Archaeology by period / region Books

Book SynopsisWorld Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: a characterization introduces the range, history and significance of the archaeological collections of the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford. In 29 newly-commissioned essays written by a specialist team, the volume explores more than 136,000 artefacts from 145 countries, from the Stone Age to the modern period, and from England to Easter Island. Pioneering a new approach in museum studies, this landmark volume is an essential reference work for archaeologists around the world, and a unique introduction to the archaeological collections of one of the world’s most famous museums.Table of Contents1 Characterizing the World Archaeology Collections of the Pitt Rivers Museum. Dan Hicks ; I AFRICA: 2 Stone Age Sub-Saharan Africa. Peter Mitchell ; 3 Kenyan Stone Age: the Louis Leakey Collection. Ceri Shipton ; 4 Stone Age North Africa. Nick Barton ; 5 Egypt and Sudan: Mesolithic to Early Dynastic Period. Alice Stevenson ; 6 Egypt and Sudan: Old Kingdom to Late Period. Elizabeth Frood ; 7 Greco-Roman Egypt. Christina Riggs ; 8 Later Holocene Africa. Paul Lane ; II EUROPE: 9 Palaeolithic Britain. Alison Roberts ; 10 Palaeolithic Continental Europe. Alison Roberts ; 11 Later Prehistoric and Roman Europe. Joshua Pollard and Dan Hicks ; 12 Post-Roman Europe. Eleanor Standley, Dan Hicks and Alice Forward ; 13 Oxfordshire. Matthew Nicholas and Dan Hicks ; 14 Neolithic and Bronze Age Malta and Italy. Simon Stoddart ; 15 The Aegean and Cyprus. Yannis Galanakis and Dan Hicks ; 16 Iron Age and Roman Italy. Zena Kamash, Lucy Shipley, Yannis Galanakis and Stella Skaltsa ; III THE AMERICAS: 17 South America. Bill Sillar and Dan Hicks ; 18 Central America. Elizabeth Graham, Dan Hicks and Alice Stevenson ; 19 The Caribbean. Dan Hicks and Jago Cooper ; 20 North America. Dan Hicks and Michael Petraglia ; IV ASIA: 21 Asia and the Middle East. Dan Hicks ; 22 The Levant: Palestine, Israel and Jordan. Bill Finlayson ; 23 India and Sri Lanka. Dan Hicks, Michael Petraglia and Nicole Boivin ; 24 Japan. Alice Stevenson, Fumiko Ohinta and Simon Kaner ; 25 China. Lukas Nickel ; 26 Myanmar and Malaysia. Huw Barton ; V OCEANIA: 27 Australia and Oceania. Dan Hicks ; 28 New Zealand. Yvonne Marshall ; 29 Easter Island and Pitcairn Island. Dan Hicks, Sue Hamilton, Mike Seager Thomas and Ruth Whitehouse

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Book SynopsisThese two barrows in the parish of Tixall, north of Stafford, were excavated by the Stoke‐on‐Trent Museum Archaeological Society between the years 1986 and 1994. They are approximately one kilometre apart with King’s Low still extant but Queen’s Low badly damaged by ploughing. The results are important because little excavation of round barrows has been carried out in this area of North Staffordshire and these add considerably to the local corpus of knowledge concerning Early Bronze Age burial practices and various categories of material culture including Collared Urns and a single faience bead at each site.Table of ContentsPreface; 1 Introduction and background; 2 The excavations; 3 People and the environment; 4 The material culture; 5 King’s Low and Queen’s Low: a wider discussion; Appendices; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis work investigates a large assemblage of potentially late-dated Roman ceramics excavated in the early 1990s during rescue interventions in Vigo (N/E Spain) and its surroundings. It is well established that much of this material originated from the Mediterranean, especially the eastern provinces of the Empire. Based on the analyses of these investigations, this study goes on to assess the extent of the Atlantic distribution route and link the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula well within the trading dynamics of the Mediterranean world.Table of ContentsPréface ; Introducción ; Introduction (English) ; PARTE I: Los yacimientos estudiados: aspectos arqueológicos cerámicos y cronológicos ; 1. Los yacimientos con estratigrafía ; 2. Los yacimientos estudiados sin datos estratigráficos ; 3. Otros yacimientos con material tardío parcialmente estudiado ; 4. Periodización y descripción de los Horizontes ; PARTE II: Las vajillas finas: aspectos cuantitativos, tipológicos y cronológicos ; 1. La Terra Sigillata Africana (ARS) ; 2. La Terra Sigillata Focense (LRC) ; 3. La Terra Sigillata Chipriota (LRD) ; 4. Vajillas orientales indeterminadas ; 5. Dérivées des Sigillées Paléochrétiennes del Grupo Atlántico: DSP A (T.S.G.T = Céramique Estampée Tardive) ; 6. La Terra Sigillata Hispánica Tardía (TSHT) ; 7. La Terra Sigillata Bracarense Tardía roja (TSBT) ; 8. Las Cinzentas Tardías (CZT) o ; PARTE III: Otros materiales cerámicos importados: Las ánforas y las cerámicas comunes y de cocina importadas de los contextos de la UARC II ; Lucernas y Ungüentarios Tardíos de Vigo ; 1. Las Ánforas y las Cerámicas Comunes y de Cocina importadas de los contextos de la UARC II (Contextos 19-22) ; 2. Lucernas y Ungüentarios tardíos de Vigo (LRU) ; PARTE IV: La evolución de los intercambios comerciales, sus protagonistas y las mercancías que circulan en el Noroeste durante la Antigüedad Tardía ; 1. La evolución de los intercambios en el noroeste durante la Antigüedad Tardía: s. IV – S. VII ; 2. Las mercancías y los protagonistas del comercio ; Conclusiones ; Conclusions (English) ; Bibliografía ; Anexo 1 Tablas de contabilización ; Anexo 2 Análisis petrográficos ; Anexo 3 Macro fotografías de pastas ; Anexo 4 Fotografías de piezas

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Book SynopsisThe decorated tombs of the Egyptian Old Kingdom offer detailed knowledge of a society that in all probability was the first nation state in history. Yet scholars continue to find it difficult to access the full potential of this great body of data because so few of the tombs can be dated with sufficient precision to provide a relative chronology for the evidence they offer. The system of dating these monuments presented here builds on the work of previous scholars. In this volume the author explains how the dating method was devised. This required establishing ‘life-spans’ for 104 criteria, features drawn from tomb iconography. The system is then applied to Memphite and provincial monuments spanning the Fourth to the Sixth Dynasties. The findings are that the more criteria a monument contains, the closer the system can narrow its date, certainly to a particular reign and within a generation in some cases. The final chapter analyses and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the system.Table of ContentsPREFACE ; CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ; CHAPTER 2 PROSOPOGRAPHY FOR TOMB GROUPS A AND B ; CHAPTER 3 ESTABLISHING DATING CRITERIA ; CHAPTER 4 TESTING THE CRITERIA ; CHAPTER 5 CONCLUDING COMMENTS ; ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Book SynopsisAlthough the copper axes with central shaft-hole from south-eastern Europe have a long history of research, they have not been studied on a transnational basis since the 1960s. What has also been missing, is trying to use as many methods as possible to better understand their production, use and context. A database was compiled to find answers to questions regarding patterns of distribution, context, fragmentation and deformation. Aspects of production were considered through experimental archaeology, metallographic analysis and a re-discovered axe blank with missing shaft-hole. The typology was re-evaluated and modified to ensure comparability across modern national boundaries. The integration of these approaches yielded some interesting results. The great variability in shape clearly shows that a variety of production techniques were used, but it is difficult to relate these to specific geographic areas. In fact the typology as well as the practice of marking the axes indicate that traditional archaeological ‘cultures’ rarely correspond to axe types and marking practices. Instead there were different spheres of influence, some more localised and others much larger than specific ceramic traditions. These different levels of belonging show that it was a period of complex cultural patterns and interactions. The axes were part of these networks of daily life on many different levels from the utilitarian to the ritualised placement in burial contexts.Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 2 Methodology ; 3 Theoretical Perspectives ; 4 Context and Background of the Copper Hammer-Axes and Axe-Adzes from South-Eastern Europe ; 5 History of Research ; 6 Copper Age Metallurgy and Shaft-Hole Axes from South-Eastern Europe – Evidence, Problems and Potential ; 7 The Experiments ; 8 Metallography ; 9 A New Typology for the Copper Hammer-Axes and Axe-Adzes ; 10 Patterns and Trends in the Copper Axe Assemblage ; 11 The Copper Axes and Living Practices during the Copper Age in South-Eastern Europe – Considerations and Conclusions ; Appendix I - Typology ; Appendix II – Axe Marks ; Appendix III – GIS Distribution Maps ; Appendix IV - Cluster Distribution Maps (from Krause 2003) ; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisSince their initial discovery in the nineteenth century, the enigmatic prehistoric lake-dwellings of the Circum-Alpine region have captured the imagination of the public and archaeologists alike. Over 150 years of research have identified hundreds of lacustrine settlements spanning from the Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age, when apparently, they ceased to be built. Studies of Bronze Age material across Europe have often superficially identified bronze objects as being of ‘Alpine lake-dwelling origin’ or ‘lake-dwelling style’. Through a combination of material culture studies, multiple correspondence analysis, and the principle of object biographies, the role of the Late Bronze Age lake-dwelling communities in Central European exchange networks is addressed. Were the lake-dwellers production specialists? Did they control material flow across the Alps? Did their participation in exchange routes result in cultural assimilation and the ultimate decline of their settlement tradition? Travelling Objects: Changing Values offers insights and answers to such questions.Table of ContentsSection 1: Background ; Chapter 1: Introduction ; Chapter 2: Theoretical Background ; Chapter 3: Prehistoric European Trade Routes ; Section 2: Material Culture Distributions ; Chapter 4: Non-Metal Artefacts ; Chapter 5: Metal Weapons ; Chapter 6: Metal Equipment & Tools ; Chapter 7: Metal Accessories ; Section 3: The Role of Northern Alpine Lake-Dwellings in Europe ; Chapter 8: Metal Working in the Northern Circum-Alpine Region ; Chapter 9: Artefact Deposition ; Chapter 10: The Role of Late Bronze Age Lake-Dwellings in Europe ; Summary ; Zusammenfassung ; Résumé ; Bibliography

