Astrophysics Books

Book SynopsisThis interesting book provides the physical and mathematical background for a theory describing the universe as a quantum superfluid, and how dark energy and dark matter arise. Presenting a novel theory spanning many different fields in physics, the key concepts in each field are introduced.The reader is only expected to know the rudiments of condensed matter physics, quantum field theory and general relativity to explore this fascinating new model of dark matter and dark energy as facets of a cosmic superfluid.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains the Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, held at Indiana University in Bloomington on June 20-24, 2016. The meeting focused on tests of these fundamental symmetries and on related theoretical issues, including scenarios for possible violations.Topics covered at the meeting include experimental and observational searches for CPT and Lorentz violation involving: accelerator and collider experiments; astrophysical birefringence, dispersion, and anisotropy; atomic and molecular spectroscopy; clock-comparison measurements; CMB polarization; decays of atoms, nuclei, and particles; equivalence-principle tests with matter and antimatter; exotic atoms, muonium, positronium; gauge and Higgs particles; gravimetry; gravitational waves; high-energy astrophysical observations; hydrogen and antihydrogen; matter interferometry; neutrino oscillations and propagation, neutrino-antineutrino mixing; oscillations and decays of K, B, D mesons; particle-antiparticle comparisons; post-Newtonian gravity in the solar system and beyond; resonant cavities lasers; second and third-generation particles; sidereal and annual time variations, compass asymmetries; space-based missions; spin-polarized matter; spin precession; tests of short-range gravity; and time-of-flight measurements. Theoretical and phenomenological discussions include: physical effects at the level of the Standard Model, General Relativity, and beyond; origins and mechanisms for violations; classical and quantum field theory, gravitation, particle physics, and strings; mathematical foundations; and Finsler geometry.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an attempt to demystify the activities of a celestial object such as the Sun appealing to basic physics already available to high school students. Building on simple logic, the contents begin with measurements of the gross properties of the Sun like size (volume) and mass from which the average density of solar material is shown to be almost equal to water's density. Then the temperature is obtained using the colour of sunlight, and the gravitational force is discussed to indicate how the solar material is compressed at the centre of the Sun leading to heating which further causes nuclear reactions. The roles of all the forces of nature, viz. strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitation are shown in the construction of the Sun. The generation of magnetic fields by solar rotation and the eruptions of solar atmospheric material are also included.To further demystify the methods of obtaining all such facts about the Sun, a chapter is solely devoted to the different kinds of solar telescopes operating at different wavelengths and also at different locations ranging from outer space to deep underground, where solar neutrino flux is measured. The entire discussion is interspersed with historical encounters between giants of science to show the human face of scientific research.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains a systematic and pedagogical exposition of recent developments in particle physics and cosmology. It starts with two introductory chapters on group theory and the Dirac theory. Then it proceeds with the formulation of the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics, particle content and symmetries, fully exploiting the material of the first two chapters. It discusses the concept of gauge symmetries and emphasizes their role in particle physics. It then analyses the Higgs mechanism and the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). It explains how the particles (gauge bosons and fermions) after the SSB acquire a mass and get admixed. The various forms of charged currents are discussed in detail as well as how the parameters of the SM, which cannot be determined by the theory, are fixed by experiment, including the recent LHC data and the Higgs discovery. Quantum chromodynamics is discussed and various low energy approximations to it are presented. The Feynman diagrams are introduced and applied, at the level of first year graduate students. Examples are the evaluation of the decay widths of the gauge bosons and some cross sections for interesting processes such as Rutherford scattering, electron-proton scattering (elementary proton or described by a form factor, and inelastic scattering) and Compton scattering. After that the classic topics like the role of C, P, CP symmetries and the experimental methods needed to verify their conservation or violation are discussed in some detail. Topics beyond the standard model, like supersymmetry for pedestrians and grand unification, are discussed. To this end neutrino oscillations, dark matter and baryon asymmetry are also briefly discussed at the first year graduate level. Finally, the book contains an exhibition of recent developments in cosmology, especially from the elementary particle point of view.Table of ContentsMathematical Prerequisite A: Elements of Group Theory; Mathematical Prerequisite B: The Dirac theory; The Standard Model; Particle Content and Symmetry; The Higgs Mechanism; The Fermion Masses and Currents; The SM SU(3) Group; Rates and Cross Sections in Electroweak Theory; Supersymmetry for Pedestrians; Grand Unification; Introduction to Cosmology; Beyond the SM–Neutrino Oscillations; Discrete Symmetries: C, P, T and All That; Appendix: Some Elementary Aspects of Particle Physics;

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Book SynopsisThe aim and scope of the conference and book were to bring world leaders in the areas of fission, structure of neutron-rich nuclei, superheavy elements, astrophysics and new facilities for these research areas to present the latest developments in both theory and experiment to serve as benchmarks for future research.World leaders describe the latest research including development of new facilities under construction to point out the latest and future direction in research. These proceedings are published following the conferences every four to five years since 1997.

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Book SynopsisThis is a revisit of a radical theory of cometary panspermia and cosmic life that was first proposed by Chandra Wickramasinghe and the late Sir Fred Hoyle in 1982. In its earliest form the theory of cosmic life started off as a speculation in 1974 after the first discovery of complex organic molecules and polymeric dust in interstellar space. The speculation soon developed into a serious scientific theory, predictions of which were available to be verified or falsified. Over four decades there have been a multitude of tests and predictions of the theory being positive in vindicating the proposition of life as a cosmic rather than a purely terrestrial phenomenon. A paradigm shift of enormous magnitude and significance is to be expected.The ideas and theories described in this book would have a far-reaching influence affecting the future development of diverse branches of science.

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Book Synopsis'Our developing appreciation of the Universe is a triumph of the intelligence, ingenuity and sheer hard work of the many scientists involved in this story. This book gives a clear picture of how this fascinating story has evolved over the last 500 years albeit which many scientifically literature readers will enjoy.'Contemporary PhysicsThis book traces out the unfolding history of important discoveries in astronomy and astrophysics, and anchors our present understanding of the Universe within the findings and personalities of accomplished astronomers. They have used telescopes and instruments to extend our vision to places that cannot be seen with the unaided eye, discovered a host of unanticipated objects, found out how various parts of the night sky are related, and discovered that the Universe is larger, more complex, and older than has been previously thought. This comprehensive historical approach to the present state of astronomy is a unique aspect of the book.

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Book SynopsisEffective field theories have been widely used in nuclear physics. This volume is devoted to exploring the intricate structure of compact-star matter inaccessible directly from QCD. It is principally anchored on hidden symmetries and topology presumed to be encoded in QCD. It differs from standard effective field theory and energy density functional approaches in that it exploits renormalization-group flow in the complex 'vacuum' sliding with density inferred from topology change identified as a manifestation of baryon-quark continuity in dense matter. It makes a variety of predictions that drastically differ from the conventional treatments that could be tested by upcoming terrestrial and astrophysical experiments.This monograph recounts how to go, in one unique field theoretic formalism in terms of hadronic degrees of freedom, from finite nuclei to dense compact-star matter that could be explored in RIB-type machines in nuclear physics as well as in LIGO-type gravity waves in astrophysics.

