African history Books

Book SynopsisA highly original treatment of significant topics in African Studies and beyond: violence, colonialism, landscape, memory and religion. Suffering, the experience of violation brought on by an act of violence or violent circumstances, is omnipresent in today's world - if only indirectly through global media representation. Despite this apparent immediacy, understanding how a person makes sense of his or her suffering tends to be fragmentary and often elusive. This book examines this key question through the lens of rural Zimbabwe and a frontier area on the border with Mozambique. It shows how African women, men, and children fashioned their life-worlds in the face of conflict. Historian Heike Schmidt challenges the apparently inseparable twin pairing of Africa and suffering. Even in situations of great distress, she argues, individuals and groups may articulate their social desires and political ambitions, and reforge their identities - as long as the experience of violence is not one of sheer terror. She emphasizes the crucial role women, chiefs, and youths played in the renegotiation of a sense of belonging during different periods of time. Based on sustained fieldwork, Colonialism and Violence offers a compelling history of suffering in a smallvalley in Zimbabwe over the course of 150 years. Heike Schmidt is Lecturer in Modern History, University of Reading.Trade ReviewAn admirable collection of accounts of the history of conflict and suffering that have been an almost constant feature of life for the Valley's inhabitants as long as anyone can remember. * INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS *Table of ContentsIntroduction Living on the Frontier: Opportunity and Danger Imagining Foreign Lands: Landscapes of Violence The Frontier Society Under Threat: Politicization and Militancy War Rages Hot: Insurgency and Counter-insurgency After Violence: Healing the Wounds of War Epilogue: Violence That Does Not Haunt

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Book SynopsisExplores how the conception of Africa and its history has changed over time and narrates the story of this vast continent over the past 10,000 years. Africa is a huge continent, as large as the more habitable areas of Europe and Asia put together. It has a history immensely long, yet the study of that history as an academic discipline in its own right is little more than fiftyyears old. Since then the subject has grown enormously, but the question of what this history is and how it has been approached still needs to be asked, not least to answer the question of why should we study it. This book takes as its subject the last 10,000 years of African history, and traces the way in which human society on the continent has evolved from communities of hunters and gatherers to the complex populations of today. Approaching that history through its various dimensions: archaeological, ethnographic, written, scriptural, European and contemporary, it looks at how the history of such a vast region over such a length of time has been conceived and presented, and how it is to be investigated. The problem itself is historical, and an integral part of the history with which it is concerned, beginning with the changing awareness over the centuries of what Africa might be. MichaelBrett thus traces the history of Africa not only on the ground, but also in the mind, in order to make his own historical contribution to the debate. Michael Brett is Emeritus Reader in the History of North Africa at SOAS.Trade ReviewA monumental undertaking [that] adds valuable perspective to our understanding of African history as a whole. * HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY *A very readable narrative [that] perfectly fulfils what it promises. * THE MAGHREB REVIEW *I recommend it strongly not only to all those who are just beginning to come to grips with the depth, beauty, and complexity of African history, but also to the more specialized scholars who might want to broaden their perspective on their home field of African history. * INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *A major study.lucid and very accessible. * TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT *Table of ContentsPART I The Problem of African History The Problem of Definition Solving the Problem: the Search for Information Solving the Problem: the Writing of African History PART II The Making of African Society A: The Archaeological Dimension From Hunting and Gathering to Herding and Farming From Herding and Farming to Cities and States The Peopling of the South B: The Ethnographic Dimension Men and Women From Kinship to Kingship The Mind of Africa The Empires of the South PART III Africa in the World C: The Written Dimension Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern Ancient Egypt and Nubia The World of Greece and Rome Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers D: The Scriptural Dimension Christianity and the World of Late Antiquity The Arabs and Islam Islam, the Sahara and the Land of the Blacks Islam and Christianity in the East Ibn Battuta and Ibn Khaldun PART IV The Unification of Africa E: The European Dimension The Age of Empire An Islamic Africa Between the Americas and the Indies F: The European Invasion A History in Change After Napoleon The Reconfiguration of Africa The Reorganisation of Africa The Reaction of Africa PART V The Arrival of African History G:The Present Dimension The Resurgence of Africa Africa in Contemporary History The Approach to African History

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Book SynopsisExplores various aspects of chiefly authority in South Sudan from its historical origins and evolution under colonial, postcolonial and military rule, to its current roles and value in the newly independent country. South Sudan became Africa's newest nation in 2011, following decades of armed conflict. Chiefs - or 'traditional authorities' - became a particular focus of attention during the international relief effort and post-war reconstruction and state-building. But 'traditional' authority in South Sudan has been much misunderstood. Institutions of chiefship were created during the colonial period but originated out of a much longer process of dealing with predatory external forces. This book addresses a significant paradox in African studies more widely: if chiefs were the product of colonial states, why have they survived or revived in recent decades? By examining the long-term history ofchiefship in the vicinity of three towns, the book also argues for a new approach to the history of towns in South Sudan. Towns have previously been analysed as the loci of alien state power, yet the book demonstrates that thesegovernment centres formed an expanding urban frontier, on which people actively sought knowledge and resources of the state. Chiefs mediated relations on and across this frontier, and in the process chiefship became central to constituting both the state and local communities. Cherry Leonardi is Senior Lecturer in African History at Durham University, a former course director of the Rift Valley Institute's Sudan course, and a member of the council of the British Institute in Eastern Africa Published in association with the British Institute in Eastern Africa.Trade ReviewWell written and intellectually engaging, this book is a significant and timely piece of scholarship and a must-read for all scholars with an interest in any element of socio-political life in either of the Sudanese states, or even state formation in eastern or central Africa more widely. * AUSTRALASIAN REVIEW OF AFRICAN STUDIES *This highly readable and engaging book offers new insights into southern Sudanese experiences. * COMMONWEALTH AND COMPARATIVE POLITICS *[A] masterful book. * GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA *This highly informed and informative volume is a great addition to the literature on state-society relations in South Sudan. ... Likely to become a measuring stick for future anthropological works on South and should also be of interest to scholars of state-society relations and traditional authorities in other parts of Africa. * JOURNAL OF MODERN AFRICAN STUDIES *The first thorough study that has been done on the institution of chiefships in South Sudan. [Leonardi] has laid a firm foundation for the further study of this topic by other scholars. ... This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, researchers, policy makers, civil societies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). * INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *[Employs] a well-considered multi-disciplinary approach in tackling this lively issue and, as such, it would be of interest to students and scholars of African studies and particularly to those in the fields of anthropology, political science, history, law and economics. * SUDAN STUDIES *Leonardi's book will for a long time be central to any deeper understanding of political structures in the newest African country. . . . This is an important book which should be read widely among all those concerned with African history and politics, not just Sudan specialists. * AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW *[Leonardi] combines an impressive mastery of the scholarship on South Sudan and Sudan, with very thorough archival research and fieldwork. At the same time, she brings to bear wide reading in related literatures, to connect the issues that she documents with broader scholarly debates. ... a quite original contribution to the study of politics and the state in modern Africa. -- Professor Charles Ambler, University of Texas at El PasoTable of ContentsIntroduction: the making of chiefship, state and community in South Sudan - PART I: From zariba to merkaz: the creation of the nodal state frontier, c. 1840-1920 Frontier societies and the political economy of knowledge in the nineteenth century Colonial frontiers and the emergence of government chiefs, c. 1900-20 - PART II: From makama to mejlis: the making of chiefship and the local state, 1920s-50s Constituting the urban frontier: chiefship and the colonial labour economy, 1920s-40s Claiming rights and guarantees: chiefs' courts and state justice, c. 1900-56 Containing the frontier: the tensions of territorial chiefdoms, 1930s-50s Uncertainty on the urban frontier: chiefs and the politics of Sudanese independence, 1946-58 - PART III: From malakiya to medina: the fluctuating expansion of the urban frontier, c. 1956-2010 Trading knowledge: chiefship, local elites and the urban frontier, c. 1956-2010 Regulating depredation: chiefs and the military, 1963-2005 Reprising 'tradition': the mutual production of community and state in the twenty-first century Knowing the system: judicial pluralism and discursive legalism in the interim period, 2005-10 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisExamines Eritrea's deprivation of human rights since independence and its transformation into a militarised "garrison state". When Eritrea gained independence in 1991, hopes were high for its transformation. In two decades, however, it became one of the most repressive in the world, effectively a militarised "garrison state". This comprehensive and detailed analysis examines how the prospects for democracy in the new state turned to ashes, reviewing its development, and in particular the loss of human rights and the state's political organisation. Beginning with judicial development in independent Eritrea, subsequent chapters scrutinise the rule of law and the court system; the hobbled process of democratisation, and the curtailment of civil society; the Eritrean prison system and everyday life of detention and disappearances; and the situation of minorities in the country, first in general terms and then through exploration of a case study of the Kunama ethnic group. While the situation is bleak, it is not without hope, however:the conclusion focuses on opposition to the current regime, and offers scenarios of regime change and how the coming of a second republic may yet reconfigure Eritrea politically. Kjetil Tronvoll is Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at Bjoerknes College, founding and senior partner of the International Law and Policy Institute, Oslo, and a former Professor of Human Rights at the University of Oslo; Daniel R. Mekonnen is Senior Legal Advisor, International Law and Policy Institute, Oslo, and former Judge of the Zoba Maekel Provincial Court in Eritrea.Trade Review2015 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title * . *The book will be well received by a wider readership, particularly among students of African regimes. . . . It will certainly stimulate and inform an ongoing debate on the national identity and constitutional future of Eritrea. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *This fantastically dense, thorough, rich, comprehensive tome breaks down Eritrean contemporary statehood and civil society in a way that should be copied as a model for modern political/national security case studies. Highly recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Eritrean African Garrison State Judicial development in independent Eritrea: Legal pluralism and political containment Rule of law(lessness) in Eritrea: The special court and the judiciary Democratic curtailment in Eritrea: 'Never democracy, always control!' Obliterating civil society in Eritrea: Denying freedom of organisation and expression The Eritrean Gulag archipelago: Prison conditions, torture and extrajudicial killings Everyday life of detention and disappearances in Eritrea: Vulnerable groups in a population under siege Minority marginalisation in Eritrea: EPLF's politics of cultural superiority Diversity diminished in Eritrea: Targeting the Kunama minority group The militarisation of Eritrean society: Omnipresent and neverending military service Eritrea? Towards a transition?

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Book SynopsisA deeply felt and engaging personal account of Zimbabwe's political awakening by one of its best-known historians. I did not set out for Rhodesia as a radical' writes Terence Ranger. This memoir of the years between 1957, when he first went to Southern Rhodesia, and 1967 when he published his first book, is both an intimate record of the African awakening which Ranger witnessed during those ten years, and of the process which led him to write Revolt in Southern Rhodesia. Intended as both history and as historiography, Writing Revolt is also about the ways in which politics and history interacted. The men with whom Ranger discussed Zimbabwean history were the leaders of African nationalism; his seminar papers were sent to prisons and into restricted areas. Both they and he were making political as well as intellectual discoveries. The book also includes a brief account of Ranger's life before he went to Africa. TERENCE RANGER was Emeritus Rhodes Professor of Race Relations, University of Oxfordand author of many books including Are we not also Men? (1995), Voices from the Rocks (1999) and Bulawayo Burning (2010), and co-editor of Violence and Memory (2000). Zimbabwe & Southern Africa (South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Namibia): Weaver PressTrade ReviewAn immensely readable account of Ranger's political career. * JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORY *A tribute to the years of social consciousness enacted; to the relationships with nationalists and nationalism made and sustained; and to a perceptive mind which has documented and interpreted southern Africa and its politics for generations trapped in their preconceptions. * AFRICAN ARGUMENTS *[An] absorbing work. * COMMONWEALTH JOURNALISTS ASSOCIATION *A remarkable work and one I would urge anyone with an interest in this period to read. * NEW LEFT PROJECT *A profoundly personal yet pulsating new book. * ZIMBABWE REVIEW *Scholars interested in the behind-the-scenes making of and writing on African nationalism will find much to consider in this refreshingly personal narrative. * AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW *Table of ContentsPreface 1929-57 A Very Ordinary Boy 1957 The University College of Rhodesia & Nyasaland 1958 The Southern Rhodesia African National Congress 1959 The Central African Emergencies 1960 The National Democratic Party 1961 Citizens Against the Colour Bar 1962 The Zimbabwe African People's Union 1963 and afterwards: Deportation, the Nationalist Split, Dar es Salaam and Writing Revolt Appendix of Names Select References

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Book SynopsisAn historical overview of Ethiopia's transformation from a multicultural empire into a modern nation state. Provides the gist of one scholar's knowledge of this country acquired over several decades. The author of numerous works on Ethiopia, Markakis presents here an overarching, concise historical profile of a momentous effort to integrate a multicultural empire into a modern nation state. The concept of nation state formation provides the analytical framework within which this process unfolds and the changes of direction it takes under different regimes, as well as a standard for assessing its progress and shortcomings at each stage. Over a century old, the process is still far from completion and its ultimate success is far from certain. In the author's view, there are two major obstacles that need to be overcome, two frontiers that need to be crossed to reach the desired goal. The first is the monopoly of power inherited from the empire builders and zealously guarded ever since by a ruling class of Abyssinian origin. The descendants of the people subjugated by the empire builders remain excluded from power, a handicap that breeds political instability and violent conflict. The second frontier is the arid lowlands on the margins of the state, where the process of integration has not yet reached, and where resistance to it is greatest. Until this frontier is crossed, the Ethiopian state will not have the secure borders that a mature nation state requires. John Markakis is a political historian who has devoted a professional lifetime to the study of Ethiopia and its neighbours in the Horn of Africa. He has published several books and many articles on this area.Trade ReviewEssential reading. * GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA *A magisterial work that synthesizes a half-century's research. ... Historians, political scientists, social anthropologists, and policy makers will find this book enlightening and useful. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *Reflects Markakis's immense knowledge and passion for Ethiopia. . Readers will find much worth in this expansive and original study. * TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT, 21 February 2014 *Precisely because of the debates it will spark, it is vitally important that people who are engaged with Ethiopia, both Ethiopians and international aid workers, diplomats and others, read and discuss it. * INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS *Worthwhile reading and certainly one of the best explanations of the present situation in Ethiopia published so far. It is a must read for those interested in Ethiopia and, indeed, the Horn of Africa. * SOUTHWORLD *Essential reading for all who want to understand how the Ethiopian empire arrived at its present configuration. * LEEDS AFRICAN STUDIES BULLETIN *Table of ContentsIntroduction - Part I The Lowland Periphery High and Low Land: A Study in Contrast Afar & Somali Borana, South Omo, Gambella & Beni Shangul Gumuz - Part II Building the State: The Imperial Model Winning an Empire Building the Imperial State: 1916-1974 Imperial Rule in the Periphery - Part III Rebuilding the State: The Socialist Model The 1974 Revolution Building the Socialist State: 1974-1991 The Socialist State in the Periphery - PART IV Rebuilding the State: The Federal Model Building the Federal State: 1991-1995 Ruling the Federal State : 1995-2010 - Part V The Federal State in the Periphery The Highland Periphery & the Lowland Afar The Somali Borana, South Omo, Gambella & Beni Shangul Gumuz Conclusion

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Book SynopsisRe-envisages what we know about African political economies through its examination of one of the key questions in colonial and African history, that of commercial agriculture and its relationship to slavery. This book considers commercial agriculture in Africa in relation to the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the institution of slavery within Africa itself, from the beginnings of European maritime trade in the fifteenth century to theearly stages of colonial rule in the twentieth century. From the outset, the export of agricultural produce from Africa represented a potential alternative to the slave trade: although the predominant trend was to transport enslaved Africans to the Americas to cultivate crops, there was recurrent interest in the possibility of establishing plantations in Africa to produce such crops, or to purchase them from independent African producers. Thisidea gained greater currency in the context of the movement for the abolition of the slave trade from the late eighteenth century onwards, when the promotion of commercial agriculture in Africa was seen as a means of suppressing the slave trade. At the same time, the slave trade itself stimulated commercial agriculture in Africa, to supply provisions for slave-ships in the Middle Passage. Commercial agriculture was also linked to slavery within Africa, since slaves were widely employed there in agricultural production. Although Abolitionists hoped that production of export crops in Africa would be based on free labour, in practice it often employed enslaved labour, so that slaveryin Africa persisted into the colonial period. Robin Law is Emeritus Professor of African History, University of Stirling; Suzanne Schwarz is Professor of History, University of Worcester; Silke Strickrodt is Visiting Research Fellow at the Department of African Studies and Anthropology, University of Birmingham.Trade ReviewThe ideas put forward in this volume open a new set of research questions in African History and will inspire further comparative analyses across time and space. * HISTORIA AGRARIA *[T]his volume is the new and best gateway for students, non-Africanist historians, and specialists alike into the scholarly history of this subfield, its emergent (and enduring) debates, and state-of-the-art case studies that stimulate new theorizing. * INT'L JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *[These essays] add much information about the African economies from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, as well as provide new insights into the Atlantic Economy in these years. This is an important collection of first-rate essays. * EH.NET *'[Looks]... at one of the most perplexing questions in world history: as so many of the crops which were cultivated in the Americas by African slave labour were grown or could be grown in Africa, why were the costs and the horrors of the Middle Passage undertaken? ... It is a problematic that demands a serious discussion of what we know about African political economies in the last half of the last millennium AND a real command of the intentions and understandings of the 'merchants trading into Africa'...This will prove, at least I hope it will prove, to be a much-discussed book. It is a fine collection and it is a major collection.' - Professor Richard Rathbone, Emeritus Professor and Professorial Research Associate, * SOAS *'Though many books deal with the so-called transition in West Africa from slave trading to legitimate trade, none has such a valuable, direct focus on the role of commercial agriculture in the process. One learns an enormous amount about slavery, slave-trading, the Atlantic slave trade, and the movement to abolish slave trading and slavery from reading this book. This book is of critical importance to each of these topics or sub-fields.' - -- Professor Donald Wright, Distinguished Teaching Professor of History, State University of New YorkTable of ContentsIntroduction The slave trade and commercial agriculture in an African context - David Eltis São Tomé and Príncipe: The first plantation economy in the tropics - Gerhard Seibert The export of rice and millet from Upper Guinea into the 16th-century Atlantic trade - Toby Green 'Our indico designe': Planting and processing indigo for export, Upper Guinea coast, 1684-1702 - Colleen E Kriger 'There's nothing grows in the West Indies but will grow here': European projects of plantation agriculture on the Gold Coast, 1650s-1780s - Robin Law The origins of 'legitimate commerce' - Christopher Brown Friederichsnopel: A Danish project of commercial agriculture on the Gold Coast, 1788-1793 - Per Hernaes 'The Colony has made no progress in agriculture': Contested perceptions of agriculture in the colonies of Sierra Leone and Liberia - Bronwen Everill Church Missionary Society projects of agricultural improvement in the 19th century: Sierra Leone and Yorubaland - Kehinde Olabimtan Agricultural enterprise and unfree labour in 19th-century Angola - Roquinaldo Ferreira Commercial agriculture and the ending of slave-trading and slavery in West Africa, 1780s-1920s - Gareth Austin

