is a reasonable use of an animal? Animals, Ethics, and Us offers a stripped back, balanced and moderate perspective, based on logical argument, philosophical principles and sound science. It is a thought-provoking read aimed at a broad readership including informed owners and animal enthusiasts, as well as useful a primer for students of animal ethics, welfare and veterinary medicine.Table of ContentsHow we think about animals Should different animals be treated differently? When does use become abuse? Are there some things we should never do to animals? Just because we can, should we? Human:animal interactions - exploitative or mutually beneficial? The mechanisms of animal ethics or how do we make a difference?

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Book SynopsisIn Animals as Biotechnology sociologist Richard Twine places the question of human/animal relations at the heart of sustainability and climate change debates. The book is shaped by the emergence of two contradictory trends within our approach to nonhuman animals: the biotechnological turn in animal sciences, which aims to increase the efficiency and profitability of meat and dairy production; and the emerging field of critical animal studies - mostly in the humanities and social sciences - which works to question the nature of our relations with other animals. The first part of the book focuses on ethics, examining critically the dominant paradigms of bioethics and power relations between human and non-human. The second part considers animal biotechnology and political economy, examining commercialisation and regulation. The final part of the book centres on discussions of sustainability, limits and an examination of the prospects for animal ethics if biotechnology becomes part of the dominant agricultural paradigm. Twine concludes by considering whether growing calls to reduce our consumption of meat/dairy products in the face of climate change threats are in fact complicit with an anthropocentric understanding of sustainability and that what is needed is a more fundamental ethical and political questioning of relations and distinctions between humans, animals and nature.Trade Review'Twine's Animals as Biotechnology adds a much needed perspective to debates surrounding animal life, ethics, capitalism, and emerging animal biotechnologies. Combining cutting-edge interdisciplinary frameworks from critical animal studies with in-depth analyses of the economics and science behind the increasing commodification and production of animals for human consumption, Twine makes a compelling case for the development of a more generous, less anthropocentric approach in our myriad relations with the other-than-human world.' – Dr. Matthew Calarco, Associate Professor of Philosophy, California State University at Fullerton, USA - Author of 'Zoographies: The Question of the Animal from Heidegger to Derrida''Richard Twine weaves deftly between 'molecularisation' of animals in biotechnology and growing sensibilities about human-animal relationships. Tensions between these opposing strands raise many questions about what animal science can promise, and - importantly - about implications for sustainability and how we treat other animals who share this earth. Rethinking relationships with other animals is critical for all our futures.' – Professor Lynda Birke, University of Chester, UK and author of 'Feminism, Animals and Science: The Naming of the Shrew' and 'Feminism and the Biological Body''Twine's book is an excellent addition to both bioethics and animal studies. He is able effectively to synthesize and constructively critique two complex disciplines, while at the same time keeping an emphasis on the living animals themselves. This book is essential for anyone working in the fields of animal studies, bioethics, and science and technology studies, as well as for graduate-level courses in these areas' – Dr. Julie Urbanik, Society & Animals'Its combination of breadth and proficiency with technical developments makes it a valuable resource for those seeking to stay abreast with developments in the field, both ethical and technological. (It) offers a sophisticated analysis of a range of complex technical issues and would be valuable to those teaching and studying bioethics, animal studies or environmental studies, as well as those interested in the intersection of agriculture and political economy' – Jay (Koby) Oppenheim, Food, Culture & Society'Impressively erudite and impeccably researched, the book marks a major contribution to debates on animal biotechnology, climate change, and critical animal studies. The book triumphantly addresses the critique of the humanities as irrelevant and isolated from practical matters by attending to the hard scientific issues so many scholars in the humanities lack