Aquaculture and fish-farming Books

Book SynopsisBivalve Molluscs is an extremely comprehensive book covering all major aspects of this important class of invertebrates. As well as being an important class biologically and ecologically, many of the bivalves are fished and cultured commercially (e.g. mussels, oysters, scallops and clams) in a multi--billion dollar worldwide industry.Trade Review "Although written for undergraduates, its wealth of infomation, data and extensive reference list will be of value to graduate students, academics and aquaculturists, fisheries laboratories and statutory bodies, and commercial aquaculture companies." CAB Abstracts, 2005. "The motivation to write this book came when the author realized that there was no single text covering all aspects of the biology, ecology and culture of bivalve molluscs, despite their economic importance. This long-awaited volume is an admirable acheivement of the ambition to meet this need... a valuable addition to marine sciences libraries everywhere. The back cover of this book says that it is a landmark text that will stand for many years as the standard work on this subject. I can only agree with this sentiment." Ian Laing, Aquaculture, 2004. "The book is a welcome addition to the literature and provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of biological and environmental factors that affect and control both natural populations of marine bivalves and culture operations. The book will prove to be a good text for undergraduates and it could inspire some of them to undertake careers in the field of molluscan biology." Neil Bourne, Aquaculture International, 2003. "I found this a most readable book that presents a comprehensive overview of commercially important bivalve molluscs... Considerable skill has been shown in reviewing this vast literature." National Shellfish Association Newsletter "This text provides a comprehensive and up-to-date intoduction to the biology, ecology and culture of the bivalve molluscs." Farmers Market Online "Extensively illustrated, the text is presented in a clear, concise, and easy-to-read style and includes up-to-date references and suggestions for further reading." Journal of the American Water Resources Association "The book is very readable, in an easy style. It is well illustrated and there is a wealth of data and statistics presented." Liz Harper, Bulletin of The Malacological Society of London "This large and comprehensive book is a must read, study or digest for anyone involved with the growing or capture of molluscs. While written very much from a North Atlantic cool water perspective, much of the information that the book contains will be of considerable universal value. A most important textbook." Fishing Boat World, April 2004Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1. An Introduction to Bivalves. 2. Morphology of Bivalves. 3. Ecology of Bivalves. 4. How Bivalves Feed. 5. Reproduction, Settlements and Recruitment. 6. Bivalve Growth. 7. Circulation, Respiration, Excretion and Osmoregulation. 8. Fisheries Management of Natural Populations. 9. Bivalve Culture. 10. Genetics in Aquaculture. 11. Diseases and Parasites. 12. Public Health. Subject Index. Species Index

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Book Synopsisinternational appeal, in view of the worldwide interest in cyprinid fish authors' experience (70 years between them) approximately 100 full colour photographs practical, but based on the latest research valuable reference for a wide range of professionals and enthusiasts.Trade Review"Carp and other cyprinid fish are vitally important to the international fish farming market. Their deseases can have a very significant impact on that market. This excellent book describes many of those diseases and offers solutions in the form of both prevention and cure of those diseases." (Fishing Boat World, April 2004) "This book will make an invaluable addition to the library of any institution or individual involved with the study or management of cyprinid fishes... a truly extensive work." (Ian J. Winfield, Fish and Fisheries) "This is really an excellent publication that deserves a space on any fish textbook shelf" (Vaughan Lewis, FISH Magazine, May 2001)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Geographical distribution. 1.2 Economic importance of cyprinids. 2 Cyprinid Biology. 2.1 Water: the controlling factor. 2.2 Basic external anatomy. 2.3 Basic internal anatomy. 3 Disease Symptoms. 3.1 Behavioural symptoms of disease. 3.2 General external visual signs. 3.3 Internal signs of disease. 4 Infectious Diseases - Viruses, Bacteria and Fungi. 4.1 Viral pathogens and diseases. 4.2 Bacterial pathogens and diseases. 4.3 Fungal pathogens and diseases. 4.4 Zoonoses. 5 Infectious Diseases - Parasites. 5.1 Protozoan parasites and diseases. 5.2 Monogenean flukes. 5.3 Digenean flukes (trematodes). 5.4 Cestodes (the tapeworms). 5.5 Nematodes. 5.6 Acanthocephalans (spiny headed worms). 5.7 Mollusca (Glochidia). 5.8 Annelid worms (leeches). 5.9 Crustacea. 5.10 Zoonoses. 6 Noninfectious diseases. 6.1 Self-inflicted injuries. 6.2 Injuries caused by fish and other animals. 6.3 Injuries caused by human activities. 6.4 Developmental and physiological diseases. 6.5 Common disease problems. 6.6 Sterility. 6.7 Tumours. 6.8 Longevity and senile-related diseases. 7 Environmentally Induced Diseases. 7.1 Environmental diseases caused by natural events. 7.2 Environmental diseases caused by human activities. 7.3 Water temperature. 7.4 Dissolved gases. 7.5 pH. 7.6 Nitrogenous wastes. 7.7 Other pollutants. 7.8 Environmental stressors and diseases. 7.9 Measurement of some environmental water parameters. 8 Nutritionally Induced Diseases. 8.1 Natural foods. 8.2 Artificial foods. 8.3 Nutrition related diseases. 8.4 Starvation. 8.5 Nutritional toxicity disorders. 8.6 Overfeeding. 8.7 Diseases associated with live food organisms. 8.8 Diseases associated with feeding sick or dead fish. 9 Diseases of Eggs and Fry. 9.1 Eggs. 9.2 Fry. 9.3 Predation of eggs and fry. 10 Management of Fish Health. 10.1 Introduction to site management plans. 10.2 Trade organizations and other bodies. 11 Future Developments. 11.1 Rapid diagnostic methods. 11.2 Vaccine development. 11.3 Trends in chemotherapy. 11.4 Future disease risks. 12 Laboratory Procedures in Disease Diagnosis and Control. 12.1 Examination on site. 12.2 Submitting a sample to the laboratory. 12.3 Initial examination. 12.4 Euthanasia. 12.5 Detailed external examination. 12.6 Blood sampling. 12.7 Detailed internal examination. 12.8 Laboratory tests. 12.9 Diagnosis. 12.10 Post mortem equipment. Fish Names Cited in Text. Glossary of Terms. Index.

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Book Synopsisaeo The author, George Matthiessen, has wide experience of commercial oyster production aeo Fully comprehensive information providing a vital reference for al those involved in this business aeo Compares and contrasts the relative merits of oyster culture systems internationally.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Salt Ponds. 2. Oyster Biology and Distribution. 3. Early Years. 4. Oyster Culture in the Far East. 5. Developments in Culture techniques. 6. Oyster Culture in the Indo-Pacific Region. 7. Artificial Upwelling. 8. Oyster Culture in Western Europe. 9. Working Around Disease. 10. Oyster Culture in North America. 11. Limits to Oyster Production. 12. Oyster Culture in Tropical Regions. 13. Conclusions. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisFish from inland waters provide a major source of animal protein, particularly in areas far removed from the sea. The current high demand for fish, and the increased awareness of the role of the environment in supporting human well being, have led to a situation where attitudes to inland water resources are rapidly changing.Trade Review"... of great use to the practitioner who needs one easy-to-use source of more detailed references." (Fish and Fisheries) "Inland fisheries are a complex subject that is well covered in this first rate book." (Fishing Boat World) "This book bridges the gap between books on aquaculture and those on fisheries from our ocean waters. It will serve as an essential reference for those involved in inland fisheries management" (Aquaculture Magazine)Table of ContentsAuthorship. Acknowledgements. Guidelines. 1. Introduction. Resource availability. Political and economic climate. The changing situation of fisheries. A new vision for management. 2. Objectives. Objectives for the fishery. Regional differences in management strategy. 3. The Nature of Inland Waters. Types of inland water. 4. The Nature of Fish Populations. Fish populations in different types of inland water. The size structure of fish populations. Dynamics of fish populations. Biomass and production. Migration and movements. Responses of fish populations to stress. 5 The Fisherman and the Fishery. The fisherman and society. 6 Fishing Techniques. Types of fishing regime. Fishing technology. Social and policy implications of fishing technology. Seasonality of fishing. 7 Fish Utilization. Fish as food and nutrition. Fish preservation. Marketing. 8 Resource Evaluation. Stock assessment. Catch assessment. Analysis of markets. Analysis of consumption. Area-catch studies. Environmental data. 9 Social and Economic Evaluation. Evaluation of the social and institutional context of a fishery. Sampling. 10 Integrating Information. Resource mapping. Geographical information systems. Summary and conclusions. 11 Fishery Management. Social and policy consideration. Strategies for regulation of fisheries. Measures for regulation. 12 Environmental Management. Other users of the inland water resource. Impacts of other users. Remedial measures. Basin planning. 13 Enhancement. Techniques for enhancement. Summary of enhancement strategies. Cost effectiveness. 14 Mitigation and Rehabilitation. Objectives of rehabilitation. Habitat requirements of fish. Protection of water quality. Control and use of vegetation. Rehabilitation of lakes and reservoirs. Rehabilitation of rivers. 15 Biodiversity and Conservation Issues. Importance of biodiversity. Management of biodiversity. 16 Legislation. International instruments. National legislation. Regional legislation. 17 Conclusion. Changing patterns for the resource. Monitoring. Needs for participatory management. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Aquaponic Farmer is a complete practical guide to understanding, constructing, and operating a family-farm scale commercial cold-water aquaponic system for raising trout and vegetables. It details a commercial Deep Water Culture system, with step-by-step design, construction, and management principles, based on actual production numbers.Table of Contents Acknowledgments Preface: A World Without Weeds Introduction: The State of the World Chapter 1: What Is Aquaponics? A Primer on Aquaponics A Very Brief History of Aquaponics Aquaponic Ecomimicry Aquaponics, Permaculture and Sustainability Aquaponic Plant Systems Deep Water Culture Systems Drip Tower Systems DWC or Drip Towers - Our Recommendation Plant Sites and Light Availability Bacterial Surface Area Available Oxygen Filtration Our Conclusion Backyard vs Commercial Systems Chapter 2: The RCA System The Purpose of This Book Avoiding Our Mistakes A Note on Reading Before Building A Note on Metric vs Imperial A Note on Currency A Note on North Property Considerations Zoning Sun Exposure Characteristics of the Land Access to Power and Water Prevailing Winds Waste Disposal Long-term Land Rights Living On Site The Greenhouse Size New vs Used Types of Covering Recommended Features Heating the Air Cooling the Air Heating and Cooling the Water Heat Pump The Raincoast Aquaponics Greenhouse Greenhouse Layout Troughs Trough Design Principles The RCA Troughs Rafts Fish Tanks Filtration Systems Mechanical Filtration Biological Filtration RCA Filtration Systems Radial Flow Separator (RFS) Combination Filter Box (CFB) Ultraviolet Sterilization Supplemental Lighting Germination Chamber Seedling Area Water: The Lifeblood of the Farm Water Temperature pH Water Quality Management Aeration Pumps Tower System Pumps Effluent The Sump The Drain Down Effect Workbench Cistern Power Consumption Chapter 3: Principles of System Design The Golden Ratio of Cold-water Aquaponics Cold-Water vs Warm-Water Aquaponics Using the Golden Ratio Step 1 Step 2 A Note on Tower Systems A Final Design Note Chapter 4: Constructing the RCA System Site Preparation Greenhouse Construction Foundation Installation Arches Installation Endwall Installation Covering Installation Roll Up Sides Installation Hanging Components Installation Circulation Fans Installation Heater Installation HID Light Installation Electrical and Internet Installation Internet Installation Sump Construction Sump Construction Waste Tank Excavation Trough Construction Ground Preparation Trough Construction Side and Middle Wall Construction Endwall Construction Assembling the Walls Final Placement of the Troughs Trough Liner Installation Trough Plumbing Installation Inlet plumbing Drain plumbing Side to Side Plumbing (U-turn) Estimated Parts List for Trough Construction Raft Construction Painting the Rafts Source Water Installation Aquaculture Subsystem Installation Layout Installing the Main Waste Pipe Installing the Fish Tanks Building the Standpipe Assemblies (SPAs) Installing the Radial Flow Separator Installing the Tank Manifold Connecting the Tank Manifold to the Radial Flow Separator Constructing the Combination Filter Box (CFB) Installing the Moving Bed BioReactor (MBBR) Installing the Filter Screens Installing the Combination Filter Box Installing the Underground Plumbing (Trough Side) Installing the Aeration Pipe Aeration Blowers Installation Air Stone Installation Pump Side Plumbing Installation Installing the UV Sterilizers Installing the UV to Fish Tank Plumbing Calculating the System Head Selecting the Pumps Heat Pump Installation Cistern Installation Seedling Table Construction Workbench Construction Walk-in Cooler Installation Germination Chamber Construction Chapter 5: Tools of the Trade Shade Cloth Backup Oxygen and Power Monitoring System pH Controller Dissolved Oxygen Meter Water Testing Kit Seedling Trays and Domes Substrates Dibbler Plate Net Pots Totes Packaging Salad Dryer Scales Knives and Scissors Fishing Nets and Tank Covers Cleaning Brushes Washing Machine Chest Freezer Hot Water System Stainless Steel Counter/Sink Constructing the Wash Down Sink Feed Storage Chapter 6: Managing the Ecosystem Bacteria Nitrifying Bacteria Mineralizing Bacteria Bacteria and UV Mineral and Nutrient Content Ammonia, Nitrites and Nitrates Other Plant Nutrients Chemical Testing Sample Water Location Plant Observation Nutrient Recycling Water Quality and Management pH Two pH Management Methods: Buffering vs Hydroxides pH Management Water Temperature Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Optimum Water Quality Parameters Chapter 7: Cycling the System Filling the System with Water Cycling the System The Importance of Calcium in Cycling The First Cohort of Fish The First Year of Operation Full Capacity Chapter 8: Raising Fish Fish Species Feed Conversion Ratio Fish Sourcing Record Keeping Fish Transport Fish Tempering and Quarantine Tempering Quarantine Fish Feed Feeding Your Fish Sampling Feeding Technique Fish Tank Rotation Tank Cleaning and Sterilizing Fish Health Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Salt Bath Treatment Lab Analysis Purging Before Harvest Harvesting Fish Chapter 9: Plant Production Plant Selection The Plants We Produce at RCA Seeds The Growth Cycle Direct Seeding Multi-stage Production Planting Seeds Germination Seedlings Transplanting into the Troughs Raft Placement and Rotation Transplant Schedule Thinning and Spacing Plants Maturing Plants Plant Inspection Watering in the Greenhouse Harvest, Packaging and Storage Harvesting Methods Washing Plants Salad Mixes Portioning Packaging Harvest Clean Up The Production Cycle Nutrient Deficiencies Nitrogen Calcium and Potassium Iron High Ammonia Chapter 10: Plant Diseases and Pests Pythium Powdery Mildew Fungus Gnats Aphids Cabbage Loopers Earwigs Pill Bugs Slugs Birds Rats Mink and Marten Bears Plant Disease and Pest Management Cultural Controls Environmental Controls Heating/Ventilation Cycle Sticky Traps Predatory Insects Using Pesticide and Fungicide Sprays Lethal Concentration Calculation Re-entry Interval Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Foggers Chapter 11: Standard Operating Procedures and Protocols Daily Log Weekly Tasks Notes for Phase 3 Weekly Seeding Chart Crop Log Fish Sample Log Cohort Log Monthly and Seasonal Tasks Replacing UV Bulbs Logs and Protocols Chapter 12: Marketing and Sales Aquaponic Advantages Year Round Production Ethical Plants Ethical Fish Aquaponics is Sexy Potential Markets Farmers Markets Restaurants and Retail Stores Wholesale Distributors Farm Gate Sales Market Comparison The RCA Sales Model Promoting Your Farm Chapter 13: Creating a Business Plan Construction Costs Property Acquisition Labor Costs Site Preparation Greenhouse Power List of Initial Costs Ongoing Operational Costs List of Ongoing Operation Costs Income Estimates Income Estimate Table Final Thoughts Resources Sources Glossary Acronyms Index About the Authors A Note About the Publisher

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Book SynopsisThe definitive and expert guide to the seaweeds of New Zealand's coastal waters.Trade Review'Seaweed! It's awesome, and the proof is in the beautiful images collected in New Zealand Seaweeds … Over 150 genera and 250 key species are described, with each entry illustrated by underwater photographs as well as herbarium scans, microscopic photographs and reproductions of celebrated botanical artist Nancy Adams’ paintings' - Newsroom; full page illustrated review in May-June 2020 issue of NZ Geographic; author feature in Canvas, NZ Herald 28 March 2020; author feature in North & South, April 2020; author feature on RNZ Afternoons with Jesse Mulligan, 9 March 2020.Table of ContentsIntroduction 7 Green algae: Chlorophyta 21 Brown algae: Ochrophyta 55 Red algae: Rhodophyta 139 Acknowledgements 327 Glossary 328 Recommended reading 332 Image credits 334 Taxonomic index 339 Index 347

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Book SynopsisMinorities in Shark Sciences showcases the work done by Black, Indigenous and People of Color around the world in the fields of shark science and conservation. Edited by three minority researchers, it provides positive role models for the next generation. Highlighting new and important research done in the fields of biology, ecology, and evolution, the book places emphasis on scientists with diverse backgrounds and expertise from around the world. The heart of this book is that community and minority voices are important (and have always been) to science regardless of diplomas/universities/accolades/western standards of academia. Despite the use of the term Minorities', most of the world's population do not identify as white nor male, and in fact all minorities together comprise the global majority of humans. For those in these historically underserved and underrepresented demographics, it is meaningful to be highlighted and be given credit for their contributions. TTrade Review"The diversity of authors in each chapter provides a fresh, inclusive, and global perspective to shark biology. I could envision teaching a course on sharks from this book – it covers the "required" topics and more importantly, highlights the scientists doing this work."Sora Lee Kim, Assistant Professor, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California Merced, USA"This book will change your perspective of sharks, with easy-to-understand science and facts." Alex R, high school student, USA"I really enjoyed learning more details about sharks and the people who study and understand them. This book is a great place to start for anyone who wants to learn about sharks and why they are very important to the ocean. I like how the authors are introduced before each chapter. I was able to learn more about each person and how they study sharks. The keywords in each chapter helped me to learn new vocabulary"Addison W, age 13, USA"This topic, other than what I have heard Addison talk about, is completely new to me and I learned so much. I love the storytelling that is combined with the technical information."Addison’s mom, USA"The diversity of authors in each chapter provides a fresh, inclusive, and global perspective to shark biology. I could envision teaching a course on sharks from this book – it covers the "required" topics and more importantly, highlights the scientists doing this work."Sora Lee Kim, Assistant Professor, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California Merced, USA"This book will change your perspective of sharks, with easy-to-understand science and facts." Alex R, high school student, USA"I really enjoyed learning more details about sharks and the people who study and understand them. This book is a great place to start for anyone who wants to learn about sharks and why they are very important to the ocean. I like how the authors are introduced before each chapter. I was able to learn more about each person and how they study sharks. The keywords in each chapter helped me to learn new vocabulary"Addison W, age 13, USA"This topic, other than what I have heard Addison talk about, is completely new to me and I learned so much. I love the storytelling that is combined with the technical information."Addison’s mom, USATable of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. Introduction. Chapter 1: Public Perceptions of Sharks. Chapter 2: Elasmobranch Ecology and Evolution. Chapter 3: Fields of Elasmobranch Anatomy and Physiology. Chapter 4: Shark Conservation and Fisheries Management Across the Globe. Conclusion. Additional Resources. Index

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Book SynopsisSuppose you were designing a marine mammal. What would they need to live in the ocean? How would you keep them warm? What design features would allow them to dive for very long periods to extreme depths? Do they need water to drink? How would they minimize the cost of swimming, and how would they find their prey in the deep and dark? These questions and more are examined in detail throughout Marine Mammal Physiology, which explores how marine mammals live in the sea from a physiological point of view. This undergraduate textbook considers the essential aspects of what makes a marine mammal different from terrestrial mammals, beyond just their environment. It focuses on the physiological and biochemical traits that have allowed this group of mammals to effectively exploit the marine environment that is so hostile to humans. The content of this book is organised around common student questions, taking the undergraduate's point of view as the starting point.Table of ContentsAbout the Editors. Acknowledgements. Preface. Hydrodynamics. Energy for Exercise: The cost of motion in marine mammals. Oxygen Stores and Diving. Under Pressure. Thermoregulation. Acoustics. Vision and Touch. Hydration. Nutrition. Feeding Mechanisms. Fasting. Postdelivery. Health and Disease. Ecotoxicology. Sharing Earth’s Oceans. More questions and mysteries.

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Book SynopsisGrowth and Decay of Coral Reefs: Fifty Years of Learning describes how coral reefs have alternately flourished and declined over the last 50 years and the dynamics of these changes. The study is based on recordings at 30 different locations along the Sudanese coast, visited by the author between 1971 and 1973.Beyond the Red Sea''s desert shores lie some of the richest and most diverse coral reefs on our planet. Over a thousand species of reef fishes, matched by a similar abundance of living corals, creating habitats scientists were only just beginning to understand. The complexity of the inter-relations was truly mesmerizing. A single intervention, such as removal of a key species, could cause the whole community to collapse. Healthy corals were transformed into green weed-smothered reefs, accompanied by the loss of both corals and fish.Based on the author's observations of how knowledge and perspectives have changed over the last 50 years, this book highlighTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Hydrography 3. Reef Conservation Section 1: Fish 4. Fish Surveys 5. Fish Recorded at Reef Sites 6. Fish in Suakin Harbour 7. Fish In Dungonab Bay 8. Fish on Cousteau’s Garage Section 2: Corals 9. Coral Habitats: Building Sites and Graveyards 10. Sea Urchins’ Impacts on Coral Reefs 11. Coral Communities 12. Coral-Killing Sponges 13. Other Coral Killers 14. Coral Bleaching 15. Growth and Distribution of Corals on Cousteau's Underwater Garage Section 3: Turf Wars 16. Ecological Impact of CCA, Filamentous Algae and Grazing Fish 17. Sponging on Coral Section 4: Underwater Recording 18. Port Sudan 19. Suakin Region 20. Dungonab Bay 21. MV. Mani 22. Towartit Reefs 23. Mesharifa Island 24. Shambaya Island 25. Wingate Barrier Reef 26. Sanganeb Reef 27. Shaab Rumi 28. Discussion