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Book SynopsisSpanning the period from the cold war to the 'war on terror', examines the political economy dynamics of security and insecurity on the continent, as well as its implications for political actions. More than any other part of the globe, Africa has become associated with conflict, insecurity and human rights atrocities. In the popular imagination and the media, overpopulation, environmental degradation and ethnic hatred dominate accounts of African violence, while in academic and policy-making circles, conflict and insecurity have also come to occupy centre stage, with resource-hungry warlords and notions of 'greed' and 'grievance' playing key explanatory roles. Since the attacks of 9/11, there has also been mounting concern that the continent's so-called 'ungoverned spaces' will provide safe havens for terrorists intent on destroying Western civilization. The Review of African Political Economy has engaged extensively with issues of conflict and security, both analysing on-going conflicts and often challenging predominant modes of explanation and interpretation. This Review of African Political Economy Reader provides a timely, comprehensive and critical contribution to contemporary debates about conflict and security on the continent. The first section, covers some of the continent's main post-Cold War conflicts and demonstrates their global connections. The articles also discuss the so-called 'resource curse', as well as the global arms trade, and reveal the complexities of the relationship between the economic and the political. The second section focuses on security as part of post-Cold War global governance, and discusses the effects of liberal peace-building as well as the link between development assistance and the 'war on terror'. The final section examines life as it continues in conditions of war and shows how insecurity reconfigures urban space, transforms social order, identities and authority. Rita Abrahamsen is Professor in the Graduate School of Publicand International Affairs, University of Ottawa, Canada Published in association with ROAPE ROAPE African Readers Series Editors: Tunde Zack-Williams & Ray BushTrade ReviewIt contains core literature on conflicts in the field of political economy that will ensure stimulating debates, particularly in the classroom. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Conflict & Security in Africa. PART I: GLOBAL ECONOMIES, STATE COLLAPSE & CONFLICTS - Rita Abrahamsen Ironies of Post-Cold War Structural Adjustment in Sierra Leone. (No. 67, 1996) - William Reno Timber Booms, State Busts: The Political Economy of Liberian Timber. (No. 101, 2004) - Patrick B. Johnston Petro-Insurgency or Criminal Syndicate? Conflict & Violence in the Niger Delta. (No.114, 2007) - Michael J. Watts Oil as the 'Curse' of Conflict in Africa: Peering through the Smoke & Mirrors. (No. 114, 2007) - Cyril I. Obi Defence Expenditures, Arms Procurement & Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. (No. 121, 2009) PART II: GLOBAL SECURITY GOVERNANCE Somalia: 'They Created a Desert & Called it Peace(building'). (No. 120, 2009) - Ken Menkhaus The Burundi Peace Negotiations: An African Experience of Peace-Making. (No. 112, 2007) PART III: CULTURES OF CONFLICT & INSECURITY - Patricia Daley Blair's Africa: The Politics of Securitization & Fear. (Alternatives 30, 2005) - Rita Abrahamsen Abductions, Kidnappings & Killings in the Sahel and Sahara. (No. 38, 2011) SECTION 3: CULTURES OF CONFLICT& INSECURITY - Franklin Charles Graham IV The Political Economy of Sacrifice: Kinois & the State. (No. 93/94, 2002) - Theodore Trefon A City under Siege: Banditry & Modes of Accumulation in Nairobi, 1991-2004. (No. 106, 2005) - Musambayi Katumanga Côte d'Ivoire: Patriotism, Ethnonationalism & other African Modes of Self-writing. (African Affairs 2006, 105 (421): 535-52) - Richard Banegas Beyond Civil Society: Child Soldiers as Citizens in Mozambique. (No. 80, 1999) - Carol B. Thompson

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Book SynopsisA lively historical account of the rise of Ethiopia's student movement by one of those involved, its role in overthrowing the imperial regime, and its impact on the shaping of the country's future. In the second half of the 1960s and the early 1970s, the Ethiopian student movement emerged from rather innocuous beginnings to become the major opposition force against the imperial regime in Ethiopia, contributing perhaps more than any other factor to the eruption of the 1974 revolution, a revolution that brought about not only the end of the long reign of Emperor Haile Sellassie, but also a dynasty of exceptional longevity. The student movement would beof fundamental importance in the shaping of the future Ethiopia, instrumental in both its political and social development. Bahru Zewde, himself one of the students involved in the uprising, draws on interviews with former student leaders and activists, as well as documentary sources, to describe the steady radicalisation of the movement, characterised particularly after 1965 by annual demonstrations against the regime and culminating in the ascendancy of Marxism-Leninism by the early 1970s. Almost in tandem with the global student movement, the year 1969 marked the climax of student opposition to the imperial regime, both at home and abroad. It was also in that year that students broached what came to be famously known as the "national question", ultimately resulting in the adoption in 1971of the Leninist/Stalinist principle of self-determination up to and including secession. On the eve of the revolution, the student movement abroad split into two rival factions; a split that was ultimately to lead to the liquidation of both and the consolidation of military dictatorship as well as the emergence of the ethno-nationalist agenda as the only viable alternative to the military regime. Bahru Zewde is Emeritus Professor of History at Addis Ababa University and Vice President of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences. He has authored many books and articles, notably A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855-1974 and Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia: The Reformist Intellectuals of the Early Twentieth Century. Finalist for the Bethwell A. Ogot Book Prize to the author of the best book on East African Studies, 2015. Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University Press (paperback)Trade ReviewAt long last an historical event that seems to have had some significance in the political development of Ethiopia has been successfully and fairly treated in this monograph by an author who personally experienced at least part of the process. * AETHIOPICA *The present work is a major contribution to the modern intellectual and political history of Ethiopia. . . . Bahru Zewde has produced a masterful and nuanced account of the origins, personalities, organizations, internecine debates, and tragic fates of the young intellectuals and activists who organized and led student opposition to the imperial regime. * INT'L JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *[A] masterful, long awaited, and authentic account. ... A remarkable, painstakingly researched, and insightful analysis. * AFRICA REVIEW OF BOOKS *Bahru Zewde's book provides a rich, nuanced history, analysis, and interpretation of this most radical student movement in Africa in the twentieth century. It is a remarkably well-crafted book; elegant, readable, engrossing, and comprehensive. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Must become the definitive account of the Ethiopian student movement. * ANGLO-ETHIOPIAN NEWS FILE *Impeccable. ... An impressive and comprehensive piece of scholarly work. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *Table of ContentsYouth in Revolt The Political and Cultural Context Early Beginnings: 'That Will be the Day, When...' The Process of Radicalisation 1969: Prelude to Revolution Championing the Cause of the Marginalised: the National Question and the Woman Question Fusion and Fission: From Student Unions to Leftist Political Organisations Conclusion: The Legacy

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Book SynopsisExamines the variety of mostly unorganized and informal ways in which Africans exercise agency and resist state power in the 21st century, through citizen action and popular culture, and how the relationship between ruler and ruled is being reframed. The recent eruption of popular protests across North Africa and the Middle East has reopened academic debate on the meaning and strategies of resistance in the 21st century. This book argues that Western notions of state and civilsociety provide only a limited understanding of how power and resistance operate in the African context, where informality is central to the way both state officials and citizens exercise agency. With the principle of informality as a template, the chapters in this volume collectively examine the various modes - organised and unorganised, formal and informal, urban and rural, embodied and discursive, serious and ludic, online and offline, successful and failing - through which Africans contend with power. Resistance takes place against the backdrop of deep fractures in state sovereignty, the remnants of colonial rule and the constraints of a global, neoliberal economic system. Ebenezer Obadare is Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Kansas; Wendy Willems is Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Media Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.Trade ReviewIn the year of his death, Patrick Chabal . . . wrote the forward to this edited volume, which celebrates the everyday resilience, strength, and global consciousness of the continent's citizenry. His contribution is a testament to the work's scholarly importance as a beacon of interdisciplinary synergy that promotes ongoing dialogue and understanding by paving empirical pathways that lead to the facts about African resistances. * JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY *[A] thoughtful and important contribution to the ways in which we view and approach resistance across Africa. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY A great book. AFRICA REVIEW OF BOOKS *Makes innovative interventions in the debates around how we think about the agency and resilience of ordinary people. ... Reading this book [is] an unusually enjoyable experience. * AFRICA *An excellent collection, well-edited and, without exception, well-written. * THE JOURNAL OF MODERN AFRICAN STUDIES *A theoretically and empirically rich book [which] serves to update a number of ideas about resistance in Africa. * AFRICA AT LSE BLOG *Table of ContentsForeword by Patrick Chabal - Patrick Chabal INTRODUCTION - African resistance in an age of fractured sovereignty PART ONE: POST-COLONIAL STATE FORMATION AND PARALLEL INFRASTRUCTURES - Ebenezer Obadare INTRODUCTION - African resistance in an age of fractured sovereignty PART ONE: POST-COLONIAL STATE FORMATION AND PARALLEL INFRASTRUCTURES - Wendy Willems Global technologies of domination and arts of resistance in Africa: from colonial encounters to the Arab Spring - Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni Citizenship from below: the politics of citizen action and resistance in South Africa and Angola - PART TWO: EMBODIED MODES OF RESISTANCE AND THE POST-COLONIAL STATE - Bettina von Lieres The politics of confinement and mobility: informality, relocations and urban re-making from below - Ilda Lindell The politics of confinement and mobility: informality, relocations and urban re-making from below - Markus Ihalainen Overcoming socio-economic marginalisation: Young West African hustlers and the reinvention of global capitalism - Basile Ndijo Accepting authoritarianism? Everyday resistance as political consciousness in post-genocide Rwanda - PART THREE: POPULAR CULTURE AS DISCURSIVE FORMS OF RESISTANCE - Susan Thomson Participatory politics in South Africa: social commentary from above and resistance from below - Innocentia Jabulisil Mhlambi Laughing at the rainbow's cracks? Blackness, whiteness and the ambivalences of South African stand-up comedy - Grace A. Musila 'Beasts of no nation': Resistance and civic activism in Fela Anikulapo-Kuti's music - PART FOUR: PUBLICS AS EVERYDAY SITES OF RESISTANCE - Jendele Hungbo The power of resonance: Music, local radio stations, and the sounds of cultural belonging in Mali - Dorothea E. Schulz Narrating the contested public sphere: Zapiro, Zuma and freedom of expression in South Africa - Daniel Hammett

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Book SynopsisA uniquely detailed portrayal of the formative years of Tanzania's first president and the influences that led him to enter politics. Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922-1999), the first President of Tanzania, was a man whose political life was uniquely and inextricably bound into the history of the nation he created. Yet, though 'Baba wa Taifa', Father of the Nation, there is still no adequate biography. This book presents the first truly rounded portrait of Nyerere's early life, from his birth in 1922 until his graduation from Edinburgh in 1952, helping us to see his later political achievements in a new light. It was after returning to Tanganyika that 'Mwalimu' (the teacher) formally entered politics, and led efforts to deliver Tanganyika to independence. Drawing on interviews with his contemporaries, as wellas archival sources, including his letters as a student and files that the colonial authorities kept on him, this revelatory and engaging account allows us to see Nyerere afresh. It also brings a new perspective on how the scholarship that Nyerere engaged with as a young man in Scotland influenced his ideas of the uhuru movement against colonial rule and, later, the ujamaa policy of African socialism that so defined his leadership of an independent Tanzania. Thomas Molony is Lecturer in African Studies at the University of Edinburgh.Trade ReviewA major contribution to the field. * THE ROUND TABLE *A well-researched, scholarly, yet highly-readable, work about one of the most remarkable, but least understood, African leaders of the last century. How welcome it is.... A wonderful book and one that should be on the shelves of universities and secondary schools not only in Africa but in those countries in the Commonwealth where African studies are underway. -- Trevor Grundy * POLITICSWEB *It is an effective chronicle of a young man who excelled in school, took Roman Catholic missionary instruction, received a degree from Makerere College in Uganda, received another undergraduate degree from the University of Edinburgh, and returned home to teach secondary school and help create an independent republic. Recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsButiama The Abandoned Place Musoma and Tabora: Kambarage, Spirit of the Rain Makerere: Becoming Julius Return to Tabora: African Associations Scotland: Great Conceptions Edinburgh and Uhuru: Politics, Philosophy and Economics Edinburgh and Ujamaa: History and Anthropology London and Pugu: Teaching and Politics The Early Years: Legacy and Reappraisal Appendix: Select Biographies

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Book SynopsisTraces the dynamics of state-building in Juba, Southern Sudan 2005-2011, revealing how underlying ties of ethnicity and land dominated the actions of the various parties in post-conflict reconstruction and how these may continue to influence power and resource-sharing in the newly independent state of South Sudan. Naseem Badiey examines the local dynamics of the emerging capital city of Juba, Southern Sudan, during the historically pivotal transition period following the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). Focusing on the intersections of land tenure reform and urban development, she challenges the dominant paradigm of 'post-conflict reconstruction' and re-conceptualizes state-building as a social process underpinned by negotiation. Badiey explores local resistance to reconstruction programmes, debates over the interpretation of peace settlements, and competing claims to land and resources not as problems to be solved through interventions but as negotiations of authority which are fundamental to shaping the character of the 'state'. While donors and aid agency officials anticipated clashes between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) following the CPA, they did not foresee internal divisions that impeded reconstruction in Southern Sudan, raising serious questions about the viability of an independent state. In Juba local elites interpreted the CPA in line with their economic and political interests, using claims to land, authority and political power to challenge the SPLM's agenda for urban reconstruction. In revealing how local actors strategically interpreted the framework of land rights in Southern Sudan, the book offers a basis for understanding the challenges that confront the nascent South Sudan's state-builders and their international partners in the future. NASEEM BADIEY is Assistant Professor of International Development andHumanitarian Action at California State University Monterey Bay.Trade ReviewWhat Badiey has produced is more than simply a more nuanced portrayal of Southern Sudan-though she does this too-and an excellent contribution to the literature on South Sudan. This book enters into a discussion about post-conflict state-building that has been going on across the region for a long time. * SUDAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION *A valuable book for those who want to understand the contemporary dynamics of land issues and reconstruction at large especially in the African context. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *[A] refreshing reminder to the aid community about how 'experts' and topdown planners can fail abysmally if they fail to pay attention to the local dynamics of an area. Recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The dilemma of 'post-conflict recontstruction' in South Sudan The momemtum of history 'Rebels' and 'collaborators': integration and reconciliation following the CPA 'Land belongs to the community': competing interpretations of the CPA The unseeing state: corruption, evasion and other responses to urban planning Local land disputes: informality, autochthony and competing ideas of citizenship Conclusion: all statebuilding is local

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Book SynopsisProposes a dynamic new approach to the production of knowledge on Africa, one that is global, multiple and heterogeneous, elucidating this through both discursive theoretical chapters and case histories. Knowledge production is a highly political and politicized practice. This book questions the way in which knowledge of and about Africa is produced and how this influences development policy and practice. Rebutting both Euro-and Afrocentric production of knowledge, this collection proposes a multiple, global and dynamic Africa-centredness in which scholars use whatever concepts and research tools are most appropriate to the different African contextsin which they work. In the first part of the book key conceptual themes are raised and the epistemological foundations are laid through questions of gender, literature and popular music. Contributors in the second part apply andtest these tools and concepts, examining the pressures on doctoral students in a South African university, the crisis in knowledge about declining marine fish populations, perplexities around why certain ICT provisions fail, or how some Zimbabwean students, despite being beset by poverty, succeed. The light thrown on the mechanics of how knowledge comes into being, and in whose interests, illuminates one of the key issues in African Studies. Brenda Cooper is an Honorary Research Associate at the University of Manchester. She was for many years the Director of the Centre for African Studies and a Professor in the English department at the University of Cape Town, where she is now Emeritus Professor. Robert Morrell is Coordinator of the Programme for the Enhancement of Research Capacity at the University of Cape Town.Trade ReviewHighlights the need for syncretic knowledge systems which include knowledges, knowledge producers, and the intelligensia of the southern regions to be accepted as equals with those of the North. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *[This volume] should point the way for equity and inclusion in the context of seeing Africa-centered research and products on equal footing with Euro-centric and Afro-centric paradigms. * AFRICAN & ASIAN STUDIES *The book thus contains a huge diversity of subject matter, which is drawn together by a common interrogation of dominant ways of knowing and a quest for holding open alternatives. . . . It is a book to be recommended to any reader interested in moving beyond the tired binaries of 'western' versus 'indigenous' knowledge. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *Contains a rich assembly of ideas and observations. * ANTIPODE *The book contains many valuable thoughts and quotable statements, including a note that Hegel believed that the great historical dialectic bypassed Africa altogether, as well as insights about the relation between epistemology and method, the freeing and inhibiting qualities of classification systems, and the potential danger of knowing. * ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW DATABASE *highlights the need for syncretic knowledge systems which include knowledges, knowledge producers, and the intelligensia of the southern regions to be accepted as equals wiht those of the North. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *Table of ContentsIntroduction: the possibility of Africa-centred knowledges - PART ONE Epistemology: struggles over meaning-making Validated knowledge: confronting myths about Africa by Lansana Keita Re-theorizing the indigenous knowledge debate by Lesley Green Battlefields of knowledge: conceptions of gender in development discourse by Signe Arnfred Knowing time: temporal epistemology in the African novel by Bill Ashcroft Black boxes and glass jars: classification in the hunt for Africa-centred knowledge by Brenda Cooper 'This is a robbers' system': popular musicians' readings of the Kenyan state by Mbugua wa-Mungai - PART TWO Policy and practice: applying the knowledge Science, fishers' knowledge and Namibia's fishing industry by Barbara Paterson, Marieke Norton, Astrid Jarre and Lesley Green ICT for development: extending computing design concepts by Ulrike Rivett, Gary Marsden and Edwin Blake 'Good houses make good people': making knowledge about health and environment in Cape Town by Warren Smit, Ariane de Lannoy, Robert VH Dover, Estelle V Lambert, Naomi Levitt and Vanessa Watson Men of God and gendered knowledge by Akosua Adomako Ampofo and Michael PK Okyerefo Retrieving the traces of knowledge-making while editing a book on postgraduate writing by Linda Cooper and Lucia Thesen Hunhuism (personhood) and academic success in a Zimbabwean secondary school by Leadus Madzima

