Description
Book Synopsis* Unique in presenting a completely new theoretic solution to control electric power in a simple way * Discusses the application of predicitive control in motor drives, with several examples and case studies * Matlab is included on a complimentary website so the reader can run their own simulations .
Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Part One INTRODUCTION
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Applications of Power Converters and Drives 3
1.2 Types of Power Converters 5
1.2.1 Generic Drive System 5
1.2.2 Classification of Power Converters 5
1.3 Control of Power Converters and Drives 7
1.3.1 Power Converter Control in the Past 7
1.3.2 Power Converter Control Today 10
1.3.3 Control Requirements and Challenges 11
1.3.4 Digital Control Platforms 12
1.4 Why Predictive Control is Particularly Suited for Power Electronics 13
1.5 Contents of this Book 15
References 16
2 Classical Control Methods for Power Converters and Drives 17
2.1 Classical Current Control Methods 17
2.1.1 Hysteresis Current Control 18
2.1.2 Linear Control with Pulse Width Modulation or Space Vector Modulation 20
2.2 Classical Electrical Drive Control Methods 24
2.2.1 Field Oriented Control 24
2.2.2 Direct Torque Control 26
2.3 Summary 30
References 30
3 Model Predictive Control 31
3.1 Predictive Control Methods for Power Converters and Drives 31
3.2 Basic Principles of Model Predictive Control 32
3.3 Model Predictive Control for Power Electronics and Drives 34
3.3.1 Controller Design 35
3.3.2 Implementation 37
3.3.3 General Control Scheme 38
3.4 Summary 38
References 38
Part Two MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL APPLIED TO POWER CONVERTERS
4 Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Inverter 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Predictive Current Control 43
4.3 Cost Function 44
4.4 Converter Model 44
4.5 Load Model 48
4.6 Discrete-Time Model for Prediction 49
4.7 Working Principle 50
4.8 Implementation of the Predictive Control Strategy 50
4.9 Comparison to a Classical Control Scheme 59
4.10 Summary 63
References 63
5 Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter 65
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 System Model 66
5.3 Linear Current Control Method with Pulse Width Modulation 70
5.4 Predictive Current Control Method 70
5.5 Implementation 72
5.5.1 Reduction of the Switching Frequency 74
5.5.2 Capacitor Voltage Balance 77
5.6 Summary 78
References 79
6 Control of an Active Front-End Rectifier 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Rectifier Model 84
6.2.1 Space Vector Model 84
6.2.2 Discrete-Time Model 85
6.3 Predictive Current Control in an Active Front-End 86
6.3.1 Cost Function 86
6.4 Predictive Power Control 89
6.4.1 Cost Function and Control Scheme 89
6.5 Predictive Control of an AC–DC–AC Converter 92
6.5.1 Control of the Inverter Side 92
6.5.2 Control of the Rectifier Side 94
6.5.3 Control Scheme 94
6.6 Summary 96
References 97
7 Control of a Matrix Converter 99
7.1 Introduction 99
7.2 System Model 99
7.2.1 Matrix Converter Model 99
7.2.2 Working Principle of the Matrix Converter 101
7.2.3 Commutation of the Switches 102
7.3 Classical Control: The Venturini Method 103
7.4 Predictive Current Control of the Matrix Converter 104
7.4.1 Model of the Matrix Converter for Predictive Control 104
7.4.2 Output Current Control 107
7.4.3 Output Current Control with Minimization of the Input Reactive Power 108
7.4.4 Input Reactive Power Control 113
7.5 Summary 113
References 114
Part Three MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL APPLIED TO MOTOR DRIVES
8 Predictive Control of Induction Machines 117
8.1 Introduction 117
8.2 Dynamic Model of an Induction Machine 118
8.3 Field Oriented Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Matrix Converter Using Predictive Current Control 121
8.3.1 Control Scheme 121
8.4 Predictive Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Voltage Source Inverter 123
8.5 Predictive Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Matrix Converter 128
8.5.1 Torque and Flux Control 128
8.5.2 Torque and Flux Control with Minimization of the Input Reactive Power 129
8.6 Summary 130
References 131
9 Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors 133
9.1 Introduction 133
9.2 Machine Equations 133
9.3 Field Oriented Control Using Predictive Current Control 135
9.3.1 Discrete-Time Model 136
9.3.2 Control Scheme 136
9.4 Predictive Speed Control 139
9.4.1 Discrete-Time Model 139
9.4.2 Control Scheme 140
9.4.3 Rotor Speed Estimation 141
9.5 Summary 142
References 143
Part Four DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OF MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL
10 Cost Function Selection 147
10.1 Introduction 147
10.2 Reference Following 147
10.2.1 Some Examples 148
10.3 Actuation Constraints 148
10.3.1 Minimization of the Switching Frequency 150
10.3.2 Minimization of the Switching Losses 152
10.4 Hard Constraints 155
10.5 Spectral Content 157
10.6 Summary 161
References 161
11 Weighting Factor Design 163
11.1 Introduction 163
11.2 Cost Function Classification 164
11.2.1 Cost Functions without Weighting Factors 164
11.2.2 Cost Functions with Secondary Terms 164
11.2.3 Cost Functions with Equally Important Terms 165
11.3 Weighting Factors Adjustment 166
11.3.1 For Cost Functions with Secondary Terms 166
11.3.2 For Cost Functions with Equally Important Terms 167
11.4 Examples 168
11.4.1 Switching Frequency Reduction 168
11.4.2 Common-Mode Voltage Reduction 168
11.4.3 Input Reactive Power Reduction 170
11.4.4 Torque and Flux Control 170
11.4.5 Capacitor Voltage Balancing 174
11.5 Summary 175
References 176
12 Delay Compensation 177
12.1 Introduction 177
12.2 Effect of Delay due to Calculation Time 177
12.3 Delay Compensation Method 180
12.4 Prediction of Future References 181
12.4.1 Calculation of Future References Using Extrapolation 185
12.4.2 Calculation of Future References Using Vector Angle Compensation 185
12.5 Summary 188
References 188
13 Effect of Model Parameter Errors 191
13.1 Introduction 191
13.2 Three-Phase Inverter 191
13.3 Proportional–Integral Controllers with Pulse Width Modulation 192
13.3.1 Control Scheme 192
13.3.2 Effect of Model Parameter Errors 193
13.4 Deadbeat Control with Pulse Width Modulation 194
13.4.1 Control Scheme 194
13.4.2 Effect of Model Parameter Errors 195
13.5 Model Predictive Control 195
13.5.1 Effect of Load Parameter Variation 196
13.6 Comparative Results 197
13.7 Summary 201
References 201
Appendix A Predictive Control Simulation – Three-Phase Inverter 203
A.1 Predictive Current Control of a Three-Phase Inverter 203
A.1.1 Definition of Simulation Parameters 207
A.1.2 MATLAB® Code for Predictive Current Control 208
Appendix B Predictive Control Simulation – Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter 211
B.1 Definition of Predictive Torque Control Simulation Parameters 213
B.2 MATLAB® Code for the Predictive Torque Control Simulation 215
Appendix C Predictive Control Simulation – Matrix Converter 219
C.1 Predictive Current Control of a Direct Matrix Converter 219
C.1.1 Definition of Simulation Parameters 221
C.1.2 MATLAB® Code for Predictive Current Control with Instantaneous Reactive Power Minimization 222
Index 227