the training to properly engage. Its success is double, then, because more than offering a critique of scientific practices from a posthumanist perspective, for scientists in these fields the book lucidly presents the full scope of the ethical issues that surround their work - and, perhaps more importantly, offers an ethical framework for the future' – Chris Washington, Miami University (Ohio), Journal for Critical Animal Studies 'Undoubtedly, Animals as Biotechnology is an impressive piece of research, the winner of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies 2011 book of the year and a stinging critique of meat production practices' – John Miller, Green LettersTable of ContentsIntroduction: From the Sciences of Meat to Critical Animal Studies Part I: The Animal and the Ethical 1. Undomesticating the Ethical 2. Toward a Critical Bioethics 3. Thinking across Species in the Ethics of 'Enhancement' Part II: Capitalizing on Animals 4. Animal Biotechnology and Regulation 5. Biopower and the Biotechnological Framing of the Animal Body 6. Capitalizing on the Molecular Animal: Beyond Limits? Part III: Capturing Sustainability in the Genome 7. Mobilizing the Promise of Sustainability 8. Searching for the 'Win-Win'? Animal Genomics and 'Welfare' Conclusion: From the 'Livestock' 'Revolution' to a Revolution in Human/Animal Relations

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Book SynopsisEcosystems and Nature brings together the work of leading authorities in biodiversity research. It provides readers with a broad interdisciplinary perspective on the major issues in biodiversity, including economics, natural science, management and ethics.The collection is divided into four main sections: part I introduces some fundamental scientific and socio-economic concepts and analysis in order to illustrate the complexities involved in the human-ecosystems interface; part II deals with the valuation of ecosystems with special emphasis on the main biomes, faults, wetlands, marine systems, grasslands and agriculture; part III covers the problem of value appropriation and the relevant constraints and available policy instruments; the final section focuses on the difficult ethical issues that surround utilization and conservation of biodiversity.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: Biodiversity: Basic Science and Economics 1. C.S. Holling (1973), ‘Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems’ 2. Carl Folke, C.S. Holling and Charles Perrings (1996), ‘Biological Diversity, Ecosystems, and the Human Scale’ 3. Kris H. Johnson, Kristiina A. Vogt, Heidi J. Clark, Oswald J. Schmitz and Daniel J. Vogt (1996), ‘Biodiversity and the Productivity and Stability of Ecosystems’ 4. Stuart L. Pimm, Gareth J. Russell, John L. Gittleman and Thomas M. Brooks (1995), ‘The Future of Biodiversity’ 5. Kenneth Arrow, Bert Bolin, Robert Costanza, Partha Dasgupta, Carl Folke, C.S. Holling, Bengt-Owe Jansson, Simon Levin, Karl-Göran Mäler, Charles Perrings and David Pimentel (1995), ‘Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity, and the Environment’ 6. Charles Perrings and David Pearce (1994), ‘Threshold Effects and Incentives for the Conservation of Biodiversity’ 7. Timothy M. Swanson (1994), ‘The Economics of Extinction Revisited and Revised: A Generalised Framework for the Analysis of the Problems of Endangered Species and Biodiversity Losses’ Part II: Valuing Ecosystemfunctions and Services: Demonstrating the Value of Natural Biological Capital A Overviews 8. Gail Bingham, Richard Bishop, Michael Brody, Daniel Bromley, Edwin (Toby) Clark, William Cooper, Robert Costanza, Thomas Hale, Gregory Hayden, Stephen Kellert, Richard Norgaard, Bryan Norton, John Payne, Clifford Russell and Glenn Suter (1995), ‘Issues in Ecosystem Valuation: Improving Information for Decision Making’ 9. N. Bockstael, R. Costanza, I. Strand, W. Boynton, K. Bell and L. Wainger (1995), ‘Ecological Economic Modeling and Valuation of Ecosystems’ 10. John M. Gowdy (1997), ‘The Value of Biodiversity: Markets, Society, and Ecosystems’ B Tropical and Temperate Forests 11. Ricardo Godoy, Ruben Lubowski and Anil Markandya (1993), ‘A Method for the Economic Valuation of Non-Timber Forest Products’ 12. W. Neil Adger, Katrina Brown, Raffaello Cervigni and Dominic Moran (1995), ‘Total Economic Value of Forests in Mexico’ 13. Thomas D. Crocker (1985), ‘On the Value of the Condition of a Forest Stock’ C Temperate and Tropical Wetlands 14. Edward B. Barbier (1994), ‘Valuing Environmental Functions: Tropical Wetlands’ 15. Robert Costanza, Stephen C. Farber and Judith Maxwell (1989), ‘Valuation and Management of Wetland Ecosystems’ 16. Stephen K. Swallow (1994), ‘Renewable and Nonrenewable Resource Theory Applied to Coastal Agriculture, Forest, Wetland, and Fisheries Linkages’ D Marine Resources 17. R.K. Turner, S. Subak and W.N. Adger (1996), ‘Pressures, Trends, and Impacts in Coastal Zones: Interactions Between Socioeconomic and Natural Systems’ 18. H. Jack Ruitenbeek (1994), ‘Modelling Economy-Ecology Linkages in Mangroves: Economic Evidence for Promoting Conservation in Bintuni Bay, Indonesia’ 19. John B. Loomis and Douglas M. Larson (1994), ‘Total Economic Values of Increasing Gray Whale Populations: Results from a Contingent Valuation Survey of Visitors and Households’ E Grasslands and Agriculture 20. Katrina Brown (1997), ‘Plain Tales from the Grasslands: Extraction, Value and Utilization of Biomass in Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal’ 21. Lars Drake (1992), ‘The Non-Market Value of the Swedish Agricultural Landscape’ Part III: Capturing the Value of Ecosystemfunctions and Services A Property Rights, Institutions and Policy Instruments 22. James R. Kahn and Judith A. McDonald (1995), ‘Third-World Debt and Tropical Deforestation’ 23. H. Jack Ruitenbeek (1992), ‘The Rainforest Supply Price: A Tool for Evaluating Rainforest Conservation Expenditures’ 24. Brent M. Swallow and Daniel W. Bromley (1995), ‘Institutions, Governance and Incentives in Common Property Regimes for African Rangelands’ 25. Madhav Gadgil (1992), ‘Conserving Biodiversity as if People Matter: A Case Study from India’ 26. Martin Whitby and Caroline Saunders (1996), ‘Estimating the Supply of Conservation Goods in Britain: A Comparison of the Financial Efficiency of Two Policy Instruments’ B Conservation Management Priorities, Safe Minimum Standards and Opportunity Costs 27. Dominic Moran, David Pearce and Anouk Wendelaar (1996), ‘Global Biodiversity Priorities: A Cost-Effectiveness Index for Investments’ 28. Charles Perrings and Brian Walker (1997), ‘Biodiversity, Resilience and the Control of Ecological-Economic Systems: The Case of Fire-Driven Rangelands’ 29. Andreas Hohl and Clement A. Tisdell (1993), ‘How Useful are Environmental Safety Standards in Economics? – The Example of Safe Minimum Standards for Protection of Species’ 30. Priya Shyamsundar and Randall Kramer (1997), ‘Biodiversity Conservation – At What Cost? A Study of Households in the Vicinity of Madagascar’s Mantadia National Park’ 31. Sandra S. Batie and Carl C. Mabbs-Zeno (1985), ‘Opportunity Costs of Preserving Coastal Wetlands: A Case Study of a Recreational Housing Development’ Part IV: Ethics 32. Holmes Rolston III (1985), ‘Valuing Wildlands’ 33. Bryan G. Norton (1995), ‘Evaluating Ecosystem States: Two Competing Paradigms’ 34. Talbot Page (1995), ‘Harmony and Pathology’ 35. Alan Randall (1991), ‘The Value of Biodiversity’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis book grapples with the moral meaning of the new biomedical technologies now threatening to take us back to the future envisioned by Aldous Huxley in "Brave New World". In a series of meditations on cloning, embryo research, the sale of organs, and the assault on mortality itself, Kass questions the wisdom of trying to break down the natural boundaries given us and to remake the human body into an instrument of our will.

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Book SynopsisThe boundaries of life now occupy a place of central concern among biological anthropologists. Because of the centrality of the modern biological definition of life to Euro-American medicine and anthropology, the definition of life itself and its contestation exemplify competing uses of knowledge. On the one hand, "life" and "death" may be redefined as partial or contingent ("brain death"), or reconstituted altogether ("virtual" or "artificial life"). On the other hand, the finality and "reality" of death resists such classifications. This volume reflects a growing international concern about issues such as organ transplantation, new reproductive and genetic technologies and embryo research, and the necessity of cross-cultural comparison. The political economy of body parts, organ and tissue "harvesting," bio-prospecting, and the patenting of life-forms are explored herein, as well as governance and regulation in cloning, organ transplantation, tissue engineering, and artificial life systems procedures.

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Book SynopsisFor the first time, based on an extensive survey conducted across the whole of Europe by the Association Descartes, the details of over 1,000 persons and organisations are now available. The Directory is broken down into 14 sections : the first section is devoted to European institutions; the next twelve cover each EEC country and list the names of persons and organisations involved in bioethics; a complementary listing covers indispensable persons or organisations; A reference work both for researchers and anybody concerned with bioethics.

