Biodiversity / Ecosystems Books

Book SynopsisTrade ReviewSlim, highly readable, and well-written. . . . [In The New Ecology] Schmitz has done a remarkable job weaving together threads drawn from classical ecology, economics, and environmental studies and science into a wide-ranging yet coherent whole that should serve as a blueprint for 21st century research and praxis in ecology.—Aaron M. Ellison, Ecology Featuring novel ideas communicated clearly, [The New Ecology] is likely to have broad appeal. . . . [N]on-ecologists will comprehend the book easily, and ecologists will be interested in the fresh concepts.—Anna Call, ForewordReviews.com The New Ecology underlines the essential role that humans can play in shaping what the Earth will look like in the coming century. . . This book is an excellent introduction to the new ecology. It helps us understand that we humans—and all of nature—are intertwined and that we have to work with nature for a sustainable world. And it offers hope that change is possible.—Lisa Kaaki, Arab News Engaging, informative, easy to read, and filled with good examples that explained the interdependence between natural systems and human systems.—Lisa Pike, NSTA Recommends

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review“A hugely enjoyable book written with authority, easy charm and a great deal of wit. . . . This is science communication as it should be done: authoritative but never dull, engaging but never dumbed down. . . . [A] beautiful book.”—Times Higher Education“Delightful and enlightening.”—Natural History “Ryan charms readers with his account of attraction in the animal kingdom, including humans.”—Scientific American“How Darwin would have loved a book such as this.”—BBC Wildlife“Ryan offers much to enjoy in his provocative book.”—Publishers Weekly“Replete with entertaining stories of the sexual marketplace that we and the rest of the animal world inhabit."—Kirkus Reviews

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Shortlisted for the Wildlife Publication Award in Biography/History of Wildlife Biology, The Wildlife Society""A keystone ecosystem provides lessons in how we can save the world from ourselves." * Kirkus Reviews *

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"BirdWatching Magazine Book of the Month""A fascinating and inspiring account of the incredible diversity of life to be found in a single garden. Lavishly illustrated with beautiful photographs."---Dave Goulson"Beautifully written, with stunning pictures and information on species and the range of fauna they help to maintain, Paul Sterry’s book is indispensable." * Plantlife *"Sterry’s astounding, well-captioned and numerous photographs enhance his beautifully designed book's other role as a comprehensive scientific manual on practical biodiversity gardening, for every one."---Joanne O’Brien, Geographical"This book is nothing less than a call to arms which puts wildlife firmly centre stage."---Brett Westwood, British Wildlife Magazine"Clearly a book borne from great passion – a real labour of love."---Matt Phelps, Birdwatch Magazine"A great book for the gardener who wants to create a sustainable home for a wide range of wildlife."---John Miles, Birdwatching"A superb book every self-respecting gardener should possess." * English Garden Magazine *"[This book] it encourages readers to understand the ecological complexity of the environment, while exploring ways to do good. . . . The book offers a systematic approach to understanding the fundamentals and subtleties of what makes our valuable green spaces tick. It is a meaty, comprehensive guide to biodiversity and one of those books that you’ll find you’re referring to time and time again."---Lee Senior, Towpath Talk"[May] be the most important work [Paul Sterry] has ever written."---David Gascoigne, Travels with Birds"I love Paul’s honesty and passion for nature, and this book has gone straight into my top 5 – maybe top 3 – books for wildlife gardening."---Sarah Wilson, Roots and All"If you read and inwardly digest [the book’s] messages then you will emerge as a better gardener for wildlife, a better observer and recorder of wildlife and better informed about why things are as they are in the wider countryside. The book is well written and beautifully illustrated."---Mark Avery, Mark Avery Blog"Sterry is worth reading for a fresh take on almost every aspect of wildlife gardening. . . . His book is the perfect guide to whatever turns up . . . a comprehensive guide to all the wildlife that you might encounter in your garden, accompanied by the author’s own excellent photographs."---Ken Thompson, Professional Gardeners' Guild Magazine"Although this book is set in Europe, its relevance is global. . . . I absolutely guarantee you will learn an amazing amount from this well designed, informative and lavishly illustrated book."---Geoff Carpentier, North Durham Nature Newsletter

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow capitalism is reconfiguring the very texture of lifeTrade Review'Money is making biology mutate. Capital nowadays reaches ever deeper into organisms to reformat their genes, metabolisms, and more. This book is a lucid and provocative guide to this brave new world' -- Stefan Helmreich, Elting E. Morison Professor of Anthropology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'An ambitious critique of biopolitical economy. The battle against capital requires a struggle over the means of genomic production, and 'Mutant Ecologies' provides an essential, historically and theoretically rigorous assessment of the terrain' -- Jesse Goldstein, Associate Professor of Sociology at Virginia Commonwealth University'An incandescent illumination of capital’s own molecular revolution. With deep research and smart theory, Borg and Policante take us into the planet factory’s latest abodes of production, where genomic tools manufacture life-forms tailor-made for accumulation on a scorching planet; a must-read' -- Nick Dyer-Witheford, author of ‘Cyber-Marx’ and ‘Cyber-Proletariat’'A major work, reinventing the critique of political economy in this new conjuncture of capital accumulation’ -- Sandro Mezzadra, Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of BolognaTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Life's Inner Workings 2. Manufacturing Lives 3. Genomic Infrastructures 4. Crispr Assembly Lines 5. Molecular Factory Farms 6. Engineering Extinction Ecologies 7. Pharmaceutical Lives 8. Bioengineering the Human Conclusion

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow capitalism is reconfiguring the very texture of lifeTrade Review'Money is making biology mutate. Capital nowadays reaches ever deeper into organisms to reformat their genes, metabolisms, and more. This book is a lucid and provocative guide to this brave new world' -- Stefan Helmreich, Elting E. Morison Professor of Anthropology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'An ambitious critique of biopolitical economy. The battle against capital requires a struggle over the means of genomic production, and 'Mutant Ecologies' provides an essential, historically and theoretically rigorous assessment of the terrain' -- Jesse Goldstein, Associate Professor of Sociology at Virginia Commonwealth University'An incandescent illumination of capital’s own molecular revolution. With deep research and smart theory, Borg and Policante take us into the planet factory’s latest abodes of production, where genomic tools manufacture life-forms tailor-made for accumulation on a scorching planet; a must-read' -- Nick Dyer-Witheford, author of ‘Cyber-Marx’ and ‘Cyber-Proletariat’'A major work, reinventing the critique of political economy in this new conjuncture of capital accumulation’ -- Sandro Mezzadra, Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of BolognaTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Life's Inner Workings 2. Manufacturing Lives 3. Genomic Infrastructures 4. Crispr Assembly Lines 5. Molecular Factory Farms 6. Engineering Extinction Ecologies 7. Pharmaceutical Lives 8. Bioengineering the Human Conclusion