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Book SynopsisVery-high-energy astrophysics studies the most energetic photons in the sky, allowing the exploration of violent and extreme non-thermal phenomena in the Universe. Significant advances in knowledge have been made in this field using ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) as detectors, to study these physical processes in the Universe. This book reviews the progress in the field since the advent of the second generation IACTs around 2004. Going through the scientific highlights obtained by the three current instruments of this kind, H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS, operating now for more than 15 years, this book presents a state-of-the-art knowledge in four areas of modern astrophysics and cosmology, namely the origin of the cosmic rays, the physics of compact objects and their resulting relativistic outflows, gamma-ray cosmology, and the search for dark matter. Along with a detailed review of the outstanding scientific outcomes, a summary of the key technological developments that yielded the recognized success of the technique is also provided.This book is written for early-career academics in the fields of astrophysics, high energy physics and cosmology. At the same time, it can serve as a source of reference for the expert in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains a systematic and pedagogical exposition of recent developments in particle physics and cosmology. It starts with two introductory chapters on group theory and the Dirac theory. Then it proceeds with the formulation of the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics, particle content and symmetries, fully exploiting the material of the first two chapters. It discusses the concept of gauge symmetries and emphasizes their role in particle physics. It then analyses the Higgs mechanism and the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). It explains how the particles (gauge bosons and fermions) after the SSB acquire a mass and get admixed. The various forms of the charged currents are discussed in detail as well as how the parameters of the SM, which cannot be determined by the theory, are fixed by experiment, including the recent LHC data and the Higgs discovery. Quantum chromodynamics is discussed and various low energy approximations to it are presented. The Feynman diagrams are introduced and applied, at the level of first year graduate students.Examples are the evaluation of the decay widths of the gauge bosons and some cross sections for interesting processes such as Rutherford scattering, electron-proton scattering (elementary proton or described by a form factor, and inelastic scattering) and Compton scattering.After that the classic topics like the role of C, P, CP symmetries and the experimental methods needed to verify their conservation or violation are discussed in some detail. Topics beyond the standard model, like supersymmetry for pedestrians and grand unification, are discussed.To this end neutrino oscillations, dark matter and baryon asymmetry are also briefly discussed at the first year graduate level. Finally, the book contains an exhibition of recent developments in cosmology, especially from the elementary particle point of view.

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Book Synopsis'This book is recommended to those interested in knowing how TeV astronomy began, evolved, and remains a growth area.The author has captured the difficulties of being a pioneer, amply demonstrating the need to keep the faith and work the problem until you succeed. Cherenkov telescopes are now in operation around the world, and at the dawn of the CTA era TeV astronomy has a lot of evolving still to do.'The ObservatoryThis book documents how TeV gamma-ray astronomy painstakingly emerged from 20th century traditional cosmic-ray physics to become a keystone feature of contemporary high-energy astrophysics, fundamental to our understanding of high-energy cosmic processes and interactions. Contemporary TeV observations are based on the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique and in excess of two hundred individual galactic and extra-galactic gamma-ray sources have now been discovered and studied in detail.The book tells the story from the perspective of the Whipple Observatory collaboration, pioneers of the imaging technique. At the same time, parallel developments by the broader community are constantly referenced, discussed and evaluated, mainly in the TeV energy regime but also where relevant at PeV energies. The narrative traces the contributions of many important participants active in the field since the mid-1950s and critically evaluates and provides commentary on the progress of research until the first sources were established beyond doubt, during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The final chapter presents a short summary of the contemporary status of TeV gamma-ray astronomy.Written predominantly from a historical perspective, the author guides readers through many decades of instrumental development and evolution, using only minimal mathematical background. This book will appeal to astrophysicists, particle physicists, traditional optical and radio astronomers, as well as others working across a variety of related cognate disciplines. It should be of interest and value to graduate students involved with contemporary fourth-generation TeV research programs such as CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array).

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Book SynopsisSpace-based laboratory research in fundamental physics is an emerging research discipline that offers great discovery potential and at the same time could drive the development of technological advances which are likely to be important to scientists and technologists in many other different research fields. The articles in this review volume have been contributed by participants of the international workshop “From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics Research in Space” held at the Airlie Center in Warrenton, Virginia, USA, on May 21-24, 2006. This unique volume discusses the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics that are anticipated in the near future, and evaluates the discovery potential of a number of recently proposed space-based gravitational experiments. Specific research areas covered include various tests of general relativity and alternative theories, search of physics beyond the Standard Model, investigations of possible violations of the equivalence principle, search for new hypothetical long- and short-range forces, variations of fundamental constants, tests of Lorentz invariance and attempts at unification of the fundamental interactions. The book also encompasses experiments aimed at the discovery of novel phenomena, including dark matter candidates, and studies of dark energy.Table of ContentsPolicy: Space-based Research in Fundamental Physics and Quantum Technologies (S G Turyshev et al.); Space-based Science and the American Competitiveness Initiative (J H Marburger III); Laboratory Experiments for Fundamental Physics in Space (W D Phillips); Gravitational Theory: Observable Consequences of Strong Coupling in Theories with Large Distance Modified Gravity (G Dvali); Theory and Phenomenology of DGP Gravity (C Deffayet); Testing Strong MOND Behavior in the Solar System (J Magueijo & J Bekenstein); Gravitational Experiment: Apollo: A New Push in Lunar Laser Ranging (T W Murphy Jr et al.); Asynchronous Laser Transponders: A New Tool for Improved Fundamental Physics Experiments (J J Degnan); A Laboratory Test of the Equivalence Principle as Prolog to a Spaceborne Experiment (R D Reasenberg & J D Phillips); Physics Beyond the Standard Model: Detecting Sterile Dark Matter in Space (A Kusenko); Electron Electric Dipole Moment Experiment with Slow Atoms (H Gould); Testing Relativity at High Energies Using Spaceborne Detectors (F W Stecker); Atoms and Clocks: New Forms of Quantum Matter Near Absolute Zero Temperature (W Ketterle); Atomic Quantum Sensors in Space (T van Zoest et al.); Precision Measurement Based on Ultracold Atoms and Cold Molecules (J Ye et al.); Cosmology and Dark Energy: Dark Energy Task Force: Findings and Recommendations (R N Cahn); CMB Polarization: The Next Decade (B Winstein); Natural Inflation: Status After WMAP Three-Year Data (K Freese et al.); and other papers.