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Book SynopsisJust as the sea has played a pivotal role in the connectivity of people, economies and cultures, it has also provided a common platform for inter-disciplinary cooperation amongst academics. This book is a selection of conference papers and other contributions that has seen the coming-together of scholars and researchers from backgrounds as diverse as archaeology, history, ethnography, maritime and heritage studies of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. Its strength lies in the way such diversity has been harnessed to provide an engaging and insightful study of the sea and its influences on various factors of life - both past and present.Table of ContentsForeword ; Introduction: A seaman’s view of the Mediterranean (Seán McGrail) ; I. Maritime Rituals, Superstitions and Ship Images ; Maritime activity and the Divine – an overview of religious expression by Mediterranean seafarers, fishermen and travellers (Timmy Gambin) ; Hazards at sea: a case-study of two ex-voto paintings from the Church of the Karmelitani Skalzi in Bormla, Malta (Simon Mercieca) ; II. Confraternities in Maritime Culture ; The Holy Vessel: the Vascelluzzo of Messina during the early modern period (Carmelina Gugliuzzo) ; Two maritime related confraternities established at Bormla (Cospicua) parish church, Malta (Emanuel Magro Conti) ; III. Maritime Heritage: Historical Narratives ; Quatri partitu en cosmographia pratica i por otro nombre llamado Espejo de navegantes by Alonso de Chaves: a navigation manual for the instruction of Spanish pilots in the sixteenth century (Maravillas Aguiar) ; Images of pirates and slaves in traditional Greek popular songs (Efsevia Lasithiotaki) ; IV. Ethnography, Tourism and Maritime Heritage ; Sun, sand and sea: tourism and the commodification of Malta’s maritime heritage (Jeremy Boissevain) ; Work, tourism and the sea: Bulgarian experiences in Malta (Irina Atanasova) ; Lateen sails versus fibreglass boats: the contradictions of a maritime heritage process – the Platja dels Pescadors on the Catalonian coast (Eliseu Carbonell) ; The Maritime Museum of Barcelona’s approach to maritime ethnology: research and communications (Enric Garcia Domingo) ; V. Maritime Archaeology: Traditions and Practices ; Sailing the Red Sea: ships, infrastructure, seafarers and society (Cheryl Ward) ; The dgħajsa: a Phoenician survival (Alec Tilley) ; Maritime ethnography and archaeology (Seán McGrail) ; The maritime heritage of Yemen: a focus on traditional wooden ‘dhows’ (Dionisius A. Agius, John P. Cooper and Chiara Zazzaro) ; The hūrī of Socotra: cultural treasure or coastal trash? (Julian Jansen van Rensburg) ; Index

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Book SynopsisHow do you predict eclipses at Stonehenge? Why do the Carnac alignments follow geological fault lines? Was Avebury intentionally sited precisely one seventh of a circle down from the north pole? Why are so many stone circles egg-shaped or flattened? What is the meaning of the designs in ancient rock art? Do you really have to wait nineteen years to visit the remote site of Callanish? What were the ancients up to? These are our oldest buildings, our first messages, our earliest visual art. With eight authors, and packed with detailed information and exquisite rare illustrations, Megalith is a timeless and valuable sourcebook for anyone interested in prehistory.

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Book SynopsisThis fourth volume contains a comprehensive listing of the Roman coinage of the period AD 284-337 together with background information on the history of each reign and the principal characteristic of its coinage. The catalogue is organised primarily by ruler with the issues then subdivided by denomination and by reverse legend and type.

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Book SynopsisExtensive archaeological investigations were undertaken over two decades in Hinxton, south Cambridgeshire by OA East on behalf of the Wellcome Trust. The excavated areas lay in the Cam valley, a ‘borderland zone’ crossed by Icknield Way; the ridgeway route and the River Cam providing natural corridors of movement and communication.Hinxton’s post-glacial valley landscape of indigenous woodland, streams and seasonally flooded pools attracted Palaeolithic and Mesolithic communities to the area. Fills of one pool yielded a Terminal Palaeolithic ‘Long/Bruised Blade’ assemblage of national significance.Tree clearance to permit exploitation of the fertile valley sides began in the Early Neolithic. The increasingly ‘ritual’ or ceremonial significance of the landscape is indicated by a Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age shaft containing a substantial assemblage of worked flint and Beaker pottery. During the later prehistoric and Early Roman periods, two square enclosures – the largest related to mortuary practices – were followed by a small timber shrine. Burial of selected individuals, both in graves and as disarticulated remains, occurred sporadically throughout prehistory.Agricultural exploitation of the valley seems to have been almost continuous from the Early Neolithic until the Middle Roman period, after which the land lay largely fallow. Conquest period large corrals linked to major trackways potentially demonstrate stock management on a scale commensurate with supplying the nearby fort and Roman town at Great Chesterford.The immediate landscape was not resettled until the Anglo-Saxon period. Post-Roman activity at Hinxton is the subject of a companion volume (Part II).

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Book SynopsisCrete was famous in Greek myth as the location of the labyrinth in which the Minotaur was confined in a palace at somewhere called ‘Knossos’. From the Middle Ages travellers searched unsuccessfully for the Labyrinth. A handful of clues that survived, such as a coin with a labyrinth design and numerous small bronze age items. The name Knossos had survived – but it was nothing but a sprinkling of houses and farmland so they looked elsewhere. Finally, in 1878, a Cretan archaeologist, Minos Kalokairinos discovered evidence of a Bronze Age palace. British Archaeologist and then Keeper of the Ashmolean Arthur Evans came out to visit and was fascinated by the site. Between 1900 and 1931 Evans uncovered the remains of the huge palace which he felt must be the that of King Minos, and he adopted the name ‘Minoans’ for its occupants. He employed a team of archaeologists, architects and artists, and together they built up a picture of the Bronze Age community that had occupied the elaborate building. They imagined a sophisticated, nature-loving people, whose civilisation peaked, and then disintegrated. Evans’s interpretations of his finds were accurate in some places, but deeply flawed in others. The Evans Archive, held by the Ashmolean, records his finds, theories and (often contentious) reconstructions.