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Book SynopsisJoint Winner of the Amaury Talbot Prize for African Anthropology 2014 Analyses the experiences of exile and return of Nuer women and men of all ages and how they negotiate and reshape gender identities and relations in the context of prolonged war and violence. Joint Winner of the Amaury Talbot Prize for African Anthropology 2014 How and where did returning Nuer refugees make their 'homes' in southern Sudan? How were gender relations and identity redefined as a result of war, displacement and return to post-war communities? And how were those displaced able to recreate a sense of home, community and nation? During the civil wars in southern Sudan (1983-2005) many of the displaced Sudanese, including many Nuer, were in refugee camps in Kenya and Ethiopia. In the aftermath of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, they repatriated to southern Sudan. Faced with finding long-lost relatives and local expectations of 'proper behaviour', they often felt displaced again. This book follows the lives of a group of Nuer in the Greater Upper Nile region. The narratives of those displaced and those who stayed behind reveal the complexity of social change, in particular, the crucial yet relatively unconsidered transformation of gender and generational relations, and how this has impacted on state formation in what is now South Sudan. Katarzyna Grabska is a research fellow with the Department of Anthropology and Sociology of Development at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. She is co-editor (with Lyla Mehta), of Forced Displacement: Why Rights Matter? (Palgrave: 2008)Trade ReviewAn extremely valuable part of an emerging patchwork of localised (and often ethically-bounded) studies on post-war community reconstruction in South Sudan. * SUDAN STUDIES *Makes a timely contribution to the study of post-war reconstruction in South Sudan. * ANTHROPOLOGICAL QUARTLEY *This is an empirically rich, multi-sited ethnography... the book contributes substantively to the literature on return migration. * JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES *While Grabska contributes to the academic debate and a global discussion about those who are displaced, humanitarians currently spending millions in South Sudan would also do well to read this book. * JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE *Table of ContentsPreface Returnee Dilemmas: Dangerous Trousers and Threatening Mini-skirts Jiom - Season of Fighting and Running: Conflict, Mobility and Gender Mai - Season of Displacement: Becoming "Modern" in Kakuma Rwil - Season of "Returns" Season of Settling-in Tot - Gendered Emplacement: Identities, Ideologies and Marriage Returnees as Visitors and the Nuer Community: Where do we go from here? Epilogue

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Book SynopsisWINNER OF THE ASAUK FAGE & OLIVER PRIZE 2016 The author meticulously contextualises the experiences of Achebe and his peers as students at Government College Umuahia and argues for a re-assessment of this influential group of Nigerian writers in relation to the literary culture fostered by the school and its tutors. This is the first in-depth scholarly study of the literary awakening of the young intellectuals who became known as Nigeria's "first-generation" writers in the post-colonial period. Terri Ochiagha's research focuses on Chinua Achebe, Elechi Amadi, Chike Momah, Christopher Okigbo and Chukwuemeka Ike, and also discusses the experiences of Gabriel Okara, Ken Saro-Wiwa and I.C. Aniebo, in the context of their education in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s at Government College, Umuahia. The author provides fresh perspectives on Postcolonial and World literary processes, colonial education in British Africa, literary representations of colonialism and Chinua Achebe's seminal position in African literature. She demonstrates how each of the writers used this very particular education to shape their own visions of the world in which they operated and examines the implications that this had for African literature as a whole. Supplementary material is available online of some of the original sources. See: http://boybrew.co/9781847011091_2 Terri Ochiagha holds one of the prestigious British Academy Newton International Fellowships (2014-16) hosted by the School of English, University of Sussex. She was previously a Senior Associate Member of St Antony's College, University of Oxford.Trade Review[Explores] the great mystery that it addresses: how on earth did this sort of 'political' school produce 'such a number of renowned writers in one generation'[?]...Highly recommended. * MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW *This is an eminently readable book...Ochiagha is a clear and capable writer... Achebe and Friends certainly adds to our understanding of how a group of 1940s Nigerians schoolboys acquired the intellectual education which was a necessary precursor to the extraordinary literature that five of them went on to produce. * LUCAS BULLETIN *Offers compelling insights into the development of Nigeria's most celebrated writers, and provides a much-needed account of how their education at Umuahia contributed to their success. * TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT *Proof that education has the power to change the world can be found in the story told in this groundbreaking book. * TIMES EDUCATIONAL SUPPLEMENT *Groundbreaking on many fronts. Not only is it 'the first in-depth scholarly study of the literary awakening of the young intellectuals who became known as Nigeria's 'first-generation' writers in the post-colonial period'; it also, subtly, proposes a new framework for receiving and interrogating the works of said writers. * TORCH *A major study....this book is a new perspective on British colonial education in Nigeria and the development of Nigeria's modern literature, especially in the way the writers' visions were shaped to re-inscribe African literature. * AFRICA BOOK LINK *Focusing on the emergence of an African elite at Government College Umuahia and their turn to literature as a mode of self-expression, Terri Ochiagha's Achebe and Friends answers one of the outstanding questions in African literary history: Why did the most important group of pioneer writers emerge from one institution in Eastern Nigeria in the last decades of colonial rule? Ochiagha combines the archival skills of a cultural historian with the sensibilities of a literary critic to produce perhaps one of the most important commentaries on African literature in recent years. This is a remarkable book on the origins of African literature and an unmatched model of how to do the literary history of the postcolonial world. -- SIMON GIKANDI, Robert Schirmer Professor of English, Princeton UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Umuahian Connection - Terri Ochiagha Laying the Foundation: The Fisher Days, 1929-1939 "The Eton of the East": William Simpson and the Umuahian Renaissance Studying the Humanities at Government College, Umuahia Young Political Renegades: Nationalist Undercurrents at Government College, Umuahia, 1944-1945 "Something New in Ourselves": First Literary Aspirations The Dangerous Potency of the Crossroads: Colonial Mimicry in Ike, Momah and Okigbo's Reimaginings of the Primus Inter Pares Years An Uncertain Legacy: I.N.C. Aniebo and Ken Saro-Wiwa in the Umuahia of the 1950s The Will to Shine as One: Affiliation and Friendship beyond the College Walls Appendices

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Book SynopsisA uniquely detailed account of the dynamics of Afro-European trade in two states on the western Slave Coast over three centuries and the transition from slave trade to legitimate commerce. From 1550 to colonial partition in the mid-1880s, trade was key to Afro-European relations on the western Slave Coast (the coastal areas of modern Togo and parts of what are now Ghana and Benin). This book looks at the commercialrelations of two states which played a crucial role in the Atlantic slave trade as well as the trade in ivory and agricultural produce: Hula, known to European traders as Grand Popo (now in Benin) and Ge, known as Little Popo (nowin Togo). Situated between the Gold Coast to the west and the eastern Slave Coast to the east, this region was an important supplier of provisions for Europeans and the enslaved Africans they purchased. Also, due to its positionin the lagoon system, it facilitated communication along the coast between the trading companies' headquarters on the western Gold Coast and their factories on the eastern Slave Coast, particularly at Ouidah, the Slave Coast's major slave port. In the 19th century, when the trade at more established ports was disrupted by the men-of-war of the British anti-slave trade squadron, the western Slave Coast became a hot-spot of illegal slave trading. Providing a detailed reconstruction of political and commercial developments in the western Slave coast, including the transition from the slave trade to legitimate commerce, this book also reveals the region's position in the wider trans-Atlantic trade network and how cross-cultural partnerships were negotiated; the trade's impact on African coastal "middlemen" communities; and the relative importance of local and global factors for the history of a region or community. Silke Strickrodt is Research Fellow in Colonial History, German Historical Institute London. She is co-editor (with Robin Law and Suzanne Schwarz) of Commercial Agriculture, the Slave Trade and Slavery in Atlantic Africa (James Currey, 2013).Trade ReviewRequired reading for anyone with an interest in the history of the region, as well as a valuable contribution to the history of West Africa and the Atlantic world in general. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *This book is a masterpiece of historical research, critical analysis, and writing. * SLAVERY & ABOLITION *By providing the first extended analysis of Afro-European trade in the western Slave Coast, Strickrodt has helped to fill a much-needed void in our knowledge of the subject. * H-ASIA *Impressively researched and very readable study of the Western Slave Coast. * AFRICA *Strickrodt is a meticulous scholar. . . . She has written an account that is very valuable not only for the history of the peoples studied, but also for understanding the diverse ways the slave trade shaped those who participated in it. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *The work provides a thorough narrative of the events of the western Slave Coast that expertly connects internal and external causes of change. Recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction The regional setting The Atlantic connection: Little Popo and the rise of Afro-European trade, c.1600 to 1702 The era of the warrior kings, 1702 to 1772 The era of the traders, 1772 to c.1807 Disintegration and reconstitution: political developments, 1820s to 1870s From slaves to palm oil: Afro-European trade, c.1807 to 1870s Epilogue: The colonial partition and its consequences, 1870s to c.1900

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Book SynopsisThe first in-depth account of Darfur's history during the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium (from 1916). This work engages with a fundamental question in the study of African history and politics: to what extent did the colonial state re-define the character of local politics in the societies it governed? Existing scholarship on Darfur under the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium (1916-1956) has suggested that colonial governance here represented either straightforward continuity or utterly transformative change from the region's deep history of independent statehoodunder the Darfur Sultanate. This book argues that neither view is adequate: it shows that British rule bequeathed a culture of governance to Darfur which often rested on state coercion and violence, but which was also influencedby enduring local conceptions of the relationship between ruler and ruled, and the agendas of local actors. The state was perceived as a resource as well as a threat by local peoples. Although the British did introduce significant changes to the character of governance in Darfur, local populations negotiated the significance of these innovations, challenging the authority of state-appointed chiefs, defying official attempts to police the boundaries ofethnic territories, and competing for the resources of political support and development that the state represented. Even the violence of the state was shaped and channelled by the initiative of local elites. Finally, the authorsuggests that contemporary conflict and politics in the region must be understood in the context of this deeper history of interaction between state and local agendas in shaping everyday realities of power and governance. Chris Vaughan is Lecturer in African History at Liverpool John Moores University. Previously, he taught at the Universities of Durham, Leeds, Liverpool and Edinburgh. His articles have appeared in the Journal of African Historyand the Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. He is co-editor (with Lotje De Vries and Mareike Schomerus) of The Borderlands of South Sudan.Trade ReviewWe have reason to thank Vaughan for 'filling in the blanks' by producing such a rich, thoughtful and satisfying monograph. * THE JOURNAL OF IMPERIAL AND COMMONWEALTH HISTORY *Take[s] up the challenge of writing against the grain of state archives, hunting out Sudanese histories of political action and local theories of governance. * JOURNAL OF COLONIALISM AND COLONIAL HISTORY *[An] important contribution to the scholarship on Sudanese history in particular and British imperial and African colonial history generally. Challenges the claim to peace and order that British colonial authorities in the Sudan repeated as their credo and mantra, and instead argues that the colonial state's promotion of violence was 'licensed'-meaning officially authorised. * ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW *Chris Vaughan provides an important case study of British rule in Darfur, in the western Sudan, showing how local populations 'actually shape the way the state is manifested at a local level' (6). ... provides a significant refinement of current scholarship discussing 're-tribalization' policies in the colonial era. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Vaughan has provided an interesting analysis of power in those pre-independence times, how different groups made the most of the opportunities afforded to them, how colonial rules and regulations were often a mere overlay on local customs and traditions. The colourful anecdotes from colonial archives are the icing on the cake. * AUSTRALASIAN REVIEW OF AFRICAN STUDIES *Offers a useful treatment of themes in the political history of Darfur from the sultanate to Sudanese independence and more specifically a distinctive well-defined thesis on the shaping of administrative policy and practice during the era of British rule ...The author has not written a social or cultural history but has argued for a broad characterization of continuing political relationships, and this is his contribution. * IJAHS *This study contributes significantly to scholarship about the colonial state, using evidence derived from the historical experience of colonial Darfur (1916-56). * AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW *There are no pat answers here. More - and even more-detailed - scholarly attention to the history of individual tribes might make the future more predictable. In framing such studies, historians would have in Darfur an engaging and provocative place to start. * SUDAN STUDIES *Table of ContentsIntroduction State Authority and Local Politics before 1916: The Darfur Sultans, Turco-Egyptian Rule and the Mahdiyya Colonial Conquest and the Politics of Alliance in Darfur, 1916-1921 'Healthy Oppression'? Native Administration and State Violence in Western Darfur, 1917- 1945 Native Courts and Chieftaincy Disputes in Pastoralist Darfur, 1917-1937 Defining Territories, Policing Movement and the Limits of Legibility in Pastoralist Darfur, 1917-1950 Late Colonialism in Darfur: Local Government, Development and National Politics, 1937-1956 Conclusion: State Formation, Violence and Conflict in Historical Perspective

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Book SynopsisFinalist for the African Studies Association 2016 Melville J. Herskovits Award A detailed ethnographic and historical study of the implications of fast-track land reform in Zimbabwe from the perspective of those involvedin land occupations around Lake Mutirikwi, from the colonial period to the present day. The Mutirikwi river was dammed in the early 1960s to make Zimbabwe's second largest lake. This was a key moment in the Europeanisation of Mutirikwi's landscapes, which had begun with colonial land appropriations in the 1890s. ButAfrican landscapes were not obliterated by the dam. They remained active and affective. At independence in 1980, local clans reasserted ancestral land claims in a wave of squatting around Lake Mutirikwi. They were soon evicted asthe new government asserted control over the remaking of Mutirikwi's landscapes. Amid fast-track land reform in the 2000s, the same people returned again to reclaim the land. Many returned to the graves and ruins of past lives forged in the very substance of the soil, and even incoming war veterans and new farmers appealed to autochthonous knowledge to make safe their resettlements. This book explores those reoccupations and the complex contests overlandscape, water and belonging they provoked. The 2000s may have heralded a long-delayed re-Africanisation of Lake Mutirikwi, but just as African presence had survived the dam, so white presence remains active and affective through Rhodesian-era discourses, place-names and the materialities of ruined farms, contour ridging and old irrigation schemes. Through lenses focused on the political materialities of water and land, this book reveals how the remaking of Mutirikwi's landscapes has always been deeply entangled with changing strategies of colonial and postcolonial statecraft. It highlights how the traces of different pasts intertwine in contemporary politics through the active, enduring yet emergent, forms and substances of landscape. Joost Fontein is Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa and Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Edinburgh. Published in association with the British Institute in Eastern Africa.Trade ReviewEssential reading. * JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE *An enriching book that cuts across a number of disciplines. * JADAVPUR JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS *Packed with fascinating stories and important data...chapters deal with spirit control of landscapes, and the intersection of the material and spirit world in negotiating use and creating belonging; the contested relationship between wildlife - including fish and hippos - and people; the legacies of the liberation war and the struggles over land that occurred both during and after the war. -- Ian Scoones * ZIMBABWELAND *A fascinating book that is ethnographically grounded with an appreciation of local histories and archaeology to bring out a complex story of the struggles over resources, belonging, imagined futures and statecraft in Southern Zimbabwe. * INSIGHT ON AFRICA *Fontein's interdisciplinary approach as an anthropologist, a sociologist, an ecologist, and a historian provides further credence to his writings.Fontein may have opened the door for a whole new understanding of peoples and places. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *Highly recommended, both for those interested in detailed analyses of (the impact of) land reform in Zimbabwe, as well as those interested in more theoretical debates about the significance of materialities in anthropology and history. * ANTHROPOLOGY SOUTHERN AFRICA *This is a story of a tangle of imminent pasts and imagined futures firmly rooted in the substances of Mutirikwi . many audiences . will want to journey through the pasts and futures of this book. * IJAHS *T]his handsome volume helps readers to wrestle with the complexities of matter, experience, and time in southern Africa. Fontein's scholarship will interest students of African Studies, landscape, African history and historiography, materiality, development studies, and critical heritage studies. * JOURNAL OF AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY *Basing his book on extensive fieldwork, in-depth oral interviews, and an intimate understanding of the historical and social context, Fontein provides an exceptionally detailed analysis. . . . The moving stories of informants, vivid photos, and helpful maps make for an excellent work. Highly recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsRemaking Mutirikwi: An Introduction PART ONE: Remaking Mutirikwi in the 2000s New farmers, old claims Graves, ruins & belonging Rain, power & sovereignty Hippos, fishing & irrigation Genealogical geographies PART TWO: Damming Mutirikwi, 1940s-1990s New white futures, new Rhodesian settlers & large-scale irrigation, 1940s-1950s Remaking Victorian landscapes, 1950s-1960s War & danger in the wake of the dam, 1970s Promised returns & frustrated futures in the wake of war, 1980s-1990s Epilogue: Remaking Mutirikwi in the late 2000s and early 2010s

