Biodiversity / Ecosystems Books

Book SynopsisDNA is the essence of life and the original big data'. New technologies are allowing scientists to access and make sense of this information like never before, and they are using it to solve the world's greatest environmental challenges.Applied Environmental Genomics synthesises the latest and most exciting uses of genomic technologies for environmental science and management. With an emphasis on diversity of applications and real-world demonstrations, leading researchers have contributed detailed chapters on innovative approaches to obtaining critical management-relevant information about the natural world. These chapters are complemented by perspective sections written by environmental managers who describe their experiences using genomics to support evidence-based decisions.Ideal for students, researchers and professionals working in natural resource management and policy, Applied Environmental Genomics is a comprehensive introduction to a fast-moving field that is Table of ContentsSection A: Biodiversity 1. Design considerations for eDNA metabarcoding surveys 2. Measuring biodiversity with eDNA metabarcoding 3. Perspective – eDNA and metagenomics: a story of a disruptive technology for biodiversity monitoring 4. Revealing animal diet and food webs through DNA metabarcoding 5. Approaching ecological questions using DNA barcodes Section B: Life history and population biology 6. Lifespan estimation from genomic analysis 7. Development of epigenetic clocks 8. Molecular sex identification for applications in conservation, industry and veterinary medicine 9. Perspective – Whole genome assemblies, devils and disease 10. Genetic-based inventories of wildlife abundance 11. The practical magic of close-kin mark-recapture 12. Perspective – Genomics and bear management 13. How can we use genomics to predict and improve population viability? Section C: Adaptation and change 14. Adaptive responses to the environment and environmental change 15. Perspective – The power of genomics for guiding reintroductions 16. Palaeo- and museo-genomics: perspectives on modern species 17. Perspective – Genomics and the prioritisation of taxa and populations for conservation Section D: Environmental molecular physiology 18. Applied epigenomics in a rapidly changing world 19. DNA-based microbial bioindication of environmental state 20. Perspective – The promise of ecotoxicogenomics for assessing aquatic health Section E: Spatial genomics 21. Unravelling plant-pollinator interactions through pollen DNA analysis 22. Genomic approaches to study dispersal in wild animal populations: implications for wildlife management 23. Conservation prioritisation based on evolutionary distinctiveness of communities Section F: Biosecurity and disease monitoring 24. Invasive species detection and management using genomic methods 25. Genomic identification and surveillance of infectious diseases in natural systems 26. Management of vertebrate pests using genetic control techniques 27. Perspective – The ‘E’ in RD&E and the application of genomics for environmental and biosecurity risk management

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Book SynopsisProtected areas spearhead our response to the rapidly accelerating biodiversity crisis. However, while the number of protected areas has been growing rapidly over the past 20 years, the extent to which the world's protected areas are effectively conserving species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services is poorly understood. Highlights new techniques for better management and monitoring of protected areas Sets guidelines for the decision making processes involved in setting up and maintaining protected areas Fully international in scope and covering all ecosystems and biomes Table of ContentsContributors ix Introduction: Do Protected Areas Safeguard Biodiversity? 1 J. E. M. Baillie, L. Joppa and J. G. Robinson Part I The Global Protected Area Portfolio 11 1. Government Commitments for Protected Areas: Status of Implementation and Sources of Leverage to Enhance Ambition 13 L. Krueger 2. Protected Area Diversity and Potential for Improvement 34 N. Dudley and S. Stolton 3. Sound Investments: Protected Areas as Natural Solutions to Climate Change and Biodiversity Conservation 49 K. MacKinnon 4. Optimal Protection of the World’s Threatened Birds, Mammals, and Amphibians 66 J. E. M. Watson, D. B. Segan and R. A. Fuller 5. Maintaining a Global Data Set on Protected Areas 81 A. Milam, S. Kenney, D. Juffe‐Bignoli, B. Bertzky, C. Corrigan, B. MacSharry, N. D. Burgess and N. Kingston Part II The Fate of Species in Protected Areas 103 6. Species Population Trends in Protected Areas 105 B. Collen, L. McRae, E. Nicholson, I. D. Craigie, E. J. Milner‐Gulland, J. Loh and S. Whitmee 7. Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving Large Carnivores in Europe 122 L. Santini, L. Boitani, L. Maiorano and C. Rondinini 8. Towards Understanding Drivers of Wildlife Population Trends in Terrestrial Protected Areas 134 M. Barnes, I. D. Craigie and M. Hockings Part III Managing Protected Areas at System Scales 151 9. Toward Assessing the Vulnerability of US National Parks to Land Use and Climate Change 153 A. Hansen, C. Davis, J. Haas and N. Piekielek 10. Integrating Community‐Managed Areas into Protected Area Systems: The Promise of Synergies and the Reality of Trade‐Offs 169 M. Rao, H. Nagendra, G. Shahabuddin and L. R. Carrasco 11. The Importance of Asia’s Protected Areas for Safeguarding Commercially High Value Species 190 J. Walston, E. J. Stokes and S. Hedges Part IV Monitoring Protected Areas at System Scales 209 12. Monitoring Protected Area Coverage and Impact on Key Biodiversity Areas, Important Bird Areas and Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites 211 S. H. M. Butchart, T. M. Brooks, J. P. W. Scharlemann and M. A. K. Mwangi 13. Camera Traps for Conservation: Monitoring Protected Area Investments 228 T. G. O’Brien 14. Monitoring Protected Areas from Space 242 N. Pettorelli, M. Wegmann, L. Gurney and G. Dubois Index 260

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Book Synopsis* Written by an international renowned team of authors. * Addresses key contemporary issues in conservation biology and looks at the realities and problems of applied conservation. * Emphasizes the three key themes in conservation biology: principles, policy and practice.Trade Review'This is probably one of the best recent books on this area of work. It deserves the widest readership and should be a 'must-buy' text for the library both institutional and personal.' British Ecological Society “The book is well edited…I highly recommend this well-written volume…it provides diverse essays that address conservation topics in a refreshing manner…good companion textbook.” Quarterly Review of Biology "[T]he result is an authoritative yet accessible work, which should attract a diverse readership." Biologist "An excellent textbook describing various aspects of conservation science and practice … .Greatly recommended." Folia GeobotanicaTable of ContentsPreface. List of Contributors. List of Boxes. 1. The Pathology of Biodiversity Loss: the Practice of Conservation: Chris R. Dickman (University of Sydney), Stuart L. Pimm (Duke University) and Marcel Cardillo (Imperial College London). 2. Prioritizing Choices in Conservation: Georgina M. Mace (Zoological Society of London), Hugh P. Possingham (University of Queensland) and Nigel Leader-Williams (University of Kent). 3. What is Biodiversity Worth? Economics as a Problem and a Solution: David Pearce (deceased), Susanna Hecht (University of California at Los Angeles) and Frank Vorhies (Consultant Sustainability Economist). 4. Impacts of Modern Molecular Genetic Techniques on Conservation Biology: Eli Geffen (Tel Aviv University), Gordon Luikart (University of Montana)and Robin S. Waples (NOAA). 5. The Role of Metapopulations in Conservation: H. Resit Akçakaya (Applied Biomathematics), Gus Mills (University of Pretoria) and C. Patrick Doncaster (University of Southampton). 6. Managing Biodiversity in the Light of Climate Change: Current Biological Effects and Future Impacts: Terry L. Root (Stanford University), Diana Liverman (University of Oxford) and Chris Newman (University of Oxford). 7. Technology in Conservation: a Boon but with Small Print: Stephen A. Ellwood (University of Oxford), Rory P. Wilson (University of Wales Swansea) and Alonzo C. Addison (Virtual Heritage Network). 8. Animal Welfare and Conservation: Measuring Stress in the Wild: Graeme McLaren (UK Environment Agency), Christian Bonacic (University of Oxford) and Andrew Rowan. 9. Does Modelling have a Role in Conservation?: Mark S. Boyce (University of Alberta), Steve P. Rushton (University of Newcastle) and Tim Lynam (CSIRO). 10. Conservation in the Tropics: Evolving Roles for Governments, International Donors and Non-governement Organizations: Steve Cobb (Environment and Development Group), Joshua Ginsberg (Columbia University) and Jorgen Thomsen (Conservation International). 11. Do Parasites Matter? Infectious Diseases and the Conservation of Host Populations: Philip Riordan (University of Oxford), Peter Hudson (Penn State University) and Steve Albon (Macaulay Institute). 12. The Nature of the Beast: Using Biological Processes in Vertebrate Pest Management: Sandra Baker (University of Oxford), Grant Singleton and Rob Smith (University of Huddersfield). 13. Introduced Species and the Line between Biodiversity Conservation and Naturalistic Eugenics: David W. Macdonald (University of Oxford), Carolyn M. King (University of Waikato) and Robert Strachan (Environment Agency Wales). 14. Bushmeat: the Challenge of Balancing Human and Wildlife Needs in African Moist Tropical Forests: John E. Fa (Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust), Lise Albrechtsen (Food and Agriculture Organization) and David Brown (Overseas Development Institute). 15. Does Sport Hunting Benefit Conservation?: Andrew K. Loveridge (University of Oxford), J.C. Reynolds (The Game Conservancy Trust) and E.J. Milner-Gulland (Imperial College London). 16. Can Farming and Wildlife Coexist?: Ruth E. Feber (University of Oxford), Elizabeth J. Asteraki (CAB International) and Les G. Firbank (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology). 17. Living with Wildlife: the Roots of Conflict and the Solutions: Claudio Sillero-Zubiri (University of Oxford), Raman Sukumar (Indian Institute of Science) and Adrian Treves (Makerere University). 18. Principles, Practice and Priorities: the Quest for Alignment: David W. Macdonald (University of Oxford), N. Mark Collins (Commonwealth Foundation) and Richard Wrangham (Harvard University). Index

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Book SynopsisBring home the Photo Ark, by celebrated National Geographic photographer Joel Sartore, with this collectible set of 50 postcards, including some of the most celebrated images taken of our planet's most precious species.

