Description

Book Synopsis


Table of Contents
Brief Contents PART I: FUNDAMENTALS
  1. Introduction to Design
    • 1.1 Design
      • Machine Design
    • 1.2 A Design Process
    • 1.3 Problem Formulation and Calculation
      • Definition Stage
      • Preliminary Design Stage
      • Detailed Design Stage
      • Documentation Stage
    • 1.4 The Engineering Model
      • Estimation and First-Order Analysis
      • The Engineering Sketch
    • 1.5 Computer-Aided Design and Engineering
      • Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
      • Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
      • Computational Accuracy
    • 1.6 The Engineering Report
    • 1.7 Factors of Safety and Design Codes
      • Factor of Safety
      • Choosing a Safety Factor
      • Design and Safety Codes
    • 1.8 Statistical Considerations
    • 1.9 Units
    • 1.10 Summary
    • 1.11 References
    • 1.12 Web References
    • 1.13 Bibliography
    • 1.14 Problems
  2. Materials and Processes
    • 2.0 Introduction
    • 2.1 Material-Property Definitions
      • The Tensile Test
      • Ductility and Brittleness
      • The Compression Test
      • The Bending Test
      • The Torsion Test
      • Fatigue Strength and Endurance Limit
      • Impact Resistance
      • Fracture Toughness
      • Creep and Temperature Effects
    • 2.2 The Statistical Nature of Material Properties
    • 2.3 Homogeneity and Isotropy
    • 2.4 Hardness
      • Heat Treatment
      • Surface (Case) Hardening
      • Heat Treating Nonferrous Materials
      • Mechanical Forming and Hardening
    • 2.5 Coatings and Surface Treatments
      • Galvanic Action
      • Electroplating
      • Electroless Plating
      • Anodizing
      • Plasma-Sprayed Coatings
      • Chemical Coatings
    • 2.6 General Properties of Metals
      • Cast Iron
      • Cast Steels
      • Wrought Steels
      • Steel Numbering Systems
      • Aluminum
      • Titanium
      • Magnesium
      • Copper Alloys
    • 2.7 General Properties of Nonmetals
      • Polymers
      • Ceramics
      • Composites
    • 2.8 Selecting Materials
    • 2.9 Summary
    • 2.10 References
    • 2.11 Web References
    • 2.12 Bibliography
    • 2.13 Problems
  3. Kinematics and Load Determination
    • 3.0 Introduction
    • 3.1 Degree of Freedom
    • 3.2 Mechanisms
    • 3.3 Calculating Degree of Freedom (Mobility)
    • 3.4 Common 1-DOF Mechanisms
      • Fourbar Linkage and the Grashof Condition
      • Sixbar Linkage
      • Cam and Follower
    • 3.5 Analyzing Linkage Motion
      • Types of Motion
      • Complex Numbers as Vectors
      • The Vector Loop Equation
    • 3.6 Analyzing the Fourbar Linkage
      • Solving for Position in the Fourbar Linkage
      • Solving for Velocity in the Fourbar Linkage
      • Angular Velocity Ratio and Mechanical Advantage
      • Solving for Acceleration in the Fourbar Linkage
    • 3.7 Analyzing the Fourbar Crank-Slider
      • Solving for Position in the Fourbar Crank-Slider
      • Solving for Velocity in the Fourbar Crank-Slider
      • Solving for Acceleration in the Fourbar Crank-Slider
      • Other Linkages
    • 3.8 Cam Design and Analysis
      • The Timing Diagram
      • The svaj Diagram
      • Polynomials for the Double-Dwell Case
      • Polynomials for the Single-Dwell Case
      • Pressure Angle
      • Radius of Curvature
    • 3.9 Loading Classes For Force Analysis
    • 3.10 Free-body Diagrams
    • 3.11 Load Analysis
      • Three-Dimensional Analysis
      • Two-Dimensional Analysis
      • Static Load Analysis
    • 3.12 Two-Dimensional, Static Loading Case Studies
    • 3.13 Three-Dimensional, Static Loading Case Study
    • 3.14 Dynamic Loading Case Study
    • 3.15 Vibration Loading
      • Natural Frequency
      • Dynamic Forces
    • 3.16 Impact Loading
      • Energy Method
    • 3.17 Beam Loading
      • Shear and Moment
      • Singularity Functions
      • Superposition
    • 3.18 Summary
    • 3.19 References
    • 3.20 Web References
    • 3.21 Bibliography
    • 3.22 Problems
  4. Stress, Strain, and Deflection
    • 4.0 Introduction
    • 4.1 Stress
    • 4.2 Strain
    • 4.3 Principal Stresses
    • 4.4 Plane Stress and Plane Strain
      • Plane Stress
      • Plane Strain
    • 4.5 Mohr’s Circles
    • 4.6 Applied Versus Principal Stresses
    • 4.7 Axial Tension