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Book SynopsisThis book serves as a good introduction to the physics of pulsars by explaining the subject matter in simple terms which are understandable to both undergraduate physics students and also the general public. On the Pulsar links together ideas about physics, informatics and biology, and contains many original examples, problems and solutions. It starts with simple examples about the regular structures that are possible in strong magnetic fields and the author then suggests that special conditions on the pulsar can result in some forms of self-organization. It will also make a valuable teaching guide.Table of ContentsUnexpected Encounter; What is a Pulsar?; Mischievous Ball; Misha and Sasha; Playing Billiards; Stubborn Fountains; In the Country of Anisotropic Masses; Matter in a Superstrong Magnetic Field; Neutron Star; Physics of the Pulsar; Non-linearity and Self-organization; On the Pulsar.

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Book SynopsisDark matter and dark energy are one of the central mysteries in modern physics, although modern astrophysical and cosmological observations and particle physics experiments can and will provide vital clues in uncovering its true nature. The DARK 2009 Conference brought together World's leading researchers in both astrophysics and particle physics, providing an opportunity and platform to present their latest results to the community. The topics covered are wide-ranging, from terrestrial underground experiments to space experimental efforts to search for dark matter, and on the theoretical aspects, from the generating of a fifth family as origin of dark matter, extra dimensions and dark matter to non-standard Wigner classes and dark matter. One of the new highlights was certainly a possible connection between a neutrino mass as observed by nuclear double beta decay and the dark energy. Highly important and relevant in its field, the book presents a vital snapshot of the sometimes seemingly disparate areas of dark matter research and offers an exciting overview of current ideas and future directions.Table of ContentsDirect Search for Cold Dark Matter I; SUSY/SUGRA Phenomenology in Dark Matter, LHC Perspectives, Extra Dimensions and Dark Matter/Dark Energy; Hot Dark Matter, Neutrino Mass and Dark Energy; Cosmic Ray Positron Excess; X-Rays and Dark Matter, GeV Gamma Rays; Dark Energy, Dark Matter and Dark Radiation; Dark Mass at the Center of the Galaxy; Dark and Baryonic Matter in Galaxies; Fifth Family, Dark Energy Perturbations and Dark Matter; Gravitation, Dark Energy, Dark Matter; Dark Matter and Non-Standard Wigner Classes; Indirect Search for Dark Matter; Direct Search for Cold Dark Matter II; Exotics;

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Book SynopsisWhat is the origin of the universe? Are we alone in the Universe? Using clear and plain language, the author explores these two interesting scientific-philosophical themes with a broad range of studies, including astronomy, cosmology, chemistry, biology, geology and planet science.The first part discusses the origins of everything, from the Big Bang to humankind. It follows the long course of evolution — from original matter to the formation of more complex structures, from the furthest galaxies to the nearest stars, from planets to organic molecules, from the first and most elementary forms of life through to the reptiles, the dinosaurs and the advent of man.The second part traces the history of the Earth and evaluates the risks of extinction in the future as predicted by scientists. Is the Earth the only habitable planet in the Universe? This question initiates the discussion on the importance of the Earth's position in the solar system and the significance of our geologically alive planet.The final part is dedicated to the search for extraterrestrial beings with identifiable life forms. It also describes attempts for searching, from the past to the near future.This remarkable book provides the best answers we have to the epic questions about us and our place in the universe.Table of ContentsOur Origins; The Origin of Everything; The Origin of Stars and Planets; The Origin of the Elements; The Origin of Life; The History of the Earth; Extinctions; A Habitable Planet; The Importance of Continental Drift; Is The Earth a Rare Planet?; The Search for Another Gaia; The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence; Measurements;

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Book SynopsisWhat is the origin of the universe? Are we alone in the Universe? Using clear and plain language, the author explores these two interesting scientific-philosophical themes with a broad range of studies, including astronomy, cosmology, chemistry, biology, geology and planet science.The first part discusses the origins of everything, from the Big Bang to humankind. It follows the long course of evolution — from original matter to the formation of more complex structures, from the furthest galaxies to the nearest stars, from planets to organic molecules, from the first and most elementary forms of life through to the reptiles, the dinosaurs and the advent of man.The second part traces the history of the Earth and evaluates the risks of extinction in the future as predicted by scientists. Is the Earth the only habitable planet in the Universe? This question initiates the discussion on the importance of the Earth's position in the solar system and the significance of our geologically alive planet.The final part is dedicated to the search for extraterrestrial beings with identifiable life forms. It also describes attempts for searching, from the past to the near future.This remarkable book provides the best answers we have to the epic questions about us and our place in the universe.Table of ContentsOur Origins; The Origin of Everything; The Origin of Stars and Planets; The Origin of the Elements; The Origin of Life; The History of the Earth; Extinctions; A Habitable Planet; The Importance of Continental Drift; Is The Earth a Rare Planet?; The Search for Another Gaia; The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence; Measurements;

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Book SynopsisS Chandrasekhar, popularly known as Chandra, was one of the foremost scientists of the 20th century. The year 2010 marks the birth centenary of Chandra. His unique style of research, inward bound, seeking a personal perspective to master a particular field, and then pass on to another was so unique that it will draw considerable interest and attention among scholars.As Chandra elucidates in the preface, “The various installments describe in detail the evolution of my scientific work during the past forty years and records each investigation, describing the doubts and the successes, the trials and the tribulations. And the parts my various associates and assistants played in the completion of the different investigations are detailed”. It is indeed a remarkable and rare document, fascinating to read and experience the joys, frustrations and struggles of a creative mind.Table of Contents1943-48: A Happy Period: A History of My Papers on Radiative EquilibriumA"; 1948-60: A Period of Frustration and a Period of Grinding; 1961-69: Years of Adventure. Years of Obligation; 1970-1974: A Fallow Period. A Period of Indecision, Learning Relativity; 1975-85: Years of Effort. The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes Colliding Waves; 1985-90: The Non-Radial Oscillations of Stars in General Relativity; 1990-1995: Newton's Principia; Correspondence Between Chandra and His Father C S Ayyar, His Brother S Balakrishna and Some Other Family Members Close to Chandra; Chandra and David Shoenberg, E A Milne, A S Eddington, Leon Rosenfeld; Chandra and H N Russell, Andre Weil, George Gamow, Harlow Shaplay, John von Neuman;

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Book SynopsisS Chandrasekhar, popularly known as Chandra, was one of the foremost scientists of the 20th century. The year 2010 marks the birth centenary of Chandra. His unique style of research, inward bound, seeking a personal perspective to master a particular field, and then pass on to another was so unique that it will draw considerable interest and attention among scholars.As Chandra elucidates in the preface, “The various installments describe in detail the evolution of my scientific work during the past forty years and records each investigation, describing the doubts and the successes, the trials and the tribulations. And the parts my various associates and assistants played in the completion of the different investigations are detailed”. It is indeed a remarkable and rare document, fascinating to read and experience the joys, frustrations and struggles of a creative mind.Table of Contents1943-48: A Happy Period: A History of My Papers on Radiative EquilibriumA"; 1948-60: A Period of Frustration and a Period of Grinding; 1961-69: Years of Adventure. Years of Obligation; 1970-1974: A Fallow Period. A Period of Indecision, Learning Relativity; 1975-85: Years of Effort. The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes Colliding Waves; 1985-90: The Non-Radial Oscillations of Stars in General Relativity; 1990-1995: Newton's Principia; Correspondence Between Chandra and His Father C S Ayyar, His Brother S Balakrishna and Some Other Family Members Close to Chandra; Chandra and David Shoenberg, E A Milne, A S Eddington, Leon Rosenfeld; Chandra and H N Russell, Andre Weil, George Gamow, Harlow Shaplay, John von Neuman;