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Book SynopsisAs the impacts of anthropogenic activities increase in both magnitude and extent, biodiversity is coming under increasing pressure. Scientists and policy makers are frequently hampered by a lack of information on biological systems, particularly information relating to long-term trends. Such information is crucial to developing an understanding as to how biodiversity may respond to global environmental change. Knowledge gaps make it very difficult to develop effective policies and legislation to reduce and reverse biodiversity loss. This book explores the gap between global commitments to biodiversity conservation, and local action to track biodiversity change and implement conservation action. High profile international political commitments to improve biodiversity conservation, such as the targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity, require innovative and rapid responses from both science and policy. This multi-disciplinary perspective highlights barriers to consTrade Review“If you are a teacher, conservation scientist, or biodiversity manager and want to choose one book integrating biodiversity monitoring and indicators, this is the volume to get.” (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 October 2015) “This does nothing to take away from the editors’ primary accomplishment, however, which is to have produced the most authoritative volume currently available on biodiversity monitoring.” (Biological Conservation,1 October 2014) “Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.” (Choice, 1 March 2014)Table of ContentsContributors xi Acknowledgements xv 1. Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation: Bridging the Gaps Between Global Commitment and Local Action 1Ben Collen, Nathalie Pettorelli, Jonathan E.M. Baillie and SarahM. Durant Part I Species-Based Indicators of Biodiversity Change 17 2. Tracking Change in National-Level Conservation Status: National Red Lists 19Ben Collen, Janine Griffiths, Yolan Friedmann, Jon Paul Rodriguez, Franklin Rojas-Suarez and Jonathan E.M. Baillie 3. TheWildlife Picture Index: A Biodiversity Indicator for Top Trophic Levels 45Timothy G. O'Brien and Margaret F. Kinnaird 4. Tracking Change in Abundance: The Living Planet Index 71Ben Collen, Louise McRae, Jonathan Loh, Stefanie Deinet, Adriana De Palma, Robyn Manley and Jonathan E.M. Baillie Part II Indicators of the Pressures on Biodiversity 95 5. Satellite Data-Based Indices to Monitor Land Use and Habitat Changes 97Nathalie Pettorelli 6. Indicators of Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity 120Wendy B. Foden, Georgina M. Mace and Stuart H.M. Butchart 7. Monitoring Trends in Biological Invasion, its Impact andPolicyResponses 138Piero Genovesi, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Melodie A. McGeoch and David B. Roy 8. Exploitation Indices: Developing Global and National Metrics of Wildlife Use and Trade 159Rosamunde E.A. Almond, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Thomasina E.E. Oldfield, Louise McRae and Steven de Bie 9. Personalized Measures of Consumption and Development in the Context of Biodiversity Conservation: Connecting the Ecological Footprint Calculation with the Human Footprint Map 189Eric W. Sanderson Part III The Next Generation of Biodiversity Indicators 211 10. Indicator Bats Program: A System for the Global Acoustic Monitoring of Bats 213Kate E. Jones, Jon A. Russ, Andriy-Taras Bashta, Zoltan Bilhari, Colin Catto, Istvan Csosz, Alexander Gorbachev, Peter Gyorfi, Alice Hughes, Igor Ivashkiv, Natalia Koryagina, Aniko Kurali, Steve Langton, Alanna Collen, Georgiana Margiean, Ivan Pandourski, Stuart Parsons, Igor Prokofev, Abigel Szodoray-Paradi, Farkas Szodoray-Paradi, Elena Tilova, Charlotte L. Walters, Aidan Weatherill and Oleg Zavarzin 11. Occupancy Methods for Conservation Management 248Darryl I. MacKenzie and James T. Reardon 12. Monitoring and Evaluating the Socioeconomic Impacts of Conservation Projects on Local Communities 265Katherine Homewood 13. Science to Policy Linkages for the Post-2010 Biodiversity Targets 291Georgina M. Mace, Charles Perrings, Philippe Le Prestre, Wolfgang Cramer, Sandra Diaz, Anne Larigauderie, Robert J. Scholes and Harold A. Mooney Part IV Biodiversity Monitoring in Practice 311 14. Building Sustainable National Monitoring Networks 313Sarah M. Durant 15. Monitoring in the Real World 335Julia P.G. Jones 16. Monitoring in UNDP-GEF Biodiversity Projects: Balancing Conservation Priorities, Financial Realities, and Scientific Rigour 348Sultana Bashir 17. Scaling Up or Down? LinkingGlobal and National Biodiversity Indicators and Reporting 402Philip Bubb 18. Conserving Biodiversity in a Target-Driven World 421Simon N. Stuart and Ben Collen Index 439

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Book SynopsisIn 1992, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), signed by over 160 countries and hailed as the key symbol of a common vision for saving Earth''s biodiversity, set forth three primary mandates: preserving biodiversity, using biodiversity components sustainably, and enabling economic benefit-sharing. The CBD—which gave signatory countries the ability to claim sovereignty over nonhuman genetic resources native to each nation—defined biodiversity through a politics of nationhood in ways that commodified genetic resources. In Biogenetic Paradoxes of the Nation Sakari Tamminen traces the ways in which the CBD''s seemingly compatible yet ultimately paradox-ridden aims became manifest in efforts to create, conserve, and capitalize on distinct animal and plant species. In using Finland as a case study with which to understand the worldwide efforts to convert species into manifestations of national identity, Tamminen shows how the CBD''s policies contribute less to biodTrade Review“How do animals and plants ground the making of national natures today, in the age of biotechnology, when we know those natures to be thoroughly social, technical, and economic? Sakari Tamminen's excellent ethnography examines what he arrestingly names as ‘nonhuman nationhood,’ using the case of Finland to show us how histories of animal breeding along with new genres of molecular manipulation are shaping fresh claims and contests over genetic sovereignty.” -- Stefan Helmreich, author of * Sounding the Limits of Life: Essays in the Anthropology of Biology and Beyond *“Sakari Tamminen offers a deft combination of field observation and theoretical analysis to persuasively problematize the whole notion of national genetic heritage. Outlining the tension between increasingly energetic claims about indigeneity, originality, and nativeness and the fact that all such claims inevitably rest on construction and wishful thinking, he uses his focus on Finland to illuminate issues of global relevance.” -- Harriet Ritvo, author of * Noble Cows and Hybrid Zebras: Essays on Animals and History *"This highly informative study should be widely read." -- R. S. Kowalczyk * Choice *"The contribution of the book to critical discussions on the politics of life lies in highlighting the entangled relations between nation-building and biology, and the re-emergence of the nation as a crucial player in biopolitical battles. Furthermore, in a political climate where nations are increasingly interested in strengthening their borders – both physically and discursively – we will do well to remember Tamminen’s message about how new biotechnological relations and the related politics and institutions can expand territories and borders, but also redraw and reinforce existing ones." -- Annika Lonkila * New Genetics and Society *Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction. The New Biopolitics of Nature and the Nature of (Mis)Stakes 1 1. Finncattle: Biowealth as National Life 38 2. Alexander and the (Re)Birth of Nation: Apple Trees' Genetic Fingerprinting and the Making of a Molecular Nationhood 84 3. Stilled Life: Animal Gene Banks and New Infrastructures of Life 127 4. Experimental Administration: Genetic Sovereignty and the Institutional (Bio)Politics of Nonhuman Nationhood 173 Conclusion. Biogenetic Paradoxes of the Nation 210 Notes 223 References 237 Index 259

