Applied ecology Books

Book SynopsisRaptors - birds of prey that hunt during the day - include easily recognizable birds like eagles, hawks, or falcons. They may be seen perched on highway signs, electrical poles, or soaring overheard in urban and rural spaces across North America. Here, avian ecology and raptor experts Craig Farquhar and Clint Boal present the first comprehensive volume on these birds of prey in Texas. Given the state's size, location, and biodiversity, it is not surprising that Texas leads other states in the documented number of raptor occurrence.The introductory chapters of Raptors of Texas provide information on raptor ecology, evolution, behavior, morphology, and the unique conservation challenges raptors face. Detailed species descriptions of the most common raptors in Texas come next, illustrated with life-like graphite drawings and range maps. Additionally, short entries for rare raptors sighted in the state are provided.This reference is a must-have for serious birders, ornithologists, avian ecologists, and wildlife professionals who want to know more about these birds of prey and the important roles they play in our urban and rural environments alike.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMary Jo O’Rear rounds out her coastal bend trilogy with a deep and engaging look at the prehistory and history of the Texas barrier islands. In Barrier to the Bays, O’Rear captures the deep time of the islands (Mustang, Padre, and San JosÉ), the bays (Aransas, Corpus Christi, Copano, Redfish, and Nueces), and Aransas Pass. From the earliest human settlements to the twentieth century, O’Rear explores the complex interplay between people and economies struggling to survive in a region dominated by indifferent forces of nature.Barrier to the Bays opens with the natural formation and development of the barrier isles and the arrival of Native Americans, Spanish castaways, French explorers, and Catholic missionaries. European settlements on the mainland eventually led to rich commercial development of the area and its bounty as ranching, fishing, and transportation took hold. By the early twentieth century, the people of the Coastal Bend began wrestling with a new drive to create deep-water harbors along the coastline in the face of the ever-present hurricane threat. O’Rear shows that by World War II the region had settled into a kind of “practicality” as tourists and traders took their place among the denizens of the islands and bays.In addition to the stories of familiar historical figures, Barrier to the Bays stresses the importance of technology in the settlement and development of the region. “Nothing could have been achieved among the barriers and bays of the Coastal Bend without the right tools.” O’Rear underscores the importance of properly designed sailing vessels and the centrality of navigation technology as an integral part of the barrier isle story.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Laguna Madre is the only hypersaline coastal lagoon on the North American continent and only one of five worldwide. The lagoon is renowned for its vast seagrass meadows, huge wintering redhead population, and bountiful fishing grounds. In 2000, the Nature Conservancy, whose mission is the conservation of biodiversity through protection of habitat, recognized the need to amass all known information about the Laguna Madre and implement a science-based conservation agenda. From those efforts came the first edition of this book. Now completely revised and updated, this second edition of The Laguna Madre of Texas and Tamaulipas is the culmination of two decades of additional research and continued conservation efforts in the region. Nearly 100 years of literature on the Laguna Madre and surrounding environments has been synthesized here. With 150 figures and illustrations, the book takes a broad and comprehensive look at both the Texan and Tamaulipan Laguna Madre. The value of this book for scientists, conservationists, resource managers, and policy makers involved in the future of the Texas and Mexico coasts is clear. Coastal residents, birders, anglers, and nature lovers who want to learn about and take care of the Laguna Madre will find this to be an indispensable guide.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhile on vacation in 1980, biologist Barbara Brennessel and her family came across an amazing sight: hundreds of small silver fish migrating from the Atlantic Ocean, across a channel connecting two ponds in the town of Wellfleet on Cape Cod. She later learned that these tiny river herring were important for the ecology and economy of the region and that volunteers were counting fewer and fewer fish migrating each year.The Alewives’ Tale describes the plight of alewives and blueback herring, two fish species that have similar life histories and are difficult to distinguish by sight. Collectively referred to as river herring, they have been economically important since colonial times as food, fertilizer, and bait. In recent years they have attracted much attention from environmentalists, especially as attempts are being made, on and beyond Cape Cod, to restore the rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, and estuaries that are crucial for their reproduction and survival.Brennessel provides an overview of the biology of the fish—from fertilized eggs to large schools of adults that migrate in the Atlantic Ocean—while describing the habitats at different stages of their life history. She explores the causes of the dramatic decline of river herring since the mid-twentieth century and the various efforts to restore these iconic fish to the historic populations that treated many onlookers to spectacular inland migrations each spring.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCape Cod and the islands of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket are special places known for their distinctive flora, including pine-oak forests, sandplain grasslands, and sand dunes peppered with bearberry shrubs. Unfortunately, this unique sense of place is under threat. In recent decades, contemporary landscape practices have come to depend on environmentally stressful fertilizers and irrigation systems, replacing this sensitive ecoregion’s native flora with generic turfgrasses and popular commercial nursery trees and shrubs that could exist anywhere.Design with Nature on Cape Cod and the Islands seeks to reverse this damaging trend by offering landscape professionals, local officials, and homeowners a sustainable approach to landscape design based on the ecoregion’s native plants and plant communities. Presenting detailed discussions of Cape Cod’s natural history, Jack Ahern focuses on the principal plant communities that define its landscape character and that are well adapted to local soils and growing conditions, including climate change. The book also includes strategies for ecological planting design and a portfolio of ecologically designed landscapes from the region.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCheatgrass (Bromus tectorum, downy brome) is an exotic species that appeared in North American in the late nineteenth century and has since become a dominant plant in the arid rangelands between the Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and Rocky Mountains. A shallow-rooted annual, it is the first grass to appear after the region's long, cold winters and has become an important forage plant for livestock and wildlife. It is also a major environmental hazard in the sagebrush plant communities where it has established itself, providing fuel for the ferocious wildfires that have ravaged so much of the Great Basin since the mid-twentieth century.Cheatgrass is the first comprehensive study of this highly invasive plant that has changed the ecology of millions of acres of western rangeland. Authors James A. Young and Charlie D. Clements have researched the biology and impact of cheatgrass for four decades. Their work addresses the subject from several perspectives: the history of the invasion; the origins and biology of cheatgrass, including the traits that allow it to adapt so successfully to a wide range of soil and precipitation conditions; its genetic variations, breeding system, and patterns of distribution; its impact on grazing management; and the role it plays, both positive and negative, in the lives of high desert wildlife. The authors also describe efforts to control cheatgrass and offer some new approaches that have the potential to halt its further expansion.Table of Contents The Many Faces of Cheatgrass Developing a Perspective of the Environment Preadaptation of Cheatgrass for the Great Basin Scientific Perceptions of Cheatgrass Seral Continuum: The First Step Seral Continuum: Intermediate Step Seral Truncation The Competitive Nature of Cheatgrass Genetic Variation and Breeding System Control of Cheatgrass and Seeding Prior to Herbicides Control and Seeding with Herbicides Revegetation Plant Material Cheatgrass and Nitrogen Grazing Management Cheatgrass and Wildlife Wildfire on the Range Conclusions Appendix: Common and Scientific Names of Plants Mentioned in the Text Notes

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Texas, Wichita Falls lies at the nexus of many strains of American environmental history. Covering Progressive Era land ethics, water management, boom and bust oil towns, colorful municipal boosters, and many other topics. The Falls of Wichita Falls analyzes a local history with dramatically national implications.Beginning with Teddy Roosevelt's famous wolf hunt in Frederick, Oklahoma and covering the long twentieth century up through the emergence of Indian Casinos, Jahue Anderson's incisive book challenges the myth of rugged individualism as the central feature of the Red Rolling Plains cultural landscape.Crucially, Anderson examines how local indigenous environmental knowledge was washed out by moonshot plans to irrigate a valley, a project that ultimately failed to improve living conditions. The dreams of an "irrigated valley" gave way to a cultural landscape of oil derricks, military installations, suburbs, and a complex system of reservoirs and pumping stations built on the Little Wichita River to bring water to people living in the Big Wichita River Valley.The Falls of Wichita Falls sketches an environmental blueprint that encapsulates a thirsty city and its people, the commodification of natural resources, and the endemic ideological postures shaping how Americans attempt to subdue the land of the American west.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIdeal for city residents, developers, designers, and officials looking for ways to bring urban environments into harmony with the natural world and make cities more sustainable, Urban Ecology for Citizens and Planners offers a wealth of information and examples that will answer fundamental scientific questions, guide green initiatives, and inform environmental policies and decision-making processes.This book provides an overview of the synergistic relationships between humans and nature that shape the ecology of urban green spaces. It also emphasizes the social and cultural value of nature in cities for human health and well-being. Chapters describe the basic science of natural components and ecosystems in urban areas and explore the idea of biophilic urbanism, the philosophy of building nature into the framework of cities. To illustrate these topics, chapters include projects, case studies, expert insights, and successful citizen science programs from urban areas around the world.Authors Gail Hansen and Joseli Macedo argue that citizens have increasingly important roles to play in the environmental future of the cities they live in. A valuable resource for real-world solutions, this volume encourages citizens and planners to actively engage and collaborate in improving their communities and quality of life.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis groundbreaking new volume unites eighteenth-century studies and the environmental humanities, showcasing how these fields can vibrantly benefit one another. In eleven chapters that engage a variety of eighteenth-century texts, contributors explore timely themes and topics such as climate change, new materialisms, the blue humanities, indigeneity and decoloniality, and green utopianism. Additionally, each chapter reflects on pedagogical concerns, asking: How do we teach eighteenth-century environmental humanities? With particular attention to the voices of early-career scholars who bring cutting-edge perspectives, these essays highlight vital and innovative trends that can enrich both disciplines, making them essential for classroom use.Trade Review“A welcome teaching tool for the undergraduate course in eighteenth-century studies—if you want to integrate environmental studies into your class but don’t know where to begin, start here.” -- Lucinda Cole * author of Imperfect Creatures: Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life, 1600-1740 *“A field-defining collection, Eighteenth-Century Environmental Humanities demonstrates how the emergent methodologies of the environmental humanities illuminate and are in turn enriched by the study of eighteenth-century history and cultural production.” -- Peter Remien * author of The Concept of Nature in Early Modern English Literature *"This innovative collection brilliantly addresses the challenge of studying and teaching the eighteenth century from an Anthropocene vantage. The wide-ranging essays explore the meaning of environmental justice for eighteenth-century writers reckoning with the socio-ecological violence of transatlantic empire." -- Tobias Menely * author of Climate and the Making of Worlds: Toward a Geohistorical Poetics *“A provocative and compelling case for centering the eighteenth century within environmental humanities. This interdisciplinary collection of essays will be of great interest and lasting value to literary scholars and teachers, and it will serve as a touchstone for all future work at the intersections of eighteenth-century studies and the environmental humanities.” -- Seth Reno * editor of The Anthropocene: Approaches and Contexts for Literature and the Humanities *Table of ContentsList of IllustrationsIntroduction: Eighteenth Century + Environmental HumanitiesJeremy ChowPart I: Eighteenth Century + Climate ChangeChapter 1: Towards a Genealogy of Geoengineering: Erasmus Darwin and the Little Ice AgeElliot Patsoura Chapter 2: Storm ApostropheAnnette Hulbert Chapter 3: “When Stormy Winds Happen”: Divine Providence, Climate Change Discourse, and the Cause of Weather DisastersAdam W. SweetingPart II: Eighteenth Century + New Materialisms Chapter 4: Phillis Wheatley Peters’ Niobean SoundscapesShelby Johnson Chapter 5: Syphilis and Natural History: The Ethical Limits of Human MasteryMariah Crilley Part III: Eighteenth Century + Blue HumanitiesChapter 6: Shore/Lines: Drawing Environmental Change on Eighteenth-Century Prince Edward Island Claire Campbell Chapter 7: Of Water, Wind, and Storms: The Elemental Regimes of the Buccaneer JournalJason PaytonPart IV: Eighteenth Century + Indigeneity and DecolonialityChapter 8: “Supporting Sinking Nations”: John Dennis’s Indigenous Women and their DisastersMatt DuquèsChapter 9: Imagining Decolonial Futures in William Gilbert’s The HurricaneAmi YoonPart V: Eighteenth Century + Green UtopiasChapter 10: Slavery and Plantation Stewardship: The Eighteenth-Century Caribbean Georgics of James Grainger and Philip FreneauChristopher Allan BlackChapter 11: John Thelwell and L.M. Montgomery Write the Green CityKate ScarthAcknowledgmentsBibliographyNotes on ContributorsIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhat is the responsibility, or the task of the arts as we face environmental crisis?Ecologies in Practice is an edited collection of dynamic and multi-formatted contributions that explore the ways in which cultural production informs perceptions, communications, and knowledge of environmental distress in a Canadian context, pointing to the significance of the arts in the creation and sharing of crucial counter narratives and alternative possibilities. Ecologies in Practice identifies the arts as an important mode of inquiry for reimagining, and for public engagement and understanding of pressing environmental and social concerns, while acknowledging the ways in which it contributes important work to the growing interdisciplinary field of Environmental Humanities.Bringing together artistic perspectives from a range of lenses and voices, including artists, writers, scholars, activists, curators, theorists, and makers, Ecologies in Practice offers important tools for artists, scholars, students, and research-creators invested in arts and the environment. Contributors present artistic methods as alternative sites of understanding that contribute significant and affective work to environmental scholarship, while thinking outside of the disciplinary borders and confines of the artworld. Ecologies in Practice aims to initiate vital conversations among practitioners, and together with readers, consider what environmentally engaged arts lend differently to these conversations.Table of ContentsAn Introduction to Making Ecological, Elysia French and Amanda White INTERRUPT: Making as Intervention Notes from a Garden Wedged into the City, Camille Georgeson-Usher Dirty Nature: Pedagogy, Performance, Politics, David Huebert and Tom Cull I Believe in Living: an intertextual curatorial approach to environmental (inter)relations, Ellyn Walker WITNESS: Picturing the Invisible seeds are meant to disperse [to get to the future, a return to the past], Christina Battle Of Passengers and Lost Relations, Lisa Hirmer Carbon Study: Walking in the Dark, Genevieve Robertson(RE)PLACE: Offering Alternative Experiences of Place into steps and breath, leah decter Coney Island MTL: Re-Mediating the Greatest Show on Earth, Natalie Doonan After The Fire, Andreas Rutkauskas Listening in Place, Emma Morgan-Thorp REFLECT: Considerations of a Material Practice Can Ceramics Ever be a Sustainable Cultural Practice? Mary Ann Steggles Mapping Narratives: Methods and Entanglements of Social Practice, Maria Michails 1:10000, Dana Prieto Field Work: Rural Residencies and Environmental Arts, Emily McGiffin Conclusion, Elysia French and Amanda White BibliographyContributor Biographies

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe objective of the book Introduction to Ecology is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts and principles of ecology. Through clear and concise explanations, this book aims to introduce readers to the intricate relationships between organisms and their environment. It explores various ecological concepts such as population dynamics, community interactions, and ecosystem functioning. The book also emphasizes the importance of ecological research in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainability. By the end of this book, readers will have a solid foundation in ecological principles, enabling them to appreciate the intricate web of life and make informed decisions for a more harmonious coexistence with nature.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationships that exist within ecosystems. By delving into the concept of food chains, this book sheds light on how organisms interact and depend on each other for survival. It seeks to educate readers on the delicate balance that nature maintains, emphasizing the importance of preserving and protecting these ecosystems. Through captivating examples and insightful explanations, readers will gain a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of all living beings and the significance of maintaining a harmonious coexistence with nature.Table of Contents Introduction Chapter I: Introduction to Ecosystems Chapter II: Food webs Chapter III: Functional ecosystems Chapter IV:Ecosystem Management Chapter V: Aquatic ecosystems Chapter VI: Functioning of Ecosystems Chapter VII: Forest Ecosystems