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Book SynopsisSerpulid polychaetes are a unique and highly specialised group of marine segmented worms that have adapted to inhabiting self-secreted calcareous tubes attached to a wide range of hard substrates. These animals are found across all depths and habitats of the world's oceans, and some form mutually beneficial associations with live corals. The genus Hydroides is of special concern and importance, as it is not only the largest, but also one of the most ecologically and economically important groups of marine invertebrates because it includes notorious biofoulers and common bioinvaders that travel around the world hitchhiking on ships' hulls. This is the first fully illustrated guide to this notorious serpulid genus of calcareous tubeworms, providing a comprehensive diagnostic treatment of all known species of the genus Hydroides. This important reference provides reliable identification tools to distinguish tubeworms from potential alien invaders thTable of ContentsIntroduction. General body morphology. Tubes. Tube morphology. Tube composition and mineralogy. Tube ultrastructure. Organic tube lining. Tube formation. Fossil record. History of studies. Taxonomic studies. Reproduction, development and life history. Reproduction. Larval development. Settlement. Juvenile growth and maturation. Ontogeny: reversible asymmetry, compensatory regeneration and duplicity. Reversible asymmetry and compensatory regeneration. Duplicity. Malformations. Bioperculate chimaera. Economic and ecological impacts. Nuisance fouling species. Invasive species. Model organisms for research. Barcoding, phylogeny and genome structure. Barcoding. Phylogeny. Genome structure. Biogeography. Patterns of geographical distribution. Methods of collecting, examination, preservation and identification. Collecting. Examination and preservation. Identification. Diagnostic characters used for identification. Key to the species of Hydroides worldwide. Taxonomic account. Abbreviations of institutions where type material is deposited. Glossary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive, clear, and detailed guide to procedures for conducting marine ecological field studies Marine Ecological Field Methods is a comprehensive resource that offers the most relevant sampling methodologies for quantitative and qualitative studies of mesopelagic, demersal, littoral, and soft-bottom organisms, as well as relevant physical parameters. The authors describe how various sampling gears work, how to operate them, their limitations, guides on sorting and measuring collected organisms, and how to deal with subsamples of large catches. The text also explains how to use acoustic equipment for monitoring aggregations of organisms, for example fish shoals, as well as the use of sensors for registering environmental variables such as salinity, temperature, oxygen, and light. The text contains cutting-edge research techniques that are in their final stages of development for use in research surveys. Marine Ecological Field Methods is deTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Foreword xiii Acknowledgements xv 1 The Marine Environment 1Jon Thomassen Hestetun*, Kjersti Sjøtun*, Dag L. Aksnes, Lars Asplin, Jennifer Devine, Tone Falkenhaug, Henrik Glenner, Knut Helge Jensen and Anne Gro Vea Salvanes* Lead authors; co-authors in alphabetical order 1.1 Marine Habitats 4 1.1.1 The Pelagic and Benthic Realms 4 1.2 The Coastal and Fjord Biotopes 5 1.2.1 The Littoral and Sublittoral Habitats 6 1.2.2 The Continental Shelf and Slope 8 1.2.3 The Deep Ocean 9 1.3 Physical Characteristics of the Pelagic System 10 1.3.1 The Light Environment 15 1.3.1.1 Inherent Optical Properties: Scattering and Absorption Coefficients 15 1.3.1.2 Visibility, Sighting Distance, and the Beam Attenuation Coefficient 16 1.3.1.3 Light Penetration and the Attenuation Coefficient of Diffuse Light 16 1.3.1.4 Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) 17 1.4 Temperate Marine Communities – Environment and Organisms 18 1.4.1 Littoral Organisms 18 1.4.1.1 Species, Zonation, and Communities 18 1.4.2 Sublittoral Organisms 20 1.4.3 Demersal and Benthic Organisms 21 1.4.3.1 Bottom]associated Organisms 21 1.4.3.2 Continental Shelf and Slope Benthos 22 1.4.3.3 Benthic Fish of the Continental Shelf and Slope 23 1.4.3.4 Deep Bottom Fish of Fjords and the Norwegian Deeps 24 1.4.4 Pelagic Organisms 24 1.4.4.1 Plankton and Micronekton 24 1.4.4.2 Pelagic Fish 28 1.4.4.3 Mesopelagic Organisms 29 1.4.4.4 Deep]pelagic Fish 30 References 30 2 Planning Marine Field Studies 33Jennifer Devine*, Keno Ferter, Henrik Glenner, Jon Thomassen Hestetun, Knut Helge Jensen, Leif Nøttestad, Michael Pennington, David John Rees, Anne Gro Vea Salvanes, Kjersti Sjøtun and Arved Staby * Lead author; co-authors in alphabetical order 2.1 Survey and Sampling Design 33 2.1.1 Survey Design 35 2.1.2 Sampling at a Station 36 2.2 Littoral Survey Design 38 2.2.1 Sampling Methods 40 2.3 Benthos Survey Design 40 2.3.1 Mapping the Biodiversity of Sognefjord – An Example of a Multi]sampling Approach 42 2.3.1.1 The Objectives of the Project 43 2.3.1.2 Sampling Strategy and Sampling Design 43 2.3.1.3 Methods and Sampling Activities 44 2.4 Oceanic Survey Design 44 2.4.1 Pelagic Trawl Survey for Abundance Estimation of Mackerel 45 2.4.1.1 Background 45 2.4.1.2 Primary Objectives 45 2.4.1.3 Survey Design 46 2.4.1.4 Equipment 47 2.4.1.5 Sampling 47 2.4.1.6 Assumptions 47 2.4.1.7 Computations 47 2.4.1.8 Results 48 2.4.1.9 Potential Uncertainties and Bias 48 2.4.1.10 What are the Data Used for? 48 2.4.2 Bottom Trawl Surveys to Monitor Demersal Fish 49 2.4.2.1 Background 49 2.4.2.2 Primary Objectives 49 2.4.2.3 Survey Design 50 2.4.2.4 Equipment 51 2.4.2.5 Assumptions 52 2.4.2.6 Computations 53 2.4.2.7 What are the Data Used for? 53 2.5 Ecological Process Studies 54 2.5.1 Studying Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) of Mesopelagic Organisms Using Acoustics 54 2.5.1.1 Background 54 2.5.1.2 Primary Objectives 55 2.5.1.3 Survey Design 56 2.5.1.4 Equipment 56 2.5.1.5 Sampling 57 2.5.1.6 Assumptions 58 2.5.1.7 Computations 59 2.5.1.8 Results 61 2.5.1.9 Potential Uncertainties and Bias 61 2.5.1.10 What are the Data Used for? 63 2.5.2 Studying Barotrauma Impacts in Physoclistous Fish Species 63 2.5.2.1 Background 63 2.5.2.2 Primary Objectives 64 2.5.2.3 Survey Design 64 2.5.2.4 Equipment 66 2.5.2.5 Assumptions 66 2.5.2.6 Computations 66 2.5.2.7 Results 66 2.5.2.8 What are the Data Used for? 67 References 69 Further Reading 73 3 Sampling Gears and Equipment 75Anne Gro Vea Salvanes*, Henrik Glenner*, Dag L. Aksnes, Lars Asplin, Martin Dahl, Jennifer Devine, Arill Engås, Svein Rune Erga, Tone Falkenhaug, Keno Ferter, Jon Thomassen Hestetun, Knut Helge Jensen, Egil Ona, Shale Rosen and Kjersti Sjøtun * Lead authors; co-authors in alphabetical order 3.1 Sampling Organisms 75 3.1.1 Direct Observations 75 3.1.1.1 Littoral Zone Methods 75 3.1.1.2 ROV Sampling 78 3.1.1.3 Video/image]based Methods 79 3.1.1.4 Manned Submersibles 79 3.1.1.5 Scuba Diving 79 3.1.2 Active Gears 79 3.1.2.1 Sampling Trawls (Midwater and Bottom) 79 3.1.2.2 Beach Seine 85 3.1.2.3 Plankton Nets 86 3.1.2.4 Multiple Nets 89 3.1.2.5 Sledges and Dredges 91 3.1.2.6 Grabs and Corers 94 3.1.2.7 Water Samplers 95 3.1.3 Passive Gears 98 3.1.3.1 Gillnets and Entangling Nets 98 3.1.3.2 Pots 99 3.1.3.3 Fyke Nets 100 3.1.3.4 Hook]and]line 101 3.1.4 Remote Sensing 101 3.1.4.1 Acoustics 101 3.1.4.2 AUVs 107 3.1.4.3 Satellite or Infrared Light 107 3.2 Sampling the Physical Environment 110 3.2.1 Conductivity, Salinity, Temperature, Oxygen 110 3.2.1.1 CTD 110 3.2.1.2 Weather Station 111 3.2.2 Light 111 3.2.2.1 Secchi Disc 111 3.2.2.2 Transmission Meters 112 3.2.2.3 PAR Sensors 112 3.2.2.4 Spectroradiometers 113 3.2.3 Currents (Direction, Speed) 113 3.2.3.1 ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) 113 3.2.3.2 LADCP (Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) 116 3.2.3.3 Small Handheld ADCPs 116 3.2.3.4 Moorings with ADCPs 117 3.2.4 Sediment 117 3.3 Suitability of Equipment in Given Habitat Types 118 References 118 4 Sorting Specimens and Preserving Materials 121Anne Gro Vea Salvanes*, Henrik Glenner*, Jennifer Devine, Jon Thomassen Hestetun, Mette Hordnes, Knut Helge Jensen, Frank Midtøy and Kjersti Sjøtun * Lead authors; co-authors in alphabetical order 4.1 Sampling Diary 121 4.2 Sorting and Preserving Littoral Collections 121 4.3 Sorting Zooplankton 122 4.3.1 Procedure for Processing Small Zooplankton Samples for Total Biomass 124 4.4 Sieving and Sorting Benthic Samples 125 4.5 Fish and Nekton 126 4.5.1 Trawl Samples 126 4.5.1.1 Sorting a Codend Sample and Subsampling 129 4.5.2 Sorting Hook]and]Line Samples 137 4.6 Data Records 137 4.6.1 Station Records and Species Composition 138 4.6.2 Detailed Individual Measurements 142 4.6.3 Information Transfer to Data Files 142 4.7 Samples for Storage 144 4.7.1 Fixatives 145 4.7.2 Health and Security When Using Fixatives 147 References 149 5 Data Analysis 151Knut Helge Jensen*, Jennifer Devine, Henrik Glenner, Jon Thomassen Hestetun, Anne Gro Vea Salvanes and Kjersti Sjøtun * Lead authors; co-authors in alphabetical order 5.1 Scripts 151 5.2 Setting the Working Directory 152 5.3 Importing Data 153 5.4 Working with Data 155 5.4.1 Error Checking 155 5.4.2 Saving Data 159 5.5 Data Exploration and Statistical Testing 160 5.5.1 Analysis of Marine Communities 160 5.5.1.1 The Bray]Curtis Dissimilarity Index 163 5.5.2 Physical Environment 167 5.5.3 Zooplankton Samples 170 5.5.4 Fish and Nekton 175 5.5.4.1 Hook]and]line 175 5.5.4.2 Trawls 175 5.5.5 Mapping 200 5.5.5.1 Making Maps with R 200 References 206 Index 209

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive volume providing broad and detailed coverage of marine mussels Marine Mussels: Ecology, Physiology, Genetics and Culture provides readers with in-depth, fully up-to-date information on all major aspects of marine mussels. Written by an internationally renowned expert in the field, this authoritative volume addresses morphology, ecology, feeding, phylogeny and evolution, reproduction and larval development, settlement and recruitment, genetics, disease, management of culture systems and more. The book encompasses many different species of marine mussels: genus Mytilus, other important commercial marine genera such as Perna, Aulacomya and Choromytilus, and non-commercial genera including Modiolus, Geukensia, Brachidontes and hydrothermal vent Bathymodiolus. Comprising twelve extensively cross-referenced chapters, the book discusses a diversity of integrated topics that range from fundamental physiology of mTable of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements xiii 1 Phylogeny and Evolution of Marine Mussels 1 Introduction 1 Phylogeny of the Phylum Mollusca 1 Phylogeny and Evolution of Bivalvia 3 Evolution and Adaptive Radiation in Bivalvia 5 Phylogeny and Evolution in the Mytilida 8 Significant Evolutionary Developments in the Family Mytilidae 11 Notes 15 References 16 2 Functional Morphology 21 Introduction 21 Shell 21 Mantle 29 Gills 31 Foot 34 Labial Palps 40 Alimentary Canal 40 Gonads 43 Heart and Haemolymph Vessels 43 Excretory Organs 44 Nerves and Sensory Receptors 45 References 47 3 Ecology of Marine Mussels 56 Introduction 56 Global and Local Distribution Patterns 57 Factors Affecting Geographic Distribution 64 Factors Affecting Local Distribution 69 Climate Change and Potential and Observed Impacts on Marine Mussels 102 Notes 116 References 116 4 Particle Processing and Nutrient Utilisation 141 Introduction 141 Filtration and Clearance Rates 141 Particle Processing on the Gills and Labial Palps and in the Stomach 157 Alimentary Canal and Digestive Process 174 Absorption Efficiency 191 Impacts of Mussels on Marine Ecosystems 194 Notes 198 References 199 5 Reproduction, Larval Development, Dispersal and Recruitment 219 Introduction 219 Sex Identification 219 Doubly Uniparental Inheritance and Sex Determination 221 Gametogenesis 222 Reproductive Cycles 225 Factors Controlling Reproduction 235 Reproductive Effort and Fecundity 242 Fertilisation and Gamete Compatibility 245 Larval Development 247 Factors Affecting Larval Growth 249 Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity 253 Settlement, Metamorphosis and Post-Larval Dispersal 259 Recruitment 263 Notes 267 References 267 6 Growth 296 Introduction 296 Measurement of Absolute Growth 296 Measurement of Allometric Growth 307 Scope for Growth and Dynamic Energy Budget Models 311 Growth Modulators 317 Notes 338 References 338 7 Physiology of the Circulatory, Respiratory and Excretory Systems 357 Cardiovascular System 357 Respiratory System 365 Excretory System 388 Notes 400 References 400 8 Mussels and Marine Environmental Contaminants 414 Introduction 414 Contaminants in the Marine Environment 416 Contaminant Levels in Seawater, Sediments and Biota 444 Kinetic Modeling in Contaminant Bioaccumulation 448 Mussel Monitoring Programmes 460 Biological Markers of Pollution 471 Notes 486 References 487 9 Population Genetics, Genomics and Selective Breeding 515 Introduction 515 Population Genetics 516 Mussel Genomics 553 Quantitative Genetics 567 Notes 578 References 579 10 Mussel Culture 603 Introduction 603 Wild Seed Collection 604 Hatchery Culture of Seed and Juvenile Mussels 605 Hatchery Culture of Mussels 615 Mussel Culture 630 Mussel Culture and the Environment 645 An Ecosystem Approach to Bivalve Culture 653 Notes 657 References 657 11 Diseases, Parasites and the Immune Response 675 Introduction 675 Viruses 675 Bacteria 677 Fungi 678 Protistans 682 Porifera 692 Platyhelminths 694 Annelids 703 Crustaceans 704 Neoplasia 711 Defence Mechanisms 714 Signal Transduction Pathways 725 Abiotic Effects on Mussel Immune Response 726 Notes 727 References 727 12 Mussels and Public Health 753 Introduction 753 Bacterial Infections 753 Viral Infections 759 Parasites 763 Biotoxins 766 Industrial Pollutants 779 Controls on the Production and Processing of Mussels and Other Bivalves 784 Monitoring and Quality Control 798 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point and its Application 800 Notes 805 References 805 Species Index 831 Subject Index 838

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Book SynopsisSUSTAINABLE FISHERY SYSTEMS An up-to-date and interdisciplinary guide to sustainable fisheries Fisheries, whether small-scale or large-scale, are filled with complexity and uncertainty. Making the right decisions to successfully manage fisheries for sustainability and resilience requires a systems approach including both natural and human elements, and their many interactions. To understand fisheries, and how they change over time, a diverse range of fishery knowledge must be brought together. Sustainable Fishery Systems, 2nd edition meets these needs. The new edition provides essential information that can be readily applied within government, community, industrial, academic and research settings. Sustainable Fishery Systems, 2nd edition retains the first edition's emphasis on themes such as sustainability, resilience, uncertainty, complexity, and conflict, and expands its treatment of topics that have, since the first edition's publication, become crucial to consider in the field Table of ContentsPreface and Guide to the Book xv Acknowledgements xviii Part I Fishery Systems 1 1 Introducing Fishery Systems 3 1.1 Sustainability and Resilience 3 1.2 Rationale for a Systems Approach 6 1.3 Fishery Systems as Social-Ecological Systems 7 1.4 Depicting Fishery Systems 10 1.4.1 Fishing Effort 10 1.4.2 Adding Dynamics 11 1.4.3 Adding Complexity 12 1.4.4 The Fishery System 13 1.4.5 Alternatives 14 1.5 Characterising Fishery Systems 18 1.5.1 Small-Scale Versus Large-Scale Fishery Systems 18 1.5.2 Spatial Scale and Time Scale 21 1.5.2.1 Spatial Scales 21 1.5.2.2 Time Scales 22 1.5.3 Other Approaches to Characterising Fishery Systems 23 1.6 Complexity 24 1.7 Next Steps 25 2 The Natural System: The Fish 27 2.1 What Is Caught in Fishery Systems? 28 2.1.1 Fishes 30 2.1.1.1 Inland (Freshwater) Fish 31 2.1.1.2 Pelagic Marine Fish 31 2.1.1.3 Demersal Marine Fish 32 2.1.2 Shellfish 33 2.1.3 Characteristics 37 2.2 Spatial Distribution of Fished Resources 38 2.3 Fish Dynamics 41 2.3.1 Single-Species Dynamics 41 2.3.2 Multi-Species Dynamics 45 3 The Natural System: Fishery Ecosystems 48 3.1 Ecosystems 48 3.1.1 Aquatic/Fishery Ecosystems 50 3.1.2 A Typology of Fishery Ecosystems 52 3.2 Biodiversity 55 3.3 The Physical–Chemical Environment 58 3.3.1 The Winds 58 3.3.2 Ocean Currents 59 3.3.3 Upwellings 61 3.3.4 Other Relatively Localised Phenomena 61 3.3.5 Physical Features 62 3.4 Dynamics of Fishery Ecosystems and the Biophysical Environment 62 4 The Human System: Fishers and Fishworkers 65 4.1 Fishers and Fishworkers 65 4.1.1 A Typology of Fishers 66 4.1.2 Women in Fishing 70 4.1.3 Fishworkers in the Post-Harvest Sector 73 4.1.4 Fisher Organisations 73 4.2 Fishing Methods 75 4.2.1 A Typology of Fishing Methods 75 4.2.1.1 Seines/Encircling Gear 77 4.2.1.2 Trawls and Other Towed/Dragged Gear 77 4.2.1.3 Gill Nets and Entangling Nets: Drift and Static Gear 77 4.2.1.4 Traps and Pots 78 4.2.1.5 Lines 78 4.2.1.6 Other Methods 78 4.2.2 The Choice of Fishing Method 79 4.2.2.1 Biological 80 4.2.2.2 Economic 80 4.2.2.3 Social and Governance 80 4.3 Fisher and Fleet Dynamics 80 4.3.1 Dynamics of Fishing Effort 81 4.3.2 Capital Dynamics and Fishing Capacity 83 4.3.3 Technological Dynamics 85 4.3.4 Fleet Dynamics 86 5 The Human System: Post-Harvest Aspects and Fishing Communities 89 5.1 The Post-Harvest Sector of the Fishery 89 5.1.1 Processing 92 5.1.2 Marketing and Markets 95 5.1.2.1 Marketing 95 5.1.2.2 Markets 96 5.1.3 Distribution and Trade 98 5.1.3.1 Distribution 98 5.1.3.2 Trade 98 5.1.4 Consumers 99 5.1.4.1 Consumer Preferences 99 5.1.4.2 Consumer Demand 100 5.1.5 Food Security 101 5.2 Fishing Households and Communities 102 5.2.1 Households 102 5.2.2 Communities 105 5.3 The Socioeconomic Environment 108 5.3.1 Links of Fishery Systems and Their Socioeconomic Environment 108 5.3.2 Labour 108 5.3.2.1 Labour Mobility 109 5.3.2.2 Effects on the Fishery 110 5.4 Post-Harvest and Fishing Community Dynamics 111 5.4.1 Dynamics of Markets and Consumer Demand 111 5.4.2 Dynamics of Communities and the Socioeconomic Environment 112 Part II The Fishery Governance and Management System 115 6 Fishery Governance 117 6.1 Rationale for Governance and Management 117 6.1.1 Open Access 118 6.1.2 The Need for Management 118 6.1.3 The Need for Participatory Management 119 6.2 Governance and Management 123 6.3 Fishery Values and Objectives 125 6.3.1 A Portfolio of Fishery Objectives 127 6.3.2 Objectives, Priorities, and Conflict 129 6.4 Fishery Management Institutions 131 6.4.1 Types and Roles of Institutions 131 6.4.2 The Choice of Institutions 132 6.4.3 Examples of Institutions 132 6.5 Governance of International Fisheries 137 6.6 Legal Framework 138 6.6.1 Legal Pluralism 139 6.7 Dynamics of Fishery Governance 140 7 Fishery Management 142 7.1 Time Scales of Management 143 7.2 Spatial Scales of Management 143 7.2.1 International Coordination 145 7.2.2 Decentralisation/Devolution 145 7.3 Appropriate Fishing Effort and Catch Levels 147 7.3.1 The Yield-Effort Curve 147 7.3.2 The Gordon–Schaefer Graph 149 7.3.3 Fishery Objectives Influence the Choice of Effort Levels 150 7.4 Developing a Portfolio of Fishery Management Measures 153 7.5 Implementation at the Operational Level 154 7.6 Fishery Enforcement 156 7.7 A Survey of Fishery Management Measures 157 7.7.1 Input (Effort) Controls 158 7.7.1.1 Limited Entry 158 7.7.1.2 Limiting the Capacity per Fisher or per Vessel 158 7.7.1.3 Limiting the Intensity of Operation 158 7.7.1.4 Limiting Time Fishing 158 7.7.1.5 Limiting the Location of Fishing 159 7.7.1.6 Challenges with Input Controls 160 7.7.2 Output (Catch) Controls 160 7.7.2.1 Total Allowable Catch 161 7.7.2.2 Individual Quotas 162 7.7.2.3 Community Quotas 162 7.7.2.4 Escapement Controls 163 7.7.2.5 Challenges with Output Controls 163 7.7.3 Technical Measures 164 7.7.3.1 Gear Restrictions 165 7.7.3.2 Size Limits 166 7.7.3.3 Closed Areas 166 7.7.3.4 Closed Seasons 167 7.7.4 Ecologically Based Management 168 7.7.4.1 Taxes and Royalties 169 7.7.5 Subsidies 170 7.8 Dynamics of Fishery Management 172 8 Fishery Development 174 8.1 Rationale for Fishery Development 174 8.2 Objectives of Fishery Development 175 8.3 Strategic Choices in Fishery Development 178 8.3.1 New Fisheries 178 8.3.2 Existing Fisheries 179 8.3.3 Integrated Development 180 8.4 Targeting Fishery Development 181 8.4.1 Needs Assessment 181 8.4.2 Positive Signs 181 8.4.3 Other Considerations 182 8.5 Options for Fishery Development 183 8.5.1 Direct Support to Fishing Activities 183 8.5.2 Institutional Enhancement 183 8.5.3 Training and Human Resource Development 183 8.5.4 Economics and Planning 184 8.5.5 Scientific, Assessment, Statistical, and Information Support 184 8.5.6 Fisheries Management and Monitoring/Control/Surveillance 184 8.5.7 Post-Harvest Support 185 8.6 Participatory Fishery Development 185 9 Fishery Knowledge 187 9.1 The Nature of Fishery Knowledge 188 9.2 The Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples, Fishers, and Communities 189 9.2.1 Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) 190 9.2.2 Indigenous Knowledge 190 9.2.3 Fisher Knowledge and Local Knowledge 192 9.3 Connecting Fisher/Local/Indigenous Knowledge with Fishery Science/ Research 195 9.4 Knowledge Within Institutions 198 9.4.1 Governments 198 9.4.2 International Agencies 199 9.4.3 Universities 199 9.4.4 Private Sector and Nongovernmental Organisations (NGOs) 200 9.5 Fishery Knowledge: The Natural System 200 9.5.1 Stock Assessment 201 9.5.1.1 Stock Assessment Process 201 9.5.1.2 Evolution of Stock Assessment: Single Species and Multi-Species 202 9.6 Fishery Knowledge: The Human System 205 9.7 The Nature of Knowledge Production 208 9.7.1 Disciplinary Knowledge 208 9.7.2 Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary, Transdisciplinary Approaches 209 9.7.2.1 Multidisciplinary 209 9.7.2.2 Interdisciplinary 209 9.7.2.3 Transdisciplinary 209 9.7.3 Pure (Basic) and Applied (Targeted) Knowledge 211 9.8 The Structure of Knowledge Production 211 9.8.1 Organized by Species 211 9.8.2 Organized by Function 212 9.8.3 Organized on a Geographical/Ecosystem Basis 213 9.9 Dynamics of Fishery Knowledge 213 Part III Three Major Challenges in Fishery Systems 215 10 Uncertainty in Fishery Systems 217 10.1 Sources of Uncertainty in Fishery Systems 218 10.1.1 Sources in the Natural System 218 10.1.2 Sources in the Human System 218 10.2 A Typology of Uncertainty 219 10.2.1 Introduction: The Stock–Recruitment Relationship 219 10.2.2 Randomness 220 10.2.3 Uncertainties in Data and Parameters 221 10.2.4 Structural Uncertainty 222 10.3 Linking Uncertainty and Dynamics 224 11 Conflict in Fishery Systems 227 11.1 Conflict over Priorities: Fishery Paradigms 229 11.1.1 The Conservation Paradigm 230 11.1.2 The Rationalisation Paradigm 230 11.1.3 The Social/Community Paradigm 231 11.1.4 Fishery Paradigms in Practice: Efficiency and Allocation 232 11.2 A Typology of Fishery Conflicts 234 11.2.1 Fishery Jurisdiction 235 11.2.2 Management Mechanisms 236 11.2.3 Internal Allocation 236 11.2.4 External Allocation Conflicts 237 11.2.4.1 Domestic Versus Foreign Fisheries 237 11.2.4.2 Fishers Versus Fish Farming (Aquaculture) 238 11.2.4.3 The Fishery Versus Competing Industries 239 12 Attitudes (The Story of a Fishery Collapse) 242 12.1 The Cod Collapse Experience 242 12.1.1 The Collapse 242 12.1.2 The Aftermath 243 12.1.3 Understanding the Collapse 244 12.1.4 Recovery? 245 12.1.5 The Future 246 12.2 Attitudes Underlying the Cod Collapse 246 12.2.1 The Role of the Regulator 247 12.2.2 Blame for the Collapse 248 12.2.3 The Burden of Proof 250 12.2.3.1 Stock Assessment 250 12.2.3.2 Fishing Gear 251 12.2.4 Conservation Can Wait 252 12.2.5 The Illusion of Certainty and the Fallacy of Controllability 254 12.2.6 Synthesis on Fishery Attitudes 256 Part IV Modern Strategies for Fishery Systems 259 13 Sustainability and Resilience 261 13.1 Sustainability 262 13.2 Resilience 265 13.3 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 268 13.4 Components of Sustainability and Resilience 268 13.5 Sustainability and Resilience of Institutions 273 13.5.1 Institutional Sustainability 273 13.5.2 Institutional Resilience 274 13.5.3 Institutional Effectiveness 275 13.6 Sustainability and Resilience within the Fishery System 277 13.6.1 Biodiversity 278 13.6.2 Fishing Fleets, Capacity, and Subsidies 279 13.6.3 Efficiency 282 13.6.4 Livelihood Diversity 283 13.6.4.1 Encourage Multi-Species Fisheries 284 13.6.4.2 Encourage Multiple Sources of Livelihood for Fishers 284 13.6.4.3 Diversify (Broaden the Base of) the Fishery-Dependent Economy 284 13.6.5 Post-Harvest and Fishing Communities 285 13.6.6 Fishery Objectives and Principles 285 13.6.7 Managing Conflict 286 13.7 Assessing Sustainability and Resilience in Fishery Systems 287 13.7.1 Sustainability Indicators 288 13.7.2 Resilience Assessment and Indicators 294 13.7.3 Developing a Framework of Indicators 296 14 Adaptive, Robust, and Precautionary Management 298 14.1 Uncertainty and Risk 298 14.2 Risk Assessment 299 14.3 Risk Management: Analytical Approaches 300 14.4 Adaptive Management and Robust Management 303 14.4.1 Adaptive Management 303 14.4.1.1 Flexibility 304 14.4.1.2 Adaptive Management Concepts and Methods 305 14.4.2 Structural Uncertainty and Robust Management 306 14.5 Moving to Robust, Adaptive Management 307 14.5.1 Avoiding the Illusion of Certainty 307 14.5.2 Avoiding the Fallacy of Controllability 308 14.5.3 Avoiding Lack of Robustness (Using a Management Portfolio) 309 14.6 The Precautionary Approach and the Burden of Proof 313 14.6.1 Approach Versus Principle 314 14.6.2 Implementing the Precautionary Approach 315 14.6.3 The Burden of Proof 316 14.6.4 Possible Applications of the Precautionary Approach and the Burden of Proof 316 14.6.4.1 The Stock–Recruitment Relationship 317 14.6.4.2 Over-Fishing Versus the Environment 317 14.6.4.3 Habitat Protection 318 15 The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries 321 15.1 Rationale for an Ecosystem Approach 321 15.2 History of an Ecosystem Approach 322 15.3 Scope of an Ecosystem Approach 325 15.4 The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) 328 15.5 Implementing EAF 330 15.5.1 Principles 331 15.5.2 Entry Points 332 15.5.3 Resources for Implementation 333 15.6 Implementing EAF: Human Dimensions 334 15.6.1 Components of Human Dimensions 335 15.6.1.1 Social 335 15.6.1.2 Cultural 336 15.6.1.3 Economic 336 15.6.1.4 Political 336 15.6.1.5 Legal and Institutional 336 15.6.2 Human Dimensions Across Scales 337 16 Rights-Based Approaches to Fisheries Management 341 16.1 The Rationale for Fishery Rights 341 16.2 Use Rights 342 16.3 Management Rights 345 16.4 Use Rights and Management Rights in Context 346 16.5 Rights Versus Ownership 350 16.6 The Commons 351 16.7 Human Rights 353 16.8 Practicalities of Use Rights 358 16.9 Forms of Use Rights 359 16.9.1 Customary Tenure/Territorial Use Rights in Fishing (TURFs) 359 16.9.2 Limited Entry 363 16.9.3 Effort (Input) Rights 364 16.9.4 Catch (Output) Quotas 366 16.9.4.1 Individual Quotas and ITQs 367 16.9.4.2 Concerns with ITQs 369 16.9.4.3 Community Quotas 370 16.9.5 Community-Based Use Rights 371 16.10 Use Rights Issues: Initial Allocation 374 16.11 Use Rights Issues: Transferability 375 16.11.1 Efficiency 376 16.11.2 Social Cohesion 377 16.11.3 Concentration of Rights 377 16.12 Choosing a Use Rights System 379 17 Co-management and Community-Based Management 382 17.1 Fishery Co-management 382 17.1.1 Who Is Involved in Co-management? 383 17.1.2 Goals of Co-management 386 17.1.3 Forms of Co-management 386 17.1.3.1 Fisher–Government Co-management 387 17.1.3.2 Community-Based Co-management 388 17.1.3.3 Multi-Stakeholder Co-management 391 17.1.4 Levels of Co-management 393 17.1.5 Co-management and Components of Fishery Management 395 17.1.6 Discussion 397 17.2 Community-Based Fishery Management 397 17.2.1 What Is Community-Based Fishery Management? 398 17.2.2 Rationale for Community-Based Fishery Management 399 17.2.3 What Is Involved in Community-Based Fishery Management? 400 17.2.4 Experiences with Community-Based Fishery Management 401 17.2.5 Community-Based Conservation 403 17.2.6 Community Science 406 17.2.7 Factors of Success in Community-Based Fishery Management 407 Part V Fisheries and the Bigger Picture 411 18 Fisheries and Marine Protected Areas 413 18.1 Fishery Closed Areas 413 18.2 Nongovernmental (Informal) Protected Areas 414 18.3 Marine Protected Areas and OECMs 415 18.4 International Agreements 417 18.5 Types of MPAs and OECMs 418 18.5.1 No-Take MPAs 419 18.5.2 Zoned MPAs 419 18.5.3 Local/Community MPAs 421 18.5.4 Large-Scale MPAs 422 18.5.5 MPA Networks 422 18.6 Design of MPAs 423 18.7 Fishery Benefits and Costs of MPAs and OECMs 424 18.7.1 Examples of Possible Benefits of MPAs 425 18.7.2 Examples of Possible Costs of MPAs 425 18.8 Interactions of MPAs and OECMs with Fisheries 426 18.8.1 Objectives 427 18.8.2 Policy Linkages 428 18.8.3 Governance 428 18.8.4 Rights 429 18.8.5 Participation and Co-management 429 18.8.6 Community-Based Approaches 431 18.8.7 Knowledge 432 18.8.8 Livelihoods 432 18.9 MPAs as a Fisheries Management Tool 433 19 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 437 19.1 Introduction 437 19.2 A Brief History of Biodiversity Conservation in a Fishery Context 437 19.3 Fisheries and Endangered Species 439 19.3.1 Bycatch 440 19.3.2 Turtles 441 19.3.3 Marine Mammals 442 19.3.3.1 Baleen Whales 442 19.3.3.2 Dolphins 443 19.3.3.3 Seals 444 19.3.4 Seahorses 444 19.4 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 445 19.4.1 The Fisheries ‘Stream’ and the Biodiversity Conservation ‘Stream’ 446 19.4.2 Tensions Between the Fisheries and Biodiversity Streams 447 19.4.3 Common Ground of Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 448 19.5 Opportunities Across Scales for Linking Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 449 19.5.1 Global 449 19.5.2 Regional 451 19.5.3 National 451 19.5.4 Local 452 19.6 Incentives and Opportunities 453 19.7 CBD and IPBES 454 20 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 456 20.1 Fisheries, Competing Uses and the Need for Management of Multiple Sectors 456 20.2 Integrated Management 459 20.3 Marine Spatial Planning 462 20.4 Ocean Zoning 464 20.5 Blue Economy 466 20.6 Some Common Features of Multi-Sectoral Approaches 467 20.6.1 Rationale 467 20.6.2 Institutional Framework 467 20.6.3 Spatial Delimitation 468 20.6.4 Scale 468 20.7 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 468 20.7.1 Benefits of Linking Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 468 20.7.1.1 Dealing with Externalities 469 20.7.1.2 Highlighting the Fishery Voice 469 20.7.1.3 Spatial Management 469 20.7.2 Concerns in Fisheries about Multi-Sectoral Management 470 20.7.2.1 Access and Power 470 20.7.2.2 Funding 470 20.7.2.3 Time Constraints 470 20.7.2.4 Dilution 471 20.7.2.5 Environmental Concerns 471 20.7.3 Linking Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 473 20.7.3.1 Objectives 473 20.7.3.2 Values 473 20.7.3.3 Boundaries 474 20.7.3.4 Spatial and Organisational Scale 475 20.7.3.5 Institutions 477 20.7.3.6 Human Angles and Participatory Approaches 477 20.7.3.7 Benefits and Costs 478 20.7.3.8 Knowledge 479 21 Fisheries and Climate Change 481 21.1 Impacts of Climate Change 481 21.1.1 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Impacts of Climate Change 482 21.1.2 Effects of Climate Change on Human Dimensions of the Fishery System 482 21.1.3 Differential Impacts of Climate Change 485 21.2 Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity 486 21.3 Responses to Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation 487 21.4 Responses to Climate Change: Mitigation 489 21.5 Responses to Climate Change: Adaptation 490 21.5.1 Types of Adaptation 492 21.5.2 Community-Based Adaptation 494 21.5.3 Differential Impacts and Benefits of Climate Adaptation 496 21.5.4 Adaptation of Fishery Management and Governance to Climate Change 498 21.5.5 Making Management and Governance more Adaptive, Flexible, and Robust 500 Part VI Conclusions 503 22 Sustaining Fisheries into the Future 505 22.1 A Review of Fishery Systems 505 22.2 A Review of Fishery Sustainability and Resilience 506 22.3 Making Fishery Governance and Management Effective 507 22.3.1 Institutions 507 22.3.2 Robust, Adaptive, and Precautionary Management 508 22.3.3 Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries 509 22.3.4 Rights 509 22.3.5 Co-management 510 22.3.6 Community-Based Management 510 22.4 The Bigger Picture Around the Fishery System 511 22.4.1 Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation 511 22.4.2 Fisheries, MPAs, and OECMs 512 22.4.3 Fisheries and Multi-Sectoral Management 512 22.4.4 Fisheries and Climate Change 513 22.5 A Closing Note 514 Appendix A Atlantic Canada’s Groundfish Fishery System 516 Appendix B Models of Fishery Systems 524 Appendix C Developing a Framework of Fishery Indicators 538 References 547 Index 630