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Book SynopsisIn this book we offer an exciting new perspective on a distinctive form of megalithic monument that is found across most areas of northern Europe. In order to achieve this we have abandoned outmoded typological classifications and re-introduced the term ‘dolmen’ to embrace a range of sites that share a common form of megalithic architecture: the elevation and display of a substantial stone. By critically assessing the traditionally assigned role of these monuments and their architecture as megalithic tombs, the presence of the dead is reassessed and argued to form part of a process generating vibrancy to the materiality of the dolmen. As such this book argues that the megalithic architecture identified as a dolmen is not a chambered tomb at all but instead is a qualitatively different form of monument. We also provide an entirely different conception of the utility of this extraordinary megalithic architecture – one that seeks to emphasise its building as articulating discourses of wonder as a broad social strategy. In this respect it is important to remember that many of these monuments were erected very early in the Neolithic and as a consequence of new people entering new lands, or social transformation. In short, dolmens are monumental constructions employing experimental and emergent technologies to raise huge stones, which, once built, enchant those who come within their spaces. Our claim is that dolmens were megalithic installations of affect, magical and extraordinary in construction and strategically positioned to induce both drama and awe in their encounter.Trade ReviewThis is a book totally of the twenty-first century. It is all about us, not only the authors and their friends, but those of us who enjoy looking at sculpture and architecture. * Archaeologia Cambrensis - Cambrian Archaeological Association *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of figures 1. The enchantment of megalithic architecture: revisiting the dolmens of northern Europe 2. An aesthetic of megalithic construction: dolmens as installations of display 3. Becoming a capstone: differentiating stones and cup-marking in anticipation of dolmen construction 4. Raising dolmens in-situ: the deployment of enchanting technologies 5. Megalithic affect and effect: encountering dolmens in northern European landscapes 6. The living dolmen: flesh, stone and the flow and exchange of vital substances 7. A monumental catastrophe: investigating the collapsed dolmens at Garn Turne, south-west Wales 8. Wondrous places: dolmens and discourses of wonder in the early Neolithic of Britain and Ireland Appendices

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Book SynopsisOf all of Britain's great archaeological monuments the prehistoric and later hillforts have arguably had the most profound impact on the landscape, if only because there are so many; yet we know very little about them. Were they recognised as being something special by those who created them or is the ‘hillfort’ purely an archaeologist's 'construct'? How were they built, who lived in them and to what uses were they put?This book, which is richly illustrated with photography of sites throughout England and Wales, addresses these and many other questions. After discussing the difficult issue of definition and the great excavations on which our knowledge is based, Ian Brown investigates in turn the origins of hillforts, their architecture and the role they played in Iron Age society. He also discusses the latest theories about their location, social significance and chronology.The book provides a valuable synthesis of the rich vein of research carried out in England and Wales on hillforts over the last thirty years. The great variability of hillforts poses many problems, and this book should help guide both the specialist and non-specialist alike though the complex literature. Furthermore, it has an important conservation objective. Land use in the modern era has not been kind to these monuments, with a significant number either disfigured or lost. Public consciousness of their importance needs raising if their management is to be improved and their future assured.Trade ReviewIan Brown is to be heartily congratulated on having comprehensively revised and expanded his successful 2009 book and, - with the help of high editorial standards from Windgather Press - producing a useful and readable new volume which would not be out of place on the bookshelves of undergraduates, university professors, and keen ramblers alike. * Archaeologia Cambrensis - Cambrian Archaeological Association *Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Acknowledgements to first edition Acknowledgements to second edition Notes Preface Part 1 The ‘elusive’ hillfort 1. Hillforts – an introduction 2. From antiquarian to modern Part 2 Defining the space 3. Hillfort origins 4. Enclosure – around the circuits 5. Inside the enclosures Part 3 Hillfort and society 6. Environment, society and hillfort people 7. Hillfort economy 8. Superstition, belief and ritual 9. Hillforts and Rome 10. Later use and reuse of hillforts Part 4 Hillforts – function and social significance 11. Hillforts – new theories, new questions 12. Beacons in the landscape – a synthesis of ideas Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisOne of the most exciting periods of Britain’s history under the Romans remains largely unknown today. Yet, at the end of third century AD, two men successively ruled the island, together with parts of the Continental coast, as emperors of Britannia for a period of ten years. They minted their own coins, initiated Britain’s first truly integrated defence system and successfully repelled an invasion from the mighty Roman empire. This is the story of Carausius and Allectus – the rebel emperors of Britannia.

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Book SynopsisAccompanying an exhibition at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, this book explores island identities in the ancient Mediterranean, questioning how ‘insularity’– being of an island – affected and shaped art production and creativity, architectural evolution, migrations and movement of people. It extends beyond the ancient, incorporating current discourses on island versus mainland cultural identities, in contemporary Art and other disciplines.Throughout history, islands have been treated as distinct places, unlike mainland and continental masses. In geographic terms, islands are merely pieces of land surrounded by water, but the perception of island life has never been neutral. Rather, the term ‘insularity’ – belonging to/being of an island – has been romanticized and associated with otherness. Islands have often been deemed to have differenthistories from the mainland and with more readily isolated socio-political, cultural and economic characteristics. Yet connectivity has also been an important feature of island life as the sea can be a linking rather than just a dividing body, motivating and maintaining informal and formal connections.Fifty unique archaeological objects – most never displayed before outside Cyprus, Crete and Sardinia – tell exceptional stories of insular identity, over a period of 4000 years. The movement of people and episodes of migration between islands and their surrounding mainlands is also explored, through architecture, material culture, crafts and technologies present in the Mediterranean islands.Islanders has a broad diachronic scope and applies integrative analytical approach, bringing together research findings from scientific fields within archaeology, as well as a multi-scalar approach to past human interaction within continental and island environments.Trade ReviewAs this new exhibition at Cambridge’s Fitzwilliam Museum shows, [the Mediterranean islands] were remarkably open to outside influence – to foreign materials, skills, fashions and legends. * The Week *

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Book SynopsisA volume presents a detailed study of the memory of ancient mosques in Djerba, with a well-illustrated corpus of 48 buildings to build the history of the Ibadites and their struggle for the preservation of their identity. The main source is Rasā’il d’al-Ḥīlātī (m. 1099/1688-1689), which demonstrates the importance of piety and study to these people. The very strong presence of religion is felt in the multiplicity of places of prayer and in the sacred meshwork of the island which al-Ḥīlātī demonstrates. At any time, in any place, whether it be by the tomb of a prestigious scholar, a small prayer square or a mosque, religion and respect for the ancestors are remembered by the faithful. An analysis of the buildings shows their particular infrastructure, with a defensive nature (buttresses, thick walls, defensive parapets, loopholds and machicolations) – demonstrating the presence of both internal struggles (between Wahbite Ibadies and Nukkārites) and external threats from Tunis or European powers. They defended their particularism in a Maghreb that is more and more Malikite and more and more Arabized.

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Book SynopsisIn Ramesses II, Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh Peter J. Brand paints with authoritative knowledge and colourful details a compelling portrait of this legendary Pharaoh who ruled over Imperial Egypt during its Golden Age. Warrior, mighty builder and statesman, over the course of his 67-year-long reign (1279-1212 BCE), Ramesses II achieved more than any other pharaoh in the three millennia of ancient Egyptian civilization. Drawing on the latest research, Peter Brand reveals Ramesses the Great as a gifted politician, canny elder statesman, and tenacious warrior. With restless energy, he fully restored the office of Pharaoh to unquestioned levels of prestige and authority, thereby bringing stability to Egypt. He ended almost seven decades of warfare between Egypt and the Hittite Empire by signing the earliest international peace treaty in recorded history. In his later years, even as he outlived many of his own children and grandchildren, Ramesses II became a living god and finally, an immortal legend. Forty years after the publication of Kenneth Kitchen's Pharaoh Triumphant, here at last is a fresh, engaging look at Ramesses II, Egypt's ultimate Pharaoh Trade Review“Dr Brand’s book is well and authoritatively written, with an excellent choice of illustrations, mainly in colour. It is to be wholeheartedly recommended, and will certainly become the standard English language work on Rameses II for the foreseeable future.” Aidan Dodson, Egyptian Archaeology Issue 63 Autumn 2023Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures Abbreviations Chronology Map of Egypt and Nubia Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Rise of the Ramessides: The Reigns of Ramesses I and Sety I Chapter 3: Crown Prince Ramesses and His Career under Sety I Chapter 4: The Early Reign of Ramesses II Chapter 5: The Battle of Kadesh Chapter 6: Great of Victories: Ramesses II's Later Wars Chapter 7: All the King's Wives: Ramesses II's Royal Women Chapter 8: The Royal Children and their Ideological Role Chapter 9: The Path to Peace: International Diplomacy and the End of the Egyptian-Hittite Conflict Chapter 10: The Silver Treaty: The Egyptian-Hittite Peace Accords Chapter 11: Peace and Brotherhood: Diplomatic Relations Between the Egyptian and Hittite Courts Chapter 12: A Time of Wonders: The Earliest Royal Jubilees of Ramesses II and the First Hittite Marriage Alliance Chapter 13: Ramesses the Great God Chapter 14: Rich in Years: Monumental Construction and Hittite Relations during the Jubilee Period Chapter 15: Twilight of the Great God: Ramesses II's Last Years and His Descendants Chapter 16: Afterlife: The Legacy of Ramesses II Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFor many centuries, scholars and enthusiasts have been fascinated by Stonehenge, the world’s most famous stone circle. In 2003 a team of archaeologists commenced a long-term fieldwork project for the first time in decades. The Stonehenge Riverside Project (2003-2009) aimed to investigate the purpose of this unique prehistoric monument by considering it within its wider archaeological context.This is the second of four volumes which present the results of that campaign. It includes studies of the lithics from excavations, both from topsoil sampling and from excavated features, as well as of the petrography of the famous bluestones, as identified from chippings recovered during excavations. Other specialist syntheses are those of the land mollusca. The volume provides an overview of Stonehenge in its landscape over millennia from before the monument was built to the last of its five constructional stages. It concludes with a chapter placing Stonehenge in its full context within Britain and western Europe during the third millennium BC.With contributions by:Umberto Albarella, Michael Allen, Richard Bevins, Benjamin Chan, Robert Ixer, Claudia Minniti, Doug Mitcham and Sarah Viner-DanielsTable of ContentsLIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. Introduction M. Parker Pearson et al. 2. Lithic scatters in ploughsoil from the Stonehenge landscape D. Mitcham 3. Investigating traditions of stone working and inhabitation in the Stonehenge landscape: the lithics assemblages of the Stonehenge Riverside Project B. Chan 4. Petrography of bluestones and other lithics R. Ixer and R. Bevins 5. The lived-in landscape – environment, landscape and land-use: the land snail evidence M. Allen 6. Before Stonehenge M. Parker Pearson et al. 7. Stonehenge Stage 1 M. Parker Pearson et al. 8. Stonehenge Stage 2 M. Parker Pearson et al. 9. Stonehenge Stage 3 M. Parker Pearson et al. 10. Stonehenge Stages 4 and 5 M. Parker Pearson et al. 11. Stonehenge in its context M. Parker Pearson et al.