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Book SynopsisIn 1992, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), signed by over 160 countries and hailed as the key symbol of a common vision for saving Earth''s biodiversity, set forth three primary mandates: preserving biodiversity, using biodiversity components sustainably, and enabling economic benefit-sharing. The CBD—which gave signatory countries the ability to claim sovereignty over nonhuman genetic resources native to each nation—defined biodiversity through a politics of nationhood in ways that commodified genetic resources. In Biogenetic Paradoxes of the Nation Sakari Tamminen traces the ways in which the CBD''s seemingly compatible yet ultimately paradox-ridden aims became manifest in efforts to create, conserve, and capitalize on distinct animal and plant species. In using Finland as a case study with which to understand the worldwide efforts to convert species into manifestations of national identity, Tamminen shows how the CBD''s policies contribute less to biodTrade Review“How do animals and plants ground the making of national natures today, in the age of biotechnology, when we know those natures to be thoroughly social, technical, and economic? Sakari Tamminen's excellent ethnography examines what he arrestingly names as ‘nonhuman nationhood,’ using the case of Finland to show us how histories of animal breeding along with new genres of molecular manipulation are shaping fresh claims and contests over genetic sovereignty.” -- Stefan Helmreich, author of * Sounding the Limits of Life: Essays in the Anthropology of Biology and Beyond *“Sakari Tamminen offers a deft combination of field observation and theoretical analysis to persuasively problematize the whole notion of national genetic heritage. Outlining the tension between increasingly energetic claims about indigeneity, originality, and nativeness and the fact that all such claims inevitably rest on construction and wishful thinking, he uses his focus on Finland to illuminate issues of global relevance.” -- Harriet Ritvo, author of * Noble Cows and Hybrid Zebras: Essays on Animals and History *"This highly informative study should be widely read." -- R. S. Kowalczyk * Choice *"The contribution of the book to critical discussions on the politics of life lies in highlighting the entangled relations between nation-building and biology, and the re-emergence of the nation as a crucial player in biopolitical battles. Furthermore, in a political climate where nations are increasingly interested in strengthening their borders – both physically and discursively – we will do well to remember Tamminen’s message about how new biotechnological relations and the related politics and institutions can expand territories and borders, but also redraw and reinforce existing ones." -- Annika Lonkila * New Genetics and Society *Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction. The New Biopolitics of Nature and the Nature of (Mis)Stakes 1 1. Finncattle: Biowealth as National Life 38 2. Alexander and the (Re)Birth of Nation: Apple Trees' Genetic Fingerprinting and the Making of a Molecular Nationhood 84 3. Stilled Life: Animal Gene Banks and New Infrastructures of Life 127 4. Experimental Administration: Genetic Sovereignty and the Institutional (Bio)Politics of Nonhuman Nationhood 173 Conclusion. Biogenetic Paradoxes of the Nation 210 Notes 223 References 237 Index 259

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Book SynopsisCITIZEN SCIENTIST is award-winning environmental journalist and author Mary Ellen Hannibal's story of becoming a citizen scientist - and finding more than she bargained for at every turn. She knew she was joining a flourishing community of volunteers who help conserve nature, but she was surprised to learn how this new and tech-enabled movement continues a rich tradition of amateur observation established by writers and naturalists over centuries. And she knew, in the midst of an unprecedented mass extinction, that she would find a shrinking number of species, but she couldn't know how her father's sudden passing would tear open her quest to confront loss.Ultimately, to be a citizen scientist is to intimately examine all the life that still finds a way. So as Hannibal, alongside an inspiring cast of fellow citizen scientists, discovers a wealth of species - by wading into tide pools, tracking hawks, scouring mountains - she also rescues herself from an odyssey of loss, and finds a hopeful and practical way forward.

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Book SynopsisThe crucial importance of biodiversity law to future human welfare is only now being fully appreciated. This wide-ranging handbook presents a range of perspectives from leading international experts reflecting up-to-date research thinking on the vital subject of biodiversity and its interaction with law.Through a rigorous examination of the principles, procedures and practices that characterise this area of law, this timely volume effectively highlights its objectives, implementation, achievements, and prospects. More specifically, the work addresses the regulatory challenges posed by the principal contemporary threats to biological diversity, the applicable general principles of international environmental law and the visions, values and voices that are shaping the development of the law. Presenting thematic rather than regime-based coverage, the editors demonstrate the state-of-the-art of current research and identify future research needs and directions.This comprehensive and authoritative handbook will be an indispensable resource for legal scholars, students and practitioners alike. Contributors include: K. Bastmeijer, M. Bowman, R. Caddell, E. Cloatre, P. Davies, M. Fitzmaurice, M. Fosci, D. French, E.J. Goodwin, K. Hulme, E.A. Kirk, V. Koester, N. Mohammed, R. Rayfuse, K.N. Scott, A. Trouwborst, T. WestTrade ReviewThis is a remarkable book. It comprises the best scholars in the field covering all of the essential elements needed to understand and respond to the foremost conservation challenges of the 21st century. It is contemporary, insightful and challenging. In my opinion, this work is essential for any scholar, practitioner or student who works in this area. --Alexander Gillespie, University of Waikato, New ZealandTable of ContentsContents: Preface PART I VISIONS, VALUES AND VOICES 1. Law, Legal Scholarship and the Conservation of Biological Diversity: 2020 Vision and Beyond Michael Bowman 2. In Whose Interest? Instrumental and Intrinsic Value in Biodiversity Law Mattia Fosci and Tom West 3. Participatory Resource Management: A Caribbean Case Study Nicole Mohammed 4. The Role of Non-State Actors in Treaty Regimes for the Protection of Marine Biodiversity Elizabeth A. Kirk PART II SIGNIFICANT THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY 5. Climate Change, Marine Biodiversity and International Law Rosemary Rayfuse 6. Broad Spectrum Efforts to Enhance the Conservation of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Edward J. Goodwin 7. Alien Invasive Species – is the EU’s Strategy Fit for Purpose? Peter Davies 8. Countering Fragmentation of Habitats under International Wildlife Regimes Arie Trouwborst 9. Armed Conflict and Biodiversity Karen Hulme PART III GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 10. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Concept of Sustainable Development: The Extent and Manner of the Convention’s Application of Components of the Concept Veit Koester 11. Whaling and Inter- and Intra-Generational Equity Malgosia Fitzmaurice 12. Common Concern, Common Heritage and other Global(-ising) Concepts: Rhetorical Devices, Legal Principles or a Fundamental Challenge? Duncan French PART IV REGULATORY CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES 13. Biodiversity, Knowledge and the Making of Rights: Reviewing the Debates on Bioprospecting and Ownership Emilie Cloatre 14. Ecological Restoration in International Biodiversity Law: A Promising Strategy to Address Our Failure to Prevent? Kees Bastmeijer 15. Non-Compliance Procedures and the Implementation of Commitments under Wildlife Treaties Karen N. Scott 16. ‘Only Connect’? Regime Interaction and Global Biodiversity Conservation Richard Caddell Index

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Book SynopsisThis Handbook presents state-of-the-art methodological guidance and discussion of international practice related to the integration of biodiversity and ecosystem services in impact assessment, featuring contributions from leading researchers and practitioners the world over. Its multidisciplinary approach covers contributions across five continents to broaden the scope of the field both thematically and geographically. A multifaceted variety of case studies provide examples of the use of information on biodiversity and ecosystem services in different types of impact assessment to improve decisions at all levels, from strategic choices to individual projects. In addition to its discussion of how biodiversity and ecosystem services can improve the salience and effectiveness of impact assessment, this Handbook presents a range of applications and possible solutions to challenges in key policy and planning sectors, including urban development, land use, energy, marine areas, infrastructure, agriculture, forestry, health and tourism. This Handbook's combination of cutting-edge literature and methodological guidance supports researchers, practitioners and students in developing and implementing biodiversity and ecosystem services-inclusive impact assessment processes, which can contribute to better decisions about the use of our lands and waters. As such it will appeal not only to scholars of impact assessment but of environmental sciences, environmental engineering, natural sciences, planning and economics as well.Contributors include: C. Albert, A. Antón, M. Ashley, J. Azcarate, B. Balfors, S. Brownlie, L. Bulling, C. Cortinovis, R.T.T. Forman, S. Frank, C. Fürst, D. Geneletti, J. Goldstein, T. Hooper, P. Horwitz, M. Hughes, P. Itkonen, M. Jimenez, M. Karlson, L. Karrasch, C.M. Kennedy, J.M. Kiesecker, J. Köppel, L. Kopperoinen, O. Langmead, D. Maia de Souza, L. Mandle, L. Milà i Canals, U. Mörtberg, D. Newsome, S. Odelius Gordon, M.W. Parkes, K. Pietzsch, F. Pietzsch, A. Rajvanshi, D. Roe, D.A. Rozas Vásquez, M. Ruckelshaus, H. Tallis, L. Tardieu, F. Teillard, J. Treweek, J. Wu, L. ZardoTrade ReviewThis volume integrates across disciplinary, sectoral and national perspectives to illuminate the cutting edge of contemporary assessment theory and practice. Particular strengths include its focus on how changes in ecosystem services affect human well-being, its elaboration of methods for spatially explicit assessment, its insights on cumulative effects, its inclusive approach to evaluation metrics, and its insistence on the importance of stakeholder involvement in assessment processes. This wonderfully accessible volume will surely become an indispensable desk reference for all seeking to improve the management of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and sustainable development. --William C. Clark, Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsContents: Chapter 1. Introduction Davide Geneletti PART 1 MAINSTREAMING BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN IMPACT ASSESSMENT TYPES 2. Spatial Ecosystem Service Analysis for Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects Lisa Mandle and Heather Tallis 3. Ecosystem Services Analysis for Strategic Environmental Assessment: Concepts and Examples Davide Geneletti 4. Scoping Health Impact Assessment: Ecosystem Services as a Framing Device Pierre Horwitz and Margot W. Parkes 5. Matching an Ecosystem Services Approach with Social Impact Assessment Leena Karrasch 6. Economic Evaluation of the Impacts of Transportation Infrastructures on Ecosystem Services Léa Tardieu 7. Addressing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment Assumpció Antón, Danielle Maia de Souza, Félix Teillard and Llorenç Milà i Canals PART II APPLICATIONS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS 8. Impacts of Urban Development on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Berit Balfors, Juan Azcarate, Ulla Mörtberg, Mårten Karlson and Sara Odelius Gordon 9. Impacts of Agricultural and Forest Management on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Christine Fürst, Susanne Frank, Marcos Jimenez, Daniel Alejandro Rozas Vásquez, Katrin Pietzsch and Frank Pietzsch 10. Applications of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Impact Assessment in Spatial Planning Leena Kopperoinen, Christian Albert and Pekka Itkonen 11. Ecosystem Services in Marine Environmental Impact Assessment: Tools to Support Marine Planning at Project and Strategic Scales Tara Hooper, Olivia Langmead and Matthew Ashley 12. Understanding the Impacts of Ecotourism on Biodiversity: A Multi-Scale, Cumulative Issue Influenced by Perceptions and Politics David Newsome and Mike Hughes 13. Exploring the Tradeoffs Between Wind Energy and Biodiversity Conservation Lea Bulling and Johann Köppel 14. Cumulative Effects of Dams on Biodiversity Asha Rajvanshi PART III CURRENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 15 Addressing the Interactions Between Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation in Impact Assessment Dilys Roe and Davide Geneletti 16. Biodiversity Offsets for ‘No Net Loss’ Through Impact Assessment Susie Brownlie and Jo Treweek 17. Mitigation for the People: An Ecosystem Services Framework Heather Tallis, Christina M. Kennedy, Mary Ruckelshaus, Joshua Goldstein and Joseph M. Kiesecker 18. Promoting Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Adaptation in Cities Through Impact Assessment Davide Geneletti, Linda Zardo and Chiara Cortinovis 19. Where are the Best Places for the Next Billion People? Think Globally, Plan Regionally Richard T.T. Forman and Jianguo (Jingle) Wu CONCLUSIONS 20. Strengthening Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Impact Assessment for Better Decisions Davide Geneletti Index