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn the great tradition of Darwin''s Voyage of the Beagle, this book is a first-person narrative of daunting travel and scientific discovery in the little-known country of Myanmar. Dr. Kress explored many areas in this enigmatic country, surveying its teak forests, bamboo thickets, timber plantations, rivers, and mangroves to document its incredible botanical diversity. Myanmar is one of the great biodiversity hot spots in Asia, but because of its social isolation and reputation for political repression it has been closed to - or avoided by - many scientists. Nevertheless, Dr. Kress was determined to search for and record plants that had not been studied since they were first discovered by Western botanists over a century ago. Among the rarities he came upon was a new species of plant called the weeping goldsmith, a ginger flower whose Burmese name was derived from the legend that the local goldsmiths were reduced to tears because none of their own creations could rival its exquisiteness. Dr. Kress also relates how he came to appreciate the people and culture of Myanmar through an understanding of their flora, natural habitats, and human-dominated environments. Included are fascinating excerpts from his field journals that serve as counterpoints to the accounts of earlier plant explorers. Illustrating the text are some 200 of Dr. Kress''s own colour photographs of the incredible plants, people, landscapes, and temples he witnessed in his travels as well as 30 archival images of Burma taken by past explorers. The back matter features an illustrated portfolio of representative native plants. This lively armchair exploration should appeal to a general readership as well as to botanists, conservationists, and environmentalists.Trade ReviewPraise for The Weeping Goldsmith: - A Booklist Top 10 Science & Technology Book of 2009 "A fascinating memoir...engagingly written and beautifully illustrated. Highly Recommended" - ChoiceTable of ContentsTable of Contents from: The Weeping Goldsmith Prologue 1. The Weeping Goldsmith 2. Waiting in Rangoon 3. Ancient Cities and Sacred Mountains 4. The Arrival of the Monsoon 5. Across Two Rivers 6. Buddhas Garden 7. The Choir of Cicadas 8. Paradise in Maymyo 9. Up the Chindwin River 10. Dust, Jade, and Prostitutes 11. The Arakan Capital at Mrauk U: Through Bamboo Hell 12. Buddhist Reverence and Respect Help Protect the Forests 13. Mt. Victoria: Walking in the Steps of a Giant 14. Why the Goldsmith Weeps Epilogue Acknowledgements Endnotes Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntroducing readers to the ecology and beauty of valuable natural resources, this book provides a field guide to wetland plants, soils, and animals. Including detailed descriptions and illustrations of more than 300 plants and 200 animals, it focuses on the northeastern and north-central regions of the United States.Trade ReviewTiner, a noted wetlands ecologist, has an evident affection for swamps, marshes, and bogs. In this readable yet comprehensive book, he proves to be an enthusiastic guide to all aspects of the wetland environment. In the first section, he gives a narrative description of wetland formation, function, and value. In addition to in-depth explanations of wetland science, Tiner offers the reader a view of ancillary sciences such as hydrology and archaeology. He concludes here with a chapter on the status of wetlands, reviewing trends in their destruction and protection. In the second half of the book he presents an identification guide with descriptions and line drawings of wetland plants and animals. He also includes a chapter on hydric soils, the swampy and soggy ground underlying all wetlands. Recommended as a good introduction to wetland ecology for academic and larger public libraries. —Randy Dykhuis, Michigan Library Consortium, Lansing * Library Journal *Ralph Tiner transforms 'wastelands' into national treasures. His book provides an accessible introduction to wetland ecology and management for students, the public, and wetland scientists. -- Aram JK Calhoun * associate professor of wetland ecology, University of Maine *Table of ContentsContents List of Illustrations an Tables Preface Acknowledgements Part I: Wetland Primer 1 Swampland, Marshland, Wetland 2 Water, the Lifeblood of Swampland 3 The Birth and Growth of Swampland 4 Swamp Earth 5 Swamp Plants 6 Swamp Things 7 Swampland at Work 8 Swampland Now and Then 9 Swampland--Wasteland or Watery Wealth Part II: Wetland Identification Guide 10 Recognizing Wetland Plants 11 Interpreting Hydric Soils 12 Identifying Wetland Wildlife 13 Finding Wetlands and Their Boundaries 14 Typing and Evaluating Wetlands Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThree quarters of the U.S.âs bird and plant extinctions have occurred in Hawaiâi, and one third of the countryâs threatened and endangered birds and plants reside within the state. Yet despite these alarming statistics, all is not lost: There are still 12,000 extant species unique to the archipelago and new species are discovered every year. In Restoring Paradise: Rethinking and Rebuilding Nature in Hawaiâi, Robert Cabin shows why current attempts to preserve Hawaiâiâs native fauna and flora require embracing the emerging paradigm of ecological restorationâthe science and art of assisting the recovery of degraded species and ecosystems and creating more meaningful and sustainable relationships between people and nature. Cabinâs extensive experience as a research ecologist and applied practitioner enables him to provide a rare, behind-the-scenes look at successful and inspiring restoration programs. In Part 1 he recounts Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refugeâs efforts to restore thous

Read more less

Book SynopsisForest Certification examines the historical roots of forest certification, the factors that guide the development of protocols, the players involved, the factors determining the customers to be certified, and the benefits of certification. It covers terminology and issues that direct the structure of standards, the similarities between indicatorsTable of Contents"

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book examines the challenges faced by farmers trying to maintain crop biodiversity in developing and transitional economies. Using a collection of empirical case studies of farmers and crop scientists across a range of agricultural economies and income levels, it presents economic tools and methods for valuing and managing crop biodiversity. It discusses the economic benefits of crop biodiversity for farmers and suggests ways in which crop biodiversity can be supported by national policies. The book provides an indispensable 'tool kit' for all those concerned with the development of strategies to facilitate sustainable management and conservation of crop genetic diversity for future generations.Table of ContentsI: Preface, J von Braun and E Frison Part I: Introduction 1: Concepts, Metrics, and Plan of the Book, M Smale Part II: Private Value: Stated Preferences of Farmers 2: Crop valuation and farmer response to change: Implications for in situ conservation of maize in Mexico, G Dyer, CIECO, Mexico 3: Farmer demand for agricultural biodiversity in Hungary's transition economy: A Choice experiment approach , E Birol and A Kontoleon, University of Cambridge, UK, and M Smale 4: Demand for attributes and on farm conservation of coffee in Ethiopia, E Wale, Alemaya University, Ethiopia and J Mburu, University of Bonn, Germany Part III: Private Value: Revealed Preferences of Farmers 5: Missing markets, migration and crop biodiversity in the Mexican milpa system: A household farm model, M E Van Dusen, Berkeley, California, USA 6: Determinants of cereal diversity on household farms in the highlands of northern Ethiopia, S Benin, IFPRI, Uganda, M Smale and J Pender, IFPRI, Washington DC, USA 7: Demand for cultivar attributes and the biodiversity of bananas in Uganda , S Edmeades, IFPRI, Washington DC, USA, M Smale, and D Karamura, INIBAP, Uganda 8: Farmer management of agricultural biodiversity in Hungary's transition economy, E Birol, M Smale and Á Gyovai, Institute for Agrobotany, Hungary 9: Rural development and the diversity of potatoes on farms in Cajamarca, Peru, P Winters, American University, USA, L H Hintze, Inter-American Development Bank, USA, and O Ortiz, International Potato Center, Peru Part IV: Public Values, Villages and Institutions 10: Managing rice biodiversity on farms: The choices of farmers and breeders in Nepal, D Gauchan, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal, M Smale, N Maxted and M Cole, University of Birmingham, UK 11: Determinants of cereal diversity in villages of Northern Ethiopia, B Gebremedhin, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Ethiopia, M Smale and J Pender 12: Social institutions and seed systems: the diversity of fruits and nuts in Uzbekistan, E Van Dusen, E Dennis, Indiana University, USA, M Lee, J Ilyasov, S Treshkin IPGRI-CWANA, Uzbekistan, and M Smale 13: Village seed systems and the biological diversity of millet crops in southern India, L Nagarajan, IFPRI, Washington DC, USA, and M Smale 14: Seeds supply and on farm demand for diversity: a case study of Eastern Ethiopia , L Lipper, R Cavatassi, FAO, Rome, Italy and P Winters 15: Institutions, stakeholders, and the management of crop genetic sources on Hungarian family farms, G Bela, B Balázs, Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Hungary, and G Pataki, St Istvan University, Hungary 16: Cooperatives, wheat diversity and crop productivity in southern Italy, S Di Falco, IFPRI, Washington DC, USA and C Perrings, University of York, UK Part V: Conclusions 17: Scope, limitations and future directions, M Smale, L Lipper and P Koundouri, University of Reading, UK 18: An annotated bibliography of published literature about the economics of conserving crop biological diversity on farms, P Zambrano, IFPRI, Washington DC, USA, and M Smale

Read more less

Book SynopsisStart a peaceful revolution by planting an edible ecosystem and sharing the experience with your neighborsHumans have always thrived in rich, diverse, edible ecosystems. Yet most cities and suburbs are blanketed by lawns, ornamentals, and a lack of biodiversity, let alone anything edible. It is within these sterile landscapes that seeds of an edible ecosystem lie. The Edible Ecosystem Solution is a comprehensive, practical guidebook that looks at underutilized spaces to reveal the many opportunities for landscape transformation that are both far-reaching and immediately beneficial and enjoyable. Contents include: Hundreds of full-color infographics, illustrations, and photographs that clearly outline the principles and concepts of edible landscape design and benefits How to get started with as little as 25 square feet of land How to transition a garden plot into a place of edible abundance and an edible biTable of ContentsDedicationThesis About This Book Section 1: The Ecology of Humanity Precious Place in Space Biodiversity Ecosystems Human Habitat Ancestral Ecosystems Section 2: Solutions and Opportunities Habitat Lost Modern Ecosystem Services Big-Picture Services Opportunities Livable Community Benefits Common Lines Micro-Landscapes Ecosystem Spot Section 3: Edible Ecosystem Design Inspiration to Act Site Selection and Micro-Environment Build a Permabed Site-Suitable Plant Selection Design an Ecosystem Guild Plant a Micro-Landscape Modular Ecosystem Landscape Section 4: Educate, Propagate, Inspire Ecosystem Dispersal Edible Ecosystem Qualities Catalyzing Land Transition EPI Is a Model for Success Section 5: Ecosystem Culture Transitioning Our Habitat Land, People, Culture Change Has Many Stakeholders Leadership Regenerative Wealth Security Habitat Is a Human Right Endnotes Index About the Author A Note about the Publisher