Read more less

Book SynopsisOur understanding of the historical ecology of European forests has been transformed in the last twenty years. Bringing together key findings from across the continent, Europe's Changing Woods and Forests: From Wildwood to Managed Landscapes provides a comprehensive account of recent research and the relevance of historical studies to our current conservation and management of forests. Combining theory with a series of regional case studies, this book shows how different aspects of forestry play out according to the landscape and historical context of the local area, with broad implications for woodland history, policy and management. Beginning with an overview of Europe's woods and forests, the book reviews a variety of management techniques (including wood-pastures, coppicing, close-to-nature forestry and the impact of hunting), describes how plants and animals respond to changes in woodland and forest cover, and includes case histories from around the continent. It concludes with a discussion of how lessons learned from the past can help in the future. This book is both a vital resource and an interesting read for foresters, conservationists, landscape historians, geographers and ecologists.Table of ContentsI: Contributors II: Preface III: Acknowledgements PART 1: Introduction and Overview 1.0: Overview of Europe’s woods and forests 1.1: Introduction 1.2: The current state and composition of European woods and forests 1.2.1: European forests in a global context 1.2.2: Variation in forest cover across the continent 1.2.3: Variation in forest composition 1.3: Forestry policy and cooperation at a European level 0 1.3.1: Forestry policy 1.3.2: Conservation measures 1.3.3: Landscape and amenity conservation. 1.3.4: Certification as an approach to sustainable forestry management 1.3.5: Forest research cooperation across Europe 1.4: Conclusion 1.5: References 2.0: Methods and approaches in the study of woodland history 2.1: Introduction 2.2: Oral history 2.3: Photographs and drawings 2.4: Biological indicators 2.5: Historical records 2.6: Preserved wood and dendrochronology 2.7: Lidar and GIS 2.8: Applying archaeological insights to ecological issues 2.9: Pollen and charcoal analysis 2.10: Conclusion 2.11: References 3.0: The forest landscape before farming 3.1: Where to begin? 3.2: A cold open continent 3.3: Trees spread back after the ice 3.3.1: Forming a canopy 5 3.3.2: The wood beneath the trees 3.3.3: Molecular markers for re-colonisation routes. 3.4: A holey blanket of trees 3.5: The role of large herbivores, particularly bison, wild horse and aurochs 3.6: People in the landscape: the trees in retreat 3.7: References 4.0: Evolution of modern landscapes 4.1: Introduction 4.2: The emergence of woodland management 4.3: Changes in forest extent and distribution 4.3.1: Reductions in forest cover 4.3.2: Increases as well as decreases 4.3.3: Patterns of clearance and survival 4.3.4: The ecological consequences of a patchy landscape 4.4: Changes in structure and composition through management 4.5: Deliberate modification of the tree and shrub composition of forests 4.6: Other species gains and losses 4.7: Changes to the fire regime 4.8: Changes to the forest soil 4.9: Forests and atmospheric pollution 4.10: Climate change 4.11: Conclusion 4.12: References PART 2: The variety of management across European woods and forests 5.0: Wood-pastures in Europe 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Wood-pasture: a multi-purpose system 5.3: Historical development of wood-pastures in Europe 5.3.1: Forest grazing and pasturing in ancient times 5.3.2: Driving the livestock out of the forest (18th-19th centuries) 5.3.4: New recognition for wood-pastures? 5.4: National inventories of wood-pastures 5.5: Wood-pastures as multi-functional landscape elements: past and present 5.6: Threats to wood-pastures 5.6.1: Management changes 5.6.2: Policy mismatch 5.6.3: Decline of old, hollowing or dying trees 5.6.4: Lack of regeneration 5.7: Conclusions 5.8: Acknowledgements 5.9: References 6.0: Coppice silviculture: from the Mesolithic to the 21st century 6.1: Introduction 6.2: The physiological and evolutionary significance of coppice 6.3: Historic development of coppice silviculture 6.4: The rise and fall of coppice as an industrial resource 6.5: Surviving and neglected coppice in Europe: the extent of the forest estate 6.6: Coppice silviculture 6.6.1: Cutting methods 6.6.2: Time of cutting 6.7: Conversion to high forest 6.7.1: Coppice versus high forest yields 6.8: Reinstating coppice management 6.9: Future drivers of change 6.10: References 7.0: High forest management and the rise of even-aged stands 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Changing from coppice to high forest systems 7.3: The need for new administrative tools 7.4: Silvicultural systems 7.5: The rise of plantations 7.6: Increased use of conifers and introduced species 7.7: How forestry is changing 7.8: Future high forest and natural forest structures 7.9: References 8.0: Close-to-nature forestry 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Roots and pre-requisites 8.3: Developments in the 20th century 8.4: Ecological implications 8.5: Conclusion 8.6: References 9.0: The impact of hunting on European woodland from medieval to modern 9.1: Introduction 9.2: Early impacts of hunting 9.3: Meat or merit? 9.4: Medieval hunting reserves 9.5: Early modern hunting parks in Europe 9.6: Hunting and the wider landscape 9.7: Modern hunting 9.7.1: The influence of driven pheasant shoots on British woodland 9.7.2: The influence of modern hunting enclosures on Spanish woodland 9.8: Conclusion 9.9: References PART 3: How plants and animals have responded to the changing woodland and forest cover. 10.0: The flora and fauna of coppice woods: winners and losers of active management or neglect 10.1: Introduction 10.2: The diversity of coppice 10.2.1: Plants 10.2.2: Birds 10.2.3: Invertebrates 10.2.4: Deadwood and associated species 10.2.5: Mammals 10.3: Impacts of deer browsing on flora and fauna in coppice 10.4: Conservation strategies 10.5: Short Rotation Coppice 10.6: Conclusion 10.7: References 11.0: The importance of veteran trees for saproxylic insects 11.1: Introduction 11.2: What are saproxylic species 11.3: Veteran trees in past and present landscapes 11.4: Important structures and associated species in old trees 11.4.1: Microhabitat diversity 11.4.2: Tree cavities and their invertebrates 11.4.3: Other microhabitats 11.5: Effects of environmental factors on the invertebrate fauna 11.5.1: Effects of tree characteristics on species assemblages 11.5.2: Effects of surrounding landscape on species assemblages 11.5.3: Catering for the needs of the adult as well as the larvae 11.5.4: Survey methods 11.6: Current situation in Europe 11.7: How to preserve the specialized saproxylic species? 11.7.1: Management for increasing habitat amount and quality 11.7.2: Management for securing spatio-temporal continuity 11.8: Future prospects 11.9: References 12.0: The changing fortunes of woodland birds in temperate Europe 12.1: Introduction 12.2: The birds of the early Holocene 12.3: The birds of the wildwood: alternative models of forest dynamics 12.3.1: Largely closed forest – ‘closed canopy’ scenario 12.3.2: Open mosaic landscape – ‘wood pasture’ scenario 12.3.3: Forest-dominated, but more varied – ‘closed but varied’ scenario 12.4: Fragmentation of the wildwood 12.5: Effects of the historical emergence of management 12.6: The age of managed pasture woods and coppice 12.7: The shift towards high forest 12.8: Woodland birds today 12.8.1: Population trends 12.8.2: Influences of agriculture 12.8.3: Forestry intensification 12.8.4: Birds and afforestation 12.9: Recent trends 12.10: Conclusions 12.11: References 13.0: Evolution and changes in the understorey of deciduous forests: lagging behind drivers of change 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Background 13.3: What sorts of plants occur in forests? 13.4: Comparing ancient and recent forests 13.5: Colonization of new forests 13.6: Dispersal and recruitment limitation 13.7: Changing ancient forests 13.7.1: Management effects 13.7.2: Effects of environmental changes 13.7.3: Effects of grazing 13.7.4: Effects of invasive non-native species 13.8: Conserving and expanding forests: does it work? 13.9: References 14.0: Gains and losses in the European mammal fauna 14.1: Introduction 14.2: Aurochs 14.3: The carnivores 14.3.1: Wolf 14.3.2: Brown bear 14.3.3: Lynx 14.4: The Beaver 14.5: A species that has done too well 14.6: The decline and rise of wild boar and deer 14.6.1: Wild boar 14.6.2: Deer 14.7: Conclusion 14.8: References 15.0: The curious case of the even-aged plantation: wretched, funereal or misunderstood? 15.1: Introduction 15.2: What is an even-aged plantation? 15.3: A brief historical overview of Atlantic spruce forests 15.3.1: The dominance of Sitka spruce 15.3.2: Breaking up the conifer blanket 15.4: Species composition of spruce plantations 15.5: Ecological implications of stand dynamics 15.5.1: Precursors - the creation of woodland through afforestation (Stage 0) 15.5.2: Stand initiation (Stage 1) 15.5.3: The impact of stand development – canopy closure and mortality (Stages 2 and 3) 15.5.4: Prolonging the rotation and developing multiple storeys (Stage 4) 15.5.5: Resetting the woodland through disturbance 15.6: Forest design 15.7: The landscape setting 15.8: Where next? 15.9: Conclusions 15.10: References PART 4: A variety of woodland histories. 16.0: Historical ecology in modern conservation in Italy 16.1: Introduction 16.2: Background 16.3: The spread of an historical ecological approach in European conservation thinking 16.3.1: Forestry versus Woodmanship 16.3.2: Woodland or land-bearing-trees 16.3.3: The need for an inter-disciplinary approach 16.3.4: The role of historical ecology 16.4: Integrating Historical and Local Knowledge into Management Strategies 16.4.1: An introduction to the case studies 16.4.2: Trees and Woodlands Producing Leaf Fodder 16.4.3: Trees, woodland and soil fertility 16.4.4: The collection of litter 16.4.5: Trees invading bogs: an experiment in applied historical ecology 16.5: Conclusion 16.6: References 17.0: Bialowieza Primeval Forest: a 2000-year interplay of environmental and cultural forces in Europe’s best preserved temperate woodland 17.1: Introduction 17.2: Previous studies 17.3: A new palaeo-ecological record for Bialowieza Primeval Forest 17.3.1: Methods 17.3.2: Results 17.4: Archaeological evidence 17.5: Archival studies 17.5.1: Royal forest of Polish kings 17.5.2: Under Russian rule 17.5.3: World War I to the present 17.5.4: Changes in land use extent and character 17.6: Dendro-chronological analyses of fire dynamics 17.7: Interplay of natural and cultural forces 17.7.1: The Iron Age 17.7.2: The Migration Period, mediaeval and early modern times 17.7.3: The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries 17.7.4: The nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries 17.7.5: The recent decades 17.8: The role of large herbivores in shaping BNP 17.9: Conclusions 17.10: Acknowledgements 17.11: References 18.0: Woodland history in the British Isles - an interaction of environmental and cultural forces. 18.1: Introduction 18.2: Outline of British woodland history 18.3: Historical stages and processes of change 18.4: Regions 18.4.1: Pre-Neolithic wildwood 18.4.2: Exploited wildwood 18.4.3: Traditional woodland management 18.4.4: Parks, Forests and wooded commons 18.4.5: Improved traditional management 18.4.6: Plantations 18.4.7: Revival and restoration of native woodland 18.5: Some consequences of differences in regional history 18.6: References 19.0: Forest management and species composition: an historical approach in Lorraine, France 19.1: Introduction 19.2: The study of forest history in France 19.3: Historical forest uses and their consequences on forest management 19.4: The making of the technical and legislative framework 19.5: The consequences of forestry policies on forest composition in woodlands of Lorraine 19.6: The modern forest - conclusion 19.7: References 20.0: Barriers and bridges for sustainable forest management: the role of landscape history in Swedish Bergslagen 20.1: Introduction 20.2: The European scale 20.3: The regional scale 20.4: Bergslagen – an introduction 20.5: Forests, forest ownership and land use dynamics 20.6: Barriers to sustainability 20.6.1: Ecological sustainability 20.6.2: Economic sustainability 20. 6.3: Social and cultural sustainability 20.7: Bridges towards sustainable forest management 20.8: Discussion 20.8.1: From forest history to history of forest landscapes 20.8.2: Landscapes with different histories: using space for time substitution 20.9: References PART 5: Lessons from the past for the future? 21.0: The development of forest conservation in Europe 21.1: Introduction 21.2: Why conserve forests? 21.2.1: As a spiritual place 21.2.2: As a place for the Chase 21.2.3: As a source of raw materials and a barrier against the elements 21.2.4: For a new form of communing with the forests 21.3: Type and extent of Protected Forest Areas 21.4: Selection of protected areas 21.5: Developing a European perspective 21.6: Forest protection and conservation as part of land-use practice. 21.7: Rewilding and forest conservation 21.8: From the past to the future 21.8.1: Conservation for people? 21.8.2: What sorts of woods and forests will be conserved in future? 21.9: References 22.0: The UK’s Ancient Woodland Inventory and its Use 22.1: Introduction 22.2: Developing the ancient woodland concept 22.3: The creation of the ancient woodland inventory 22.4: Developing and using the inventories 22.4.1: England: the ‘Red Queen’ dilemma 22.4.2: Wales 22.4.3: Scotland 22.4.4: Northern Ireland 22.5: Testing the limits of the English inventories 22.5.1: Uncertain evidence 22.5.2: What is a wood? 22.5.3: How small can an ancient wood be? 22.6: Conclusion 22.7: References 23.0: Tree and forest pests and diseases: learning from the past to prepare for the future 23.1: Introduction 23.2: Background 23.2.1: Dutch Elm Disease, Ramorum blight and Ash Dieback 23.3: The Dutch Elm Disease outbreak 23.4: ‘Sudden Oak Death’ (ramorum blight) in the UK 23.5: A landscape without ash? 23.6: The lessons from history 23.7: References 24.0: Reflections 24.1: Introduction 24.2: Ways of exploring and understanding woodland histories 24.3: Issues for the future historian 24.4: From cultural landscapes back to wildwood? 24.5: Europe’s woods and forests: the future?

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a source of information on practical and innovative approaches to biosecurity surveillance. It explains the foundation and concepts behind surveillance design, with examples of methods and tools created to deal with surveillance challenges. With supporting case studies and including current directions in research, it covers evidence-based approaches to surveillance, statistics, detectability, single and multi-species detection, risk assessment, diagnostics, data-basing, modelling of invasion and spread, optimisation, and future climate challenges.Table of Contents1: Introduction to Biosecurity Surveillance: Quantitative Approaches 1: Concepts for Biosecurity Surveillance 2: Biosecurity Surveillance in Agriculture and Environment: a Review 3: Getting the Story Straight: Laying the Foundations for Statistical Evaluation of the Performance of Surveillance 4: Hierarchical Models for Evaluating Surveillance Strategies: Diversity Within a Common Modular Structure 5: The Relationship Between Biosecurity Surveillance and Risk Analysis 6: Designing Surveillance for Emergency Response 2: Information for Biosecurity Surveillance 7: The Role of Surveillance in Evaluating and Comparing International Quarantine Systems 8: Estimating Detection Rates and Probabilities 9: Ad hoc Solutions to Estimating Pathway Non-compliance Rates Using Imperfect and Incomplete Information 10: Surveillance for Soilborne Microbial Biocontrol Agents and Plant Pathogens 11: Design of a Surveillance System for Non-indigenous Species on Barrow Island: Plants Case Study 12: Towards Reliable Mapping of Biosecurity Risk: Incorporating Uncertainty and Decision Makers’ Risk Aversion 13: Detection Survey Design for Decision Making During Biosecurity Incursions 3: Statistical Modelling Methods for Designing Biosecurity Surveillance 14: Inference and Prediction with Individual-based Stochastic Models of Epidemics 15: Evidence of Absence for Invasive Species: Roles for Hierarchical Bayesian Approaches in Regulation 16: Using Bayesian Networks to Model Surveillance in Complex Plant and Animal Health Systems 17: Statistical Emulators of Simulation Models to Inform Surveillance and Response to New Biological Invasions 18: Animal, Vegetable, or … ? A Case Study in Using Animal-health Monitoring Design Tools to Solve a Plant-health Surveillance Problem 19: Agent-based Bayesian Spread Model Applied to Red Imported Fire Ants in Brisbane Appendix: Common Statistical Distributions Used in Statistical Modelling and Analysis for Biosecurity Surveillance