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Book SynopsisThe erosion of biodiversity is currently highly publicized. Militant movements accuse humans of destroying nature and being responsible for a sixth mass extinction. However, this anxiety-provoking message is sometimes based on misconceptions, false or partisan ideas, and media relays that favor and amplify alarmist information. If the situation of certain populations is worrying, it is not a general phenomenon because others are expanding. Rather than holding a globalizing discourse, it is necessary to recontextualize and relativize the debate to better define the necessary actions.Biodiversity Erosion analyzes numerous scientific publications, as well as alarming discussions, emphasizing the multiple biases present in the way information is presented. This book questions the relevance of the notion of species and the desire to compile an inventory of all living things. It argues for a less Manichean approach to our relationship with nature.Table of ContentsIntroduction xi Chapter 1 The Gradual Decline of Biodiversity: What Do We Mean? 1 1.1 The context of the debate 2 1.2 “Biodiversity”? A vague concept 3 1.3 The origins of a concept: creationist thinking 4 1.4 Decline: clarifying the meaning of the words 6 1.5 Are the indicators reliable? 8 1.6 Protecting what? 10 1.7 The evolution of the concept of decline: from a structural to a functional approach 11 1.8 Communication or misinformation? 13 1.9 At the roots of the sixth extinction 14 Chapter 2 The Promethean Dream: Taking Stock of Biodiversity 17 2.1 The notion of species is misleading! 17 2.2 Hidden biodiversity: cryptic or twin species 20 2.3 Species at the service of genes? 21 2.4 Species inventory: what do we know? 22 2.5 The geographical distribution of biological diversity 23 2.6 In summary 25 Chapter 3 What Can We Learn from the Great Extinctions of the Past? 27 3.1 A hundred times over, put your work back together 27 3.2 The great mass extinctions 28 3.3 The tree that hides the forest 31 3.4 Evolutionary consequences of extinctions 33 3.5 What is known about the post-extinction processes of the past? 35 3.6 In summary 35 Chapter 4 Biodiversity Decline: “The Worst Is Not Certain” 37 4.1 When scientists cross the yellow line! 37 4.2 The risk of extinction 40 4.2.1 Endemic species 40 4.2.2 Specialist species 42 4.2.3 Ubiquitous or opportunistic species 42 4.3 Vulnerability of species to risks 42 4.4 Species extinctions in the plant world 44 4.5 What do we know about species extinctions in animals? 46 4.6 Species extinctions in France 47 4.7 The false trails of globalization: contextualizing erosion! 51 4.8 In summary 53 Chapter 5 Let’s Talk about the Renewal Rate of Biological Diversity 55 5.1 Extinction debt and speciation credit 55 5.2 Speciation processes 57 5.3 The speed of appearance of new species 58 5.4 Is speciation more important in tropical environments? 62 5.5 Evolution and the role of chance 63 5.6 Is habitat fragmentation a threat to biodiversity? 64 5.7 In summary 66 Chapter 6 Controversies Surrounding the Extinction Rate 67 6.1 The laborious calculation of the extinction rate 68 6.2 The area/species relationship: a highly criticized prospective tool! 71 6.3 Text commentary on the extinction rate of species according to the Sagascience website 74 6.4 A debate confused by ideological concerns 76 6.5 In summary 78 Chapter 7 The Hidden Face of Methods for Assessing Biodiversity Decline 81 7.1 Who can be trusted to analyze the data? 82 7.2 Questions about the “species” metric 83 7.3 Amalgamation and false leads 84 7.4 Contingency and the problem of changes in scale: global versus local 85 7.5 Losers, but also winners? 86 7.6 Manipulating figures: communication or hijacking? 88 7.7 The health sector taken hostage 89 Chapter 8 Biodiversity and the Functioning of Ecosystems: A Multitude of Preconceived Ideas 91 8.1 The black box of ecological functioning 91 8.2 The balance of nature is fiction 92 8.3 Disruption does not mean disaster 94 8.4 Are all species needed? 95 8.5 Deterministic or stochastic ecological systems? 96 8.6 The more species there are, the more resilient the ecological system is 97 8.7 The threshold effect or the fall of a paradigm! 98 8.8 Species substitutions and the functioning of ecological systems 99 8.9 In summary 100 Chapter 9 Species Introductions: For Better or For Worse 101 9.1 The delicate issue of indigenousness 102 9.2 Species introductions: one of the main causes of biodiversity loss? 104 9.3 Species introductions and ecosystem functioning 106 9.4 Why are our trees sick? 107 9.5 Can introductions be controlled? 109 9.5.1 The case of climate migrants 110 9.5.2 Stowaways 110 9.5.3 Voluntary or accidental introductions 111 9.5.4 Lack of courtesy 112 9.6 Being pragmatic? 112 9.7 Strongly divergent opinions among scientists 114 9.8 In summary 115 Chapter 10 Global Warming: A Catastrophe for Biodiversity? 117 10.1 Climate uncertainties 119 10.2 The lessons of retrospective ecology 121 10.3 Likely consequences of reduced precipitation 123 10.4 Likely impacts of temperature increase on biodiversity 123 10.5 Rising sea levels 125 10.6 Undergoing or going along with change? 126 10.7 In summary 127 Chapter 11 Is Planning Destroying Biodiversity? 129 11.1 European nature: a reconstructed nature 130 11.2 “Degraded” ecological systems… really? 131 11.3 When you transform, you lose and you win… 132 11.4 Paradox: destroying biodiversity under the pretext of naturalness 134 11.5 A brief saga of French forests 136 11.6 In summary 139 Chapter 12 The Decline of Insects 141 12.1 The decline of insect populations creates the event 141 12.2 Is the apocalypse coming? 145 12.3 The difficulty of identifying the causes 146 12.4 Speculation on possible causes 147 12.4.1 Light pollution 148 12.4.2 Pesticides 148 12.4.3 Diseases 149 12.4.4 Changes in agricultural practices 150 12.5 What is the impact on agriculture? 150 12.6 The case of bees 151 12.7 The case of butterflies 153 12.8 Some remarks on our relationship with insects 156 12.9 In summary 157 Chapter 13 The Decline of Birds 159 13.1 The red list of threatened species 159 13.2 The decline of bird populations… as early as the 19th century 160 13.3 Monitoring of the STOC program 163 13.4 Focus on the farmland bird guild 164 13.4.1 Different trends for different species 164 13.4.2 Disparities between regions are a cause for concern 166 13.4.3 A general decline across Europe 169 13.5 The habitat trail 173 13.6 Many other causes 175 13.7 The role of reserves 177 13.8 On what basis can we talk about decline? 179 13.9 Let nature take its course? 179 13.10 In summary 182 Chapter 14 Reasons to be Positive 183 14.1 Highly resilient ecological systems 183 14.1.1 Oil spills 184 14.1.2 Fires 184 14.1.3 How long does it take for a tropical forest to regenerate? 186 14.1.4 Pollution of continental aquatic systems 186 14.2 Recovering populations! 187 14.3 Nature conquers the city 191 14.3.1 Reducing pollution 193 14.3.2 “Rewilding” the city? 193 14.4 Rehabilitation of “degraded” systems 194 14.4.1 Water quarries 194 14.4.2 Slag heaps 195 14.5 What is the future for anthropized nature, left to its own devices? 195 14.6 Let’s talk about the wolf 196 14.7 In summary 198 Chapter 15 From Facts to Extrapolations 199 15.1 Many inconsistencies and post-truths 201 15.2 Going beyond ecocentrism: what kinds of nature do we want? 203 15.3 Protected areas and the return of colonialism? 205 15.4 Nature, an inexhaustible source of problems 207 15.5 Single-mindedness and anxiety-provoking communication 208 15.6 The business of biodiversity 209 References 213 Index 235