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Cabeceras Cofanes-Chingual is one of the last intact mountainous regions in Ecuador. In October 2008 scientists from Ecuador, Peru, and the US conducted a rapid biological inventory and a social inventory to assess the region's suitability for protection as a municipal reserve. This book offers full and abstracted results of the fieldwork.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisRevised and fully updated, this textbook provides a detailed yet accessible introduction to the key aspects of ecosystem services. Ecosystem services is one of the most powerful guiding principles for ecology, biodiversity conservation and the management of natural resources. It provides the basis of assessing the multiple values and services that ecosystems can provide to humankind, including diverse issues such as carbon sequestration, flood control, crop pollination and aesthetic and cultural services. The second edition of Ecosystem Services: Key Issues has been fully revised and updated to address policy and scientific developments, as well as new and emerging issues, such as nature-based solutions, zoonotic diseases and environmental justice. It includes new and updated case studies from across the world and each chapter contains further reading, learning objectives and discussion questions to aid student learning. The book details the historical roots of ecosystem services in the second half of the twentieth century, through initiatives such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It shows how ecosystem goods and services can be categorised and valued in economic as well as non-monetary terms, while also highlighting some of the difficulties and limitations of valuation techniques. The author describes how themes such as systems thinking, social-ecological resilience and natural capital relate to ecosystem services, and how these can contribute to more sustainable and equitable development. This book will be essential reading for students and scholars of ecosystem services, ecology, environmental science, biodiversity conservation, environmental economics, natural resource management and sustainable development. It will also be of use to professionals and policymakers who are looking to integrate ecosystems and their services into their decision making processes.Table of Contents1. Introduction to ecosystem services 2. Origins and evolution of the concept and practice of ecosystem services 3. Conservation of ecosystems and their services 4. Understanding systems 5. Ethical considerations 6. Valuing ecosystem services 7. International initiatives to embed ecosystem services 8. Putting ecosystem services into practice 9. The economics of ecosystem services 10. Rebuilding the Earth 11. Ecosystem services and the pursuit of a sustainable future

Read more less

Book SynopsisMicrobial biofilms have both positive and negative effects. This book considers new ways of controlling environmental microbial biofilm such as using phages, nanotechnology, and newly discovered microbial enzymes. A team of contributors shares current, relevant and original research to add weight and recognition to the book. Also, each chapter provides enlightening and relevant tabular information, charts, and illustrations. The book is, therefore, informative, precise, useful and easily digested by users.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a state-of-the-art overview covering distinct and relevant aspects of forest policy processes in Europe, presenting a fresh perspective on different analytical approaches, theories, and frameworks.Set against the background of a changing world, driven by significant social, environmental, and economic developments, in Europe and elsewhere, there is a growing need for an improved understanding of forest governance and how to analyse the forest policymaking processes. This book introduces the reader to some of the key issues typically encountered in reviewing proposed as well as established forest policies, focusing on five socially relevant topics for the forest-based sector today, namely: European forest governance under a green new deal Systemic changes and the circular (bio-)economy Social changes connected with forest ownership and forest actors Nature conservation and the purs

Read more less

Book SynopsisSystemic change is required to move to a circular economy (CE) model which can meet the demands of a growing population in a manner that is decoupled from resource use and waste generation. This book takes a deep dive into the innovation aspect of the circular economy (CE), with a specific focus on India as a geography, where the transformation to a circular economy is underway.How a developing country like India is tackling the complexities of the transformation and creating innovative solutions is showcased in this book through many practical examples and inspirational case studies. The book lays out the foundations for mainstreaming resource efficiency (RE)/CE in India, and covers innovation led by businesses and start-ups, along with the innovative policies, financing, and collaborative models required to spur and accelerate circular economy approaches, while also providing linkages to the international context.Features:Provides insight into the role ofTable of Contents1 Enabling Framework for Circular Economy Transition and Policy Innovation: An Indian and Global Perspective 2 Complexities and Challenges of the Circular Economy Transition 3 Financing for a Circular Economy 4 Social Innovation for the Circular Economy: An Example of Informal Waste Recycling 5 Private Sector Experiences in Circular Economy Business Innovation: A Case Study on Mahindra 6 Start-ups and Digitalisation for Circular Economy in India and Europe 7 Models of Collaboration for Circular Economy Innovation 8 Emerging Trends in Circularity in India and the Impact of COVID-19

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a review of the multitude of conservation concepts, both from a scientific, philosophical, and social science perspective, asking how we want to shape our relationships with nature as humans, and providing guidance on which conservation approaches can help us to do this.Nature conservation is a contested terrain and there is not only one idea about what constitutes conservation but many different ones, which sometimes are conflicting. Employing a conceptual and historical analysis, this book sorts and interprets the differing conservation concepts, with a special emphasis on narrative analysis as a means for describing humannature relationships and for linking conservation science to practice and to society at large. Case studies illustrate the philosophical issues and help to analyse major controversies in conservation biology. While the main focus is on Western ideas of conservation, the book also touches upon non-Western, including indigenous, concepts. Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Situating conservation: definitions, origins, and context3. Analysing conservation concepts4. Western and non-Western ideas of nature and nature conservation 5. Moving forward: which conservation concepts for which purposes?6. Conclusions and outlook

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Everglades Handbook: Understanding the Ecosystem, Fifth Edition is packed with scientific information about the greater Everglades ecosystem, taking into account how drastically the Everglades has changed. The book covers disciplines ranging from ecology, geology, climatology, hydrology, simplified biogeochemistry, and anthropology to conservation biology. The fifth edition of this bestselling guide presents expanded treatment of subjects where our knowledge of the Everglades and its restoration has greatly improved as well as updates throughout. This more detailed coverage includes a new chapter Everglades Chemistry A Primer' and an expanded section on the role of human intervention in Everglades restoration, as well as numerous new graphics that bring the science to life. Written in Tom Lodge's trademark accessible style combined with the expertise of new coauthor Stephen E. Davis III, Chief Science Officer with the Everglades Foundation, this extensiveTable of ContentsIntroductions. Section I Background 1. An Ecosystem Overview—What Is (or Are?) the Everglades? 2. The Everglades in Space and Time. Section II Environments of the Everglades Region 3. Freshwater Marshes: Water. Weather. and Fire 4. Tree Islands 5. Tropical Hardwood Hammocks 6. Pinelands 7. The Big Cypress Swamp 8. Mangrove Swamps 9. Coastal Lowlands: Influences of Fresh and Salt Water, Rising Seas…and Hurricanes! 10. Coastal Marine Waters in the Everglades Flow Path 11. Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades Headwaters 12. Peripheral Ecosystems of the Everglades. Section III The Flora and Fauna of Southern Florida. 13. Origins of the Flora and Fauna14. Invertebrates 15. Fishes 16. Amphibians 17. Reptiles 18. Mammals 19. Birds IV Synthesis: Processes and Models of the Everglades Region. 20. Everglades Chemistry – A Primer 21. Ecological Relationships, Processes, and Models for the Everglades V. Humans and the Everglades 22. Native Americans and the Everglades 23. Modern Alterations of the Everglades and their Environmental Impacts 24. Everglades Restoration: Solving Deterioration. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIslands are special because they promote unique forms  of life,  and large proportions of the species they hold are found  nowhere else on Earth. The mammals of the South-west Pacific are no exception, with many distributed only across single islands or archipelagos.Mammals of the South-west Pacific details the natural history for more than 180 species of marsupials, bats and rodents from 24 Pacific nations and territories. Species profiles are accompanied by distribution maps, illustrations and photographs many being the first images ever captured for the species. By combining available knowledge with unpublished data collected over years of field work, Mammals of the South-west Pacific forms a definitive guide to the mammals from this region. Table of ContentsAbout the authors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Foreword. Introduction. Species Accounts. Geology. Flora and Vegetation. Human Presence, Translocation and Extinction. Paleontology. Zoogeography. Conservation of South-west Pacific Mammals. Monotremata. Dasyuromorphia. Peramelemorphia. Diprotodontia. Rodentia. Chiroptera. Introduced Species. Glossary. Appendix A: Annotated Faunal list for the nations and territories of the region