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Book SynopsisSince the eighteenth century, many if not most ancient and medieval manuscripts or other text-bearing or associated objects have been procured through imperial expropriation or through the antiquities market with little or no evidence of findspot or place of original deposition and with no assurance of legal provenance or authenticity. The consequences of these questionable acquisition practices for scholarship and for our understanding of the past are the focus of much enquiry. Recent high-profile acquisitions (and subsequent returns) of text-bearing objects by prominent private collectors and museums and the appearance on the market of demonstrably modern forgeries have resulted in increased scrutiny of the intellectual and commercial impacts of academic engagement. Scholarly research can abet the antiquities market directly or indirectly through identification, authentication and legitimation of illegally traded text-bearing objects. These harmful complications of well-established academic practice raise important questions about how and even if the academy should engage with ancient texts and text-bearing objects of uncertain provenance. Through a wide-ranging set of case studies, variant scholarship focuses on the methodological, theoretical, and ethical dilemmas facing scholars when working with ancient texts in modern contexts. This book is intended for those interested in the historical practices of research into ancient manuscripts, ethical quandaries in studying unprovenanced textual materials, and the unintended consequences of scholarly interactions with problematic text-bearing objects.

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Book SynopsisMourners shake and pull their hair on reliefs and paintings from ancient Egypt. They took part in funerary ceremonies in ancient Egypt, contributing to the dead’s resurrection in the afterlife. Hair played a clear role in these rites. In this publication Maria Rosa Valdesogo describes the relation between hair and these rites, and the role hair played in death in ancient Egypt. This book is the publication of her Phd research about the Hair in the funerary ceremony of ancient Egypt.

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Book SynopsisThis brief guide to the collections of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens provides general information about all the collections, with an emphasis on the way they are presented in the Museum galleries. It illustrates representative works from each collection, demonstrating the artistic quality and value of the exhibits. The National Archaeological Museum of Athens is the largest archaeological museum in Greece and one of the most important museums in the world devoted to ancient Greek art. Large format paperback, lavishly illustrated in colour throughoutTable of ContentsIntroduction - Nikolaos Kaltsas Prehistoric Collection - Lena Papazoglou-Manioudaki Neolithic Culture Cycladic Culture Akrotiri, Thera Mycenaean Civilization Early and Middle Bronze Age Vase Collection - Elizabeth Stasinopoulou Gold Jewellery - Elizabeth Stasinopoulou Terracotta Figurines - Christina Avronidaki and Evangelos Vivliodetis

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Hippos delves deeply into all aspects of ancient Athenian horsemanship, from the scientific analysis of a horse skeleton recently excavated at Phaleron to the roles of horses in Greek religion. Major discussion is devoted to hippotrophia, the training of equines, their competitive activities in horse racing, and their important role in the cavalry. This richly illustrated book consists of over 40 short essays on diverse topics such as the practices for naming of Athenian horses, their appearance on the city's coinage, the make-up of a chariot, the advice of the Athenian cavalry commander Xenophon, the cavalry inspection, and the possible appearance of horses on the Greek stage. This bilingual volume is the result of an exhibition held at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens in 2022. All of the objects in the exhibit are included, from small silver coins to large marble memorials for slain cavalry officers. Many of the artifacts documenting the Athenian cavalry come from wells in the Athenian Agora. Horse racing was a passion of all Greeks, but only Athens had a hero (Hippothoon) suckled by a mare. This book makes clear that hippomania was rampant in ancient Athens, just as Aristophanes implied in his comedies.