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Book SynopsisDark Matter, Neutrinos, and Our Solar System is a unique enterprise that should be viewed as an important contribution to our understanding of dark matter, neutrinos and the solar system. It describes these issues in terms of links, between cosmology, particle and nuclear physics, as well as between cosmology, atmospheric and terrestrial physics. It studies the constituents of dark matter (classified as hot warm and cold) first in terms of their individual structures (baryonic and non-baryonic, massive and non-massive, interacting and non-interacting) and second, in terms of facilities available to detect these structures (large and small). Neutrinos (an important component of dark matter) are treated as a separate entity. A detailed study of these elusive (sub-atomic) particles is done, from the year 1913 when they were found as byproducts of beta decay — until the discovery in 2007 which confirmed that neutrino flavors were not more than three (as speculated by some).The last chapter of the book details the real-time stories about the “regions” that were not explored thus far, for lack of advanced technology. Their untold fascinating stories (which span up to 2010) are illustrated here datewise in full.The book concludes with the latest news that the Large Hadron Collider team at CERN has finally succeeded in producing 7 trillion electronic Volts of energy by creating head-on-collisions of protons and more protons (in search of God-particle). The energy produced was three times more than previous records.Table of ContentsThe Advent of Dark Matter: Galaxies, Clusters, Planet Formation, and Comet Collision; Stars of Poor Visibility and the Methods to Track Them; Models in Cosmology, the Luminosity of a Star, White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars; Black Holes: The Stars with no Shine; Particles We Encounter (A Historical Overview); Dark Matter and Dark Energy (A Peep into the Deep): Some Questions and Answers; Neutrino - The Puzzle and the Power; Detection of Lightest Supersymmetric Particles (LSPs) in Dark Matter, and the Search for WIMPs; The Years 2004 - 2010: A Boom for Planetary Scientists.

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Book SynopsisThis new book is a thorough but short review of the history and present status of ideas in cosmology. It is aimed at a broad audience, but will contain a few equations where needed to make the argument exact. The coverage of cosmological ideas will focus mainly on the period from the early 1900s when Einstein formulated relativity and when his colleague Sir Arthur Eddington was creating relativistic models of the universe. It ends with the completion of the Large Hadron Collider in late 2008, having surveyed modern ideas of particle physics and astrophysics. To organize the large body of information involved, the book uses the life of Eddington and the weaving together of ideas in cosmology as themes. This should provide a clear and entertaining account presented in a historical context that leads up to the present day.Table of ContentsWeaving the Warp; Puzzles of Physics; The Meaning of Dimensions; Time as an Illusion; The Nature of Matter; Science and Religion: Immiscible?; Weaving the Weft.

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Book SynopsisThe conference was aimed at promoting contacts between scientists involved in solar-terrestrial physics, space physics, astroparticle physics and cosmology both from the theoretical and the experimental approach. The conference was devoted to physics and physics requirements, survey of theoretical models and performances of detectors employed (or to be employed) in experiments for fundamental physics, astroparticle physics, astrophysics research and space environment — including Earth magnetosphere and heliosphere and solar-terrestrial physics. Furthermore, cosmic rays have been used to extend the scientific research experience to teachers and students with air shower arrays and other techniques. Presentations included the following subjects: advances in physics from present and next generation ground and space experiments, dark matter, double beta decay, high-energy astrophysics, space environment, trapped particles, propagation of cosmic rays in the Earth atmosphere, Heliosphere, Galaxy and broader impact activities in cosmic rays science.The open and flexible format of the Conference was conducive to fruitful exchanges of points of view among participants and permitted the evaluation of the progresses made and indicated future research directions. The participants were experienced researchers but also graduate students (MSc and PhD) and recent postdoctoral fellows.Table of ContentsObservations and Results Obtained in Cosmic Ray Physics in the Energy Range from Sub-GeV to TeV and Beyond; Space-Based and Terrestrial Astroparticle Experiments; Searches for Dark Matter and Bouble-Beta Decay; Production of Ordinary and/or Exotic Matter; Propagation of Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy and within the Solar System, Processes Inducing Trapped Particles Inside the Earth Magnetosphere and Their Effects, Space Environment, Solar-Terrestrial Physics.

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Book SynopsisIn one way or another, Gerry Brown has been concerned with questions about the universe, about its vast expanse as well as about its most miniscule fundamental constituents of matter throughout his entire life. In his endeavours to understand the universe in many manifestations from nuclei all the way to the stars, he has been influenced by some of the most prominent physicists of the 20th century, and he himself, in turn, has influenced a great many scholars. This volume, a collection of articles dedicated to Gerry on his 85th birthday, contains discussions of many of the issues which have attracted his interest over the years. The contributions are written by his former students, co-authors, colleagues and admirers and they are strongly influenced by Gerry's own scientific tastes. With this compilation we want to express our respect, admiration and gratitude; we want to celebrate Gerry's scientific and scholarly achievements, the inspirational quality of his teaching and the enthusiasm which he himself displayed in his research and which stimulated so many of his students and colleagues over the decades.Table of ContentsConfiguration Interactions from NN Potentials with Many-Body Components Constrained by Energy-Density Functional Methods; Nuclear Effective Interactions: From Brueckner Reaction Matrix to Low-Momentum Vk Interactions with Brown-Rho Scaling; Determining the Equation of State of Dense Matter from Observations of Neutron Stars; Chiral Symmetry and the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction; Hidden Local Symmetry in Nuclear Physics; Beyond Migdal: The Stony-Brook Juelich Approach; Gamma-Ray Bursts; The Nucleon from Holography; From Brown-Rho Scaling to Nuclear Chiral Dynamics: The Carbon-14 Case.