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Book SynopsisEssential reading for scholars of Sudan, of Africa and of local governance, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, this study explores chiefly authority in South Sudan from its historical origins and evolution under colonial,postcolonial and military rule, to its current roles and value in the newly independent country. The creation of Africa's newest state, South Sudan, in 2011, involved national and international recognition of "traditional authorities", or chiefs. Chiefship has often been misunderstood to be a timeless or non-state institution, but this book argues for the mutual constitution of chiefship and the state since the mid-nineteenth century, based on research in the vicinity of three towns. The book also demonstrates that while South Sudanese towns have previously been analysed as centres of alien state power, people came to the urban "frontier" to seek the resources, regulation and justice of the state. Located conceptually - and sometimes spatially - upon this frontier, chiefshipbecame central to local relations with the state, and to state definitions of the local. The book thus addresses broader debates over the role of traditional authorities and the nature of urban-rural and state-society relations inAfrica. Cherry Leonardi is a Senior Lecturer in African History at Durham University, a former course director of the Rift Valley Institute's Sudan course, and a member of the council of the British Institute in Eastern Africa Published in association with the British Institute in Eastern Africa.Trade ReviewA detailed and rich account of the historical development of chiefship and of the state in southern Sudan... challenges lazy conceptions that represent South Sudan as lacking a political culture and history...particularly relevant to the current period. * AFRICA AT LSE BLOG *This highly readable and engaging book offers new insights into southern Sudanese experiences. * COMMONWEALTH AND COMPARATIVE POLITICS *[A] masterful book. * GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA *This highly informed and informative volume is a great addition to the literature on state-society relations in South Sudan. ... Likely to become a measuring stick for future anthropological works on South and should also be of interest to scholars of state-society relations and traditional authorities in other parts of Africa. * JOURNAL OF MODERN AFRICAN STUDIES *The first thorough study that has been done on the institution of chiefships in South Sudan. [Leonardi] has laid a firm foundation for the further study of this topic by other scholars. ... This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, researchers, policy makers, civil societies, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). * INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *[Employs] a well-considered multi-disciplinary approach in tackling this lively issue and, as such, it would be of interest to students and scholars of African studies and particularly to those in the fields of anthropology, political science, history, law and economics. * SUDAN STUDIES *Leonardi's book will for a long time be central to any deeper understanding of political structures in the newest African country. . . . This is an important book which should be read widely among all those concerned with African history and politics, not just Sudan specialists. * AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW *[Leonardi] combines an impressive mastery of the scholarship on South Sudan and Sudan, with very thorough archival research and fieldwork. At the same time, she brings to bear wide reading in related literatures, to connect the issues that she documents with broader scholarly debates. ... a quite original contribution to the study of politics and the state in modern Africa. -- Professor Charles Ambler, University of Texas at El PasoTable of ContentsIntroduction: the making of chiefship, state and community in South Sudan - PART I: From zariba to merkaz: the creation of the nodal state frontier, c. 1840-1920 Frontier societies and the political economy of knowledge in the nineteenth century Colonial frontiers and the emergence of government chiefs, c. 1900-20 - PART II: From makama to mejlis: the making of chiefship and the local state, 1920s-50s Constituting the urban frontier: chiefship and the colonial labour economy, 1920s-40s Claiming rights and guarantees: chiefs' courts and state justice, c. 1900-56 Containing the frontier: the tensions of territorial chiefdoms, 1930s-50s Uncertainty on the urban frontier: chiefs and the politics of Sudanese independence, 1946-58 - PART III: From malakiya to medina: the fluctuating expansion of the urban frontier, c. 1956-2010 Trading knowledge: chiefship, local elites and the urban frontier, c. 1956-2010 Regulating depredation: chiefs and the military, 1963-2005 Reprising 'tradition': the mutual production of community and state in the twenty-first century Knowing the system: judicial pluralism and discursive legalism in the interim period, 2005-10 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisWinner of the African Studies Association 2016 Bethwell A. Ogot Book Prize A lively account of the 1924 Revolution in Sudan and the way in which the colonial situation has affected its representation, a case in point inthe histories of nationalist anti-colonial movements in Africa and the Middle East. The 1924 Revolution was a watershed in Sudanese history, the first episode of anti-colonial resistance in which a nationalist ideology was explicitly used, and part of a global wave of anti-colonial movements after the First WorldWar that can be seen as the "spring of the colonial nations". This detailed account of the uprising, and its eventual failure, explores the cosmopolitan nationalism embraced by the White Flag League, the movement that sparked the revolution, and its ability to attract people from diverse origins, classes and professions. It examines the international genesis of the movement; the strategies put in place to spread it in different areas of Sudan and among different groups; the movement's inclusive ideology and its definition of the Sudanese nation, as well as the limitations to its inclusiveness; and the way in which this episode reveals deeper questions relating to origins, social hierarchies and power. The book also unravels the complex history of the memory of 1924, the politics of its representation and the underlying power struggles that saw 1924 largely lost from the historical record. ElenaVezzadini is a historian of modern Sudan affiliated to the Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Bergen, and Institut des Mondes Africains, Paris.Trade Review[A]s a well-documented case study utilizing major conceptual frameworks for analysis, Lost Nationalism is a useful contribution to understanding nationalism and revolution in the modern world. * CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES *The Arabic and English, textual and visual, primary and secondary sources on which Vezzadini was able to draw for this study, while extraordinarily rich and abundant, were also challenging and complex. Her painstaking analysis of them in their Sudanese contexts as well as from the vantage point of a wide range of relevant comparative and theoretical scholarship is nothing less than impressive. * INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *Table of ContentsPrologue Introduction: Nationalism and Memory, A Lost Revolution - PART 1: THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN SUDAN 1919-1923: Transnational Perspectives Rethinking Nationalism in Colonial Sudan The Spring of the Colonial Nations - PART 2: THE REVOLUTION OF 1924: Organization of the Movement and its Spread to the Provinces The 1924 Revolution The White Flag League: The Structure of the Nationalist Movement 1924 in Port Sudan and El Obeid - PART 3: IDEOLOGY AND STRATEGIES "The word is for the Nation alone": Telegrams, Petitions and Political Writings A Community of Protestors: Symbols, Songs and Emotions - PART 4: THE 1924 PROTESTORS: Reconsidering Social Bonds after the First World War The Sociology of Colonial Education and the 1924 Insurgents A Military Elite: the Army in the 1924 Revolution "I was very famous in suq al-'arabi": Nationalism and Sudanese Workers Conclusion Epilogue: The Colonial Gaze, History and the Archives

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Book SynopsisFirst full-length history of the Oromo 1300-1700; explains their key part in the medieval Christian kingdom and demonstrates their importance in shaping Ethiopian history. This revisionary account of the Oromo people and the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia transforms our perception of the country's development, rebutting the common depiction of the Oromo as no more than a destructive force and demonstrating their significant role in shaping the course of Ethiopian history. Tracing the early history of the Oromo as part of the Cushitic language speaking family of peoples, it establishes that they were neither foreigners nor newcomers to Ethiopia, but have been an integral part of the indigenous population since at least the first half of the 14th century. The massive 16th-century pastoral Oromo population movement revolutionized relations between the Christians and the Oromo. During the long process of assimilation that followed, with periods of both war and peace in central and southern Ethiopia, Oromo society was able to absorb and assimilate Cushitic and Semitic languagespeakers and Oromize them through the open, democratic and egalitarian Gada system; while in northern Ethiopia the Oromo themselves were absorbed into Christian Amhara society. Mohammed Hassen is Associate Professor in the Department of History, Georgia State University. His books include The Oromo of Ethiopia: A History, 1570 to 1860 (Cambridge University Press, 1990). He is a Contributing Editor of The Journal of Oromo Studies and The Horn of Africa journal.Trade ReviewWill surely become obligatory reading for specialists and the wider public who are interested in Ethiopian history. It will also encourage new approaches in the study of the so-called medieval period of Ethiopia, when the modern Ethiopian nation established its roots. * ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW *[A] carefully argued book that challenges us to reevaluate Ethiopian and Oromo history through a different lens. It clarifies a lot of issues and provides a highly needed scholarly reference on the early presence of the Oromo in the central Ethiopian highlands. * AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW *Hassen offers a history of Ethiopia that has a far different point of view than what other historians, both contemporary and modern, have presented. It is one seen through the eyes of the Oromo. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction Early Interactions among the Oromo, Christian and Muslim Peoples: Traditions and Institutions Oromo Peoples in the Medieval Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia before 1500 The Homelands of the Pastoral Oromo before 1500 The Pastoral Oromo Confront the Christian Kingdom c.1440s-1559 Movements of Pastoral Oromo into the Christian Kingdom 1559-1600 Abba Bahrey's Zenahu Le Galla and its Impact on Emperor Za-Dengel's War against the Oromo 1603-1604 The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom 1600-1618 Oromo Christianization, Conflict and Identity 1618-1700 Epilogue

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Book SynopsisExamines how the lives of pastoralists in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia are deeply affected by the creation of mutually exclusive ethnic territories and proposes ways to reverse this trend. This study, based on anthropological field research over a period of thirty-four years, focuses on pastoralism, politics, policies and development in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. The authors present a detailed ethnographic view of recent events of ethnic violence in Kenya and analyse how local patterns of conflict among pastoralists were influenced by both national and regional politics, which have encouraged an increased tendency of territorialized ethnicity. They propose ways of getting out of the ethnic trap and revitalizing a mobile livestock economy in a region where other forms of land use are impossible or much less effective. A companion volume to Islam andEthnicity in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia, it will be of particular interest to political anthropologists, students of nomadism, pastoral economy ecology, and globalization. Günther Schlee is director of the Department of 'Integration and Conflict', Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany; Abdullahi Shongolo is an independent scholar based in Kenya.Trade ReviewThe best reference book for political scientists, historians and administrators who seek to understand the critical issues driving conflict and impeding development in any interethnic pastoralist community in East Africa. * AETHIOPICA *Has profound implications for understanding 'tribalism' in Kenyan politics [and provides] invaluable insight into the regional context, as well as useful analyses for those researching ethnic conflict and policy implications in other parts of the world. * LUCAS BULLETIN *Table of ContentsIntroduction - Günther Schlee Moi Era Politics, Transnational Relations & the Territorialization of Ethnicity - Günther Schlee and Abdullahi A. Shongolo The Post-Moi Period (2002-2007) - Günther Schlee and Abdullahi A. Shongolo Feedbacks & Cross-fertilizations: the 'Declaration of Indigenous Communities of Mylae District' - Günther Schlee Some Comparative Perspectives, Conclusions & Recommendations - Günther Schlee

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Book SynopsisAnalyses on-going movements against inequality and injustice in South Africa to show how these are rooted in its early history, anti-apartheid resistance and struggles for independence. In 1994, the first non-racial elections in South Africa brought Nelson Mandela and his African National Congress to office; elections since have confirmed the ANC's hold, both popular and legitimate, on power. Yet, at the same time, South Africa has one of the highest rates of protest and dissent in the world - underscored by the police shooting of 34 striking miners at Marikana in 2012 - regions of deep poverty and environmental degradation, rising inequality and high unemployment rates. This book looks at this paradox by examining the precise character of the post-apartheid state, and the roots of the hope that something better than the semi-liberation that the ANC has presided over must not be long delayed - both within the ANC itself and within the broader society of South Africa. The authors present a history of South Africa from earliest times, with today's post-apartheid society interpreted andunderstood in the context of and through the lens of its earlier history. Following the introduction, which offers an analytical background to the narrative that follows, they track the course of South African history: from its origins to apartheid in the 1970; through the crisis and transition of the 1970s and 1980s to the historic deal-making of 1994 that ended apartheid; to its recent history from Mandela to Marikana, with increasing signs of social unrest and class conflict. Finally, the authors reflect on the present situation in South Africa with reference to the historical patterns that have shaped contemporary realities and the possibility of a 'next liberation struggle'. Shortlisted for the 2014 Tamara and Isaac Deutscher Prize John S. Saul is Professor Emeritus at York University (Canada). Patrick Bond is Senior Professor of Development Studies and Director of the Centre forCivil Society at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (Durban). Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland & Botswana): JacanaTrade ReviewReaders are presented with illuminating, insightful, and fascinating scholarly discussions of the evolution of white settler colonialism and the brutal politics of segregation and white supremacist politics. Saul and Bond provide excellent historiographic references to many sides of the debate in this frank, iconoclastic, rigorous scholarly discourse. Highly recommended. * CHOICE *Table of ContentsIntroduction: South Africa in History by John S. Saul and Patrick Bond - PART I WHAT'S PAST IS PROLOGUE: FROM THE BEGINNINGS TO 1994 - John S. Saul The Making of South Africa ... and Apartheid, to 1970 - John S. Saul The Transition: The Players Assemble, 1970-1990 - John S. Saul The Apartheid Endgame, 1990-1994 - John S. Saul PART II THE PRESENT AS HISTORY: POST-APARTHEID & POST-1994 - Patrick Bond Contradictions Subside then Deepen: Accumulation and Class Conflict, 1994-2000 - Patrick Bond Consolidating the Contradictions: From Mandela to Marikana, 2000-2012 - PART III CONCLUSIONS: THE FUTURE AS HISTORY - Patrick Bond Uneven and Combined Resistance: Marikana and The Trail to 'Tunisia Day' 2020 - Patrick Bond Liberating Liberation: The Struggle against Recolonization in South Africa - John S. Saul

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Book SynopsisRe-envisages what we know about African political economies through its examination of one of the key questions in colonial and African history, that of commercial agriculture and its relationship to slavery. This book considers commercial agriculture in Africa in relation to the trans-Atlantic slave trade and the institution of slavery within Africa itself, from the beginnings of Afro-European maritime trade in the fifteenth century to the early stages of colonial rule in the twentieth century. For Europeans, the export of agricultural produce represented a potential alternative to the slave trade from the outset and there was recurrent interest in establishing plantations in Africa or in purchasing crops from African producers. This idea gained greater currency in the context of the movement for the abolition of the slave trade from the late eighteenth century onwards, when the promotion of commercial agriculture in Africa was seen as a means of suppressing the slave trade. Robin Law is Emeritus Professor of African History, University of Stirling; Suzanne Schwarz is Professor of History, University ofWorcester; Silke Strickrodt is a Visiting Research Fellow in the Department of African Studies and Anthropology at the University of Birmingham.Trade Review[T]his volume is the new and best gateway for students, non-Africanist historians, and specialists alike into the scholarly history of this subfield, its emergent (and enduring) debates, and state-of-the-art case studies that stimulate new theorizing. * INT'L JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *[These essays] add much information about the African economies from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries, as well as provide new insights into the Atlantic Economy in these years. This is an important collection of first-rate essays. * EH.NET *'[Looks]... at one of the most perplexing questions in world history: as so many of the crops which were cultivated in the Americas by African slave labour were grown or could be grown in Africa, why were the costs and the horrors of the Middle Passage undertaken? ... It is a problematic that demands a serious discussion of what we know about African political economies in the last half of the last millennium AND a real command of the intentions and understandings of the 'merchants trading into Africa'...This will prove, at least I hope it will prove, to be a much-discussed book. It is a fine collection and it is a major collection.' - Professor Richard Rathbone, Emeritus Professor and Professorial Research Associate, * SOAS *'Though many books deal with the so-called transition in West Africa from slave trading to legitimate trade, none has such a valuable, direct focus on the role of commercial agriculture in the process. One learns an enormous amount about slavery, slave-trading, the Atlantic slave trade, and the movement to abolish slave trading and slavery from reading this book. This book is of critical importance to each of these topics or sub-fields. -- Professor Donald Wright, Distinguished Teaching Professor of History, State University of New YorkTable of ContentsIntroduction The slave trade and commercial agriculture in an African context - David Eltis São Tomé and Príncipe: The first plantation economy in the tropics - Gerhard Seibert The export of rice and millet from Upper Guinea into the 16th-century Atlantic trade - Toby Green 'Our indico designe': Planting and processing indigo for export, Upper Guinea coast, 1684-1702 - Colleen E Kriger 'There's nothing grows in the West Indies but will grow here': European projects of plantation agriculture on the Gold Coast, 1650s-1780s - Robin Law The origins of 'legitimate commerce' - Christopher Brown Friederichsnopel: A Danish project of commercial agriculture on the Gold Coast, 1788-1793 - Per Hernaes 'The Colony has made no progress in agriculture': Contested perceptions of agriculture in the colonies of Sierra Leone and Liberia - Bronwen Everill Church Missionary Society projects of agricultural improvement in the 19th century: Sierra Leone and Yorubaland - Kehinde Olabimtan Agricultural Enterprise and Unfree Labour in Nineteenth-Century Angola - Roquinaldo Ferreira Commercial agriculture and the ending of slave-trading and slavery in West Africa, 1780s-1920s - Gareth Austin

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Book SynopsisExamines key contemporary accounts of the civil war and a range of subsequent texts to reveal the ideas behind the conflict and how these frame the understandings of what took place and what it means for contemporary Nigeria. The Nigeria-Biafra War lasted from 6 July 1966 to 15 January 1970, during which time the post-colonial Nigerian state fought to bring the South-Eastern region, which had seceded as the State or Republic of Biafra, back into the newly independent but ideologically divided nation. This volume discusses the trends and methodologies in the civil war writings, both fictional and non-fictional, and is the first to analyse in detail the intellectual and historical circumstances that helped to shape these often contentious texts. The recent high-profile fictional account by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in Half of a Yellow Sun was preceded by works by Ken Saro-Wiwa, Elechi Amadi, Kole Omotoso, Wole Soyinka, Flora Nwapa, Buchi Emecheta, Chukwuemeka Ike and Chris Abani, all of which strongly convey the horrific human cost of the war on individuals and their communities. The non-fictional accounts, including Chinua Achebe's last work There Was a Country, are biographies, personal accounts and essays on the causes and course of the war, its humanitarian crises and the collaboration of foreign nations. The contributors examine writers' and protagonists' use of contemporary published texts as a means of continued resistance and justification of the war, the problems of objectivity encountered in memoirs, and how authors' backgrounds and sources determine thekinds of biases that influenced their interpretations, including the gendered divisions in Nigeria-Biafra War scholarship and sources. By initiating a dialogue on the civil war literature, this volume engages a much-needed discourse on the problems confronting a culturally diverse post-war Nigeria. Toyin Falola is the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities and University Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University ofTexas at Austin; Ogechukwu Ezekwem is a PhD student in the Department of History, University of Texas at Austin.Trade ReviewAn engaging and often enlightening exploration of the Biafran war's cultural and intellectual history. * AFRICA IN WORDS *Table of ContentsScholarly Trends, Issues, and Themes: Introduction PART I ON THE HISTORY OF THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR - Toyin Falola Scholarly Trends, Issues, and Themes: Introduction PART I ON THE HISTORY OF THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR - Ogechukwu Ezekwem Background to the Nigerian Civil War - G.N. Uzoigwe Connecting Theory with Reality: Understanding the Causes of the Nigeria-Biafra War - Ogechi E. Anyanwu The Ahiara Declaration and the Fate of Biafra in a Postcolonial/Bi-Polar World Order - Raphael Chijioke Njoku The Ahiara Declaration: Polemics and Politics PART II CRITICAL DEBATES ON THE NIGERIAN CRISIS - Austine Okwu Beyond the Blame-Game: Theorizing the Nigeria-Biafra War - Bukola Oyeniyi Confronting the Challenges of Nationhood in Pre-Biafra Texts: Newspaper Narratives on the Eve of War - Wale Adebanwi Literary Separatism: Ethnic Balkanization in Nigeria-Biafra War Literature - Akachi Odoemene Local Writers and Commitments to Ethnic Sentiments Part III THE WAR IN FICTION, MEMOIR & IMAGINATION - Olukunle Ojeleye Memoirs and the Question of Objectivity: Revisiting Alexander Madiebos' The Nigerian Revolution & the Biafran War & Robert Colliss's Nigeria in Conflict - Christian Chukwuma Opata "War is War": Recreating the Dreams and Nightmares of the Nigeria-Biafra War through the Eyes of Ken Saro-Wiwa's Sozaboy - Cyril I. Obi First, There Was a Country, Then There Wasn't: Reflections on Achebe's There was a Country - Biodun Jeyifo Ethnic Minorities and the Biafran National Imaginary in Chukwuemeka Ike's Sunset at Dawnand Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun - Meredith Coffey Biafra in the Irish Imagination: War and Famine in Banville's An End to Flight and Forristal's Black Man's Country - Fiona Bateman Magical Realism or Science Fiction: The Nigerian Civil War and Ali Mazrui's The Trial of Christopher Okigbo - Alabi Adetayo Biafra, an Impractical Mission? Revisiting S.O. Mezu's Behind the Rising Sun and I.N.C. Aniebo's The Anonymity of Sacrifice