Read more less

Book SynopsisSuppose you were designing a marine mammal. What would they need to live in the ocean? How would you keep them warm? What design features would allow them to dive for very long periods to extreme depths? Do they need water to drink? How would they minimize the cost of swimming, and how would they find their prey in the deep and dark? These questions and more are examined in detail throughout Marine Mammal Physiology, which explores how marine mammals live in the sea from a physiological point of view. This undergraduate textbook considers the essential aspects of what makes a marine mammal different from terrestrial mammals, beyond just their environment. It focuses on the physiological and biochemical traits that have allowed this group of mammals to effectively exploit the marine environment that is so hostile to humans. The content of this book is organised around common student questions, taking the undergraduate's point of view as the starting point.Table of ContentsAbout the Editors. Acknowledgements. Preface. Hydrodynamics. Energy for Exercise: The cost of motion in marine mammals. Oxygen Stores and Diving. Under Pressure. Thermoregulation. Acoustics. Vision and Touch. Hydration. Nutrition. Feeding Mechanisms. Fasting. Postdelivery. Health and Disease. Ecotoxicology. Sharing Earth’s Oceans. More questions and mysteries.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow to decelerate loss of global biodiversity is one of the greatest challenges of our generation. Reproductive technologies have enormous potential to assist the recovery ofspecies by enhancing reproductive output, facilitating genetic management, and supporting reintroduction of threatened species. Of particular value are cryopreservation technologies coupled with the establishment of global gene banks to conserve, in perpetuity, the remaining extant genetic diversity of threatened amphibians.Reproductive Technologies and Biobanking for the Conservation of Amphibians brings together leading experts in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of current bestpractices, summarise technological advancements, and present a framework for facilitating the integration of reproductive technologies and biobanking into conservation breedingprograms for threatened amphibians. It is an invaluable reference for the next generation of conservation practitioners: Table of ContentsIntegrating Reproductive Technologies into the Conservation Toolbox for the Recovery of Amphibian Species. Status of Global Amphibian Declines and the Prioritisation of Species for Captive Breeding. Methods of Identifying the Sex of Amphibians and of Conditioning Captive Brood Stock for Assisted Reproduction. Hormonal Control of Amphibian Reproduction. Non-invasive Monitoring of Stress Physiology during Management and Breeding of Amphibians in Captivity. Ultrasound Imaging to Assess Female Reproductive Status and Inform Hormonally Induced Ovulation. Protocols for Hormone-Induced Spermiation, and the Cold Storage, Activation, and Assessment of Amphibian Sperm. Genetic Management of Threatened Amphibians; using Artificial Fertilisation Technologies to Facilitate Genetic Rescue and Assisted Gene Flow. Cryopreservation of Amphibian Genomes: Targeting the Holy Grail, Cryopreservation of Maternal-Haploid and Embryonic-Diploid Genomes. Culturing and Biobanking of Amphibian Cell Lines for Conservation Applications. Linking in-situ and ex-situ Populations of Threatened Amphibian Species using Genome Resource Banks. Genome Resource Banks as a Tool for Amphibian Conservation.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new, second edition of Primate Ethnographies: Fieldwork from Across the Globe is a collection of first-person accounts of immersive field studies of primates, people, and institutions, revealing the excitement of studying wild primates and the multi-faceted challenges involved in conducting field research.This collection of essays spans the diversity of the Primate Order, from lemurs, to monkeys and apes. The ethnographic accounts are written by experts whose diverse backgrounds and experiences reveal the broader nature of the primatological field experience and provide glimpses into the many different pathways one can follow into the field of contemporary primatology. This new edition features updated chapters from original contributors, as well as new voices from across the global north and south representing cutting edge scholarship in the field. Collectively, these essays provide insights into the driving concerns of field primatology as it is practiced across the globe.Primate Ethnographies: Fieldwork from Across the Globe is of interest to students from fields across the academy including Primatology, Anthropology, Wildlife Ecology, Zoology, Conservation Biology, and Science/Nature Writing.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBlack-tailed and mule deer represent one of the largest distributions of mammals in North America and are symbols of the wide-open American West. Each chapter in this book was authored by the world's leading experts on that topic. Both editors, James R. Heffelfinger and Paul R. Krausman, are widely published in the popular and scientific press and recipients of the O. C. Wallmo Award, given every two years to a leading black-tailed and mule deer expert who has made significant contributions to the conservation of this species. In addition, Heffelfinger has chaired the Mule Deer Working Group sponsored by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies for more than 15 years. This working group consists of the leading black-tailed and mule deer experts from each of 24 states, provinces, and territories in western North America, putting them at the forefront of all conservation and much of the research on this species.The book represents all current knowledge available onTable of ContentsSection I. Biology and Ecology. 1. Origin, Classification, and Distribution. 2. Historical Trends in Black-Tailed Deer, Mule Deer, and their Habitats. 3. Physical Characteristics. 4. Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. 5. Modeling Population Dynamics of Black-tailed and Mule Deer. 6. Diseases and Parasites. 7. Carnivore-Prey Relationships. 8. Competition with Other Ungulates. Section II. Ecoregion Habitats and Population Dynamics. 9. Northern Forest Ecoregion. 10. Coastal Rainforest Ecoregion. 11. Intermountain West Ecoregion. 12. Great Plains Ecoregion. 13. California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Ecoregion. 14. Southwest Deserts Ecoregion. 15. Colorado Plateau Shrubland and Forest Ecoregion. Section III. Population Management. 16. Population Monitoring. 17. Harvest Management. 18. Human Dimensions. Section IV. Habitat Management. 19. Conflict Management. 20. Threats to Habitat Function. 21. Habitat Improvement and Water Supplementation. 22. Migration. Section V. The Future. 23. Challenges and Opportunities for the Future Conservation of Black-Tailed and Mule Deer.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fascinating book examines how microsites of spontaneous nature can reframe our understanding of the relationship between urban development and green space.Metropolitan cities are facing stark inequalities of green space distribution, hindering goals of sustainable development. But outside of human control, spontaneous nature grows in spaces that are neglected or are unaccounted for. Drawing on existing literature and primary research in a range of towns and cities, including Quito in Ecuador, Bengaluru and Kolkata in India, and Whitby in the United Kingdom, the book delves into the morphology, meanings, and values of those small-scale assemblages of wild growth which are typically overlooked. Discussing instead how such settings can be integrated into everyday urban life, the book offers a fresh perspective on issues around green infrastructure, heritage conservation, and environmental education, enabling cities worldwide to become more nature-positive.A unique exTrade Review"In this wide-ranging study Amartya Deb brings a range of recent debates about marginal urban spaces to an Indian context. Deb’s street level ethnographic focus explores the complexities of urban nature from multiple vantage points."Matthew Gandy, Professor of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK'Amartya Deb’s Wild Spaces in Urban Development: Grassroots Imaginaries in a Globalising World, expands our understanding of urban nature by focusing on what he terms ‘landscape fractions’ – the microsites in cities where wild nature asserts itself and often flourishes. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, particularly in Kolkata and Bengaluru, Deb highlights how such small spaces teeming with plant life enhance the urban environment, especially for communities without parks or other designed green spaces. Not incidentally, these scattered and informal wild spaces sustain diverse animals – including wildlife such as birds, insects, and small mammals, as well as grazing cattle – allowing them to persist and thrive. Deb’s extraordinary work makes clear why we should tend, and protect these small yet vital spaces for wild nature.'Jennifer Wolch, Dean Emerita, College of Environmental Design, University of California, Berkeley, USATable of ContentsPrologue: The first sight of a cyborg assemblage 1. Morphology 2. Meanings 3. Existence 4. Aesthetics 5.Collectives 6. Coproduction 7. Frames 8. Imaginaries Epilogue: Situating wild spaces in urban nature and its governance

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fascinating book examines how microsites of spontaneous nature can reframe our understanding of the relationship between urban development and green space.Metropolitan cities are facing stark inequalities of green space distribution, hindering goals of sustainable development. But outside of human control, spontaneous nature grows in spaces that are neglected or are unaccounted for. Drawing on existing literature and primary research in a range of towns and cities, including Quito in Ecuador, Bengaluru and Kolkata in India, and Whitby in the United Kingdom, the book delves into the morphology, meanings, and values of those small-scale assemblages of wild growth which are typically overlooked. Discussing instead how such settings can be integrated into everyday urban life, the book offers a fresh perspective on issues around green infrastructure, heritage conservation, and environmental education, enabling cities worldwide to become more nature-positive.A unique exTrade Review"In this wide-ranging study Amartya Deb brings a range of recent debates about marginal urban spaces to an Indian context. Deb’s street level ethnographic focus explores the complexities of urban nature from multiple vantage points."Matthew Gandy, Professor of Geography, University of Cambridge, UK'Amartya Deb’s Wild Spaces in Urban Development: Grassroots Imaginaries in a Globalising World, expands our understanding of urban nature by focusing on what he terms ‘landscape fractions’ – the microsites in cities where wild nature asserts itself and often flourishes. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, particularly in Kolkata and Bengaluru, Deb highlights how such small spaces teeming with plant life enhance the urban environment, especially for communities without parks or other designed green spaces. Not incidentally, these scattered and informal wild spaces sustain diverse animals – including wildlife such as birds, insects, and small mammals, as well as grazing cattle – allowing them to persist and thrive. Deb’s extraordinary work makes clear why we should tend, and protect these small yet vital spaces for wild nature.'Jennifer Wolch, Dean Emerita, College of Environmental Design, University of California, Berkeley, USATable of ContentsPrologue: The first sight of a cyborg assemblage 1. Morphology 2. Meanings 3. Existence 4. Aesthetics 5.Collectives 6. Coproduction 7. Frames 8. Imaginaries Epilogue: Situating wild spaces in urban nature and its governance