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Book SynopsisAssuming foundational knowledge of special and general relativity, this book guides the reader on issues surrounding black holes, wormholes, cosmology, and extra dimensions. Its first part is devoted to local strong field configurations (black holes and wormholes) in general relativity and the most relevant of alternative theories: scalar-tensor, f(R) and multidimensional theories. The second part is on cosmology, including inflation and a unified description of the whole evolution of the universe. The third part concerns multidimensional theories of gravity and contains a number of original results obtained by the authors. Expository work is conducted for a mechanism of symmetries and fundamental constants formation, while the original approach to nonlinear multidimensional gravity that is able to construct a unique perspective describing different phenomena is highlighted.Much of the content is new in book publications, because it was previously found only in journal publications, e.g. regarding regular black holes, various scalar field solutions, wormholes and their stability, and multidimensional gravity.Table of ContentsModern Views of Gravitation and Cosmology. A Brief Essay; Fundamentals of General Relativity; Spherically Symmetric Space-Times. Black Holes; Black Holes Under More General Conditions; Wormholes; Stability of Spherically Symmetric Configurations; Cosmological Epochs; Inflationary Models; Baryonic Asymmetry of the Universe; The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe; Models of Multidimensional Gravity; Fine-tuning of the Universe Parameters; A Dialog of Adherers of Multiple Universes and a Unified Theory.

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Book SynopsisThe Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI) was founded at Nagoya University in 2010 under the directorship of T Maskawa, in celebration of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics for M Kobayashi and T Maskawa, both who are alumni of Nagoya University. In commemoration of the new KMI building in 2011, the KMI Inauguration Conference (KMIIN) was organized to discuss perspectives of various fields — both theoretical and experimental studies of particle physics and astrophysics — as the main objectives of the KMI activity.This proceedings contains a welcome address by T Maskawa conveying his hopes for KMI to create new revolutionary directions in the spirit of Shoichi Sakata, a great mentor of both Maskawa and Kobayashi. Invited speakers, world-leading scientists in the fields, and the young scientists at KMI contributed to this volume containing theoretical studies of strongly coupled gauge theories in view of LHC phenomenology, string theory approach and lattice studies as well as hot/dense QCD system, and also super-symmetric GUT models, etc., together with experimental studies of LHC physics, B physics, neutrino physics and the related astrophysics and cosmology. The volume yields a unique synergy of particle physics and astrophysics, closely related to the main activity of KMI encompassing particle theory (including lattice computer simulations), particle physics experiments, cosmology, and astrophysics observations.Table of ContentsRelativistic Signatures of Accreting Black Holes (A C Fabian); X-Ray Observations of Dark Particle Accelerators (H Matsumoto); Standard Model CP and Baryon Number Violation in Cold Electroweak Cosmology (E Shuryak); The QCD Phase Diagram in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions (C Nonaka); Problems with the MSSM: Mu and Proton Decay (S Raby); Origin of Kobayashi - Maskawa Theory in E6 GUT with Family Symmetry (N Maekawa); Results and Prospects of the T2K Neutrino Experiment (T Nakaya); Equation of State for Dark Energy in Modified Gravity Theories (K Bamba); Cosmology with the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe (T Matsubara); Quarks and the Cosmos (M S Turner); Top Quark and Higgs Boson Physics at LHC-ATLAS (M Tomoto); LHCf, Connecting Collider with Astroparticle Physics (T Sako for the LHCf Collaboration); Quantum Hall Effect: What can be Learned from Curved Space (C Hoyos and D T Son); QCD and Gauge/String Duality (T Sakai); Belle II and SuperKEKB (P KriA an); The KMI Lattice Project - Exploring for Technicolor from QCD (Y Aoki, T Aoyama, M Kurachi, T Maskawa, K-i Nagai, H Ohki, A Shibata, K Yamawaki and T Yamazaki); Direct WIMP Dark Matter Searches and XMASS Experiment (Y Suzuki); LHC Now and its Future Prospect (K Tokushuku); Particle Physics and Astrophysics by Cosmic Gamma-Ray Observations (H Tajima); Technicolor in the LHC Era (R S Chivukula, P Ittisamai, J Ren and E H Simmons); Topcolor in the LHC Era (E H Simmons, R S Chivukula, B Coleppa, H E Logan and A Martin); and other papers.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is a collection of the contributions to the 14th National Conference on Nuclear Structure in China (NSC2012). It provides an important updated resource in the nuclear physics literature for researchers and graduate students studying nuclear structure and related topics. Recent progress made in the study of nuclear spectroscopy of high-spin states, nuclear mass and half-life, nuclear astrophysics, super-heavy nuclei, unstable nuclei, density functional theory, neutron star and symmetry energy, nuclear matter, and nuclear shell model are covered.Table of ContentsTensor Effects on the Spin-Dependent Charge-Exchange Transitions (Chun-Lin Bai et al.); Recent Progress on the Determination of the Symmetry Energy (Lie-Wen Chen); Masses and Magnetic Moments of Ground-State Baryons in Covariant Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory (Li-Sheng Geng et al.); Symmetry Energy, Superheavy Nuclei and Hyperonization of Asymmetric Matter (Wei-Zhou Jiang); Fine Structure of Spin-Dipole Excitations: A Recent Application of Covariant Density Functional Theory (Hao-Zhao Liang et al.); Octet-Baryon Masses in Finite Space (Xiu-Lei Ren et al.); Fusion Mechanism and Production Cross Sections for Superheavy Nuclei (Nan Wang et al.); Constraints on Neutron Density and Temperature Conditions for Astrophysical R-Process from Updated Nuclear Masses (Xiao-Dong Xu et al.); Ground State Properties of Ds Isotopes within the Relativistic Mean Field Theory (Hai-Fei Zhang and Hong-Fei Zhang); Effect of Hyperons and Kaons on Nuclear Structure (Xian-Rong Zhou and H-J Schulze); and other papers.