Read more less

Book SynopsisFew people who think about the state of the world are content with the status quo. The increasingly complex mix of economic, social, environmental and political problems at all scales requires new ways of thinking. It also requires new ways of integrating mutually supportive ideas and approaches, which is what this useful new book offers around the theme of sustainable consumption. The editors and contributors offer a breadth and depth of research from three domains: the new economics, socio-technical transitions and social practice, with a focus on consumption that meets the needs of people within the limits of the biosphere.'- Peter A. Victor, York University, Canada'This is a very timely and inspiring book. The editors have carefully compiled original contributions from leading researchers in sustainable consumption, reflecting the important work of the SCORAI network and beyond. This is a "must" read for those who want to know where research in sustainable consumption is really heading.'- Lucia A. Reisch, Copenhagen Business School, DenmarkThis timely volume recognizes that traditional policy approaches to reduce human impacts on the environment through technological change - for example, emphasizing resource efficiency and the development of renewable energy sources - are insufficient to meet the most pressing sustainability challenges of the twenty-first century. Instead, the editors and contributors argue that we must fundamentally reconfigure our lifestyles and social institutions if we are to make the transition toward a truly sustainable future.These expert contributions pinpoint specific areas in which innovation will be required. These include economic policies, socio-technical systems of production and consumption, and dominant social practices. Drawing on these and other diverse areas of scholarship, this fascinating book highlights new conceptual frameworks for achieving the twin sustainability goals of decreased resource use and enhanced individual and societal well-being.Students, professors and policymakers in ecological economics, innovation studies, environmental policy and many other related fields will find much of interest in this pathbreaking volume.Contributors: M.M. Bell, H.S. Brown, M.J. Cohen, B. Halkier, J.M. Harris, D.J. Hess, S. Hielscher, R. Kemp, E. Kennedy, H. Krahn, N.T. Krogman, S.M. McCauley, I. Røpke, G. Seyfang, A. Smith, G. Spaargaren, J.C. Stephens, J. Stutz, E. Ubert, H. van Lente, P.J. VergragtTrade Review‘This book captures some of the more innovative thinking on “sustainable consumption” being discussed today, offering an excellent starting point for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers interested in new approaches to understanding sustainable consumption. The contributors come together to offer a stimulating discussion around three novel perspectives, but also a basis for future research that might further integrate these approaches.’ -- Marlyne Sahakian, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions‘Few people who think about the state of the world are content with the status quo. The increasingly complex mix of economic, social, environmental and political problems at all scales requires new ways of thinking. It also requires new ways of integrating mutually supportive ideas and approaches, which is what this useful new book offers around the theme of sustainable consumption. The editors and contributors offer a breadth and depth of research from three domains: the new economics, socio-technical transitions and social practice, with a focus on consumption that meets the needs of people within the limits of the biosphere.’ -- Peter A. Victor, York University, Canada‘In recent years much hard thinking has been devoted to exploring the transition to true sustainability and consumption’s role in it. Innovations in Sustainable Consumption offers an impressive and enormously useful synthesis of this new work. Highly recommended.’ -- James Gustave Speth, Vermont University Law School, US and author of America the Possible: Manifesto for a New Economy‘This is a very timely and inspiring book. The editors have carefully compiled original contributions from leading researchers in sustainable consumption, reflecting the important work of the SCORAI network and beyond. This is a “must” read for those who want to know where research in sustainable consumption is really heading.’ -- Lucia A. Reisch, Copenhagen Business School, DenmarkTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Societal Innovation in a Constrained World: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives Halina Szejnwald Brown, Philip J. Vergragt, and Maurie J. Cohen PART I: NEW ECONOMICS 2. The Macroeconomics of Development Without Throughput Growth Jonathan M. Harris 3. Ecological Macroeconomics: Implications for the Roles of Consumer-Citizens Inge Røpke 4. Going for a Better Life John Stutz 5. Welcome to the Consumption Line: Sustainability, Social Organization and the Wage-Price Gap Emanuel Ubert and Michael M. Bell PART II: SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS 6. The Dual Challenge of Sustainability Transitions: Different Trajectories and Criteria René Kemp and Harro van Lente 7. Grassroots Innovations for Sustainable Energy: Exploring Niche-Development Processes Among Community-Energy Initiatives Sabine Hielscher, Gill Seyfang and Adrian Smith 8. Sustainable Consumption, Energy and Failed Transitions: The Problem of Adaptation David J. Hess 9. Clusters in Transition: Analysis of a Sustainable Energy-Cluster Initiative in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA Jennie C. Stephens and Stephen M. McCauley PART III: SOCIAL PRACTICE THEORIES 10. Sustainable Lifestyles in a New Economy: A Practice Theoretical Perspective on Change Behavior Campaigns and Sustainability Issues Bente Halkier 11. The Cultural Dimension of Sustainable Consumption Practices: An Exploration in Theory and Policy Gert Spaargaren 12. Taking Social Practice Theories on the Road: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Sustainable Transportation Emily Kennedy, Harvey Krahn and Naomi T. Krogman Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe significance of industrial ecology's geographic context of has for too long been neglected. This book makes a timely and pivotal contribution to the field by presenting analysis of an impressive range of case studies from across the world. Authors are highly familiar with their case study locations, which are analysed through a range of theoretical perspectives. International setting emerges as a significant contextual factor with which industrial ecology activity is inextricably linked.'- Alfred Posch, University of Graz, Austria'This book covers updated perspectives on eco-industrial parks across the world. It is an excellent work done by researchers from different backgrounds and cultures. History, barriers, institutional arrangements, policies, waste management, and greenhouse gas emissions, together with eco-industrial parks, are all discussed so that decision makers from different countries can understand the potential benefits of developing eco-industrial parks by considering their own realities. Specifically, case studies from both developing and developed countries are presented so that variations between different countries can be identified. Readers can enhance their knowledge on eco-industrial development, a useful tool for responding to challenges related to current resource depletion, environmental emissions and climate change issues.'- Geng Yong, Shanghai Jiaotong University, PR ChinaWith its high-level focus on industrial ecology-related policies such as circular economy and industrial symbiosis, this book provides a timely analysis of the industrial ecology experience worldwide. Editors Pauline Deutz, Donald I. Lyons, and Jun Bi combine their diverse experiences in both research and teaching to examine the topic as a business, community, and academic endeavor in different settings worldwide.International Perspectives on Industrial Ecology provides a cuttingeedge, in-depth exploration of the commonalities and differences of industrial ecology experiences, comparing geographical contexts from each of the world's continents. Expert contributors utilize case studies and contextualized reviews of current projects to formulate invaluable insights in the field. Much attention is given to industrial symbiosis, waste management, circular economy, sustainable development, and environmental management as each pertains to the field.This book's international perspective makes it ideal background reading for academics working in industrial ecology, as well as a valuable reference for postgraduates doing research or taking courses in the field. Public or private sector bodies trying to facilitate industrial symbiosis, economic development agencies considering industrial symbiosis projects, and environmental managers and regulators trying to improve environmental performance in their particular country will also find it engaging and relevant.Contributors: W. Ashton, L. Baas, H. Baumann, J. Bi, F. Boons, R. Branson, S. Brullot, I. Costa, C. Davis, P. Deutz, M Eklund, D. Gibbs, L. Hu, R. Isenmann, G. Korevaar, Y. Lei, L. Liu, P. Lowitt, D.I. Lyons, G. Massard, P. McManus, O.E. Olayide, J. Patchell, M. Rice, E. Romero Arozamena, C. Ruiz Puente, M. Shenoy, W. Spekkink, B. van Hoof, V. Verguts, H. Wang, Q. Wang, B. ZhangTrade Review‘The significance of industrial ecology’s geographic context of has for too long been neglected. This book makes a timely and pivotal contribution to the field by presenting analysis of an impressive range of case studies from across the world. Authors are highly familiar with their case study locations, which are analysed through a range of theoretical perspectives. International setting emerges as a significant contextual factor with which industrial ecology activity is inextricably linked.’ -- Alfred Posch, University of Graz, Austria‘This book covers updated perspectives on eco-industrial parks across the world. It is an excellent work done by researchers from different backgrounds and cultures. History, barriers, institutional arrangements, policies, waste management, and greenhouse gas emissions, together with eco-industrial parks, are all discussed so that decision makers from different countries can understand the potential benefits of developing eco-industrial parks by considering their own realities. Specifically, case studies from both developing and developed countries are presented so that variations between different countries can be identified. Readers can enhance their knowledge on eco-industrial development, a useful tool for responding to challenges related to current resource depletion, environmental emissions and climate change issues’ -- Geng Yong, Shanghai Jiaotong University, PR China‘As ecologically informed industrial development decision making gains traction among policy makers, this book offers a timely and necessary exploration of several industrial ecosystems across diverse economic, industrial, and regulatory settings. In bringing together a number of leading practitioner and scholarly perspectives on industrial ecology internationally, Deutz, Lyons and Bi offer key insights for supporting more effective eco-development policy making across diverse settings. As well, the work contained in this volume points to a number of areas where future research can continue to lend necessary insight.’ -- Raymond Paquin, Concordia University, CanadaTable of ContentsContents: Foreword 1. Introducing an International Perspective on Industrial Ecology Pauline Deutz and Donald I. Lyons 2. Industrial Ecology in India: Converging Traditional Practice and Modern Environmental Protection Weslynne Ashton and Megha Shenoy 3. Industrial Ecology, Industrial Symbiosis and Eco-Industrial Parks in Africa: Issues for Sustainable Development Olawale Emmanuel Olayide 4. Eco-industrial Development in the United States: Analysing Progress from 2010-2015 Peter Lowitt 5. Comparing Industrial Symbiosis in Europe: Towards a Conceptual Framework and Research Methodology Frank Boons, Wouter Spekkink, Ralf Isenmann, Leo Baas, Mats Eklund, Sabrina Brullot, Pauline Deutz, David Gibbs, Guillaume Massard, Elena Romero Arozamena, Carmen Ruiz Puente, Veerle Verguts, Chris Davis, Gijsbert Korevaar, Inês Costa and Henrikke Baumann 6. UK-China Collaboration for Industrial Symbiosis: A Multi-level Approach to Policy Transfer Analysis Qiaozhi Wang, Pauline Deutz and David Gibbs 7. Industrial Waste Management Improvement: A Case Study of Pennsylvania Donald I. Lyons, Murray Rice and Lan Hu 8. Bilateral Symbiosis in Australia and the Issue of Geographic Proximity Robin Branson and Phil McManus 9. Varieties of Industrial Symbiosis Wouter Spekkink 10. Institutional Context of Eco-industrial Park Development in China: Environmental Governance in Industrial Parks and Zones Lingxuan Liu, Bing Zhang and Jun Bi 11. Intersection of Industrial Symbiosis and Product-based Industrial Ecologies: Considerations from the Japanese Home Appliance Industry Jerry Patchell 12. Institutional Capacity for Sustainable Industrial Systems in Caldas, Colombia Bart van Hoof 13. Greenhouse Gases Reduction Strategies for Eco-Industrial Parks in China Haikun Wang, Yue Lei and Jun Bi 14. Embedding an International Perspective in Industrial Ecology Donald I. Lyons, Pauline Deutz and Jun Bi Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe second edition of this Handbook contains more than 30 new and original articles as well as six essential updates by leading scholars of global environmental politics. This landmark book maps the latest theoretical and empirical research in this energetic and growing field. Captured here are the pioneering and lively debates over concerns for the health of the planet and how they might best be addressed. The introduction explores the intellectual trends and evolving parameters in the field of global environmental politics. It makes a case for an expansive definition of the field, one that embraces an interdisciplinary literature on the connections between global politics and environmental change. The remaining chapters are divided into four broad themes - states and cooperation; global governance; the political economy of governance; and knowledge and ethics - with each section covering key emerging issues. In-depth explorations are given to topics such as climate change, multinational corporations, international agreements and UN organizations, regulations and business standards, trade and international finance, multilevel and transnational governance, and ecological citizenship. Handbook of Global Environmental Politics, Second Edition is a comprehensive review of the field and offers cutting-edge ideas for further research. As such, scholars, students and policy makers will find themselves looking to it for many years to come. Contributors: S. Andresen, K. Backstrand, J.S. Barkin, S. Bernstein, F. Biermann, H. Bulkeley, K. Conca, P. Dauvergne, I. de Soysa, E.R. DeSombre, R. Dimitrov, A. Dobson, L. Elliott, R. Falkner, M. Finger, D. Fuchs, T. Gehring, L.H. Gulbrandsen, J. Gupta, T. Gutner, M.J. Hoffmann, D. Humphreys, S. Jinnah, A. Jordan, A. Kalfagianni, G. Kutting, D.L. Levy, R.D. Lipschutz, K. Litfin, R. Matthew, A.P.J. Mol, P. Newell, S. Park, M. Paterson, T. Princen, T. Rayner, H. Schroeder, H. Selin, T. Skodvin, G. Spaargaren, D.F. Sprinz, D. Svarin, J. Vogler, P. Wapner, M. WilliamsTrade Review‘Both novices and experts will benefit from having this outstanding resource in hand. It contains vivid descriptions on the cutting edge topics that form the heart of contemporary environmental politics. It offers a mother lode of footnote and end-of-chapter bibliographical material that can be mined for profit.’ -- American Society of International Law NewsletterTable of ContentsContents: PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Research Trends in Global Environmental Politics Peter Dauvergne PART II: STATES AND COOPERATION 2. When Regimes Backfire: Institutional Expectations and Environmental Deadlock J. Samuel Barkin 3. Changing Issue Structure to Avoid Free Riders: Protecting the Ocean Environment Elizabeth R. DeSombre 4. International Environmental Regimes as Decision Machines Thomas Gehring 5. Climate Regime Design, the Global Warming Potential, and Climate Risk Management Tora Skodvin 6. The Politics of Persuasion: UN Climate Change Negotiations Radoslav Dimitrov 7. Do We Need More Global Sustainability Conferences? Steinar Andresen 8. Changing North–South Challenges in Global Environmental Politics Joyeeta Gupta 9. Environment, Conflict, and Peacebuilding Richard Matthew 10. The Comfortable Lie? Another Look at Natural Resource Scarcity and Armed Conflict Indra de Soysa PART III: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE 11. Legitimacy Problems and Responses in Global Environmental Governance Steven Bernstein 12. International Organizations and Global Environmental Governance: Toward Structural Reform Frank Biermann 13. Studying the Global Commons: Governance without Politics? John Vogler 14. Long-term Environmental Policy: Definition–Origin–Response Options Detlef F. Sprinz 15. Global Environmental Politics and Governance: A Networks and Flows Perspective Arthur P.J. Mol and Gert Spaargaren 16. Global Multilevel Governance and the Management of Hazardous Chemicals Henrik Selin 17. Governing Climate Change: The Challenge of Mitigating and Adapting in a Warming World Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 18. Climate Governance Experiments Matthew J. Hoffmann 19. Global Cities and the Politics of Climate Change Harriet Bulkeley and Heike Schroeder PART IV: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF GOVERNANCE 20. The Political Ecology of Globalization Peter Newell 21. Exploring Global Governance from a Critical Global Political Economy Perspective Gabriela Kütting 22. Nonstate Actors in Global Environmental Governance Matthias Finger and David Svarin 23. The Effectiveness of Private Environmental Governance Doris Fuchs and Agni Kalfagianni 24. Private Actors and Strategies in Global Environmental Governance: The Role of Information Disclosure David L. Levy 25. Business Power, Business Conflict: A Neo-pluralist Perspective on International Environmental Politics Robert Falkner 26. Impacts of Nonstate Governance: Lessons from the Certification of Marine Fisheries Lars H. Gulbrandsen 27. Evaluating World Bank Environmental Performance Tamar Gutner 28. Greening Development Finance: Cases from the World Bank Group Susan Park 29. Moving the Earth: Cars and the Dynamics of Environmental Politics Matthew Paterson 30. Trade–Environment Politics: The Emerging Role of Regional Trade Agreements Sikina Jinnah PART V: KNOWLEDGE AND ETHICS 31. Environmental Human Rights: Greening “the Dignity and Worth of the Human Person” Ken Conca 32. Thinking like a Planet: Gaian Politics and the Transformation of the World Food System Karen Litfin 33. After Nature: Environmental Politics in a Postmodern Age Paul Wapner 34. Knowledge, Power and Global Environmental Policy Marc Williams 35. The Global Politics of Geoengineering David Humphreys 36. A Sustainability Ethic Thomas Princen 37. The Sustainability Debate: Déjà Vu All Over Again? Ronnie D. Lipschutz 38. Transnational Environmental Harm, Inequity and the Cosmopolitan Response Lorraine Elliott 39. Democracy and Global Environmental Politics Karin Bäckstrand 40. Ecological Citizenship Revisited Andrew Dobson Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fourth edition of an enduring and popular book has been fully updated and revised, exploring the two opposing paradigms of sustainability in an insightful and accessible way. Eric Neumayer contends that central to the debate on sustainable development is the question of whether natural capital can be substituted by other forms of capital. Proponents of weak sustainability maintain that such substitutability is possible, whilst followers of strong sustainability regard natural capital as non-substitutable.The author examines the availability of natural resources for the production of consumption goods and the environmental consequences of economic growth. He identifies the critical forms of natural capital in need of preservation given risk, uncertainty and ignorance about the future and opportunity costs of preservation. He goes on to provide a critical discussion of measures of sustainability. Indicators of weak sustainability such as Genuine Savings and the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare - also known as the Genuine Progress Indicator - are analysed, as are indicators of strong sustainability, including ecological footprints, material flows and sustainability gaps.This book will prove essential reading for students, scholars and policymakers with an interest in ecological and environmental economics and sustainable development.Contents: Preface to the Fourth Edition 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Sustainable Development: Conceptual, Ethical and Paradigmatic Issues 3. Resources, the Environment and Economic Growth: Is Natural Capital Substitutable? 4. Preserving Natural Capital in a World of Risk, Uncertainty and Ignorance 5. Measuring Weak Sustainability 6. Measuring Strong Sustainability 7. Conclusions Appendix 1. How Present-value Maximisation Can Lead to Extinction Appendix 2. The Hotelling Rule and Ramsey Rule in a Simple General Equilibrium Model Appendix 3. The Hotelling Rule and the Ramsey Rule in a More Complex Model Bibliography IndexTable of ContentsContents: Preface to the Fourth Edition 1. Introduction and Overview 2. Sustainable Development: Conceptual, Ethical and Paradigmatic Issues 3. Resources, the Environment and Economic Growth: Is Natural Capital Substitutable? 4. Preserving Natural Capital in a World of Risk, Uncertainty and Ignorance 5. Measuring Weak Sustainability 6. Measuring Strong Sustainability 7. Conclusions Appendix 1. How Present-value Maximisation Can Lead to Extinction Appendix 2. The Hotelling Rule and Ramsey Rule in a Simple General Equilibrium Model Appendix 3. The Hotelling Rule and the Ramsey Rule in a More Complex Model Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisFew people who think about the state of the world are content with the status quo. The increasingly complex mix of economic, social, environmental and political problems at all scales requires new ways of thinking. It also requires new ways of integrating mutually supportive ideas and approaches, which is what this useful new book offers around the theme of sustainable consumption. The editors and contributors offer a breadth and depth of research from three domains: the new economics, socio-technical transitions and social practice, with a focus on consumption that meets the needs of people within the limits of the biosphere.'- Peter A. Victor, York University, Canada'This is a very timely and inspiring book. The editors have carefully compiled original contributions from leading researchers in sustainable consumption, reflecting the important work of the SCORAI network and beyond. This is a "must" read for those who want to know where research in sustainable consumption is really heading.'- Lucia A. Reisch, Copenhagen Business School, DenmarkThis timely volume recognizes that traditional policy approaches to reduce human impacts on the environment through technological change - for example, emphasizing resource efficiency and the development of renewable energy sources - are insufficient to meet the most pressing sustainability challenges of the twenty-first century. Instead, the editors and contributors argue that we must fundamentally reconfigure our lifestyles and social institutions if we are to make the transition toward a truly sustainable future.These expert contributions pinpoint specific areas in which innovation will be required. These include economic policies, socio-technical systems of production and consumption, and dominant social practices. Drawing on these and other diverse areas of scholarship, this fascinating book highlights new conceptual frameworks for achieving the twin sustainability goals of decreased resource use and enhanced individual and societal well-being.Students, professors and policymakers in ecological economics, innovation studies, environmental policy and many other related fields will find much of interest in this pathbreaking volume.Contributors: M.M. Bell, H.S. Brown, M.J. Cohen, B. Halkier, J.M. Harris, D.J. Hess, S. Hielscher, R. Kemp, E. Kennedy, H. Krahn, N.T. Krogman, S.M. McCauley, I. Røpke, G. Seyfang, A. Smith, G. Spaargaren, J.C. Stephens, J. Stutz, E. Ubert, H. van Lente, P.J. VergragtTrade Review‘This book captures some of the more innovative thinking on “sustainable consumption” being discussed today, offering an excellent starting point for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers interested in new approaches to understanding sustainable consumption. The contributors come together to offer a stimulating discussion around three novel perspectives, but also a basis for future research that might further integrate these approaches.’ -- Marlyne Sahakian, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions‘Few people who think about the state of the world are content with the status quo. The increasingly complex mix of economic, social, environmental and political problems at all scales requires new ways of thinking. It also requires new ways of integrating mutually supportive ideas and approaches, which is what this useful new book offers around the theme of sustainable consumption. The editors and contributors offer a breadth and depth of research from three domains: the new economics, socio-technical transitions and social practice, with a focus on consumption that meets the needs of people within the limits of the biosphere.’ -- Peter A. Victor, York University, Canada‘In recent years much hard thinking has been devoted to exploring the transition to true sustainability and consumption’s role in it. Innovations in Sustainable Consumption offers an impressive and enormously useful synthesis of this new work. Highly recommended.’ -- James Gustave Speth, Vermont University Law School, US and author of America the Possible: Manifesto for a New Economy‘This is a very timely and inspiring book. The editors have carefully compiled original contributions from leading researchers in sustainable consumption, reflecting the important work of the SCORAI network and beyond. This is a “must” read for those who want to know where research in sustainable consumption is really heading.’ -- Lucia A. Reisch, Copenhagen Business School, DenmarkTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Societal Innovation in a Constrained World: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives Halina Szejnwald Brown, Philip J. Vergragt, and Maurie J. Cohen PART I: NEW ECONOMICS 2. The Macroeconomics of Development Without Throughput Growth Jonathan M. Harris 3. Ecological Macroeconomics: Implications for the Roles of Consumer-Citizens Inge Røpke 4. Going for a Better Life John Stutz 5. Welcome to the Consumption Line: Sustainability, Social Organization and the Wage-Price Gap Emanuel Ubert and Michael M. Bell PART II: SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS 6. The Dual Challenge of Sustainability Transitions: Different Trajectories and Criteria René Kemp and Harro van Lente 7. Grassroots Innovations for Sustainable Energy: Exploring Niche-Development Processes Among Community-Energy Initiatives Sabine Hielscher, Gill Seyfang and Adrian Smith 8. Sustainable Consumption, Energy and Failed Transitions: The Problem of Adaptation David J. Hess 9. Clusters in Transition: Analysis of a Sustainable Energy-Cluster Initiative in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA Jennie C. Stephens and Stephen M. McCauley PART III: SOCIAL PRACTICE THEORIES 10. Sustainable Lifestyles in a New Economy: A Practice Theoretical Perspective on Change Behavior Campaigns and Sustainability Issues Bente Halkier 11. The Cultural Dimension of Sustainable Consumption Practices: An Exploration in Theory and Policy Gert Spaargaren 12. Taking Social Practice Theories on the Road: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Sustainable Transportation Emily Kennedy, Harvey Krahn and Naomi T. Krogman Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisEssays investigating the idea of natural heritage and the ways in which it has changed over time. The concepts of nature, culture and heritage are deeply entwined; their threads run together in some of our finest museums, in accounts of exploration and discovery, in the work of artists, poets and writers, and in areas that arecherished and protected because of their landscapes and wildlife. The conservation ethic - placing a value on the natural environment - lies at the heart of the notion of "natural heritage", but we need to question how those values originated, were consolidated and ultimately moulded and changed over time. In a contemporary context the connections between nature and culture have sometimes become lost, fragmented, dislocated or misunderstood; where did "natural heritage" begin and how do we engage with the idea of "nature" today? The essays collected here re-evaluate the role of culture in developing the concept of natural heritage, reflecting on the shifts in its interpretation over the last 300 years. Contributors: Martin Holdgate, Marie Addyman, E. Charles Nelson, Darrell Smith, Andrew Ramsey, Viktor Kouloumpis, Richard Milner, Gina Douglas, Penny Bradshaw, Arthur MacGregor, Chiara Nepi, Hannah Paddon, Stephen Hewitt, Gordon McGregor Reid, Ghillean T Prance, Peter Davis, Christopher Donaldson, Lucy McRobert, Sophie Darlington, Keith Scholey, Paul A. Roncken, Angus Lunn, Juliet Clutton-Brock, Tim Sands, Robert A. Lambert, James Champion, Erwin van Maanen, Heather Prince, Chris Loynes, Julie Taylor, Sarah Elmeligi, Samantha Finn, Owen Nevin, Jared Bowers, Kate Hennessy, Natasha Lyons, Mike Jeffries.Trade ReviewAn extremely rich source of viewpoints and explorations of what nature means. * ARCHIVES OF NATURAL HISTORY *Many chapters provide only an introduction and/or a tantalizing taste of the subject, but all have extensive bibliographies. Topics range from the perceptions of explorers and naturalists, the development of scientific collections and taxidermy, individual areas and locations, and nature in art and film to nature deficit disorder, social media, ecotourism, citizen science, and teddy bears. [...] This work is mainly recommended for collections with a focus on the history and/or philosophy of science, nature, or environmentalism. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsForeword - Martin Holdgate Introduction - Ian Convery and Peter Davis 'The Nomination of the Visible': William Turner's Practice of Natural History - Marie Addyman Early European Perceptions of the Nature of Australia - Charles Nelson Conserving Natural Heritage: Shifting Positions of Culture and Nature - Darrell Smith and Ian Convery and Andrew Ramsey and Viktor Kouloumpis Three Birds of a Feather - Darwin, Wallace and Attenborough: An Unbroken Tradition of Finding Where the Wild Things Are - Richard Milner Organising, Naming and Ordering Nature - Gina Douglas Our 'Great Entail': Constructing the Cultural Value of the Lake District - Penny Bradshaw Renaissance Collecting and Understanding of the Natural World - Arthur MacGregor Botanical Collecting, Herbaria and the Understanding of Nature - Chiara Nepi Taxidermy and the Representation of Nature - Hannah Paddon The Significance of Natural History Collections in the 21st Century - Stephen Hewitt Changed Attitudes to Nature Reflected in the Transformation of Menageries to Zoos - Gordon McGregor Reid Interpretation in Botanic Gardens - Ghillean T. Prance and Peter Davis Shifting Interpretations of the English Lake District - Christopher Donaldson Facebook Nature: My Generation and Other Animals - Lucy McRobert Visual Narratives in Wildlife Film-making - Sophie Darlington A History of Half a Century of Wildlife Television and its Impact on Audiences - Keith Scholey Landscape, Nature and the Contemporary Sublime in Illustrated Children's Literature - Paul A. Roncken Landscape, Nature and the Contemporary Sublime in Illustrated Children's Literature - Ian Convery The Public Perception of Protected Areas in the UK - Angus Lunn Conservation of Rare Species and Natural Heritage: the Wild and the Tame - Juliet Clutton-Brock Our Vanishing Natural Heritage and The Wildlife Trusts: a Century of Influence and Local Action for Nature and People - Tim Sands Our Vanishing Natural Heritage and The Wildlife Trusts: a Century of Influence and Local Action for Nature and People - Robert Lambert A Champion of the Tiger's Cause - James Champion Adventure, Nature and Commodification - Heather Prince and Chris Loynes Destination Nature: Wildlife and the Rise of Domestic Ecotourism in Britain, 1880-2015 - Robert Lambert Wild Places as Therapeutic Environments - Julie Taylor Citizen Science and the Perception of Nature - Ian Convery and Sarah Elmeligi and Samantha Finn and Owen Nevin Using Community-based Cultural Tourism to Enhance Nature Conservation in the Rupununi, Guyana - Jared Bowers Representing Natural Heritage in Digital Space: from the National Museum of Natural History to Inuvialuit Living History - Kate Hennessy Using Community-based Cultural Tourism to Enhance Nature Conservation in the Rupununi, Guyana - Natasha Lyons Out of the Wild Wood and into our Beds: the Evolutionary History of Teddy Bears and the Natural Selection of Deadly Cuteness - Mike Jeffries Rewilding: the Realisation and Reality of a New Challenge for Nature in the 21st Century - Erwin van van Maanen Rewilding: the Realisation and Reality of a New Challenge for Nature in the 21st Century - Ian Convery