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Book SynopsisThe discovery of ancient Egypt and the development of Egyptology are momentous events in intellectual and cultural history. The history of Egyptology is the story of the people, famous and obscure, who constructed the picture of ancient Egypt that we have today, recovered the Egyptian past while inventing it anew, and made a lost civilization comprehensible to generations of enchanted readers and viewers thousands of years later. This, the third of a three-volume history of Egyptology, follows the progress of the discipline from the trauma of the First World War, through the vicissitudes of the twentieth century, and into Egyptology's new horizons at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Wonderful Things affirms that the history of ancient Egypt has proved continually fascinating, but it also demonstrates that the history of Egyptology is no less so. Only by understanding how Egyptology has developed can we truly understand the Egyptian past.Trade ReviewThe coverage of Egyptology and its struggles to survive during the two great wars, particularly the catastrophic losses in the Great War, are a valuable insight ... Without question, this book is a major contribution to the study of Egyptology and will long remain so, for both practising Egyptologists and lay aficionados. * Ancient Egypt *This remarkable three-volume tour de force fittingly ends on Egyptology in Egypt: new museums and the long anticipated opening of the Grand Egyptian Museum. Thompson rightly notes GEM as its ‘happy acronym’. This volume is likewise a gem. * Egyptian Archaeology *Jason Thompson has written what is by far the best history of Egyptology yet. Filled with fascinating facts and characters, Thompson's book is comprehensive and eminently readable and certain to become the standard history of the field for many years to come. * Kent Weeks *“Thompson’s account demonstrates the multiple array of events, personalities, political developments and intellectual inclinations that contributed to shaping the field of Egyptology as it emerged as a self-conscious discipline. Moving beyond the familiar recounting of great discoveries in Egypt, . . . Wonderful Things seeks to demonstrate the power and complexities of Egyptological activities in fashioning the story of ancient Egypt. We learn much about the less acknowledged characters in the narratives of Egyptology, appreciating the different types of contributions individuals made beyond the practices of ‘digging and writing’. The new insights Thompson provides on those who simply ‘made things happen’ is not only fascinating but serves as an extremely valuable contribution to the evaluation of Egyptology’s legacy. This is an incisive anatomy of a discipline that challenges our all too familiar assumptions about how Egyptology came to be.” -- Stephanie MoserWonderful Things: A History of Egyptology: From Antiquity to 1881 is an excellent first installment on something the field has long been lacking--a comprehensive history of Egyptology. After surveying the Greeks and Romans, medieval writers, and the European scholars and travelers of the Renaissance and Enlightenment, Jason Thompson hits full stride with the nineteenth-century. The French expedition and Champollion’s decipherment gave birth to modern Egyptology, and this is the century in which Thompson—the author of definititve biographies of Egyptologists and Orientalists Gardiner Wilkinson and Edward William Lane—feels most fully at home. After the Description de l’Égypte and Champollion come Richard Lepsius, Heinrich Brugsch, Samuel Birch, and Auguste Mariette. All the great figures and landmarks are there, and many lesser ones as well. Both scholars and general readers will eagerly anticipate the second and third volumes to carry the story down to the present. -- Donald M. Reid"This well-researched and authoritative account of the history of Egyptology will become the definitive reference tool for anyone interested in the development of this academic discipline. In this first volume of his study, the author has delved deep into the surviving archives to undercover the growth of Egyptology from antique times until the astonishing success of Mariette. Unlike previous works which only dealt with the highlights of Egyptian archaeology, he covers both the academic and archaeological aspects of the subject and shines a light on many unsung heroes of Egyptology who had been edged out of the limelight by the more well known. When completed, this study will form a lasting memorial to the men and women who in their various ways rescued the past of Egypt. -- Morris Bierbrier“[Wonderful Things] is a remarkable achievement: a scholarly work packed with facts but one which is also genuinely readable. It is ambitious in its scope and detail. To follow the growth of an arcane but also a highly romantic branch of learning becomes in Thompson’s book something close to an adventure. The author successfully convey his infectious enthusiasm for the subject but writes with a degree of detachment that allows him to be refreshingly and occasionally almost ruthlessly trenchant and critical.” * from the Foreword by Jaromir Malek *At last a definitive history, which does justice not only to the major players but to lesser lights as well. Wonderful Things will be immensely valuable. -- Brian Fagan, author of The Rape of the NileRemarkably thorough and yet refreshingly readable, this action-packed history of Egyptology is driven by some extraordinary characters—mostly men but some notable women—who needed to learn everything they could about the culture, land, and language of ancient Egypt. As much a study of European colonialism in Egypt as a historiography of seventeenth- to nineteenth-century scholarship, this volume [1] is an absolute necessity for anybody with an interest in pharaonic Egypt. -- Kara CooneyTable of ContentsChronological Outline of Ancient Egyptian History Maps Preface Acknowledgments 1. Egyptology and the Great War 2. Resuming the Field 3. Wonderful Things 4. The Pharaoh’s Curse 5. Winds of Change 6. George A. Reisner and His Colleagues at Giza 7. Farther South: Nubia and Sudan 8. New Dimensions in Prehistory 9. Inter-War: The Library 10. Years of Uncertainty 11. Nazi Egyptology and the Second World War 12. An Egyptological Intermediate Period 13. Nubian Rescue: The Temples 14. Nubian Rescue: The Archaeology 15. Resuming the Field—Again: Saqqara and Lower Egypt 16: Resuming the Field—Again: Upper Egypt and Beyond 17. Language and Art 18. Writing Ancient Egyptian History 19. Women in Egyptology 20. Points of Departure Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAncient Egyptian medicine employed advanced surgical practices, while the prevention and treatment of diseases relied mostly on natural remedies and magical incantations. Following the successful first volume of The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians, which dealt with surgical practices and the treatment of women and children, this second volume explores a wide range of internal medical problems that the Egyptian population suffered in antiquity, and various methods of their treatment. These include ailments of the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems, chiefly heart diseases of various types, coughs, stomachaches, constipation, diarrhea, internal parasites, and many other medical conditions. Drawing on formulas and descriptions in the Ebers papyrus and other surviving ancient Egyptian medical papyri, as well as physical evidence and wall depictions, the authors present translations of the medical treatises together with commentaries and interpretations in the light of modern medical knowledge. The ancient texts contain numerous recipes for the preparation of various remedies, often herbal in the form of pills, drinks, ointments, foods, or enemas. These reveal a great deal about ancient Egyptian physicians and their deep understanding of the healing properties of herbs and other medicinal substances. Illustrated with thirty-five photographs and line drawings, The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians: 2: Internal Medicine is highly recommended reading for scholars of ancient Egyptian medicine and magic, as well as for paleopathologists, medical historians, and physical anthropologists.

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Book SynopsisThe information presented in this book will startle the world. For centuries, the authenticity of the Holy Shroud has been argued about. Skeptics push their negative opinion based on a few highly questionable clues, while the authenticists continue to detect new facts confirming that the Relic wrapped the corpse of Jesus Christ and that the body image impressed on it was produced by a source of energy generated during the Resurrection.What is world-changing is that to explain this "impossible image" of a tortured and crucified man, the book presents a startling new hypothesis, the "Divine Photograph" taken at the instant of the Resurrection, based on a phenomenon, the "Miracle of the Holy Fire" that manifests on every Holy Saturday at the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. As this amazing relationship becomes more broadly known, the world will be shocked.Table of Contents1. The Miracle of the Holy Fire 2. Miracle of the Holy Fire, History and Religious Significance 3. Science Investigates the Holy Fire 4. The Holy Shroud and the Impossible Image 5. The Divine Photography 6. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis compact book, packed with glorious colour photography joins a series on the stand out holdings of the British Museum. It describes the discovery, conservation and analysis of the corpse of Lindow Man, Britain's best preserved bog body, dating to the late Iron Age.

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Book SynopsisIn 1942, while ploughing a field near Mildenhall in Suffolk, eastern England, Gordon Butcher stumbled upon a hoard of 34 silver objects that he turned over to his boss and owner of the land, Sydney Ford. Dating back to Roman Britain, fourth century AD, and of outstanding artistic and technical quality, the hoard was declared a Treasure Trove in 1946.

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Book SynopsisExposing the Maya focuses on the works of 19th-century photographers Désiré Charnay, Alice and Augustus Le Plongeon, Teobert Maler, Alfred Maudslay and Adela Breton, all of whom were masters of their craft and travelled extensively to sites in Mexico and Central America. The over 100 selected images in this volume, together with nearly 40 additional contextual images featuring sketches from travel journals, hand-coloured drawings, prints, and maps, are combined with the photographers’ own words found in their published writings, journals and letters to provide insight into their methods, context for their images, and capture the realities of field work in Mesoamerica. Accessible and highly illustrated, Exposing the Maya features rare and important early photographs of the archaeological ruins and remains of the great Mayan and Aztec civilizations of Mesoamerica, from an age that witnessed the evolution of photographic techniques and brought to life the long-faded murals and decoration of these ruins. This is an absorbing story of incredible journeys, the challenging conditions under which these pioneering photographers produced their images, and how they perceived the remnants of these ancient indigenous cultures in modern-day Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.Table of ContentsForeword/Acknowledgments; Introduction; The Photographers: 1.Désiré Charnay; 2. Alice and Augustus Le Plongeon; 3. Teobert Maler; 4. Alfred Maudslay; 5. Adela Breton; Selected Bibliography; Photo and other credits

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"It is fitting that archaeologists, whose profession played a key role in the establishment of Greece as a client state subservient to the European colonial powers, should today be a vocal majority in this extraordinarily rich critical review of archaeology's political role in Greece and Cyprus over the past two centuries. Contested Antiquity transcends the geographical boundaries of its subject, offering a comprehensive, thoroughly documented, and meticulously argued account that will serve for years to come as a model for the investigation of the impact of ideology and politics on serious scholarship."—Michael Herzfeld, Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Contested Antiquity in Greece and CyprusPart I: Between nationalism, colonialism and crypto-colonialism: Historical perspectives and current implications1. Hellas Mon Amour: Revisiting Greece's National "Sites of Trauma"2. Archaeology and Politics in the Inter-War Period: The Swedish Excavations at Asine3. Contested Perceptions of Archaeological Sites in Cyprus: Communities and their Claims on their Past4. Pressed On in Press: Greek Cultural Heritage in the Public Eye: The Post-War YearsPart II: Spatial metaphors and ethnographic observations: heritage, memory and dissonance5. The Gentrification of Memory: The Past as a Social Event in Thessaloniki of the Early Twenty-first Century6. The Oracle of Dodona: Contestation over a "Sacred" Archaeological Landscape7. Archaeological "Protection Zones" and the Limits of the Possible: Archaeological Law, Abandonment and Contested Spaces in GreecePart III: Competing pasts8. Heritage as Obstacle: Or Which View to the Acropolis?9. Eptapyrgio, a Modern Prison inside a World Heritage Monument: Raw Memories in the Margins of Archaeology10. Contemporary Art and "Difficult Heritage": Three Case Studies from AthensEndnoteIndex