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Book SynopsisThe Anthropocene era has been marked by such significant human pressure that it has led to the sixth mass extinction. The Baseline Concept in Biodiversity Conservation interprets human domination of the Earth as the process of gradual landscape change, the execution of which is neither linear nor homogeneous. This book is structured around three key questions: Where and when did everything go wrong? How do we define baseline states for biodiversity conservation strategies? How are reference states mobilized in a concrete way through case studies? Today, biodiversity conservation faces a dilemma that this book sheds light on: return to states less modified by humans than today but in a world that has changed significantly; or, let the nature of tomorrow express itself where it still can but without a road map.Table of ContentsPart 1. Defining Baselines 1. Temporal Baselines: Finding a Tipping Point in the Past by Laurent Godet, Simon Dufour, Anne-Julia Rollet and Armelle Decaulne 2. Spatial Baselines: Is Going Elsewhere Easier Than Going Back in Time by Anne-Julia Rollet, Simon Dufour and Armelle Decaulne 3. Mapping What is Left of Nature by Laurent Godet and Adrien Geutté 4. The Baseline: A Social Construction by Clémence Moreau, Cécile Barnaud and Raphaël Mathevet Part 2. Using Baselines to Conserve Nature 5. Rewilding by the Return of Ghosts of the Past by Laurent Godet 6. Spontaneous Rewilding through Land Abandonment by Adrien Guetté and Jonathan Carruthers-Jones 7. Geoprospective: Looking for Potential Scenarios by Thomas Houet 8. The Place of Ecological Knowledge in Policies for Ecological Neutrality: No Net Loss and Biodiversity Offsetting by Coralie Calvet Part 3. Examples of the Use of Baselines 9. The Variability of Baselines Mobilized in Littoral Protected Areas: The Anthropocene as a Dividing Line? By Vincent Andreu-Boussut and Céline Chadenas 10. Baselines and French Forests by Damien Marage 11. How Can We Maintain Traditional Agro-Pastoral Landscapes? By David Montembault

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Book SynopsisThis short textbook introduces students to the concept of describing natural systems using mathematical models. We highlight the variety of ways in which natural systems lend themselves to mathematical description and the importance of models in revealing fundamental processes. The process of science via the building, testing and use of models (theories) is described and forms the structure of the book. The book covers a broad range from the molecular to ecosystems and whole-Earth phenomena. Themes running through the chapters include scale (temporal and spatial), change (linear and nonlinear), emergent phenomena and uncertainty. Mathematical descriptions are kept to a minimum and we illustrate mechanisms and results in graphical form wherever possible. Essential mathematical details are described fully, with the use of boxes. The mathematics supports but does not lead the text.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Modelling the Changing Arctic Ice Chapter 2: Modelling Bacterial Population Growth Chapter 3: Modelling the Growth of Human Populations Chapter 4: Modelling Radioactive Decay to Determine the Age of the Earth Chapter 5: Modelling the Distribution of Butterfly Species Chapter 6: Volcanic Gas, Environmental Damage and Statistical Models

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Book SynopsisThis timely book considers appropriate legal practices to use to promote conservation, protection and sustainable use of biological diversity in forest and marine areas. The breadth of issues explored across these two themes is immense, and the book identifies both key differences, and striking commonalities between them. Law-makers, managers and users often have little understanding of either the complexity or the true value of biological diversity and of what is needed to preserve forest and marine ecosystems, and to keep inter-relationships between species within them healthy. Regulators face significant and practical challenges, requiring the adoption of legal frameworks in the context of scientific uncertainty. This book provides critical and comparative reflections on the role of law in both of these biodiversity contexts. Key issues not previously addressed through the law are considered - for example, the lack of international governance of peat; and the moral problem of labelling certain species as 'alien' or 'invasive'. Learned contributors draw valuable lessons for those seeking to protect biodiversity and understand its governance, from analysis of experiences gained forging international and national legal frameworks. With a blend of local and global perspectives, across a wide range of countries and policies, the book will appeal to academics and students in law, international, regional and domestic policymakers, lawmakers, NGOs and conservation agencies.Contributors include: E. Couzens, T. Daya-Winterbottom, C. de Oliveira, M. Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Y. Fristikawati, L. Heng Lye, B. Liu, S. Maljean-Dubois, G. Morgan, A. Paterson, Y. Pei, A. Prasad Pant, V.S. Radovich, S. Riley, N.A. Robinson, A. Telesetsky, S.C.-W. YangTrade Review'The book is recommended for all libraries that deal with wildlife law and is complemented with a comprehensive index.' --UKELATable of ContentsContents: Part I An Introduction to Legal Aspects of Protecting Forest and Marine Biodiversity 1. Legal Aspects of the Protection of Forest and Marine Biodiversity: Understanding the Context Ed Couzens, Alexander Paterson and Sophie Riley Part II Global issues of protection of biological diversity 2. Moral Boundaries, Anthropocentrism and Biodiversity: Possums in New Zealand as an Example Gay Morgan 3. For Peat’s Sake: Environmental Law Amidst the Bogs Nicholas A. Robinson 4. Illegal Trade in Endangered Forest and Marine Species - Enhancing Laws and Enforcement: a South-East Asian Perspective Lin Heng Lye and Sallie Chia-Wei Yang Part III The protection of biological diversity in the forest environment 5. Biodiversity and Agriculture – Friends or Foes? The Legal Implementation of Agroforestry Practices in Brazil Marcia Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque 6. Forest Biodiversity Conservation: Strengthening the Regulation and Management of Chinese Enterprises during Foreign Investment Bingyu Liu 7. Addressing Human and Wildlife Conflict in Forest Protected Areas: A Critical Analysis of China’s Nature Reserve Management Experience Yilin Pei 8. Climate Change and Forest Management in Nepal Amber Prasad Pant Part IV The protection of biological diversity in the marine environment 9. Governance of Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation at Sea: Towards Coastal Marine Biodiversity Preservation Violeta S. Radovich 10. The Valuable Role that Private Environmental Governance might play in Managing Global Fisheries Resources Anastasia Telesetsky 11. Black Coral Forests and Marine Biodiversity in New Zealand Trevor Daya-Winterbottom 12. The Contribution that the Concept of Global Public Goods can make to the Conservation of Marine Resources Carina Costa de Oliveira and Sandrine Maljean-Dubois Index C. Costa de Oliveira,

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Book SynopsisFloods, fires, famines, epidemics and disasters of all kinds are on the increase, and as their frequency rises so does the call for greater resilience. But what does that mean? The word is used differently in psychology, ecology, economics and engineering and runs the risk of becoming meaningless jargon. This would be most unfortunate because, if we are to successfully navigate very real and dangerous global trends, it is resilience that needs to be understood and fostered. Finding Resilience is international in scope and unravels how ecosystems, societies and people cope with disturbance and adversity. Written for a general readership and based on the experiences of researchers, the fascinating stories from around the world reveal what resilience is, how it works in different kinds of systems, how it is expressed, and how it can be gained and lost.Table of Contents1: WHAT’S IT ALL ABOUT? 1: Connections in a changing world 2: Another pathway 2: ENCOUNTERING RESILIENCE IN NATURE 3: Living together in ecosystems 4: Ecological choreography 5: Disturbance, change and diversity 3: THE NATURE OF RESILIENCE IN SOCIETY 6: Coping with life 7: Living together in society 8: Weathering crises 4: NATURE, SOCIETY AND RESILIENCE 9: Unintended outcomes 10: Growing pains 5: A WAY FORWARD 11: Changing cultures 12: A resilience pathway