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Book SynopsisThis book affords a neopragmatic theory of animal ethics, taking its lead from American Pragmatism to place language at the centre of philosophical analysis. Following a method traceable to Dewey, Wittgenstein and Rorty, Hadley argues that many enduring puzzles about human interactions with animals can be ‘dissolved’ by understanding why people use terms like dignity, respect, naturalness, and inherent value. Hadley shifts the debate about animal welfare and rights from its current focus upon contentious claims about value and animal mindedness, to the vocabulary people use to express their concern for the suffering and lives of animals. With its emphasis on public concern for animals, animal neopragmatism is a uniquely progressive and democratic theory of animal ethics.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. The Political Problem of Welfare.- 3. The Philosophical Problem of Welfare.- 4. Relational Hedonism.- 5. Responses to the Welfare Problems.- 6. Two Problems for Animal Rights Theory.- 7. Objections to Animal Neopragmatism.- 8. Welfare, Rights, and Pragmatism.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book provides an extensive review of ethical and regulatory issues related to human infection challenge studies, with a particular focus on the expansion of this type of research into endemic settings and/or low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Human challenge studies (HCS) involve the intentional infection of research participants, and this type of research is rapidly increasing in frequency worldwide. HCS are widely considered to be an especially promising approach to vaccine development, including for pathogens endemic to LMICs. However, challenge studies are sometimes controversial and raise complex ethical issues, some of which are especially salient in endemic and/or LMIC settings. Informed by qualitative interviews with experts in infectious diseases and bioethics, this book highlights areas of ethical consensus and controversy concerning this kind of research. As the first volume to focus on ethical issues associated with human challenge studies, it sets the agenda for further work in this important area of global health research; contributes to current debates in research ethics; and aims to inform regulatory policy and research practice. Insofar as it focuses on HCS in (endemic) settings where diseases are present and/or widespread, much of the analysis provided here is directly relevant to HCS involving pandemic diseases including COVID19. Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Methods.- 3. History of human challenge studies.- 4. ethical issues.- 5. Community engagement, ethics review, and regulation.- 6. Case studies.- 7. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores major bioethical issues emerging from the development and use of artificial intelligence in medical settings. The authors start by defining the past, present and future of artificial intelligence in medical settings and then proceed to address the resulting common and specific bioethical inquiries. The book discusses bioethical inquiries in two separate sets. The first set is comprised of ontological discussions mainly focusing on personhood and being an ethical agent of an artefact. The second set discusses bioethical issues resulting from the use of artificial intelligence. It focuses particularly on the area of artificial intelligence use in medicine and health services. It addresses the main challenges by considering fundamental principles of medical ethics, including confidentiality, privacy, compassion, veracity and fidelity. Finally, the authors discuss the ethical implications of involvement of artificial intelligence agents in patient care by expanding on communication skills in a case-based approach. The book is of great interest to ethicists, medical professionals, academicians, engineers and scientists working with artificial intelligence.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. What is Artificial Intelligence?.- 2.1. Definitions.- 2.2. History.- 2.3. State of play and future prospects.- 3. Bioethical inquiries about artificial intelligence.- 3.1. Bioethical issues common to weak and strong artificial intelligence.- 3.2. Bioethical issues resulting from strong artificial intelligence.- 3.2.1. Ontological discussions.- 3.2.2. Consequential discussions.- 4. Medicine and artificial intelligence.- 4.1. Use of artificial in health services.- 4.2. Main challenges in medical ethics.- 4.2.1. Confidentiality and privacy.- 4.2.2. Compassion, veracity and fidelity.- 4.2.3. Communication skills and case based approach.- 5. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores and elaborates three theories of public reason, drawn from Rawlsian political liberalism, natural law theory, and Confucianism. Drawing together academics from these separate approaches, the volume explores how the three theories critique each other, as well as how each one brings its theoretical arsenal to bear on the urgent contemporary debate of medical assistance in dying. The volume is structured in two parts: an exploration of the three traditions, followed by an in-depth overview of the conceptual and historical background. In Part I, the three comprehensive opening chapters are supplemented by six dynamic chapters in dialogue with each other, each author responding to the other two traditions, and subsequently reflecting on the possible deficiencies of their own theories. The chapters in Part II cover a broad range of subjects, from an overview of the history of bioethics to the nature of autonomy and its status as a moral and political value. In its entirety, the volume provides a vibrant and exemplary collaborative resource to scholars interested in the role of public reason and its relevance in bioethical debate. Table of ContentsPart I: The Three Traditions.- 1. Rawlsian Political Liberalism, Publican Reason, and Bioethics; Hon-Lam Li.- 2. The Natural Law Tradition, Public Reason, and Bioethics; Dominic Farrell LC and Joseph Tham LC.- 3. A Confucian Conception of Public Reason and Its Application to the Issue of Physician Assisted Suicide, Ruiping Fan.- 4. Replies to Farrell and Tham, and Fan; Hon-Lam Li.- 5. Replies to Li and Fan; Dominic Farrell LC and Joseph Tham LC.- 6. Replies to Li and Farrell and Tham; Ruiping Fan.- 7. Further Reflections; Hon-Lam Li.- 8. Further Reflections; Dominic Farrell LC and Joseph Tham LC.- 9. Further Reflections; Ruiping Fan.- Part II: Conceptual and Historical Background.- 10. Kant's Conception of Public Reason; Terence Hua Tai.- 11. Autonomy, Neutrality, and Perfectionism; Yingying Tand and Lei Zhong.- 12. What We Have Reason to Value: Human Capabilities and Public Reason; Nancy S. Jecker.- 13. Public Reason and the Quest for Consensus; Michael Campbell.- 14. Public Reason in the History of Bioethics; Alastair V. Campbell.