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe implementation of sustainable consumption presents one of the greatest challenges of our era. Consumption is a wanted and necessary phenomenon, integral to our society and economy, yet our way of consuming contradicts important ecological and social long-term goals. Although research on sustainable consumption has gained in importance and been addressed by various disciplines, this original new book is one of the few to compile and summarize the important research findings. Against this background, the Handbook of Research on Sustainable Consumption provides an interdisciplinary overview of recent research on the ecological and social obstacles we face through over consumption, drawing attention to the salience of the subject and stimulating discussion in this area. In 27 chapters, leading authorities in the field provide concise and accessible expertise, covering a wide range of approaches from psychology to economics. This collection will be a useful point of reference for students, researchers and policy makers seeking a wider understanding of the state-of-the-art of sustainable consumption research.Contributors: G. Antonides, C. Baatz, J.W. Bolderdijk, H. Chappells, M.A. Cohen, M.J. Cohen, H. Dagevos, W.J. Fellner, C.J. Fitzmaurice, M. Friman, T. Gärling, K. Gram-Hanssen, W. Gwozdz, D. Hauptstock, E. Heiskanen, P. Hennicke, E.G. Hertwich, S. Lorek, M.G. Luchs, E. Matthies, R.A. Miller, O. Mont, S. Nitzko, C.L. Noblet, K. Ott, K. Peattie, A. Rasche, L.A. Reisch, D. Roy, G. Scholl, J.B. Schor, S. Shewmake, C.L. Spash, A. Spiller, K. Steen-Olsen, L. Steg, P.C. Stern, C.R. Sunstein, M.F. Teisl, J. Thøgersen, F. Trentmann, A. Tukker, M.P. Vandenbergh, M. Vérain, P.J. Vergragt, B. Verplanken, L. Voget-Kleschin, H. Wallis, A. Warde, D. WelchTrade Review'The implementation of sustainable consumption presents one of the greatest challenges of our era. . . In 27 chapters, leading authorities of the field provide accessible expertise, covering a wide range of approaches from psychology to economics.' --Hans W. Micklitz, Journal of Consumer PolicyTable of ContentsContents: Research on Sustainable Consumption: Introduction and Overview Lucia A. Reisch and John Thøgersen Part I: RESEARCH IN SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY AND TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 1. Sustainable Consumption as a Systemic Challenge: Inter- and Transdisciplinary Research and Research Questions Sylvia Lorek and Philip J. Vergragt 2. Breaking the Stalemate of Sustainable Consumption with Industrial Ecology and a Circular Economy Oksana Mont and Eva Heiskanen Part II: MAJOR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION 3. Sustainable Consumption in History: Ideas, Resources and Practices Heather Chappells and Frank Trentmann 4. Environmental Psychology and Sustainable Consumption Linda Steg 5. Theories of Practice and Sustainable Consumption Daniel Welch and Alan Warde 6. Sustainability Marketing Ken Peattie 7. Ethics and Sustainable Consumption Lieske Voget-Kleschin, Christian Baatz and Konrad Ott Part III: DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH—METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS 8. Life Cycle Assessment as a Means to Identify the Most Effective Action for Sustainable Consumption Kjartan Steen-Olsen and Edgar G. Hertwich 9. Priorities for Sustainable Consumption Policies Arnold Tukker Part IV: TRANSPORT, HOUSING, FOOD AND PUBLIC HEALTH 10. Unsustainable Travel Becoming (More) Sustainable Tommy Gärling and Margareta Friman 11. Housing in a Sustainable Consumption Perspective Kirsten Gram-Hanssen 12. Peak Meat: The Role of Meat in Sustainable Consumption Achim Spiller and Sina Nitzko 13. Flexitarianism: A Range of Sustainable Food Styles Muriel Vérain, Hans Dagevos and Gerrit Antonides 14. Obesity, Sustainability and Public Health Wencke Gwozdz Part V: CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES 15. Consumer Habits and Sustainable Consumption Bas Verplanken and Deborah Roy 16. Consumer Responsibility for Sustainable Consumption Michael G. Luchs and Rebecca A. Miller 17. Family Socialization and Sustainable Consumption Ellen Matthies and Hannah Wallis Part VI: POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION 18. Carbon Triage: A Strategy for Developing a Viable Carbon Labelling System Sharon Shewmake, Mark A. Cohen, Paul C. Stern and Michael P. Vandenbergh 19. Eco-Labelling as Sustainable Consumption Policy Caroline L. Noblet and Mario F. Teisl 20. Behavioural Economics, Consumption and Environmental Protection Cass R. Sunstein 21. Promoting Sustainable Consumption: The Risks of Using Financial Incentives Jan Willem Bolderdijk and Linda Steg 22. Voluntary Standards as Enablers and Impediments to Sustainable Consumption Andreas Rasche 23. Step Across The Border–Knowledge Brokerage for Sustainable Consumption Gerd Scholl Part VII: FUTURE DIRECTIONS 24. Decoupling Resource Consumption and Economic Growth: Insights Into an Unsolved Global Challenge Peter Hennicke and Dorothea Hauptstock 25. The Role of Consumer Sovereignty in Sustaining the Market Economy Wolfgang J. Fellner and Clive L. Spash 26. Collaborating and Connecting: The Emergence of the Sharing Economy Juliet B. Schor and Connor J. Fitzmaurice 27. Toward a Post-Consumerist Future? Social Innovation in an Era of Fading Economic Growth Maurie J. Cohen Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisPutting Sustainability into Practice offers a robust and interdisciplinary understanding of contemporary consumption routines that challenges conventional approaches to social change premised on behavioral economics and social psychology. Empirical research is featured from eight different countries, using both qualitative and quantitative data to support its thesis.Given the complex and systemic nature of contemporary ecological issues like climate change, a rapidly growing group of scholars is seeking new explanations of behavioral patterns and behavioral change. These new accounts clarify why patterns of consumption and waste continue to be unsustainable despite a wealth of information proving sustainability's importance. In particular, social practice theories offer a way of understanding how material consumption is built into the everyday work of belonging and shaping one's social life. Putting Sustainability into Practice contributes to the rich scholarship developed to date by applying social practice theories to case studies. These case studies are likely to be especially valuable to readers who are relatively new to the social practice perspective. The volume also includes research that advances social practice theories, moving the study of sustainable consumption into novel terrain such as sustainable finance, collective action, and social policy.This book offers multiple empirical applications of social practice theories in sustainable consumption, advancing this research area in such a way that will attract academics to its findings. Those teaching classes in the environmental social sciences will find this introduction suitable for the classroom as well. It offers a rare account of the history of social practice theories and provides numerous case studies to which one can apply these approaches. Graduate students will also find this a useful guide to conducting empirical research on sustainable consumption and civic engagement from a social practices perspective.Contributors: J. Backhaus, S. Barr, T. Bateman, F. Forno, M. Gismondi, C. Grasseni, M. Jaeger-Erben, D. Kasper, R. Kemp, J. Marois, J. Rückert-John, M. Sahakian, C. Schelly, S. Signori, D. Straith, H. WieserTrade Review'For too long there has been a huge gap between thinking about sustainability, and actually doing something about it. This outstanding book questions the prevailing ''Norms and Nudge'' approach based on changing people's minds, and shows how practice theory can be used to move towards truly effective social change. This is a big step forward in rethinking the connection between consumerism and the limits of sustainability.' --Richard Wilk, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University'Sustainable consumption has become one of the most dynamic fields in the social sciences. Putting Sustainability Into Practice consistently demonstrates how the social practice approach has become the best alternative to behaviorist and rationalistic theories of social action and to nudge perspectives. It is definitely an insightful volume that should urgently be put into the hands of policy makers!' --Sophie Dubuisson-Quellier, National Center for Scientific Research, Sciences Po, Paris, France'[T]he book is well-written and the theoretical discussions and empirical analyses are strong. The authors provide excellent models to assist the reader and the text is rich withsupporting materials such as summary tables, bar graphs, and flow charts . . . .The book stands as an appropriate supplemental text for advanced undergraduate and graduate sustainability seminars. It would be an appropriate addition to college, university, and personal libraries as it provides the basis of continuing research for those working in the areas of social practice theory and sustainability.' --Michael Hirsch, International Social Science Review Table of ContentsContents: PART I 1. Social Practice Theories and Research on Sustainable Consumption Emily Huddart Kennedy, Maurie J. Cohen, and Naomi T. Krogman PART II SOCIAL MOBILIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION 2. Contextualizing Social Practices: Insights into Social Change Debbie Kasper 3. Environmental Civic Practices: Synthesizing Individual and Collective Sustainable Consumption Emily Huddart Kennedy and Tyler Bateman 4. Italy’s Solidarity Purchase Groups as ‘Citizenship Labs’ Francesca Forno, Cristina Grasseni, and Silvana Signori PART III COLLECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF HOUSEHOLD PRACTICES 5. Beyond Behavior Change: Social Practice Theory and the Search for Sustainable Mobility Stewart Barr 6. Disentangling Practices, Carriers, and Production-consumption Systems: A Mixed-method Study of (Sustainable) Food Consumption Julia Backhaus, Harald Wieser, and René Kemp 7. Getting Emotional: Historic and Current Changes in Food Consumption Practices Viewed Through the Lens of Cultural Theories Marlyne Sahakian PART IV SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND SOCIAL INNOVATION 8. Researching Transitions to Sustainable Consumption: A Practice Theory Approach to Studying Innovations in Consumption Melanie Jaeger-Erben and Jana Rückart-John 9. How Policy Frameworks Shape Environmental Practice: Three Cases of Alternative Dwelling Chelsea Schelly 10. ‘Unleashing Local Capital’: Scaling Cooperative Local Investing Practices Mike Gismondi, Juanita Marois, and Danica Straith PART V CONCLUDING REMARKS 11. Forging Further into Putting Sustainability into Practice Naomi T. Krogman, Maurie J. Cohen, and Emily Huddart Kennedy Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisSuccessive IPCC reports consistently stress the devastating impact of human activity on the climate. An ecological transition seems essential to modify our economic and social system, while meeting the needs of current and future generations. As the main culprits of environmental destruction, companies must modify their production methods to reduce their negative impact on the environment. Eco Design and Ecological Transition presents an innovative approach to eco design, a method that aims to offer products or services with a reduced environmental impact compared to conventional production methods, from the extraction of resources to the end of the product''s life. The book also analyzes the potential of the circular economy and frugal innovation. It shows that innovation, to be sustainable, must be both environmentally and socially sustainable. From a systemic point of view, it examines the ability of players, particularly companies, to change their strategies

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book reviews the past, present and future generation and use of electricity. While noting the importance of electricity to the well-being of people, it argues that all means of electricity generation have adverse ecological consequences. The ecological effects of all the main forms of electricity generation, storage and transmission are reviewed in 14 chapters. The chapters briefly cover the engineering and physics of each method of electricity generation followed by a description of the different ways in which the technology interacts with the natural world. Finally, sections consider the importance of these impacts and how they can be mitigated or avoided. A final chapter summarizes the issues and emphasizes that the only way to truly minimize the impacts of electricity generation is to reduce our consumption and transmission. Future efforts should continue to focus on increasing the efficiency of light production, refrigeration, electrical appliances and batteries.Table of Contents1: Our Need for Electricity and the Main Energy Sources Available 2: Hydroelectric Generation 3: Tidal Generation 4: Wave Power and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion 5: Steam Turbines and Their Cooling Systems 6: Nuclear Generation 7: Coal and Oil-Fired Power Plants 8: Gas-Fired Power Plants 9: Wind Turbines and the Effects of Offshore Piling 10: Solar Power 11: Fuel Cells and Flow Batteries 12: Batteries 13: Biofuels and Waste-Powered Generation 14: Small-Scale and Mobile Electric Generators 15: Ecological Issues Relating to Transmission Lines 16: Geothermal Generation 17: Minimizing Environmental Damage While Generating Electricity Cost-Effectively

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe use of mathematical models is a fundamental aspect of modern science. With computers now allowing previously difficult calculations to be done quickly and easily, an understanding of mathematics and an appreciation for modelling is possible even in fields with traditionally less mathematical content. Modelling Nature introduces basic concepts in mathematical modelling applied to natural systems to tackle real-world problems from fields such as physics, ecology, geology and epidemiology. It shows how using models can help to unravel complex issues such as the melting of the Arctic ice, the spread of infectious disease and the age of the Earth. The text helps students to build steadily upon a basic level of mathematics, to a more advanced understanding of mathematical concepts, for a thorough understanding of a variety of mathematical techniques. Key features include: Worked through calculations, with clear steps that can be followed with just a calculator, pen and paper or popular software packages. Intuitive introduction of advanced mathematical techniques in the context of model building, for an understanding of real-life application. An emphasis on an overall philosophy of building models, drawing repeatedly from the key elements of data, physical processes and mathematical methods to develop and refine models.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Modelling the Changing Arctic Ice Chapter 2: Modelling Bacterial Population Growth Chapter 3: Modelling the Growth of Human Populations Chapter 4: Modelling Radioactive Decay to Determine the Age of the Earth Chapter 5: Modelling the Distribution of Butterfly Species Chapter 6: Volcanic Gas, Environmental Damage and Statistical Models