Read more less

Book SynopsisDNA is the essence of life and the original big data'. New technologies are allowing scientists to access and make sense of this information like never before, and they are using it to solve the world's greatest environmental challenges.Applied Environmental Genomics synthesises the latest and most exciting uses of genomic technologies for environmental science and management. With an emphasis on diversity of applications and real-world demonstrations, leading researchers have contributed detailed chapters on innovative approaches to obtaining critical management-relevant information about the natural world. These chapters are complemented by perspective sections written by environmental managers who describe their experiences using genomics to support evidence-based decisions.Ideal for students, researchers and professionals working in natural resource management and policy, Applied Environmental Genomics is a comprehensive introduction to a fast-moving field that is Table of ContentsSection A: Biodiversity 1. Design considerations for eDNA metabarcoding surveys 2. Measuring biodiversity with eDNA metabarcoding 3. Perspective – eDNA and metagenomics: a story of a disruptive technology for biodiversity monitoring 4. Revealing animal diet and food webs through DNA metabarcoding 5. Approaching ecological questions using DNA barcodes Section B: Life history and population biology 6. Lifespan estimation from genomic analysis 7. Development of epigenetic clocks 8. Molecular sex identification for applications in conservation, industry and veterinary medicine 9. Perspective – Whole genome assemblies, devils and disease 10. Genetic-based inventories of wildlife abundance 11. The practical magic of close-kin mark-recapture 12. Perspective – Genomics and bear management 13. How can we use genomics to predict and improve population viability? Section C: Adaptation and change 14. Adaptive responses to the environment and environmental change 15. Perspective – The power of genomics for guiding reintroductions 16. Palaeo- and museo-genomics: perspectives on modern species 17. Perspective – Genomics and the prioritisation of taxa and populations for conservation Section D: Environmental molecular physiology 18. Applied epigenomics in a rapidly changing world 19. DNA-based microbial bioindication of environmental state 20. Perspective – The promise of ecotoxicogenomics for assessing aquatic health Section E: Spatial genomics 21. Unravelling plant-pollinator interactions through pollen DNA analysis 22. Genomic approaches to study dispersal in wild animal populations: implications for wildlife management 23. Conservation prioritisation based on evolutionary distinctiveness of communities Section F: Biosecurity and disease monitoring 24. Invasive species detection and management using genomic methods 25. Genomic identification and surveillance of infectious diseases in natural systems 26. Management of vertebrate pests using genetic control techniques 27. Perspective – The ‘E’ in RD&E and the application of genomics for environmental and biosecurity risk management

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents rewilding as a matter of ecological justice.To date, most books and articles on rewilding have viewed this concept through the lens of environmental science, while others have analysed it from a political, ethical and philosophical perspective. However, little attention has so far been paid to the justice angle of rewilding. Why and how should justice for rewilding be articulated? In order to address this question, the author delves into the capabilities approach extended to nonhumans, distributive theories of ecological justice, welfare biology strategies applied to wildlife, environmental virtues, philosophies of recognition and identity, and decolonial studies. By discussing these narratives, this book is able to outline a roadmap indicating the key factors which should be considered in a justice approach to wildlife regeneration. Given the current and worsening socio-ecological crisis, rewilding initiatives are likely to increase, so this book explores

Read more less

Book SynopsisAgriculture as a social-ecological system embraces many disciplines. This book breaks through the silos of individual disciplines to bring ecologists and economists together to consider agriculture through the lens of resilience. It explores the economic, environmental and social uncertainties that influence the behaviour of agricultural producers and their subsequent farming approach, highlighting the importance of adaptability, innovation and capital reserves in enabling agriculture to persist under climate change and market volatility. The resilience concept and its relation to complexity theory is explained and the characteristics that foster resilience in agricultural systems, including the role of biodiversity and ecosystem services, are explored. The book discusses modelling tools, metrics and approaches for assessing agricultural resilience, highlighting areas where interdisciplinary thinking can enhance the development of resilience. It is suitable for those researching sustaiTrade Review'The 36 contributors from various institutions have produced a valuable text that is a vital reminder of the multifaceted nature of agriculture at a time when a warming world is changing rapidly and the global population is increasing.' A. M. Mannion, The Biologist'It is suitable for both researchers and policymakers, especially those who are genuinely interested in bridging economics and ecology in agriculture.' Lixin Wang, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of Contents1. Introducing resilience Sarah M. Gardner and Stephen J. Ramsden; Part I. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Resilience in Agricultural Systems: 2. Complexity and resilience in agriculture Sarah M. Gardner; 3. Biodiversity and agriculture David Tilman; 4. Determining the value of ecosystem services in agriculture Rosemary S. Hails, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Elena Bennett, Brian Robinson, Gretchen Daily, Kate Brauman and Paul West; 5. Resilience in agricultural systems Stephen J. Ramsden and James Gibbons; 6. Building resilience into agricultural pollination using wild pollinators Neal Williams, Rufus Isaacs, Eric Lonsdorf, Rachel Winfree and Taylor Ricketts; 7. Conflicts and challenges to enhancing the resilience of small-scale farmers in developing economies Richard Ewbank; 8. Modern biotechnology and sustainable intensification: chances and limitations Rolf Meyer; 9. Pastoralism, conservation and resilience: causes and consequences of pastoralist household decision-making Katherine Homewood, Marcus Rowcliffe, Jan De Leeuw, Mohamed Y. Said and Aidan Keane; Part II. Integrating Biodiversity and Building Resilience into Agricultural Systems: 10. Delivering sustainability in agriculture: some implications for analysis Ian Hodge; 11. The resilience of agricultural landscapes characterised by land sparing versus land sharing Dave Abson, Kate Sherren and Joern Fischer; 12. Ecological-economic modelling for designing cost-effective incentives to conserve farmland biodiversity Martin Drechsler and Frank Wätzold; 13. Viability analysis as an approach for assessing the resilience of agroecosystems Sophie Martin; 14. Integrating economics and resilience thinking: the context of natural resource management in Australia Michael Harris, Graham Marshall and David Pannell; 15. Integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into European agricultural policy: a challenge for the common agricultural policy Allan Buckwell; 16. Ecosystem-service based metrics of sustainability as tools for promoting conservation and food security Jonathan R. B. Fisher and Peter Kareiva; 17. Conclusions on agricultural resilience Sarah M. Gardner, Stephen J. Ramsden and Rosemary S. Hails.

Read more less

Book SynopsisProtected areas spearhead our response to the rapidly accelerating biodiversity crisis. However, while the number of protected areas has been growing rapidly over the past 20 years, the extent to which the world's protected areas are effectively conserving species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services is poorly understood. Highlights new techniques for better management and monitoring of protected areas Sets guidelines for the decision making processes involved in setting up and maintaining protected areas Fully international in scope and covering all ecosystems and biomes Table of ContentsContributors ix Introduction: Do Protected Areas Safeguard Biodiversity? 1 J. E. M. Baillie, L. Joppa and J. G. Robinson Part I The Global Protected Area Portfolio 11 1. Government Commitments for Protected Areas: Status of Implementation and Sources of Leverage to Enhance Ambition 13 L. Krueger 2. Protected Area Diversity and Potential for Improvement 34 N. Dudley and S. Stolton 3. Sound Investments: Protected Areas as Natural Solutions to Climate Change and Biodiversity Conservation 49 K. MacKinnon 4. Optimal Protection of the World’s Threatened Birds, Mammals, and Amphibians 66 J. E. M. Watson, D. B. Segan and R. A. Fuller 5. Maintaining a Global Data Set on Protected Areas 81 A. Milam, S. Kenney, D. Juffe‐Bignoli, B. Bertzky, C. Corrigan, B. MacSharry, N. D. Burgess and N. Kingston Part II The Fate of Species in Protected Areas 103 6. Species Population Trends in Protected Areas 105 B. Collen, L. McRae, E. Nicholson, I. D. Craigie, E. J. Milner‐Gulland, J. Loh and S. Whitmee 7. Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Large Carnivores in Europe 122 L. Santini, L. Boitani, L. Maiorano and C. Rondinini 8. Towards Understanding Drivers of Wildlife Population Trends in Terrestrial Protected Areas 134 M. Barnes, I. D. Craigie and M. Hockings Part III Managing Protected Areas at System Scales 151 9. Toward Assessing the Vulnerability of US National Parks to Land Use and Climate Change 153 A. Hansen, C. Davis, J. Haas and N. Piekielek 10. Integrating Community‐Managed Areas into Protected Area Systems: The Promise of Synergies and the Reality of Trade‐Offs 169 M. Rao, H. Nagendra, G. Shahabuddin and L. R. Carrasco 11. The Importance of Asia’s Protected Areas for Safeguarding Commercially High Value Species 190 J. Walston, E. J. Stokes and S. Hedges Part IV Monitoring Protected Areas at System Scales 209 12. Monitoring Protected Area Coverage and Impact on Key Biodiversity Areas, Important Bird Areas and Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites 211 S. H. M. Butchart, T. M. Brooks, J. P. W. Scharlemann and M. A. K. Mwangi 13. Camera Traps for Conservation: Monitoring Protected Area Investments 228 T. G. O’Brien 14. Monitoring Protected Areas from Space 242 N. Pettorelli, M. Wegmann, L. Gurney and G. Dubois Index 260