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsTranslators' Preface Introduction City Walls Capitoline Roman Forum Imperial Fora Palatine Valley of the Colosseum Esquiline Caelian Quirinal, Viminal, and the Via Lata Campus Martius Forum Holitorium, Forum Boarium, Circus Maximus, and the Baths of Caracalla Aventine, Trastevere, and the Vatican Via Appia Eastern Environs: Viae Latina, Praenestina, Labicana, Tiburtina Northern Environs: Viae Salaria, Nomentana, Flaminia, Cassia Western Environs: Viae Aurelia, Campana, Ostiensis Aquaducts Ostia Tivoli and the Tiburtine Territory The Alban Hills and Praeneste Appendix Bibliography Illustration Sources Index

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Book SynopsisThe Crusade of 1456 offers translations of key sources from an often overlooked yet consequential event in fifteenth-century Europe.Trade Review"A description of Belgrade in 1456 is to be found in many a book on the Medieval Balkans, on the Papacy and the Levant, or on Hungarian history but never with such specificity and depth. It is as if long lost voices are heard again for the first time after the sleep of ages, with startling freshness and power." -- Alberto M. Fernandez * European Conservative *Table of ContentsIntroduction Historical Frames: Political and Military Developments Sources in Scholarly Context: The Middle Ages, the Crusades, and the Problem of “Lateness” Framing the Sources: Selection, Structure, and Significance Part One: Preparations for Crusade, 1453–1456 1. Pope Nicholas V, Etsi Ecclesia Christi 2. Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, Constantinopolitana Clades 3. Correspondence of 1455–1456 4. Liturgy for Taking the Cross 5. A Pope’s Call to Prayer 6. Pope Callixtus III, Omnipotentis dei misericordia Part Two: The Earliest Accounts 7. John of Capistrano to Pope Callixtus III 8. John of Capistrano to Pope Callixtus III 9. John Hunyadi to Denis Szécsi, Archbishop of Esztergom 10. John Hunyadi to Ladislaus Garai, Palatine of Hungary 11. John Hunyadi to King Ladislaus Posthumous 12. John of Tagliacozzo to James of the Marches 13. John of Capistrano to Pope Callixtus III Part Three: News and Propaganda 14. Ambassador of the Bishop of Šibenik to Callixtus III 15. Cardinal Juan Carvajal to Francesco Sforza 16. Letters of John Goldener 17. Ladislaus Posthumous to Duke Francesco Sforza of Milan 18. The City of Nuremberg to the City of Weissenburg 19. Pope Callixtus III to Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan 20. Letters of Bernard of Kraiburg 21. Callixtus III, Letter to Juan Soler 22. Anonymous (Pseudo-John of Capistrano), to all Christians 23. Anonymous, Letter to Henry of Eckenfelt 24. Liturgical Commemorations of Belgrade Part Four: John of Tagliacozzo’s The Story of the Victory of Belgrade 25. John of Tagliacozzo, The Story of the Victory of Belgrade Part Five: Memoir and Chronicle 26. Thomas Ebendorfer, Chronica Austriae 27. Laonikos Chalkokondyles, The Histories 28. Michael Kritopuoulos (Kritovulos), History of Mehmed the Conqueror 29. Jacopo da Promontorio, Recollecta 30. şıkpaşazade, Memories and Chronicles of the House of Osman 31. John Thurocz, Chronicle of the Hungarians 32. Tursun Beg, History of the Conqueror 33. The Oxford Anonymous Chronicle 34. Konstantin Mihailović, Memoirs Timelines: General Timeline The Crusade of 1456 Maps: Central and Southeastern Europe, c. 1450 The Siege and Relief of Belgrade, 1456 The City and Fortress of Belgrade, c. 1450