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis short textbook introduces students to the concept of describing natural systems using mathematical models. We highlight the variety of ways in which natural systems lend themselves to mathematical description and the importance of models in revealing fundamental processes. The process of science via the building, testing and use of models (theories) is described and forms the structure of the book. The book covers a broad range from the molecular to ecosystems and whole-Earth phenomena. Themes running through the chapters include scale (temporal and spatial), change (linear and nonlinear), emergent phenomena and uncertainty. Mathematical descriptions are kept to a minimum and we illustrate mechanisms and results in graphical form wherever possible. Essential mathematical details are described fully, with the use of boxes. The mathematics supports but does not lead the text.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Modelling the Changing Arctic Ice Chapter 2: Modelling Bacterial Population Growth Chapter 3: Modelling the Growth of Human Populations Chapter 4: Modelling Radioactive Decay to Determine the Age of the Earth Chapter 5: Modelling the Distribution of Butterfly Species Chapter 6: Volcanic Gas, Environmental Damage and Statistical Models

Read more less

Book SynopsisIslands are special places; they can be havens for unique plants and animals and refuges for wildlife. This book investigates the biogeography of butterfly species over the British islands, particularly the factors that influence their presence on the islands and that have made each island's butterfly fauna distinctive. The book contains a full log of records of species on the islands and much supporting information. The first three chapters set the scene, illustrating the basics of island biogeography theory, their changing circumstances during the current Holocene interglacial, and studies of natural history of British butterflies that mark the islands as the most intensively studied region for wildlife in the world. The book advances by increasing resolution downscale from a European continental perspective, through patterns and changes on the British mainland, a comparison of the two dominant islands of Britain and Ireland, to a close inspection of the dynamics of species on the multitude of offshore islands. Detailed investigations include contrasts in species' richness on the islands and then of the incidences of each species. Case studies highlight the continual turnover of species on islands. Attention is then given to evolutionary changes since the time that glaciers enveloped Europe. A powerful message is conveyed for the maintenance of butterfly species on the smaller British islands now experiencing population losses at a rate unprecedented since the spread of the last ice sheets: the incontrovertible importance of maintaining populations of species on nearby mainland sources for islands as pools for future migrants.Table of Contents1: Basics of Island Biogeography 2: The British Islands: a Geological and Historical Outline 3: Island Butterflies: Understanding and Interpreting Records 4: British and Irish Butterfly Species: Links and Gradients 5: Island Associations and Species Affinities: Geographical Influences 6: Assessing the Status of Individual Species on Islands: from Geography to Ecology 7: Changing Patterns of Species Incidences on Islands 8: British and Irish Islands: an Evolutionary Vantage 9: Island Studies: a Glance Back and the View Ahead

Read more less

Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world?s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. 'Ecological economics has roots in numerous disciplines including various branches of economics, ecology, physics, systems analysis and the study of technology. In his succinct Advanced Introduction to Ecological Economics, Matthias Ruth shows how each of these lines of intellectual inquiry has contributed to the development of ecological economics. He covers its history, main findings and current issues closing with a valuable discussion of complexity and the challenges for analysis and management in a full world.'- Peter A. Victor, York University, Canada Any human endeavor is shaped by, and shapes, changes in the physical and biological environment. In this Advanced Introduction, Matthias Ruth draws on a diverse set of theories, methods and applications to critically assess key concepts in ecological economics. Understanding biophysical foundations of economic growth and development is at the core of ecological economics. The author provides a precise introduction to the interdependencies between economic and environmental change, focusing on the fundamental dependence of the economy on the environment, as a provider of energy, materials and waste assimilation services.Key features include:? an advanced introduction to theories, methods and applications of ecological economics that are reflective rather than enumerative? clarification of the differences between traditional resource and environmental economics? valuable insights from the Global South as well as from experiences in industrialized countries to explore the topic in depth. Offering a unique insight into a field that is still in its formative years of development, this concise and accessible Advanced Introduction will greatly benefit students, researchers and instructors in environmental science and ecological economics.Trade Review'Ruth offers a compact, very readable introduction to the booming field of Ecological Economics as it seeks to trace the interdependencies among human activities and environmental change, focusing in particular on industrial market driven economies. With a very modest degree of mathematical formalization, it pays tribute to science disciplines like physics and ecology in understanding the effects of economic decisions on the biosphere, and makes brief but distinct excursions into mainstream economics to mark the specifics of the ecological economic approach.' --Marina Fischer-Kowalski, University of Vienna, Austria'Being a diverse field, ecological economics tends to be interpreted in distinct ways by different authors. Ruth offers his own take in this concise treatment that quickly moves beyond basics to make the reader aware of the complications characterizing integrated studies. While one could argue with some of his conclusions, they are always richly laced with arguments and illustrations.' --Jeroen van den Bergh, University of Barcelona, Spain and Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands'This Advanced Introduction is introductory because it starts at the beginning. First principles of economics and ecology are united in a pre-analytic vision of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosphere. It is ''advanced'' because it rigorously elaborates that vision to explain ecological economics, with ample references to the literature, and admirable brevity. A splendid contribution!' --Herman Daly, University of Maryland, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Economic Principles of Resource Use and Environmental Change 3. Models of the Economy, Society and Environment 4. Biophysical Principles 5. Technology and Innovation in their Economic, Social and Environmental Context 6. Complexity and the Challenges for Analysis and Management in a Full World References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisElgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world?s leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. 'Ecological economics has roots in numerous disciplines including various branches of economics, ecology, physics, systems analysis and the study of technology. In his succinct Advanced Introduction to Ecological Economics, Matthias Ruth shows how each of these lines of intellectual inquiry has contributed to the development of ecological economics. He covers its history, main findings and current issues closing with a valuable discussion of complexity and the challenges for analysis and management in a full world.'- Peter A. Victor, York University, Canada Any human endeavor is shaped by, and shapes, changes in the physical and biological environment. In this Advanced Introduction, Matthias Ruth draws on a diverse set of theories, methods and applications to critically assess key concepts in ecological economics. Understanding biophysical foundations of economic growth and development is at the core of ecological economics. The author provides a precise introduction to the interdependencies between economic and environmental change, focusing on the fundamental dependence of the economy on the environment, as a provider of energy, materials and waste assimilation services.Key features include:? an advanced introduction to theories, methods and applications of ecological economics that are reflective rather than enumerative? clarification of the differences between traditional resource and environmental economics? valuable insights from the Global South as well as from experiences in industrialized countries to explore the topic in depth. Offering a unique insight into a field that is still in its formative years of development, this concise and accessible Advanced Introduction will greatly benefit students, researchers and instructors in environmental science and ecological economics.Trade Review'Ruth offers a compact, very readable introduction to the booming field of Ecological Economics as it seeks to trace the interdependencies among human activities and environmental change, focusing in particular on industrial market driven economies. With a very modest degree of mathematical formalization, it pays tribute to science disciplines like physics and ecology in understanding the effects of economic decisions on the biosphere, and makes brief but distinct excursions into mainstream economics to mark the specifics of the ecological economic approach.' --Marina Fischer-Kowalski, University of Vienna, Austria'Being a diverse field, ecological economics tends to be interpreted in distinct ways by different authors. Ruth offers his own take in this concise treatment that quickly moves beyond basics to make the reader aware of the complications characterizing integrated studies. While one could argue with some of his conclusions, they are always richly laced with arguments and illustrations.' --Jeroen van den Bergh, University of Barcelona, Spain and Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands'This Advanced Introduction is introductory because it starts at the beginning. First principles of economics and ecology are united in a pre-analytic vision of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosphere. It is ''advanced'' because it rigorously elaborates that vision to explain ecological economics, with ample references to the literature, and admirable brevity. A splendid contribution!' --Herman Daly, University of Maryland, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Economic Principles of Resource Use and Environmental Change 3. Models of the Economy, Society and Environment 4. Biophysical Principles 5. Technology and Innovation in their Economic, Social and Environmental Context 6. Complexity and the Challenges for Analysis and Management in a Full World References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis comprehensive Dictionary brings together an extensive range of definitive terms in ecological economics. Assembling contributions from distinguished scholars, it provides an intellectual map to this evolving subject ranging from the practical to the philosophical. Following an insightful review of the intellectual and organisational origins of this topic by Joan Martínez-Alier, over 1,100 terms are thoroughly defined with their meanings and uses in ecological economics explained. In addition, most of the terms include recommendations for further reading to provide greater context and understanding, alongside citations to allow for further illustration on how a term is used in the field. Encompassing a broad overview of the field, this Dictionary will be a useful reference for students at all levels, alongside faculty and researchers. It will also be an informative resource for government and NGO professionals in environmental conservation to better understand the crucial vocabulary that governs their field.Trade Review‘The Dictionary of Ecological Economics will prove essential to living in the Anthropocene. The words we use and how we use them affect how we engage with nature and each other. Using more systemic words and giving systemic meaning to old words is essential for the survival of people and other species.’ -- Richard B. Norgaard, University of California, Berkeley, US‘In the age of Google do we really need a dictionary of anything, much less ecological economics? The answer is Yes! If you need consistent, citable definitions from an authoritative source for your next journal article or just to satisfy your curiosity, this is the place to go.’ -- Robert Costanza, University College London, UK

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this authoritative book, leading international experts examine the use of scenario analyses and modelling in environmental assessments, highlighting their potential uses in making evidence-based decisions to address the risks and adverse impacts of rapid environmental change such as global warming and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In addition to theoretical and conceptual issues, contributors analyse the latest research on the applications of scenarios and models, and discuss the opportunities and challenges in using them for policy relevant research and action. Chapters include in-depth case studies from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America as well as those with a global or regional focus, providing a comprehensive review of the available tools and frameworks for conducting environmental assessments in diverse contexts. This book offers a roadmap for strengthening the science policy interface for environmental decision-making. Environmental Assessments will be crucial reading for scholars, postgraduate students, practitioners and policy makers working in ecological economics and ecology, biodiversity and ecosystem services, climate change and natural resources. It will be particularly useful for those working for international and intergovernmental agencies, national governments, businesses and NGOs looking to make informed decisions about responses to environmental change.Trade Review‘This book is an important contribution to research on environmental models, providing a comprehensive overview of the literature on building scenarios and how these can contribute in decision-making to reduce risks to planetary health and human well-being.’ -- Purnamita Dasgupta, Ecology, Economy and Society'This is an excellent collection of the latest state-of-the-art work on environmental scenario analysis and long-term modelling from within the social sciences. It provides essential conceptual, methodological and empirical insights to anyone working on understanding the long-term and complex causes and implications of environmental problems.' --Andreas Kontoleon, University of Cambridge, UK'One of the less obvious benefits of international assessments is spin-off books on topics flagged in the assessments. This book picks up on several issues identified in the IPBES methodological assessment of biodiversity scenarios and models. Aside from a very useful set of chapters on methodology, it includes a number of applications to marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and urban systems. Dr Ninan is to be congratulated for bringing together such an interesting and informative collection.' --Charles Perrings, Arizona State University, US'As we move deeper into the Anthropocene, the need deepens for assessments of the complex interactions between man and his environment. This book is a big step towards filling this gap. It provides interesting assessments on a row of important topics from seafoods to forestry, management of invasive species to climate and fisheries or municipal planning. The book draws extensively on good expertise from a range of important countries, including many in the developing world. Strongly recommended reading for everyone interested in ecosystems and global change.' --Thomas Sterner, University of Gothenburg, SwedenTable of ContentsContents: Foreword Anne Larigauderie Preface 1 Introduction 1 K.N. Ninan PART I THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 2 Developing national scale integrated social-ecological scenarios for Canada’s oceans and marine fisheries 37 Louise S.L. Teh, William W.L. Cheung and U. Rashid Sumaila 3 Improving estimates of the economic effects of climate change in integrated assessment models 51 Lydia F. Prieg and Dmitry Yumashev 4 Monitoring and projecting land use and land cover change at multiple spatial scales 68 Isabel M.D. Rosa PART II APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES 5 The future value of ecosystem services: global scenarios and national implications 81 Ida Kubiszewski, Robert Costanza, Sharolyn Anderson and Paul Sutton 6 Models and strategies for prioritizing the control of invasive exotic weeds in protected areas: theoretical and pragmatic challenges 109 Clement A. Tisdell, Bruce A. Auld and Stephen B. Johnson 7 Modelling the role of livestock intensification and deforestation in Brazil’s nationally determined contribution on emissions mitigation 126 Rafael De Oliveira Silva, Luis Gustavo Barioni and Dominic Moran 8 Spatial modelling and BAU scenario analysis of Cambodian forest 143 Ram Avtar, Ridhika Aggarwal and Rajesh Bahadur Thapa 9 Climate change and British Columbia’s staple seafood supply and prices 162 U. Rashid Sumaila and Vicky W.Y. Lam 10 Key socio-economic drivers for environmental change in Latin America and the Caribbean since 1960: trends, interactions and impacts 179 Ramón Pichs-Madruga 11 Ecosystem service assessment and mapping for sustainable management of wetlands in Kerala, India 200 Michael Sinclair, Andrea Ghermandi, Sheela A. Moses and Sabu Joseph 12 The Scenario Collaboratory: a framework for integrating environmental assessments and scenarios into municipal planning 215 Liliana Caughman, Noel Plemmons, Fletcher Beaudoin, Michele Crim and Vivek Shandas 13 Participatory modelling in adaptive environmental management: a case study in semi-arid northern Nicaragua 231 Federica Ravera, David Tarrasón, Klaus Hubacek, Roberto Molowny-Horas and Jan Sendzimir Index 249

Read more less

Book SynopsisToday, 55% of the world's human population lives in urban areas. By 2030, up to 90% of the global human population will live in cities and the global population is expected to increase by 68% by 2050. Although land cover categorized as "urban" is a relatively small fraction of the total surface of the Earth, urban areas are major driving forces in global environmental change, habitat loss, threats to biodiversity, and the loss of terrestrial carbon stored in vegetation biomass. These and many other factors highlight the need to understand the broad-scale impacts of urban expansion as it effects the ecological interactions between humans, wildlife and plant communities. In a series of essays by leading experts this book defines urban ecology, and provides much-needed focus on the main issues of this increasingly important subdiscipline such as the impacts of invasive species, protecting pollinators in urban environments, the green cities movement and ecological corridors. The book stresses the importance of understanding ecological forces and ecosystem services in urban areas and the integration of ecological concepts in urban planning and design. The creation of urban green spaces is critical to the future of urban areas, enhancing human social organization, human health and quality of life. Urban ecology is becoming a foundational component of many degree programs in universities worldwide and this book will be of great interest to students and researchers in ecology and conservation science, and those involved in urban planning and urban environmental management.Table of Contents1: Urban Ecology: What is it and Why? 2: How Urban Forest Composition Shapes the Structure and Function of Arthropod Communities 3: Wildlife in the City: Human Drivers and Human Consequences 4: Urban Plant Ecophysiology 5: Urban Biodiversity: Between Elsewhere-Nature and the Post-Wild World 6: Protecting Pollinators in the Urban Environment 7: Urban Ecology as an Integrative Science and Practice 8: The Ecology of Urban Climates 9: The Green Cities Movement: Progress and Future Challenges 10: Light pollution: How Urban Conditions Influence Ecological Interactions 11: Citizen Science in Urban Habitats 12: Ecology of Insects and Other Arthropods in Urban Agroecosystems 13: Future Prospects and Challenges in Urban Ecology

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn understanding of ecology is an important requirement of a wide range of academic areas, including biology, zoology and environmental science. This book is a study and revision guide for students following programmes of study in which ecology is an important component. It contains 600 multiple-choice questions (and answers) set at three levels - foundation, intermediate and advanced - and grouped into 10 major topic areas: · The history and foundations of ecology · Abiotic factors and environmental monitoring · Taxonomy and biodiversity · Energy flow and production ecology · Nutrient and material cycles · Ecophysiology · Population ecology · Community ecology and species interactions · Ecological genetics and evolution · Ecological methods and statistics The book has been produced in a convenient format so that it can be used at any time in any place. It allows the reader to learn and revise the meaning of ecological terms, the basic processes operating in ecosystems, the dynamics of populations, ecological genetics and the process of evolution, the methods used in ecological surveys, and much more. The structure of the book allows the study of one topic area at a time, progressing through simple questions to those that are more demanding. Many of the questions require students to use their knowledge to interpret information provided in the form of graphs, data or photographs, providing a useful tool for independent study.Table of Contents1: The history and foundations of ecology 2: Abiotic factors and environmental monitoring 3: Taxonomy and biodiversity 4: Energy flow and production ecology 5: Nutrient and material cycles 6: Ecophysiology 7: Population ecology 8: Community ecology and species interactions 9: Ecological genetics and evolution 10: Ecological methods and statistics 11: Answers