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Book SynopsisDifferential Manifold is the framework of particle physics and astrophysics nowadays. It is important for all research physicists to be well accustomed to it and even experimental physicists should be able to manipulate equations and expressions in that framework.This book gives a comprehensive description of the basics of differential manifold with a full proof of any element. A large part of the book is devoted to the basic mathematical concepts in which all necessary for the development of the differential manifold is expounded and fully proved.This book is self-consistent: it starts from first principles. The mathematical framework is the set theory with its axioms and its formal logic. No special knowledge is needed.Table of ContentsManifold: Differentiable Manifold; Smooth Maps; Vector Fields on a Differentiable Manifold; Conventions; Tangent Spaces and Tangent Vectors; Coordinate Changes; Metric on a Differentiable Manifold; One-Form Field and Differential; Tensorial Field; Wedge Product of 1-Linear Forms (versus Vector Fields); Exterior Differential; Volume and Integral in Differential Manifold, Stokes Kelvin - Thomson Theorem; Lie Bracket; Bundles and Differentiable Manifold; Parallel Transport; Curvature; Lagrangian of the Electro-Weak Interactions (Left Handed); General Relativity; Notations; Some Basic Mathematics Needed for Manifolds: General Concepts; Real Numbers, Set ℛ; Euclidean Metric; Metric and Topology on ℛ; Behavior at a Point; Some Properties of Continuous Maps from ℛ to ℛ; Continuous Maps from Topological Sets to ℛ; Derivable Function; Group; Module Over a Commutative Ring; Vector Spaces; Complex Numbers; ℛn; Convex Subset; Topology on ℛn; Continuous Map on ℛn to ℛp; Sequence; Sequence in ℛ∞; Sequence of Maps; Partial Derivative; Topology on Convex Subsets; Path Connected Sets; Riemann Integral of Maps with Compact Support; Volume in ℛn; Integral of a Continuous Map; Differential Equations; Lebesgue Integral; Taylor Expansion of Functions with Derivatives; Exponentials; Polynomials; Useful Smooth Maps Built with Exponentials; Eigenvectors of a Linear Transformation; Conventions, Basic Relations and Symbols: Logical Theory; Specifics Terms; Quantificators; Specifics Relations; Sets; Relations and Operations on Sets; Zermolo Theorem; Cardinals; Integers; Rational Numbers; Conventions.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to teach undergraduate college or university students the basic physics concepts needed to understand the mathematics which describes the evolution of the universe, and based on this to teach the astrophysical theories behind evolution from very early times to the present. The book does not require students to have extensive knowledge of mathematics, like calculus, and includes material that explains concepts such as velocity, acceleration, and force. Based on this, fascinating topics such as Dark Matter, measuring Dark Energy via supernovae velocities, and the creation of mass via the Higgs mechanism are explained. All college students with an interest in science, especially astronomy, without extensive mathematical backgrounds should be able to use and learn from this book. Adults interested in topics like dark energy and the Higgs boson, which are in the news, can make use of this book as well.Table of ContentsPhysics Concepts Needed for Astrophysics; Forces and Particles; Hubble's Law: Expansion of the Universe; Stars, Galaxies, etc.; Neutrino Oscillations, Symmetries, and Pulsar Kicks; Einstein's Special and General Theories of Relativity; Radius and Temperature of the Universe from the General Theory of Relativity; The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation; Cosmological Phase Transitions: How Matter got Mass and Nucleons Were Created; Studies of Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

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Book SynopsisThe concepts of dark matter and the cosmic web are some of the most significant developments in cosmology in the past century. They have decisively changed the classical cosmological paradigm, which was first elaborated upon during the first half of the 20th century but ran into serious problems in the second half. Today, they are integral parts of modern cosmology, which explains everything from the Big Bang to inflation to the large scale structure of the Universe.Dark Matter and Cosmic Web Story describes the contributions that led to a paradigm shift from the Eastern point of view. It describes the problems with the classical view, the attempts to solve them, the difficulties encountered by those solutions, and the conferences where the merits of the new concepts were debated. Amidst the science, the story of scientific work in a small country occupied by the Soviet Union and the tumultuous events that led to its breakup are detailed as well.This book is accompanied by a website which contains additional material: copies of the originals of some crucial papers, astronomical movies, and movies which showcase the private life of the author.Table of ContentsPrologue; Classical Cosmological Paradigm; Galactic Models and Dark Matter in the Solar Vicinity; Global Dark Matter; The Cosmic Web; The Nature of Dark Matter; The Structure of the Cosmic Web; Cosmic Inflation, Dark Energy and the Evolution of the Universe; Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisTom Kibble is an inspirational theoretical physicist who has made profound contributions to our understanding of the physical world. To celebrate his 80th birthday a one-day symposium was held on March 13, 2013 at the Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London. This important volume is a compilation of papers based on the presentations that were given at the symposium.The symposium profiled various aspects of Tom's long scientific career. The tenor of the meeting was set in the first talk given by Neil Turok, director of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, who described Tom as “our guru and example”. He gave a modern overview of cosmological theories, including a discussion of Tom's pioneering work on how topological defects might have formed in the early universe during symmetry-breaking phase transitions. Wojciech Zurek of Los Alamos National Laboratory continued with this theme, surveying analogous processes within the context of condensed matter systems and explaining the Kibble-Zurek scaling phenomenon. The day's events were concluded by Jim Virdee of Imperial College, who summarized the epic and successful quest of finding the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. At the end of the talk, there was a standing ovation for Tom that lasted several minutes.In the evening, Steven Weinberg gave a keynote presentation to a capacity audience of 700 people. He talked eruditely on symmetry breaking and its role in elementary particle physics. At the banquet dinner, Frank Close of Oxford University concluded the banquet speeches by summarizing the significance of Tom's contributions to the creation of the Standard Model.Table of ContentsTom Kibble and the Early Universe as the Ultimate High Energy Experiment (Neil Turok); University of Phase Transition Dynamics: Topological Defects From Symmetry Breaking (Adolfo del Campo and Wojciech Zurek); The Quest for the Higgs Boson at the LHC (TejinDer S Virdee); Tom Kibble: Breaking Ground and Breaking Symmetries (Steven Weinberg); Tom Kibble at 80: After Dinner Speech (Frank Close); Publication List (Tom W B Kibble).

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Book SynopsisTom Kibble is an inspirational theoretical physicist who has made profound contributions to our understanding of the physical world. To celebrate his 80th birthday a one-day symposium was held on March 13, 2013 at the Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London. This important volume is a compilation of papers based on the presentations that were given at the symposium.The symposium profiled various aspects of Tom's long scientific career. The tenor of the meeting was set in the first talk given by Neil Turok, director of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, who described Tom as “our guru and example”. He gave a modern overview of cosmological theories, including a discussion of Tom's pioneering work on how topological defects might have formed in the early universe during symmetry-breaking phase transitions. Wojciech Zurek of Los Alamos National Laboratory continued with this theme, surveying analogous processes within the context of condensed matter systems and explaining the Kibble-Zurek scaling phenomenon. The day's events were concluded by Jim Virdee of Imperial College, who summarized the epic and successful quest of finding the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. At the end of the talk, there was a standing ovation for Tom that lasted several minutes.In the evening, Steven Weinberg gave a keynote presentation to a capacity audience of 700 people. He talked eruditely on symmetry breaking and its role in elementary particle physics. At the banquet dinner, Frank Close of Oxford University concluded the banquet speeches by summarizing the significance of Tom's contributions to the creation of the Standard Model.Table of ContentsTom Kibble and the Early Universe as the Ultimate High Energy Experiment (Neil Turok); University of Phase Transition Dynamics: Topological Defects From Symmetry Breaking (Adolfo del Campo and Wojciech Zurek); The Quest for the Higgs Boson at the LHC (TejinDer S Virdee); Tom Kibble: Breaking Ground and Breaking Symmetries (Steven Weinberg); Tom Kibble at 80: After Dinner Speech (Frank Close); Publication List (Tom W B Kibble).