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Book SynopsisThis timely book considers appropriate legal practices to use to promote conservation, protection and sustainable use of biological diversity in forest and marine areas. The breadth of issues explored across these two themes is immense, and the book identifies both key differences, and striking commonalities between them. Law-makers, managers and users often have little understanding of either the complexity or the true value of biological diversity and of what is needed to preserve forest and marine ecosystems, and to keep inter-relationships between species within them healthy. Regulators face significant and practical challenges, requiring the adoption of legal frameworks in the context of scientific uncertainty. This book provides critical and comparative reflections on the role of law in both of these biodiversity contexts. Key issues not previously addressed through the law are considered - for example, the lack of international governance of peat; and the moral problem of labelling certain species as 'alien' or 'invasive'. Learned contributors draw valuable lessons for those seeking to protect biodiversity and understand its governance, from analysis of experiences gained forging international and national legal frameworks. With a blend of local and global perspectives, across a wide range of countries and policies, the book will appeal to academics and students in law, international, regional and domestic policymakers, lawmakers, NGOs and conservation agencies.Contributors include: E. Couzens, T. Daya-Winterbottom, C. de Oliveira, M. Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Y. Fristikawati, L. Heng Lye, B. Liu, S. Maljean-Dubois, G. Morgan, A. Paterson, Y. Pei, A. Prasad Pant, V.S. Radovich, S. Riley, N.A. Robinson, A. Telesetsky, S.C.-W. YangTrade Review'The book is recommended for all libraries that deal with wildlife law and is complemented with a comprehensive index.' --UKELATable of ContentsContents: Part I An Introduction to Legal Aspects of Protecting Forest and Marine Biodiversity 1. Legal Aspects of the Protection of Forest and Marine Biodiversity: Understanding the Context Ed Couzens, Alexander Paterson and Sophie Riley Part II Global issues of protection of biological diversity 2. Moral Boundaries, Anthropocentrism and Biodiversity: Possums in New Zealand as an Example Gay Morgan 3. For Peat’s Sake: Environmental Law Amidst the Bogs Nicholas A. Robinson 4. Illegal Trade in Endangered Forest and Marine Species - Enhancing Laws and Enforcement: a South-East Asian Perspective Lin Heng Lye and Sallie Chia-Wei Yang Part III The protection of biological diversity in the forest environment 5. Biodiversity and Agriculture – Friends or Foes? The Legal Implementation of Agroforestry Practices in Brazil Marcia Fajardo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque 6. Forest Biodiversity Conservation: Strengthening the Regulation and Management of Chinese Enterprises during Foreign Investment Bingyu Liu 7. Addressing Human and Wildlife Conflict in Forest Protected Areas: A Critical Analysis of China’s Nature Reserve Management Experience Yilin Pei 8. Climate Change and Forest Management in Nepal Amber Prasad Pant Part IV The protection of biological diversity in the marine environment 9. Governance of Oil and Gas Exploration and Exploitation at Sea: Towards Coastal Marine Biodiversity Preservation Violeta S. Radovich 10. The Valuable Role that Private Environmental Governance might play in Managing Global Fisheries Resources Anastasia Telesetsky 11. Black Coral Forests and Marine Biodiversity in New Zealand Trevor Daya-Winterbottom 12. The Contribution that the Concept of Global Public Goods can make to the Conservation of Marine Resources Carina Costa de Oliveira and Sandrine Maljean-Dubois Index C. Costa de Oliveira,

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Book SynopsisChina and Taiwan have roughly one-eighth of the world's known species. Their approaches to biodiversity issues thus have global as well as national repercussions. Gerald McBeath and Tse-Kang Leng explore the ongoing conflicts between economic development, typically pursued by businesses and governments, and communities seeking to preserve and protect local human and ecosystem values. China and Taiwan have sharply different political and economic systems. In Taiwan, a public relatively more supportive of sustainable development, a free press, a more transparent decision-making process, and an autonomous civil society have influenced governance. Yet democratization has not guaranteed better environmental outcomes. In China, on the other hand, fragmentation of power and 'softer' forms of authoritarianism than in the Maoist era have created openings for NGOs, scientists, journalists, and officials seeking a sustainable future to participate in the environmental policy making process. The authors provide an explicit and comparative treatment of the national policies preserving rare, threatened, and endangered species and ecosystems. Considerable attention is paid to the actors involved in policy formation and implementation as well as to recent cases concerning biodiversity conservation in China and Taiwan.This comprehensive volume will appeal to students and researchers in the areas of political science, environmental science and politics, environmental activists in national and international NGOs, and members of multinational corporations working in developing countries.Trade Review'Written in a readable and concise manner, Governance of Biodiversity Conservation in China and Taiwan makes an interesting contribution to the study of Chinese environmental politics.' -- Kathleen Burton, The China Quarterly'McBeath and Leng's work on contemporary Chinese environmental governance and conservation provides an excellent overview of the key issues in the People's Republic as well as a timely comparison with environmental issues in Taiwan. . . McBeath and Leng's book is written in an concise and readable manner appropriate for undergraduate courses, while the breadth and depth of information makes it equally useful for graduate research. This book on China's environment makes a worthy contribution to contemporary conservation studies and policy issues, and should be essential reading for specialists and students working on biodiversity governance issues in China.' -- Jack Patrick Hayes, Pacific Affairs'This fascinating volume highlights the ongoing conflict between economic development and environmental protection in both mainland China and Taiwan. The authors value biological diversity and examine its loss and conservation from historical and comparative perspectives. Despite significant differences in institutional frameworks and environmental NGOs on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, the authors also note a similar approach to biodiversity conservation and the entailed success or failure. This volume is a must read for people who are concerned with the endangered global ecosystem. Students in public policy comparison may find this volume instructive in combining institutional analysis with behavioral observation.' -- Lin Gang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of ChinaTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Historical Patterns 3. Current Status of Species and Ecosystems in China and Taiwan 4. Legal and Institutional Framework for Biodiversity Conservation 5. Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation 6. Business Organizations and Biodiversity Conversation 7. ENGOs, Civil Society and Biodiversity Conservation 8. Politics and Biodiversity Conservation 9. Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisIncreasing concern surrounding the loss of natural forests and the decline in biodiversity has lead to a rise in research and policy initiatives in recent years. However, interest has focused primarily on lowland tropical rainforests. Tropical montane and temperate rainforests, which face similar pressures from human activities and play major roles in the livelihood of rural communities, are often ignored. Biodiversity Loss and Conservation in Fragmented Forest Landscapes is the product of over 10 years of intensive field research into the changing montane and temperate rainforests of Mexico and South America. By concentrating on these largely overlooked environments, the studies reported allow for comparative analysis across areas and help identify how human disturbance has impacted the biodiversity of all forest types. Chapters incorporate features of landscape ecology, floristic biodiversity, conservation and policy and vary from in-depth investigations of a single study area to integrated examinations across regions.Table of Contents1: Spatial and temporal patterns of forest loss and fragmentation in Mexico and Chile 2: Plant diversity in highly fragmented forest landscapes in Mexico and Chile: implications for conservation 3: Fragmentation and edge effects on plant-animal interactions, ecological processes and biodiversity 4: Habitat fragmentation and reproductive ecology of Embothrium coccineum, Eucryphia cordifolia and Aextoxicon punctatum in southern temperate rainforests 5: Patterns of genetic variation in tree species and their implications for conservation 6: Secondary succession under a slash-and-burn regime in a tropical montane cloud forest: soil and vegetation characteristics 7: The impact of logging and secondary succession on the below-ground system of a cloud forest in Mexico 8: Applying succession models to the conservation of tropical montane forest 9: Models of regional and local stand composition and dynamics of pine-oak forests in the Central Highlands of Chiapas (Mexico): theoretical and management implications 10: Process-based modelling of regeneration dynamics and sustainable use in species-rich rain forests 11: Testing forest biodiversity indicators by assessing anthropogenic impacts along disturbance gradients 12: Fire challenges to conserving tropical ecosystems: the case study of Chiapas 13: Identification of priority areas for conservation in South Central Chile 14: Restoration of forest ecosystems in fragmented landscapes of temperate and montane tropical Latin America 15: Future scenarios for tropical montane and south temperate forest biodiversity in Latin America