Read more less

Book SynopsisProtected areas spearhead our response to the rapidly accelerating biodiversity crisis. However, while the number of protected areas has been growing rapidly over the past 20 years, the extent to which the world's protected areas are effectively conserving species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services is poorly understood. Highlights new techniques for better management and monitoring of protected areas Sets guidelines for the decision making processes involved in setting up and maintaining protected areas Fully international in scope and covering all ecosystems and biomes Table of ContentsContributors ix Introduction: Do Protected Areas Safeguard Biodiversity? 1 J. E. M. Baillie, L. Joppa and J. G. Robinson Part I The Global Protected Area Portfolio 11 1. Government Commitments for Protected Areas: Status of Implementation and Sources of Leverage to Enhance Ambition 13 L. Krueger 2. Protected Area Diversity and Potential for Improvement 34 N. Dudley and S. Stolton 3. Sound Investments: Protected Areas as Natural Solutions to Climate Change and Biodiversity Conservation 49 K. MacKinnon 4. Optimal Protection of the World’s Threatened Birds, Mammals, and Amphibians 66 J. E. M. Watson, D. B. Segan and R. A. Fuller 5. Maintaining a Global Data Set on Protected Areas 81 A. Milam, S. Kenney, D. Juffe‐Bignoli, B. Bertzky, C. Corrigan, B. MacSharry, N. D. Burgess and N. Kingston Part II The Fate of Species in Protected Areas 103 6. Species Population Trends in Protected Areas 105 B. Collen, L. McRae, E. Nicholson, I. D. Craigie, E. J. Milner‐Gulland, J. Loh and S. Whitmee 7. Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Large Carnivores in Europe 122 L. Santini, L. Boitani, L. Maiorano and C. Rondinini 8. Towards Understanding Drivers of Wildlife Population Trends in Terrestrial Protected Areas 134 M. Barnes, I. D. Craigie and M. Hockings Part III Managing Protected Areas at System Scales 151 9. Toward Assessing the Vulnerability of US National Parks to Land Use and Climate Change 153 A. Hansen, C. Davis, J. Haas and N. Piekielek 10. Integrating Community‐Managed Areas into Protected Area Systems: The Promise of Synergies and the Reality of Trade‐Offs 169 M. Rao, H. Nagendra, G. Shahabuddin and L. R. Carrasco 11. The Importance of Asia’s Protected Areas for Safeguarding Commercially High Value Species 190 J. Walston, E. J. Stokes and S. Hedges Part IV Monitoring Protected Areas at System Scales 209 12. Monitoring Protected Area Coverage and Impact on Key Biodiversity Areas, Important Bird Areas and Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites 211 S. H. M. Butchart, T. M. Brooks, J. P. W. Scharlemann and M. A. K. Mwangi 13. Camera Traps for Conservation: Monitoring Protected Area Investments 228 T. G. O’Brien 14. Monitoring Protected Areas from Space 242 N. Pettorelli, M. Wegmann, L. Gurney and G. Dubois Index 260

Read more less

Book SynopsisGovernance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation explores governance of the world s oceans with a focus on the impacts of two inter-connected but historically separate streams of governance: one for fisheries, the other for biodiversity conservation.Trade Review“A significant strength of the book is its multidisciplinary approach combined with the contributors’ collective hands-on experience. Together they offer considerable insights and rich descriptions. Each chapter offers new insights in the topic, and no chapter is redundant. Because of the book’s richness of perspectives and its structure, it is excellent for looking up various topics of interest, whether the reader is a newcomer to the field or is knowledgeable in areas of the book. The book is therefore suitable for anyone addressing fisheries governance and/or biodiversity conservation.” (Marine Biology Research, 25 June 2015) 'A significant strengh of the book is its multidisciplinary approach combined with the contributors' collective hands-on experience. (...) Because of the book's richness of perspectives and its structure, it is excellent for looking up various topics of interest, whether the reader is a newcomer to the field or is knowledgeable in areas of the book. (...) the book is an accomplishment in that it has managed to include perspectives from a range of disciplines, providing a unique richness of perspectives and detailed descriptions of management bodies, instruments, frameworks, concepts, ideas, regulations and laws. It is a valuable book for anyone addressing fisheries governance and/or biodiversity conservation and a must for a wide range of libraries.' Kjellrun Hiis Hauge, Marine Biology Research, 2015Table of ContentsNotes on contributors viii Foreword by Bonnie J. McCay xvi Foreword by Árni M. Mathiesen xviii Foreword by Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias xx Preface xxii Acknowledgements xxv List of selected acronyms xxvi Glossary xxx PART I: GOVERNANCE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES 1 1 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: A history 3 S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles 2 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: Convergence or coevolution? 18 S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles 3 Governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation: the integration challenge 37 S.M. Garcia, J. Rice and A. Charles PART II: GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS 53 4 Bio-ecological dimensions of fisheries management, biodiversity and governance 55 J. Rice and P. Mace 5 The economic dimension: addressing behaviour, incentives and context for effective governance 68 S. Hanna 6 The social dimension: the challenge of dealing with equity 82 B. Hersoug 7 The global legal dimension: navigating the legal currents of rights and responsibilities 96 A.H. Hoel and D. VanderZwaag 8 Spatial dimensions of fisheries and biodiversity governance 110 R. Kenchington, O. Vestergaard and S.M. Garcia 9 Scientific foundation: towards integration 124 J. Rice, S. Jennings and A. Charles PART III: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 137 10 Global level institutions and processes: frameworks for understanding critical roles and foundations of cooperation and integration 139 L. Ridgeway 11 Global level institutions and processes: assessment of critical roles, foundations of cooperation and integration and their contribution to integrated marine governance 148 L. Ridgeway 12 Integrative policy and legal instruments, approaches and tools: fisheries and biodiversity conservation 166 B. Kuemlangan, J. Sanders, P. Deupmann and C. De Young 13 Conservation and risk of extinction of marine species 181 P. Mace, C. O’Criodain, J. Rice and G. Sant 14 Parallel initiatives: CBD’s Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) and FAO’s Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) criteria and processes 195 J. Rice, J. Lee and M. Tandstad PART IV: REGIONAL GOVERNANCE 209 15 Regional governance for fisheries and biodiversity 211 R. Warner, K.M. Gjerde and D. Freestone 16 Regional governance: the case of NEAFC and OSPAR 225 K. Hoydal, D. Johnson and A.H. Hoel 17 Regional governance: the Mediterranean cradle 239 F. Simard, M. Camilleri and L. Sbai 18 CCAMLR and Antarctic conservation: the leader to follow? 253 D. Miller and N.M. Slicer 19 Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries in the Benguela Current LME area 271 J. Augustyn, S. Petersen, L. Shannon and H. Hamukuaya 20 Governance of marine fisheries and conservation in the context of the European Union 285 S. Beslier and B. Drobenko PART V: NATIONAL GOVERNANCE 299 21 The use of national frameworks for sustainable development of marine fisheries and conservation, ecosystem-based management and integrated ocean management 301 K. Sainsbury, P. Gullestad and J. Rice 22 Small-scale fisheries: importance, vulnerability and deficient knowledge 317 J. Kolding, C. Béné and M. Bavinck 23 Stewardship in tropical small-scale fisheries: community and national perspectives 332 P. Christie, L.M. Campbell and N. Armada 24 Making space for small-scale fishing communities: use and misuse of spatial management instruments 346 M.R. Sowman, R. Rajagopalan, C. Sharma and J. Sunde 25 ENGOs and SIDS: environmental interventions in small island developing states 360 P. McConney, R. Pomeroy and Z. Khan 26 The role of capacity building for improving governance of fisheries and conservation of marine ecosystems 374 J.C. Seijo and S. Salas 27 F ishers’ organizations: their role in decision-making for fisheries and conservation 385 M. Makino, A.S. Cabanban and S. Jentoft 28 The role of courts in fisheries management and marine biodiversity protection: US and EU systems 398 P. Shelley and T. van Rijn PART VI: CONCLUSION 411 29 A tale of two streams: synthesizing governance of marine fisheries and biodiversity conservation 413 A. Charles, S.M. Garcia and J. Rice ANNEXES Annex 1: History of fisheries and biodiversity conservation: A timeline of key events (1850–2012) 429 Annex 2: Key global institutions, bodies and processes: Roles, participation and main focus 461 Index 497