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Book SynopsisComprehensive reference on the diseases and applied epidemiology of all aquatic animal taxa, including invertebrates and vertebrates Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases for Practitioners provides information on the diseases and applied epidemiology of all aquatic animal taxa, including invertebrates and vertebrates, along with information on applied epidemiology, acknowledging the One Health concept, and discussion on probabilities of disease outbreaks occurring and assesses the economic costs of treating those outbreaks, if applicable. Divided into two sections, the book looks at the pathology of major aquatic taxa and their associated infectious diseasesparasitic, viral, and bacterialand non-infectious diseases. Each includes an overview, their host range and transmission, signs and diagnosis, differentials, and treatment and management. These assets are accompanied by clinical signs-lesion differential charts. Sample topics discussed in Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases include: Echinoderms, including crinoidea (crinoids, sea lilies, feather stars, and asteroidea), sea stars/starfish, and ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars)Reptiles, including turtles (freshwater and marine), crocodilians, marine iguanas, and sea snakesPinnipeds, including otariidae (eared seals), odobenidae (walruses), phocidae (earless seals), mustelidae (otters), and sirenia (manatees and dugongs)Tropical marine aquarium fish (damselfish, angelfish, gobies, wrasses, parrotfish, butterfly fish, and clownfish) and anemones. A highly useful reference for veterinary practitioners, academic staff, and researchers, Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases is also suitable for those who are interested in aquatic veterinary medicine and serves as a companion to Fundamentals of Aquatic Veterinary Medicine, written by the same editorial team.Trade Review"llustrated throughout in full color, "Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases for Practitioners" is a comprehensive and thoroughly 'user friendly' reference for veterinary students, veterinary practitioners, academic staff, and and aquatic life researchers. Unreservedly recommended for personal, professional, community, and college/university library Aquatic Veterinary collections"- Library Bookwatch, Midwest book Review, 28/11 (Nov 23)"Exceptionally well organized and presented and a highly useful reference for veterinary medicine practitioners, academic staff, and researchers, "Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases for Practitioners" is also suitable for anyone interested in aquatic veterinary medicine...unreservedly recommended as a core addition to professional, college, and university Veterinarian Medicine collections."- Paul T. Vogel, MBR Bookwatch, Midwest Book Review, 22/6 (June 2023)Table of ContentsList of Contributors xxi Foreword xxii Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxiv Part I Pathology of Aquatic Animal Species 1 1 Aquatic Invertebrates 3Acacia Alcivar-Warren, Kelly Bateman, Morag Clinton, Leo Foyle, Gregory Lewbart, Richmond Loh, and Julius Tepper 2 Teleost Fish 81Laura Urdes and Marius Hangan 3 Amphibians 115María J. Forzán 4 Reptiles 136Karina Jones and Ellen Ariel 5 Aquatic Birds 177Nicole M. Nemeth 6 Aquatic Mammals 214Pádraig Duignan Part II Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics 351 7 Epidemiology Keyword Refresher 353Chris Walster and Leo Foyle 8 Diagnostics: Sampling and Diagnostic Testing 376Chris Walster and Leo Foyle 9 Biosecurity: The Use of Risk Assessment, Surveillance, Outbreak Investigation, Modelling Disease Outbreaks 382Chris Walster and Leo Foyle 10 Animal Health Economics 404Chris Walster and Leo Foyle Index 415

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Book SynopsisAquaculture Landscapes explores the landscape architecture of farms, reefs, parks, and cities that are designed to entwine the lives of fish and humans.In the twenty-first century, aquaculture's contribution to the supply of fish for human consumption exceeds that of wild-caught fish for the first time in history. Aquaculture has emerged as the fastest growing food production sector in the world, but aquaculture has agency beyond simply converting fish to food. Aquaculture Landscapes recovers aquaculture as a practice with a deep history of constructing extraordinary landscapes. These landscapes are characterized and enriched by multispecies interdependency, performative ecologies, collaborative practices, and aesthetic experiences between humans and fish. Aquaculture Landscapes presents over thirty contemporary and historical landscapes, spanning six continents, with incisive diagrams and vivid photographs. Within this expansive scope is a focusTrade Review"Aquaculture Landscapes is a breath-taking book—full of historical drawings, ingenious diagrams, and superb photography—that demonstrates how we can revolutionize our relationships with aquatic life. Grounded in multispecies urban theory and dreams of coexistence instead of exploitation, Ezban offers both concrete examples and speculative designs from around the world that will transform landscape architecture practice. His book is the first to not only argue for a post-human urbanism, but to demonstrate how landscape architects can go about creating a zoopolitan urbanism for the future. Aquaculture Landscapes is a must-read for all landscape architecture students, faculty, and professionals." —Jennifer Wolch, Dean, College of Environmental Design, UC Berkeley, USA"Michael Ezban presents an original and informative book on an extremely intriguing subject: aquaculture landscapes—fish farms as seen through the lens of contemporary landscape architecture. His work opens and invites us all into vast and exciting new territory for landscape architecture practice. Through examination of public landscapes where nutrient cycling, biological conservation, remediation, and vernacular farming practices combine to inspire a sense of wonder and pleasure, Aquaculture Landscapes illustrates both the art of survival and the art beyond survival." —Kongjian Yu, Dean and Professor, Graduate School of Landscape Architecture, Peking University & China President, Turenscape"We are all born of water, and our primordial relationship with aquatic ecologies endures. In this lush volume, Michael Ezban both plumbs the depths and surfaces common currents to reveal an aqueous terrain worthy of navigation for the Anthropocene. Through rigorous historical research and insightful contemporary precedents from aquaculture to angling, Aquaculture Landscapes offers fresh thinking and timely designs for a richer, more biodiverse world. Ezban’s design research intelligently articulates how we might materially and metaphorically cohabit with our oldest of relatives—the fish—and other species beyond the human."—Nina-Marie E. Lister, Graduate Program Director, School of Urban + Regional Planning, Ryerson University, Canada"Aquaculture Landscapes is a thoughtful, articulate, forward-thinking contribution to a deeply problematic yet still growing sector of food production. Combining intelligent prose with illuminating illustrations, Michael Ezban presents an alluring vision for how new, ecologically and ethically sensitive systems can—indeed, must—be designed for a liveable future. With what I’ve seen of the state of contemporary industrial aquaculture, this is a much-needed blueprint." —Jonathan Balcombe, author of What a Fish Knows"We are all born of water, and our primordial relationship with aquatic ecologies endures. In this lush volume, Michael Ezban both plumbs the depths and surfaces common currents to reveal an aqueous terrain worthy of navigation for the Anthropocene. Through rigorous historical research and insightful contemporary precedents from aquaculture to angling, Aquaculture Landscapes offers fresh thinking and timely designs for a richer, more biodiverse world. Ezban’s design research intelligently articulates how we might materially and metaphorically cohabit with our oldest of relatives—the fish—and other species beyond the human." —Nina-Marie E. Lister, Graduate Program Director, School of Urban & Regional Planning, Ryerson University, Canada"Aquaculture Landscapes is an incredible achievement! Michael Ezban’s beautiful maps, diagrams, and renderings unpack the diverse and integrated worlds that humans and fish inhabit. This book is a celebration of our ingenious and resourceful history as humans guiding and cultivating the aquatic landscape." —James Prosek, author of Eels"We are ecological beings. We interact with our fellow humans as well as with other species and our environments. But our interactions with other species tend to be one-sided: we take much more than we give. In Aquaculture Landscapes, Michael Ezban takes compelling deep dives into cohabited landscapes from around the world, and he offers a hopeful vision for how we might rebalance and reconfigure our relationships with fish and other aquatic life through design." —Frederick Steiner, Dean, Stuart Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, USA"The work is a visual feast with something to lure every reader: landscape historian, urban ecology, entrepreneurial fish farmer, or landscape architect...Ezban's descriptions of contemporary projects provide a conceptual spine for 15 beautifully illustrated case studies - the tour de force of the book." —Nathan Heavers, Landscape Architecture Magazine, November 2019"The work is a visual feast with something to lure every reader: landscape historian, urban ecology, entrepreneurial fish farmer, or landscape architect...Ezban's descriptions of contemporary projects provide a conceptual spine for 15 beautifully illustrated case studies - the tour de force of the book." —Nathan Heavers, Landscape Architecture Magazine, November 2019"Aquaculture Landscapes is a breath-taking book—full of historical drawings, ingenious diagrams, and superb photography—that demonstrates how we can revolutionize our relationships with aquatic life. Grounded in multispecies urban theory and dreams of coexistence instead of exploitation, Ezban offers both concrete examples and speculative designs from around the world that will transform landscape architecture practice. His book is the first to not only argue for a post-human urbanism, but to demonstrate how landscape architects can go about creating a zoöpolitan urbanism for the future. Aquaculture Landscapes is a must-read for all landscape architecture students, faculty, and professionals."—Jennifer Wolch, Dean, College of Environmental Design, UC Berkeley, USA"Michael Ezban presents an original and informative book on an extremely intriguing subject: aquaculture landscapes—fish farms as seen through the lens of contemporary landscape architecture. His work opens and invites us all into vast and exciting new territory for landscape architecture practice. Through examination of public landscapes where nutrient cycling, biological conservation, remediation, and vernacular farming practices combine to inspire a sense of wonder and pleasure, Aquaculture Landscapes illustrates both the art of survival and the art beyond survival."—Kongjian Yu, Dean and Professor, Graduate School of Landscape Architecture, Peking University, China, President, Turenscape"Aquaculture Landscapes is a thoughtful, articulate, forward-thinking contribution to a deeply problematic yet still growing sector of food production. Combining intelligent prose with illuminating illustrations, Michael Ezban presents an alluring vision for how new, ecologically and ethically sensitive systems can—indeed, must—be designed for a liveable future. With what I’ve seen of the state of contemporary industrial aquaculture, this is a much-needed blueprint."—Jonathan Balcombe, author of What a Fish Knows"We are all born of water, and our primordial relationship with aquatic ecologies endures. In this lush volume, Michael Ezban both plumbs the depths and surfaces common currents to reveal an aqueous terrain worthy of navigation for the Anthropocene. Through rigorous historical research and insightful contemporary precedents from aquaculture to angling, Aquaculture Landscapes offers fresh thinking and timely designs for a richer, more biodiverse world. Ezban’s design research intelligently articulates how we might materially and metaphorically cohabit with our oldest of relatives—the fish—and other species beyond the human."—Nina-Marie E. Lister, Graduate Program Director, School of Urban & Regional Planning, Ryerson University, Canada"Aquaculture Landscapes is an incredible achievement! Michael Ezban’s beautiful maps, diagrams, and renderings unpack the diverse and integrated worlds that humans and fish inhabit. This book is a celebration of our ingenious and resourceful history as humans guiding and cultivating the aquatic landscape."—James Prosek, author of Eels"We are ecological beings. We interact with our fellow humans as well as with other species and our environments. But our interactions with other species tend to be one-sided: we take much more than we give. In Aquaculture Landscapes, Michael Ezban takes compelling deep dives into cohabited landscapes from around the world, and he offers a hopeful vision for how we might rebalance and reconfigure our relationships with fish and other aquatic life through design."—Frederick Steiner, Dean, Stuart Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, USATable of ContentsIntroduction: Aquacultures PART ONE: Situating Aquaculture Landscapes Designing Ichthyological Urbanism PART TWO: Surveying Aquaculture Landscapes Overview of Aquaculture Landscapes Case Studies 01 Fishponds of the Třeboň Basin, Czech Republic 02 Esteros in the Bay of Cádiz, Spain 03 Wetland Basins in the Doñana Nature Reserve, Spain 04 Valli of Comacchio, Italy 05 Piscina of Sperlonga, Italy 06 Piscifactoire of Huningue, France 07 Grotto Aquarium in Paris, France 08 Acadjas at Lake Nokoué, Benin 09 Bheries of the East Kolkata Wetlands, India 10 Dike-Pond System of the Pearl River Delta, China 11 Rice-Fish Terraces of Longxian Village, China 12 Gei Wai in the Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong 13 Savanna Weirs of Baures, Bolivia 14 Tailwater Fisheries at Wolf Creek Dam, United States 15 Ahupua’a of the Hawaiian Islands, United States PART THREE: Depicting Aquaculture Landscapes Representations of Aquaculture Landscapes

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Book SynopsisCovering all aspects of subsistence and commercial aquaculture as practiced across the globe, this fully revised new edition from two leading world authorities in the field is set in two parts: principles and practices, and covers in detail recent developments in: History and planning Nutrition Reproduction and genetic selection Production statistics and economics Integrated aquaculture Sustainability and environmental effects (new chapter) All cultured species groups are addressed, from freshwater and marine fish to shellfish and seaweeds. Essential new facts and data have been included throughout. This comprehensive work is an essential purchase for all those studying aquaculture and is a valuable source of reference for all personnel involved in the aquaculture industry; including those working in fish farms, research institutions, teaching posts in universities and commercial establishments sucTrade Review"The new edition of Aquaculture: Principles and Practices is a useful addition to the literature, and it is suitable as a textbook for college and university courses." Aquaculture International “The first edition of this fins book was reviewed on these pages some fifteen years ago. …now it has simply grown much bigger and better. If you want an overview of the international aquaculture industry…this is your reference. A wonderful, highly detailed and very useful overview of the global aquaculture scene” Ausmarine, May 2006 "The new edition is fully revised and covers recent developments in history and planning, nutrition, reproduction and genetic selection, production statistics and economics, integrated aquaculture and sustainability and environmental effects." CAB Abstracts 'This book covers all aspects of subsistence and commercial aquaculture practised around the world and would be of use to aquaculture students and those involved in the aquaculture industry and fish farms, research institutions, teaching, and aquaculture equipment and feed suppliers.' www.cabi.orgTable of ContentsPart 1: Principles of aquaculture: Basis of aquaculture;. History of aquaculture and its present state;. National planning of aquaculture development;. Selection of sites for aquaculture;. Selection of species for culture;. Design and construction of aquafarms;. Nutrition and feeds;. Reproduction and genetic selection;. Health and diseases;. Control of weeds, pests and predators;. Harvesting and post-harvest technology;. Marketing of aquaculture products;. Economics and financing of aquaculture;. Farm management;. Part II: Aquaculture practices: Carps;. Trouts and salmons;. Catfishes;. Eels;. Tilapias;. Grey mullets and milkfish;. Yellowtail;. Sea-basses and sea-breams;. Other finfish;. Shrimps and prawns;. Crayfishes and crabs;. Oysters and mussels;. Clams, scallops and abalones;. Seaweeds;. Integration of aquaculture with crop and livestock farming;. Stocking of open waters and ranching