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book addresses present-day landscapes, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity as legacies of the past. It implements an interdisciplinary approach to understand how natural or human-impacted ecological systems have changed over time.Historical Ecology combines theory, methods, regional case studies and syntheses to provide a complete up-to-date overview of historical ecology. Beginning with the crucial role of time and inference from observed patterns, the book critically reviews the main methodological approaches, including monitoring of permanent plots, analysis of old maps, repeat photography, remote sensing, soil analysis, charcoal analysis, botanical indicators, and combinations of these methods applied to forest ecosystems.A series of case studies from various biomes shows how historical ecology can help in understanding today’s socio-ecosystems, such as mainland and island forests, orchards, tundra and coastal dunes. The book concludes by showing how historical ecology can answer timely fundamental research questions and provide science-based evidence for landscape and ecosystem management.Table of ContentsChapter 1 A General Introduction to Historical Ecology 1Guillaume DECOCQ 1.1 The roots of historical ecology 2 1.2 A multidisciplinary approach of socio-ecosystems 3 1.3 Recent trends in historical ecology 4 1.4 The way forward 6 1.5 References 7 Chapter 2 Historical Resurveys Reveal Causes of Long-term Ecological Change 11Donald M WALLER 2.1 Serious ecological changes are pervasive 11 2.2 Anthropogenic drivers of ecological change 12 2.2.1 The missing baseline problem 12 2.2.2 Ecological communities are complex 13 2.3 Kinds of ecological change 14 2.3.1 Natural community dynamics 14 2.3.2 Anthropogenic drivers of ecological change 14 2.4 Understanding the forces driving ecological change 18 2.4.1 Natural experiments 18 2.4.2 Metrics of change 19 2.4.3 Can functional traits reveal drivers of change? 19 2.4.4 Vectors of change – ordination 20 2.5 Conclusion 22 2.6 References 22 Chapter 3 Getting the Right Answer Can Take a While: Long-term Ecological Field Studies as Historical Ecology 27Frank S GILLIAM 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Fernow Experimental Forest 29 3.2.1 Background 29 3.2.2 Site description 30 3.2.3 Field design 30 3.3 Long-term studies at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia 32 3.3.1 Effects of acidification on soil fertility and herb layer cover and foliar nutrients 32 3.3.2 Effects of N addition on soil N dynamics 34 3.3.3 Effects of N addition on herb layer composition and diversity 35 3.3.4 The N homogeneity hypothesis 37 3.3.5 A look at the future: declines in the atmospheric deposition of N 40 3.4 Conclusion 40 3.5 References 41 Chapter 4 Gaps and Cracks in Land Cover Mapping for Historical Ecology 45Francesca Di PIETRO, Roger COLY, Clémence CHAUDRON, Samuel LETURCQ 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Three main steps of past land cover mapping 46 4.3 Land cover in the 19th century: the old cadasters 47 4.4 Land cover in the 20th century: aerial photographs 50 4.5 Present land cover: modern databases 52 4.6 From different sources to one land cover typology 53 4.7 Conclusion 55 4.8 References 55 Chapter 5 The Use of Repeat Photography in African Historical Ecology 57Michael Timm HOFFMAN and Rick F ROHDE 5.1 Repeat photography as an emerging tool in African historical ecology 57 5.2 Repeat photography and landscape change in Africa 58 5.2.1 Early contributions 58 5.2.2 Ethiopia 58 5.2.3 Southern Africa 59 5.3 Long-term change in plant populations as revealed by repeat photography 62 5.4 Strengths and limitations 64 5.5 Future directions 65 5.6 References 66 Chapter 6 Remote Sensing for Historical Ecology 71Pierre-Alexis HERRAULT and David SHEEREN 6.1 Introduction 71 6.2 Landscape spatio-temporal changes as a proxy of biodiversity 72 6.3 Mapping landscapes at different dates 73 6.3.1 Airborne laser scanning data 73 6.3.2 Historical maps 74 6.3.3 Old aerial photographs 75 6.3.4 Satellite images 76 6.4 Modeling the effects of spatio-temporal changes on present-day biodiversity 77 6.4.1 Structural spatio-temporal metrics 77 6.4.2 Functional spatio-temporal metrics 79 6.5 References 81 Chapter 7 Soil Archives: Where Soilscape History Meets Present-day Ecosystems 85Boris BRASSEUR, Damien ERTLEN and Vincent ROBIN 7.1 Introduction 85 7.2 Mechanisms of soil archiving and the associated dynamics 86 7.2.1 Pedoturbations of biological and physical origins 86 7.2.2 Eluviation–Illuviation 86 7.2.3 Anthropogenic factors 88 7.2.4 Effects of geomorphological processes on soil archives 88 7.3 Examples of soil archives and their influence on current ecosystems 90 7.3.1 Chemical archives, witnesses of progressive soil transformations 90 7.3.2 Physical archives: reading the soil pit profile and microtopographic features 92 7.3.3 Soil organic matter 93 7.3.4 Botanical remains 94 7.4 Conclusion 95 7.5 References 95 Chapter 8 Continuous and Nested Time in Historical Ecology: Application to Soil Studies 99Damien ERTLEN 8.1 Interdisciplinarity and time in historical ecology 99 8.2 Continuous time 100 8.3 Nested time 102 8.4 Different disciplines, different tools 103 8.5 Examples of nested and continuous time: soils and strata 105 8.6 Conclusion 107 8.7 References 108 Chapter 9 The Analysis of Relic Charcoal Kilns for the Assessment of Forest Trajectories 111Vincent ROBIN, Alexa DUFRAISSE and Claudia OLIVEIRA 9.1 Introduction 111 9.2 Looking at the platform of the kiln 112 9.2.1 Looking at the dimensions of the kiln platforms 112 9.2.2 Platform inventory 113 9.3 Looking at the charcoal pieces 115 9.3.1 Sampling 115 9.3.2 Taxonomic identification 115 9.3.3 Dendro-anthracology 117 9.4 Looking at the ages 117 9.5 Conclusion 119 9.6 References 119 Chapter 10 Ancient Trees and Botanical Indicators as Evidence for Change and Continuity in Landscape Evolution 123Ian D ROTHERHAM 10.1 Introduction 123 10.2 What is ancient woodland? Questions of woods versus old-growth forest, and of continuity versus antiquity 124 10.3 The value of ancient woods 124 10.4 Methodology 125 10.4.1 Evidencing ancient woodlands and the use of indicators 125 10.4.2 Tree form and growth as evidence of antiquity and continuity 128 10.4.3 The importance of ancient and veteran trees in woodland 129 10.4.4 Soils and sediments 130 10.5 An emerging woodland paradigm 131 10.6 A simple new conceptual framework 131 10.7 Conclusion 133 10.8 References 133 Chapter 11 Towards a Methodological Framework for Investigating the Hidden History of Woodland Covers 135Damien MARAGE, Catherine FRUCHART, Isabelle JOUFFROY-BAPICOT, Olivier GIRARDCLOS, Vincent BALLAND 11.1 Why talk about hidden history when studying forest vegetation? 135 11.2 From recent forests: a synecological point of view 136 11.3 From the walls: ancient documents and maps 136 11.4 From the wood: dendrochronology 139 11.5 From the ground: palynology 140 11.6 From the air: LiDAR 142 11.7 Discussion 143 11.8 References 146 Chapter 12 The Gate to the Forest is in its History 151Keith J KIRBY 12.1 Introduction 151 12.2 The ancient woodland idea 152 12.3 Legacies of woodland management 153 12.4 Seeing the trees, not the woods 154 12.5 Exploring the distant past 155 12.6 Trees and woods from the past to the future 157 12.7 References 158 Chapter 13 Plant Assemblages and Ecosystem Functioning, a Legacy of Long-term Interactions with Large Herbivores 163Christophe BALTZINGER and Anders MÅRELL 13.1 Introduction 163 13.2 Large herbivores are ecosystem dominant interactors 164 13.2.1 Large herbivores as ecosystem engineers 164 13.2.2 Large herbivores and plant assemblages 166 13.3 Long-term effects and methodological changes 167 13.3.1 Paleoecological records 167 13.3.2 Modern data 167 13.4 Plant–herbivore interactions over the long-term 168 13.4.1 Quaternary communities of large herbivores and associated flora 168 13.4.2 The forest in the early Holocene 169 13.5 Modern vegetation trajectories driven by large herbivores 170 13.5.1 Herbivory effects 170 13.5.2 Temporal trajectories 170 13.6 Perspectives, rewilding and ecosystem restoration 172 13.7 References 173 Chapter 14 A Historical Ecology of the Compiègne Forest (N France) 177Jérôme BURIDANT, Boris BRASSEUR, Hélène HOREN, Emilie GALLET-MORON and Guillaume DECOCQ 14.1 Introduction 177 14.2 The ancient forest: an intensively managed agricultural landscape? 178 14.3 The Medieval forest: a woodland (re)birth or a savanna-like ecosystem? 184 14.4 The contemporary forest (19th century onward): a closed-canopy multifunctional woodland 188 14.5 Conclusion 190 14.6 References 191 Chapter 15 The Chestnut Orchards in the Bolognese Apennines: A Vanishing Socio-ecological Habitat 195Giovanna PEZZI, Fabrizio FERRETTI, Alberto MALTONI, Patrik KREBS, Marco CONEDERA and Giorgio MARESI 15.1 Introduction 195 15.2 The traditional chestnut orchards 197 15.3 The chestnut groves of the Bolognese Apennines 198 15.4 A changing world: abandonment, diseases and other problems 199 15.5 The turning point of the 1980s 199 15.6 Current constraints and future perspectives 200 15.7 References 203 Chapter 16 Claudius’ Coin in the Forest – Niche Construction and Strategies by Early Colonizers of Boreal Inlands in Central Scandinavia 207Ove ERIKSSON and Karl-Johan LINDHOLM 16.1 Introduction 207 16.2 Concepts and theoretical framework 210 16.3 A historical overview of the colonization 211 16.4 A structured landscape 212 16.4.1 Constructing the environment 212 16.4.2 Managing livestock 213 16.4.3 Shielings (secondary farms) 214 16.5 Concluding remarks 216 16.6 References 217 Chapter 17 Recent History of Vegetation Changes in the Arctic 221Antoine BECKER-SCARPITTA, Bastien PARISY and Tomas ROSLIN 17.1 Introduction 221 17.2 The Arctic tundra biome 222 17.3 The Arctic historical ecological archive 222 17.3.1 Remote sensing over time 223 17.3.2 Field-based records 223 17.4 Changes over time in tundra vegetation 225 17.4.1 Changes in vegetation productivity 225 17.4.2 Changes in vegetation phenology 226 17.4.3 Changes in plant community structure, composition and diversity 227 17.5 Synthesis and perspectives 229 17.6 References 230 Chapter 18 Reconstructing the Impact of Humans on Aotearoa New Zealand’s Biodiversity 233Nicolas J RAWLENCE, Alexander J.F VERRY, Karen GREIG, Justin J MAXWELL, Lara D SHEPHERD and Richard WALTER 18.1 Introduction 233 18.2 Archaeological evidence for anthropogenic impact in New Zealand 234 18.3 Paleovegetation change in pre- and post-European contact New Zealand 237 18.4 Utilizing Aotearoa’s natural resources: Māori cultivation and translocation of flora and fauna 239 18.5 Evolutionary consequences of Polynesian and European arrival 240 18.6 Conclusion 243 18.7 References 243 Chapter 19 Historical Ecology of the Coastal Aeolian Sedimentary Systems of the Canary Islands 247Aarón Moisés SANTANA-CORDERO, Antonio Ignacio HERNÁNDEZ-CORDERO, Néstor MARRERO-RODRÍGUEZ, Leví GARCÍA-ROMERO, Elisabet FERNÁNDEZ-CABRERA, Carolina PEÑA-ALONSO, Emma PÉREZ-CHACÓN ESPINO and Luis HERNÁNDEZ-CALVENTO 19.1 Introduction 247 19.2 Study sites 248 19.3 Historical evolution of the coastal aeolian sedimentary systems of the Canary Islands 251 19.3.1 19th century: territorial consolidation and spread of the agrarian socioeconomic system 252 19.3.2 20th century to the present day: the tourism transformation 253 19.4 Conclusion 255 19.5 References 256 Chapter 20 Historical Forest Microclimates 259Emiel DE LOMBAERDE, Karen DE PAUW, Pallieter DE SMEDT, Jonathan LENOIR, Camille MEEUSSEN, Thomas VANNESTE, Kris VERHEYEN, Florian ZELLWEGER and Pieter DE FRENNE 20.1 Drivers of microclimate at the plot, forest and landscape scale 261 20.2 Methods to infer microclimate from the past and predict into the future 265 20.3 Why do historical microclimates matter? Impacts on biodiversity from the plot to landscape scale 268 20.4 Conclusion 270 20.5 References 270 Chapter 21 Causes and Consequences of Extinction Debts: Perspectives for Historical Ecology and Biological Conservation 273Grégoire BLANCHARD and François MUNOZ 21.1 Introduction 273 21.2 Causes and processes entailing extinction debts 274 21.3 Studying and detecting extinction debts from ecosystem history 276 21.4 Implications for biodiversity conservation and management 280 21.5 Conclusion 281 21.6 References 282 Chapter 22 Historical Ecology for the Past and the Future: Organizing at Local and Regional Scales 285Carole L CRUMLEY 22.1 Introduction 285 22.2 Founding IHOPE 286 22.3 Integrating the social sciences and humanities 287 22.4 Historical ecology 288 22.5 Conclusion 290 22.6 References 291 List of Authors 295 Index 301

Read more less

Book SynopsisClimate disruption, overpopulation, biodiversity loss, the threats of financial collapse, large-scale damage to our natural and social environments and eroding democracy are all becoming critically important concerns. The editors of this timely book assert that these problems are not separate, but all stem from our overreliance on an out-dated approach to economics that puts growth of production and consumption above all else. Ecological economics can help create the future that most people want - a future that is prosperous, just, equitable and sustainable. This forward-thinking book lays out an alternative approach that places the sustainable wellbeing of humans and the rest of nature as the overarching goal. Each of the book s chapters, written by a diverse collection of scholars and practitioners, outlines a research and action agenda for how this future can look and possible actions for its realization. Sustainable Wellbeing Futures will be of value to academics and students researching environmental and ecological economics, as well as individuals interested in gaining a greater understanding of the concept of a wellbeing future and how we might act to achieve it. Contributors include: M. Abrams, J. Adams, G. Alperovitz, J. Ament, D. Baker, L. Barbeiri, D. Barmes, S. Bliss, R. Boumans, K. Brevik, P. Brown, M. Burke, B.S. Caniglia, C. Carmichael, J.C. Castilla-Rho, R. Costanza, A. Damiano, T. Dietz, E.M.B. Doran, B. Dube, M. Egler, J.D. Erickson, S.C. Farber, J. Farley, L. Fioramonti, M.-J.V. Fox, K. Gallagher, T. Gladkikh, R.K. Gould, J. Gourevitch, J. Gowdy, C. Guay-Boutet, M. Hensher, R.B. Howarth, T. Jackson, X. Ji, D.C. Kenny, K. Kish, C. Koliba, J. Kolodinsky, N. Kosoy, I. Kubiszewski, M.T. Lucas, V. Luzadis, D. Markowitz, S. Marshall, J. McGlade, M. Moser, S. O'Hara, C. Orr, P. Perez, K. Pickett, S. Posner, S. Quilley, T.H. Ricketts, A.B. Schneider, D. Spethmann, R. Svartzman, S. Telle, K. Trebeck, J. Valcour, M. Venkatesan, P.A. Victor, A. Voinov, S. Wallis, R. Wilkinson, G. Yahya Haage, Y. Yoshida, E. Zencey, A. Zia Trade Review'There is no way to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals without a systemic approach to economic, environmental and social policies. This is why this is one of the most comprehensive, advanced and useful books I have ever seen to address the huge challenges humanity faces in the XXI Century. This book is a ''must'' for policy makers and analysts, for academic and applied economists and statisticians, as well as for modellers to provide innovative answers to questions coming from the unsustainability of our socio-economic systems.' --Enrico Giovannini, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Italy'Ecological Economics has given us the vision of an economy in service to sustainable wellbeing for over three decades. This essential volume combines the best ideas from the leaders in the field with the thinking of young emerging scholars to set forth the research and action needed to make a finer future a reality.' --Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism Solutions, US'This book beautifully demonstrates that ecological economics, now grown beyond its teenage years, has plenty more to say about human wellbeing and sustainability than the obsolete bodies of knowledge it is replacing. By recognizing our ecological context, it becomes possible to find solutions that serve human wellbeing that can last. This book is the living proof that ecological economics has the power to guide us to a better future.' --Mathis Wackernagel, Global Footprint NetworkTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Jacqueline McGlade xii Preface xv In memoriam: Eric Zencey 1953–2019 xvii 1 Introduction: what is ecological economics and why do we need it now more than ever 1 Robert Costanza, Jon D. Erickson, Joshua Farley, and Ida Kubiszewski PART I THE FUTURE WE WANT 2 Creating positive futures for humanity on earth 17 Robert Costanza, Elizabeth M. B. Doran, Tatiana Gladkikh, Ida Kubiszewski, Valerie A. Luzadis, and Eric Zencey 3 Work, labour, and regenerative production 27 Kaitlin Kish and Stephen Quilley 4 The role of technology in achieving the future we want 45 Stewart Wallis, Lindsay Barbieri, Alice Damiano, and Matthew Burke 5 Ecological economics in China: from origins, to inertia, to rejuvenation 61 Xi Ji 6 Taking evolution seriously: the role of ecological economics in escaping the Anthropocene and reaching for the Ecozoic 90 Peter G. Brown and John Gowdy PART II MEASURING AND ACHIEVING WELLBEING 7 Frameworks and systems thinking for measuring and achieving sustainable wellbeing 103 Elizabeth M. B. Doran, Lindsay Barbieri, Ida Kubiszewski, Kate Pickett, Thomas Dietz, Michael Abrams, Richard Wilkinson, Robert Costanza, Stephen C. Farber, and Jeannine Valcour 8 How ecosystem services research can advance ecological economics principles 127 Rachelle K. Gould, Taylor H. Ricketts, Richard B. Howarth, Svenja Telle, Tatiana Gladkikh, Stephen Posner, Jesse Gourevitch, and Yuki Yoshida 9 Wellbeing in the more-than-human world 151 Kristian Brevik, John Adams, Benjamin Dube, Lindsay Barbieri, and Gabriel Yahya Haage 10 From measurement to application: wellbeing indicators in socio-ecological systems 167 Kati Gallagher, Michael Moser, Mairi-Jane V. Fox, and Jane Kolodinsky 11 The struggle for equality and sustainability 179 Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett 12 Human health and ecological economics 188 Martin Hensher PART III THE INSTITUTIONS WE REQUIRE 13 Cultural evolution, multi-level selection, and institutions for cooperation 210 Joshua Farley, John Gowdy, and Stephen Marshall 14 Moral and ethical foundations for ecological economics 229 Dan Spethmann and Valerie A. Luzadis 15 Governing for sustainable development: rethinking governance and ecological economics 243 Christopher Koliba, Megan Egler, and Stephen Posner 16 Money, interest rates and accumulation on a finite planet: revisiting the ‘monetary growth imperative’ through institutionalist approaches 266 Romain Svartzman, Joseph Ament, David Barmes, Jon D. Erickson, Joshua Farley, Charles Guay-Boutet, and Nicolas Kosoy 17 The nature and role of business in an ecological economy 284 Mairi-Jane V. Fox, Abigail B. Schneider, Marilyn T. Lucas, and Beth Schaefer Caniglia 18 Principles of stakeholder engagement for ecological economics 300 Madhavi Venkatesan, Jon D. Erickson, and Christine Carmichael PART IV INTEGRATED, DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 19 Integrated ecological economic modeling: what is it good for? 316 Alexey Voinov, Pascal Perez, Juan Carlos Castilla-Rho, and Daniel C. Kenny 20 Designing participatory decision support systems: towards meta-decision making analytics in the next generation of ecological economics 342 Asim Zia and Roel Boumans 21 A research agenda for ecological macroeconomics 357 Peter A. Victor and Tim Jackson PART V MAKING THE TRANSITION 22 Local economies: leading the way to an ecological economy 374 Sabine O’Hara and Daniel Baker 23 Systemic design and systemic crisis in the United States: the pluralist Commonwealth 386 Gar Alperovitz and Joseph Ament 24 Creating a Wellbeing Economy Alliance (WEAll) to motivate and facilitate the transition 399 Robert Costanza, Lorenzo Fioramonti, Ida Kubiszewski, Deborah Markowitz, Christopher Orr, Katherine Trebeck, and Stewart Wallis PART VI SURVEYS OF THE LARGER COMMUNITY ABOUT THE RESEARCH AGENDA 25 Ecological economic goals from emerging scholars 409 Kaitlin Kish and Sam Bliss 26 Assessing ecological economics at 30: results from a survey of ISEE members 427 Benjamin Dube Index 445

