Description
Book SynopsisIn recent decades, scientific insight into the chemistry of water has increased enormously, leading to the development of advanced wastewater and water purification technologies. However, the quality of freshwater resources has continually deteriorated worldwide, both in industrialised countries and in developing countries. Although traditional wastewater technologies are focused on the removal of suspended solids, nutrients and bacteria, hundreds of organic pollutants occur in wastewater and affected urban surface waters. These new pollutants are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not often monitored in the environment but have the potential to penetrate the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects. These contaminants are collectively referred to as the "Emerging Contaminants" and are mostly derived from domestic use and occur in trace concentrations ranging from pico to micrograms per litre. Environmental contaminants are recalcitrant for conventional wastewater treatment processes and most of them remain unaffected, leading to the contamination of receiving water. This scenario leads to the need for an advanced wastewater treatment process that can remove environmental contaminants to safely monitor fresh water sources. This book explains the technologies of biological and chemical wastewater treatment processes. The biological wastewater treatment processes presented include: (1) bioremediation of wastewater that includes aerobic treatment (oxidation ponds, aerating lagoons, aerobic bioreactors, active sludge, percolation or drip filters, biological filters, rotating biological contactors, biological removal of nutrients) and anaerobic treatment (anaerobic bioreactors), anaerobic lagoons); (2) phytoremediation of waste water consisting of engineered wetlands, rhizofiltration, rhizodegradation, phytodegradation, phytoaccumulation, Phyto transformation and hyperaccumulators; and (3) mycoremediation of wastewater. The chemical wastewater treatment processes discussed include chemical precipitation (coagulation, flocculation), ion exchange, neutralisation, adsorption, and disinfection (chlorination / dechlorination, ozone, UV light). In addition, this chapter explains the wastewater treatment plants and illustrates them in terms of plant size, plant layout, and plant design and installation location.
Table of ContentsPreface; Persistent Organic Pollutants: An Environmental Menace; Removal of Emerging Contaminants Present in Wastewater by Using Advanced Oxidation Processes; Nanoremediation of Industrial Heavy Metal Effluents Using Carbon Nanomaterials as Superb Nanoadsorbents; Emerging Pollutants: Occurrence, Fate, Impacts and Removal Technologies; Nanotechnological Interventions to Tackle Heavy Metal Pollution; Bioremediation: A Novel Way to Deal with Petroleum Sludge for Sustainable Environment; Advanced Oxidation Process in Wastewater Reuse; Photocatalysis as Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment; Role of Fungal and Plant Systems in Wastewater Treatment: Mechanisms and Applications; Insights into a Novel Technology of Limestone-Sawdust-Bacteria and Nano TIO2 for Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage; Different Approaches for Bioremediation of Harmful Pollutants; Nitrate Problems and Its Remediation; Emerging Contaminants; Bioremediation of Soils Polluted with Hexavalent Chromium using Bacteria; Index.