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Book SynopsisSince the first edition of this book, 17 years ago, aquaculture has consolidated its position as an important means of producing food and as a contributor to global food security. Cage aquaculture too has continued to expand apace. The third edition of this important, useful and well-received book maintains the original aim of providing a thorough synthesis of information on cages and cage aquaculture practices with data and examples encompassing all major world regions. Fully updated, the book's comprehensive contents include details of the origin and principles of cage aquaculture and an overview of its current position. Contents of the chapters following include key information on cage design and construction, site selection, environmental impacts and environmental capacity, management, and potential problems in cage aquaculture systems. A comprehensive reference list and index are included to help readers. The volume is essentialTrade Review“This is the third edition of a book first published seven years ago. The book and cage aquaculture have come a long way in that time. Doctor Beveridge’s book is quite simply the key text book for the fast growing cage aquaculture industry. The latest edition describes all the most recent developments in this increasingly important and very fast developing sector of the marine industry” Review appeared in: Ausmarine (incorporating Professional Fisherman),and Fishing Boat World, both 2006 "This review of fish culture in cages thoroughly discusses water-based systems of aquaculture. The author characterizes and elaborates advantages and disadvantages relative to land-based systems such as ponds and raceways... The book is logically organized and clearly written." Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006Table of ContentsPREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 1 CAGE AQUACULTURE - ORIGINS AND PRINCIPLES. 1.1 Principles of aquaculture. 1.2 Rearing facilities. 1.3 The origins of cage culture. 2 CAGE AQUACULTURE - AN OVERVIEW. 2.1 Diversity of cage types. 2.2 Cages and cage aquaculture. 2.3 Cage culture and aquaculture. 2.4 Advantages and disadvantages of cage culture. 3 CAGE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. 3.1 Size, shape and materials. 3.2 Traditional designs. 3.3 Modern designs. Appendix 3.1 Current force on a single panel of a net cage (from Løland 1993a). Appendix 3.2 Example of computation of cage flotation computation. Appendix3.3 Calculation of the buoyancy of a 3 x 3 x 3 m bamboo cage (see Section 3.3.2). 4 SITE SELECTION. 4.1 Environmental criteria for farmed aquatic species. 4.2 Environmental criteria for cages. 4.3 Site facilities and management. 4.4 Concluding remarks. 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY. 5.1 Resource consumptiion. 5.2 The cage aquaculture process. 5.3 Wastes. 5.4 Modelling environmental capacity. Appendix 5.1 Example of intensive cage rainbow trout production assessment for a temperate natural lake. Appendix 5.2 Example of extensive cage tilapia production for a tropical reservoir. Appendix 5.3 Example of semi‑intensive cage tilapia production assessment for a tropical lake. 6 MANAGEMENT. 6.1 Transport and stocking. 6.2 Feeds and feeding. 6.3 Routine management. 7 PROBLEMS. 7.1 Currents. 7.2 Disease. 7.3 Drifting objects. 7.4 Fouling. 7.5 Oxygen. 7.6 Security. 7.7 Predators and scavengers. 7.8 Wastes. 7.9 Weather and climate. Appendix 7.1 Example of calculation for aeration system design for freshwater rainbow trout cage. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe collapse of many of the World's fisheries continues to be of major concern and the enhancement of fish stocks through techniques such as ranching is of huge importance and interest across the globe. This important book, which contains fully peer reviewed and carefully edited papers from the 2nd International Symposium in Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching is broadly divided into sections covering the following areas: The present situation of stock enhancement Seed quality and techniques for effective stocking Health management of hatchery stocks Methods for evaluating stocking effectiveness Population management in stock enhancement and sea ranching Management of stocked populations Ecological interactions with wild stocks Genetic management of hatchery and wild stocks Socio-economics ofTrade Review"A very important book about a very important subject. Sea ranching, quite clearly, represents a large part of the future of the global seafood industry. This all-encompassing book, which comprises forty well considered papers looks at many of those problems and offers numerous solutions to them." Professional Fisherman “This book brings an enormous amount of information on past experiences and ongoing studies into one easy-to-read source. .[it] is an excellent compendium of often hard-to-find published examples…Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching is a well-prepared and timely book...an excellent survey of activities and issues…will be very valuable as a reference source for anyone interested in stock enhancement and sea ranching.” Fish and Fisheries, 2005 "...the book does provide a broad and up to date overview of the state of marine stock enhancement research. Those directly involved in the field will want it on the shelves, and subject libraries should have it available for reference." Journal of Fish Biology, December 2005 "This book is an excellent overview of the current state of artificial supplementation of marine fisheries and outlines current debates for responsible use of this technology." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2005 "This authoritative volume, which contains 40 fully peer-reviewed papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching, held in Japan, is essential reading for anyone interested in 'the state of the art' of stock enhancement and sea ranching." African Journal of Aquatic Science, 2005 Table of ContentsPreface. Section One: Present Situation of Stock Enhancement. Chapter 1 Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching as an integrated part of Coastal Zone Management in Norway - Erlend Moksness. Chapter 2 Marine Stock Enhancement in the USA: Status, Trends and Needs - Kenneth M Leber. Chapter 3 Global Warming, aquaculture, and commercial fisheries - Richard J Beamish and Donald J Noakes. Chapter 4 Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching in Developing Countries - Devin M Bartley, Abraham Born and Anton Immink. Section Two: Seed Quality and Techniques for Effective Stocking. Chapter 5 Why Juvenile Quality and Release Strategies are Important Factors for Success in Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching - Terje Svåsand. Chapter 6 Feats and Defeats in Flatfish Stocking: Determinants for Effective Stocking - Josianne G Støttrup. Chapter 7 Behavioural Approaches to Fish Stock Enhancement: A practical Review - Reiji Masuda. Chapter 8 Lessons in Marine Fish Enhancement: Experiences with Pacific Salmon - C V W Mahnken, W T Farigrieve, F W Waknitz, D J Maynard, and H L Blankenship. Chapter 9 Releasing Technique in Stipped Jack Marine Ranching: Pre-release Acclimation and Presence of Decoys to Improve Recapture Rates - Hiroshi Kuwada, Reihi Masuda, Takashi Kobayashi, Takayuki Kogane, Taeko Miyazaki, Keinosuke Imaizumi and Katsumi Tsukamoto. Section Three: Health Management of Hatchery Stocks. Chapter 10 Fish Health Management in Seed Production - Keiichi Mushiake and Kiyokuni Muroga. . Section Four: Methods for Evaluating Stocking Effectiveness. Chapter 11 An Independent Scientific Evaluation of Washington State Salmonid Hatcheries - H Lee Blankenship and Michael A Kern. Chapter 12 Experimental Ecological Tests with Stocked Marine Fish - John M Miller and Carl J Walters. Chapter 13 Examining Genetic Effect Hypothoses of Hatchery Fish on Wild Populations - Shuichi Kitada and Hirohisa Kishino. Chapter 14 Behaviour of Ongrown Juvenile Spiny Lobsters, Jasus edwardsii After Reseeding to a Coastal Reef in Tasmania, Australia - David J Mills, Caleb Gardner and Sam Ibbott. Chapter 15 Juvenile Release and Market Size Recapture of the Swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus (Miers) Marked with Coded Wire Tags - Kazutoshi Okamoto. Chapter 16 Evaluation of Stock Enhancement Programs for Masu Salmon in Hokkaido, Northern Japan, by Two-stage Sampling Surveys of Commercial Landings - Yasuyuki Miyakoshi, Mitsuhiro Nagata, Kei-ichi Sugiwaka and Shuichi Kitada. Section Five: Population Management in Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching. Chapter 17 Population Management in Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching -Ray Hilborn. Section Six: Management of Stocked Populations. Chapter 18 Management of Restocking and Stock Enhancement Programs: The Need for Different Approaches - Johann Bell. Chapter 19 Regional Non-Profit Corporations – An Institutional Model for Stock Enhancement - William W Smoker. Chapter 20 Management Options for Restocked Trochus Fisheries - Steven W Purcell . . Section Seven: Ecological Interactions with Wild Stocks. Chapter 21 Evaluation of the Biological Interaction between Wild and Hatchery Population for Sustainable Fisheries Management of Pacific Salmon - Masahide Kaeriyama and Rizalita R Edpalina. Chapter 22 Risk/Benefit Considerations for Marine Stock Enhancement: A Pacific Salmon Perspective - Robin S Waples and Jonathan Drake . Chapter 23 Effects of Hatchery Releases and Environmental Variation on Wild-stock Productivity: Consequences for Sea Ranching of Pink Salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska - Alex C Wertheimer, William R Heard and William W Smoker. Section Eight: Genetic Management of Hatchery and Wild Stocks. Chapter 24 Broodstock Management for Stock Enhancement Programs of Marine Fish with Assistance of DNA Marker (a Review) - Nobuhiko Taniguchi. Chapter 25 Genetic Studies in Marine Stock Enhancement in Norway - Knut E Jørstad. Chapter 26 Stock Structure and Effective Size of Red Drum (Sciaenops Ocellatus) in the Northern Gulf of Mexico and Implications Relative to Stock Enhancement and Recruitment - John R Gold. Chapter 27 Natural Selection After Release from a Hatchery Leads to Domestication in Steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss - Reg Reisenbichler, Steve Rubin, Lisa Wetzel and Steve Phelps. Section Nine: Socio-economics of Stock Enhancement. Chapter 28 Averting Food Crisis in the 21st Century: The Role of Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching - I Chiu Liao . Chapter 29 The Role of Stock Enhancement in the Management Framework for New Zealand’s Southern Scallop Fishery - Kim Drummond. Section Ten: Case Studies. Chapter 30 Enhancing the European Lobster (Homarus gammarus) Stock at Kvitsøy Islands: Perspectives of Rebuilding Norwegian Stocks - A L Agnalt, K E Jørstad, T Kristiansen, E Nøstvold, E Farestveit, H Næss, O I Paulsen and T Svåsand. Chapter 31 The Decline of Global Abalone (Geneus Haliotis) Production in the Late Twentieth Century: Is There a Future? - Jeremy D Prince. Chapter 32 An Approach to Evaluating the Potential for Stock Enhancement of Brown Tiger Prawns (Penaeus Esculentus Haswell) in Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia - Neil R Loneeragan, Peter J Crocos, Roger Barnard, Richard Mcculloch, James W Penn, Robert D Ward and Peter C Rothlisberg. Chapter 33 Stock Enhancement of the Short-spined Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in Hokkaido, Japan - Yuichi Sakai, Ken-Ichiro Tajima and Yukio Agatsuma. Chapter 34 Enhancement of Pacific Threadfin (Polydactylus Sexfilis) in Hawaii: Interactions between Aquaculture and Fisheries - David A Ziemann. Chapter 35 Stock Enhancement of Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch) in a Coastal River System in Northern Australia: Stocking Strategies, Survival and Cost-benefits - D J Russell, M A Rimmer, A J McDougall, S E Kistle and W L Johnston. Chapter 36 Stocking Effectiveness of Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Released in Yamada Bay Evaluated by a Fish Market Census - Masahiro Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Okouchi and Junichi Adachi . Section Eleven: Posters. Chapter 37 A Behavioural Character During the Metamorphosing Stage Can Predict the Growth Performance of Juvenile Stage in Japanese Flounder - Yoshitaka Sakakura, Katsumi Tsukamoto and Atsushi Hagiwara. Chapter 38 Recapture Rates of Released Hatchlings of Giant Cuttlefish Sepia Latimantus Quoy and Gaimard - Masakazu Oka, Takashi Yamashita, Shin-Ichi Osumi and Katsuyuki Hamasaki. Chapter 39 Development of a Nursery Reef for Released Juvenile Redspotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara - Shigenobu Okumura, Seiichi Tsumura and Keigo Maruyama. Chapter 40 Release Strategies in Scallop (Pecten maximus) Sea Ranching Vulnerable to Crab Predation - O Strand, E S Grefsrud, G A Haugum, G Bakke, E Helland, T Helland

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Book SynopsisThe scallop farming industry continues to expand, providing an important global source of food and revenue. In recent decades over-fishing has caused a decline in wild stocks and as consumer demand increases, the opportunities for new and existing scallop farming ventures are greater than ever before. In this important new edition, experienced scallop farmer David Hardy offers the reader: Practically oriented advice New technical, environmental and legislative information Key information for running a successful farming operation Scallop Farming, 2nd Editionis an essential tool for all those working in the scallop farming industry and will be an important source of reference for equipment manufacturers and suppliers, traders and policy makers, environmental and marine scientists and universities and research establishments where these areas are studiedTrade Review"Scallop Farming (2nd ed.) serves as an 'all-purpose' guide to not only scallop farming, but also shellfish farming in general. It provides vital intorductory information for industry newcomers, it will no doubt expose experienced farmers to some new ideas. This book could be a good catalyst for renewing interest in scallop farming." Matt Liutkus and Joanne Power, St Andrews Biological Station, University of New Brunswick. “…an important reference tool…provides vital information for industry newcomers…[and] it will expose experienced farmers to new ideas…could be a good catalyst for renewing interest…” Aquatic Association of Canada NewsletterTable of ContentsSection 1 General information. Chapter 1 A bit of background information about the species. Chapter 2 The farm environment and its microscopic inhabitants. Chapter 3 Scallop biology and ecology. Section 2 Hands on. Chapter 4 Choosing a site. Chapter 5 Collecting spat. Chapter 6 Getting underway. Chapter 7 Methods of cultivation. Chapter 8 Moorings. Chapter 9 Design and manufacture of equipment. Chapter 10 Diving work. Section 3 Getting down to business. Chapter 11 To collect or not to collect. Chapter 12 Farming logistics. Chapter 13 The business of farming. Chapter 14 More strings to our bow. Chapter 15 Marketing, handling and processing

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Book SynopsisAtlantic Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North Atlantic range; it is the focus of probably the World's highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World's largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation. This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of Atlantic salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the Atlantic Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with Atlantic salmon.Trade Review'One of the main objectives of this book was to discuss the latest developments in salmon genetics, conservation and management in a comprehensible manner as far as non-geneticists are concerned. This objective has been achieved and achieved well. This book is sure to find a big following among those involved with Atlantic salmon culture in every respect. It will also be enormously useful to anyone involved with every other type of cage aquaculture.' Cision Ausmarine, July 2007 Work Boat World, October 2007 “This book comprises the work of an international team, carefully integrated to provide a landmark book of vital interest to those working with Atlantic salmon.” -Seafood InternationalTable of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. E. Verspoor. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Genetics, management and conservation. 1.2 Purpose of this book. 1.3 Organisation of this book. 1.4 Summary and conclusions. Part I Background. 2 The Atlantic Salmon. J. Webb, E. Verspoor, N. Aubin-Horth, A. Romakkaniemi and P.Amiro. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Taxonomy and geographic range. 2.3 Life history variation. 2.4 Biology of anadromous populations. 2.4.1 Distribution and life in fresh water. 2.4.2 Reproduction. 2.4.3 Egg size, development and survival. 2.4.4 Emergence and dispersal of fry. 2.4.5 Free-swimming juvenile life and production. 2.4.6 Sexual maturation of parr. 2.4.7 Movements of parr. 2.4.8 Smolt migration. 2.4.9 Marine life and distribution. 2.4.10 Homing and return marine migration. 2.5 Biology of non-anadromous populations. 2.5.1 Geographic distribution. 2.5.2 Life history and behaviour. 2.5.3 Maturation and reproduction. 2.6 Summary and conclusions. 3 The Atlantic Salmon Genome. P. Moran, E. Verspoor and W. S. Davidson. 3.1 DNA. 3.2 Chromatin and chromosomes. 3.2.1 Nature and structure. 3.2.2 Replication, cell division and growth. 3.2.3 Number and ploidy level. 3.3 Genes and genome organisation. 3.3.1 Molecular nature and structure. 3.3.2 Number and molecular distribution. 3.3.3 Extragenic DNA. 3.4 Genes and development. 3.4.1 Genotypes, alleles and loci. 3.4.2 Genes and traits. 3.4.3 Gene expression. 3.5 Variation among individuals. 3.5.1 Origin. 3.5.2 Scope. 3.5.3 Detection. 3.6 Summary and conclusions. 4 Investigating the Genetics of Populations. M. M. Hansen, B. Villanueva, E. E. Nielsen and D. Bekkevold. 4.1 Overview. 4.2 Population genetics. 4.2.1 Basic concepts. 4.2.2 Models of population structure. 4.2.3 Population differentiation. 4.3 Quantitative genetics. 4.3.1 How does it differ from population genetics. 4.3.2 Quantitative genetic variation. 4.3.3 Genotype by environment interaction. 4.3.4 Integration of molecular and quantitative genetics. 4.4 The genetic characterisation of wild populations. 4.4.1 Allozyme electrophoresis. 4.4.2 Mitochondrial DNA. 4.4.3 Microsatellite DNA. 4.4.4 Other types of molecular markers. 4.5 Studying populations: issues and limitations. 4.5.1 Types of studies and their limitations. 4.5.2 Mixed-stock analysis and assignment tests. 4.5.3 Estimating effective population size and detecting population declines. 4.5.4 Parentage assignment. 4.5.5 Relatedness estimation. 4.6 Future perspectives: going beyond quantifying genetic differentiation and understanding local adaptation. 4.7 Summary and conclusions. . Part II Population Genetics. 5 Biodiversity and Population Structure. T. L. King, E. Verspoor, A. P. Spidle, R. Gross, R. B. Phillips, M.-L. Koljonen, J. A. Sanchez and C. L. Morrison. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Evolutionary relatedness to other salmonids. 5.3 Phylogeographic diversity. 5.3.1 Range-wide. 5.3.2 Eastern Atlantic. 5.3.3 Western Atlantic. 5.3.4 Resident (non-anadromous) salmon. 5.3.5 Historical Origins. 5.4 Regional and local population structure. 5.4.1 Spatial scale and boundaries. 5.4.2 Metapopulation structure and gene flow. 5.5 Overview. 5.6 Summary and conclusions. 5.7 Management recommendations. . 6 Mating System and Social Structure. W. C. Jordan, I. A. Fleming and D. Garant. 6.1 Introduction. 6.1.1 Definitions, approach and organisation. 6.1.2 Genetic markers in the analysis of mating system and social structure. 6.2 Mating system. 6.2.1 Effective population size. 6.2.2 Factors affecting the variance in reproductive success of male alternative reproductive tactics. 6.2.3 Reproductive success estimates and mate choice under natural conditions. 6.2.4 Hybridisation. 6.3 Social structure. 6.3.1 Kin recognition and kin-biased behaviour. 6.3.2 Patterns of relatedness in nature and fitness. 6.4 Summary and conclusions. 6.5 Management recommendations. . 7 Local Adaptation. C. García de Leániz, I. A. Fleming, S. Einum, E. Verspoor, W. C. Jordan, S. Consuegra, N. Aubin-Horth, D. L. Lajus, B. Villanueva, A. Ferguson, A. F. Youngson, T. P. Quinn. 7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 Phenotypic diversity and fitness in a changing world. 7.2 Scope for local adaptations in Atlantic salmon. 7.2.1 Genetic variation in fitness-related traits. 7.2.2 Environmental variation and differential selective pressures. 7.2.3 Reproductive isolation. 7.3 Evidence for the existence of local adaptations in Atlantic salmon. 7.3.1 Indirect, circumstantial evidence for local adaptations. 7.3.2 Direct evidence for local adaptations. 7.3.3 Challenges to the local adaptation hypothesis. 7.4 Summary and conclusions. 7.5 Management recommendations. . Part III Management Issues. 8 Population Size Reductions. S. Consuegra and E.E. Nielsen. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Loss of genetic variabilition in small populations. 8.2.1 Importance of the genetic diversity in natural populations. 8.2.2 Measuring loss of genetic variation in small populations: heterozygosity and allelic diversity. 8.3 Effective population size. 8.3.1 Minimum effective population size. 8.3.2 Relationship between census and effective population sizes (Ne/Nc). 8.3.3 Factors influencing genetically effective population size in Atlantic salmon. 8.3.4 Calculating effective population size. 8.4 The effects of genetic drift and selection in small populations. 8.5 The effects of inbreeding in small populations: inbreeding depression. 8.6 Population reductions, gene flow and local adaptation. 8.6.1 Small populations of Atlantic salmon and the metapopulation models. 8.7 Summary and conclusion. 8.8 Management recommendations. . 9 Genetic Identification of Individuals and Populations. M.-L. Koljonen, T. L. King and E. E. Nielsen. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Assignment of individuals. 9.2.1 Application to Atlantic salmon. 9.2.2 Background to Methodology. 9.3 Identification of population contributions. 9.3.1 Application to Pacific salmon fisheries. 9.3.2 Application to Atlantic salmon fisheries. 9.3.3 Background to Methodology. 9.4 Resolving power of different markers. 9.5 Summary and conclusions. 9.6 Management recommendations. . 10 Fisheries Exploitation. K. Hindar, C. García de Leániz, M.-L. Koljonen, J. Tufto and A. F. Youngson. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 A historical perspective on fisheries exploitation. 10.2.1 Catch statistics. 10.2.2 Exploitation rates. 10.2.3 Potential for selection. 10.3 Fisheries exploitation as an ecological and evolutionary force. 10.3.1 Undirected genetic erosion. 10.3.2 Directed genetic change. 10.4 Fishing and effective population size: the evidence. 10.5 Phenotypic and evolutionary changes in exploited populations. 10.6 Future management of salmon fisheries. 10.7 Summary and conclusions. 10.8 Management recommendations. . 11 Stocking and Ranching. T. F. Cross, P. McGinnity, J. Coughlan, E. Dillane, A. Ferguson, M.-L. Koljonen, N. Milner, P. O’Reilly and A. Vasemagi. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Genetic characteristics of wild salmon populations. 11.3 Nature of strains reared for stocking and ranching. 11.4 Approach based on numbers of salmon present. 11.5 Scenario 1 - Where salmon are extinct in a river (re-introduction). 11.6 Scenario 2 - Where small to near optimal numbers of local population(s) remain (rehabilitation). 11.7 Scenario 3 - Attempting to achieve productivity in excess of naturally-constrained production (enhancement). 11.8 Scenario 4 - Mitigation programmes and conservation hatcheries to counter irreversible loss of natural production (mitigation). 11.8.1 Example 1 – Mitigation programme started simultaneously with the introduction of the constraint to salmon production. 11.8.2 Example 2 – Genetic considerations when the ranching programme begins some years after the construction of the dam and when a large proportion or all of the upstream genetic legacy has been extirpated. 11.9 Summary and conclusions. 11.10 Management recommendations. . 12 Farm Escapes. A. Ferguson, I. Fleming, K. Hindar, Ø. Skaala, P. McGinnity, T. Cross and P. Prodøhl. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Magnitude of farm salmon escapes. 12.2.1 Identifying escaped farm salmon. 12.2.2 Escapes from sea cages. 12.2.3 Juvenile escapes. 12.3 Genetic differences between wild and farm salmon. 12.3.1 Founder effects. 12.3.2 Differences due to domestication. 12.3.3 Genetic marker differences between wild and farm salmon. 12.3.4 Phenotypic differences between wild and farm salmon. 12.4 Potential impact of farm escapes on wild populations. 12.4.1 Fate of adult escapes. 12.4.2 Juvenile escapes. 12.4.3 Indirect genetic effects of farm escapes. 12.4.4 Direct genetic effects of farm escapes. 12.5 Breeding of escaped farm salmon in the wild. 12.5.1 Evidence for breeding of escaped farm fish in the wild. 12.5.2 Differences in breeding behaviour of farm and wild salmon. 12.5.3 Increased hybridization with brown trout as a result of farm. escapes. 12.6 Experimental studies of the impact of farm escapes. 12.6.1 Imsa experiment. 12.6.2 Burrishoole experiment. 12.7 Discussion of genetic implications of farm escapes. 12.8 How can the genetic impact of farm escapes be reduced?. 12.9 Summary and conclusions. 12.10 Management recommendations. . 13 Habitat Management. E. Verspoor, C. García de Leániz and P. McGinnity. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Genetic issues. 13.3.1 Habitat reduction. 13.3.2 Habitat fragmentation. 13.3.3 Habitat expansion. 13.3.4 Habitat degradation. 13.3.5 Loss of biodiversity. 13.3.6 Global climate change. 13.4 Summary and conclusions. 13.5 Management recommendations. . 14 Live Gene Banking of Endangered Populations. P. O’Reilly and R. Doyle. 14.1 Introduction. 14.1.1 Genetic concerns associated with the long-term captive rearing of salmonids. 14.1.2 Impact of long-term genetic changes on captive populations. 14.2 Live gene banking of inner Bay of Fundy Atlantic salmon: a case study. 14.2.1 Collection of founder broodstock. 14.2.2 Captive rearing of broodstock. 14.2.3 Spawning. 14.2.4 Captive rearing and river release of offspring. 14.2.5 Ongoing founder broodstock collection and. recovery of wild-exposed live gene bank salmon. 14.3 Conservation and management of small remnant populations of Atlantic salmon. 14.3.1 Prioritising rivers for conservation measures. 14.3.2 Should very small populations be combined or managed separately?. 14.4 Use of cryopreserved sperm in the conservation of Atlantic salmon. 14.4.1 Methods for the cryopreservation of milt. 14.4.2 Use of cryopreserved milt in the restoration of wild salmon populations. 14.4.3 Addition of genetic variation to impoverished future populations. 14.4.4 Minimising genetic change between founder and subsequent generations of live gene bank populations. 14.5 Research. 14.5.1 Monitoring the loss of genetic variation and accumulation of inbreeding. 14.5.2 Identification of individuals, and evaluation of the relative efficacy of alternate management strategies. 14.6 Summary and conclusions. 14.7 Management recommendations. . 15 Atlantic Salmon Genetics: Past, Present and what’s in the Future?. J. L. Nielsen. 15.1 Past. 15.2 Present. 15.3 Future. Glossary of terms. Index

