Description
Book SynopsisTranslation is at the centre of Christianity, scripturally, as reflected in the biblical stories of the tower of Babel, or of the apostles’ speaking in tongues after the Ascension, and historically, where arguments about it were dominant in Councils, such as those of Trent or the Second Vatican Council of 1962–64, which, it should be recalled, privileged the use of the vernacular in liturgy. The four texts edited here discuss the legitimacy of using the vernacular language for scriptural citation. This question in England became central to the perception of the followers of John Wyclif (sometimes known as Lollards): between 1409 and 1530 the use of English scriptures was severely impeded by the established church, and an episcopal licence was required for its possession or dissemination. The issue evidently aroused academic interest, especially in Oxford, where the first complete English translation seems to have originated. The three Latin works here survive complete each in a single manuscript: of these texts two, written by a Franciscan, William Butler, and by a Dominican, Thomas Palmer, are wholly hostile to translation. The third, the longest and most perceptive, edited here for the first time, emerges as written by a secular priest of impressive learning, Richard Ullerston; his other writings display his radical, but not unorthodox opinions. The only English work here is a Wycliffite adaptation of Ullerston’s Latin. The volume provides editions and modern translations of these four texts, together with a substantial introduction explaining their context and the implications of their arguments, and encouraging further exploration of the perceptions of the nature of language that are displayed there, many of which, and notably of Ullerston, are in advance of those of his contemporaries.
Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgements vii List of Plates ix Abbreviations x Introduction xv I The Question of Biblical Translation xv II The Four Treatises: Significance and Scholarship to Date xx III The Participants xxxi IV Authorship, Dates and Circumstances xli V The Form of the Determination xlvii VI Authorities Cited in the Texts lii WI The Participants' Views on Language and Translation lx VIII The Participants' Knowledge of Earlier Translations into Vernaculars lxxxiv IX Views on Translation in Late Middle English Texts xcii X First seifi Bois. A Middle English Adaptation of Richard Ullerston's Determination ciii XI Manuscripts cxiii XII Chapter Numbering in Richard Ullerston's Determination cxxix XIII Note on Editorial Practice cxxxii TEXTS AND TRANSLATIONS RICHARD ULLERSTON De translatione sacre scripture in vulgare 1 WILLIAM BUTLER Contra translacionem anglicanam 115 THOMAS PALMER De translacione scripture sacre in linguam anglicanam FIRST SEISS BOIS 191 Select Bibliography 203 Index of Biblical Quotations 208 Index of Manuscripts 211 General Index 213