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Book SynopsisIn a perspective of sustainable management, the balance between ecological dynamics, social and economic are now at the heart of ecological modeling and environmental strategies screenwriting. Diversity and marine ecosystems function illustrates biodiversity, habitat diversity, structures and food webs in various oceans of the world and systems: pelagic and benthic ecosystems, coral reefs and seagrass beds, oasis of hydrothermal vents ridges or areas rich upwelling. Appropriate observation methods, long-term monitoring and modeling reveal the complexity of systems, trophic interactions and spatiotemporal dynamics. The ecosystem approach is a prerequisite to assess the state of these systems, their living resources and ecological services involved in local and global environmental changes.Table of ContentsForeword ixAndré MARIOTTI and Jean-Charles POMEROL Chapter 1. Marine Biosphere, Carbonate Systems and the Carbon Cycle 1Luc BEAUFORT 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Marine organisms and carbon 3 1.3. Variability in the production of organic matter 4 1.4. From the biosphere to the atmosphere to climate 7 1.5. Carbonate production 9 1.5.1. Importance of biological carbonate production in the evolution of the planet 10 1.5.2. Carbonate compensation depth 12 1.5.3. Carbonates and climate 15 1.6. The coupling of carbonaceous and organic productions 16 1.7. Modification of equilibria and consequences on marine life 17 1.8. Conclusion 20 1.9. Bibliography 21 Chapter 2. Biodiversity of Phytoplankton: Responses to Environmental Changes in Coastal Zones 25Tania HERNÁNDEZ-FARIÑAS and Cédric BACHER 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Phytoplankton ecology 26 2.2.1. General characteristics 26 2.2.2. Lifecycle 28 2.2.3. Spatial distribution32 2.2.4. Temporal variability and successions 33 2.2.5. Adaptive strategies 35 2.2.6. Functional diversity 40 2.2.7. Ecological niche 42 2.3. Phytoplankton responses to anthropogenic pressures 44 2.3.1. Main sources of anthropogenic variability 45 2.3.2. Responses with regard to biomass, abundance and species composition 48 2.3.3. Changes in spatial distribution 54 2.3.4. Changes in phenology and amplitude of blooms 56 2.3.5. Size spectrum 59 2.4. Observation systems for the identification of phytoplankton 60 2.4.1. Detecting changes in time series 60 2.4.2. Taxonomic aggregation levels 63 2.5. Conclusion 65 2.6. Bibliography 66 Chapter 3. Marine Seagrasses (Magnoliophyta) in the Intertropical Zone 81Christian HILY 3.1. From plant to habitat 81 3.1.1. Taxonomy and morphology of marine magnoliophyta 81 3.1.2. Biogeography 85 3.1.3. The seagrass habitat 86 3.2. Role of seagrass beds in the coastal environment 87 3.3. Functioning of seagrass beds 89 3.3.1. Production and metabolism 89 3.3.2. Trophic network 90 3.4. Challenges in the conservation of seagrass beds 92 3.4.1. Rare and endangered species 92 3.4.2. Specific role of seagrasses: ichthyofauna of coastal environments 93 3.4.3. Services provided by seagrass beds to humans 95 3.5. Pressures on and threats to seagrasses 95 3.5.1. Cyclones 96 3.5.2. Emersion 96 3.5.3. Global climate change 96 3.5.4. Fishing 97 3.5.5. Boating and water sports 98 3.5.6. The extraction of sandy or coral materials 98 3.5.7. Amenities 98 3.5.8. Terrigenous effluents 98 3.5.9. Harvesting 99 3.6. Restoration of seagrass beds 100 3.7. The functional role of seagrasses in the lagoon ecosystem 101 3.8. Conclusion 103 3.9. Bibliography 104 Chapter 4. Biocomplexity of Coral Ecosystems: Diversity in All its States 107Michel KULBICKI, Mehdi ADJEROUD, Laure CARASSOU, Pascale CHABANET, Valeriano PARRAVICINI, Dominique PONTON, Fanny HOULBREQUE and Laurent VIGLIOLA 4.1. Introduction 107 4.2. Diversity in the coral world 111 4.2.1. Overview. 112 4.2.2. Diversity of the main constituents of coral reefs 119 4.3. Links between diversities 138 4.3.1. From local to regional 138 4.3.2. From species to function 143 4.4. Conclusion 154 4.5. Bibliography 155 Chapter 5. Man and Diversity in the Coral Environment 165Michel KULBICKI, Mehdi ADJEROUD, Laure CARASSOU, Pascale CHABANET, Valeriano PARRAVICINI, Dominique PONTON, Fanny HOULBREQUE and Laurent VIGLIOLA 5.1. Introduction 165 5.2. Diversity and ecological services 166 5.2.1. Main ecological services 166 5.2.2. Diversity, robustness, resilience and disturbances 180 5.3. Local versus global threats: what are local threats and what are their effects? 186 5.3.1. Eutrophication 187 5.3.2. Pollution by chemical products and hydrocarbons 189 5.3.3. Impacts of coastal development 190 5.3.4. Coral diseases 191 5.4. What are the combined effects of local and global threats on corals? 192 5.5. Functions and diversity 194 5.5.1. What to protect? 194 5.5.2. Protection means 197 5.6. Conclusion 208 5.6.1. Reefs as a model? 208 5.6.2. Do coral reefs have a future? 209 5.7. Bibliography 210 Chapter 6. Hydrothermal Vents: Oases at Depth 225Jozée SARRAZIN and Daniel DESBRUYÈRES 6.1. Introduction to deep-sea ecosystems 225 6.2. Discovery of hydrothermal sources 228 6.3. Geology and geochemistry of hydrothermal systems 229 6.3.1. Formation of hydrothermal vents 229 6.3.2. Chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids 232 6.4. Microbial chemosynthesis 233 6.5. Symbioses and trophic chains 236 6.5.1. Symbioses 236 6.5.2. Trophic network 241 6.6. Distribution of fauna at different spatial scales 244 6.6.1. Ridges of the East Pacific 244 6.6.2. Ridges of the Northeast Pacific 245 6.6.3. Mid-Atlantic Ridge 246 6.6.4. Sites in the West Pacific 248 6.6.5. Ridges in the Indian Ocean 250 6.6.6. Ridges in the Southern Ocean 252 6.6.7. Cayman Ridge 253 6.6.8. Biogeography of deep hydrothermal vents 254 6.7. Faunal microdistribution and interactions 255 6.7.1. Environmental conditions 256 6.7.2. Biotic interactions 263 6.8. Temporal dynamics of hydrothermal ecosystems 265 6.8.1. Temporal studies associated with an eruption 266 6.8.2. Temporal studies of active sites 269 6.8.3. Deep-sea observatories 272 6.8.4. Dispersion of larvae and recruitment 273 6.9. Mineral resources and exploitation 275 6.10. Bibliography 279 List of Authors 293 Index 295

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Book SynopsisMany traditional approaches to rural land management are strictly sectoral, with a rigid introspective focus. Consequently the impact of silo-driven change on other land users they can often be overlooked or not appreciated. This book critically reviews why there has yet to be a clear route to upland resource management and provides insight and options for integrated transdisciplinary land management solutions for rural areas, specifically uplands. It considers the problem in order to derive appropriate solutions enhanced by a number of in-depth case studies by resource management professionals and the use of many examples of contemporary good practice from different uplands, organisations, projects and programmes.The overarching approach of the book is to provide a tool kit for those individuals, groups or organisations looking to manage the upland resource for the benefit of all. Readers are provided with a range of practical options to develop their own solutions. The book is written in such a way that readers can dip in and out of sections to plug knowledge gaps or read in its entirety for those experiencing a first foray into the complexities of upland resource management.Increasingly, rural areas are becoming recognised as a wider resource beyond traditional food, fibre and water, leading to inevitable management tensions. Goal setting, vision and strategy development, management planning, aims, objectives and prescription (actions) are considered and some of the new agendas for resource use in uplands which may be worth consideration for individual projects are explored. This comprehensive book deals with the implementation, advantages and disadvantages of a range of traditional and contemporary resource management approaches which are then expanded upon by a range of resource management professionals based on their own experiences. These case studies demonstrate the development of more effective projects and the book concludes by considering how work can be monitored and evaluated before ideas are synthesised for best practice.Trade Review'...this is a competent and thorough contribution, demostrating extensive knowledge and diligent research. It should serve as a standard reference of rural planning and economics, agriculture, human geography etc. It is also relevant to specialists within government departments, local authorities, national park administrations, environmental charities, environmental consultancies, land and forestry agents and larger rural estate offices...' Scottish Forestry, the RSFS journal​ -------------------- `A wonderfully comprehensive and insightful exploration of the multiplicity of issues affecting the uplands. The focus boxes are really good'. John Clarkson, Senior Lecturer Wildlife Conservation, Nottingham Trent University -------------------- `...we need more and better livelihoods in the uplands - Lois Mansfield's new book shows, with some much needed intellectual rigour, how this can be achieved. There's a nice set of tables...giving a pick-and-mix menu for upland resource management which is well worth thumbing through'. Alan Spedding, RuSource the rural information network and Royal Agricultural Society of England Members' Agri-Bulletin -------------------- `...an invaluable blueprint for the future. ...a narrative, interspersed with diagrams, coloured charts, tables, lists of all kinds to which you can refer for evidence and information. The results of an immense amount of research are summarised and acknowledged. Most interesting are the large sections of case studies of `working with people', and `working with territories'. ...this most complete reference book for the professionals, the scientist, the academic, or the amateur upland enthusiast. It's a one-book degree-course - highly recommended'. George Macpherson, Consultant Editor to Appropriate Technology MagazineTable of ContentsUpland resource management: why has it failed?; The character of traditional upland resource use; Setting goals for uplands; Resource appraisal techniques; Approaches to resource management; Case studies: working with people; Case studies: working with territories; Monitoring and evaluation; Upland resource management: new agendas; Glossary; References; Index

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Book SynopsisThis work synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the biology of polar benthic marine algae and presents an outlook on their responses to changing environmental conditions in polar regions. Topics treated include environment, biodiversity and biogeography of micro- and macroalgae, including an update of the knowledge of the red algal flora of Antarctica. It treats the chemical ecology as well as the primary production and ecophysiology of polar benthic algae with new information on the important contribution of benthic microalgae to the productivity in costal areas.