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Book SynopsisA uniquely detailed portrayal of the formative years of Tanzania's first president and the influences that led him to enter politics. Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922-1999), the first President of Tanzania, was a man whose political life was uniquely and inextricably bound into the history of the nation he created. This book presents the first truly rounded portrait of Nyerere's early life, from his birth in 1922 until his graduation from Edinburgh in 1952, enabling us to see his later political achievements in a new light. It was after returning to Tanganyika that "Mwalimu" (the teacher)formally entered politics, and led efforts to deliver Tanganyika to independence. Drawing on interviews with his contemporaries and archival sources including his letters as a student and colonial authorities files on him, this biography brings a new perspective on how the scholarship that Nyerere engaged with as a young man influenced his ideas of the uhuru movement against colonial rule and, later, the ujamaa policy of African socialism that so defined his leadership of an independent Tanzania. Thomas Molony is Senior Lecturer in African Studies at the University of Edinburgh.Trade ReviewOffers a detailed, entertaining account of the life and ideas of one of Africa's greatest statesmen that reaches far earlier than this, and makes a valuable contribution to Africa's political history as a result. * AFRICA AT LSE BLOG *A major contribution to the field. * THE ROUND TABLE *A well-researched, scholarly, yet highly-readable, work about one of the most remarkable, but least understood, African leaders of the last century. How welcome it is.... A wonderful book and one that should be on the shelves of universities and secondary schools not only in Africa but in those countries in the Commonwealth where African studies are underway.. . This is a book that any serious student of Africa in the 20th century should read in order to better understand the way that the massive influence of the Roman Catholic Church had on the life of Julius Nyerere. -- Trevor Grundy * POLITICSWEB/Africa Unauthorised *It is an effective chronicle of a young man who excelled in school, took Roman Catholic missionary instruction, received a degree from Makerere College in Uganda, received another undergraduate degree from the University of Edinburgh, and returned home to teach secondary school and help create an independent republic. Recommended. * CHOICE *Affords one insights into what could have formed, and informed, Nyerere's later political agenda and action... The value of this book is that it suggests a multiplicity of influences, from village life in a very traditional setting to the influence of Catholicism and to the best education the West could offer... Dr Thomas Molony helps us to broaden and deepen our knowledge. The East African * . *Table of ContentsButiama The Abandoned Place Musoma and Tabora: Kambarage, Spirit of the Rain Makerere: Becoming Julius Return to Tabora: African Associations Scotland: Great Conceptions Edinburgh and Uhuru: Politics, Philosophy and Economics Edinburgh and Ujamaa: History and Anthropology London and Pugu: Teaching and Politics The Early Years: Legacy and Reappraisal Appendix: Select Biographies

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Book SynopsisA novel study of the complex connections between Nelson Mandela and the nationalist leadership in the ANC with their kinsmen inside the Transkei Bantustan state, that reveals the significance of ethnic belonging, so important in African history. At a time of increasing regional fractures within the African National Congress, Mandela's Kinsmen provides a timely study of South Africa's nationalist elite. Whilst mass protests against apartheid were forged in the crucible of township and trade union politics, Gibbs focuses on Mandela's fraught relationships to his kinsmen inside apartheid's foremost "tribal" Bantustan, the Transkei. He uncovers the enduring connections between the nationalist elites and the chieftaincy areas, and argues the enduring institutional legacies of the Bantustans continue to shape post-apartheid South Africa. Timothy Gibbs is a Lecturer in African History, University College London. Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland & Botswana): JacanaTrade ReviewA study such as this one has several important implications.it illuminates the shades of grey that are so common in history but so easily overlooked. * THE ROUND TABLE *An extraordinarily rich book . . . An essential text for research library collections and scholars working on South African political history and contemporary politics (for there is much evidence that these networks continue to run through the present-day ANC and its rivals), and would also be suited for advanced graduate students. * INT'L JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *Gibbs . . . offers one of the few sustained discussions of nationalism and rural politics in South Africa, from the beginning of apartheid during the 1950s to the politics of chieftainship and tribalism today. * JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY *In this compelling study of Nelson Mandela's kinsmen, Timothy Gibbs brings to life the powerful role that the Transkei, a former South African homeland skirting the country's eastern coast, had played in the nation's liberation struggle. . . . In this web of intrigue that Gibbs spins together, he shows how the environment and the values inculcated from it played a large political role in the connections and relationships of people who would not have met ordinarily. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Gibbs's book provides a refreshing challenge to studies of insurgency that are rooted exclusively in economic factors or rational choice methodologies. . Gibbs makes important contributions to both the literature on insurgency and to the study of South African politics. * THE JOURNAL OF MODERN AFRICAN STUDIES *The Transkei was a Potemkin state; this book effectively chronicles how it really functioned and how it related to Mandela, the African National Congress, and South Africa as a whole. Summing up: Highly recommended. * CHOICE *'An important contribution to the field of recent South African history... breaks new scholarly ground in its exploration of the ambiguous relationship between the ANC and Bantustan elites.' - -- Colin Bundy, Honorary Fellow, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford'Superbly done. It will gain a wide and deserved large readership, and a respected one, within South Africa and academia generally.' - -- Roger Southall, Professor Emeritus in Sociology, University of the WitwatersrandTable of ContentsIntroduction: Mandela's Kinsmen Education, Monarchy and Nationalism The First Bantustan, 1954-1963 The Second Peasants' Revolt, Mpondoland 1960-1980 The Old Mission Schools, 1963-1980 The Comrade-King, Bantustan Politics, 1964-1980 Chris Hani's Guerrillas, 1974-1987 The Apartheid Endgame, 1987-1996 The New South Africa and Transkei's Collapse, 1990 onwards Conclusion: African Nationalism and its Fragments

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Book SynopsisA detailed examination of the role of two critical non-state groups in the Liberian Civil War peace process - the diaspora and the religious - that provides key insights for policymakers and NGOs into the roles that civil societyactors can play in conflict resolution and peacemaking. Throws light on the role of several key agents in bringing to an end one of the darkest episodes in post-independence African history.' Ebenezer Obadare, University of Kansas Until the 1990s, conflict resolution and peacemaking fell to states, the UN and other intergovernmental organizations. In recent times it is non-armed, non-state actors who have had a pivotal role in seeking to resolve civil wars in Africa. This book examines, for the first time, through an examination of the Liberian Civil War in particular, how non-state actors have impacted upon peace processes. The Liberian Civil War was the first post-Cold War intra-state conflict in West Africa and exemplified the "new wars" breaking out on the continent. The peace process that followed showed how future peacemaking processes might evolve, being not only the first in which a regional economic grouping had a role - in this case ECOWAS - but also involving non-state religious and diaspora actors. Religious actors, initiators of the Liberian peace process, were mediators, dialogue facilitators, watchdogs and trustees of the entire peace process. Although their efforts were mainly influenced by the desire to fulfil the divine mandate to "tend to the flock", they were also able to regain some of the societal influence that organized religion, especially Christianity, enjoyed during the 158 years of minority Americo-Liberian rule. Diaspora actors' roles ranged from being founders and sponsors of warring factions to providing succour to Liberians back home through remittances and engaging in the peace process. Babatunde T. Afolabi is a Senior Programme Manager at the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD). He had previously worked at the ECOWAS Commission where he was involved in peace processes across West Africa.Trade Review[P]rovides a rich literature on the role of civil society in peacekeeping that could provide valuable lesson on how civil society can play a pivotal role in the re-engineering of societies and polity as is the case of Liberia. I recommend this book to students and academics who are interested in the nature of peacemaking in developing states and to policy analysts and other practitioners who are engaged in projects that are related to the role of non-state actors in conflict resolution and peacekeeping in Africa. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *This book is an invaluable resource and is recommended for scholars of civil society, peace and security, and makers of policy both in and outside Africa. * JOURNAL OF MIGRATION STUDIES *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Politics of Diaspora Groups' Involvement in the Liberian Peace Processes Civil Society and its Engagement with the Liberian Peace Process Liberia's Evolution and the Descent into Civil War The Liberian Civil War: Interests, Actors and Interventions Religious Actors and the Peace Process The Diaspora and the Manifestation of Interests during the Peace Process Conclusion

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Book SynopsisGives voice to the conscripts who are forced to serve indefinitely without remuneration under the ENS in a powerful critical survey of its effect from the Liberation Struggle to today. The Eritrean National Service (ENS) lies at the core of the post-independence state, not only supplying its military, but affecting every aspect of the country's economy, its social services, its public sector and its politics. Over half the workforce are forcibly enrolled into it by the government, driving the country's youth to escape national service by seeking employment and asylum elsewhere. Yet how did the ENS, which began during the 1961-91 liberation struggle as part of the idea of the "common good" - in which individual interests were sacrificed in pursuit of the grand scheme of independence and the country's development - degenerate into forced labour and a modern form ofslavery? And why, when Eritrea no longer faces existential threat, does the government continue to demand such service from its citizens? This book provides for the first time an in-depth and critical scrutiny of the ENS'sachievements and failures and its overarching impact on the social fabric of Eritrea. The author discusses the historical backdrop to the ENS and the rationales underlying it; its goals and objectives; its transformative effects,as well as its impact on the country's defence capability, national unity, national identity construction and nation-building. He also analyses the extent to which the national service functions as an effective mechanism of transmitting the core values of the liberation struggle to the conscripts and through them to the rest of country's population. Finally, the book assesses whether the core aims and objectives of the ENS proclaimed by various governmentshave been or are in the process of being accomplished and, drawing on the testimony of the hitherto voiceless conscripts themselves, its impact on their lives and livelihoods. GAIM KIBREAB is Professor of Research andDirector of Refugee Studies, School of Law and Social Science, London South Bank University. He is the author of Eritrea: A Dream Deferred (James Currey, 2009) and People on the Edge in the Horn (James Currey, 1996).Trade ReviewA detailed and comprehensive assessment of this central instrument of state power in Eritrea...drawing on survey and interview data collected from former ENS conscripts, now living abroad, the book presents a deeply complex picture of the programme and its influence. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *This book makes a vital contribution to an important and pressing political and social issue that is impacting millions of people in today's Eritrea. . . . I applaud the author for making this timely and important contribution to the current literature on Eritrea migration, refugees, national service, and human rights studies. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *Kibreab deserves praise for raising awareness concerning the predicament faced by an entire generation of Eritrean youth. * AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW *Table of ContentsForeword by Christopher Clapham Introduction National/Military Service in Africa: Theories and Concepts The Government and the Structure of the Eritrean Defence Force The Nature of the ENS and its Effectiveness as a Fighting Force The ENS as a Mechanism for Preserving and Transmitting the Core Values of the Liberation Struggle The Eritrean National Service: A Vehicle for National Unity and Cohesion The Eritrean National Service and Forced Equality The Overarching Impact of the ENS on the Social Fabric of Eritrean Society Impact of the Open-Ended ENS on Families and Conscripts Conclusion

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Book SynopsisA lively historical account of the rise of Ethiopia's student movement by one of those involved, its role in overthrowing the imperial regime, and its impact on the shaping of the country's future. Finalist for the Bethwell A. Ogot Book Prize to the author of the best book on East African Studies, 2015. In the second half of the 1960s and the early 1970s, the Ethiopian student movement became the major oppositionforce against the imperial regime in Ethiopia, ultimately playing a fundamental role in the shaping of the country's future political and social development. Bahru Zewde, one of the students involved in the uprising, draws on interviews with former student leaders and activists, as well as documentary sources, to describe the steady radicalisation of the movement, characterised particularly after 1965 by annual demonstrations against the regime and culminating in the ascendancy of Marxism-Leninism by the early 1970s. In 1969, the students broached what came to be famously known as the "national question", ultimately resulting in the adoption of the Leninist/Stalinist principle of self-determination up to and including secession. On the eve of the revolution, the student movement abroad split into two rival factions - a split that would ultimately lead to the liquidation of both and the consolidation of military dictatorship. Bahru Zewde is Emeritus Professor of History at Addis Ababa University and founding Fellow and Vice President of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences. He has authored many books and articles, notably A History of Modern Ethiopia, 1855-1974 and Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia: The Reformist Intellectuals of the Early Twentieth Century. Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University PressTrade ReviewThe present work is a major contribution to the modern intellectual and political history of Ethiopia. . . . Bahru Zewde has produced a masterful and nuanced account of the origins, personalities, organizations, internecine debates, and tragic fates of the young intellectuals and activists who organized and led student opposition to the imperial regime. * INT'L JOURNAL OF AFRICAN HISTORICAL STUDIES *[A] masterful, long awaited, and authentic account. ... A remarkable, painstakingly researched, and insightful analysis. * AFRICA REVIEW OF BOOKS *Bahru Zewde's book provides a rich, nuanced history, analysis, and interpretation of this most radical student movement in Africa in the twentieth century. It is a remarkably well-crafted book; elegant, readable, engrossing, and comprehensive. * AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW *Must become the definitive account of the Ethiopian student movement. * ANGLO-ETHIOPIAN NEWS FILE *Impeccable. ... An impressive and comprehensive piece of scholarly work. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *Table of ContentsIntroduction Youth in Revolt The Political and Cultural Context In the Beginning: 'That Will be the Day, When...' The Process of Radicalization 1969: Prelude to Revolution Championing the Cause of the Marginalized: The National Question and the Woman Question Fusion and Fission: From Student Unions to Leftist Political Organizations Conclusion: The Legacy

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Book SynopsisA fresh analysis of the post-colonial war in Mozambique that contributes to debates about conflict, peacebuilding, development and nationalism and offers insights into the nature of contemporary politics and the current conflict. The 1976-1992 civil war which opposed the Government of Frelimo and the Renamo guerrillas (among other actors) is a central event in the history of Mozambique. Aiming to open up a new era of studies of the war, this book re-evaluates this period from a number of different local perspectives in an attempt to better understand the history, complexity and multiple dynamics of the armed conflict. Focusing at local level on either a province or a single village, the authors analyse the conflict as a "total social phenomena" involving all elements of society and impacting on every aspect of life across the country. The chapters examine Frelimo and Renamo as well as private, popular and state militias, the Catholic Church, NGOs and traders. Drawing on previously unexamined sources such as local and provincial state archives, religious archives, the guerrilla's own documentation and interviews, the authors uncoveralternative dimensions of the civil war. The book thus enables a deeper understanding of the conflict and its actors as well as offering an explanatory framework for understanding peacemaking, the nature of contemporary politics,and the current conflict in the country. Eric Morier-Genoud is a Lecturer in African history at Queen's University Belfast; Domingos Manuel do Rosário is Lecturer in electoral sociology and electoral governance at Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique; Michel Cahen is a Senior Researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) at Bordeaux Political Studies Institute and at the Casa de Velázquez in Madrid.Trade ReviewThe book provides a much-needed overview of the existing literature and new case studies drawing on longterm work and original materials. The analysis of Renamo documents, accounts of surviving villagers, interviews with militiamen, and religious archives, shines light on the spatial and temporal variations of the conflict, restores the agency of actors that had often been ignored or depicted as passive victims, and rehabilitates non-military dimensions of the war. This turns The War Within into the most complete yet synthetic account of the civil war and a necessary read. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *The War Within is a very well-researched, thought-provoking, well-written, and extremely engaging addition to the body of scholarship on Mozambique's civil war. * THE ROUND TABLE *The editors have done an excellent job of making the text open to general readers, while also engaging with the primary intended audience: scholars working on Mozambique. * JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN STUDIES *[...] outstanding contribution. * AFRICAN AFFAIRS *[...] this volume offers a welcome call for a new way of writing the history of Mozambique's civil war. * Canadian Journal of African Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Civil War in Mozambique - A history still to be written - Eric Morier-Genoud and Domingos Manuel do Rosário and Michel Cahen PART 1: IN THE NORTHERN HEART OF THE CIVIL WAR The Anti-Frelimo Movements and the War in Zambezia - Sérgio Inácio Chichava War to enforce a political project? Renamo in Nampula Province, 1983-1992 - Domingos Manuel do Rosário Spiritual power and the dynamics of war in the Provinces of Nampula and Zambézia - Corinna Jentzsch The War as seen by Renamo: Guerrilla politics and the "move to the North" at the time of the Nkomati Accord (1983-1985) - Michel Cahen PART II: IN THE SOUTH - ANOTHER KIND OF WAR? War in Inhambane: Re-shaping State, Society and Economy - Eric Morier-Genoud War Accounts from Ilha Josina Machel, Maputo Province - Lily Bunker Part III: INSIDE OUT: NEW PERSPECTIVES AND THE WORLD-SYSTEM Mozambique in the 1980s: Periphery goes Postmodern - Georgi Derluguian Conclusion: New perspectives on the civil war in Mozambique - Eric Morier-Genoud and Michel Cahen and Domingos Manuel do Rosário Towards a bibliography of the Mozambican Civil War - Eric Morier-Genoud and Michel Cahen and Domingos Manuel do Rosário