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive handbook, covering all aspects of the Atlantic cod including the biology, ecology, life histories, behaviour, commercial exploitation and conservation Not only is Atlantic cod one of the most valuable food fish in the world's oceans, it is an important component of North Atlantic ecosystems and has been subject to much research into its biology, ecology and exploitation. After hundreds of years of exploitation, overfishing in the last half of the 20th Century caused many stocks to collapse, most famously the Northern cod stock off Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Since then, most cod stocks have been better researched and managed, but remain in a variety of states, from fully recovered to continued decline. This book, written by world experts, describes that research and management, and the importance of cod and its fisheries on North Atlantic cultures and economies, with impacts well beyond the range of the species. Atlantic Cod:Table of ContentsPreface xi List of Contributors xiii Atlantic Cod: A Bio-Ecology 1 Introduction 1 1 Atlantic Cod: Origin and Evolution 7Gudrun Marteinsdottir and George A. Rose 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Taxonomy and Morphology 9 1.3 Origin and Evolution 9 1.4 Cod: One of Few Endemic Atlantic Species 11 1.5 The Ancient North Atlantic: Dispersal and Early Population Structure 12 1.6 Rise of Cod and Current Population Structure 13 1.7 Is Diversity a Key to Cod’s Success? 16 1.8 The Genetic Seascape 17 Bibliography 20 2 Ecophysiology 27Denis Chabot and Guy Claireaux 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Temperature 31 2.2.1 Thermal Physiology 31 2.2.2 Thermal Niche of Cod 33 2.2.3 Temperature Range for Different Cod Stocks 33 2.2.4 Thermal Preferendum in the Laboratory 34 2.2.5 Temperature and Cod Growth 34 2.2.6 The OCLTT Hypothesis and Cod 36 2.2.7 Lethal Temperature for Cod: The Effect of Acclimation 37 2.2.8 Aerobic Metabolic Scope of Temperature‐Acclimated Cod 38 2.2.9 Temperature and Cod Recruitment 40 2.2.10 Temperature Adaptation in Cod 41 2.3 Dissolved Oxygen 42 2.3.1 Hypoxia 42 2.3.2 Respiration 42 2.3.3 Responses of Fishes to Hypoxia 43 2.3.4 Hypoxia Exposure of Cod Populations 45 2.3.5 Survival of Cod in Hypoxia 48 2.3.6 Impact of Hypoxia on Cod Recruitment 48 2.3.7 Impact of Hypoxia on Cod Distribution 48 2.3.8 Cod Performance in Hypoxia 49 2.3.9 Hypoxia and Feeding of Cod 49 2.4 Salinity 50 2.4.1 Osmoregulation in Marine Fishes 50 2.4.2 Salinity Tolerance of Cod 51 2.4.3 Salinity and Growth Rate of Cod 51 2.4.4 Interactions Between Ambient Salinity, Temperature and Oxygen 52 2.4.5 Salinity Selection by Cod 53 2.4.6 Salinity and Cod Recruitment 53 2.5 Water pH 55 2.5.1 Causes of Ocean Acidification 55 2.5.2 Physiological Impacts of Ocean Acidification 55 2.5.3 Cod and Higher Carbonate Solubility 56 2.5.4 Cod Acid–Base Regulation 56 2.5.5 Acidification and Performance 56 2.5.6 Interaction Between pH and Hypoxia 57 2.6 Other Environmental Variables 57 2.6.1 Light 58 2.6.2 Contaminants 58 2.6.3 Trophic Interactions 60 2.6.4 Parasites and Diseases 61 2.7 Applications of Ecophysiological Understanding 62 2.8 Conclusions 64 Acknowledgements 64 Bibliography 65 3 Reproduction and Spawning 87Peter J. Wright and Sherrylynn Rowe 3.1 Summary 87 3.2 Introduction 87 3.3 Variation in Maturation 89 3.4 Reproductive Investment 94 3.5 Spawning Location 100 3.6 Spawning Time 107 3.7 Spawning Behaviour 110 3.8 The Future 116 Acknowledgements 116 Further Reading 117 Bibliography 117 4 Early Life History 133Timothy B. Grabowski and Jonathan H. Grabowski 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Early Development of Atlantic Cod 135 4.2.1 Life in the Plankton 137 4.2.2 ‘Bottoming out’ – Settlement and Juvenile Habitat Use 149 4.3 Mortality 153 4.4 Feeding and Growth 155 4.5 Habitat Shifts, Dietary Shifts, and Growing Up 157 4.6 Conclusions 157 Acknowledgements 158 Bibliography 158 5 Migration 169David Righton and Julian Metcalfe 5.1 Introduction 169 5.2 Why Migrate? 170 5.3 Studying Migration: What We Need to Know and How We Learn 173 5.3.1 Tagging and Marking Experiments 174 5.3.2 Natural Marks – Meristics, Parasites, and Chemical Composition 174 5.3.3 Artificial Marks – Simple Tags 175 5.3.4 Artificial Marks – Electronic Tags 177 5.4 Mechanisms of Migration 179 5.4.1 Swimming Behaviour 179 5.4.2 Use of Currents 180 5.4.3 Migration Pathways 181 5.4.4 Migrations and Populations 181 5.5 Cod in the Western Atlantic 182 5.5.1 Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank 186 5.5.2 Scotian Shelf and Southern Newfoundland 187 5.5.3 Gulf of St Lawrence 189 5.5.4 Grand Banks 190 5.5.5 Labrador Shelf and Eastern Newfoundland 190 5.6 Cod at Iceland and Greenland 192 5.6.1 Movements of Cod from Greenland to Labrador 195 5.7 Cod in the Eastern Atlantic 195 5.7.1 Barents Sea/ Norwegian Coast (Arcto‐Norwegian Cod) 195 5.7.2 The North Sea 197 5.7.3 The Baltic 198 5.8 The Importance of Oceanographic, Physiological, and Evolutionary Influences on Cod Migration and Stock Structure 200 5.9 What of the Future? 203 Bibliography 204 6 Feeding, Growth, and Trophic Ecology 219Jason S. Link and Graham D. Sherwood 6.1 Summary 219 6.2 Introduction 219 6.3 Feeding: What and How 222 6.3.1 Cod Feeding Behaviour and Energetic Consequences 224 6.3.2 Compared to Other Predators 226 6.3.3 Research Remaining and Further Work 226 6.4 Feeding: How Much? 227 6.4.1 Estimating How Much Cod Eat 227 6.4.2 Magnitude of How Much Cod Eats 230 6.4.3 Research Remaining and Further Work 231 6.5 What Happens to the Food Cod Eat: Losses and Metabolism 231 6.5.1 Egestion 232 6.5.2 Specific Dynamic Action 232 6.5.3 Excretion 233 6.5.4 Standard Metabolism (Respiration) 234 6.5.5 Activity 234 6.5.6 Summary of Metabolic Costs 235 6.5.7 Research Remaining and Further Work 237 6.6 What Happens to the Food Cod Eat: Individual Growth 237 6.6.1 How Is Growth Measured? 238 6.6.2 Reporting Growth and Variability in Growth 239 6.6.3 Condition Indices 242 6.6.4 Climate Change Effects on Growth 246 6.6.5 Summary 249 6.6.6 Research Remaining and Further Work 249 6.7 What Happens to the Food Cod Eat: Population Growth via Reproduction 250 6.7.1 Maturity 250 6.7.2 Fecundity 253 6.7.3 Realizing Reproductive Potential Through Feeding 254 6.7.4 Summary 255 6.7.5 Research Remaining and Further Work 256 6.8 What Happens to the Food Cod Eat: Population Dynamics of Cod Prey 257 6.8.1 Prey Population Dynamics 257 6.8.2 Cannibalism 258 6.8.3 Cod Prey and Other Fisheries 259 6.8.4 Research Remaining and Further Work 260 6.9 What Happens to the Food Cod Eat: Population Dynamics of Cod Predators 260 6.9.1 Main Types and Responses of Cod Predators 260 6.9.2 Special Commentary on Marine Mammal Predators 261 6.9.3 Complex Food Web Dynamics: Cultivator Effects 262 6.9.4 Research Remaining and Further Work 263 6.10 Conclusions 263 Further Reading 263 Bibliography 264 7 Exploitation: Cod is Fish and Fish is Cod 287George A. Rose, Gudrun Marteinsdottir, and Olav‐Rune Godo 7.1 The Earliest Cod Fisheries (and the Gift of Viking ‘Stockfish’) 288 7.2 Cod and the ‘Fish Event Horizon’ 289 7.3 The Icelandic Fisheries 294 7.4 The Newfoundland and Grand Banks Fisheries 296 7.5 The North Atlantic Cod Trade 300 7.6 Technology in the Fisheries 300 7.7 Science and the Cod Fisheries 306 7.7.1 Landings 306 7.7.2 Fisheries‐Independent Data (Surveys…) 311 7.7.3 Stock Assessment 316 7.7.4 Ageing 316 7.7.5 Stock Units and Tagging 317 7.7.6 Models 319 7.7.7 Stock‐Recruitment 321 7.7.8 Productivity 323 7.8 Ecosystem‐Based and Precautionary Management 328 Bibliography 329 8 Cod and Climate Change 337Keith Brander 8.1 Summary 337 8.2 Introduction 337 8.3 Learning from the Past 340 8.4 The Greenland Story 340 8.5 Scales and Processes 342 8.6 Changing Climate of the North Atlantic 342 8.7 Impacts on Individuals and Populations 348 8.7.1 Growth 349 8.7.2 Survival 351 8.7.3 Recruitment 352 8.7.4 Surplus Production 353 8.8 Recent History of Cod Fisheries and the Role of Climate 355 8.9 Future Distribution and Abundance 358 8.10 Lessons for Fisheries Management 360 8.A Appendix 362 8.A.1 The ICES/GLOBEC Cod and Climate Change Programme 362 8.A.2 Aims, Organization, and Funding 363 8.A.3 What the Programme Achieved 367 8.A.3.1 Comparative Information on Spawning and Life History 367 8.A.3.2 Backward Facing Workshops 367 8.A.3.3 Growth 371 8.A.3.4 Applying Environmental Information in Stock Assessment 371 8.A.3.5 Decline and Recovery of Cod Stocks 371 8.A.3.6 Cod and Future Climate 372 8.A.3.7 Symposia and Individual Papers 372 Selected Papers: 374 Acknowledgements 375 Bibliography 375 9 The Future of Wild Cod and Their Fisheries 385George A. Rose 9.1 The State of Stocks 385 9.2 Cod Economics 386 9.3 The Future 387 Acknowledgements 388 Bibliography 388 Index 391

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Book SynopsisSummarises the current understanding of the behavioural biology of farmed species and illustrates how this can be applied to improve aquaculture practice. Provides information which, when properly applied, will result in significant economic benefits.Table of ContentsContributors xiii Preface xiv Foreword by V.O. Crampton xvi 1 Introduction: Aquaculture and Behaviour 1 Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling 1.1 Why behaviour and aquaculture? 1 1.2 About aquaculture 2 1.3 Introducing the spotlight species 7 1.4 About behaviour 14 1.5 Fish welfare 20 1.6 Domestication, captive rearing and behaviour 24 1.6.1 Domestication and captive rearing 24 1.7 Criteria for effective and sustainable fish culture 27 1.8 Structure and content of this book 32 2 Fish in Aquaculture Environments 36 Malcolm Jobling 2.1 Introduction 36 2.2 Locomotion and swimming ability 37 2.3 Sensing environmental stimuli 39 2.4 Internal communication systems 47 2.5 Coping with adverse conditions 52 2.6 Contrasts in life history patterns and reproductive biology 55 2.7 Life history programming 58 2.8 Synopsis 61 3 Tools for Studying the Behaviour of Farmed Fish 65 Marie Laure Bégout, Sunil Kadri, Felicity Huntingford and Børge Damsgård 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Describing and measuring behaviour 66 3.3 What we need to know about the behaviour of farmed fish 67 3.4 Indirect reconstruction of the behaviour of cultured fish 67 3.5 Methods of marking and tagging fish 69 3.6 Direct behavioural observation via video monitoring 71 3.7 Direct behavioural monitoring using electronic tags 74 3.8 Direct behavioural monitoring using echo integration 77 3.9 Measuring feeding behaviour in farmed fish 78 3.10 Synopsis 82 4 Movement and Orientation 87 Felicity Huntingford, William Hunter and Victoria Braithwaite 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Mechanisms 89 4.3 Development 93 4.4 Functions 96 4.5 Implications for aquaculture 100 4.6 Synopsis 112 5 Feeding Biology and Foraging 121 Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford 5.1 Introduction to the feeding biology of fishes 121 5.2 Foraging strategies of wild fish 122 5.3 Mechanisms 124 5.4 Development 129 5.5 Functions 132 5.6 Implications for aquaculture 134 5.7 Synopsis 143 6 Nutrition and Diet Choice 150 David Raubenheimer, Steve Simpson, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Felicity Huntingford, Sunil Kadri and Malcolm Jobling 6.1 Introduction to what fish eat 150 6.2 Mechanisms 152 6.3 Development 157 6.4 Functions 161 6.5 Implications for aquaculture 166 6.6 Synopsis 176 7 Appetite and Feed Intake 183 Malcolm Jobling, Anders Alanärä, Chris Noble, Javier Sánchez-Vázquez, Sunil Kadri and Felicity Huntingford 7.1 Introduction 183 7.2 Mechanisms 189 7.3 Development 195 7.4 Functions 198 7.5 Implications for aquaculture 200 7.6 Synopsis 209 8 Avoiding Predators 220 Felicity Huntingford, Susan Coyle and William Hunter 8.1 Introduction 220 8.2 Mechanisms 224 8.3 Development 225 8.4 Functions 229 8.5 Implications for aquaculture 232 8.6 Synopsis 240 9 Fighting and Aggression 248 Børge Damsgård and Felicity Huntingford 9.1 Introduction 248 9.2 Mechanisms 251 9.3 Development 256 9.4 Functions 260 9.5 Implications for aquaculture 263 9.6 Synopsis 277 10 Reproductive Behaviour 286 Ian A. Fleming and Felicity Huntingford 10.1 Introduction 286 10.2 Mechanisms 291 10.3 Development 295 10.4 Functions 297 10.5 Implications for aquaculture 302 10.6 Solutions 310 10.7 Synopsis 314 11 Conclusions: Aquaculture and Behaviour 322 Felicity Huntingford, Malcolm Jobling and Sunil Kadri 11.1 The relevance of behaviour in current aquaculture systems 322 11.2 The relevance of behaviour in future aquaculture systems 327 Index 333

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Book SynopsisFisheries Management is a beautifully-produced full colour guide to the management of still-water coarse fisheries. Carefully compiled by three leading specialists, who each draw on many years' experience, this book is an essential purchase for all still water coarse fisheries managers. The correct management of still waters and their fisheries is vital to ensure environmental protection and an appropriate level of stocking densities of healthy fish. This new book provides the reader with the necessary information to achieve these goals. The book''s first part covers the ecology of still waters and includes succinct and user-friendly information on physical and chemical processes, nutrient cycles, energy movements, trophic levels, bacteria, plants, invertebrates, fish, disease-causing organisms, mammals and birds. Part two provides in depth, but easily assimilated cutting edge information, on how a still-water fishery should be set up, developed and successfully managed. CovTrade Review"The book is the work of some of the most knowledgeable fisheries people around." (Anglers Mail August 2010)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Part I Ecology of Still-Water Fisheries. 1 Introduction. 2 Ecology of Lakes. 3 Bacteria. 4 Plants. 5 Invertebrates. 6 Fish. 7 Disease-Causing Organisms. Chris Williams and Ian Wellby. 8 Mammals and Birds. Part II Management of Still-Water Fisheries. 9 Developing and Preparing a Fishery. 10 The Construction of a Still-Water Fishery. 11 Fish Stock Assessment. 12 Stock Manipulation. 13 Invertebrate Survey. 14 Control of Water Quality. 15 Control of Aquatic Plants. 16 Control of Erosion. 17 Control of Predators and Nuisance Species. 18 Managing the Impact of Climate Change on Still-Water Fisheries. 19 Control of Fish Disease. 20 Biosecurity. 21 Control of Fishing Activities. 22 Fish Nutrition. 23 Improving Conditions or Fishery Enhancement. 24 General Administration. Part III Legal and Social Framework. 25 General Legislation. 26 Environmental Legislation. 27 Direct Fisheries-Related Legislation. 28 Agencies and Organisations. Appendix A: Example of Risk Assessment. Appendix B: Example Model of a Disciplinary Procedure. Appendix C: Example of a Fisheries Survey. Glossary. Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisSeamounts are ubiquitous undersea mountains rising from the ocean seafloor that do not reach the surface. There are likely many hundreds of thousands of seamounts, they are usually formed from volcanoes in the deep sea and are defined by oceanographers as independent features that rise to at least 0.5 km above the seafloor, although smaller features may have the same origin. This book follows a logical progression from geological and physical processes, ecology, biology and biogeography, to exploitation, management and conservation concerns. In 21 Chapters written by 57 of the world's leading seamount experts, the book reviews all aspects of their geology, ecology, biology, exploitation, conservation and management. In Section I of this book, several detection and estimation techniques for tallying seamounts are reviewed, along with a history of seamount research. This book represents a unique and fresh synthesis of knowledge of seamounts and their biota and is an essenTrade Review"This book is a very important contribution to the seamount field and I feel safe in predicting that it will be valuable resource for researchers and stakeholders for many years to come." (Environmental Conservation, December 2008) "A brilliant and very useful book about a very important topic. An impressive collaboration." (Ausmarine) "A Brilliant and very useful book about a very important topic. An impressive collaboration." (Work Boat World)Table of Contents1 Seamount characteristics. Paul Wessel. 2 How many seamounts are there and where are they located?. Adrian Kitchingman, Sherman Lai, Telmo Morato and Daniel Pauly. 3 A history of seamount research. Paul E. Brewin, Karen I. Stocks and Gui Menezes. 4 Physical processes and seamount productivity. Martin White, Igor Bashmachnikov, Javier Arístegui and Ana Martins. 5 Seamount plankton dynamics. Amatzia Genin and John F. Dower. 6 Midwater fish assemblages and seamounts. Filipe M. Porteiro and Tracey Sutton. 7 Seamount benthos. Sarah Samadi, Thomas Schlacher and Bertrand Richer de Forges. 8 Corals on seamounts. Alex D. Rogers, A. Baco, H. Griffiths, T. Hart and Jason M. Hall-Spencer. 9 Seamount fishes: ecology and life histories. Telmo Morato and Malcolm R. Clark. 10 Fish visitors to seamounts. Section A: Tunas and billfish at seamounts. Kim N. Holland and R. Dean Grubbs. Section B: Aggregations of large pelagic sharks above seamounts. Feodor Litvinov. 11 Seamounts and cephalopods. Malcolm Clarke. 12 Air-breathing visitors to seamounts. Section A: Marine mammals. Kristin Kaschner. Section B: Sea turtles. Marco A. Santos, Alan B. Bolten, Helen R. Martins, Brian Riewald and Karen A. Bjorndal. Section C: Importance of seamounts to seabirds. David R. Thompson. 13 Biogeography and biodiversity of seamounts. Karen I. Stocks and Paul J.B. Hart. 14 Raiding the larder: a quantitative evaluation framework and trophic signature for seamount food webs. Tony J. Pitcher and Cathy Bulman. 15 Modelling seamount ecosystems and their fisheries. Beth Fulton, Telmo Morato and Tony J. Pitcher. 16 Small-scale fishing on seamounts. Helder Marques da Silva and Mário Rui Pinho. 17 Large-scale distant-water trawl fisheries on seamounts. Malcolm R. Clark, Vladimir I. Vinnichenko, John D.M. Gordon, Georgy Z. Beck-Bulat, Nikolai N. Kukharev and Alexander F. Kakora. 18 Catches from world seamount fisheries. Reg Watson, Adrian Kitchingman and William Cheung. 19 Impacts of fisheries on seamounts. Malcolm R. Clark and J. Anthony Koslow. 20 Management and conservation of seamounts. P. Keith Probert, Sabine Christiansen, Kristina M. Gjerde, Susan Gubbay and Ricardo S. Santos. 21 The depths of ignorance: an ecosystem evaluation framework for seamount ecology, fisheries and conservation. Tony J. Pitcher, Telmo Morato, Paul J.B. Hart, Malcolm R. Clark, Nigel Haggan and Ricardo S. Santos