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Book SynopsisWho were the Vikings, and do they deserve their unsavoury reputation? Through over 100 primary source documents, this fascinating collection weighs the cultural importance and lasting influence of the Vikings.Trade Review"The third edition of [The Viking Age] is a substantial enlargement and update." -- D.J. Shepherd * CHOICE *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter One: The Scandinavian Homelands 1. The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan 2. A Description of the Islands of the North Chapter Two: Scandinavian Society 3. The Lay of Rig (Rígsþula) 4. Politics in Harald Finehair’s Norway 5. Hoskuld Buys a Slave 6. Slave Revolts (a) Hjorleif's Slaves Revolt (b) A Slave Revolt in Egil's Saga 7. How the Hersir Erling Treated His Slaves Chapter Three: Early Religion and Belief 8. The Norse Creation-Myth 9. Ragnarok: The Doom of the Gods 10. Odin Welcomes Eirik Bloodax to Valhalla 11. Odin Hangs on Yggdrasil 12. Odin and Human Sacrifice (a) The Death of King Vikar (b) The Deaths of Domaldi and Olaf Tretelgja 13. Sigurd, the Earl of Lade, Sacrifices to the Gods 14. The Temple at Uppsala 15. A Temple in Iceland 16. Norse Funeral Practices (a) Snorri’s History of Burial Practices (b) Odin Orders Cremation and Becomes a God (c) The Death of Baldur the Good (d) Gunnar’s Burial Mound 17. The Living Dead (a) Gunnar’s Posthumous Poem (b) Grettir’s Fight with Glam Chapter Four: Gender in the Viking Age 18. Manly Men (a) Gunnar Weeps (b) The Death of Gunnar (c) Egil and Armod 19. Unmanly Men (a) Deadly Insults from Grágás (b) A Flyting between Sinfjotli and Gudmund (c) Egil in Old Age 20. Strong Women (a) Unn the Deep-Minded Takes Control of Her Life (b) The Goading of Hildigunn (c) The Prowess of Freydis, Daughter of Eirik the Red 21. Mothers and Sons (a) Gudrun Drives Her Sons to Take Revenge (b) Gudrun Osvifrsdottir's Incitement of Her Sons 22. Making and Breaking Marriages (a) Betrothals from the Sagas (i) The Betrothal of Olaf Hoskuldsson (ii) How Unn Mordsdottir Found Herself Betrothed (b) Divorces from the Sagas (i) How Gudrun Divorced Thorvald (ii) Vigdis Divorces Thord Goddi 23. Women's Work (a) Housework in Laxdale Saga (b) Magical Women (i) The Greenland Prophetess (ii) A Phallic Ritual: Passing the Penis 24. Men and Women Behaving Badly (a) Queen Gunnhild Has Her Way with Hrut (b) Gisli Sursson Defends the Family Honor (c) On the Penalties for Poetry (d) Hallfred the Troublesome Poet and Kolfinna (e) Grettir the Strong Puts a Woman in Her Place 25. Same-Sex Encounters (a) Penitential of Saint Thorlak (b) Civil Penalties in Early Norwegian Law (c) Njal Gives a Garment to Flosi (d) King Harold Formsson and the Land-Spirits (e) Gisli Sursson Fights Skeggi the Berserk 26. Gender Instability: Trans-Gender and Gender-Shifting (a) From Gulathing Law: On Seriously Insulting Speech (b) Odin's Wisdom and Arts (c) From Loki's Flyting (Lokasenna) (d) Loki and Svadilfari: loki's Adventure as a Mare 27. Cross-Dressing (a) Thor as a Bride (b) How Aud Dealt wih Her Humiliating Divorce Chapter Five: Viking Warriors and Their Weapons 28. The Accomplishments of a Viking Warrior (a) Earl Rognvald Kali on Being a Gentleman (b) Gunnar Hamundarson, the Ideal Warrior (c) Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway 29. Warrior Women (a) A Warrior Woman (b) The Waking of Angantýr (The Lay of Hervor, Hervarakviða) 30. Valkyries (a) Helgi and Sigrun I (b) Helgi and Sigrun II (c) Brynhild's Helride 31. Berserkers and the Berserk Rage (a) Odin’s Berserks (b) Egil Skallagrimsson Fights a Berserk 32. Weapons (a) King Magnus Barelegs Dresses to Kill (b) The Sword Skofnung (i) Hrolf Kraki and Skofnung (ii) Skeggi and Skofnung (iii) Kormak and Skofnung (iv) Thorkel Eyolfsson and Skofnung (v) Gellir Thorkelsson and Skofnung (c) Saint Olaf’s Sword, Hneitir Chapter Six: Fjord-Serpents: Viking Ships 33. King Olaf Tryggvason Builds the Long Serpent 34. Harald Sigurdarson’s Splendid Ship 35. Animal Heads on the Prows of Ships 36. A Sea-Battles from the Sagas: Olaf Tryggvason at the Battle of Svold Chapter Seven: “Sudden and Unforeseen Attacks of Northmen” 37. On the Causes of the Viking Expansion 38. Viking Raids on England, 789–850/1 39. Alcuin’s Letter to King Athelred, 793 40. An English Gospel Book Ransomed from the Vikings 41. Viking Raids on Ireland, 795–842 42. The Martyrdom of Blathmac, 825 43. The Life of Saint Findan 44. Irish Resistance to the Norsemen 45. Franks and Vikings, 800–829 46. The Northmen in France, 843–865 47. An Account of the Siege of Paris, 885–886 48. Vikings in the Iberian Peninsula (a) Ibn al-Kutia. Year 230 (17 September 844 - 1 October 845) (b) Ibn Adhari. Year 229 (30 September 843 - 17 September 844) Chapter Eight: “The Heathens Stayed”: From Raiding To Settlement 49. Viking Activities in England, 851–900 50. The Martyrdom of Saint Edmund 51. The Vikings in Ireland, 845–917 52. Ketil Flatnose and His Descendants in the Hebrides 53. Earl Sigurd and the Establishment of the Earldom of Orkney 54. Runic Inscriptions from Maes Howe, Mainland, Orkney 55. Runic Inscriptions from the Isle of Man 56. Rollo Obtains Normandy from the King of the Franks Chapter Nine: Austrveg: The Viking Road To The East 57. The Ru¯s 58. The Ru¯s Attack Constantinople 59. On the Arrival of the Varangians 60. A Muslim Diplomat Meets Ru¯ s Merchants on the Volga River 61. River Routes to Constantinople 62. A Norwegian Soldier of Fortune in the East 63. Ru¯ s Expeditions to the Middle East 64. The Yngvar Runestones Chapter Ten: Into the Western Ocean: The Faeroes, Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland 65. The Islands in the Northern Ocean, c. 825 66. Sailing Directions and Distances in the North Atlantic 67. The Western Ocean 68. Adam of Bremen on Iceland 69. Icelandic Accounts of the Discovery and Settlement of Iceland (a) The Book of the Icelanders (b) The Book of Settlements 70. Skallagrim’s Land-Take in Iceland 71. The Settlement of Greenland (a) The Book of the Icelanders (b) The Book of Settlements 72. The King’s Mirror on Greenland 73. Adam of Bremen on Vinland 74. The Norse Discovery of Vinland 75. Thorfin Karlsefni in Vinland Chapter Eleven: Viking Life and Death 76. Advice for Sailors and Merchants 77. Svein Asleifarson’s Viking Life 78. Children (a) Young Grettir Helps around the Farm (b) Children Mimic Adults (c) The Child is Mother of the Woman (d) Young Egil Plays for Keeps 79. Games and Entertainment (a) A Horse-fight from Njal’s Saga (b) Skallagrim's Rough Play (c) Ball Games and Scraper-Games at Sand from Hord's Saga (d) Entertainment at a Wedding Feast at Reykjaholar from The Saga of Thorgils and Haflidi (e ) Mock Lawsuits from The Saga of the People of Ljosavatn 80. The Jomsvikings Meet Their End 81. The Burning of Njal Chapter Twelve: From Odin to Christ 82. Early Missions to the North: The Life of Saint Anskar 83. The Conversion of the Danes under Harald Bluetooth 84. Olaf Tryggvason and the Conversion of Norway 85. A Poet Abandons the Old Gods 86. The Christianization of Norway under Saint Olaf 87. The Conversion of the Icelanders 88. The Conversion of Greenland 89. The Conversion of Orkney 90. Christianity in Sweden 91. Christianity and the Church in Norway 92. The Travels of King Sigurd, Jerusalem-Farer 93. The Journey of Abbot Nikolas Bergsson from Iceland to Jerusalem Chapter Thirteen: State-Building at Home and Abroad 94. Harald Finehair and the Unification of Norway 95. Denmark: The Jelling Stone 96. State-Making in Denmark: Unification and Expansion 97. The Martyrdom of Alfeah (Saint Alphege) 98. Knut the Great and the North Sea Empire 99. The England Runestones 100. The Earldom of Orkney at Its Zenith Chapter Fourteen: The End of the Viking Age 101. The Battle of Clontarf, 1014 102. The Battle of Stamford Bridge, 1066 103. The Battle of Largs, 1263 Chapter Fifteen: Reawakening Angantýr, or Viking Revivals 104. The First Revival (a) Snorri Sturlson (1179-1241) and Norse Poetics (b) Saxo Grammaticus and Icelandic Sources 105. Romantic Vikings (a) The Fatal Sisters: An Ode, from the Norse Tongue (b) The Vegtam's (Odin's) Kvitha (poem); or The Descent of Odin: An Ode, from the Norse Tongue 106. Operatic Vikings: Richard Wagner (1818-1883), from Das Rheingold, Scene Two 107. Aryan Anthropology: Vikings in Politics (a) Halfdan Bryn: Methodology (b) Hans F.K. Günther on Nordic Man (c) Alfred Rosenberg: Creative Men and Beautiful, Motherly Women 108. The Gods Reborn (a) Carl Jung: "Wotanism" (b) Odin Lives (c) Odinism in America (d) Versions of Ásatrú (i) The Icelandic Forn Sed Norge / The Society of the Ancient Faith in Norway 109. Plundering the Vikings, from The Irish Times 110. The Vikings in the Courtroom of History: Terrorists, Tourists, Others (a) Savage Warriors (b) Piracy and Commerce (c) Intruders of a Recognizable Type? (d) Revisiting the Revisionists (e) The Viking Diaspora Epilogue 111. Advice from Odin Sources Index of Topics Index of Authors and Sources

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Book SynopsisThe French fur trade post of Fort Ouiatenon was founded more than 300 years ago on the Wabash River in what is now Tippecanoe County, Indiana. The History and Archaeology of Fort Ouiatenon is a multidisciplinary exploration of the fort, from its founding in 1717, through its historical significance over the years, and up to its present-day use. Covering a variety of historical, archaeological, Indigenous, and living history perspectives on Fort Ouiatenon, as well as the fur trade and New France, this collection is the first volume dedicated to this important site. The volume is written with a wide audience in mind, ranging from academics to historical reenactors, Indigenous communities, and those interested in local history.

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Book SynopsisPoDIA 10 features articles presenting the results from archaeological sites in Cyprus and at Sikyon, Greece, the activities of Danish philhellenes, and a re-evaluation of the significance of an archaic Attic Sphinx in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen. Kristina Winther-Jacobsen analyses and discusses the ceramics and associated burial customs from two tombs in Cyprus from the Hellenistic-Roman period. Silke Müth and her team of researchers offer a preliminary report on the excavations and accompanying research in Old Sikyon 2018-2019. It is in the same connection that M. Arenfeldt Christensen presents a case study of human skeletal material from an Archaic grave in Sikyon, uncovered in 2019. Annette Højen Sørensen and Helge Wiingaard discuss the role of the Danish diplomat and minority expert as a Philhellene and present his collection of antiquities at Haderslev Cathedral School in Denmark in the light of the extraordinary circumstances in the first half of the 20th century which formed the borderland not only between Denmark and Germany but also between Greece and Turkey. John Lund discusses the activities of Frederik Scholten in Greece and the Greek world during the period around the Greek Revolution and presents his drawings from this period. Finally, Ingrid Strøm makes a case for adding the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek marble sphinx to the oeuvres of the Moscophoros Master and for rendering it a more central position in the studies of Early Attic marble sculpture.

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Book SynopsisThis richly illustrated, four-colour textbook introduces the art and archaeology of ancient Greece, from the Bronze Age through to the Roman conquest. Emphasizing context and function, Barringer explores the purpose and use of buildings and objects within their particular time and place, leading students to a rich sociohistorical understanding of Greek art.Trade Review'This book is a superb resource for students and teachers of ancient Greek art specifically and the ancient Greek world as a whole. Barringer strikes an ideal balance between brevity and depth, leaving just enough room between the sentences for dialogue, discussion, and discourse. No mere survey, this important new text goes out of its way to problematize traditional narratives and point to the hidden riches and complexities of the field.' Peter Schultz, Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota'There is no lack of good introductions to the art and archaeology of ancient Greece, but Barringer's new book - clearly written and presented, incorporating the latest scholarship, and superbly illustrated (many images are new, unusual and uncommonly instructive in themselves) - will occupy the first rank. The narrative is made to order for undergraduate surveys, but even advanced students and scholars will benefit from the book's succinct and perceptive analyses of the themes, functions and cultural contexts of the major monuments of Greek art and architecture. It is that rare thing: a readable survey that intimates the richness, depth and complexity of its subject.' Jeffrey M. Hurwit, University of OregonTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The Bronze Age and early Iron Age in Greece; 2. The Geometric period (c.900–700 BC) and the seventh century BC; 3. The Archaic Mediterranean; 4. The Classical period: the fifth century BC; 5. The late Classical period and Alexander, c.400–323 BC; 6. The legacy of Alexander: the Hellenistic world; 7. Roman conquest and the conquest of Rome; Glossary.

