Search results for ""Author Maulin P Shah""

This book highlights the importance of molecular genomics and molecular biology techniques used to sort out the problems faced by industrialists who operate wastewater treatment plants with the ever-increasing number of environmental pollutants, through an approach of microbial community analysis. Current knowledge of the microbial communities within biological wastewater treatment reactors is incomplete due to limitations of traditional culture-based techniques and despite the emergence of recently applied physico-chemical and biological techniques. This book will give a complete overview about an advanced molecular technology for microbial community analysis of a wastewater treatment reactor to understand and gain proper knowledge, which may help to ultimately sort out the issue of environmental pollutants. It will give an insight about an application of various molecular tools to investigate microbial community composition or structure in activated sludge processes.

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Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea are ubiquitous microorganisms, but their abundance and diversity vary widely across environments and play a crucial role in many ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems in particular. However, characterization of AOB communities require genomic methods as they are difficult to isolate from samples. Although non-toxic to humans, in the short term, ammonia in water systems are harmful to aquatic life both directly and indirectly through the disruption of the ecosystem by promoting the proliferation of algae (a process called eutrophication). Contamination often occurs due to use of disinfectants with chloramines, fertilizers, waste disposal and from natural processes. Due to their natural presence, utilising AOBs to treat water is viewed as an attractive solution, but greater knowledge of their biochemical processes and measurement of their efficacy is required. Ideal for postgraduates and researchers in a variety of disciplines, this book covers the ecology, genomics, physiology and biochemistry of AOBs and their presence in wastewater, and the challenges, opportunities and potential applications for nitrification and ammonia removal.

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In recent decades, scientific insight into the chemistry of water has increased enormously, leading to the development of advanced wastewater and water purification technologies. However, the quality of freshwater resources has continually deteriorated worldwide, both in industrialised countries and in developing countries. Although traditional wastewater technologies are focused on the removal of suspended solids, nutrients and bacteria, hundreds of organic pollutants occur in wastewater and affected urban surface waters. These new pollutants are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not often monitored in the environment but have the potential to penetrate the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects. These contaminants are collectively referred to as the "Emerging Contaminants" and are mostly derived from domestic use and occur in trace concentrations ranging from pico to micrograms per litre. Environmental contaminants are recalcitrant for conventional wastewater treatment processes and most of them remain unaffected, leading to the contamination of receiving water. This scenario leads to the need for an advanced wastewater treatment process that can remove environmental contaminants to safely monitor fresh water sources. This book explains the technologies of biological and chemical wastewater treatment processes. The biological wastewater treatment processes presented include: (1) bioremediation of wastewater that includes aerobic treatment (oxidation ponds, aerating lagoons, aerobic bioreactors, active sludge, percolation or drip filters, biological filters, rotating biological contactors, biological removal of nutrients) and anaerobic treatment (anaerobic bioreactors), anaerobic lagoons); (2) phytoremediation of waste water consisting of engineered wetlands, rhizofiltration, rhizodegradation, phytodegradation, phytoaccumulation, Phyto transformation and hyperaccumulators; and (3) mycoremediation of wastewater. The chemical wastewater treatment processes discussed include chemical precipitation (coagulation, flocculation), ion exchange, neutralisation, adsorption, and disinfection (chlorination / dechlorination, ozone, UV light). In addition, this chapter explains the wastewater treatment plants and illustrates them in terms of plant size, plant layout, and plant design and installation location.

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This book discusses the key problems and solutions with various applicable approaches to combat antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial waste water. Several genes are selected within the chapters to illustrate the past and future roles of molecular ecophysiology and genomics in the development of wastewater microbiology as an important subdiscipline of microbial ecology. As we have very limited knowledge of composition, dynamics and stability of microbial communities, various processes in wastewater treatment have been generally considered to be "black box." In recent years, with the development of several new high throughput sequencing platforms, metagenome sequencing strategies and bioinformatics toolboxes, the analysis of the genome of complex communities has become much more accessible and means easier.The opening of the biological wastewater treatment “black box” is not the unpleasant experience it was before. The viable, but not cultural, ceases to be the inconsequential, uncharacterizable enigma that existed today. Metagenomics leads the way for more specific studies in related fields. Finally, genomic studies of wastewater treatment microbes, in addition to their biotechnological applications, are also an excellent testing ground for variety of other ecological and environmental burns questions. Wastewater treatment plants are considered hotspots for the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant determinants. Comparative genomics of antibiotic resistant genes isolated from conventional activated sludge and biological aerated filter wastewater treatment plants is discussed.

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Overview of the Genes Associated with Polyextremophiles.- Genetics and proteomics of polyextremophiles existing in high temperature  .- Applications of genome editing in extremophiles.- Extremophiles: How Smart are the Cells to Cope with the Environment?.- Impact of Climate Change on Polar Polyextremophilic Diversity, with a Focus on Genetics and Proteomics.- Implications of polyextremophiles in astrobiology research.- The Biocatalytic Potential of Extemozymes isolated from extremophiles.- Secondary Metabolites from extremophiles.- Salting Up Our Knowledge: The Fascinating Halophiles, Their Bioactive Metabolites with Biomedical Implications.- Application of Extremophiles in therapeutics.- Extremophilic algae-based wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery and animal feed production.- Potentiality of polyextremophilic organisms in bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons and persistent organic pollutants- A biotechnological approach.- Role of extremophilic microbes in removal of mi

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Bioremediation for Environmental Sustainability: Approaches to Tackle Pollution for Cleaner and Greener Society discusses many recently developed and successfully applied bio/phytoremediation technologies for pollution control and minimization, which are lacking more comprehensive coverage in previous books. This book describes the scope and applications of bio/phytoremediation technologies and especially focuses on the associated eco-environmental concerns, field studies, sustainability issues, and future prospects. The book also examines the feasibility of environmentally friendly and sustainable bio/phytoremediation technologies to remediate contaminated sites, as well as future directions in the field of bioremediation for environmental sustainability.

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Biochar prepared from agricultural biomass has received considerable attention because of the huge availability of ago-waste at zero cost, flexibility, high efficiency, renewability, faster contaminant removal rate, ability to treat concentrated effluent and reduction of sludge production after the treatment. This book on biochar is a comprehensive account of preparation of biochar from agricultural waste. It provides a roadmap in development of future strategy for pollution abatement and sustainable waste management. This book contains up-to-date information on biochar and its role in environment protection. The book covers useful information and applications of biochar to research scholars, academicians, agronomists, scientists and environmentalist working in the field of environment protection, bioremediation, waste management and climate change mitigation.

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