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Book SynopsisThe world's stocks of wild fish continue to decline, making the task of finding innovative, sustainable and socially acceptable methods of fisheries management more important than ever. Several new approaches from around the world have proved to be successful in stemming the decline whilst increasing fish catches, and under the editorship of McClanahan and Castilla this international team of authors have looked to these examples to provide the reader with carefully chosen case studies offering practical suggestions and solutions for problem fisheries elsewhere. Coverage includes: Community based fisheries Collaborative and co-operative fisheries management Coastal fisheries management The future for sustainable fisheries management Trade Review"A remarkably well-balanced and objective publication." AusmarineTable of ContentsI. Introduction. Chapter 1. A Brief History of Fisheries Management. O. Defeo, T. McClanahan and J.C. Castilla. Fishery Science and Management. The Theory: Assessing and Managing Fisheries Systems. Single Stocks. Multispecies. Fishery Research Agenda: Edge Issues for the 21st Century. Spatial Considerations: Closed Areas and Habitat Protection. Ecosystem-based approaches. Reference Points, Fishery Indicators, and the Precautionary Approach. Adaptive and Experimental Management. The Limits to Science: When Management Fails. Western Technocratic Models: Abuse and Misuse. The Forgotten Social Side of Management and Attitudes. Institutional Structures, Societal Participatory Roles, and Co-management. Summary. References. II. Small-scale and Artisanal Fisheries. Chapter 2. Successes, Lessons, and Projections from Experience in Marine Benthic Invertebrate Artisanal Fisheries in Chile. Juan C. Castilla, Stefan Gelcich, and O. Defeo. Introduction. Chilean Benthic Artisanal Fisheries. Pre-policy Stage. Policy Process. Pre-development Phase. Development Phase. Maturation Phase. Problems with MEABR policy. Discussion. Perspectives for the Future. Ecosystem Management. Marine Protected Area Network. Conclusions. References. Chapter 3. From Crisis to Institutional Sustainability in the Chilean Sea Urchin Fishery. Carlos Moreno, Alejandro Zuleta, Ana Parma, and Lobo Orensanz. Introduction. The System. Chilean Fisheries: Political Jurisdiction and Management Institutions. Access regimes. Southern Chile: a Geographic Labyrinth. The Chilean Sea Urchin. The Sea Urchin Fishery of Regions X-XI. Fleet and Fishing Operations. Social Matrix. Historical Trends and Stages in Development. Management and Scientific Advice before 2001. The Dynamics of Depletion and Recovery. A Quest for Alternative Models. Social Turmoil, Political Complexities, and Prospects. The “Contiguous Zones” Conflict. Participatory Management. Revamping the Monitoring and Knowledge Support. New Challenges. Summary. References. Chapter 4. Achievements and Setbacks in the Commercial Diving Fishery of San José Gulf, Argentine Patagonia. Lobo Orensanz, Ana Parma, Néstor Ciocco and Ana Cinti. Introduction. Settings. The Gulfs of Northern Argentine Patagonia. A Sensitive Region for Marine Conservation. The Tehuelche Scallop. Achievements, Setbacks, and Prospects. Round 1: Boom and Bust of the San Matías Gulf Scallop Fishery (1968-1972). Round 2: Dredging to Commercial Diving (the 1970s). Round 3: No Controls or Incentives (the 1980s and 1990s). Round 4: Recovery, Participatory Management, and Incentives (2000-2004). Round 5: New Challenges (2005-?). Summary. References. Chapter 5. Evolution and Lessons from Fisheries and Coastal Management in the Philippines. Alan T. White, Edgardo Gomez, Angel C. Alcala, and Garry Russ. Introduction. Evolution of Coastal and Fisheries Management. Legal and Policy Framework Supporting Decentralization. Contribution of Community-Based Marine Protected Areas. Case I: Supporting Fisheries at Apo and Sumilon Islands. Affects on Fish Biomass. Spillover of Fish. Affects on Fisheries Yields. The Role of the Local Community and Local Government. Case 2: Supporting Fisher Livelihood through Tourism at Gilutongan Island, Cebu. Case 3: Supporting Coral Reef Restoration, Hundred Islands National Park, Luzon. Local Governments and Integrated Coastal and Fisheries Management. A Benchmark System for Local Governments. Boundary Delineation for Fisheries. Local Government Law Enforcement. Co-management of MPAs with Local Governments and NGOs. Key Lessons. References. . Chapter 6. Redressing Access Inequities and Implementing Formal Management Systems for Marine and Estuarine Subsistence Fisheries in South Africa. Jean M. Harris, George M. Branch, Barry M. Clark, and Sandile C. Sibiya. Introduction. Testing the Waters. Documenting a Nation-wide Phenomenon. Defining Subsistence Fishers. A Catalytic Local Case-study. Providing Access. National Recommendations for Management. Provincial Implementation. Creating Institutional Capacity. Finding the Fishers and Fisheries. Crafting Co-management. Evaluating Progress and Success. Implementing Systems for Fisheries Management. Co-management as a Local Management Model. Conclusions. References. Chapter 7. Collaborative Fisheries Management in Tanga, Northern Tanzania. Sue Wells, Melita Samoilys, Jim Anderson, Hassan Kalombo, and Solomon Makoloweka. Introduction. Biophysical Characteristics. Socio-economic Characteristics - the Artisanal Fishery. The TCZCDP Strategy. Process for Developing CMAPS. Content of the CMAPs. Closed Reefs. Implementation. Compliance and Enforcement. Resource Monitoring. Review and Re-negotiation of CMAPs. Effect of CMAs. Improving Compliance. Effect on Fisheries. Discussion. Conclusions. References. Chapter 8. Management of Area and Gear in Kenyan Coral Reefs. T.R. McClanahan. Introduction. The Biophysical and Economic Environment. The Social-cultural and Legal Environment. History of Fisheries and Gears. History of Marine Protected Areas. Closed Areas. Perceptions Towards Closed Areas. Direct Effects of Marine Protected Areas. Fish Abundance and Diversity. Ecological Effects. Indirect Effects of Marine Protected Areas. Spillover of Fish. Economic Effects. Gear Management. Perceptions towards Gear. Gear Selectivity and Competition. Effect of Seine-net Removal on Fish Catches. Comanagement and Control. Summary. References. Chapter 9. Progress Towards the Cooperative Management of Marine Hunting in the Great Barrier Reef. Helene Marsh. Introduction. Site Profile. The Management Context. Towards Cooperative Management. GBRMPA Initiatives: 1983-1996. Cooperative Initiatives: 1997-1999. The Post-planning Period: 1999 – 2001. Subsequent Developments. Discussion and Conclusions. References. III. Meso-scale Fisheries. Chapter 10. Partnerships towards Sustainable Use of Australia's Northern Prawn Fishery. C. M. Dichmont, N. R. Loneragan, D. T. Brewer, and I. R. Poiner. . Introduction. Management. The Partnership Approach. A Complex Ecosystem. Coastal Habitats and Prawn Production. The Environment of the Fishery. Sustainability of the Target Species. Assessment Advice. History of Effort Reductions. Prawns are Not the Only Catch. Bycatch Research and Management. Cooperation, Participation, and Compliance. Future Challenges. Summary. Management Performance. Vision for the Future. References. Chapter 11. The Western Rock Lobster Fishery in Western Australia. Bruce F. Phillips, Roy Melville Smith, and Nick Caputi. Introduction. Threats to Sustainability. Research Database. Reliable Catch, Effort, and Size-frequency Data. Technology Change. Size and Gear Restrictions. Legal Size. Compliance. Mortality and Damage to Discarded Catch. Controlling Fishing Effort. Life-history Relationships. Stock and Recruitment Relationships. Environment and Catch Prediction. Protecting Egg Production. Communication with Fishers and Stakeholders. Threats to Sustainability in the Future. Regional Contributions to Egg Production. The Effect of Increased Fishing efficiency. Growth of Recreational Fishing. Harvesting Pueruli for Aquaculture. Enhancement of Stocks. Reproductive Biology Issues. Economics and Social Interactions. Increasing Awareness. Conclusions. Summary. References. . Chapter 12. Successes and Challenges in the Hoki Fishery of New Zealand. Mary Livingston and Kevin Sullivan. Introduction. Life History and Productivity of Hoki. Growth and Mortality. History of the Hoki Fishery. Research and Stock Assessment. Trawl Survey Time Series. Acoustic Survey Time Series. Reliability of Abundance Estimates. Sustainability of the Hoki Fishery. Stock Assessment. Lessons Learnt. Future Challenges for the Hoki Fishery. Summary. References. Chapter 13. Community-Based Fisheries in the Canadian Maritimes. Anthony Charles, Arthur Bull, John Kearney, and Chris Milley. Introduction. Fisheries in the Canadian Maritimes. The Resources. Fishers and Fishing Communities. Fishery Management. Fishery Policy. Examples of Community-Based Fishery Management. Community Management in the Scotia-Fundy Groundfishery. The Fundy Fixed Gear Council. PEI Mi’kmaq Fisheries. Linkage and Support Mechanisms for Community Fisheries. Marine Resource Centers. Centre for Community-Based Resource Management. Turning the Tide. Conclusions. Orienting Fisheries around Community Needs. Supporting Marine Conservation. Synthesis. References. IV. Conclusion. Chapter 14. Healing Fisheries. T.R. McClanahan and J.C. Castilla. Introduction. Ecosystems and Cultural Systems are Complex. Need to Save all the Parts, Interactions, and Processes. Diverse Opinions. Assume a Humble and Precautionary Approach. Complexity Requires Differential Diagnosis. Artisanal Versus Industrial Fishing. National Versus Community Organization. Pristine Versus Mature Fisheries. All Permanent Solutions are Holistic Solutions. Resource Users Household Context. Strong Interactions in Ecosystem. Change is Part of the System. Monitoring and Evaluation are Essential. Holistic Monitoring of Nature, People, and their Compliance. Need for Simplicity. Need for Targets and Thresholds Measures. Fishing and Fisheries Management is a Profession. Incentives, Disincentives, and Certification of People and Fisheries. Meetings. Democratic Principles. Rights and Compliance. Conclusion. References

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Book SynopsisFood quality and safety issues continue to dominate the press, with most food companies spending large amounts of money to ensure that the food quality and assessment procedures in place are adequate and produce good and safe food. This holds true for companies and laboratories responsible for the processing of fish into various products, those responsible for researching safe new products, and departments within other companies supporting these functions. Fishery Products brings together details of all the major methodologies used to assess the quality of fishery products in the widest sense. Subject coverage of this important book includes chapters on assessment of authenticity, and several chapters on quality assessment using various methods, such as: Texture measurement Electronic nose and tongue NMR Colour measurement This timely volume will serve as a vital tool for all those working in the processing of fishery Trade Review“The book serves as a vital reference for food laboratory personnel, food scientists, food technologists, nutritionists, seafood trade associations, regulatory bodies, state and federal inspectors, academicians, seafood processors, and aquaculture operators. This reference should be included in the library of any seafood specialist working in academia, industry, or as a regulator.” (Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2 July 2013) "Emphasize[s] applied methodologies rather than analytical methods, and discuss[es] traditional, microbiological, sensory, and authenticity methods, among others, and multivariate data analysis and traceability." (Book News, December 2009)Table of ContentsList of contributors Preface Introduction Chapter 1 Basic facts and figures (Jörg Oehlenschläger and Hartmut Rehbein). 1.1 Introduction 1.2 World fishery production 1.3 Categories of fish species 1.4 Fish muscle 1.5 Nutritional composition 1.6 Vitamins 1.7 Minerals 1.8 Post mortem changes in fish muscle 1.9 References and further reading Chapter 2 Traditional methods (Peter Howgate). 2.1 Introduction 2.2 TVB-N 2.3 Methylamines 2.4 Volatile acids 2.5 Volatile reducing substances 2.6 Indole 2.7 Proteolysis and amino acids 2.8 pH 2.9 Refractive index of eye fluids 2.10 Discussion and summary 2.11 References Chapter 3 Biogenic amines (Rogério Mendes). 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Factors affecting amine decarboxylase activity 3.3 Safety aspects 3.4 Quality assessment 3.5 Regulatory issues 3.6 Methods of biogenic amine determination 3.7 References Chapter 4 ATP-derived products and K-value determination (Margarita Tejada). 4.1 In vivo role of nucleotides 4.2 Post mortem changes 4.3 Methodology for evaluating the K-value or related compounds 4.4 Conclusions 4.5 References Chapter 5 VIS/NIR spectroscopy (Heidi Anita Nilsen and Karsten Heia). 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Analytical principles and measurements 5.3 Constituents: assessment of chemical composition 5.4 Freshness and storage time 5.5 Authentication 5.6 Safety 5.7 Other quality parameters 5.8 Summary and future perspectives 5.9 References Chapter 6 Electronic nose and electronic tongue (Corrado Di Natale and Gudrun Ólafsdóttir). 6.1 Introduction to the electronic nose and olfaction 6.2 Application of the electronic nose and electronic tongue 6.3 Colorimetric techniques, optical equipment and consumer electronics 6.4 Classification of fish odours 6.5 Quality indicators in fish during chilled storage: gas chromatography analysis of volatile compounds 6.6 Application of the electronic nose for evaluation of fish freshness 6.7 Combined electronic noses for estimating fish freshness 6.8 Conclusions and future outlook 6.9 References Chapter 7 Colour measurement (Reinhard Schubring). 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Instrumentation 7.3 Novel methods of colour evaluation 7.4 Colour measurement on fish and fishery products 7.5 Summary 7.6 References Chapter 8 Differential scanning calorimetry (Reinhard Schubring). 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Principle of function of the instruments 8.3 First applications of DSC on fish muscle and other seafood 8.4 Recent applications of DSC for investigating quality and safety 8.5 Summary 8.6 References Chapter 9 Instrumental texture measurement (Mercedes Careche and Marta Barroso). 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Instrumental texture 9.3 Texture measurement for quality classification or prediction 9.4 Conclusions 9.5 References Chapter 10 Image processing (Michael Kroeger). 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Quality characteristics from images 10.3 Spectral signature of images 10.4 Elastic properties from images 10.5 Analysis of image data 10.6 Results and discussion 10.7 Freshness determination from images 10.8 Firmness information from images 10.9 Conclusions 10.10 References Chapter 11 Nuclear magnetic resonance (Marit Aursand, Emil Veliyulin, Inger B. Standal, Eva Falch, Ida G. Aursand and Ulf Erikson). 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Magnetic resonance imaging 11.3 Low-field NMR 11.4 High-resolution NMR 11.5 The future of NMR in seafood 11.6 References Chapter 12 Time domain spectroscopy (Michael Kent and Frank Daschner). 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Measurement system 12.3 Time domain reflectometry measurements 12.4 Conclusions 12.5 References Chapter 13 Measuring electrical properties (Michael Kent and Jörg Oehlenschläger). 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Fischtester 13.3 Torrymeter 13.4 Use of the Fischtester 13.5 Summary 13.6 References Chapter 14 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (Flemming Jessen). 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) 14.3 2DE applications in seafood science 14.4 2DE-based seafood science in the future 14.5 References Chapter 15 Microbiological methods (Ulrike Lyhs). 15.1 Microorganisms in fish and fish products 15.2 General aspects of microbiological methods 15.3 Most probable number method 15.4 Molecular methods 15.5 References Chapter 16 Protein-based methods (Hartmut Rehbein). 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Fish muscle proteins 16.3 Electrophoretic methods for fish species identification 16.4 High-performance liquid chromatography 16.5 Immunological methods and detection of allergenic proteins 16.6 Determination of heating temperature 16.7 Differentiation of fresh and frozen/thawed fish fillets 16.8 References Chapter 17 DNA-based methods (Hartmut Rehbein). 17.1 Introduction 17.2 DNA in fishery products 17.3 Genes used for species identification 17.4 Methods 17.5 Conclusions and outlook 17.6 References Chapter 18 Other principles: analysis of lipids, stable isotopes and trace elements (Iciar Martinez). 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Species and breeding stock identification by lipid analysis 18.3 Verification of the production method 18.4 Identification of the geographic origin 18.5 Future prospects 18.6 References Chapter 19 Sensory evaluation of seafood: general principles and guidelines (Emilia Martinsdóttir, Rian Schelvis, Grethe Hyldig and Kolbrun Sveinsdóttir). 19.1 General principles for sensory analysis 19.2 Application of sensory evaluation to fish and other seafood 19.3 References Chapter 20 Sensory evaluation of seafood: methods (Emilia Martinsdóttir, Rian Schelvis, Grethe Hyldig and Kolbrun Sveinsdóttir). 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Difference tests 20.3 Grading schemes 20.4 Quality index method 20.5 Descriptive sensory analysis 20.6 Consumer tests (hedonic) 20.7 References Chapter 21 Data handling by multivariate data analysis (Bo M. Jørgensen). 21.1 Introduction 21.2 What is multivariate data analysis? 21.3 Arrangement of data for bi-linear modelling 21.4 The outcome of bi-linear modelling 21.5 Validation and prediction 21.6 Real examples and further reading 21.7 References Chapter 22 Traceability as a tool (Erling P. Larsen and Begoña Pérez Villarreal). 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Traceability from older times to the present 22.3 Traceability research in the seafood sector and other EU-funded food traceability projects 22.4 Validation of traceability data 22.5 Traceability in a global perspective 22.6 References Index

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Book SynopsisRecreational or sports fishing is a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide and in many countries represents an important social and cultural activity. In some regions, it also contributes significant income to tourism and tackle businesses.Trade Review"A very important book for anyone involved in any way with the management of recreational or other fisheries … the commercial fishing industry should study this book closely." (Ausmarine, October 2008)Table of Contents1 Introduction (Ø. Aas). 2 An International Perspective on Recreational Fishing (Chapter editor: R. B. Ditton). 2.1 Overview (R. B. Ditton). 2.2 Overview of Recreational Fishing in Australia (D. Reid). 2.3 Current Status and Challenges Facing Recreational Fishing in the Peoples Republic of China (J. Shen). 2.4 Recreational Fishing in Finland (A.L. Toivonen). 2.5 The Social and economic significance of recreational fishing in Germany (R. Arlinghaus). 2.6 Recreational fishing in Lithuania: Putting Lithuania on the recreational fishing map in Europe (A. Domarkas and E. Radaityte). 2.7 Recreational Fishing in Malaysia (Z.M. Zakariah). 2.8 Recreational angling in the Netherlands: Participation, trends and management (T.W.P.M. Aarts). 2.9 Recreational fishing in Sweden (T. Eriksson). 2.10 An overview of angling in the United States of America (G.C. Radonski and A.J. Lofthus). 3 Meaning and relevance of the ecosystem approach to recreational fisheries management, with emphasis on the importance of the human dimension (R. Arlinghaus and I.G. Cowx). 4 Biological impacts of recreational fishing resulting from exploitation, stocking and introduction (C. W. Lewin, D.P. McPhee and R. Arlinghaus). 5 Marine recreational fisheries challenges and Marine Protected Areas, comparison between the Mediterranean and Australia (D. P. McPhee, A. Gordoa and X. Illas). 6 European sea bass in the North Sea; past, present and future status, use and management challenges (J. E. Colman, M. G. Pawson, J. Holmen and T. O. Haugen). 7 Scale and participation in recreational fisheries management – Nordic examples (P. Salmi, E. Neuman and T. Hakaste). 8 Substitution in recreational fishing (B. Gentner and S. Sutton). 9 A bioeconomic analysis of differing management regimes in recreational fisheries (J. O. Olaussen and A. Skonhoft). 10 Economic impact of angling in Iceland and Scotland (S. Agnarsson, A. Radford and G. Riddington). 11 Trends and developments in catch and release (Chapter editor D. Policansky). 11.1 Overview (D. Policansky). 11.2 Factors affecting Catch and Release Mortality of Striped Bass Caught on Natural Bait in Chesapeake Bay (R. Lukacovic and J. H. Uphoff Jr.). 11.3 Potential Effects of Circle Hooks on the United States Recreational Atlantic Billfish Fishery (J. Schratwieser). 11.4 The Atlantic Salmon Catch and Release Story (E. B. Thorstad, T. F. Næsje, G. W. Mawle & D. Policansky). 11.5 The Challenge of Ethical Angling: The Case of Catch and Release and its Relation to Fish Welfare (R. Arlinghaus). 12 Competitive Fishing; Trends, Opportunities and Challenges (Chapter editor: H. L. Schramm Jr.). 12.1 Competitive Fishing and Its Role in Recreational Fisheries Management (H.L. Schramm Jr. and J.C. Harrison). 12.2 Socio-economic analysis of competitive fishing in Poland (A. Wolos, H. Mioduszewska and H.L. Schramm Jr.). 12.3 Legislative treatment and current status of competitive fishing in Germany (T. Meinelt, R. Arlinghaus and K. Jendrusch). 12.4 From the Inside Looking Out: A Tournament Organization’s Perspective on Growing Competitive Fishing (C. Evans). 13 International fishing tourism – past, present and future (T. Borch, Ø. Aas and D. Policansky). 14 Subsistence versus Sport: cultural conflict on the frontiers of fishing (J. Lyman). 15 Recruiting new anglers; driving forces, constraints and examples of success (R. Wightman, S. Sutton, B. Matthews, K. Gillis, J. Coleman and J.R. Samuelsen). 16 The role of non-government organisations in recreational fisheries management – challenges, responsibilities & possibilities (J. C. Harrison and J. Schratwieser). 17 Recreational fisheries in the 21st century: towards a Code of Conduct (I.G. Cowx & R. Arlinghaus). 18 Challenges for the recreational fishing sector in the next decade (Ø. Aas & H.L. Schramm Jr.)

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Book SynopsisEdited by an international team of experts who are widely-published leaders in their field Offers a review of the latest thinking on safety and quality - particularly crucial in the seafood sector Examines the latest commercial opportunities with regards to the nutritional benefits of marine-derived foods .Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1 Seafood quality, safety, and health applications: an overview (Cesarettin Alasalvar, Fereidoon Shahidi, Kazuo Miyashita, and Udaya Wanasundara) 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Seafood quality. 1.3 Seafood safety. 1.4 Health applications of seafood. 1.5 Conclusions. References. PART I SEAFOOD QUALITY. 2 Practical evaluation of fish quality by objective, subjective, and statistical testing (Cesarettin Alasalvar, John M. Grigor, and Zulfiqur Ali) 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Methods used for fish freshness and quality assessment: from source to the consumer. 2.3 Potential use of micro- and nanotechnologies. 2.4 Conclusions. References. 3 Sensory evaluation of fish freshness and eating qualities (David P. Green). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Methods for sensory evaluation of fish. 3.3 Pre-harvest factors affecting freshness. 3.4 Post-harvest factors affecting freshness. 3.5 Environmental taints. 3.6 Extending freshness and shelf-life in fish. 3.7 Conclusions. References. 4 Sensometric and chemometric approaches to seafood flavour (Kae Morita and Tetsuo Aishima). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Sensometric approach to seafood flavour. 4.3 Chemometric approach to seafood flavour. 4.4 Conclusions. References. 5 Instrumental analysis of seafood flavour (Hun Kim and Keith R. Cadwallader). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Isolation of volatile flavour compounds. 5.3 Instrumental analysis of volatile flavour compounds. 5.4 Conclusions. References. 6 Quality assessment of aquatic foods by machine vision, electronic nose, and electronic tongue (Figen Korel and Murat Ö. Balaban). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Visual quality. 6.3 Smell-related quality. 6.4 Taste-related quality. 6.5 Combination of machine vision system and electronic nose. 6.6 Conclusions. References. 7 Effects of nutrition and aquaculture practices on fish quality (Kriton Grigorakis). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 The role of muscle composition and fat deposition in fish quality. 7.3 Effect of feeding and aquaculture practices on quality characteristics. 7.4 Conclusions. References. 8 Lipid oxidation, odour, and colour of fish flesh (Jeong-Ho Sohn and Toshiaki Ohshima). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Quantitative determination methodology of total lipid hydroperoxides by a flow injection analysis system. 8.3 Lipid oxidation in ordinary and dark muscle of fish. 8.4 Effects of bleeding and perfusion of yellowtail on post-mortem lipid oxidation of ordinary and dark muscles. 8.5 Conclusions. References. 9 Blackening of crustaceans during storage: mechanism and prevention (Kohsuke Adachi and Takashi Hirata). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Phylogenetic position of prawns: the relation of PO and Hc. 9.3 Biosynthetic pathway of melanin. 9.4 Significance of melanisation in arthropods: pre-harvest and post-harvest. 9.5 Biochemical characterisation of proPO and PO. 9.6 The relationship of PO and melanogenesis in prawns. 9.7 Hemocyanin and its enzymatic activation. 9.8 The relationship of frozen storage and blackening. 9.9 Prevention of melanosis in prawns. 9.10 Conclusions. References. 10 Quality of freshwater products (Masaki Kaneniwa). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Lipid and fatty acid composition in freshwater fish. 10.3 The effect of dietary fatty acid composition in cultured freshwater fish. 10.4 Enzymatic hydrolysis of lipid in the muscle of freshwater fish. 10.5 Quality of frozen surimi from freshwater fish meat. 10.6 Conclusions. 10.7 Acknowledgements. References. 11 Texture measurements in fish and fish products (Zulema Coppes-Petricorena) 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Measurement of fish texture. 11.3 Relevance of measuring texture in fish products. 11.4 Textural measurements of fish products. 11.5 Conclusions. 11.6 Acknowledgements. References. 12 Quality and safety of packaging materials for aquatic products (T.K. Srinivasa Gopal and C.N. Ravi Shankar). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Packaging materials. 12.3 Packaging requirements for fish products. 12.4 Safety aspects of packaging materials. 12.5 Conclusions. References. 13 Fish mince: cryostabilization and product formulation (Chong M. Lee). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Background information. 13.3 Manufacture of fish mince and cryostabilization. 13.4 Formulation of fish mince-based products in relation to ingredients and sensory quality. 13.5 Conclusions. 13.6 Acknowledgements. References. 14 New trends in species identification of fishery products (Hartmut Rehbein). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Background information. 14.3 Microarrays. 14.4 Messenger RNA analysis. 14.5 Detection of allergenic fish and shellfish. 14.6 Determination of origin and stock assignment of fish. 14.7 Data bases. 14.8 Conclusions. References. 15 An emerging powerful technique: NMR applications on quality assessments of fish and related products (Somer Bekiroglu). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Low-field (time-domain) NMR applications. 15.3 High-field NMR applications. 15.4 Projections on MRI applications. 15.5 Conclusions. References. PART II SEAFOOD SAFETY. 16 Food-borne pathogens in seafood and their control (Dominic Kasujja Bagenda and Koji Yamazaki). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Major food-borne pathogens related to seafood. 16.3 Current trends in control of seafood-borne pathogens. 16.4 Conclusions. References. 17 Novel approaches in seafood preservation techniques (Fatih Özogul, Yesim Özogul, and Esmeray Kuley Boga). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Seafood preservation techniques. 17.3 Conclusions. References. 18 Essential oils: natural antimicrobials for fish preservation (Barakat S.M. Mahmoud and Kazuo Miyashita). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Essential oils. 18.3 Application of essential oils to fish preservation. 18.4 Conclusions. References. 19 Rapid methods for the identification of seafood micro-organisms (Brian H. Himelbloom, Alexandra C.M. Oliveira, and Thombathu S. Shetty). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Non-molecular (phenotyping). 19.3 Molecular (genotyping). 19.4 Conclusions. 19.5 Acknowledgements. References. 20 Using predictive models for the shelf-life and safety of seafood (Graham C. Fletcher). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Predicting contamination. 20.3 Predicting microbiological safety in chilled storage. 20.4 Predicting spoilage and shelf-life in chilled storage. 20.5 Predicting spoilage and shelf-life in frozen storage. 20.6 Predicting inactivation. 20.7 Conclusions. References. 21 Mathematical modelling of shrimp cooking (Ferruh Erdogdu and Murat Ö. Balaban) 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Exact solutions. 21.3 Numerical solutions. 21.4 A numerical model for shrimp cooking. 21.5 Applications. 21.6 Conclusions. 21.7 Nomenclature. References. 22 Transgenic/transgenic modified fish (Jenn-Kan Lu, Jen-Leih Wu, and Meng-Tsan Chiang). 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Methodology of gene transfer in fish. 22.3 Food safety of transgenic fish. 22.4 Regulations of transgenic animals including aquatic animals. 22.5 Conclusions. References. 23 Molecular detection of pathogens in seafood (Iddya Karunasagar and Indrani Karunasagar). 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 Probe hybridisation methods. 23.3 Nucleic acid amplification methods. 23.4 Conclusions. References. 24 DNA-based detection of commercial fish species (Rosalee S. Rasmussen and Michael T. Morrissey) 24.1 Introduction. 24.2 DNA-based methods and gene targets. 24.3 Major collaborative efforts. 24.4 Conclusions. 24.5 Acknowledgements. References. 25 Seafoods and environmental contaminants (Beraat Özcelik, Ümran Uygun, and Banu Bayram). 25.1 Introduction. 25.2 Persistent environmental pollutants (PEPs). 25.3 Aquaculture practices as a source of persistent contaminants. 25.4 Factors affecting the occurrence of PEPs in seafood. 25.5 Risk assessment and regulations. 25.6 Policies to reduce exposure to PEPs. 25.7 Conclusions. References. 26 Oxidation and stability of food-grade fish oil: role of antioxidants (Weerasinghe M. Indrasena and Colin J. Barrow). 26.1 Introduction. 26.2 Process of oxidation. 26.3 Factors affecting the rate of lipid oxidation. 26.4 Food-grade fish oil. 26.5 Control of lipid oxidation and improvement of the stability of fish oil. 26.6 Antioxidants. 26.7 Selection of an antioxidant. 26.8 Conclusions. References. 27 Global legislation for fish safety and quality (Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis and Persefoni Tserkezou). 27.1 Introduction. 27.2 Global legislation in fish and fishery products. 27.3 Conclusions. References. 28 Food safety and quality systems (ISO 22000:2005) in the seafood sector (Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis). 28.1 Introduction. 28.2 Salmon. 28.3 Surimi. 28.4 Crabs. 28.5 Conclusions. References. PART III HEALTH APPLICATIONS OF SEAFOOD. 29 Health benefits associated with seafood consumption (Maria Leonor Nunes, Narcisa Maria Bandarra, and Irineu Batista). 29.1 Introduction. 29.2 Nutritional value. 29.3 Effect of cooking on nutritional value. 29.4 Health benefits of seafood. 29.4.5 Cancer. 29.4.6 Other effects. 29.5 Conclusions. References. 30 A new approach to the functional improvement of fish meat proteins (Hiroki Saeki). 30.1 Introduction. 30.2 Reaction between fish meat protein and reducing sugars through the Maillard reaction. 30.3 Suppression of protein denaturation at the Maillard reaction by controlling the reaction humidity. 30.4 Water solubilisation of fish Mf protein by glycosylation. 30.5 Molecular mechanism of water solubilisation by glycosylation. 30.6 Improvement of the thermal stability and emulsion-forming ability of fish myofibrillar protein. 30.7 Complex utilisation of under-utilised marine bioresources using the glycosylation system. 30.8 Food safety check of fish meat protein conjugated with AO. 30.9 Conclusions. References. 31 Value addition to seafood processing discards (Sachindra M. Nakkarike, Bhaskar Narayan, Masashi Hosokawa, and Kazuo Miyashita). 31.1 Introduction. 31.2 Enzymes from seafood discards. 31.3 Protein hydrolysate and bioactive peptides from seafood discards. 31.4 Collagen and gelatin from fish discards. 31.5 Chitin and chitosan from crustacean discards. 31.6 Carotenoids from crustacean discards. 31.7 Conclusions. References. 32 Role of marine foods in prevention of obesity (Shigeru Nakajima). 32.1 Introduction. 32.2 Anti-obesity effect of marine lipids. 32.3 Anti-obesity effect of histidine. 32.4 Conclusions. References. 33 Microencapsulation, nanoencapsulation, edible film, and coating applications in seafood processing (Subramaniam Sathivel and Don Kramer). 33.1 Introduction. 33.2 Application of microencapsulation technology in fish oil. 33.3 Nanoencapsulated fish oil. 33.4 Edible film and coating applications in seafood. 33.5 Conclusions. References. 34 Fish oil extraction, purification, and its properties (Subramaniam Sathivel). 34.1 Introduction. 34.2 Extraction. 34.3 Fish oil properties. 34.4 Conclusions. References. 35 Nutraceutical quality of shellfish (Bonnie Sun Pan). 35.1 Introduction. 35.2 Chemical compositions. 35.3 Functional activities. 35.4 Functional clam products. 35.5 Conclusions. 35.6 Acknowledgements. References. 36 Marine oils and other marine nutraceuticals (Fereidoon Shahidi and Cesarettin Alasalvar). 36.1 Introduction. 36.2 Specialty and nutraceutical lipids. 36.3 Bioactive peptides and proteins from marine resources. 36.4 Chitin, chitosan, chitosan oligomers, and glucosamine. 36.5 Enzymes. 36.6 Carotenoids. 36.7 Minerals and calcium. 36.8 Shark cartilage, chondroitin sulphate, and squalene. 36.9 Other nutraceuticals from marine resources. 36.10 Conclusions. References. 37 Nutraceuticals and bioactives from marine algae (S.P.J. Namal Senanayake, Naseer Ahmed, and Jaouad Fichtali). 37.1 Introduction. 37.2 Carotenoids. 37.3 Phycobilins. 37.4 Polysaccharides. 37.5 Omega-3 oils. 37.5.1 Characteristics of microalgal oils. 37.6 Conclusions. References. 38 Preparative and industrial-scale isolation and purification of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine sources (Udaya Wanasundara). 38.1 Introduction. 38.2 Concentration methods of n-3 PUFA. 38.3 Conclusions. References. 39 Marine oil processing and application in food products (Fereidoon Shahidi). 39.1 Introduction. 39.2 Marine oil processing. 39.3 Enriched omega-3 oils. 39.4 Application of the omega-3 fatty acids/oils. 39.5 Conclusions. References. 40 Bioactive peptides from seafood and their health effects (Anusha G.P. Samaranayaka and Eunice C.Y. Li-Chan). 40.1 Introduction. 40.2 Sources of bioactive peptides from seafood. 40.3 Potential health benefits of bioactive peptides derived from seafood. 40.4 Current and future applications. 40.5 Conclusions. References. 41 Antioxidative properties of fish protein hydrolysates (Sivakumar Raghavan, Hordur G. Kristinsson, Gudjon Thorkelsson, and Ragnar Johannsson). 41.1 Introduction. 41.2 FPH as food antioxidants. 41.3 Sensory attributes of FPH. 41.4 Physiological and bioactive properties of FPH. 41.5 Conclusions. References. 42 Functional and nutraceutical ingredients from marine macroalgae (Tao Wang, Guorún Ólafsdóttir, Rósa Jónsdóttir, Hordur G. Kristinsson, and Ragnar Johannsson). 42.1 Introduction. 42.2 Functional and nutraceutical properties of polyphenols from marine algae. 42.3 Functional and nutraceutical properties of sulphated polysaccharides from marine algae. 42.4 Functional and nutraceutical properties of fucoxanthin from marine algae. 42.5 Functional and nutraceutical properties of sterols from marine algae. 42.6 Functional and nutraceutical properties of bioactive peptides from marine algae. 42.7 Conclusions. References. 43 Seafood enzymes and their potential industrial application (Swapna C. Hathwar, Amit K. Rai, Sachindra M. Nakkarike, and Bhaskar Narayan). 43.1 Introduction. 43.2 Types of seafood enzymes and their applications. 43.3 Conclusions. References. Index. The colour plate section.