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Book SynopsisThe history of the often-overlooked chewa Ethiopian warriors and their crucial role in defending their homeland against invasion, as well as their strong influence on political identity and the social infrastructure. Today best known for their role in defending Ethiopia from Italian invasion 1935-41, chewa warriors protected Ethiopia for centuries. Yet, depicted by some 19th-century Western observers as little more than "a horde" of warmongers, and later suppressed by Ethiopian monarchs who sought to create a centralized modern state, their contribution has been neglected. Drawing on oral and written sources, as well as the zeraf poetry through which theyexpressed themselves, this book explores for the first time in depth the history, practices and principles of warriorhood of the chewa, and their wider influence on society and state. Often self-trained individuals who began by defending their communities, by the end of the 19th century there were chewa warrior groups from almost all linguistic groups who fought together to resist foreign invaders. Some chewa enrolled in the service of the Ethiopian "kings of kings", who organized them as named corps that supplemented the formal defence of the state. Today, chewa political identity, which transcended social, familial, political and other groupings, remains deeply rooted in Ethiopian society. Tsehai Berhane-Selassie taught Social Anthropology, Gender and Development Studies in universities in Ethiopia, the UK, the USA and Ireland. She is a former member of The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. Her publications include editing Gender Issues in Ethiopia.Trade ReviewIn Ethiopian Warriorhood: Defence, Land and Society, Tsehai Berhane-Selassie provides a nuanced analysis of the role of the chewa - voluntary, community supported warriors - in the evolution of the Ethiopian state. .[F]or historians of the Horn, this book provides a valuable analysis of state formation that shifts the focus from individual monarchs to a misunderstood group of intermediary actors, and adds a new layer to the complicated history of land rights in Ethiopia. * CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES / REVUE CANADIENNE DES ÉTUDES AFRICAINES *[Tsehai Berhane-Selassie's] book is a thoroughly researched contribution in the growing literature of Ethiopian social history. It is truly an insider view carefully drawn from oral testimonies such as heroic recitals and various written accounts of historical importance. .The study should truly interest academic scholars, policy makers, students, and education experts alike. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *The book (composed of ten chapters) is well written and extensively footnoted. [...] She [the author] should indeed be congratulated for her splendid contribution to Ethiopian studies. * Aethiopica *It is very recently that indigenous thought acquired currency in the scholarly world. Tsehai's current book is pioneering in this regard. [...]Her book is a thoroughly researched contribution in the growing literature of Ethiopian social history. It is truly an insider view carefully drawn from oral testimonies such as heroic recitals and various written accounts of historical importance. * African Studies Quarterly *Ethiopian Warriorhood provides a data-rich historical ethnography of an imperial institution. From a scholarly perspective, it is a very useful book for students of the modern history and anthropology of the Horn of Africa, as well as of comparative studies on conflict, militarism, and empire. * Journal of Royal Anthropological Institute *A vast and remarkable undertaking, Tsehai's book is a recommended reading for any serious student of Ethiopian history and for all who wish to understand Ethiopia's enduring traditions today. * Orientalistische Literaturzeitung *Table of ContentsPreface Introduction: Traditions of hierarchical warriorhood The historical context of emergent warriors Military lands and power politics Ecological roots of local leadership Social localities of emergent warriors Military training in sports, horsemanship and hunting Political authority and military power Zeraf: symbols and rituals of power and rebellion First Italian invasion, 1896 Guerrilla warfare, 1935-41 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive and authoritative history of work and labour in Africa; a key text for all working on African Studies and Labour History worldwide. Co-published with the International Labour Organization on the centenary of its founding in 1919, the General Labour History of Africa is a landmark in the study of labour history. It brings, for the first time, an African perspective within a global context to the study of labour and labour relations. The volume analyses key developments in the 20th century, such as the emergence of free wage labour; the transformation in labour relations; the role of capital and employers; labour agency and movements; the growing diversity of formal and informal or precarious labour; the meaning of work; and the impact of gender and age on the workplace. The contributors - eminent historians, anthropologists and social scientists from Africa, Europe and the United States - examine African labour in the context of labour and social issues worldwide: mobility and colonial and postcolonial migration, child and forced labour, security, the growth of entrepreneurial labour, the informal sector and self-employment, and the impact of trade unionism, welfare and state relations. The book discusses key sectors such as mining, agriculture, industry, transport, domestic work, and sport, tourism and entertainment, as well as the international dimension and the history and impact of the International Labour Organization itself. This authoritative and comprehensive work will be aninvaluable resource for historians of labour, social relations and African history. In association with the ILO Regional Office for Africa Stefano Bellucci is senior researcher at the International Instituteof Social History, Amsterdam, and lecturer in African History and Economy at Leiden University, the Netherlands; Andreas Eckert is Director of the International Research Centre for Work and the Human Life Cycle in Global History and professor of African history at Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.Trade ReviewThe editors have successfully conceived a volume that offers thorough geographic, conceptual and thematic coverage of this broad topic that also engages deep research. [.] It will be an essential resource for any scholars interested in the scholarly study of labor and work in Africa, whether approached as a comprehensive volume or through the important contributions made by the individual chapter authors. * CONNECTIONS *The volume analyses with great insight key developments and sectors over time, from the emergence of 'free' wage labour to proliferation of precarious labour and impact of gender on the workplace. [.] The collection will prove useful to non-specialists, and to specialists wanting to dip into areas with which they are not familiar. * LABOUR HISTORY *Table of ContentsIntroduction - Andreas Eckert Foreword: Cynthia Samuel-Olonjuwon, ILO Assistant Director General and Regional Director for Africa Introduction: The 'Labour Question' in Africanist Historiography - Stefano Bellucci and Andreas Eckert Part I: Free and Unfree Labour Wage labour - Andreas Eckert Precarious and Informal Labour - Franco Barchiesi Forced Labour - Babacar Fall and Richard L. Roberts Part II: Key Sectors Agriculture - Julia Tischler Mining - Carolyn A. Brown Industry and Manufacturing - Patrick Neveling Transport - Stefano Bellucci Part III: International Dimensions and Mobility The International Labour Organization - Luca Puddu and Daniel Roger Maul and Hakeem Ibikunle Tijani Labour Migration - Helena Pérez-Niño Part IV Varieties of Work Domestic Work - Deborah Fahy Bryceson Military and Pollice - Michelle R. Moyd and Joël Glasman Crime and Illegal Work - Laurent Fourchard White-Collar Workers - Dmitri van den Bersselaar Sport, Tourism and Entertainment - Andreas Admasie Part V: Entrepreneurs and Self-Employment Capitalists and Labour in Africa - Gareth Austin Entrepreneurial Labour - Sara S. Berry Professionals and Executives - Rory Pilossof Part VI: The State, Unions and Welfare Labour and the State - Akua O. Britwum and Leyla Dakhli Trade Unions - Bill Freund Social Welfare - Ben Scully and Rana Jawad Mutualism and Cooperative Work - Samuel A. Nyanchoga Part VII: Conclusions The Labour Question in Africa and the World - Frederick Cooper Select Bibliography

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Book SynopsisA powerful re-reading of modern South African history following apartheid that examines the violent transformation during the transition era and how this was enacted in the African townships of the Witwatersrand. In 1993 South Africa state president F.W. de Klerk and African National Congress (ANC) leader Nelson Mandela were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime". Yet, while bothdeserved the plaudits they received for entering the negotiations that led to the end of apartheid, the four years of negotiations preceding the April 1994 elections, known as the transition era, were not "peaceful": they were the bloodiest of the entire apartheid era, with an estimated 14,000 deaths attributed to politically related violence. This book studies, for the first time, the conflicts between the ANC and the Inkatha Freedom Party that took place in South Africa's industrial heartland surrounding Johannesburg. Exploring these events through the perceptions and memories of combatants and non-combatants from war-torn areas, along with security force members, politicians and violence monitors, offers new possibilities for understanding South Africa's turbulent transition. Challenging the prevailing narrative which attributes the bulk of the violence to a joint state security force and IFP assault against ANC supporters, the author argues for a more expansive approach that incorporates the aggression of ANC militants, the intersection between criminal and political violence, and especially clashes between groups alignedwith the ANC. Gary Kynoch is Associate Professor of History at Dalhousie University. He has written one previous book, We are Fighting the World: A History of the Marashea Gangs in South Africa, 1947-1999 (OhioUniversity Press, 2005). Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Zimbabwe and Swaziland): Wits University PressTrade ReviewKynoch's book is particularly interesting in that it is the first full-length monograph to focus on the industrial townships along the Eastern Witwatersrand as well as on the southern townships of the Vaal Triangle, which saw some of the fiercest fighting during that time. * ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW *Distinguishing Kynoch's book from both the comparative and country-specific literature is the impressive range of sources he uses. .[I]t is one of the great strengths of Kynoch's book to show how virtually everything was in flux in the Reef's townships during this period, including who were victims and perpetrators, what violence was used for, and whether violence was political, criminal, or both. * IJAHS *Gary Kynoch's excellent book adds considerably to historians' understandings of the 1990-94 period that saw approximately fourteen thousand deaths from political violence. Written in a clear style, it makes good use of oral histories as well as existing records of the period, especially those collected as part of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission * CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AFRICAN STUDIES / REVUE CANADIENNE DES ÉTUDES AFRICAINES *Township Violence and the End of Apartheid is rich in detail with narratives and evidence drawn from 156 in-depth interviews as well as archival sources (primarily testimony given to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission). The book gives voice to the forgotten (particularly hostel dwellers) and provides a rich and detailed account of an exceptionally traumatic time in our history. * TRANSFORMATION *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1 - War on the Reef Beginnings Rule of the Gun: The ANC and IFP at War Rule of the Gun: Violence on Multiple Fronts State Security Forces and Township Conflict Part 2 - Katlehong and Thokoza A Tale of Two Townships Combatant Testimonies Living in a War Zone Conclusion

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Book SynopsisA new history of the Basotho migrants in Zimbabwe that illuminates identity politics, African agency and the complexities of social integration in the colonial period. Tracing the history of the Basotho, a small mainly Christianised community of evangelists working for the Dutch Reformed Church, this book examines the challenges faced by minority ethnic groups in colonial Zimbabwe and how they tried to strike a balance between particularism and integration. Maintaining their own language and community farm, the Basotho used ownership of freehold land, religion and a shared history to sustain their identity. The author analyses the challenges they faced in purchasing land and in engaging with colonial administrators and missionaries, as well as the nature and impact of internal schisms within the community, and shows how their "unity in diversity"impacted on their struggles for belonging and shaped their lives. This detailed account of the experiences and strategies the Basotho deployed in interactions with the Dutch Reformed Church missionaries and colonial administrators as well as with their non-Sotho neighbours will contribute to wider debates about migration, identity and the politics of belonging, and to our understanding of African agency in the context of colonial and missionary encounters. Published in association with the British Institute in Eastern AfricaTrade ReviewLand, Migration and Belonging is a welcome contribution to the struggles over belonging in Southern Rhodesia by a migrant group that tried to strike a balance between ethnic particularism and integration. [.] It is important for anyone interested in rethinking identity and belonging in Zimbabwe and in the region. * SOUTHERN JOURNAL FOR CONTEMPORARY HISTORY *This very readable and informative book provides comprehensive coverage of the history of Basotho migrants. [...] The book is adding value to the history of southern Africa and movement of people from one place to another in the period under study. * African Studies Quarterly *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Basotho and the Politics of Belonging in Southern Rhodesia Evangelists, Migrants and "Progressive Africans" Colonial Displacements and the Establishment of Native Purchase Areas "Kubhetere": Bethel Farm and the Basotho's Belonging in the Dewure Purchase Areas Building a Community School: The Rise and Fall of Bethel School Adherents and Rebels: The Basotho and the Dutch Reformed Church Missionaries Epilogue: Uncertainty and the Basotho's Quest for Belonging

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Book SynopsisArgues that the historical primacy of youth politics in Limpopo, South Africa has influenced the production of generations of nationally prominent youth and student activists - among them Julius Malema, Onkgopotse Tiro, Cyril Ramaphosa, Frank Chikane, and Peter Mokaba. In 2015 and 2016 waves of student protest swept South African campuses under the banner of FeesMustFall. This book brings an historical perspective to the recent risings by analysing regional influences on the ideologies that haveunderpinned South African student politics from the 1960s to the present. The author considers the history of student organization in the Northern Transvaal (today Limpopo Province) and the ways in which students and youth in this relatively isolated area in the north of South Africa have influenced political change on a national scale, over generations. Organized around the stories of several key political actors, the book introduces the reader to critical spaces of political mobilization in the region. Among the most prominent is the University of the North at Turfloop, which played an integral role in building the South African Students' Organisation (SASO) in the late 1960s and propagating Black Consciousness in the 1970s. It became an ideological battleground where Black Consciousness advocates and ANC-affiliates competed for influence in the 1980s. Turfloop has remained politically significant in thepost-apartheid era: it was here in 2007 that Julius Malema stumped for Jacob Zuma's ascension to the presidency during the ANC's pivotal party conference that resulted in the ousting of Thabo Mbeki. The final two chapters address Malema's political ascension in regional branches of the Congress of South African Students (COSAS) and the ANC Youth League. Anne Heffernan is Assistant Professor in the History of Southern Africa at Durham University and a Research Associate of the History Workshop, University of the Witwatersrand. She is Co-editor of Students Must Rise: Youth Struggle in South Africa Before and Beyond Soweto '76 (Wits University Press, 2016). Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Zimbabwe and Swaziland): Wits University PressTrade ReviewHeffernan brings to the fore the rural and peripheral histories that have been marginalized in the national story of struggle.. The polity and the social structure of South Africa become more comprehensible, for this book aids, abets, and complements the reader in enriching the understanding of the past, present, and future of this nation at the southern tip of the African continent. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *[T]he book is an important contribution to the study of South African youth politics, offering a view of BC and Charterist politics from the perspective of the often-overlooked rural North. Drawing on twenty interviews and a range of archival sources, especially the rich material at the Wits Historical Papers Archive, Limpopo's Legacy spans the apartheid-post-apartheid divide to offer insights not only into the roots of South African politics, but into the contemporary period, too. * Africa Today *Table of ContentsIntroduction Turfloop, Crucible of Change Centre of the Storm Africanisation: The New Face of Turfloop Black Consciousness in Decline Congresses and Comrades Populism and the New Youth League Julius Malema and Youth Politics in the New Limpopo Epilogue: Legacies of Limpopo

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Book SynopsisCutting-edge research in the study of Islamic scholarship and its impact on the religious, political, economic and cultural history of Africa; bridges the "europhone"/"non-europhone" knowledge divides to significantly advance decolonial thinking, and extend the frontiers of social science research in Africa. The study of Islamic erudition in Africa is growing rapidly, transforming not just Islamic studies, but also African Studies. This interdisciplinary volume from leading international scholars fills a lacuna in presenting not only the history and spread of Islamic scholarship in Africa, but its current state and future concerns. Challenging the notion that Muslim societies in black Africa were essentially oral prior to the European colonial conquest at the turn of the 20th century, and countering the largely Western division of sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, the authors take an inclusive approach to advance our knowledge of the contribution of people of African descent to the life of Mecca. This book explores in depth the intellectual and spiritual exchanges between populations in the Maghreb, the Sahara and West Africa. A key theme is Islamic learning. The authors examine the madrasa as asite of knowledge and learning, the relationship between "diasporas" and Islamic education systems, female learning circles, and the use of ICT. Diversifying the study of Islamic erudition, the contributors look at the interactions between textuality and orality, female learning circles, the vernacular study of poetry and cosmological texts, and the role of Ajami - the use of Arabic script to transcribe 80 African languages. Africa: CerdisTrade ReviewIslamic Scholarship in Africa is a multifaceted, fascinating collection of essays alike indispensable for its empirical findings and for its theoretical framing. -- Journal of Islamic StudiesThis book is a collection of essays that not only presents existing works and new findings, but also opens up new directions in the field of Islamic scholarship in Africa. -- IslamochristianaIslamic Scholarship in Africa: New Directions and Global Contexts is an excellent contribution to an emerging discipline of Africana Muslim Studies. * Journal of Education in Muslim Societies *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Where have we been and where are we going in the Study of Islamic Scholarship in Africa? - Ousmane Oumar Kane PART I: HISTORY, MOVEMENT, & ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP Introduction - Zachary V. Wright The African Roots of a Global Eighteenth-Century Islamic Scholarly Renewal - Zachary V. Wright Muhammad al-Kashnawi and the Everyday Life of the Occult - Dahlia E.M. Gubara African Community and African 'ulama in Mecca: Al-Jami and Muhammad Surar al-Sabban (Twentieth Century) - Chanfi Ahmed The Transfomation of the Pilgrimage Tradition in West Africa - Ousmane Oumar Kane PART II TEXTUALITY, ORALITY, AND ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP Introduction - Oludamini Ogunnaike 'Those Who Represent the Sovereign in his Absence': Muslim Scholarship and the Question of Legal Authority in the pPre-Modern Sahara (Southern Algeria, Mauritania, Mali), 1750-1850 - Ismail Warscheid Philosophical Sufism in the Sokoto Caliphate: The Case of Shaykh Dan Tafa - Oludamini Ogunnaike "If all the Legal Schools were to Disappear": Umar Tal's Approach to Jurisprudence in Kitab al-Rimah - Farah el-Sharif A New African Orality? Tijani Sufism, Sacred Knowledge and the ICTs in Post-Truth Times - Antonio de Diego González The Sacred Text in Egypt's Popular Culture: Qur'anic Sounds, Meanings and Formation of Sakina-Sacred Space in Traditions of Poverty and Fear - Yunus Kumek PART III ISLAMIC EDUCATION Introduction - Britta Frede Modernizing the Madrasa: Islamic Education, Development and Tradition in Zanzibar - Caitlyn Bolton A New Daara: Integrating Qur'anic, Agricultural and Trade Education in a Community Setting - Laura L. Cochrane Islamic Education and the 'Diaspora': Religious Schooling for Senegalese Migrants' Children - Hannah Hoechner What does Traditional Islamic Education Mean? Examples from Nouakchott's Contemporary Female Learning Circles - Britta Frede PART IV AJAMI, KNOWLEDGE TRANSMISSION, & SPIRITUALITY Introduction - Jeremy Dell Bringing 'Ilm to the Common People: Sufi Vernacular Poetry and Islamic Education in Brava, c.1890-1959 - Alessandra Vianello Bringing 'Ilm to the Common People: Sufi Vernacular Poetry and Islamic Education in Brava, c.1890-1959 - Lidwien Kapteijns A Senegalese Sufi Saint and Ajami Poet: Sëriñ Moor Kayre (1874-1951) - Khadim Ndiaye Praise and Prestige: The Significance of Elegiac Poetry among Muslim Intellectuals on the Late Twentieth-Century Kenya Coast - Abdulkadir Hashim CONCLUSION: The Study of Islamic Scholarship and the Social Sciences in Africa: Bridging Knowledge Divides, Reframing Narratives - Ebrima Sall