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Book SynopsisThis book fills the gap in the literature on nursing theories by presenting the background information on situation specific theories such as philosophical bases and current status of situation specific theories and providing a collection of situation specific theories that have been developed. It provides specific guidelines for nursing research and practice, essentials for PhD and DNP students to complete the requirements for their degrees (e.g., dissertation, QI project). In addition, this book can be used in theory courses in other graduate nursing programs that require theoretical bases for their comprehensive exam or scholarly project (e.g., MSN, NP). Throughout nursing history, nursing theories have evolved within the contexts of changing and emerging theoretical needs of nursing discipline. Subsequently, several different types of nursing theories have been proposed, developed, and used in nursing education, research, and practice. Situation specific theories could be easily adopted and used in nursing practice and research due to their foci on specific populations or particular fields. Since situation specific theories were firstly proposed in 1990s, they became a major part of nursing theories in the past two decades, making this book appeals to all levels of nursing students.Table of Contents​

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Book SynopsisOver the last decade, technical advances have allowed genomic testing which provides a great opportunity for diagnosis but also an increased chance of uncertain or unexpected findings. This book addresses many of the questions that arise in this context and summarizes the essential concepts in diagnostic genetic testing in an easy-to-read manner. It also covers some broad context for the practical and ethical implications of examining human DNA sequences. The book starts with a general introduction to the field, providing enough background to allow readers without any previous education in genetics to comprehend the material in the subsequent chapters. The main part explores differing aspects of human genetics and the wider implications of testing in these areas. The author covers not only single gene inheritance, but also genetic testing of cancers and how testing benefits the patients. Special emphasis is also given to the questions of genetics and identity. The concluding part then draws the main themes together and summarises the wider significance of genetics. It also explores the gap between promises made for the impact of advances in genetics, and the actual benefits to patients. The book is written for everyone interested to learn about the process of genetic testing and the broader implications. Moreover, it is aimed at health professionals with an interest in genetics, at students or scientific trainees looking for an introduction to diagnostic genetics, and at professionals in health policy or health journalism.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Genetic testing, some themes and some basics· Brief introduction to genetic testing. · Themes o Complexity o Risk and uncertainty o DNA and identities o Future promises and limitations · Genetic basics o Information storage and copying o Chromosomes and inheritance patterns o Genes in genomes (nuclear and mitochondrial) o Transcription, translation and the genetic code o Mutation · Basic techniques of genetic testing o DNA extraction o Hybridisation o PCR and DNA amplification o Electrophoresis o DNA sequencing Chapter 2: Huntington disease, a severe autosomal recessive disorder · Huntington disease (HD) · Mutation mechanism and gain of function · Trinucleotide repeat expansions · Penetrance and genotype/phenotype correlation · Anticipation · Testing for HD and test metrics · Rationales for testing · Laboratory error · Ethical problems (sharing information) Chapter 3: Autosomal recessive inheritance and cystic fibrosis · Cystic fibrosis (CF) · Spectrum of mutations · Recessive disorders in populations (founder effect) · Testing for CF · Rationales for testing including neonatal screening · Prenatal diagnosis and ethical issues · Genetics and therapy for CF · Risk and uncertainty Chapter 4: X-linked inheritance: a question of gender · Chromosome number / balance (XX vs. XY) and X-inactivation · DNA methylation and epigenetics · DMD/BMD (genotype/phenotype correlation) · Mosaicism · Sharing genetic information · Androgen receptor gene and different phenotypes · Genetics and gender Chapter 5: Cancer genetics: acquired and inherited mutations · Cancer as a genetic disease · Tumour suppressors and oncogenes in the control of growth · Somatic/germline distinction · Genetic stratification and cancer treatment · Uncertainties and predictive testing · Future possibilities: liquid biopsy / ctDNA Chapter 6: Genes and identity · Forensic and laboratory identity testing · Uses of short tandem repeat markers in diagnostic genetics · DNA as a measure of identity · Relationships within and outside humanity · Problems with the concept of personal identity Chapter 7: Genome scale testing · Development of methods from chromosome analysis to next generation sequencing · Testing strategies (whole genome, whole exome, gene panels) · Utility of genome testing (many genes examined simultaneously, new causes identified, NIPD, cancer testing, de novo changes) · Assigning pathogenicity · Polygenic / multifactorial inheritance · Limitations and the ethics of inflated claims Chapter 8: DNA testing- pulling the strands together · Fundamentals of genetic testing and access to testing · Consent · Autonomy · Avoiding harm · Uncertainty, risk and biases · Benefits of genetics · The language of genetics (in the genetic code and in everyday language) Appendix: List of technical terms with page references to a definition in the text

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Book SynopsisThis extensively revised and expanded new edition offers concepts, principles and applied information that relates to the wellbeing of reptiles. As a manual on health and welfare in a similar vein to volumes addressing the sciences of anatomy, behaviour or psychology, this book thoroughly examines the biology of reptile welfare and is about meeting biological needs. The editors, acknowledged experts in their own right, have once again drawn together an extremely impressive international group of contributors. Positive and negative implications of general husbandry and research programs are discussed. In addition to greatly revised original content are nine new chapters offering readers novel insight into:• sensory systems• social behaviour• brain and cognition• controlled deprivation and enrichment• effects of captivity-imposed noise and light disturbance on welfare• spatial and thermal factors• evidential thresholds for species suitability in captivity• record keeping as an aid to captive care• arbitrary husbandry practices and misconceptionsThe authors have adopted a user-friendly writing style to accommodate a broad readership. Although primarily aimed at academic professionals, this comprehensive volume is fundamentally a biology book that will also inform all involved in captive reptile husbandry. Among others, zoo personnel, herpetologists, veterinarians, lab animal scientists, and expert readers in animal welfare and behavioural studies will benefit from this updated work. Trade Review“Health and Welfare of Captive Reptiles, Second Edition is a huge 19-chapter,638-pagebook … . it consists of a series of very detailed literature reviews on aspects of reptile physiology and behavior … . Each chapter is heavy with references. … Inclusion of the weblinks to those which are freely available in the reference lists is a welcome touch. … I suspect the book will prove most valuable to educators in veterinary schools and agricultural colleges” (Frances M. Baines, Animal Welfare, November 6, 2023)Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book assists health care providers to understand the specific interplay of the roles and relationships currently forming the debates in pediatric clinical ethics. It builds on the fact that, unlike adult medical ethics, pediatric ethics begins within an acutely and powerfully experienced dynamic of patient-family-state-physician relationship. The book provides a unique perspective as it interacts with established approaches as well as recent developments in pediatric ethics theory, and then explores these developments further through cases. The book first focuses on setting the stage by introducing a theoretical framework and elaborating how pediatric ethics differ from non-pediatric ethics. It approaches different theoretical frameworks in a critical manner drawing on their strengths and weaknesses. It helps the reader in developing an ability to engage in ethical reasoning and moral deliberation in order to focus on the wellbeing of the child as the main participant in the ethical deliberation, as well as to be able to identify the child’s moral claims. The second section of the book focuses on the practical application of these theoretical frameworks and discusses specific areas pertaining to decision-making. These are: the critically ill child, new and enduring ethical controversies, and social justice at large, the latter of which includes looking at the child’s place in society, access to healthcare, social determinants of health, and vaccinations. With the dynamic changes and challenges pediatric care faces across the globe, as well as the changing face of new technologies, no professional working in the field of pediatrics can afford not to take due note of this resource.Table of ContentsPart 1: Theory.- Chapter 1. The Main Challenges in Pediatric Ethics from Around the Globe.- Chapter 2. A Developmental Perspective on Pediatric Decision-Making Capacity.- Chapter 3. The Child’s Right to an Open Future: Philosophical Foundations and Bioethical Applications.