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith diverse contributions from over 100 authors around the globe, this comprehensive Encyclopedia summarises the developments of ecological economics from the fundamental contributions to the more recent methodological debates in the field.This Encyclopedia further reflects the relevant state of research including past and present major debates about particular concepts, theories, actors and issues at hand. It provides an expansive list of topics including sustainable development, the limits to growth, agroecology, implications of thermodynamic laws for economics, integrated ecologic-economic modelling, valuation of natural resources and services, and renewable and non-renewable resources management. With a strong normative focus, entries include theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions, as the field orientates its efforts to improve environmental policy and governance to enhance wellbeing, environmental quality, and social justice.This unique reference will be a key tool to students, scholars, policy makers and anyone else seeking to understand the link between economic systems and the environment from the perspective of ecological economics, business management, environmental and urban studies.Key Features: Entries include selected references for further study Entries by both leading scholars and up-and-coming voices Addresses the links between the ecological crisis and economic activity Over 90 entries with accessible explanations of key concepts and methods Multi-disciplinary approach across the fields of economics, ecology, sociology, geography, and also political science and history. Trade Review‘Economics for the twenty-first century? This is what this book is all about. It will become the definitive international reference. Top scholars in the field provide thoughtful summaries of key concepts in ecological economics. By doing this, they offer insights and tools on how to reconcile human development with planetary boundaries, arguably the most important challenge of our time.’ -- Federico Demaria, University of Barcelona, Spain‘This amazing volume reflects that ecological economics has become a mature transdisciplinary field, with consolidated concepts, methods and analytical frameworks. The Editors have done an impressive job in mobilizing contributors to offer stepping stones to those interested in learning how to reconcile our economy with a living planet.’ -- Roldan Muradian, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), BrazilTable of ContentsContents: Preface xvii 1 Agent-based modelling 1 Ivan Savin 2 Agroecology 8 Manuel González de Molina 3 Agrowth 14 Jeroen van den Bergh 4 Anthropocene 21 Jon D. Erickson 5 Biodiversity conservation 25 Eduardo García-Frapolli 6 Bounded openness over natural information 32 Joseph Henry Vogel, María Eugenia Santori-Aymat, Óscar Tomaiconza, Bryan Steven Cortés-Lumbi, and Miguel Fernández-Maldonado 7 Bounded rationality 40 Stefan Drews 8 Carbon taxes 43 Andrea Baranzini and Sylvain Weber 9 Circular economy 49 Ignasi Puig Ventosa and Verónica Martínez Sánchez 10 Climate change and social justice 57 Éloi Laurent 11 Coevolution (socio-biophysical coevolution) 65 Miquel A. Gual and Richard B. Norgaard 12 Common property and environmental governance 70 Sergio Villamayor-Tomás 13 Complex social-ecological systems 75 Pedro L. Lomas 14 Consumption 81 Doris Fuchs and Inge Røpke 15 Cost shifting, competition and economic structure 87 Clive L. Spash and Amelia Fuselier 16 Critical materials 94 Alicia Valero, Guiomar Calvo, and Antonio Valero 17 Degrowth 97 Sam Bliss and Giorgos Kallis 18 Deliberative ecological economics 102 Jasper Kenter 19 Discounting and climate change 111 Cédric Philibert 20 Ecofeminisms 117 Corinna Dengler 21 Ecological distribution conflicts 123 Joan Martínez-Alier 22 Ecological macroeconomics 125 Peter A. Victor 23 Ecological unequal exchange 132 Mario Pérez-Rincón 24 Economic anthropology 138 Clemens M. Grünbühel 25 Economic system 145 José Manuel Naredo 26 Economy as an open system 151 Óscar Carpintero and Jaime Nieto 27 Ecosystem services 157 Brigitte L.G. Baptiste 28 Emergy accounting 161 Silvio Viglia and Sergio Ulgiati 29 Energy return on investment: a unifying principle for socio-ecological sustainability 168 Rigo E.M. Melgar and Charles A.S. Hall 30 Energy transition(s) 179 Mar Rubio-Varas 31 Entropy 186 Alicia Valero, Antonio Valero, and Guiomar Calvo 32 Environmental accounting 189 Maddalena Ripa and Sergio Ulgiati 33 The environmental consequences of inequality 198 James K. Boyce 34 Environmental ethics 202 Joaquín Valdivielso 35 Environmental footprints 208 Kai Fang 36 Environmental governance 214 Jouni Paavola 37 Environmental input– output analysis 220 Mònica Serrano 38 Environmental justice 228 Beatriz Rodríguez-Labajos 39 The environmental Kuznets curve 234 David I. Stern 40 Environmental limits 238 Erik Gómez-Baggethun 41 Environmental stewardship 243 Jennifer Welchman 42 Environmental tax reform 245 Paul Ekins 43 Environmental taxation and the double dividend 249 William K. Jaeger 44 Environmentally extended multi-region input–output analysis 255 Klaus Hubacek and Kuishuang Feng 45 Ethics of quantification 261 Andrea Saltelli and Monica Di Fiore 46 Fetish, commodity fetishism and ecosystem services 266 Nicolas Kosoy 47 Future generations 269 Richard B. Howarth 48 Georgescu-Roegen’s bioeconomics 273 Kozo Torasan Mayumi 49 Green economy 280 Jonathan M. Harris 50 Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) 285 Helmut Haberl, Karl-Heinz Erb, and Fridolin Krausmann 51 The human ecological footprint 294 William E. Rees 52 Incommensurable values 301 Jonathan Aldred 53 Industrial ecology 305 Anke Schaffartzik 54 Institutions 309 Arild Vatn 55 Joint production 315 Johannes Schiller and Stefan Baumgärtner 56 Kapp, Karl William 322 Tommaso Luzzati 57 Land grabbing 326 Arnim Scheidel 58 Land-time budget analysis 332 Clemens M. Grünbühel 59 Languages of valuation 338 Christos Zografos 60 The laws of thermodynamics 345 Gabriel A. Lozada 61 Material flow accounting 353 Fridolin Krausmann 62 The maximum power principle 359 Mark T. Brown 63 Metabolic flow 364 Mario Giampietro 64 Methodological pluralism 372 Richard B. Norgaard 65 Multi-criteria evaluation 375 Giuseppe Munda 66 Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) 381 Mario Giampietro 67 National accounts and macroeconomic indicators 386 Jordi Roca Jusmet 68 Natural capital 390 Robert Costanza 69 Nature-based solutions 393 Francesc Baró and Erik Gómez-Baggethun 70 Nexus approaches in socio-metabolic research 399 Helmut Haberl 71 Payments for ecosystem services 406 Esteve Corbera and Santiago Izquierdo-Tort 72 Peak oil 412 Christian Kerschner 73 Political and institutional ecological economics 421 Peter Söderbaum 74 Population and environment 427 Hernán G. Villarraga 75 Post-normal science 433 Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome R. Ravetz 76 The precautionary principle 436 Andy Stirling 77 Production and economic development 443 José Manuel Naredo 78 Rebound effect and the Jevons paradox 449 Jaume Freire-González 79 Sensitivity analysis 456 Andrea Saltelli, Arnald Puy, and Samuele Lo Piano 80 Sensitivity auditing 463 Andrea Saltelli, Samuele Lo Piano, and Arnald Puy 81 Social ecological economics 468 Clive L. Spash, Adrien Guisan, and Carlotta Verita 82 Social metabolism 475 Manuel González de Molina 83 Spaceship Earth 482 Óscar Carpintero and Jaime Nieto 84 Steady-state economics 487 Herman Daly 85 Sustainability versus monetary reductionism 492 Peter Söderbaum 86 Sustainable development indicators 495 Philip Lawn 87 Uncertainty, risk and ignorance 503 Andrea Saltelli and Jerome R. Ravetz 88 Uncomfortable knowledge 505 Mario Giampietro 89 Unequal caloric exchange 510 Fander Falconí 90 Water footprint 513 Cristina Madrid-López Index 518

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this controversial book Herman Daly, a leading commentator on the environment, offers lively criticism of existing work on ecological economics and the economics of ecology. The theme throughout the book is about changes in perspective, attitudes and policies required to avoid uneconomic growth - that is, the impoverishment that results when the environmental and social costs of growth exceed the benefits.Key issues addressed include: growth economics misunderstandings of thermodynamics economic development and population globalization money humans in the ecosystem. >This major new book will be of interest to economists, ecologists, environmentalists, public policy scholars and activists as well as social philosophers.Trade Review'This book will be essential reading for anyone who seeks answers to resolve the traditionally recognized conflicts between the economy and the environment. The answers this work proposes are not simple, but are well presented and necessary.' -- Bernardo Aguilar-Gonzalez, The Quarterly Review of Biology'Daly's book is an excellent and illustrating confrontation of the two important paradigms of scientific economics. It leaves the reader with the conviction that the still prevailing paradigm of neo-classical economics will have to be replaced if sustainability is to become a real objective of economic policy.' -- Gunther Weinschenck, Quarterly Journal of International AgricultureTable of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: On the Roots of Error in Growth Economics Part II: On Some Specific Errors in Growth Economics Part III: On Economists’ Misunderstanding of Thermodynamics Part IV: On Economic Development and Population Part V: On Globalization as Growth Economics’ Last Gasp Part VI: On Money Part VII: On Purpose Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis authoritative book presents the results of important new research into the economics of biodiversity conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. The contributors offer case studies of the economic causes of biodiversity loss in a range of ecosystem types - wetlands, montane forests, tropical moist forests, semi-arid savannas and lakes - and discuss the policy options for biodiversity conservation in each case. They also provide an in-depth analysis of the environmental consequences of policy reform at the macro- and micro- levels and offer practical recommendations for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.The Economics of Biodiversity Conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa will prove invaluable to scholars and policymakers working within the areas of environmental economics, environmental science and sustainable development.Table of ContentsContents: Preamble 1. The Biodiversity Convention and Biodiversity Loss in Sub-Saharan Africa Part I: The Microeconomics of Biodiversity Loss: Case Studies from Nigeria, Malawi, Kenya and Namibia 2. The Value of Biodiversity in the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands of Northern Nigeria 3. The Loss of Biodiversity in Aquatic Ecosystems 4. Costs and Benefits of Protected Areas 5. Biodiversity Conservation and Land-Use Options in Semi-Arid Lands Part II: Macroeconomics and Biodiversity Loss: Structural Adjustment, Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss in Ghana 6. Forestry, Deforestation and Biodiversity in Ghana 7. The Structural Adjustment Programme and Deforestation in Ghana 8. Estimating the Biodiversity Effects of Structural Adjustment in Ghana 9. Policies for Biodiversity Conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhat are the best land use combinations to meet the social and economic needs of developing nations without jeopardising the ability of natural systems to deliver their life-support functions? Based on theoretical analysis and original case study material, this book attempts to answer this question by studying the interactions between economic forces which can lead to land use changes and the subsequent loss of biodiversity. Raffaello Cervigni examines the policy options and management practices that may counteract these losses and encourage the development of sustainable land use and biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity in the Balance summarises the scientific and economic debate and highlights disagreements about the definitions of biodiversity management objectives. The author goes on to develop an original analytical treatment of the incremental cost financing mechanisms adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Significantly, he undertakes a microeconomic study of land use change in a biosphere reserve in South-East Mexico. Based on an original data set, the author presents a detailed modelling exercise of resource and land use choices at the individual farm level with related projections of the impact at both community and regional levels. Techniques used include multi-period linear programming and dynamic stock-flow simulation. The book concludes by addressing policy implications and options for future research. This book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers and professionals in a variety of disciplines including economics, natural resource studies, social studies, geography and land planning. The book will also be of value to the large environmental NGO community.Trade Review'Recognising that international policymakers are increasingly shifting away from the approach to biodiversity conservation that seeks to protect large, relatively undisturbed ecosystems, Raffaello Cervigni offers us a way to think about land use change and biodiversity loss in managed ecosystems. His very constructive and practical contribution to the economics of biodiversity loss is a step forward from the obsession with species preservation in biodiversity hotspots. It is well worth reading.' -- Charles Perrings, University of York, UK'No-one combines the practical experience with analytical expertise in biodiversity conservation better than Raffaello Cervigni. He has worked at so many levels on this problem - local, national, and global. This volume demonstrates the manner in which real world experience can inform the better understanding of biodiversity problem solving. I consider it essential reading for all academics and policymakers interested in the economic nature of the solution to this problem.' -- Timothy M. Swanson, University College London, UK'The book proposes an original analysis of key aspects of the biodiversity debate and puts the major Mexican case study in context. It deals with some issues that have not been treated well analytically in the general literature, including incremental cost, land use gradients etc. The end result is that the story is a complex one, but we should not be too surprised that complex issues don't have simple answers. There are very few studies that are so thorough or well researched, so it is going to repay careful reading.' -- David Pearce, University College London, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: Introduction 1. Biodiversity Conservation and Loss: The Background Part II: Theoretical Issues 2. Land Use Change, Biodiversity Loss, and Economic Analysis 3. Financing Conservation: Theoretical Aspects Part III: Biodiversity Loss and Conservation in Practice: A Case Study in Mexico 4. The Area: Sierra de Santa Marta, Veracruz, Mexico 5. The Process of Land Use Change: Modelling Farm Behaviour 6. Land Use Changes: Model Predictions and Policy Design References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisBiological invasions - the introduction of living organisms beyond their original range - are one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. They are a major threat to human health and a source of pests and pathogens in the world's farms, forests and fisheries.The growth of international trade and travel means that more species are being introduced to more places than ever before. This book represents the first concerted effort to understand the economic causes and consequences of biological invasions. The volume discusses the theoretical and methodological issues raised by invasion, including control strategies, modelling options, and a study of the economic, institutional and policy conditions that predispose countries to biological invasions. Also included are case studies of fisheries, agricultural systems, tropical forests and protected areas affected by invasive species in locations such as the Black Sea, Australia and Africa, and an evaluation of control programmes.The Economics of Biological Invasions provides an important first step towards codification of the advice needed to develop decision rules, tools and protocols for the effective management of invasive biological species.This volume will be a fascinating read for researchers, academics and students in ecology, economics and environmental science with an interest in the biodiversity problem. The book will also prove to be essential reading for policymakers responsible for health, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and the environment in both developed and developing countries.Trade Review'. . . anyone interested in biological invasions will learn from this book, and many readers may be inspired to further consideration of economic aspects of invasions.' -- Daniel Simberloff, Biodiversity and Conservation'An interesting book catering perhaps for a more specific audience. It does however provide a somewhat new view of the problems of the field of biological invasions and is worth the effort.' -- Ann Sundqvist, M2 Best Books'Once again, Charles Perrings and colleagues have broken new ground by applying economic and ecological analysis to the very real problem of biological invasions. This is path-breaking work in what promises to be a new sub-discipline within environmental economics.' -- David Pearce, University College London, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction Part I: Analysis 2. Economic Factors Affecting Vulnerability to Biological Invasions 3. Infectious Diseases as Invasives in Human Populations 4. Risk Reduction Strategies Against the ‘Explosive Invader’ 5. The Economics of an Invading Species 6. Weed Invasions of Australian Farming Systems Part II: Case Studies 7. An Introduced Disease in an Invasive Host 8. Invasive Species in Tropical Rain Forests 9. Economic Consequences of Alien Infestation of the Cape Floral Kingdom’s Fynbos Vegetation 10. The Impact of Invasive Species in African Lakes 11. Economic Evaluation in Classical Biological Control Part III: Conclusions 12. Conclusions Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIndustrial ecology is coming of age and this superb book brings together leading scholars to present a state-of-the-art overviews of the subject.Each part of the book comprehensively covers the following issues in a systematic style: the goals and achievements of industrial ecology and the history of the field methodology, covering the main approaches to analysis and assessment economics and industrial ecology industrial ecology at the national/regional leve industrial ecology at the sectoral/materials level applications and policy implications. The authors are all experts at the cutting edge of the field and the bibliography alone will prove useful as a comprehensive guide to the literature. This outstanding handbook will be an indispensable reference for students and scholars working in environmental management, industrial ecology and environmental and ecological studies.Trade Review'This book is, without a doubt, a seminal work on industrial ecology and has drawn together some of the best thinkers on the topic to share their views and experiences.' -- Eagle Bulletin'. . . academics, researchers, and practitioners with an interest in the subject will find this book useful as a "one-stop shop" for information relating to industrial ecology. . . it is certain that it will take pride of place on my bookshelf, among the other books relating to industrial ecology, and will be consulted regularly whenever I need to find information, a fact, reference, or whatever relating to industrial ecology.' -- Colin G. Francis, Journal of Industrial Ecology'The editors of this handbook have brought together 58 of the world's greatest environmental systems experts. These professionals have, in 46 specific topic headings, divided into six major sections, provided very insightful information and guidance as to what industrial ecology entails, how it can be implemented, and its benefits . . . a very valuable tool . . . This book provides essential information to mid- and top-level management that can enable industry to make more prudent business decisions regarding the manufacturing of its products.' -- Robert John Klancko, Environmental PracticeTable of ContentsPart 1 Context and history: industrial ecology - goals and definitions, Reid Lifset and Thomas E. Graedel; exploring the history of industrial metabolism, Marina Fischer-Kowalski; the recent history of industrial ecology, Suren Erkman; industrial ecology and cleaner production, Tim Jackson; on industrial ecosystems, Robert U. Ayres; industrial ecology - governance, laws and regulations, Braden R. Allenby; industrial ecology and industrial metabolism - use and misuse of metaphors, Allan Johansson. Part 2 Methodology: material flow analysis, Stefan Bringezu and Yuichi Moriguchi; substance flow analysis (SFA) methodology, Ester van der Voet; physical input-output accounting, Gunter Strassert; process analysis approach to industrial ecology, Urmila Diwekar and Mitchell Small; industrial ecology and life cycle assessment, Helias A. Udo de Haes; impact evaluation in industrial ecology, Bengt Steen. Part 3 Economics and industrial ecology: environmental accounting and material flow analysis, Peter Bartelmus; materials flow analysis (MFA) and economic modelling, Karin Ibenholt; exergy flows in the economy -efficiency and dematerialization, Robert U. Ayres; transmaterialization, Walter C. Labys; dematerialization and rematerialization as two recurring phenomena of industrial ecology, Sabder De Bruyn; optimal resource extraction, Matthias Ruth; industrial ecology and technology policy - Japanese experience, Chihiro Watanabe. Part 4 Industrial ecology at the national/regional level: global biogeochemical cycles, Vaclav Smil; material flow accounts - the United States and the world, Donald G. Rogich and Grecia R. Matos; industrial ecology -analyses for sustainable resource and materials management in Germany and Europe, Stefan Bringezu; material flow analysis and industrial ecology studies in Japan, Yuichi Moriguchi; industrial ecology - an Australian case study, Andria Durney; industrial ecology - United Kingdom, Heinz Schandl and Niels Schulz; industrial symbiosis - the legacy of Kalundborg, John R. Ehrenfeld and Marian R. Chertow. Part 5 Industrial ecology at the sectoral/materials level: material flows due to mining and urbanization, Ian Douglas and Nigel Lawson; long term world metal use - application of industrial ecology in a system-dynamics model, Detlef P. van Vuuren et al; risks of metal flows and accumulation, Jeroen B. Guinee and Ester van der Voet; material constraints on technology evolution - the case of scarce metals and emerging energy technologies, Bjorn A. Andersson and Ingrid Rade; wastes as raw materials, David T. Allen; heavy metals in agrosystems, Simon W. Moolenaar; industrial ecology and automotive systems, Thomas E. Graedel et al; the information industry, Brande R. Allenby. Part 6 Applications and policy implications: industrial ecology and green design, Chris T. Hendrickson et al; industrial ecology and risk analysis, Paul R. Kleindorfer; industrial ecology and spatial planning, Clinton J. Andrews; industrial estates as model eco