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Book SynopsisImages of the Ice Age, here in its third edition, is the most complete study available of the world''s earliest imagery, presenting a fascinating and up-to-date account of the art of our Ice Age ancestors. Authoritative and wide-ranging, it covers not only the magnificent cave art of famous sites such as Lascaux, Altamira, and Chauvet, but also other less well-known sites around the world, art discovered in the open air, and the thousands of incredible pieces of portable art in bone, antler, ivory, and stone produced in the same period. In doing so, the book summarizes all the major worldwide research into Ice Age art both past and present, exploring the controversial history of the art''s discovery and acceptance, including the methods used for recording and dating, the faking of decorated objects and caves, and the wide range of theories that have been applied to this artistic corpus. Lavishly illustrated and highly accessible, Images of the Ice Age provides a visual feast and an absTrade Review...a highly recommended read on the alluring yet quietly majestic art of the Ice Age. * Antonio P. Batarda Fernandes, European Journal of Archaeology *The strength of Bahn's book is the vast canon of art it documents. * Paul Pettitt, Current World Archaeology *[A] beautifully illustrated guide to the creative endeavours of our prehistoric predecessors, which provides ample evidence of the former, and goes a long way to ameliorate the latter, combining details discussions of cave paintings and petroglyphs, decorated objects, figurines, and personal adornment with thought-provoking explorations of how they might be interpreted. * Current Archaeology *a very comprehensive guide to the art of the Ice Age * Karekiet and Meander *[In Images of the Ice Age ,Paul Bahn] offers a unique opportunity to appreciate universally important works of art, many of which can never be accessible to the public, and which represents the very earliest evidence of artistic expression. * SALON *Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements ; List of Illustrations ; Introduction ; 1. The Discovery of Ice Age Art ; 2. The Oldest 'Art' in the World ; 3. A Worldwide Phenomenon ; 4. Making a Record ; 5. How Old is the Art? ; 6. Fakes and Forgeries ; 7. Portable Art ; 8. Blocks, Rock-Shelters, and Caves ; 9. Art in the Open Air ; 10. What Was Depicted? ; 11. Reading the Messages ; 12. Conclusion ; Notes ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisHoward Carter, who discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun, began his career as an artist working for the Egypt Exploration Fund in 1891. By shining a spotlight on Carter's watercolour painting of a scene from the shrine to Anubis in Hatshepsut's temple, Carl Graves uncovers the life and legacy of one of Egypt's greatest archaeologists.

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Book SynopsisIf you imagine that our ancient forbears ate weak gruel, some meat, and bread so hard that it was practically inedible, Jacqui Wood''s study and recreation of ancient cooking methods and recipes will be a revelation. Based on experimental archaeology at the author''s world-famous research settlement in Cornwall, this book describes the ingredients of prehistoric cooking and the methods of food preparation. A general overview of the lifestyle of our prehistoric ancestors is followed by detailed sections (plus cookbook-style recipes) on: bread; dairy foods; meat, fish and vegetable stews; cooking with hot stones; clay-baked food; salt and the seashore menu; peas, beans and lentils; herbs and spices; vegetables; yeast, wine, beer and teas; sweets and puddings. At the end of the book you will realise that a barbecue in the summer need not be sausages on a gas cooker; it could be fish wrapped in grasses and clay, baked in a fire pit at the end of the garden, followed by sweet fruit, seaweed jelly and washed down by Neolithic wine.

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Book SynopsisArtemis is a literary, iconographic, and archaeological study of the ancient Greek goddess of the hunt, who presided over the transitions and mediations between the wild and the civilized, youth and maturity, life and death. Beginning with a study of the early origins of Artemis and her cult in the Bronze and Archaic Ages, Budin explores the goddess'' persona and her role in the lives of her worshippers.This volume examines her birth and childhood, her place in the divine family, her virginity, and her associations with those places where the wilds become the cities of just men. The focus then turns to Artemis' role in the lives of children and women, particularly how she helps them navigate the transition to adulthood and, perhaps too often, death. Budin goes on to reconsider some of the more harrowing aspects of Artemis' mythology, such as plague and bloodshed, while also examining some of her kinder, oft overlooked associations. Finally, the role of Artemis in theTrade Review"Stephanie Budin’s Artemis is a richly detailed and engaging study that offers a welcome contribution to the fields of Greek religion and mythology. Expertly weaving together evidence from literary texts and inscriptions, archaeology and the visual arts, Budin uncovers the many meanings and layers of Artemis through her origin stories, her iconic roles as virgin and huntress, and her mediating function as a goddess of critical female transitions. With the passion and wit of a great teacher, Budin convincingly demonstrates that the worship of Artemis was truly a life-or-death matter for the ancient Greeks." - Monica S. Cyrino, University of New Mexico"Although principally writing for undergraduates, historian Budin not only surveys the current scholarship but also argues for revisions; most compellingly, that Artemis was not associated with warfare, and that the evidence claimed for that view is from the Roman period, or is methodologically flawed. While rigorous, the volume remains clear and approachable: all Greek is translated; arguments based on Greek language are judiciously chosen and lucid. An important book for collections supporting study of mythology, religion, and literature, and likely to appeal to a broader audience...Summing Up: Highly recommended." - P. E. Ojennus, Whitworth University, CHOICETable of ContentsIntroduction: Why Artemis?1 An Early History of Artemis2 The Childhood and Perpetual Virginity of Artemis3 Artemis of the Wilds4 Artemis and Children5 Artemis and Women6 Artemis as Goddess of Plague and Cruelty7 Some Underappreciated Aspects of Artemis8 Artemis Afterwards

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Book SynopsisThe three-thousand-year-old rock-cut temples at Abu Simbel and the story of their rescue from the rising waters of Lake Nasser in the 1960s are almost as familiar worldwide as the tale of the gold funerary mask and brief life of the boy king Tutankhamun. Yet although they remain among the most celebrated, visited, and photographed archaeological sites in the world, the lower Nubian temples-from Philae in the north to Abu Simbel in the south-are some of the least understood by the visitor. In this lucidly written, beautifully illustrated book, Nigel Fletcher-Jones places the temples in their historical context, telling the story of the discovery of the Abu Simbel temples, and why and how they were moved, explaining what the Nubian temples teach us about ancient Egypt, which gods and goddesses were worshiped there, and the place of Rameses II in the long line of ancient Egyptian kings and queens. With over 80 new photographs, diagrams, and maps, and packed with fascinating insights, Abu Simbel and the Nubian Temples is an ideal introduction to one of the world's great regions of archaeological splendor.Trade ReviewAbu Simbel and the Nubian Temples: A New Travelers Companion is an ideal, information-packed, gorgeously photographed, and easy-to-follow guide to Abu Simbel and other Nubian temples. Author Nigel Fletcher-Jones has a rare gift-to see the whole and the detail simultaneously, to provide us with the whole context, on the one hand, but also those brilliant little elements of a place easily missed without the expert's eye. His photographs are exactly what makes this travelers companion special. This book is a wonderful addition to the libraries of globe-trotters as well as explorers of the imagination. -- Kara Cooney A fine companion for a visit to the iconic Nubian temples. -- Aidan DodsonTable of Contents1. Understanding Abu Simbel 2. From Discovery to the Grand Tour 3. The Great and Small Temples 4. The Gods of Abu Simbel 5. Rameses at Home 6. Rameses at War 7. Saving Abu Simbel 8. The Nubian Temples Further Reading

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Book SynopsisAncient South America, 2nd edition features the full panorama of the South American past from the first inhabitants to the European invasions Isolated for all of prehistory and much of history, the continent witnessed the rise of cultures and advanced civilizations rivalling those of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Independently of developments elsewhere, South American peoples invented agriculture, domesticated animals, and created pottery, elaborate architecture, and the arts of working metals. Tribes, chiefdoms, and immense conquest states rose, flourished, and disappeared, leaving only their ruined monuments and broken artifacts as testimonials to past greatness. This new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect archaeological discoveries and insights made in the past three decades. Incorporating new findings on northern and eastern lowlands, and discussions of the first civilizations, it also examines the first inhabitants of Brazil and Patagonia as well as the Andes. Accessibly written and abundantly illustration, the volume also includes chronological charts and new examples.

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