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Book SynopsisThe Marcel Grossmann Meetings seek to further the development of the foundations and applications of Einstein's general relativity by promoting theoretical understanding in the relevant fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics and to direct future technological, observational, and experimental efforts. The meetings discuss recent developments in classical and quantum aspects of gravity, and in cosmology and relativistic astrophysics, with major emphasis on mathematical foundations and physical predictions, having the main objective of gathering scientists from diverse backgrounds for deepening our understanding of spacetime structure and reviewing the current state of the art in the theory, observations and experiments pertinent to relativistic gravitation. The range of topics is broad, going from the more abstract classical theory, quantum gravity, branes and strings, to more concrete relativistic astrophysics observations and modeling.The three volumes of the proceedings of MG13 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitational physics and astrophysics, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments. The scientific program of the meeting included 33 morning plenary talks during 6 days, and 75 parallel sessions over 4 afternoons. Volume A contains plenary and review talks ranging from the mathematical foundations of classical and quantum gravitational theories including recent developments in string/brane theories, to precision tests of general relativity including progress towards the detection of gravitational waves, and from supernova cosmology to relativistic astrophysics including such topics as gamma ray bursts, black hole physics both in our galaxy and in active galactic nuclei in other galaxies, and neutron star and pulsar astrophysics. Volumes B and C include parallel sessions which touch on dark matter, neutrinos, X-ray sources, astrophysical black holes, neutron stars, binary systems, radiative transfer, accretion disks, quasors, gamma ray bursts, supernovas, alternative gravitational theories, perturbations of collapsed objects, analog models, black hole thermodynamics, numerical relativity, gravitational lensing, large scale structure, observational cosmology, early universe models and cosmic microwave background anisotropies, inhomogeneous cosmology, inflation, global structure, singularities, chaos, Einstein-Maxwell systems, wormholes, exact solutions of Einstein's equations, gravitational waves, gravitational wave detectors and data analysis, precision gravitational measurements, quantum gravity and loop quantum gravity, quantum cosmology, strings and branes, self-gravitating systems, gamma ray astronomy, and cosmic rays and the history of general relativity.Table of ContentsOn the Cosmological Singularity (Vladimir Belinski); GRB Afterglow Discovery with Bepposax: Its Story 15 Years Later (Filippo Frontera); Rotation, Convection, and Core Collapse (David Arnett); Spacetime Singularities: Recent Developments (Claes Uggla); Hidden Symmetries: from BKL to Kac-Moody (Philipp Fleig & Hermann Nicolai); Recent Developments in Mathematical GR (Sergiu Klainerman); Higher Dimensional Black Holes (Harvey S Reall); Causal Dynamical Triangulations and the Search for a Theory of Quantum Gravity (Jan Ambjorn & Andrzej Gorlich); On Quantum Gravity, Asymptotic Safety, and Paramagnetic Dominance (Andreas Nink & Martin Reuter); Perturbative Quantum Gravity as a Double Copy of Gauge Theory and Implications for UV Properties (Bern Zvi); Type IA Supernova Cosmology: Past and Future (Ariel Goobar); The Accelerating Universe: A Nobel Surprise (Robert Kirshner); Strong, Weak, Electromagnetic and Gravitational Interactions in Neutron Stars (Jorge Rueda & Remo Ruffini); Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy Using Ground-Based Interferometers (David H Reitze & David H Shoemaker); Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission (Bing Zhang); Black Holes, Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursts (Remo Ruffini); Precisions Tests of Theories of Gravity Using Pulsars (Michael Kramer); The Planck Mission: Recent Results, Cosmological and Fundamental Physics Perspectives (Nazzareno Mandolesi, Carlo Burigana, Alessandro Gruppuso & Paolo Natoli); Unavoidable CMB Spectral Features and Black Body Photosphere of our Universe (Rashid Sunyaev & Rishi Khatri); Observation of a New Boson at a Mass of 125 GeV with the CMS Experiment at the LHC (Chiara Mariotti); Search for the Standard Model Higgs with the ATLAS Detector (Domizia Orestano); From the Tian Shan to the Tian Kong: Personal Reflections on Fang Lizhi (Remo Ruffini); Marcel Grossmann and His Contribution to the General Theory of Relativity (Tilman Sauer);

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Book SynopsisThis book provides extended versions of the talks given at the memorial Pomeranchuk-100 Conference, June 5-6, held in the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia and the review of the 2013 Pomeranchuk Prize Winner — Mikhail Shifman. It shall provide a broad review of the current status of the research in the high energy physics and astrophysics.Table of ContentsDouglas Approach to Liouville Minimal Gravity (A Belavin and B Mukhametzhanov); Mirror Matter and Other Models for Dark Matter (S Blinnikov); Cosmology: From Pomeranchuk to the Present Day (A Dolgov); Hadron Structure and Elastic Scattering (I Dremin); RG Limit Cycles (K Bulycheva and A Gorsky); Composite Systems in Magnetic Field: From Hadrons to Hydrogen Atom (B Kerbikov); Gravitational Four-Fermion Interaction in the Early Universe (I Khriplovich and A Rudenko); Non-Perturbative Schwinger-Dyson Equations: From BPS/CFT Correspondence to the Novel Symmetries of Quantum Field Theory (N Nekrasov); Understanding Chiral Magnetic Effect (V Shevchenko); A New Method for Solving the Z > 137 Problem and for Determination of Energy Levels of Hydrogen-Like Atoms (V Neznamov and I Safronov); Two-Dimensional Sigma Models Related to Non-Abelian Strings in Super-Yang-Mills (M Shifman and A Yung); Vacuum Structure in 3d Supersymmetric Gauge Theories (A Smilga); Critical Nuclei in a Superstrong Magnetic Field (S Godunov and M Vysotsky); Anomaly and Long-Range Forces (V Kirilin, A Sadofyev and V Zakharov); Localization at Large N (J Russo and K Zarembo);

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the current state of research on dark energy. It consists of three parts. The first part is for preliminary knowledge, including general relativity, modern cosmology, etc. The second part reviews major theoretical ideas and models of dark energy. The third part reviews some observational and numerical works. The aim of this book is to provide a sufficient level of understanding of dark energy problems, so that the reader can both get familiar with this area quickly and also be prepared to tackle the scientific literature on this subject. It will be useful for graduate students and researchers who are interested in dark energy.Table of ContentsPreliminaries in a Nutshell: Gravitation; Matter Components; Cosmology; Theoretical Aspects: Introduction to Dark Energy; Weinberg's Classification; Symmetry; Anthropic Principle; Tuning Mechanisms; Modified Gravity; Quantum Cosmology; Holographic Principle; Back-Reaction; Phenomenological Models; The Theoretical Challenge Revisited; Observational Aspects: Basis of Statistics; Cosmic Probes of Dark Energy; Dark Energy Projects; Observational Constraints on Specific Theoretical Models; Dark Energy Reconstructions from Observational Data;