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Book SynopsisThe Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive.Trade Review"This is undoubtedly the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of Atlantic salmon ecology for several decades and I would recommend it to any with an interest in the subject. I expect this will be the authoritative text on the subject, probably for the next two decades." (Journal of Fish Biology, 2011) "As can be seen from this brief review of the contents, this book is a very comprehensive review of the ecology of Atlantic salmon and should be read by all those involved in salmon research, conservation and management." (Freshwater Biological Association, 2011) "The editors (of the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Norwegian U. of Science and Technology, Norwegian College of Fisheries Science at the U. of Tromso, and Oslo U. College, all in Norway) present a text aiming to provide a comprehensive treatment of the ecology of the Atlantic salmon." (SciTech Book News, December 2010)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface and acknowledgements. Reviewers. Contributors. Glossary. 1 Aquatic Nomads: The Life and Migrations of the Atlantic Salmon. Eva B. Thorstad, Fred Whoriskey, Audun H. Rikardsen & Kim Aarestrup 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Atlantic salmon life cycle. 1.3 Geographic distribution. 1.4 Smolt and post-smolt migration – from juvenile life in the river to feeding in the ocean. 1.4.1 Downriver smolt migration. 1.4.2 Marine post-smolt migration. 1.5 Spawning migration – from feeding in the ocean to spawning in the river. 1.5.1 Returning from ocean feeding grounds and entering the rivers. 1.5.2 Upstream river migration. 1.5.3 Factors affecting the upstream river migration. 1.6 Kelt migration – after spawning and during outward migration. 1.7 Homing and orientation mechanisms. 1.8 Conclusion and future research needs. References. 2 Reproductive Ecology: A Tale of Two Sexes. Ian A. Fleming & Sigurd Einum 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Reproductive strategies: age and size at maturity. 2.2.1 Among populations. 2.2.2 Within populations and the evolution of alternative reproductive phenotypes. 2.2.3 Anadromous and resident phenotypes. 2.3 Reproductive investment. 2.3.1 Differences between the sexes. 2.3.2 Differences between reproductive phenotypes. 2.3.3 Survival costs. 2.4 Breeding behaviour and success. 2.4.1 Females. 2.4.2 Anadromous males. 2.4.3 Mature male parr. 2.5 Reproductive success through effects on the next generation. 2.5.1 Egg and larvae development. 2.6 Maternal influences on offspring. 2.6.1 Egg size. 2.6.2 Spawning time. 2.6.3 Spawning location and consequences for population productivity. References. 3 Freshwater Habitat Requirements of Atlantic Salmon. Anders G. Finstad, John D. Armstrong & Keith H. Nislow 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 The fundamental niche and freshwater habitat requirements. 3.2.1 Scope for growth. 3.2.2 Trading off growth and survival. 3.3 Realised niche and observed habitat use. 3.4 Large-scale determinants of Atlantic salmon habitat. 3.5 Managing Atlantic salmon freshwater habitats. 3.5.1 General principles. 3.5.2 Optimum habitat-production landscapes. 3.5.3 Management strategies. 3.5.4 Reference conditions and habitat management. 3.5.5 The future. References. 4 The When, What and Where of Freshwater Feeding. Morten Johansen, Jaakko Erkinaro & Per-Arne Amundsen 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Diet selectivity. 4.3 Drift vs. benthic feeding. 4.4 Ontogenetic changes in diet. 4.4.1 Fry. 4.4.2 Parr. 4.4.3 Smolt. 4.4.4 Adults. 4.5 Temporal feeding patterns. 4.5.1 Day vs. night. 4.5.2 Season. 4.6 Spatial feeding patterns. 4.6.1 Microhabitat scale. 4.6.2 Mesohabitat scale. 4.6.3 Habitat scale. 4.7 Interspecific food resource partitioning. 4.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives. References. 5 Dietary Life-Support: The Food and Feeding of Atlantic Salmon at Sea. Audun H. Rikardsen & J. Brian Dempson 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Post-smolt nearshore feeding. 5.2.1 Geographical and annual differences. 5.3 Open ocean feeding of post-smolts. 5.3.1 Post-smolt diet in the open ocean. 5.4 Open ocean feeding of pre-adults and adult pre-spawning salmon. 5.4.1 Northwest Atlantic Ocean. 5.4.2 Northeast Atlantic Ocean. 5.5 Summary and conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 6 The Behavioural Flexibility of Salmon Growth. Torbjørn Forseth, Benjamin H. Letcher & Morten Johansen 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Patterns of Atlantic salmon growth. 6.3 Environmental sources of growth variation. 6.3.1 Abiotic factors. 6.3.2 Biotic factors. 6.4 Maternal sources of growth variation. 6.5 Genetic sources of growth variation. 6.6 Constraints to growth. 6.7 Growth modelling. 6.7.1 Laboratory models. 6.7.2 Field-based models. 6.8 Perspectives for management. References. 7 The Role of Competition in the Ecology of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Keith H. Nislow, John D. Armstrong & James W. A. Grant 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Intraspecific competition. 7.2.1 Intracohort interactions. 7.2.2 Intercohort competition. 7.2.3 Competition among wild and farmed Atlantic salmon. 7.3 Interspecific competition. 7.3.1. Species assemblages in Atlantic salmon rivers. 7.3.2 Competitors other than fish. 7.3.3 Non-salmonid fishes as competitors. 7.3.4 Competition with other salmonid species. 7.4 Conclusions. References. 8 Predation: Compensation and Context Dependence. Darren M. Ward & Nils A. Hvidsten 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Major salmon predators. 8.2.1 Eggs. 8.2.2 Fry. 8.2.3 Parr. 8.2.4 Smolts. 8.2.5 Post-smolts in estuaries. 8.2.6 Post-smolts at sea. 8.2.7 Adults. 8.3 Conceptual models of predation. 8.3.1 Additive and compensatory mortality. 8.3.2 Functional response. 8.3.3 Predator abundance. 8.3.4 Trait-mediated effects. 8.3.5 Implications of predation for salmon populations. 8.3.6 Predator control. 8.4 Conclusions. References. 9 The Parasites and Pathogens of the Atlantic Salmon: Lessons from. Gyrodactylus salaris. Phil D. Harris, Lutz Bachmann & Tor A. Bakke 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The parasite community of Atlantic salmon. 9.2.1 The parasite community of freshwater immature stages. 9.2.2 The parasite community of salmon in the sea. 9.2.3 The parasite community in adult fish returning to fresh water. 9.3. G... salaris. and the epidemiological triangle. 9.3.1. G. salaris: ‘The Russian doll killer’. 9.3.2 The agent: pathogenic or benign? Taxonomic issues surrounding. G. salaris. 9.3.3 The physicochemical environment: The role of environment in shaping infection outcomes. 9.4 Managing disease in wild salmonid populations. References. 10 The Effect of Sea Lice on Atlantic Salmon and other Salmonid Species. Bengt Finstad, Pål A. Bjørn, Christopher D. Todd, Fred Whoriskey, Patrick G. Gargan, Gregory Forde & Crawford W. Revie 10.1 Introduction. 10.1.1 Sea lice biology. 10.1.2 General effects of sea lice on fish physiology. 10.1.3 General effects of sea lice on fish populations. 10.2 The sea lice story from Norway. 10.2.1 Historical data. 10.2.2 Infestation levels of Atlantic salmon post-smolts. 10.2.3 Sea lice effects on Atlantic salmon – adult returns. 10.3 The sea lice story from Canada. 10.3.1 Historical data. 10.3.2 Effects of sea lice on Atlantic salmon – east coast. 10.3.3 Effects of sea lice on salmonids – west coast. 10.4 The sea lice story from Ireland. 10.4.1 Effects of sea lice on Atlantic salmon. 10.4.2 Effects of sea lice on sea trout. 10.5 The sea lice story from Scotland. 10.5.1 Historical data. 10.5.2 Effects of sea lice on Atlantic salmon. 10.6 Management. 10.6.1 Sea lice management in Norway. 10.6.2 Sea lice management in Canada. 10.6.3 Sea lice management in Ireland. 10.6.4 Sea lice management in Scotland. 10.7 Concluding remarks. References. 11 Variation in Population Size through Time and Space: Theory and Recent Empirical Advances from Atlantic Salmon. Sigurd Einum & Keith H. Nislow 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Temporal variation in Atlantic salmon abundance. 11.2.1 Density dependence vs. density independence. 11.2.2 Empirical evidence for density dependence in Atlantic salmon. 11.3 Environmental influences on population dynamics. 11.4 Density dependence throughout the juvenile stage. 11.5 Spatial aspects of density dependence. References. 12 Stock, Recruitment and Exploitation. Kjetil Hindar, Jeffrey A. Hutchings, Ola H. Diserud & Peder Fiske 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 State of Atlantic salmon populations. 12.2.1 Migratory populations. 12.2.2 Non-migratory populations. 12.3 Stock and recruitment in Atlantic salmon populations. 12.3.1 Spatial variation in stock and recruitment relationships. 12.3.2 Temporal variation in SR relationships. 12.4 Spawning targets: from single populations to nation-wide levels. 12.4.1 Methodology – transfer from data-rich to data-poor rivers. 12.4.2 Spawning targets for North America. 12.4.3 Spawning targets for Europe. 12.4.4 Spawning target uncertainties. 12.5 Exploitation. 12.5.1 History of exploitation. 12.5.2 Exploitation rates. 12.5.3 Composition of catches. 12.6 Evolutionary and ecological effects of fishing. 12.7 Management implications. References. 13 Landscape and Land Use Effects on Atlantic Salmon. Ola Ugedal & Anders G. Finstad 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 The multiple spatial scales of freshwater productivity. 13.2.1 Global and regional scales. 13.2.2 Catchment and reach scales. 13.3 Land use and Atlantic salmon. 13.3.1 Global trends. 13.3.2 Catchment effects. 13.4 Concluding remarks. References. 14 Hydropower Development – Ecological Effects. Bjørn Ove Johnsen, Jo Vegar Arnekleiv, Lars Asplin, Bjørn T. Barlaup, Tor F. Næsje, Bjørn Olav Rosseland, Svein Jakob Saltveit & Arve Tvede 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Changes in physical, chemical, hydrological and biologicalfactors in rivers and fjord systems as a consequence of hydropower development. 14.2.1 River systems. 14.2.2 Fjord systems. 14.3 Changes in survival, growth, migration and production of salmon in rivers and fjords. 14.3.1 Rivers. 14.3.2 Fjord systems. 14.4 Measures to compensate for negative effects of hydropower development. 14.4.1 Use of biological and physical measures. 14.5 Conclusion. References. 15 Lessons from Acidification and Pesticides. Bjørn Olav Rosseland & Frode Kroglund 15.1 General water quality of Atlantic salmon rivers. 15.2 Major classes of pollutants. 15.3 Acidification. 15.4 Pesticides and Atlantic salmon. 15.5 Conclusion. References. 16 Getting into Hot Water? Atlantic Salmon Responses to Climate Change in Freshwater and Marine Environments. Christopher D. Todd, Kevin D. Friedland, Julian C. MacLean, Neil Hazon & Arne J. Jensen 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Past and present climate for Atlantic salmon. 16.3 Upstream river migration and spawning. 16.4 Eggs and alevins. 16.5 Parr life. 16.6 Smolt migration. 16.7 Geographical distribution and recent trends in adult stock abundance. 16.8 Ocean climate influences on run-timing and adult abundance/recruitment. 16.9 Migration, diurnal behaviour and changes in the epipelagic food web. 16.10 Do changes in North Atlantic zooplankton communities comprise regime shifts?. 16.11 Change in size and growth in the marine environment. 16.12 Adult somatic condition and lipid reserves: indicators of ocean climate deterioration?. 16.13 Maturity schedules. 16.14 Large-scale indicator indices of ocean climate change and impacts on salmon. 16.15 Management issues and responses to changes in ocean climate. References. 17 Salmon Ecological Research and Conservation. Øystein Aas, David Policansky, Sigurd Einum & Jostein Skurdal 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Ecological research that contributes to conservation. 17.3 Environment, genetics, and changes in life-history. 17.4 Enhanced cooperation. 17.5 Multidisciplinary science. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisBuilding on the success of its popular predecessor, the second edition of Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles presents newly available findings on the species that are important environmental indicators. This new edition covers nearly twice as many topics as the first, including recent developments in the ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles, the current status of these animals, and intrinsic factors that affect their susceptibility to contaminants. The book also provides the latest information on specific groups of contaminants and their effects and body burdens in herpetafauna. After a review of how contaminants interact with other ecological factors, the text explores concerns for the future. New in the second edition: New research on the effects of pesticides, heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and UVB Increased focus on the effects of contaminants rather than merely reporting residue information A synthesTable of ContentsRecent Advancements in Amphibian and Reptile Ecotoxicology. Declines and the Global Status of Amphibians. The Global Status of Reptiles and Causes of Their Decline. Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles in a Nutshell. Physiological Ecology of Amphibians and Reptiles: Natural History and Life History Attributes Framing Chemical Exposure in the Field. Effects of Current Use Pesticides on Amphibians. Ecotoxicology of Pesticides in Reptiles. Atrazine in the Environment and Its Implications for Amphibians and Reptiles. Ecotoxicology of Organic Contaminants to Amphibians. Organic Contaminants in Reptiles. Interdisciplinary and Hierarchical Approaches for Studying the Effects of Metals and Metalloids on Amphibians. The Ecotoxicology of Metals in Reptiles. Solar UV Radiation and Amphibians: Factors Mitigating Injury. Multiple Stressors and Indirect Food Web Effects of Contaminants on Herptofauna. Emerging Contaminants and Their Potential Effects on Amphibians and Reptiles. A Decade of Deformities: Advances in Our Understanding of Amphibian Malformations and Their Implications. Population Estimation Methods for Amphibians and Reptiles. Epilogue: Ecotoxicology of Amphibians and Reptiles — Where Should Be We Going and How Do We Get There? Appendix.

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Book SynopsisIncreasing interest in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues continues to create a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing recent research. Now in its 49th volume, Oceanography and Marine Biology has addressed this demand for almost 50 years. This annual review considers the basics of marine research, special topics, and emerging new areas. Regarding the marine sciences as a unified field, the text features contributors who are actively engaged in biological, chemical, geological, and physical aspects of marine science. This year's chapters include, The marine invasive alien species in European Seas that have the most impact, Threats to the diversity of coral-dwelling invertebrates due to climate change and induced coral bleaching, and Burrowing shrimps as ecosystem engineers, among others. Including color inserts and extensive reference lists, this series is essential for researchers and students Table of ContentsImpact of Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification on Marine Invertebrate Life History Stages: Vulnerabilities and Potential for Persistence in a Changing Ocean. Coral-Associated Invertebrates: Diversity, Ecological Importance and Vulnerability to Disturbance. From Microbes to People: Tractable Benefits of No-Take Areas for Coral Reefs. Bioengineering Effects of Burrowing Thalassinidean Shrimps on Marine Soft-Bottom Ecosystems. Estimating Connectivity in Marine Fish Populations: What Works Best? The Use of Sediment Profile Imaging (SPI) for Environmental Impact Assessments and Monitoring Studies: Lessons Learned From the Past Four Decades.

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Book SynopsisEver-increasing interest in oceanography and marine biology and their relevance to global environmental issues creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarising the results of recent research. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review has catered to this demand since its founding by the late Harold Barnes fifty years ago. Its objectives are to consider, annually, the basic areas of marine research, returning to them when appropriate in future volumes; to deal with subjects of special and topical importance; and to add new subjects as they arise.The favourable reception accorded to all the volumes shows that the series is fulfilling a very real need: reviews and sales have been gratifying. A milestone in the history of the series, the fiftieth volume follows closely the objectives and style of the earlier volumes, continuing to regard the marine scienceswith all their various aspectsas a unity. Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of marine sciTable of ContentsIron Bioavailability in the Southern Ocean. Anthropogenic Nutrient Enrichment and Blooms of Harmful Phytoplankton. Benthic Invertebrates in a High-CO2 World. Changing Coasts: Marine Aliens and Artificial Structures. Challenges to the Assessment of Benthic Populations and Biodiversity as a Result of Rhythmic Behaviour: Video Solutions from Cabled Observatories. Measuring the Performance of Spatial Management in Marine Protected Areas.

