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Book SynopsisThe Oriental Institute initiated the first two excavation seasons based at Tell Atchana, ancient Alalakh, in the Amuq Valley, east of Antakya, Turkey with a team from the University of Chicago under the directorship of Prof. Kutlu Aslihan Yener.The Oriental Institute initiated the first two excavation seasons based at Tell Atchana, ancient Alalakh, in the Amuq Valley, east of Antakya, Turkey with a team from the University of Chicago under the directorship of Prof. Kutlu Aslihan Yener. The Tell Atchana/Alalakh Excavations are presently under the auspices of the Turkish Ministry of Culture. Institutional support is provided by Koc University in Istanbul with the continuing collaboration of the Antakya Mustafa Kemal University. This volume with specialist reports presents the first two seasons (2003-2004) of the new round of ongoing excavations at the site after a pause of 54 years. Archaeological and textual evidence from the earlier 1930-1940’s excavations has defined this important site as the regional capital (Alalakh) of a small territorial state, Mukiš, which existed during the 2nd millennium BC. Deposits from the Late Bronze Age occupations were identified above an extensive Middle Bronze Age settlement with evidence of site-wide destruction and reorganization of the settlement at the turn of the 13th-14th centuries BC. The publication of the 2003-2004 results represents the first volume in a monograph series of the team’s continued systematic work at the site. Subsequent volumes will specifically target the Late Bronze Age levels and the Middle Bronze Age city. A separate volume on ceramics will present the relative sequences, technical analyses, and experimental procedures on pottery. Earlier references pertaining to Leonard Woolley’s operations, the excavation results and ongoing interpretations of these materials prior to the team’s new excavations are listed in the bibliography. Further references for the 2003-2004 seasons can be found in the bibliography and on the project website www.alalakh.org.Table of ContentsList of FiguresList of TablesPrefaceAcknowledgmentsTeam MembersBibliographyCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION / Kutlu Aslihan YenerINTRODUCTIONREGIONAL HISTORYHISTORY OF RESEARCHRESEARCH DESIGN AT ALALAKHTHE 2003-2004 EXCAVATIONSCHAPTER 2: EXCAVATION RESULTS / Kutlu Aslihan Yener, G. Bike YaziciogluAREA 1Phase 2: FortressPhase 1: Mixed Cultural Fill and Modern DepositionAREA 2Phase 2: Habitation QuartersBuilding AAlley or CorridorOutdoor Activity AreaBuilding BStreetBuilding CPhase 1: Craft Quarters and Architectural RemainsPhase 1b Craft QuartersPhase 1a Craft QuartersPhase 1 Architectural StructuresPhase 1 StreetPhase 1a Stone Enclosure WallSurface FindsAREA 3Phase 4: Middle Bronze Age City WallPhase 3: Step Trench NecropolisPhase 2: Kitchen/WorkshopPhase 1: Latest LBA Necropolis Burials and Plastered TombPhase 1a/1b: Stone Enclosure Wall and Installation 3Surface FindsCOMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe ArchitectureENCLOSURE WALLTHE GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE CRAFT QUARTERS (PHASES 1A AND 1B)Stratigraphic and Chronological ImlicationsCHAPTER 3: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALALAKH 2003-2004 SEASON POTTERY WITH WOOLLEY'SLEVELS / Robert A. MullinsSTRATIGRAPHY AND POTTERYTHE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE (AREA 3: PHASES 2-4)Phase 4 (Area 3): The City Wall (Woolley's Levels VII)Phase 3 (Area 3): The MBIIC Burials (Woolley's Levels VII-VI)Bowls (B)Closed Pots (T)Juglets (J)Bottles (E)Discussion of the MB BurialsPhase 2 (Area 3): Kitchen/Workshop (Locus 03-3005)Bowls (B)Goblets and Beakers (G)Kraters (K)Jars (R)Juglets (J)Bottles (E)Discussion of the Kitchen/Workshop Assemblage (Woolley's Level VI)TRANSITION FROM MIDDLE BRONZE TO LATE BRONZE (WOOLLEY'S LEVELS VI-V)THE LATE BRONZE AGE (AREAS 2-3: PHASES 1-2)Phase 1 (Area 3): The Plastered TombPhase 2 (Area 2): Buildings A, B and C (The Dating of Woolley's Level I Houses)Phase 2 (Area 2) : The Pottery From Buildings A, B and CPlates (P)Bowls (B)Goblets and Beakers (G)Kraters (K)Colanders (O)Closed pots (T)Stands (Y)Phase 1 (Area2): Craft QuartersThe Phase 1 Pottery in Area 2Jugs (N)Vases (V)Discussion of Late Bronze Age Speciality WaresCONCLUSION AND SUMMARYWoolley's Level VII (17th Century BC)Woolley's Level VIA (16th Century BC)Woolley's Level VIB (16th Century BC)Woolley's Level V (Early 15th Century BC)Woolley's Level IV (MID-15th Century Through the 14th Century)CHAPTER 4: CYPRIOT POTTERY / Ekin KozalWARESRed-on-Black/Red-on-RedBlack Lustrous Wheel-MadeWhite SlipMonochromeBase-Ring IBase-Ring IIRed Lustrous Wheel-Made WareWhite Lustrous Wheel-Made WareWhite Shaved WareWhite Slip IICONTEXTSArea 1 (Squares 32.52, 32.53, 32.63)Area 2 Northwestern Sector (Squares 44.45, 44.46, 44.54, 44.55)Area 2 Southeastern Sector (Squares 44.68, 44.69, 44.79, 44.80)Area 3 (Squares 45.62, 45.71, 45.72)CONCLUSIONSCATALOGUECHAPTER 5: MYCENAEAN POTTERY / Robert B. KoehlINTRODUCTIONCATALOGUEDISCUSSIONCHAPTER 6: EPIGRAPHIC REPORT / Jacob LauingerAO3-R1001+A03-R1139DescriptionDatingA03-R1002DescriptionDatingA03-R1112DescriptionDatingA03-R1600DescriptionDatingA03-R1326DescriptionDatingCHAPTER 7: REPORT ON THE SEALS AND SEALINGS FOUND AT TELL ATCHANA DURING THE 2003 SEASON OFEXCAVATION / Dominique CollonSUMMARY OF THE RESULTSEARL STAMP SEALSUNCLASSIFIED SEALSMIDDLE BRONZE AGE GLYPTICLATE BRONZE AGE GLYPTICCHAPTER 8 : SMALL FINDS / Kutlu Aslihan YenerINTRODUCTIONTERRACOTTAS AND OTHER CLAY OBJECTSBONE, ANTLER, AND IVORYSTONE OBJECTSMETAL TOOLS AND WEAPONSWeaponsToolsPERSONAL ORNAMENTS: PINS, JEWELRY, AND BEADSGLASS AND FAIENCECHAPTER 9: BURIALS / Alexis T. BoutinARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTSOSTEOLOGICAL METHODSSUBADULT HEALTH AND BEHAVIORADULT HEALTH AND BEHAVIORTHE PLASTERED TOMBDISCUSSIONCHAPTER 10: FLOURISHING AGRICULTURE IN TIMES OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY: THE ARCHAEOBOTANICAL AND ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FROM TELL ATCHANA / Simone RiehlINTRODUCTIONThe Late Bronze Age EnvironmentThe Political BackgroundMETHODSRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTaphonomic IssuesThe Crop AssemblageEnvironmental AspectsAgro-Production At Late Bronze Age AlalakhCONCLUSIONSCHAPTER 11: ANTHRACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON CHARCOAL SAMPLES FROM ATCHANA / Katleen DeckersCHAPTER 12: FAUNAL REMAINS FROM THE 2003-2004 EXCAVATIONS AT TELL ATCHANA / Canan Çakirlar, Stine RosselINTRODUCTIONTHE MATERIALTHE DATADISCUSSIONCHAPTER 13: METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS OF CLOTHING PINS FROM THE 2004 SEASON / Stephanie SeloverINTRODUCTIONMETHODOLOGY AND SAMPLING PROCEDURESRESULTSDISCUSSION OF THE DATACONCLUSIONSCHAPTER 14: TEMPLE DEEP SOUNDING INVESTIGATIONS 2001-2006 / Stephen Batiuk, Mara HorowitzEXCAVATIONS OF THE EARLY LEVELS AT TELL ATCHANAThe 2001 Section CleaningSection 1Section 2Ceramics from the 2001 SectionsInvestigations on the Early Levels of Tell AtchanaConclusionAPPENDIX B: 2003-2004 SMALL FINDS CATALOGUE / K. Aslihan Yener, G. Bike YaziciogluPOTTERYTERRACOTTAS AND OTHER CLAY OBJECTSBONE, ANTLER, AND IVORYSTONE OBJECTSMETAL TOOLS AND WEAPONSPERSONAL ORNAMENTS: PINS, JEWELRY, AND BEADS

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