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Book SynopsisThis book attempts to explain the core of physics, the origin of everything and anything. It explains why physics at the most fundamental level, and especially quantum mechanics, has moved away from naïve realism towards abstraction, and how this means that we can begin to answer some of the most fundamental questions which trouble us all, about space, time, matter, etc. It provides an original approach based on symmetry which will be of interest to professionals as well as lay people.In the book, virtually no prior knowledge is assumed, but the readers are allowed to participate in a discussion of very deep ideas. Throughout the book, the readers are guided through some important ideas which need to be explained mathematically. The key fact is that the mathematics is not about calculation but about concepts. Much of it can be simplified using coloured text and diagrams. This means that ideas which are important to everyone who wants to know how the universe is structured are not glossed over as being too difficult for anybody but the experts.This book is written for a wide audience. Experts will gain a great deal, but so will lay readers. This would be an ideal book for students to read before progressing to another book by the author, The Foundations of Physical Law.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Relativity; Quantum Mechanics; Simplicity and Abstraction; Symmetry and Duality; The Fundamental Group Structure; The Origin of Quantum Mechanics; Particles and Interactions; Space and Antispace; Conclusion;

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Book SynopsisThis book attempts to explain the core of physics, the origin of everything and anything. It explains why physics at the most fundamental level, and especially quantum mechanics, has moved away from naïve realism towards abstraction, and how this means that we can begin to answer some of the most fundamental questions which trouble us all, about space, time, matter, etc. It provides an original approach based on symmetry which will be of interest to professionals as well as lay people.In the book, virtually no prior knowledge is assumed, but the readers are allowed to participate in a discussion of very deep ideas. Throughout the book, the readers are guided through some important ideas which need to be explained mathematically. The key fact is that the mathematics is not about calculation but about concepts. Much of it can be simplified using coloured text and diagrams. This means that ideas which are important to everyone who wants to know how the universe is structured are not glossed over as being too difficult for anybody but the experts.This book is written for a wide audience. Experts will gain a great deal, but so will lay readers. This would be an ideal book for students to read before progressing to another book by the author, The Foundations of Physical Law.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Relativity; Quantum Mechanics; Simplicity and Abstraction; Symmetry and Duality; The Fundamental Group Structure; The Origin of Quantum Mechanics; Particles and Interactions; Space and Antispace; Conclusion;

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Book SynopsisIn the year 2015, 100 years after Fred Hoyle was born, the ideas relating to the cosmic origins of life are slowly gaining credence in scientific circles. Once regarded as outrageous heresy, evidence from a variety of disciplines — astronomy, geology, biology — is converging to support these once heretical ideas.This volume opens with recent review articles pointing incontrovertibly towards our cosmic heritage, followed by a collection of published articles tracing the development of the theory throughout the years. The discovery that microorganisms — bacteria and viruses — are incredibly resistant to the harshest conditions of space, along with the detection of an estimated 144 billion habitable planets around other star systems in our galaxy alone, makes it virtually impossible to maintain that life on one planet will not interact with life elsewhere. The emerging position is that life arose exceedingly rarely, possibly only once, in the history of the cosmos, but its subsequent spread was unstoppable. 'Panspermiology' can no longer be described as an eccentric doctrine, but rather is the only doctrine supported by an overwhelming body of evidence. Fred Hoyle's work in this area may in the fullness of time come to be regarded as his most important scientific contribution.Table of ContentsPrologue; Recent Review Articles Supporting Panspermia; Papers from 2000-2014; Papers from 1990-2000; Papers from 1980-1990; Papers from 1970-1980; Prospects for the Future; Epilogue; Bibliography; Index;

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Book SynopsisUsing Cartan's differential 1-forms theory, and assuming that the motion variables depend on Euclidean invariants, certain dynamics of the material point and systems of material points are developed. Within such a frame, the Newtonian force as mass inertial interaction at the intragalactic scale, and the Hubble-type repulsive interaction at intergalactic distances, are developed.The wave-corpuscle duality implies movements on curves of constant informational energy, which implies both quantizations and dynamics of velocity limits.Analysis of motion of a charged particle in a combined field which is electromagnetic and with constant magnetism implies fractal trajectories. Mechanics of material points in a fractalic space is constructed, and various applications — fractal atom, potential well, free particle, etc. — are discussed.Table of ContentsPrinciples of Motion in Invariantive Mechanics; Inertial Invariantive Motion of the Material Point; Field Invariantive Theories; Ondulator Invariantive Theories. Wave-Corpuscule Duality; Invariantive Mechanics of Systems of Material Points; The Photon in Invariantive Ondulator Theories; Lagrangian Method in Invariantive Mechanics; Considerations on Invariantive Mechanics; Invariantive Mechanics of Rigid Body; Covariant Formulation of Conservation Laws in Invariantive Mechanics; Invariantive Mechanics and Informational Energy; Chaos via Fractality in Gravitational Dynamical Systems; Fractality at Small Scale. Fractal Model of Atom; Extended Fractal Hydrodynamic Model with an Arbitrary Fractal Dimension and Its Implications; Theory of Fractional Scale Relativity and Some Applications;

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Book SynopsisEver since 1911, the Solvay Conferences have shaped modern physics. The format is quite different from other conferences as the emphasis is placed on discussion. The 26th edition held in October 2014 in Brussels and chaired by Roger Blandford continued this tradition and addressed some of the most pressing open questions in the fields of astrophysics and cosmology, gathering many of the leading figures working on a wide variety of profound problems.The proceedings contain the 'rapporteur talks' giving a broad overview with unique insights by distinguished renowned scientists. These lectures cover the five sessions: 'Neutron Stars', 'Black Holes', 'Cosmic Dawn', 'Dark Matter' and 'Cosmic Microwave Background'.In the Solvay tradition, the proceedings also include the prepared comments to the rapporteur talks. The discussions among the participants — expert, yet lively and sometimes contentious — have been edited to retain to retain their flavor and are reproduced in full. The reader is taken on a breathtaking ride through 42 years of extraordinary discovery since astrophysics was last on the Solvay program and 57 years since cosmology was last discussed.Table of ContentsOpening Session; Black Holes; Cosmic Dawn; Dark Matter; Microwave Background; Closing Session;

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Book SynopsisThis review volume is motivated by the recent discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube. The aim of the book is to bring together chapters on the status of current and future neutrino observatories with chapters on the implications and possible interpretations of the present observations and their upper limits. Each chapter is a mini-review of one aspect of the subject by leading experts. Taken together, the chapters constitute an up-to-date review of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and their potential sources.Table of ContentsGamma Ray Bursts as Neutrino Sources; Active Galactic Nuclei as High-Energy Neutrino Sources; The Origin of IceCube's Neutrinos: Cosmic Ray Accelerators Embedded in Star Forming Calorimeters; Galactic Neutrino Sources; Observations of Diffuse Fluxes of Cosmic Neutrinos; IceCube and Astrophysical Neutrinos: The Search for Sources; ANTARES; The Baikal Neutrino Project; Multi-Messenger Astronomy; Supernovas; The Quest for Dark Matter with Neutrino Telescopes; KM3NeT: Astroparticle and Oscillations Research with Cosmics in the Abyss; IceCube Gen2; PINGU/ORCA; Radio Detection of Neutrinos;

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