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis important text develops an institutional response to the core issues raised in public policy making and develops a distinct understanding of the role of institutions, not least in the study of environmental problems. It questions: how are conflicting interests shaped and taken into account in policy making? How should they be accounted for? What motivates the behaviour of firms and individuals, and how is it possible to change these motivations to produce the favoured common outcomes?The author addresses these questions by integrating elements from classical institutional economics, neoclassical economics, sociology and ecological economics. He argues that public policy in general, and environmental policy in particular, are best examined from an institutional perspective. In this way the author presents a distinct and consistent alternative to standard neoclassical economics for students and scholars who are interested in an institutional understanding of environmental policy making. The book is written in a clear and accessible style with boxes and figures to help explain the issues and, as such, would be an ideal alternative or supplement to the standard environmental economics texts.Trade Review'Vatn has prepared a vast feast for his readers. Hopefully, this book will become one of the core textbooks both in institutional economics and in resource economics. As a political scientist, I can recommend it to social scientists more generally. I must confess, I enjoyed it all.' -- Elinor Ostrom, 2009 Nobel Laureate, Land Economics'Institutions and the Environment indeed serves as a first-rate starting point for students and researchers regardless of whether they are mainly interested in institutions in general or environmental governance and ecological economics in particular.' -- Charlotta Soderberg, Environmental Politics -- Jack Reardon, Journal of Economic Issues'Vatn's book addresses the urgent question of environmental policy and shows that an understanding of the role of institutions is vital in this area. It incorporates insights on institutions from both mainstream and heterodox traditions of thought. Magisterial and comprehensive, it is both a textbook and an inspiring, pioneering monograph.' -- Geoffrey M. Hodgson, University of Hertfordshire, UKTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Institutions: The Web of Human Life Part I: Understanding Institutions 2. Institutions: The Individual and the Society 3. Institutions: Coordination and Conflict 4. Institutional Economics: Different Positions Part II: From Institutions to Action 5. Rationality 6. Preferences and Values Part III: From Action to Institutions 7. Explaining Institutional Change 8. Evaluating Institutional Change: The Normative Aspect of Institutions Part IV: Institutions, Environment and Policy 9. The Environment 10. Resource Regimes 11. Valuing the Environment 12. Comparing Value Articulating Institutions 13. Policy and Policy Measures 14. Policies for a Sustainable Future References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTropical islands are fragile, vulnerable environments and yet they are coming under increasing strain due to coastal developments and global environmental change. As a result of their remote location, small size and limited natural resource endowments, tourism has become an important economic activity, leading to emerging conflicts between the interests of developers, tourists and residents.Whilst much has been written about tourism-related development in tropical islands from a socio-cultural and economic point of view, the political ecology of environmental change has received surprisingly little attention. Political ecology is a powerful tool with which to investigate the role and interests of different actors in the process of environmental change, and this highly original volume represents a first ever study of tourism and tropical island development employing this novel but effective approach. Central to the argument is the belief that environmental problems cannot properly be understood without considering their economic and political context. The political ecology focus allows the authors to compare a wide range of tropical islands and to identify more sustainable development paths. They are also able to analyse the role of the various actors involved in the tourism development versus environmental change debate such as the state, international organizations, the tourism industry, local communities and non-governmental organizations.The continued growth of tourism will undoubtedly cause greater environmental problems. This book makes a major contribution toward understanding and solving these conflicts, particularly in those islands where the problems are most pressing. It will be required reading for students, researchers and academics of tourism, service management, geography, environmental studies, human ecology and economic development.Trade Review'. . . the book deserves to be widely read. The book offers something for everybody from practitioner to undergraduate student to "serious" academic. I aim to encourage particularly the latter to read the book, if only for the truly exceptional contributions by Gossling and Patterson and Rodriguez.' -- Daniela Schilcher, Journal of Sustainable Tourism'Gossling's volume is a welcome contribution to island literature and the broader body of work on tourism. This book is recommended for both personal and institutional libraries of governments, academics, and practitioners concerned with tourism development in island environments.' -- Lee Jolliffe, Annals of Tourism Research'The Tropics. Islands. Tourism. These are the troika of landscapes and processes which have perhaps been most heavily hyped and themed by contemporary discourse as segregated sites of (con)sensual pleasure. Such narratives camouflage the nature of these pseudo-ideal sites as contested spaces; and alienate publics from a critical discussion of the ever-central relationship between land, profit and power. Tourism and Development in Tropical Islands adopts a challenging 'political ecology' approach to expose and trace the history of these 'warm water' island narratives and how they manufacture very particular and partial images of nature, society and development. It unabashedly asks Who Gains? Who Loses? from a particular tourism policy, plan, project and/or 'product'. The book proposes to replace unidirectional discourse with bidirectional dialogue as the vehicle for sustainable development. It is a useful and timely addition to the burgeoning literature on 'island studies', inviting readers to consider a clutch of insightful case studies - or 'Tales of Conflict' - along with a penetrating analytical synthesis.' -- Godfrey Baldacchino, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada'This is a welcome addition to the literature on island tourism. It is the first sustained cross-national attempt to apply the political ecology perspective across a global sample of inter-tropical coastal settings. This conceptual framework focuses on the interaction between various tourism stakeholders - national and international, public and private - to explain the process of environmental change in island resort areas. The volume contains an unusual diversity of case studies, rich and informative in their own right. It will provide valuable reading for both tourism academics and professionals and spawn further research along the same lines.' -- Jerome L. McElroy, Saint Mary's College, Indiana, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Tourism and Development in Tropical Islands: Political Ecology Perspectives 2. The Political Ecology of Tourism in the Cayman Islands 3. The Political Ecology of Tourism in the Commonwealth of Dominica 4. Tourism Policy and Planning in St Lucia 5. The Political Ecology of Marine Protected Areas: The Case of the Bay Islands 6. Native Tourism, Natural Forests and Local Incomes on Ilha Grande, Brazil 7. The Political Ecology of Tourism in Zanzibar 8. ‘High-value Conservation Tourism’: Integrated Tourism Development in the Seychelles? 9. Human Resources Development for Tourism in a Peripherial Island: Hainan, China 10. Community-oriented Marine Tourism in the Philippines: Role in Economic Development and Conservation 11. Tourism Development and the Coastal Environment on Bintan Island Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTechnological change plays a crucial role in realizing energy efficiency improvements and, therefore, in ameliorating the conflict between economic growth and environmental quality. However, the diffusion of new technologies can prove a costly and lengthy process, meaning that many firms do not invest in best-practice technologies. The author offers important new explanations for this energy-efficiency paradox. This volume contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between economic growth, energy use and technological change, with particular emphasis on the adoption and diffusion of energy-saving technologies. In the theoretical section, the author examines how several characteristics of technological change and environmental policy affect the dynamics of technology choice. He demonstrates how technological complementarity, learning processes and uncertainty can help explain why the innovation and diffusion of new technologies is such a protracted and complex procedure. The empirical section explores long-run trends in energy and labour productivity performance, as well as patterns of substitutability and technological change across a range of OECD countries. The book concludes by integrating the results in an applied policy model of economy-energy interaction. This book is unique in applying insights from different perspectives to the field of energy economics, and by focusing on the diffusion of energy-saving technologies rather than their innovation. It will be of immense value to academics and policymakers with an interest in energy economics, environmental economics and the interaction between economic growth and natural resources.Trade Review'This book is a path-breaking work. It is unique in the economic growth literature for its incorporation of diffusion theory into an economic growth model. In constructing the model, the author has drawn on both neo-classical and evolutionary growth theory. He uses the model to address the energy-efficiency paradox - why are efficient energy technologies often adopted so slowly? A significant, and counterintuitive, finding is that subsidies designed to speed-up the adoption of energy saving technologies in the short run may have an adverse effect in the longer run, due to the premature adoption of inferior technologies. Therefore, an important policy implication is that increased subsidies for energy saving technologies can be counterproductive.' -- Vernon W. Ruttan, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, US'Energy and environmental policy discussions increasingly focus on issues related to technological change. In this new book, Peter Mulder recognizes that technological change will play an absolutely central role in achieving increases in energy efficiency, thereby mitigating what might otherwise be unacceptable trade-offs between economic growth and environmental quality. He focuses on the role of uncertainty, which is central to investment, in order to investigate how microeconomic decisions give rise to macroeconomic patterns. In a broad-ranging study, he builds upon key developments in the economic theory of technological change to develop his theoretical model and empirical analysis.' -- Robert N. Stavins, Harvard University, USTable of ContentsContents: Part I: Introduction 1. Technological Change, Economic Growth and Energy Use 2. Economic Theory of Growth and Technological Change: A Neoclassical Versus an Evolutionary Perspective Part II: Theoretical Models 3. Explaining Slow Diffusion of Energy-Saving Technologies: Returns-to-Diversity and Learning-by-Using in a Vintage Model 4. Subsidizing the Adoption of Energy-Saving Technologies Part III: Empirical Analyses 5. International Comparisons of Sectoral Energy and Labour Productivity: Stylized Facts and Decomposition of Trends 6. Sectoral Energy and Labour Productivity Convergence Part IV: Policy Analyses and Conclusions 7. Dynamics of Technology Diffusion in an Applied Energy–Economic Model for the Netherlands 8. Conclusions References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisFollowing a comprehensive overview by the editors, this volume's expert contributors provide detailed discussion of important legal, ecological and social issues associated with coastal resource management, as well as the most significant challenges confronting land use planners and resource managers in coastal communities. Using an interdisciplinary approach to perplexing questions surrounding the issue of development versus protection, the volume presents a broad approach to coastal issues involving private rights and public trust.Part I: The Law and Coastal Environments provides background information on the more recent federal and state lawsuits, statutes and regulations that impact coastal environments. In Part II: Ecological Consequences for Coastal Development, scientists discuss threats posed by elevated nitrogen levels and heavy metal contamination in coastal waters, followed by descriptions of the impact of development on habitats essential to estuarine-dependent fish and migratory shorebirds. In Part III: Private Use, Public Trust and Coastal Protection the authors explore ways to balance private use of the coast with public rights of access and preservation. They discuss the concept of stewardship by both public and private landowners, factors affecting environmental values in coastal communities, and facilitation of enlightened public policies for growth management and resource protection. Appropriate for courses pertaining to coastal ecology, coastal management or land-use planning, this book will also appeal to a diverse audience of economists, concerned citizens, environmental lawyers and policymakers.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. America's Changing Coasts: An Overview 2. Coastal Values and a Sense of Place Part I: The Law and Coastal Environments 3. Regulating Versus Buying the Coast 4. Does Shoreline Armoring Violate the Clean Water Act? Rolling Easements, Shoreline Planning and Other Responses to Sea Level Rise 5. Just Who is Taking Whom? The Reciprocity Concept and the Palazzolo Case 6. Regulatory Takings Post-Palazzolo: Applying Supreme Court Jurisprudence from the Practical Perspective Part II: Ecological Consequences for Coastal Development 7. Too Many Neighbours! Nitrogen in the Coastal Zone 8. Once Spilled, Still Found: Metal Contamination in Connecticut Coastal Wetlands and Long Island Sound Sediment from Historic Industries 9. The Essentials on Estuarine Fish Habitat, its Evaluation and Protection by Federal Fisheries Law 10. Strategic Coastal Bird Migration Staging Sites: An International Conservation Challenge Part III: Private Use, Public Trust and Coastal Protection 11. Public Access to the Shore: Public Rights and Private Property 12. Ionian Enchantment by the Sea: A Stewardship System for Long Island Sound 13. Changing Community Preferences for Coastal Zone Development and Conservation: Implications of Population Growth for Natural Resource Values 14. A Policy Simulation Laboratory for Economic Science and Policy Analysis Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is the first attempt to systematically introduce the aspect of time into economic and environmental innovation policy. The authors demonstrate how 'windows of opportunity' for technological innovations emerge and also explain how they can be identified and effectively exploited. Technological innovations are widely considered as an opportunity to realise a double dividend - protect the environment and increase profits by introducing a more sustainable technology. However, intervention by the state is often needed to overcome the competitive disadvantage caused by externalities, path dependency and lock-in. The authors provide extensive evidence that this resistance to technological change is subject to substantial temporal variation. They argue that it is economically and politically sensible to identify periods of time in which resistance is weakest and to exploit these 'windows of opportunity' whenever and wherever they occur. They also highlight how time strategies for innovation policy can involve the preparation and creation of 'windows' which do not yet exist. Throughout the book, they use an array of varied and interesting case studies to confirm and illustrate their theoretical findings. These address issues such as CFC phase-out, the lean-burn engine versus the catalytic converter, ecological alternatives to chemical pesticides and the zero emission vehicle mandate in California. By exploring the relationship between time strategies and technological change, this book will undoubtedly lead to a more efficient and sustainable innovation policy. It will be required reading for academics, researchers and policymakers working in the fields of environmental innovation, sustainability, technology policy and political science.Trade Review‘Time Strategies, Innovation and Environmental Policy is a straightforward book presenting an articulate view of the social institutions' behaviour toward environmental problems. The theoretical perspective is clearly articulated and the case studies well described. While is should be considered a very technical book, it may be suggested as an interesting read for economists interested in evolutionary economics, but also for political scientists looking for an innovative view of economic relations and the socio-political sphere.' -- Chiara Certoma, Environmental Politics'I found this book interesting and enlightening; not only because it is refreshing change to traditional environmental economic literature but also because it is a very different approach to the diffusion of innovation frameworks that I have used in my own business-based research. . . This book should appeal to students of history, policymakers and environmental entrepreneurs. Given the major environmental decisions that are needed to counter climate change, this book provides valuable insights into factors affecting the possible acceptance or rejection of proposed policy changes. . . I found this book interesting and compelling reading. . . I liked the framework developed in this book as it covers many of the practical and common sense aspects of innovation successes.' -- Don Kerr, Australasian Journal of Environmental Management'The book is worthwhile reading for anyone interested in the history of technological competition that involves new environmentally improved technologies, as well as for students of environmental economics or innovation studies in general. The study provides accurate case studies of environmental problems and technology solutions, their success and failure.' -- Maider Saint-Jean, The Electronic Jounal of Evolutionary Modeling and Economic Dynamics'Timeliness is a particularly relevant issue in the field of innovation and diffusion research. This book originates from the observation that innovations are time critical and asks the question: when and how do windows of opportunity for new environmental technologies emerge and why do they disappear again? By analysing these windows of opportunity and possible time strategies for innovation policies, this book represents a highly topical contribution to a front line issue in environmental and innovation research. The theoretical framework is applied to well-investigated and highly informative case studies to produce an interesting, insightful and coherent volume.' -- Joseph Huber, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, GermanyTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Conceptual Framework 3. Phase-out of CFCs and the Protection of the Ozone Layer 4. Mercury-based Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis – Retro-fitting and Phase-out as Strategic Alternatives 5. Policy, Time and Technological Competition: Lean-Burn Engine versus Catalytic Converter in Japan and Europe 6. Crystalline and Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cells – Competition or Lock-in? 7. LUBILOSA – An Ecological Alternative to Chemical Pesticides 8. Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate in California: Misguided Policy or Example of Enlightened Leadership? 9. Stationary Fuel Cells and the Decentralised Cogeneration of Power and Heat 10. The Influence of (Un)Certainty on the Effectiveness of Political Regulation – The Case of EDTA 11. Combined-Cycle Gas Turbines – Between Climate Protection and Other Policy Objectives 12. Technological Competition, Time and Time Windows – The Case of Iron and Steel Production Technologies 13. Techno-Political Competition and Lock-in: The Case of Nuclear Power Technologies 14. VHS versus Beta – The Case of VHS as a De Facto Standard in Video Recording 15. Conclusions – A Time-Strategic Ecological Innovation Policy Index

Read more less