Read more less

Book SynopsisBIOPROSPECTING OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY FOR INDUSTRIAL MOLECULES A comprehensive collection of recent translational research on bioresource utilization and ecological sustainability Bioprospecting of Plant Biodiversity for Industrial Molecules provides an up-to-date overview of the ongoing search for biodiverse organic compounds for use in pharmaceuticals, bioceuticals, agriculture, and other commercial applications. Bringing together work from a panel of international contributors, this comprehensive monograph covers natural compounds of plants, endophyte enzymes and their applications in industry, plant bioprospecting in cosmetics, marine bioprospecting of seaweeds, and more. Providing global perspectives on bioprospecting of plant biodiversity, the authors present research on enzymes, mineral micro-nutrients, biopesticides, algal biomass, and other bioactive molecules. In-depth chapters assess the health impacts and ecological sustainability of the various biomolecules and identify Table of ContentsList of Contributors xv Preface xxi About the Editors xxiii Acknowledgments xxv 1 An Introduction to Plant Biodiversity and Bioprospecting 1Ramya Krishnan, Sudhir P. Singh, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 What is Bioprospecting 1 1.2.1 Chemical Prospecting 3 1.2.2 Gene Prospecting 3 1.2.3 Bionic Prospecting 4 1.3 Significance of Plants in Bioprospecting 4 1.4 Pros and Cons of Bioprospecting 5 1.5 Recent Trends in Bioprospecting 6 1.6 Omics for Bioprospecting and in silico Bioprospecting 7 1.7 An Insight into the Book 8 References 10 2 Entomotoxic Proteins from Plant Biodiversity to Control the Crop Insect Pests 15Surjeet Kumar Arya, Shatrughan Shiva, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Lectins 16 2.3 Proteinase Inhibitors 21 2.4 α-Amylase Inhibitors 24 2.5 Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) 27 2.6 Arcelins 30 2.7 Defensins 32 2.8 Cyclotides 32 2.9 Canatoxin-Like Proteins 33 2.10 Ureases and Urease-Derived Encrypted Peptides 33 2.11 Chitinases 36 2.12 Proteases 36 2.13 Conclusions 37 References 37 3 Bioprospecting of Natural Compounds for Industrial and Medical Applications: Current Scenario and Bottleneck 53Sameer Dixit, Akanchha Shukla, Vinayak Singh, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Why Bioprospecting Is Important 54 3.3 Major Sites for Bioprospecting 54 3.4 Pipeline of Bioprospecting 55 3.5 Biopiracy: An Unethical Bioprospecting 55 3.6 Bioprospecting Derived Products in Agriculture Industry 56 3.7 Bioprospecting Derived Products for Bioremediation 57 3.8 Bioprospecting for Nanoparticles Development 59 3.9 Bioprospecting Derived Products in Pharmaceutical Industry 60 3.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects 63 Acknowledgments 64 References 64 4 Role of Plants in Phytoremediation of Industrial Waste 73Pankaj Srivastava and Nishita Giri 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Different Toxic Materials from Industries 75 4.2.1 Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plants 75 4.2.2 Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Environment 75 4.2.2.1 Cadmium 75 4.2.2.2 Arsenic 76 4.2.2.3 Chromium 76 4.2.2.4 Pesticide in Environment 76 4.2.3 Phytoremediation Technology in Present Scenario 77 4.2.4 Conclusion 80 References 81 5 Ecological Restoration and Plant Biodiversity 91Shalini Tiwari and Puneet Singh Chauhan 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Major Areas of Bioprospecting 92 5.2.1 Chemical/Biochemical Prospecting 92 5.2.2 Gene/Genetic Prospecting 92 5.2.3 Bionic Prospecting 93 5.3 Bioprospecting: Creating a Value for Biodiversity 93 5.4 Conservation and Ecological Restoration for Sustainable Utilization of Resources 94 5.5 Biodiversity Development Agreements 95 5.6 Conclusions 96 References 96 6 Endophyte Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries 99Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo and Fabrice Fekam Boyom 6.1 Introduction 99 6.2 The Rationale for Bioprospecting Endophytes for Novel Industrial Enzymes 100 6.3 Endophytes as a Source of Industrial Enzymes 101 6.3.1 Amylases 104 6.3.2 Asparaginase 105 6.3.3 Cellulases 107 6.3.4 Chitinases 109 6.3.5 Laccases 110 6.3.6 Lipases 111 6.3.7 Proteases 113 6.3.8 Xylanases 115 6.3.9 Other Enzymes Produced by Endophytes 116 6.3.9.1 AHL-Lactonase 116 6.3.9.2 Agarase 116 6.3.9.3 Chromate Reductase 116 6.3.9.4 β-Mannanase 117 6.4 Overview of the Methods Used to Investigate Endophytes as Sources of Enzymes 117 6.5 Strategies Applied to Improve the Production of Enzymes by Endophytes 118 6.6 Conclusion 119 Acknowledgements 122 References 122 7 Resource Recovery from the Abundant Agri-biomass 131Shilpi Bansal, Jyoti Singh Jadaun, and Sudhir P. Singh 7.1 Introduction 131 7.2 Potential of Agri-biomass to Produce Different Products 133 7.2.1 Conversion of Agri-biomass into Valuable Chemicals 133 7.2.2 Energy Production Using Agri-biomass 134 7.2.3 Role of Agri-biomass in Heavy Metal Decontamination 135 7.2.4 Manufacturing of Lightweight Materials 137 7.3 Case Studies 138 7.3.1 Utilization of Paddy Waste 138 7.3.2 Utilization of Mustard Waste 140 7.3.3 Utilization of Maize Waste 140 7.3.4 Utilization of Horticulture Waste 142 7.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 144 References 144 8 Antimicrobial Products from Plant Biodiversity 153Pankaj Kumar Verma, Shikha Verma, Nalini Pandey, and Debasis Chakrabarty 8.1 Introduction 153 8.2 Use of Plant Products as Antimicrobials: Historical Perspective 154 8.3 Major Groups of Plants-Derived Antimicrobial Compound 156 8.3.1 Simple Phenols and Phenolic Acids 156 8.3.1.1 Flavonoids 156 8.3.1.2 Quinones 160 8.3.1.3 Tannins 160 8.3.1.4 Coumarins 161 8.3.2 Terpenes and Essential Oils 162 8.3.3 Alkaloids 163 8.4 Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Activity 163 8.4.1 Plant Extracts with Efflux Pump Inhibitory Activity 164 8.4.2 Plant Extracts with Bacterial Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Activity 164 8.4.3 Plant Extracts with Biofilm Inhibitory Activity 165 8.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 165 References 166 9 Functional Plants as Natural Sources of Dietary Antioxidants 175Ao Shang, Jia-Hui Li, Xiao-Yu Xu, Ren-You Gan, Min Luo, and Hua-Bin Li 9.1 Introduction 175 9.2 Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity 176 9.3 Antioxidant Activity of Functional Plants 176 9.3.1 Vegetables 176 9.3.2 Fruits 177 9.3.3 Medicinal Plants 181 9.3.4 Cereal Grains 181 9.3.5 Flowers 181 9.3.6 Microalgae 181 9.3.7 Teas 182 9.4 Applications of Plant Antioxidants 182 9.4.1 Food Additives 182 9.4.2 Dietary Supplements 183 9.5 Conclusions 183 References 184 10 Biodiversity and Importance of Plant Bioprospecting in Cosmetics 189K. Sri Manjari, Debarati Chakraborty, Aakanksha Kumar, and Sakshi Singh 10.1 Biodiversity, Bioprospecting, and Cosmetics – A Harmony of Triad 189 10.2 The Fury of Synthetic Chemicals in Cosmetics on Health 191 10.3 India’s Biodiversity and Its Traditional Knowledge/Medicine in Cosmetics 191 10.3.1 Herbal Cosmetics 194 10.4 Use of Plant-Based Products in the Cosmetic Industry 194 10.5 Green Cosmetics – Significance and Current Status of the Global Market 196 10.5.1 Sustainable Development Goals (Economic, Ecological Benefits) in Cosmetic Industry – How Bioprospecting and Green Cosmetics Can Help? 199 10.6 Ethical and Legal Implications of Bioprospecting and Cosmetics 200 10.6.1 International Laws Regulating Bioprospecting 201 10.6.2 Indian Law Regulating Bioprospecting 202 10.6.3 Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) 202 10.6.4 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 203 10.6.5 Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore (IGC) 203 10.7 Laws Regulating Cosmetics 203 10.8 Role of Biotechnology in Bioprospecting and Cosmetics 204 References 205 11 Therapeutic Lead Secondary Metabolites Production Using Plant In Vitro Cultures 211Vikas Srivastava, Aksar Ali Chowdhary, Skalzang Lhamo, Sonal Mishra, and Shakti Mehrotra 11.1 Introduction 211 11.2 Secondary Metabolites and Pharmaceutical Significance 212 11.3 Plant In Vitro Cultures and Strategies for Secondary Metabolite Production 214 11.3.1 Precursor Feeding 214 11.3.2 Metabolic Engineering 215 11.3.3 Elicitation 216 11.3.4 Bioreactor Up-scaling 216 11.4 Exemplification of the Utilization of Different Types of Plant In Vitro Cultures for SMs Production 217 11.4.1 Shoot Culture 217 11.4.2 Adventitious Root Culture 220 11.4.3 Callus and Cell Suspension Culture 220 11.4.4 Hairy Root Cultures 221 11.5 Conclusion 221 References 222 12 Plant Diversity and Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Spices and Condiments 231Thakku R. Ramkumar and Subbiah Karuppusamy 12.1 Introduction 231 12.2 Habitat and Diversity of Major Spices and Condiments in India 232 