    • 4.8 Direct Shear Stress, Bearing Stress, and Tearout
      • Direct Shear
      • Direct Bearing
      • Tearout Failure
    • 4.9 Beams and Bending Stresses
      • Beams in Pure Bending
      • Shear Due to Transverse Loading
    • 4.10 Deflection in Beams
      • Deflection by Singularity Functions
      • Statically Indeterminate Beams
    • 4.11 Castigliano’s Method
      • Deflection by Castigliano’s Method
      • Finding Redundant Reactions with Castigliano’s Method
    • 4.12 Torsion
    • 4.13 Combined Stresses
    • 4.14 Spring Rates
    • 4.15 Stress Concentration Stress Concentration Under Static Loading
      • Stress Concentration Under Dynamic Loading
      • Determining Geometric Stress-Concentration Factors
      • Designing to Avoid Stress Concentrations
    • 4.16 Axial Compression - Columns
      • Slenderness Ratio
      • Short Columns
      • Long Columns
      • End Conditions
      • Intermediate Columns
    • 4.17 Stresses in Cylinders
      • Thick-Walled Cylinders
      • Thin-Walled Cylinders
    • 4.18 Case Studies in Static Stress and Deflection Analysis
    • 4.19 Summary
    • 4.20 References
    • 4.21 Bibliography
    • 4.22 Problems
  5. Static Failure Theories
    • 5.0 Introduction
    • 5.1 Failure of Ductile Materials Under Static Loading
      • The von Mises-Hencky or Distortion-Energy Theory
      • The Maximum Shear-Stress Theory
      • The Maximum Normal-Stress Theory
      • Comparison of Experimental Data with Failure Theories
    • 5.2 Failure of Brittle Materials Under Static Loading
      • Even and Uneven Materials
      • The Coulomb-Mohr Theory
      • The Modified-Mohr Theory
    • 5.3 Fracture Mechanics
      • Fracture-Mechanics Theory
      • Fracture Toughness Kc
    • 5.4 Using The Static Loading Failure Theories
    • 5.5 Case Studies in Static Failure Analysis
    • 5.6 Summary
    • 5.7 References
    • 5.8 Bibliography
    • 5.9 Problems
  6. Fatigue Failure Theories
    • 6.0 Introduction
      • History of Fatigue Failure
    • 6.1 Mechanism of Fatigue Failure
      • Crack Initiation Stage
      • Crack Propagation Stage
      • Fracture
    • 6.2 Fatigue-Failure Models
      • Fatigue Regimes
      • The Stress-Life Approach 3
      • The Strain-Life Approach
      • The LEFM Approach
    • 6.3 Machine-Design Considerations
    • 6.4 Fatigue Loads
      • Rotating Machinery Loading
      • Service Equipment Loading
    • 6.5 Measuring Fatigue Failure Criteria
      • Fully Reversed Stresses
      • Combined Mean and Alternating Stress
      • Fracture-Mechanics Criteria
      • Testing Actual Assemblies
    • 6.6 Estimating Fatigue Failure Criteria
      • Estimating the Theoretical Fatigue Strength Sf ’ or Endurance Limit Se’
      • Correction Factors—Theoretical Fatigue Strength or Endurance Limit
      • Corrected Fatigue Strength Sf or Corrected Endurance Limit Se
      • Creating Estimated S-N Diagrams
    • 6.7 Notches and Stress Concentrations
      • Notch Sensitivity
    • 6.8 Residual Stresses
    • 6.9 Designing for High-Cycle Fatigue
    • 6.10 Designing for Fully Reversed Uniaxial Stresses
      • Design Steps for Fully Reversed Stresses with Uniaxial Loading
    • 6.11 Designing for Fluctuating Uniaxial Stresses
      • Creating the Modified-Goodman Diagram
      • Applying Stress-Concentration Effects with Fluctuating Stresses
      • Determining the Safety Factor with Fluctuating Stresses
      • Design Steps for Fluctuating Stresses
    • 6.12 Designing for Multiaxial Stresses in Fatigue
      • Frequency and Phase Relationships
      • Fully Reversed Simple Multiaxial Stresses
      • Fluctuating Simple Multiaxial Stresses
      • Complex Multiaxial Stresses
    • 6.13 A General Approach to High-Cycle Fatigue Design
    • 6.14 A Case Study in Fatigue Design
    • 6.15 Summary
    • 6.16 References
    • 6.17 Bibliography
    • 6.18 Problems
  7. Surface Failure
    • 7.0 Introduction
    • 7.1 Surface Geometry
    • 7.2 Mating Surfaces
    • 7.3 Friction
      • Effect of Roughness on Friction
      • Effect of Velocity on Friction
      • Rolling Friction
      • Effect of Lubricant on Friction
    • 7.4 Adhesive Wear
      • The Adhesive-Wear Coefficient
    • 7.5 Abrasive Wear
      • Abrasive Materials
      • Abrasion-Resistant Materials
    • 7.6 Corrosion Wear
      • Corrosion Fatigue
      • Fretting Corrosion
    • 7.7 Surface Fatigue