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Book SynopsisThe book describes the existing Plant Biodiversity of Agri-horticultural importance of temperate Kashmir and cold arid Ladakh Himalayan regions of India. The diversity presented is based on actual survey conducted by the authors across the regions over the last several yeaThe contents of the book include the available varietal wealth, both in wild as well cultivated forms, existing within all major economic plant groups of the regions viz Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Spice and Condiments, Forages, Vegetables, Ornamentals, Fruits and Nuts and Underutilized Plants. Technical, English and Kashmiri/Ladakhi names of plants of economic importance are given along with brief notes on their status and utility. The work will be helpful to researchers and students working in the fields of Plant Biodiversity, Plant Breeding, Horticulture and Economic Botany. It can specifically serve as a ready reference book for researchers and planners working on management and conservation of plant genetic resources of Indian Himalayan regions.Table of Contents01. Cereals 02. Pulses 03. Oilseeds 04. Spices & Condiments 05. Fruits and Nuts 06. Vegetables 07. Forages 08. Medicinal Plants 09. Ornamental Plants 10. Lesser Known and Underutilized Plants 11. Native Plant Bio-diversity of Indian Sub-Himalayan Regions - An Overview

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Book SynopsisBotany, like other branches of western science, has its roots in ancient Greece, with Theophrastos of Eressos (372-287 B.C.) generally considered to have been the first botanist. Modern botanical studies in the area started with the travels of John Sibthorp and Ferdinand Bauer in 1786-1787, the results of which were subsequently published in the great Flora Graeca Sibthorpiana, appearing in ten heavy folio volumes in the period 1806-1840. An annotated re-issue was prepared by Strid & Strid (2009-2013). For a brief history of the botanical exploration of Greece from the time of Sibthorp to the present, see Strid (2020a).The present Atlas covers the whole of Greece. Maps have been generated from the Flora Hellenica Database which was started in 1989 and now comprises 1,052,338 geo-referenced records, 436,353 of which have been registered by the present author. Records in the database comprise 502,882 herbarium collections and 321,759 literature reports, the rest being field notes, photographs, etc.This Atlas will provide a baseline for future studies of Greek biodiversity.

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Book SynopsisThis path-breaking study open the way for a better understanding of the environmental conflict, showing how language can be seen to shape our view of what environmental politics is really about and how those perceptions can differ between countries. The book identifies the emergence and increasing political importance of ''ecological modernization'' as a new concept in the language of environmental politics. This concept, which has come to replace the antagonistic debates of the 1970s, stresses the opportunities of environmental policy for modernizing the economy and stimulating the technological innovation. Combining abstract social theory with detailed empirical analysis, the author illustrates the social and political dynamics of ecological modernization in a detailed analysis of the acid rain controversies in Great Britain and the Netherlands. The book concludes by reflecting on the institutional challenge of the environmental politics in the years to come.Trade ReviewHajer establishes once and for all the importance of attending to the discourse dimension of public policy, and in this respect his is a truly pathbreaking work. * Policy Sciences *This superb book is one of the few successful attempts to apply contemporary sociological thinking to a detailed empirical case-study in the environmental sphere in a way which is genuinely enlightening for policy-makers as well as for academic social science disciplines ... Such challenging questions are a fitting conclusion to an excellent book. * Global Environmental Change *Maarten Hajer has delivered a book that is remarkable for its comprehensiveness and its incisiveness ... this volume establishes a firm foundation for the study of ecological modernisation and serious scholars of environmental policy will derive immense benefit from the author's astute insights. * Environmental Values *this is an important book which will interest many political scientists apart from those focusing on the environment ... There are excellent summary tables and a model of an index. For environment specialists, there are fresh insights on issues such as risk; the role of scientists and scientific data; and the emergence - with its institutional repercussions - of ecological modernization as the dominent way of conceptualizing environmental problems. The way he draws from German and Dutch primary and secondary sources is especially valuable. * Stephen C. Young, University of Manchester, Political Studies *

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Book SynopsisDr Hajer''s path-breaking study opens the way for a better understanding of the environmental conflict, showing how language can be seen to shape our view of what environmental politics is really about and how those perceptions can differ between countries. The author identifies the emergence and increasing political importance of ''ecological modernization'' as a new concept in the language of environmental politics. This concept, which has come to replace the antagonistic debates of the 1970s, stresses the opportunities of environmental policy for modernizing the economy and stimulating the technological innovation. Combining abstract social theory with detailed empirical analysis, Martin Hajer illustrates the social and political dynamics of ecological modernization in a detailed analysis of the acid rain controversies in Great Britain and the Netherlands. He concludes by reflecting on the institutional challenge of the environmental politics in the years to come.Trade Reviewthis is an important book which will interest many political scientists apart from those focusing on the environment ... There are excellent summary tables and a model of an index. For environment specialists, there are fresh insights on issues such as risk; the role of scientists and scientific data; and the emergence - with its institutional repercussions - of ecological modernization as the dominent way of conceptualizing environmental problems. The way he draws from German and Dutch primary and secondary sources is especially valuable. * Stephen C. Young, University of Manchester, Political Studies *This superb book is one of the few successful attempts to apply contemporary sociological thinking to a detailed empirical case-study in the environmental sphere in a way which is genuinely enlightening for policy makers as well as for academic scoial science disciplines ... an excellent book * Simon Shackley, Global Environmental Change, vol.7 no.2 1997 *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. The New Environmental Conflict ; 2. Discourse Analysis ; 3. The Historical Roots of Ecological Modernization ; 4. Accumulating Knowledge, Accumulating Pollution? Ecological Modernization in the United Kingdom ; 5. The Micro-Powers of Apocalypse: Ecological Modernization in the Netherlands ; 6. Ecological Modernization: Discourse and Institutional Change

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA that can be extracted from environmental samples (such as soil, water, feces, or air) without the prior isolation of any target organism. The analysis of environmental DNA has the potential of providing high-throughput information on taxa and functional genes in a given environment, and is easily amenable to the study of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It can provide an understanding of past or present biological communities as well as their trophic relationships, and can thus offer useful insights into ecosystem functioning. There is now a rapidly-growing interest amongst biologists in applying analysis of environmental DNA to their own research. However, good practices and protocols dealing with environmental DNA are currently widely dispersed across numerous papers, with many of them presenting only preliminary results and using a diversity of methods. In this context, the principal objective of this practical handbook is to provide biTrade ReviewThis volume fills a much-needed gap, offering a gentle introduction into the field of environmental DNA, which will be especially useful for readers of minor to intermediate experience with environmental DNA. * Vasco Elbrecht, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, The Quarterly Review of Biology *An excellent instructional book or supplementary reading for any eDNA based classes...It is a timely and important addition to the field of molecular ecology, and will undoubtedly remain the go-to book on metabarcoding for several years. * Dr Anthony A. Charlton, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, Molecular Ecology *This book is a timely overview of eDNA as a complimentary and non-invasive approach for investigating and monitoring biodiversity. The book is an ideal introduction to all ecologists looking to eDNA, but also speaks to the more experienced researchers in molecular ecology. Lastly, it provides textbook material for university courses around the world. * Philip Francis Thomsen, Trends in Ecology & Evolution Journal *If you are contemplating moving into this topic, or just want to understand it better, do try and get your hands on a copy - something that might not be that easy just now as I understand the book has proved to be so popular that it is already having to be reprinted. * IMA FUNGUS *In a world faced with accelerating environmental change and loss of biodiversity, this book is a timely overview of eDNA as a complementary and noninvasive approach for investigating and monitoring biodiversity ... an ideal introduction to all ecologists looking to eDNA as a method of choice, but also speaks to the more experienced researchers in molecular ecology. Lastly, it provides textbook material for university courses around the world, where eDNA is continuously increasing in popularity. * Philip Francis Thomsen, Department of Bioscience, University of Aarhus, Trends in Ecology and Evolution *Table of Contents1: Introduction to environmental DNA (eDNA) 2: DNA metabarcode choice and design 3: Reference databases 4: Sampling 5: DNA extraction 6: DNA amplification and multiplexing 7: DNA sequencing 8: DNA metabarcoding data analysis 9: Single-species detection 10: Environmental DNA for functional diversity 11: Some early landmark studies 12: Freshwater ecosystems 13: Marine environments 14: Terrestrial ecosystems 15: Palaeoenvironments 16: Host-associated microbiota 17: Diet analysis 18: Analysis of bulk samples 19: The future of eDNA metabarcoding

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Book SynopsisWidely regarded as the most captivating, accessible and comprehensive text for undergraduate marine biology courses, Marine Biology examines the subject from a unique global and evolutionary perspective.

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Book SynopsisBiological diversity is considered one of the most urgent environmental concerns. This book explores the historical roots of biological diversity, tracing the evolution of the term as well as the history of the conservation traditions that contributed to its rapid acceptance and popularity.Trade Review“In examining an idea that is now driving conservation worldwide, Tim Farnham gets the story right in a way that no one else has. His book is richly detailed, yet catches the large themes beautifully.”—Elliott Norse, president, Marine Conservation Biology Institute -- Elliott Norse"This book contributes something unique to the literature of what might be called the history and philosophy of conservation. It treats the term and concept of biodiversity itself as its subject and provides an analytic and historical study of it."—J. Baird Callicott, University of North Texas -- J. Baird Callicott

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The importance of conservation is growing each year, with increasing concerns over the destruction of biodiversity and the rising awareness of ecosystem services generating new debates on the human-nature relationship. This compact overview integrates the process, theory and practice of conservation for a broad readership, from non-specialists to students and practitioners. Taking a global perspective, it uses examples from around the world to illustrate general themes and show how problems arise from the impact of societal trends on ecological communities. A significant practical component will be particularly valuable for environmental professionals, outlining the requirements for rigorous surveys, biodiversity valuation, the assessment of impact and its mitigation. Thoroughly revised and updated, this second edition reflects trends towards embracing multiple disciplines, considering the links between ecology and the social sciences and bringing conservation to the heart of sustainab

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