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Book SynopsisExamines the historical, political, religious, and social dynamics of Muslim minority status in Uganda, and important themes of pre- and post-colonial political community, religion and national identity. Between 2012 and 2016 several Muslim clerics were murdered in Uganda: there is still no consensus as to who was responsible. In this book Joseph Kasule seeks to explain this by examining the colonial and postcolonial history of the Muslim minority and questions of Muslim identity within a non-Muslim state. Challenging prevalent scholarship that has homogenized Muslims' political identity, Kasule demonstrates that Muslim responses to power have been varied and multiple. Beginning with the pre-colonial political community in Buganda, and Muteesa I's attempted Islamization of the country using Islam as a centralizing ideology, the author discusses how the political status of Islam and Muslims in Uganda has been defined under successive regimes. Muteesa I's Islamization faltered when Christianity entered Buganda in the latter half of the 19th century, resulting in division between Muslim and Christian sections. The colonial period created a new type of political project that defined the Muslim question as one of representation, and Kasule discusses how this laid the foundation for a politics of Muslim containment within a predominantly Christian power. He examines contrasting urban-based Muslim organizations and rural expressions of Islam; tension between representative claims of Muslim leaderships within the demand for Muslim autonomy; and the rise of new reform groups. As these splits turned violent, 'new' Muslim 'publics' emerged around opposing centres of Muslim power which sought different resolutions to their minority situation. East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi): Makerere Institute of Social ResearchTrade ReviewKasule's work will stand the test of time and become a reference for the future of African studies in general and more particularly the Islamic identity of Uganda. The author must be applauded for his scholarly contribution to this field of study. -- Abdul Hai * Islamic Literary Society *Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Islam in Pre-Colonial Buganda 3. Muslim Communities in the Colonial Era 4. Milton Obote Founds his Muslim Alliance 5. Idi Amin Attempts to Islamize the State 6. Islamic Reform and Intra-Muslim Violence 7. NRM Statecraft and Muslim Subjects 8. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisFirst comprehensive account of the origins and early history of the Chewa as revealed by oral tradition and archaeology that allows a more accurate picture of a pre-literate society. The Chewa are the largest ethnic group in Malawi, representing a third of the population of approximately 19 million, and their language - Chichewa - is Malawi's national language. Yet the last book on the history of this group was published in 1944, and was based on oral history, or tradition. As with much African history, oral history started to be recorded only in the late 19th century. This is the first book to use not only oral history, but also documents written by early Portuguese explorers, traders and government officials, as well as archaeology, to piece together the early history of the Chewa. The author is an archaeologist, who discovered the first major Chewa settlement, Mankhamba, near the southern part of Lake Malawi. His excavations have enabled a more scientific chronology of the migrations of the Chewa into what is today Malawi and have provided physical proof of their early history as well as their material and spiritual culture and way of life. Professor Yusuf Juwayeyi has written and documented a very readable history and description of archaeology, which reveals the value of combining oral tradition together with archaeology to arrive at a more accurate picture of the history of a pre-literate society. This book will be of value not only to historians, archaeologists and anthropologists, but also the general reader interested in Africanhistory. YUSUF M. JUWAYEYI is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York. South Africa: UCT PressTrade ReviewThe book makes a contribution relevant to both specialist audiences and to Malawian citizens. [...] The volume has much to recommend it. The structure of the chapters includes accessible summaries for nonspecialists. The volume is richly illustrated with some fifty-five black-and-white photographs, maps, figures, and tables. * H-Africa *This book is not a site report; that was published a decade ago (Juwayeyi 2010). It is instead an accessible and well-written introduction for general readers with an interest in the history of Central Africa and it therefore includes a chapter on the aims and methods of archaeology, as well as a section tracing the development of both historical and archaeological studies of the Chewa from the colonial period to the present. * AZANIA *[T]here are many aspects to admire about this volume, including its audacity in intertwining oral traditions and archaeology. * Antiquity *The book's list of cited works is also a gold mine of references. Juwayeyi has provided an immensely multi-purpose text in The Archaeology and Oral Traditions of Malawi that will be of wide interest: for archaeologists looking to utilize Malawian material (and/or oral traditions), for historians looking to incorporate more archaeology into their research, for lecturers looking for accessible readings to bring into syllabi, or simply for readers with a general interest in Malawian/Chewa history. * African Archaeological Review *The multiple illustration figures Juwayeyi presents combine well with the author's easy-to-read language, making it easier to understand the arguments. This book should appeal to college students, scholars, and those working in departments of culture and antiquities. -- African Studies QuarterlyTable of ContentsIntroduction The Bantu Origins of the Chewa The Origins and Migrations of the Chewa According to their Oral Traditions Expansion of the Chewa According to their Oral Traditions The Practice of Archaeology The Iron Age Archaeology of the Southern Lake Malawi Area Discovery and Excavation of the Mankhamba Site Ceramic and Stone Objects Metal Objects and Beads Faunal Remains The Chewa at Mankhamba Long-distance Trade and the Rise of the Maravi Empire The Demise of the Maravi Empire Conclusion

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Book SynopsisExamines the creation and implementation of South Africa's National Peace Accord and this key transitional phase in the country's history, and its implications for peace mediation and conflict resolution. It is now 30 years since the National Peace Accord (NPA) was signed in South Africa, bringing to an end the violent struggle of the Apartheid era and signalling the transition to democracy. Signed by the ANC Alliance, the Government, the Inkatha Freedom Party and a wide range of other political and labour organizations on 14 September 1991, the parties agreed in the NPA on the common goal of a united, non-racial democratic South Africa, and provided practical means for moving towards this end: codes of conduct for political organizations and for the police, the creation of national, regional and local peace structures for conflict resolution, the investigation and prevention of violence, peace monitoring, socio-economic reconstruction and peacebuilding. This book, written by one of those involved in the process that evolved, provides for the first time an assessment and in-depth account of this key phase of South Africa's history. The National Peace Campaign set up under the NPA mobilized the 'silent majority' and gave peace an unprecedented grassroots identity and legitimacy. The author describes the formulation of the NPA by political representatives, with Church and business facilitators, which ended the political impasse, constituted South Africa's first experience of multi-party negotiations, and made it possible for the constitutional talks (Codesa) to start. She examines the work of the Goldstone Commission, which prefigured the TRC, as well as the role of international observers from the UN, EU, Commonwealth and OAU. Exploring the work of the peace structures set up to implement the Accord - the National Peace Committee and Secretariat, the 11 Regional Peace Committees and 263 Local Peace Committees, and over 18,000 peace monitors - Carmichael provides a uniquely detailed assessment of the NPA, the on-the-ground peacebuilding work and the essential involvement of the people at its heart. Filling a significant gap in modern history, this book will be essential reading for scholars, students and others interested in South Africa's post-Apartheid history, as well as government agencies and NGOs involved in peacemaking globally.Trade ReviewThis illuminating study shows the complexities and rewards of the peace process...Highly recommended. * CHOICE *Carmichael's unique perspective informs her narrative of the NPA's creation, viewed from the perspective of the people at its heart. Throughout, the book spotlights the contributions of civil society actors as Carmichael painstakingly clarifies the involvement of working groups and subcommittees, following their trailing of paperwork from resolutions to complaints procedures and even catering arrangements. This valuable resource will be of interest to anyone working on peace mediation and conflict resolution. * International Affairs *This book offers what few have accomplished: a nuanced and overarching exploration of both the promise and challenges of moving a whole society from protracted violent conflict toward enduring peace. Perhaps the most compelling aspect of this extraordinary book is found in its multi-faceted understanding of what is required of a transformational process, and always with the capacity to look back at the before, during, and after the formal accords were signed. The detail, integrity of research, and comprehensive nature make this a must-read for those interested in peace with justice. -- John Paul Lederach, University of Notre DameSouth Africa owes Dr Carmichael an enormous debt of gratitude for documenting, in such fascinating detail, this significant piece of South African history. -- Val Pauquet, National Peace Committee and Secretariat, 1991–1994An important contribution that not only provides a comprehensive account of the complexities of peacemaking and peacebuilding processes, but also adds considerable detail to the historical record about South Africa's transition from apartheid rule to democracy. Importantly, it not only includes the insights and views of the elites, but also those ordinary peacebuilders who were at the coalface of making and constructing peace in South Africa during the turbulent 1980s and 1990s. -- Guy Lamb, Stellenbosch UniversityLiz Carmichael's masterly account of the National Peace Accord shows the central importance of everyday actors - engaged citizens, church, union and business leaders - in building lasting peace in South Africa. ... Through interviews with key players and unearthing a little-known literature, Carmichael provides a compelling and provocative account of that critical period. This deepens our understanding of the peacemaking process in South Africa and highlights the vital role of everyday peacebuilders around the world. * Phil Clark, SOAS University of London *Documents an important aspect of the history of South Africa's transition to democracy and describes the interaction between South African civil society and its political actors in enabling its peace process. ... a useful resource not only for scholars in peace studies and South African history, but also for institutions and actors facing the task of making/building/forming peace. * Andries Odendaal, Institute of Justice and Reconciliation, Cape Town *A remarkable book that is enormously important for our history, and that will inform and inspire many other future peace processes. In 1994, South Africa and the world witnessed what Desmond Tutu called a miracle, a negotiated transition of power from a rogue Apartheid regime to a free multiracial democratically elected government headed by Nelson Mandela. This book explains how government, business, religious bodies and wider civil society worked together in local and regional peace committees across South Africa to keep the transition as peaceful as possible. As Liz Carmichael establishes without a doubt in this first full account, this feat would not have been possible without the National Peace Accord. -- Cedric de Coning, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and ACCORDThe National Peace Accord brought us from a life of violence under apartheid to a multifaceted quilt of warring parties working together to save lives and lay the foundation for South Africa's transition to a peaceful democracy in 1994. This book tells how it was done. -- Jay Naidoo, General Secretary of COSATU 1985–1993This is a timely book. It closes a gap in knowledge about what exactly happened during the period of the National Peace Accord and what its contribution was to the democratic order that emerged. There are fascinating insights into how the idea of 'peace' was contested, and the notion of peacebuilding as hybrid, driven both from below and above. This book shows how ordinary citizens and concerned individuals play a part in facilitating peace processes. It helps to recast the perspective from a single narrative of a major political party that delivered change, to the complexity of political change as shaped by multiple actors with different perspectives and skills, but a shared interest in building a stable future. I really enjoyed reading this. -- Mzukisi Qobo, University of the WitwatersrandSeldom has there been a political transition so profound as South Africa's transition from racist apartheid to democracy. South Africa's transition was all the more remarkable - and at the time surprising - for being largely peaceful. In this compelling and important book, Liz Carmichael offers a definitive account of the National Peace Accord which paved the way to peaceful transition. Combining rich insights from archives, interviews, and her own personal experience working with local peace committees, with a deep understanding of the difficult politics of peace-making, this book tells a gripping and ultimately hopeful story, one full of insight that reaches well beyond South Africa. It offers illumination for anyone concerned about peaceful political transitions. This is a book of genuine and lasting value, that demands to be read, and whose lessons must be learned. -- Alex Bellamy, University of QueenslandIt's the hitherto untold story of people who, finding themselves unexpectedly together and called upon without precedent or guidelines to prepare a safe climate for negotiations which in turn would be without precedent or guidelines, creatively and imaginatively invented pragmatic solutions. A strong story, strongly told by one of the key participants, it not only provides a key ingredient for understanding how precarious the transformation from apartheid to non-racial democracy was in South Africa, but offers rich lessons for securing foundations for peace processes throughout the world. -- Albie Sachs, former Judge on South Africa’s Constitutional CourtTable of ContentsForeword by Archbishop Desmond Tutu Introduction PART ONE: Peacemaking, Peacebuilding, and the South African Conflict 1 Peacemaking and Peacebuilding: situating South Africa 2 South Africa's Fractured Rainbow 3 Repression, Reform, Resistance, and Grassroots War PART TWO: Peacemaking 4 Churches, Business, Secret Talks 5 De Klerk becomes President, Mandela walks free 6 Deadlock and the President's Summit 7 Convening the Parties 8 Negotiating the National Peace Accord: the Process 9 Negotiating the National Peace Accord: the Agreements 10 National Peace Convention, 14 September 1991 PART THREE: Peacebuilding 11 National Peace Committee: Promoting Peace 12 National Peace Secretariat: Getting to Grassroots 13 Mobilizing the People, Making Peace Cool 14 Peace Monitoring: Building Peace on the Streets 15 Socio-economic Reconstruction and Development (SERD) 16 Building Peace in the Regions I: Natal/KwaZulu, Wits/Vaal 17 Building Peace in the Regions II: the Cape, OFS, and Transvaal 18 The Goldstone Commission 19 The Police Board, Community Policing, CPFs 20 A Role in Future Peacebuilding? 21 Conclusion: Impact and Unfinished Business

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Book SynopsisA compelling exploration of one of the most ill-advised and calamitous interventions in colonial development history. As colonial development took off after the Second World War, in the context of national food shortages, Britain's Labour Government initiated the Groundnut Scheme, an extraordinarily ambitious project to convert 3 million acres of bush in Tanganyika into the largest mechanized groundnut farm in the world. It was to prove the largest, most expensive and most disastrous development scheme ever undertaken by the British Government. Never previously analysed in depth, the author draws on a wide range of sources to discuss the political dynamics that drove the Groundnut Scheme forward, despite the gravest doubts of agriculturalists and economists, why it went wrong, and what its impact has been since on the practice of economic development. Initially employing the United Africa Company as agent, the government set up an Overseas Food Corporation to manage the Groundnut Scheme as an example of socialist development in Africa. Army surplus kit and demobbed soldiers poured into the country and were sent up the railway line to Kongwa to beat the bush. By the time the effort was abandoned in 1950, costs had risen to a colossal 36 million - equivalent to over 1 billion today - and yet almost no groundnuts had been exported. The prototype of many large-scale, government-run, high-cost development projects that failed to deliver, the Groundnut Scheme was perhaps the first major failure of agricultural development in Africa, and its legacy in development practice still with us today.Trade Review[B]eautifully written and interspersed with interesting observations and amusing anecdotes. The book is also exceedingly well researched, every statement and argument being painstakingly corroborated with primary and secondary resources. [An] important contribution to the historiography of Britain's imperialism and development policy in east Africa. -- INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRSThis is a ripping good read. [...] Nicholas Westcott is well qualified to spin this particular yarn with wit and academic aplomb. * Tanzanian Affairs *This book is a necessary addition to the study of post-war British imperialism, and relies on a remarkable array of primary sources. Its interweaving of the domestic and international aspects of the Scheme, as well as the impressive use of evidence, provide a laudable contribution to the existing research on colonial development and post-war British imperial history. -- English Historical ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction Austerity A Scheme is Born "The Poison of the Official Pen ..." The Groundnut Army Beating about the Bush The Overseas Food Corporation 1949: The Crisis The Last Chance A Sudden Death Legacy and Lessons

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Book SynopsisOffers new insights into the struggle against Apartheid, and the poverty and inequality that instigated political resistance. On 3 September 1984 a bloody uprising set the African townships of the Vaal Triangle aflame. Triggered by dissatisfaction over rent increases and a local government that was failing to provide any meaningful political power or social transformation to the black majority, it heralded the insurrectionary period that was to profoundly challenge the administrative and coercive capacities of the apartheid state and greatly contribute towards its demise. Led by a broad coalition of civic organisations, student bodies and trade unions, nationwide protests followed demanding a new political and social order. By the mid-1980s the ideological influence of the African National Congress (ANC) had established its hegemony among township activists and was regarded as the main force in the liberation struggle. Arguing that liberation from poverty and inequality played as significant role in driving the struggle against apartheid as political rights, Rueedi shows how the enactment of the ideals of the 1955 Freedom Charter during the insurrectionary period shaped how communities understood liberation and freedom, both during and after apartheid. She explores the ways in which the establishment and subsequent failure of the model townships was intertwined with struggles for social transformation and dignity; investigates the links between underground networks of the ANC and above ground community structures; and examines how increasing state repression fuelled militancy and political violence, leading to an impasse that signalled the beginning of the end of the apartheid regime.Trade ReviewFor anyone wanting to understand protests and political violence, including the most recent events, this book should be compulsory reading. Rueedi's book makes a significant contribution to the scholarship on the history of the liberation struggle in South Africa and, crucially, the Vaal's role in the insurrection that ended apartheid. -- South African Historical JournalThis book is a welcome contribution and will undoubtedly enrich our understanding about the insurrectionary politics in South Africa during this period. ... clearly demonstrates the influence of the African National Congress (ANC) on local politics and mass mobilization in the Vaal Triangle townships in the 1980s. ... Fascinating and compelling. -- American Historical ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Struggle for Freedom and Emancipation Urbanisation and the Making of the Home "When it rains, the roof leaks": Reforms and the Housing Crisis "Quite a fertile soil": Civic Protest and the Ascendancy of Charterism "Like people having been enclosed suddenly exploding": 3 September 1984 Turning the Tide: The Uprising and its Aftermath "Instigators and agitators": The State Responds "And then you begin to push harder and harder": People's Power and the Dawn of the New Conclusion: Dream Deferred Bibliography