12.3 Ethnobotanical Context of Spices and Condiments in India 241 12.4 Major Spices and Condiments in India 243 12.4.1 Black Pepper 243 12.4.2 Capsicums 243 12.4.3 Cinnamomum 244 12.4.4 Coriander 244 12.4.5 Cumin 244 12.4.6 Cardamom 245 12.4.7 Fennel 245 12.4.8 Ginger 245 12.4.9 Mustard Seed 246 12.4.10 Nutmeg 246 12.4.11 Saffron 246 12.4.12 Turmeric 246 12.4.13 Vanilla 247 12.5 Importance of Indian Spices 247 12.6 Spice Plantation and Cultivation in India 249 12.7 Cultivation Technology of Caper Bud in India 250 12.8 Export of Indian Spices 251 12.9 Conservation Efforts Against Selected Uncultivated Wild Spices and Condiments 254 12.10 Institutions and Organization Dedicated for Research and Development in Spices and Condiments in India 254 12.11 Recent Researches on Spices and Condiments 255 12.12 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 256 Acknowledgments 256 Authors’ Contribution 256 References 257 13 Plants as Source of Essential Oils and Perfumery Applications 261Monica Butnariu 13.1 Background 261 13.2 Biochemistry of Essential Oils 262 13.2.1 The Physiological Mechanism of Biosynthesis of Essential Oils 262 13.2.2 The Role of Terpenes in Plants 263 13.2.3 The Prevalence Essential Oils in Plants 264 13.2.4 Paths of Biosynthesis of Volatile Compounds in Plants 265 13.2.4.1 Metabolic Cycles Involved in the Biosynthesis of Different Groups of Secondary Metabolites 265 13.2.4.2 Metabolic Cycles of Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds 266 13.3 The Metabolism Terpenes 269 13.3.1 Metabolic Cycle of Mevalonic Acid Biosynthesis 271 13.3.2 Metabolic Cycle of Methylerythritol Phosphate Biosynthesis 272 13.4 The Role of Essential Oils and the Specificity of Their Accumulation in Plants 272 13.5 Essential Oils from Plants in Perfume 281 13.5.1 Linalool (3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol), C10H18O 286 13.5.2 Camphor (1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-one), C10H16O 286 13.5.3 Cedrol (1S, 2R, 5S, 7R, 8R)-(2,6,6,8-tetramethyltricyclo [5.3.1.01,5] undecan-8-ol or cedran-8-ol), C15H26O 286 13.5.4 Eugenol (2-methoxy-4-allylphenol; 1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene), C10H12O2 287 13.5.5 Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al), C10H16O 287 13.5.6 Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) C8H8O3 287 13.5.7 Syringe Aldehyde (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde) C9H10O4 288 13.6 Conclusions and Remarks 289 References 290 14 Bioprospection of Plants for Essential Mineral Micronutrients 293Nikita Bisht and Puneet Singh Chauhan 14.1 Introduction 293 14.2 Plants as a Source of Mineral Micronutrients 293 14.3 Bioavailability of Micronutrients from Plants 294 14.3.1 Bioavailability of Fe and Zn 294 14.3.2 Impact of Food Processing on Micronutrient Bioavailability from Plant Foods 295 14.4 Manipulating Plant Micronutrients 296 14.4.1 Improving Bioavailability of Micronutrients from Plant Foods 296 14.4.2 Metabolic Engineering of Micronutrients in Crop Plants 297 14.5 Microbes in the Biofortification of Micronutrients in Crops 298 14.6 Conclusions 299 References 299 15 Algal Biomass: A Natural Resource of High-Value Biomolecules 303Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Ananya Singh, Variyata Agrawal, and Neelam Yadav 15.1 Introduction 303 15.2 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration 304 15.3 Algae in High-Value Biomolecules Production 306 15.3.1 Proteins, Peptides, and Amino Acids 310 15.3.2 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) 311 15.3.3 Polysaccharides 312 15.3.4 Pigments 313 15.3.4.1 Chlorophylls 313 15.3.4.2 Carotenoids 314 15.3.4.3 Phycobilliproteins (PBPs) 315 15.3.5 Vitamins 316 15.3.6 Polyphenols 316 15.3.7 Phytosterols 317 15.3.8 Phytohormones 318 15.3.9 Minerals 318 15.4 Algae in Biofuel Production/Generation 319 15.4.1 Thermochemical Conversion 319 15.4.2 Chemical Conversion by Transesterification 321 15.4.3 Biochemical Conversion 322 15.4.4 Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) 324 15.5 Algae in Additional Applications 325 15.5.1 Algae as Livestock Feed and Nutrition 325 15.5.2 Algae as Feed in Aquaculture 326 15.5.3 Algae as Bio-Fertilizer 326 15.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 326 References 327 16 Plant Bioprospecting for Biopesticides and Bioinsecticides 335Aradhana Lucky Hans and Sangeeta Saxena 16.1 Introduction 335 16.2 Current Scenario in India 336 16.3 Plants-Based Active Compounds 337 16.3.1 Azadirachtin 337 16.3.2 Pyrethrins 338 16.3.3 Rotenone 338 16.3.4 Sabadilla 339 16.3.5 Ryania 339 16.3.6 Nicotine 339 16.3.7 Acetogenins 339 16.3.8 Capsaicinoids 339 16.3.9 Essential Oils 340 16.4 Advantages and Future Prospects of Bioinsecticides 340 16.5 Conclusions 342 Acknowledgment 343 References 343 17 Plant Biomass to Bioenergy 345Mrinalini Srivastava and Debasis Chakrabarty 17.1 Introduction 345 17.2 Plant Biomass 346 17.2.1 Types of Biomass (Source: [17]) 347 17.3 Bioenergy 347 17.4 Biomass Conversion into Bioenergy 348 17.4.1 Cogeneration 349 17.5 The Concept of Biomass Energy (Source: [27]) 349 17.5.1 Thermochemical Conversion 349 17.5.1.1 Direct Combustion 349 17.5.1.2 Pyrolysis 349 17.5.1.3 Gasification 349 17.5.2 Biochemical Conversion 350 17.5.2.1 Anaerobic Digestion 350 17.5.2.2 Alcohol Fermentation 350 17.5.2.3 Hydrogen Production from Biomass 350 17.6 Use of Biofuel in Transportation 350 17.7 Production of Biogas and Biomethane from Biomass 350 17.8 Generation of Biofuel 351 17.8.1 Bioethanol 351 17.8.2 Biodiesel 352 17.9 Advanced Technologies in the Area of Bioenergy 352 17.10 Conclusion 353 Acknowledgment 354 References 354 18 Bioenergy Crops as an Alternate Energy Resource 357Garima Pathak and Shivanand Suresh Dudhagi 18.1 Introduction 357 18.2 Classification of Bioenergy Crops 358 18.2.1 First-Generation Bioenergy Crops 358 18.2.1.1 Sugarcane 359 18.2.1.2 Corn 359 18.2.1.3 Sweet Sorghum 359 18.2.1.4 Oil Crops 360 18.2.2 Second-Generation Bioenergy Crops 360 18.2.2.1 Switchgrass 360 18.2.2.2 Miscanthus 361 18.2.2.3 Alfalfa 361 18.2.2.4 Reed Canary Grass 361 18.2.2.5 Other Plants 361 18.2.3 Third-Generation Bioenergy Crops 362 18.2.3.1 Boreal Plants 362 18.2.3.2 Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Plants 362 18.2.3.3 Eucalyptus 362 18.2.3.4 Agave 362 18.2.3.5 Microalgae 363 18.2.4 Dedicated Bioenergy Crops 363 18.2.5 Halophytes 363 18.3 Characteristics of Bioenergy Crops 364 18.3.1 Physiological and Ecological Traits 364 18.3.2 Agronomic and Metabolic Traits 364 18.3.3 Biochemical Composition and Caloric Content 365 18.4 Genetic Improvement of Bioenergy Crops 365 18.5 Environmental Impacts of Bioenergy Crops 366 18.5.1 Soil Quality 366 18.5.2 Water and Minerals 367 18.5.3 Carbon Sequestration 367 18.5.4 Phytoremediation 367 18.5.5 Biodiversity 368 18.6 Conclusion and Future Prospect 369 References 369 19 Marine Bioprospecting: Seaweeds for Industrial Molecules 377Achintya Kumar Dolui 19.1 Introduction 377 19.2 Seaweeds as Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods 378 19.3 Seaweeds in the Alleviation of Lifestyle Disorders 380 19.4 Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Seaweeds 381 19.5 Seaweed Is a Source of Anticoagulant Agent 381 19.6 Anticancer Property of Seaweed 382 19.7 Seaweeds as Antiviral Drugs and Mosquitocides 384 19.8 Use of Seaweeds in the Cosmeceutical Industry 385 19.9 Use of Seaweed as Contraceptive Agents 386 19.10 Extraction of Active Ingredients from Seaweed 388 19.10.1 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) 388 19.10.2 Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) 389 19.10.3 Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) 389 19.10.4 Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) and EMEA 390 19.11 Market Potential of Seaweeds 390 19.12 Conclusion 391 References 391 20 Bioprospection of Orchids and Appraisal of Their Therapeutic Indications 401Devina Ghai, Jagdeep Verma, Arshpreet Kaur, Kranti Thakur, Sandip V. Pawar, and Jaspreet K. Sembi 20.1 Introduction 401 20.2 Orchids as a Bioprospecting Resource 402 20.3 Orchids as Curatives in Traditional India 403 20.4 Therapeutics Indications of Orchids in Asian Region 403 20.5 Evidences of Medicinal Uses of Orchids in Ethnic African Groups 404 20.6 Orchids as a Source of Restoratives in Europe 405 20.7 Remedial Uses of Orchids in American and Australian Cultures 405 20.8 Scientific Appraisal of Therapeutic Indications of Orchids 406 20.8.1 Orchids as Potent Anticancer Agents 406 20.8.2 Immunomodulatory Activity in Orchids 412 20.8.3 Orchids and Their Antioxidant Potential 412 20.8.4 Antimicrobial Studies in Orchids 412 20.8.5 Orchids and Anti-inflammatory Activity 413 20.8.6 Antidiabetic Prospects in Orchids 413 20.8.7 Other Analeptic Properties in Orchids 414 20.9 Conclusions 414 Acknowledgments 415 References 415 Index 425

Read more less