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Book SynopsisThis is the sixteenth issue in the FAO series of worldwide annotated and illustrated catalogues of major groups of organisms that enter marine fisheries. It contains the 159 species in 15 genera known from the serranid subfamily Epinephelinae, including one species new to science. There is an introductory section with general remarks on habitat and fisheries of the family, a glossary of technical terms, an illustrated key to each genus and all species, and a detailed account for all species. Species accounts include an illustration of each species, scientific and vernacular names, and information on habitat, biology, fisheries, size, relevant literature, and distribution. Following the species accounts are a list of nominal species in the subfamily, a table of species by major marine fishing areas, and colour plates. A list of all nominal species and their present allocations is given. The work is fully indexed and there is a comprehensive list of references to pertinent literature.Trade Review"The book is very attractive and the strength of this guide lies in its detailed drawings, high-quality colour photographs, taxonomic keys and other biological data. … The arrangement of the book is well suited to both laboratory and field work, especially as it comprises over 150 species from the 16 genera of groupers with over 350 colour photographs … . In my view, the authors have set a new standard for fish classification, and the arrangement is quite clever from the point of view of presenting outstanding photographs of live specimens and in sorting the species information from an economic point of view. …This guide is a very colourful and attractive publication that offers a consistent treatment of groupers occurring in habitats around the world. It is a very useful book that should be of great help to those interested in marine fish species, from amateurs to professionals enjoying the fascination of groupers' diversity. The layout and quality of the publication live up to the high standard we have come to expect from the publisher and … readers will find the book to be excellent value for money."—Laith A. Jawad, Fish Biodiversity Expert and Consultant, Marine Science and Fisheries Centre, Ministry of Fisheries wealth, Sultanate of Oman, Marine Biology Research, Vol. 8, 2012"... prior to Groupers of the World, there was no comprehensive guide to all groupers that included both underwater and market specimen color photographs. The contribution includes a short introductory chapter, a section on how to use the guide, which includes a glossary of terms, and detailed accounts of all 163 valid species of the family Epinephelidae.Altogether, this book does an excellent job of summarizing information available for groupers, and is an excellent guide for identification both in the field and in fish markets. The wealth of information about conservation is an added bonus, and it is hoped that it will influence fishermen in the tropics. In conclusion, I strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in grouper identification, biology and conservation."—Luiz A. Rocha, Assistant Curator and Follett Chair of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, Copeia, December 2012"In addition to introducing readers to the field and summarizing the latest scientific discoveries, this book serves as a detailed reference guide to the 163 known species of grouper. The authors demonstrate how to identify each species using more than 300 beautiful color photographs and line drawings, and detailed maps show where each can be found. The population status (including major threats and some proposed solutions), IUCN Red List conservation status, life history information and known feeding behavior is also reviewed for each species."—David Shiffman – WhySharksMatter, in Southern Fried Science, July 23, 2012"The book is very attractive and the strength of this guide lies in its detailed drawings, high-quality colour photographs, taxonomic keys and other biological data. … The arrangement of the book is well suited to both laboratory and field work, especially as it comprises over 150 species from the 16 genera of groupers with over 350 colour photographs … . In my view, the authors have set a new standard for fish classification, and the arrangement is quite clever from the point of view of presenting outstanding photographs of live specimens and in sorting the species information from an economic point of view. …This guide is a very colourful and attractive publication that offers a consistent treatment of groupers occurring in habitats around the world. It is a very useful book that should be of great help to those interested in marine fish species, from amateurs to professionals enjoying the fascination of groupers' diversity. The layout and quality of the publication live up to the high standard we have come to expect from the publisher and … readers will find the book to be excellent value for money."—Laith A. Jawad, Fish Biodiversity Expert and Consultant, Marine Science and Fisheries Centre, Ministry of Fisheries wealth, Sultanate of Oman, Marine Biology Research, Vol. 8, 2012"... prior to Groupers of the World, there was no comprehensive guide to all groupers that included both underwater and market specimen color photographs. The contribution includes a short introductory chapter, a section on how to use the guide, which includes a glossary of terms, and detailed accounts of all 163 valid species of the family Epinephelidae.Altogether, this book does an excellent job of summarizing information available for groupers, and is an excellent guide for identification both in the field and in fish markets. The wealth of information about conservation is an added bonus, and it is hoped that it will influence fishermen in the tropics. In conclusion, I strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in grouper identification, biology and conservation."—Luiz A. Rocha, Assistant Curator and Follett Chair of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, Copeia, December 2012"In addition to introducing readers to the field and summarizing the latest scientific discoveries, this book serves as a detailed reference guide to the 163 known species of grouper. The authors demonstrate how to identify each species using more than 300 beautiful color photographs and line drawings, and detailed maps show where each can be found. The population status (including major threats and some proposed solutions), IUCN Red List conservation status, life history information and known feeding behavior is also reviewed for each species."—David Shiffman – WhySharksMatter, in Southern Fried Science, July 23, 2012Table of ContentsIntroduction to Groupers. Biology, Ecology, and Distribution. Status of Grouper Fisheries. Conservation Status of Groupers. Systematics of Groupers. Biological Data and IUCN Criteria. Glossary of Terms. Aethaloperca Species. Alphestes Species. Anyperodon Species. Cephalopholis Species. Cromileptes Species. Dermatolepis Species. Epinephelus Species. Gonioplectrus Species. Gracila Species. Hyporthodus Species. Mycteroperca Species. Paranthias Species. Plectropomus Species. Saloptia Species. Triso Species. Variola Species. Bibliography. Databases.

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Book SynopsisOver the past ten years, a number of new large-scale oceanographic programs have been initiated. These include the Climate Variability Program (CLIVAR) and the recent initiation of the Geochemical Trace Metal Program (GEOTRACES). These studies and future projects will produce a wealth of information on the biogeochemistry of the world's oceans. Authored by Frank J. Millero, an acknowledged international authority in the field, the fourth edition of Chemical Oceanography maintains the stellar insight that has made it a favorite of students, instructors, researchers, and other professionals in marine science, geochemistry, and environmental chemistry. Reflecting the latest updates on issues affecting the health of our environment, this text: Supplies an in-depth treatment of ocean acidification, a key emerging environmental problem Provides updated coverage on the carbonate system in the ocean Presents expanded information on oceanic organicTable of ContentsDescriptive Oceanography. Composition of the Major Components of Seawater. Minor Elements in Seawater. Ionic Interactions. Atmospheric Chemistry. Dissolved Gases Other than CO. The Carbonate System. Micronutrients in the Oceans. Primary Production in the Oceans. Processes in the Oceans. Glossary of Chemical Oceanography Terms. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisMarine Biomedicine: From Beach to Bedside assesses current efforts in marine biomedicine and evaluates the implications of recent advances on the future of the field.Richly illustrated in full color to enhance reader comprehension, the book covers four sections. The first one addresses the technology that has recently been brought to bear on the study of marine natural products, including omics and bioinformatic techniques. The second focuses on lead discovery and reviews various products and their biomedical potential. Examples of clinically successful marine products and discussions of approaches to the clinic are presented in the third section while the last section discusses prospects for the future of marine biodiscovery.Highlighting new technologies, this valuable resource provides an overview of both what is currently possible in the field as well as a detailed look at what is being done in marine natural produTrade Review"This book is a most welcome treatise on the various aspects of discovering and developing medicines from marine organisms. [It] is a well-written and well-edited book, with excellent figures and overall production values. It is a must-read for anyone in or contemplating entry into the field of marine natural products. There is also insight and value here for drug discovery and medicinal chemistry groups in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries."--John H. Cardellina, II, ReevesGroup Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States"This book is a most welcome treatise on the various aspects of discovering and developing medicines from marine organisms. [It] is a well-written and well-edited book, with excellent figures and overall production values. It is a must-read for anyone in or contemplating entry into the field of marine natural products. There is also insight and value here for drug discovery and medicinal chemistry groups in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries."--John H. Cardellina, II, ReevesGroup Virginia Beach, Virginia, United StatesTable of ContentsMARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: INFORMING THE SEARCH. Accessing Chemical Diversity through Metagenomics. Chemical Characterization of Marine Organisms Using a Metabolomic Approach. Biosynthetic Approaches to Marine Drug Discovery and Development. Dereplication of Natural Products Using Databases. MARINE BIODISCOVERY: LEAD DISCOVERY. Logistic Considerations to Deliver Natural Product Libraries for High-Throughput Screening. Screening Marine Microbial Libraries. Screening Strategies for Drug Discovery and Target Identification. Anti-Infective Agents from Marine Sources. Screening for Antiparasitic Marine Natural Products. Central Nervous System Modulators from the Oceans. Marine Organisms in Cancer Chemoprevention. Off the Beaten Path: Natural Products from Extreme Environments. Bioprospecting Fungi and the Labyrinthulomycetes at the Ocean-Land Interface. Medicinal Chemistry and Lead Optimization of Marine Natural Products. MARINE PRODUCTS IN BIOMEDICINE. The Travails of Clinical Trials with Marine-Sourced Compounds. Conopeptides, Marine Natural Products from Venoms: Biomedical Applications and Future Research Applications. Development and Commercialization of a Fully Synthetic Marine Natural Product Analogue, Halaven (Eribulin Mesylate). Marine Natural Products in Pharma: How Industry Missed the Boat. In Vitro Model for Defining Neurotoxicity of Anticancer Agents. PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE OF MARINE BIODISCOVERY.Comments on the Past and Future of Marine Natural Product Drug Discovery.

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology offers a revolutionary and definitive approach for the efficient delivery of drug molecules to non-healthy tissues and cells. This first volume of a series of two volumes analyzes the basics in the development of drug-loaded nanoplatforms, the so-called nanomedicines. Special attention is given to physicochemical engineering, pharmacokinetics, biocompatibility and biodegradability, representative nanoplatforms (based on lipids, polymers, cyclodextrins, metals, carbon, silica, iron oxides, etc.), and advanced nano-engineering strategies for passive, ligand-mediated, and/or stimuli-sensitive drug delivery and release.Table of ContentsPart I: Gamete Quality. Introduction. Gamete physiology, fertilization and egg activation. Part II: It Is Traits That Rule, Genes Only Follow in Their Wake. Life history. Part III. Behavior. Part IV. Genetics and conservation. Part V. Molecular techniques. Evolution and speciation. Conclusions and future perspectives. Glossary. References.

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Book SynopsisProvides the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary examination of justice research in Australian environmental management, identifying best practice and current knowledge gaps. With chapters written by experts in environmental and social sciences, law and economics, this book covers topical issues.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a timely analysis of the role that informationparticularly scientific informationplays in the policy-making and decision-making processes in coastal and ocean management. It includes contributions from global experts in marine environmental science, marine policy, fisheries, public policy and administration, resource management, risk management, and information management.The book is divided into four sections that provide focused analyses, including An overview of the characteristics of the sciencepolicy interface, including a discussion of the role of scientific information in policy making and an argument that the term sciencepolicy interface is inaccurate due to the existence of many possible interfaces Descriptions of fundamental concepts and principles for understanding the role of information in effective integrated coastal and ocean management National and international case studies that illustrate key factors in successfuTrade Review"This volume will be of great use to the growing numbers of ocean practitioners from all sectors, dedicated to improving the health and sustainability of our oceans, for generations to come."—Michael H. Depledge, University of Exeter Medical School, from the Foreword "Although there is international acceptance of the need for integrated coastal and ocean management (ICOM), this book demonstrates that increased scientific understanding of these environments does not necessarily lead to better policy making. This book is unique in that it examines the diversity of actors and factors bridging the science–policy interface, such as the inclusion of both gray and primary literature, different forms of knowledge, information brokers, boundary organizations, different levels of decision makers, governance structures, and politics."—Nick Harvey, University of Adelaide "Global coastal systems are among the dynamic and complex environments humans engage. This volume takes on a rare and broad-ranging view of how science and information can be used to more effectively and sustainably manage these essential places. It is a welcome contribution to the literature during a period of great social vulnerability to global environmental change. The authors lucidly articulate contextual and conceptual frameworks to better understand the science–policy interface in the early pages of the book. Then, to expand and solidify the value of the book, they build a series of case-based analyses for clarity of argument. This volume is of great value to those working at the science–policy interface generally and the coastal systems change in particular."—Robert E. Bowen, University of Massachusetts "This book will be useful to all major groups in the policy-making process, including senior policy makers and decision makers, policy advisors, resource managers, information managers, scientists and other practitioners in coastal and ocean management. The authors have wisely dedicated this book to the new generation of professionals involved in the challenging task of managing our coastal and ocean spaces for future generations. It adds substantially to the growing body of research literature on the science–policy interface and I recommend this important volume to the new generation of ‘information brokers’ who occupy the space between science and policy and build bridges of communication and understanding."—Lawrence Hildebrand, World Maritime University "This book is a must-read for both practitioners and scholars of science–policy interaction in ocean politics, and will also be a useful reference point beyond this domain for the entire field of global environmental governance."—Frank Biermann, Utrecht University and Earth System Governance Project "This book addresses how to communicate scientific information to policy makers so that it can be used most effectively in decision making and ultimately to improve the sustainability of human activities in the ocean. The theme, Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICOM), encapsulates the broader systems-based approach that is required to solve the complex problems faced in the oceans today that derive from multiple stressors and may involve many sectors. As a scientist who has often worked on the interface of knowledge and policy I found I recognized many of the themes picked up in this book. It is a tremendously valuable contribution to advancing sustainable management and conservation of the ocean and will be of use to marine scientists, students who have an interest in applying their work and knowledge to real problems, and to the governance and NGO community, whether they wish to make better use of science in policy development or whether they want to get others to make use of such information."—Alex David Rogers, University of Oxford "Is the book worth reading? I certainly think so. The case studies are interesting and illustrate theoretical concepts put forward in the book quite well. Researchers looking for inspiration will find this book invaluable. The book will be equally interesting for decision makers."—Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, January 2017 Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. Introduction. Understanding the Science–Policy Interface in Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES. Exploring the Role of Science in Coastal and Ocean Management: A Review. Science Information and Global Ocean Governance. Risk Refined at the Science–Policy Interface: The International Risk Governance Framework Applied to Different Classes of Coastal Zone Risks. Governing the Marine Environment through Information: Fisheries, Shipping and Tourism. Inducing Better Stakeholder Searches for Environmental Information Relevant to Coastal Conservation. When Scientific Uncertainty Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Using Network Analysis to Understand the Building of Trust in Science. Designing Usable Environmental Research. The Balancing Act of Science in Public Policy. Measuring Awareness, Use, and Influence of Information—Where Theory Meets Practice. CASE STUDIES. What Do Users Want from a State of the Environment Report? A Case Study of Awareness and Use of Canada’s State of the Scotian Shelf Report. The Environmental Effects of Ocean Shipping and the Science–Policy Interface. Just Evidence: Opening Health Knowledge to a Parliament of Evidence. Information Matters—The Influence of the Atlantic Coastal Zone Information Steering Committee on Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management in Atlantic Canada. A Career-Based Perspective of Science–Policy Linkages in Environment Canada: The Role of Information in Managing Human Activities in Our Ocean Spaces. Bridging the Science–Policy Divide to Promote Fisheries Knowledge for All: The Case of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Informing and Improving Fisheries Management Outcomes: An Atlantic Canadian Large Pelagics Case Study by the Ecology Action Centre. THE WAY FORWARD. Does Information Matter in ICOM? Critical Issues and the Path Forward.

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Book SynopsisThis book summarizes and analyzes the biology, ecology, exploitation and management of small cetaceans in Japan. It describes the various types of cetacean fisheries in Japan and their historical development, the life histories and ecologies of the main species involved, and the history and problems of conservation and management. The data show that in some cases the number of small cetaceans harvested exceed sustainable limits and have led to depletion of populations. The book provides a case study of what can go wrong when the needs of industry and conservation collide. The descriptions of life history and ecology are relevant to issues of conservation and management, not just for cetaceans, but for all fisheries around the world.Table of ContentsWhales, Dolphins and Men. History of Japanese Cetacean Fisheries. Outline of History of Small-Cetacean Fisheries. Handharpoon Fishery for Dolphins and Porpoises. Drive Fisheries for Dolphins. Small-type Whaling. Management of Cetacean Fisheries in Japan. Regulation of Fisheries for Dolphins and Porpoises. Moving Toward the End of Commercial Whaling. Biology. Finless Porpoise. Dall’s Porpoise. Striped Dolphin. Bottlenose Dolphins. Short-finned Pilot Whale. Baird’s Beaked Whale. Pacific White-sided Dolphin. Cetacean Conservation and Biologists. Postscript. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the harvesting, prevalence and benefits of tilapia and trout. Chapter One begins with a review of the risks and benefits of tilapia. Chapter Two provides a human health risk assessment of heavy metals in the consumption of the fish. Chapter Three studies the utilisation of by-products and waste generated from the tilapia processing industry. Chapter Four reviews thermal ecology of brown trout and the climate change challenge. Chapter Five examines reparative neurogenesis in the adult trout brain and peculiarity of development in the trout''s brain cells in primary culture. Chapter Six focuses on the effects of plant-based feeds on the immune responses of rainbow trout.

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Book SynopsisSmall-scale fishing, a house-hold based enterprise in Puerto Rico, rarely provides sufficient income for a family, but it anchors their culture and sense of themselves within that culture. Even when family members must engage in wage work to supplement house-hold income, they think of themselves as fishers. Liche typifies these wage workers: \u0022When he was quite young, he left the island to struggle in other lands, to work, to raise a family, to send home the money he earned. Ten, twenty, thirty years passed...during which he did not once fish or even see the ocean. But in a boat-building factory in New Jersey, in a bakery in the Bronx, on the production line of a chemical factory, on dozens of construction sites, every single day he made a mental review of the waters, the isles and cays ...and entertained no thought that was not related to his return.\u0022 Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea describes Puerto Rican fishing families as they negotiate homeland and diaspora. It considers how wage work affects their livelihoods and identities at home and how these independent producers move in and out of global commodity markets. Drawing on some 100 life histories and years of fieldwork, David Griffith and Manuel Vald\u00e9s Pizzini have developed a complex, often moving portrait of the men and women who fiercely struggle to hang onto the coastal landscapes and cultural heritage tied to the Caribbean Sea.Trade Review"Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea makes a major contribution to the literature on the anthropology and sociology of fisheries by providing an intelligent analysis of Puerto Rican fishermen which extends beyond a description of their fishing techniques and strategies and, more recently, the implications for public policy. The authors present a wealth of rich and thick data in an organized and coherent fashion...and focus upon the detailed complexities of what these fishermen bring to the increasing conflict between labor and the forces of capital." -Robert Lee Maril, Chair and Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Texas Pan American, and author of Waltzing with the Ghost of Tom Joad "The stunning accomplishment of this book is the way in which the authors have theoretically and ethnographically related deep cultural meanings not only to ecological contexts but to the stuff of political economy-the material social relationships entailed in class formation, the commodity form, and globalizing capitalism generally. Griffith and Valdes Pizzini focus on the praxis of Puerto Rican fishers and their families through a sophisticated theoretical framework that is as illuminating as it is powerful. These are the kinds of heights to which anthropology should strive. This book gives me hope for the discipline's future." -Kevin A. Yelvington, University of South Florida, and author of Producing Power: Ethnicity, Gender, and Class in a Caribbean Workplace (Temple) "This book masterfully shows how combinations of wage labor and informal independent production are still at the heart of global capitalism and the reproduction of proletariat households. Offering some of the best anthropology of labor around, the authors examine the multiple and contradictory meanings of small-scale commercial fishing in Puerto Rico: subsidy to capital, space for rest and therapy, source of pride, identity and livelihood for workers." -Ruben Hernandez-Leon, University of California, Los AngelesTable of ContentsPreface Divided Selves: Domestic Production and Wage Labor in Puerto Rico and Anthropology Palatable Coercion: Fishing in Puerto Rican History Puerto Rican Fisheries Chiripas: Working-class Opportunity and Semiproletarianization Injury and Therapy Roads Less Traveled: Proletarianization and Its Discontents Power Games: Work Versus Leisure Along Puerto Rico's Coast Fragments of a Refuge References Index Photographs

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Book SynopsisSmall-scale fishing, a house-hold based enterprise in Puerto Rico, rarely provides sufficient income for a family, but it anchors their culture and sense of themselves within that culture. Even when family members must engage in wage work to supplement house-hold income, they think of themselves as fishers. Liche typifies these wage workers: \u0022When he was quite young, he left the island to struggle in other lands, to work, to raise a family, to send home the money he earned. Ten, twenty, thirty years passed...during which he did not once fish or even see the ocean. But in a boat-building factory in New Jersey, in a bakery in the Bronx, on the production line of a chemical factory, on dozens of construction sites, every single day he made a mental review of the waters, the isles and cays ...and entertained no thought that was not related to his return.\u0022 Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea describes Puerto Rican fishing families as they negotiate homeland and diaspora. It considers how wage work affects their livelihoods and identities at home and how these independent producers move in and out of global commodity markets. Drawing on some 100 life histories and years of fieldwork, David Griffith and Manuel Vald\u00e9s Pizzini have developed a complex, often moving portrait of the men and women who fiercely struggle to hang onto the coastal landscapes and cultural heritage tied to the Caribbean Sea.Trade Review"Fishers at Work, Workers at Sea makes a major contribution to the literature on the anthropology and sociology of fisheries by providing an intelligent analysis of Puerto Rican fishermen which extends beyond a description of their fishing techniques and strategies and, more recently, the implications for public policy. The authors present a wealth of rich and thick data in an organized and coherent fashion...and focus upon the detailed complexities of what these fishermen bring to the increasing conflict between labor and the forces of capital." -Robert Lee Maril, Chair and Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Texas Pan American, and author of Waltzing with the Ghost of Tom Joad "The stunning accomplishment of this book is the way in which the authors have theoretically and ethnographically related deep cultural meanings not only to ecological contexts but to the stuff of political economy-the material social relationships entailed in class formation, the commodity form, and globalizing capitalism generally. Griffith and Valdes Pizzini focus on the praxis of Puerto Rican fishers and their families through a sophisticated theoretical framework that is as illuminating as it is powerful. These are the kinds of heights to which anthropology should strive. This book gives me hope for the discipline's future." -Kevin A. Yelvington, University of South Florida, and author of Producing Power: Ethnicity, Gender, and Class in a Caribbean Workplace (Temple) "This book masterfully shows how combinations of wage labor and informal independent production are still at the heart of global capitalism and the reproduction of proletariat households. Offering some of the best anthropology of labor around, the authors examine the multiple and contradictory meanings of small-scale commercial fishing in Puerto Rico: subsidy to capital, space for rest and therapy, source of pride, identity and livelihood for workers." -Ruben Hernandez-Leon, University of California, Los AngelesTable of ContentsPreface Divided Selves: Domestic Production and Wage Labor in Puerto Rico and Anthropology Palatable Coercion: Fishing in Puerto Rican History Puerto Rican Fisheries Chiripas: Working-class Opportunity and Semiproletarianization Injury and Therapy Roads Less Traveled: Proletarianization and Its Discontents Power Games: Work Versus Leisure Along Puerto Rico's Coast Fragments of a Refuge References Index Photographs

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Book SynopsisGills of healthy fishes are their lifeline to meet the challenges arising from their changing environment: oxygen gradient, alkalinity, temperature fluctuations and the added pollutants. The diverse and ever changing aquatic environment has a major impact on the organization of various organ-systems of fishes. This book contains seventeen chapters covering bony fishes which are focal to the current study. The chapters primarily cover fish respiration but also include osmoregulation, these being the two main functions of gills. Concurrently, cardiorespiratory synchronization has been well addressed. It is hoped that this book with its broad coverage and well-supported with illustrations will not only infuse interest in readers but merit a permanent place on the shelves of ichthyological literature.Table of ContentsAdaptation of Gas Exchange Systems in Fish Living in Different Environments; Morpho-physiological Divergence Across Aquatic Oxygen Gradients in Fishes; Swimbladder-Lung Homology in Basal Osteichthyes Revisited; The Effects of Temperature on Respiratory and Cardiac Function of Teleost Fish; Oxygen Consumption during Embryonic Development of the Mudskipper (Periophthalmus modestus): Implication for the Aerial Development in Burrows; Gill Morphological Adjustments to Environment and the Gas Exchange Function; Behavior and Adaptation of Air-breathing Fishes; The Osmo-respiratory Compromise in Fish: The Effects of Physiological State and the Environment; Dissolved Oxygen and Gill Morphometry; Environmental Influences on the Respiratory Physiology and Gut Chemistry of a Facultatively Airbreathing, Tropical Herbivorous Fish Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905); Osmoregulatory and Respiratory Adaptations of Lake Magadi Fish (Alcolapia grahami); Respiratory Function of the Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Portrait of a Hypoxia-tolerant Species; Blood Gases of the South American Lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa: A Comparsion to Other Air-breathing Fish and to Amphibians; Transition from Water to Land in an Extant Group of Fishes: Air Breathing and the Acquisition Sequence of Adaptations for Amphibious Life in Oxudercine Gobies; Respiratory Function in the South American Lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa; Respiration in Infectious and Non-Infectious Gill Diseases; Control of the Heart in Fish

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding the biology of the innumerable number of aquatic species on our planet is the focus of sustained research efforts. Environmental degradation, management or rehabilitation of wild stocks, and the forecasted climatic changes are fueling interest in the study of the ecology, feeding behavior, and nutrition of aquatic animals in their natural habitat. In parallel, the rapid expansion of aquaculture in many parts of the world has supported vigorous research programs on nutrition, and feeding of cultivated aquatic organisms. More than 250 aquatic species are cultivated on a commercial scale using a wide variety of production systems. This great diversity results in great opportunities and tremendous challenges. Topics covered in this book are as diverse as, feeding ecology of fish in their natural habitat, feeding behavior, digestive anatomy, biochemistry and physiology of different fish species at different life stages, the impact of diet on gastro-intestinal development and health, nutrition and disease resistance, and modeling conversion of food or feed inputs into biomass.Table of ContentsFeeding Ecology of Fishes in the Brazilian AmazonA Naturalistic Approach; Environmental Changes, Habitat Modifications and Feeding Ecology of Freshwater Fish; Feeding Activity in Teleost Fish: Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors; Classical and Modern Concepts in Fish Digestion; Temperature Adaptation of Digestive Enzymes in Fish; Diets, Physiology, Biochemistry and Digestive Tract Development of Freshwater Fish Larvae; Ontogeny and Physiology of the Digestive System of Marine Fish Larvae; Tracer Studies in Fish Larvae; An Overview of the Feeding Ecology and Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes; Alternative Protein Sources and Digestive Function Alterations in Teleost Fishes; Nutrition and Disease Resistance in Fish; Efficiency of Conversion of Feed Inputs into Animal Biomass: The Usefulness of Bioenergetics Models and Need for a Transition to Nutrient-flow Models

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