- Chapter 4. The Best Interest Standard and Its Rivals: The Debate About Ethical Decision-Making Standards in Pediatrics.- Chapter 5. Two Ethical Foundations for Pediatrics: The United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child and Bioethical Principles.- Chapter 6. A Contextual Architecture of Praxis in Pediatric Case Consultation.- Part 2: Practice.- Chapter 7. Parental Permission, Childhood Assent, and Shared Decision-Making.- Chapter 8. Telling the Child: Ethics of the Involvement of Minors in Health Care Decision-Making and in Considering Parental Requests to Withhold Information from their Child.- Chapter 9. Parental Refusal of Beneficial Treatments for Children: Ethical Considerations and the Clinician’s Response.- Chapter 10. Caring for Adolescents: Unique Ethical Considerations.- Chapter 11. Demands for Harmful Treatments in Pediatrics and the Challenge of Reasonable Pluralism: a Quasi-Clinical Ethics Consultation.- Chapter 12. Family or Community Belief, Culture, and Religion: Implications for Health Care.- Chapter 13. Children Requiring Emergency Health Care.- Chapter 14. Ethical Issues and Considerations for Children with Critical Care Needs.- Chapter 15. End of Life: Resuscitation, Fluids and Feeding, and ‘Palliative Sedation’.- Chapter 16. Medical Futility in Pediatrics: Goal-Dissonance and Proportionality.- Chapter 17. Newborns with Severe Disability or Impairment.- Chapter 18. Neonatal Euthanasia and The Groningen Protocol.- Chapter 19. Genetic Testing and Screening of Children.- Chapter 20. Enhancement Technologies and Children.- Chapter 21. Predicting Childhood Neurologic Impairments: Preparing for or Prejudicing the Future?.- Chapter 22. Ethics of Pediatric Gender Management.- Chapter 23. The Child with Cancer: Blurring the Lines between Research and Treatment.- Chapter 24. Reproductive Controversies: Fertility Preservation.- Chapter 25. The Ethical Principles that Guide Artificial Intelligence Utilization in Clinical Health Care.- Chapter 26. When Should Society Override Parental Decisions? A Proposed Test to Mediate Refusals of Beneficial Treatments and of Life-Saving Treatments for Children.- Chapter 27. Vaccine Ethics: Ethical Considerations in Childhood Vaccination.- Chapter 28. Society’s Obligations to Children.- Chapter 29. Pediatric Resource Allocation, Triage, and Rationing Decisions in Public Health Emergencies and Disasters: How do we fairly meet health needs?.

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Book SynopsisIn this edited volume, scientists from different disciplines discuss modern biotechnological processes and a knowledge-based bioeconomy. The authors base their arguments on ecological, economic, legal, social and ethical aspects. Moreover, they explore the opportunities, risks, and challenges of bioeconomic concepts and biotechnologies in many subject areas. The chapters consider land use, nature and environment, nutrition, technology and governance, energy, economy, law and regulation, as well as ethics. A special focus should be on new technologies and how they can be used, without compromising the ambitious goal of creating a more sustainable, but also fair world. To do justice to this broad array of topics, the editors frame all topics in overarching introductions and close the volume with final conclusions. Thereby this volume offers data and critical thoughts for any member of a Bioeconomy – be it from academia, the industry or public regulation.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction and Overview1. Scientific Introduction [working title] (Ulrich Schurr) 2. Ethical Introduction [working title] (Dirk Lanzerath) Part II: Energy and Land Use 3. “Global Shifting Agriculture” and Bioeconomy: Challenges for the Sustainable Use of Global Land Resources (Jan Börner) 4. Sustainable Resources – From Plants to Products (Ralf Pude, C. Wever, T. Kraska) Part III: Nutrition and Food Ethics 5. Food as a Moral Problem (Birgit Beck) 6. Bioeconomy and Food Security: Moral Conflicts due to Climate Change and Population Growth (Patrick Hohlwegler) 7. Acceptance of Insects and In-Vitro-Meat as Sustainable Meat Substitute in Germany – In Search of Decisive Food-Psychological Influences (Florian Fiebelkorn, Jacqueline Dupont, Patrik Lammers) Part IV: Technology and Governance 8. Characteristics of Innovation in Bioeconomy (Max Mittenzwei) 9. Spatial Implications of the Leitmotif Shift from Biotechnology to Bioeconomy (Leonard Prochaska, Daniel Schiller) 10. Problem Structures of the Bioenergy Policy in the Power and Heating Sectors (Katrin Beer) 11. The Bioeconomy Transformation in the German Rheinische Revier – Stakeholders and Discourses in Media Coverage (Sandra Venghaus, Sophia Dieken, Maria Belka) Part V: Regulation and Economics 12. Bioeconomy and Genome Editing – Germany and the Netherlands in Comparison (Robin Siebert, Christian Herzig, Marc Birringer) 13. Monitoring and Measuring Bioeconomy (Maximilian Kardung) 14. Resource Sufficiency in a Sustainable Bioeconomy: A Predator-Prey Perspective (Lioudmila Chatalova) 15. Biotechnology and Law [working title] (Julian Kinderlerer) 16. Economics of Bioeconomy [working title] (Justus Wesseler) Part VI: Normativity and Ethics 17. Bioeconomy and Ethics (Bart Gremmen) 18. Bioeconomy: An Environmental-Ethical Perspective (Marion Stahl) 19. Conditions of an Ethically Responsible and Sustainable Bioeconomy Based on the Responsibility Ethics of Hans Jonas (Jana Schoop) 20. Bioeconomy as a Normative Concept of Resilience – Challenges and Chances (Sebastian Lenze) Part VII: Conclusions and Outlook 21. Bioeconomy: Challenges and Conflicts from an Interdisciplinary Perspective [working title] (Mandy Stake) 22. Bioeconomy: Challenges and Conflicts from a Philosophical, Socio-Political and Ethical Perspective [working title] (Christina Pinsdorf)

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Book SynopsisThis book demonstrates that the COVID 19 pandemic asks for a a global approach to bioethics. it describes how the pandemic affects the experience of being in a world that is intrinsically characterized by global connectivity. It demonstrates that a moral vision is necessary to articulate this experience of connectedness. Subsequently, a perspective of global bioethics is introduced, which provides a broader framework than mainstream bioethics, since it highlights the significance of both vulnerability and solidarity. Through a unique global perspective the book addresses the moral challenges of the pandemic, and places the confrontation with death, disease and disability within a wider framework of ethical concerns. This book is of important in the public debate on infectious diseases, and of relevance to health professionals, global health educators, public health experts,as well as policy makers.Table of ContentsIntroduction: The perspective of global bioethicsChapter 1: Pandemic pasts. Lessons from history Chapter 2: Emerging infectious diseases Chapter 3: Diverging policy responses Chapter 4: Diverging facts and values Chapter 5: Linking experience and reflection Chapter 6. Treatment and ethics Chapter 7: Care and ethics Chapter 8: Prevention and ethics Chapter 9: Post-Covid bioethics Chapter 10: Redirecting globalization: Chapter 11: Conclusion: The world after corona

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces “biolaw” as an integrated and distinct field in contemporary legal studies. Corresponding to the legal dimension of bioethics, the term “biolaw” is already in use in academic and research activities to denote legal issues emerging mostly from advanced technological applications. This book is a genuine attempt to rationalize the field of biolaw after almost four decades of continuous production of relevant legislation and judgments worldwide. This experience is a robust basis for defending a) a separate legal object, covering the total of legal norms that govern the management of life as a natural phenomenon in all its possible forms, and b) an “evolutionary” approach that opens the discussion on a future conciliation of legal regulation with the Theory of Evolution on the ground of biolaw.Table of ContentsA General Introduction.- Part I: Persons.- Introduction - The Concept of Biological Autonomy.- Pathology.- Research.- Death.- Data.- Reproduction.- Enhancement.- Self-ownership.- Part II: From Biodiversity To Intelligent Machines.- Introduction: Biodiversity as a Legal Value.- The Conservation of Species.- The Creation of Species.- Life as commodity.- Concluding Remarks.- Future Challenges for Biolaw.- “Animal rights”.- Biolaw beyond Biology: Artificial Intelligence and Smart Robots.

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Book SynopsisAnti-natalism is the provocative view that it is either always or almost always all-things-considered wrong to procreate. Philanthropic anti-natalist arguments say that procreation is always impermissible because of the harm done to individuals who are brought into existence. Misanthropic arguments, on the other hand, hold that procreation is usually impermissible given the harm that individuals will do once brought into existence. The main purpose of this short monograph is to demonstrate that David Benatar’s misanthropic argument for anti-natalism ought to be endorsed by any version of African Communitarianism. Not only that, but there are also resources in the African philosophical tradition that offer unique support for the argument. Given the emphasis that indigenous African worldviews place on the importance of procreation and the immediate family unit this result is highly surprising. This book marks the first attempt to bring anti-natalism into conversation with contemporary African ethics. Table of ContentsChapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: What is African Communitarianism?Chapter 3: Benatar’s Misanthropic Argument for Anti-NatalismChapter 4: African Communitarianism and Benatar’s Misanthropic Argument for Anti-Natalism Chapter 5: Conclusion

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