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Book SynopsisProvides a new perspective on the struggle against apartheid, and contributes to key debates in South African history, gender inequality, sexual violence, and the legacies of the liberation struggle. WINNER OF THE RHS GLADSTONE BOOK PRIZE 2022 WINNER OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH GRACE ABBOTT BOOK PRIZE 2021 SHORTLISTED FOR THE ASAUK FAGE & OLIVER PRIZE 2022 While there have been many books on South Africa's liberation struggle during the 1980s and early 1990s, the story of the involvement of African girls and young women has been all but missing. This book tells their story, analysing what life was like for African girls under apartheid, why some chose to join the struggle, and how they navigated the benefits and pitfalls of political activism. These were women who, as teenagers and secondary school students,made an unconventional choice to join student organizations, engage in public protest, and take up arms against the state. They did so against their parents' wishes and in contravention of societal norms that confined girls to the home and made township streets dangerous places for female students. They participated in both non-violent and violent forms of political action, including attending marches and rallies, throwing stones or petrol bombs at police, and punishing suspected informers and other offenders, and even joining underground guerrilla armies. Thousands of these young women were eventually detained, interrogated, and tortured by the apartheid state. At the heart of this book lie the life histories of the female comrades themselves, who in interviews construct themselves as decisive actors in South Africa's liberation struggle. Primarily a work of oral history, this book is not only concerned with what female comrades did, but equally with how these women remember and narrate their time as activists: how they reconstruct their pasts; relate their personal experiences to collective histories of the struggle; and insert themselves into a historical narrative from which they have been excluded. Through exploring these women's memories, this book serves as an important corrective to South Africa's male-centric literature on violence, and provides a new gendered perspective on the wider histories of township politics, activism, and conflict.Trade Review"Where were the girls and young women?" asks Emily Bridger in this powerful and timely revision of the historiography of South Africa's liberation struggle. As Bridger shows so vividly, girls and young women were everywhere in the struggle against apartheid. They were at the school, in the home, at the meeting, on the street, and in the prison cell. They were in the struggle. While standard accounts of the struggle for liberation are content to depict it as a male-only affair, with women playing nothing more than a supportive role, Bridger takes the reader past those sterile accounts to show us women as activists, leaders and risk-takers. But this was no easy task for girls and young women. For girls and women to participate in the struggle for freedom, they had to fight against both their elders and apartheid. They had to fight first against their fathers for the right to be involved in the struggle before they could take on the apartheid state. These girls and women, presented here in their own voices, made an unconventional choice. But they needed to do that to fight for their liberation and to be in a position today to help Bridger re-imagine the history of the liberation struggle. As Bridger shows so brilliantly, this book is not yet another account of what happened in the past; it is much more important than that. It is about girls and young women making history in the past and then narrating that history in the present. A truly remarkable book. * Jacob Dlamini *Emily Bridger's Young Women Against Apartheid is a groundbreaking book [...] based on a remarkable series of interviews that the author conducted with 49 former youth activists (mainly women), allowing rich insights into everyday life within these movements. -- Journal of African HistoryTable of ContentsIntroduction African Girlhood under the Apartheid State The School: Becoming a Female Comrade The Home: Negotiating Family, Girlhood and Politics The Meeting: Contesting Gender and Creating a Movement The Street: Gendering Collective Action and Political Violence The Prison Cell: Gender, Trauma and Resistance The Interview: Reflecting on the Struggle Conclusion

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Book SynopsisAn innovative and valuable resource for understanding women's roles in changing societies, this book brings together the history of Africa, the Atlantic and gender before the 20th century. It explores trade, slavery and migrationin the context of the Euro-African encounter. HONORABLE MENTION FOR AFRICAN STUDIES REVIEW BEST AFRICA-FOCUSED ANTHOLOGY OR EDITED COLLECTION, 2019 While there have been studies of women's roles in African societies and of Atlantic history, the role of women in Westand West Central Africa during the period of the Atlantic slave trade and its abolition remains relatively unexamined. This book brings together scholars from Africa, North and South America and Europe to show, for the first time,the ways in which African women participated in economic, social and political spaces in Atlantic coast societies. Focusing on diversity and change, and going beyond the study of wealthy merchant women, the contributors examine the role of petty traders and enslaved women in communities from Sierra Leone to Benguela. They analyse how women in Africa used the opportunities offered by relationships with European men, Christianity and Atlantic commerce to negotiate their social and economic positions; consider the limitations which early colonialism sought to impose on women and the strategies they employed to overcome them; the factors which fostered or restricted women's mobility,both spatially and socially; and women's economic power and its curtailment. Mariana P. Candido is an Associate Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame; Adam Jones recently retired as Professor of African History and Culture History at the University of Leipzig. In association with The Institute for Scholarship in the Liberal Arts, College of Arts and Letters, University of Notre DameTrade ReviewThis volume is a must-read for those who study and teach histories of the TAST and the Atlantic world in general.I would recommend this book to those interested in such fields as world history, the Atlantic world history, women's history, and gender history. They will find this book captivating. * AFRICAN STUDIES QUARTERLY *[An] excellent collection of essays. * CONNECTIONS UND H-SOZ-KUL *Originating in a series of conference panels and a workshop, African Women in the Atlantic World is an important collection of essays edited by Mariana P. Candido and Adam Jones that centre on the role of women as economic and social agents in the Atlantic world. -- Canadian Journal of HistoryAmong the very few existing edited books focusing specifically on African women, this outstanding volume will interest professors and both graduate and undergraduate students of African history and African diaspora history. Likewise, African Women in the Atlantic World will become a mandatory reading to scholars of different disciplines whose works focus on women in Africa. -- African Studies ReviewMariana P. Candido and Adam Jones have compiled a superb collection of historical essays that bring much-needed attention to the extraordinary ways in which Atlantic African women shaped and were shaped by the Atlantic world. -- Canadian Journal of African StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction - Mariana P. Candido and Adam Jones PROPERTY Adaptation in the Aftermath of Slavery: Women, Trade and Property in Sierra Leone, c. 1790-1812 - Suzanne Schwarz Women, Land and Power in the Lower Gambia River Region - Assan Sarr Women and Food Production: Agriculture, Demography and Access to Land in Late Eighteenth-century Catumbela - Esteban A. Salas Women's Material World in Nineteenth-Century Benguela - Mariana P. Candido VULNERABILITY Prostitution, Polyandry or Rape? On the Ambiguity of European Sources for the West African Coast, 1660-1860 - Adam Jones Parrying Palavers: Coastal Akan Women and the Search for Security in the Eighteenth Century - Natalie Everts To be Female and Free: Mapping Mobility and Emancipation in Lagos, Badagry and Abeokuta 1853-1865 - Ademide Adelusi-Adeluyi Gendered Authority, Gendered Violence: Household and Identity in the Life and Death of a Brazilian Freed Woman in Lagos - Kristin Mann MOBILITY From Child Slave to Madam Esperance: One Woman's Career in the Anglo-African World c. 1675-1707 - Colleen E Kriger Writing the History of the Trans-African Woman in the Revolutionary French Atlantic - Lorelle Semley Spouses and Commercial Partners: Immigrant Men and Locally Born Women in Luanda 1831-1859 - Vanessa S. Oliveira Women, Family and Daily Life in Senegal's Nineteenth-century Atlantic Towns - Hilary Jones

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Book SynopsisThe first comparative historical analysis - local, national and transnational - of the cross-border Central African copperbelt; a key work in studies of labour, urbanisation and African studies. The Central African Copperbelt, encompassing the mining communities of Katanga (DR Congo) and Zambia, has been central to the study of modernisation and rapid social and political change in urban Africa. This volume expands upon earlier studies of industrial mining, male-dominated formal labour organisation and political change by examining both sides of the border from pre-colonial history to the present and encompassing a wide range of economic, social and cultural identities and activities. Bringing together scholars from a range of disciplines, the contributors explore copperbelt communities' sense of identity - expressed in comic strips and football matches, their precarious and inventive ways of living, their involvement in church and education, and the processes and impact of urbanisation and development, environmental degradation and changing gender relations. A major contribution to borderland studies, in showing how the meaning and relevance of the border to the copperbelt's mixed and mobile population has changed constantly over time, the book's engagement with communities at the nexus of social, economic and political change makes it a key study for those working in global urban development. This book is available under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC. It is based on research that is part of a project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no: 681657): 'Comparing the Copperbelt: Political Culture and Knowledge Production in Central Africa'.Table of ContentsIntroduction - Enid Guene and Benoît Henriet and Miles Larmer and Iva Pesa and Rachel Taylor PART 1: MICRO-STUDIES OF URBAN LIFE Beyond Paternalism: Pluralising Copperbelt Histories - Iva Pesa and Benoît Henriet Being a Child of the Mines: Youth Magazines and Comics in the Copperbelt - Enid Guene Divergence and Convergence on the Copperbelt: White Mineworkers in Comparative Perspective, 1911 - 63 - Duncan Money Football on the Zambian and Katangese Copperbelts: Leisure and Fan Culture from the 1930s to the Present - Hikabwa D. Chipande Beware the Mineral Narrative: The Histories of Solwezi Town and Kansanshi Mine, Northwestern Zambia - Rita Kesselring PART 2: THE LOCAL COPPERBELT AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY Kingdoms and Associations: Copper's Changing Political Economy during the Nineteenth Century - David M. Gordon Of Corporate Welfare Buildings and Private Initiative: Post-Paternalist Ruination and Renovation in a Former Zambian Mine Township - Christian Straube From a Colonial to a Mineral Flow Regime: The Mineral Trade and the Inertia of Global Infrastructures in the Copperbelt - Hélène Blaszkiewicz Houses Built on Copper: The Environmental Impact of Current Mining Activities on "Old" and "New" Zambian Copperbelt Communities - Jennifer Chibamba Chansa PART 3: PRODUCING AND CONTESTING KNOWLEDGE OF URBAN SOCIETIES "The British, The French and even the Russians use these Methods": Psychology, Mental Testing and (Trans)Imperial Dynamics of Expertise Production in Late Colonial Congo - Amandine Lauro Historical Knowledge Production at the University of Lubumbashi (1956 - 2018) - Donatien Dibwe dia Mwembu The Decolonisation of Community Development in Haut Katanga and the Zambian Copperbelt, 1945 - 1990 - Miles Larmer and Rachel Taylor Reimagining the Copperbelt as a Religious Space - Stephanie Lämmert

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Book SynopsisInnovative and challenging study that provides fresh insights on the anthropology of death and postcolonial politics. In 1898, just before she was hanged for rebelling against colonial rule, Charwe Nyakasikana, spirit medium of the legendary ancestor Ambuya Nehanda, famously prophesised that "my bones will rise again". A century later bones, bodies and human remains have come to occupy an increasingly complex place in Zimbabwe's postcolonial milieu. From ancestral "bones" rising again in the struggle for independence, and later land, to resurfacing bones of unsettled wardead; and from the troubling decaying remains of post-independence gukurahundi massacres to the leaky, tortured bodies of recent election violence, human materials are intertwined in postcolonial politics in ways that go far beyond, yet necessarily implicate, contests over memory, commemoration and the representation of the past. In this book Joost Fontein examines the complexities of human remains in Zimbabwe's 'politics of the dead'. Challenging and innovative, he takes us beyond current scholarship on memory, commemoration and the changing significance of 'traditional' death practices, to examine the political implications of human remains as material substances, as duplicitous rumours, and as returning spirits. Linking the indeterminacy of human substances to the productive but precarious uncertainties of rumours and spirits, the book points to how the incompleteness of death is politically productive and ultimately derives from the problematic, entangled excessivities of human material and immaterial existence, and is deeply intertwined with the stylistics of postcolonial power and politics. Joost Fontein is Professor of Anthropology, University of Johannesburg. He was previously Director of the British Institute in Eastern Africa and Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Edinburgh. His books include Remaking Mutirikwi: Landscape, Water and Belonging (James Currey, 2015), shortlisted for the African Studies Association 2016 Herskovits Prize. Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana): University of Johannesburg PressTrade ReviewAn innovative and challenging study that provides fresh insights on the anthropology of death and post-colonial politics. * Zimbabwe Review *This very important book offers valuable contributions to our understanding of the everyday politics of the dead in Zimbabwe. The author's theorization and discussion of the typologies of death, bones, and human remains are useful to a wider audience, within and beyond Zimbabwe, including academics and graduate students within the field of anthropology and sociology of death, political and contemporary history of Zimbabwe, and spirituality and religious studies. -- Death StudiesBeyond doubt, this is a 'must-have' work for all interested in the relationship between death and the broader, intriguing Zimbabwean past. -- Journal of Southern African StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction Changing death and human corporeality across Africa and beyond The politics of the dead in Zimbabwe The power of uncertainty Sources and structure of the book 1 Liberation Heritage: Bones and the politics of commemoration The burial of Gift Tandare Heritage and commemoration Heritage and commemoration in Zimbabwe Liberation heritage Unsettling Bones 2 Bones & Tortured Bodies: Corporealities of violence and post-violence Resurfacing bones Emotive materiality, affective presence and transforming materials Tortured bodies Towards 'healing' and 'reconciliation' during the GNU 2009-2013 Conclusions 3 Chibondo: Exhumations, uncertainty and the excessivity of human materials The Chibondo exhumations Too 'fresh', 'intact', fleshy, leaky and stinky? The torque of materiality and the excessive potentiality of human remains The politics of uncertainty Conclusions 4 Political Accidents: Rumours, death and the politics of uncertainty The death of Solomon Mujuru Factionalism, rivalries and murky business dealings The inquest A particular kind of death Conclusions 5 Precarious Possession: Rotina Mavhunga, politics and the uncertainties of mediumship Rotina Mavhunga - the diesel n'anga Precarious occupation 6 Mai Melissa: Towards the alterity of spirit and the incompleteness of death Towards the alterity of spirit Conclusions 7 After Mugabe Burying Bob Conclusions Bodies and spirits, change and continuity AIDS, cholera, Congo, prisons, Chiadzwa, diaspora, FTLR, and charismatic Pentecostalisms New directions for liberation heritage Ambuya Nehanda returns? Exhuming Bob?

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Book SynopsisExplores the impact of Jesuit missions on the development of Christianity in postcolonial French Africa, which found itself at the centre of major shifts and struggles within global Christianity and world politics. At a time when most African countries were moving towards independence, the Vatican was speeding up the Church's indigenization agenda in an effort to secure its survival in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, at the same time, African nationalism was on the rise and, following the collapse of its colonial empire, France was attempting to reassert its influence in Africa. This book shows how the Vatican, French Jesuits, the rising Cameroonian indigenous clergy and leadership, and the first Cameroonian Jesuits competed for the Catholic evangelization of French Africa during the mid-20th century. In the mission field, they also competed with different Protestant groups, with whom they shared acommon aim: to convert African traditional religionists and different groups of African Muslims to Christ, while containing the spread of anti-religious ideologies such as Communism. Tracing the rapid expansion of Christianity in Central and Western French Africa during the second half of the twentieth century, the author shows in this book how this competition for faith helped both build the church in French West Africa and Africanize the church alongside missionary Christianity in postcolonial Africa. He also explores the African reaction to this diverse and competing global agenda of Christianization, especially after Chad and Cameroon came together as part of a single Jesuit jurisdiction in 1973, and the way in which, despite differing interpretations of Catholicity which generated internal conflicts, Western Jesuits focus on popular masses and the poor, was able to contain the spread of Islam, counter the Chad's persecution of Christians during the Cultural Revolution (1973-1975) and secure the survival of Christianity as a missionary movement in which Western missionaries worked alongside a rising African clergy and leadership. JEAN LUC ENYEGUE, SJ is the Director of the Jesuit Historical Institute in Africa, Nairobi. He also lectures on church history at Hekima University College, Catholic University of Eastern Africa.Table of ContentsChronology of Jesuit Missions in Chad and Cameroon Introduction Part I: The Jesuit Project in West Africa: French Catholicism and Colonialism in Chad, 1935-1958 1 Era of Confusion: The Vatican's or France's Wider Agenda? 1935-1946 2 Founding Era: The Conservatism of Frédéric de Bélinay, Jesuit Pioneer in Chad, 1946-1958 3 Colonial Era: Joseph du Bouchet and the Building of the Jesuit Mission in Chad, 1947- 1958 Part II: The Outward Mission: Education and Competing Catholicisms 4 Era of Civilization: Popular Education and Islamism 5 Era of Accommodation: Mission toward the Southern "Ethno-Religionists" 6 Era of Revolution: Bishop Paul Dalmais and Chad's Cultural Revolution, 1958-1975 Part III: The Postcolonial Mission and Catholicity: From Chad to Cameroon, 1962-1978 7 Era of Consolidation: The Rebirth of Missionary Catholicism after Independence, 1962-1973 8 Era of Experimentation: M.-P. Hebga, First Cameroonian Major Superior, 1968-1973 9 Era of Dissent: Cameroonian Jesuits and Global Catholicism, 1974-1978 Conclusion

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Book SynopsisPioneering study of the role of the Christian churches in the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi; a key work for historians, memory studies scholars, religion scholars and Africanists. Why did some sectors of the Rwandan churches adopt an ambiguous attitude towards the genocide against the Tutsi which claimed the lives of around 800,000 people in three months between April and July 1994? What prevented the churches' acceptance that they may have had some responsibility? And how should we account for the efforts made by other sectors of the churches to remember and commemorate the genocide and rebuild pastoral programmes? Drawing on interviews with genocide survivors, Rwandans in exile, missionaries and government officials, as well as Church archives and other sources, this book is the first academic study on Christianity and the genocide against the Tutsi to explore these contentious questions in depth, and reveals more internal diversity within the Christian churches than is often assumed. While some Christians, Protestant as well as Catholic, took risks to shelter Tutsi people, others uncritically embraced the interim government's view that the Tutsi were enemies of the people and some, even priests and pastors, assisted the killers. The church leaders only condemned the war: they never actually denounced the genocide against the Tutsi. Focusing on the period of the genocide in 1994 and the subsequent years (up to 2000), Denis examines in detail the responses of two churches, the Catholic Church, the biggest and the most complex, and the Presbyterian Church in Rwanda, which made an unconditional confession of guilt in December 1996. A case study is devoted to the Catholic parish La Crête Congo-Nil in western Rwanda, led at the time by the French priest Gabriel Maindron, a man whom genocide survivors accuse of having failed publicly to oppose the genocide and of having close links with the authorities and some of the perpetrators. By 1997, the defensive attitude adopted by many Catholics had started to change. The Extraordinary Synod on Ethnocentricity in 1999-2000 was a milestone. Yet, especially in the immediate aftermath of the genocide, tension and suspicion persist. Fountain: Rwanda, UgandaTable of ContentsIntroduction The burden of the past The run-up to the genocide Religion in the midst of the genocide The Catholic Church in the aftermath of the genocide The Presbyterian Church's confession of guilt The Missionaries of Africa's response to the genocide Church and state relations after the genocide A case of two narratives: Gabriel Maindron, a hero made and unmade Remembering 1994 in Congo-Nil The quest for forgiveness and reconciliation Conclusion

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