    • 7.8 Spherical Contact
      • Contact Pressure and Contact Patch in Spherical Contact
      • Static Stress Distributions in Spherical Contact
    • 7.9 Cylindrical Contact
      • Contact Pressure and Contact Patch in Parallel Cylindrical Contact
      • Static Stress Distributions in Parallel Cylindrical Contact
    • 7.10 General Contact
      • Contact Pressure and Contact Patch in General Contact
      • Stress Distributions in General Contact
    • 7.11 Dynamic Contact Stresses
      • Effect of a Sliding Component on Contact Stresses
    • 7.12 Surface Fatigue Failure Models—Dynamic Contact
    • 7.13 Surface Fatigue Strength
    • 7.14 Summary
    • 7.15 References
    • 7.16 Problems
  8. Finite Element Analysis
    • 8.0 Introduction
      • Stress and Strain Computation
    • 8.1 Finite Element Method
    • 8.2 Element Types
      • Element Dimension and Degree of Freedom (DOF)
      • Element Order
      • H-Elements Versus P-Elements
      • Element Aspect Ratio
    • 8.3 Meshing
      • Mesh Density
      • Mesh Refinement
      • Convergence
    • 8.4 Boundary Conditions
    • 8.5 Applying Loads
    • 8.6 Testing the Model (Verification)
    • 8.7 Modal Analysis
    • 8.8 Case Studies
    • 8.9 Summary
    • 8.10 References
    • 8.11 Bibliography
    • 8.12 Web Resources
    • 8.13 Problems
PART II: MACHINE DESIGN
  1. Design Case Studies
    • 9.0 Introduction
    • 9.1 Case Study 8—A Portable Air Compressor
    • 9.2 Case Study 9—A Hay-Bale Lifter
    • 9.3 Case Study 10—A Cam-Testing Machine
    • 9.4 Summary
    • 9.5 References
    • 9.6 Design Projects
  2. Shafts, Keys, and Couplings
    • 10.0 Introduction
    • 10.1 Shaft Loads
    • 10.2 Attachments and Stress Concentrations
    • 10.3 Shaft Materials
    • 10.4 Shaft Power
    • 10.5 Shaft Loads
    • 10.6 Shaft Stresses
    • 10.7 Shaft Failure in Combined Loading
    • 10.8 Shaft Design
      • General Considerations
      • Design for Fully Reversed Bending and Steady Torsion
      • Design for Fluctuating Bending and Fluctuating Torsion
    • 10.9 Shaft Deflection
      • Shafts as Beams
      • Shafts as Torsion Bars
    • 10.10 Keys and Keyways
      • Parallel Keys
      • Tapered Keys
      • Woodruff Keys
      • Stresses in Keys
      • Key Materials
      • Key Design
      • Stress Concentrations in Keyways
    • 10.11 Splines
    • 10.12 Interference Fits
      • Stresses in Interference Fits
      • Stress Concentration in Interference Fits
      • Fretting Corrosion
    • 10.13 Flywheel Design
      • Energy Variation in a Rotating System
      • Determining the Flywheel Inertia
      • Stresses in Flywheels
      • Failure Criteria
    • 10.14 Critical Speeds of Shafts
      • Lateral Vibration of Shafts and Beams—Rayleigh’s Method
      • Shaft Whirl
      • Torsional Vibration
      • Two Disks on a Common Shaft
      • Multiple Disks on a Common Shaft
      • Controlling Torsional Vibrations
    • 10.15 Couplings
      • Rigid Couplings
      • Compliant Couplings
    • 10.16 Case Study 8B
      • Designing Driveshafts for a Portable Air Compressor
    • 10.17 Summary
    • 10.18 References
    • 10.19 Problems
  3. Bearings and Lubrication
    • 11.0 Introduction
      • A Caveat
    • 11.1 Lubricants
    • 11.2 Viscosity
    • 11.3 Types of Lubrication
      • Full-Film Lubrication
      • Boundary Lubrication
    • 11.4 Material Combinations in Sliding Bearings
    • 11.5 Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory
      • Petroff’s Equation for No-Load Torque
      • Reynolds’ Equation for Eccentric Journal Bearings
      • Torque and Power Losses in Journal Bearings
    • 11.6 Design of Hydrodynamic Bearings
      • Design Load Factor—The Ocvirk Number
      • Design Procedures
    • 11.7 Nonconforming Contacts
    • 11.8 Rolling-element Bearings
      • Comparison of Rolling and Sliding Bearings
      • Types of Rolling-Element Bearings
    • 11.9 Failure of Rolling-element bearings
    • 11.10 S election of Rolling-element bearings
      • Basic Dynamic Load Rating C
      • Modified Bearing Life Rating
      • Basic Static Load Rating C0
      • Combined Radial and Thrust Loads
      • Calculation Procedures
    • 11.11 Bearing Mounting Details
    • 11.12 Special Bearings
    • 11.13 Case Study 10B
    • 11.14 Summary
      • Important Equations Used in This Chapter
    • 11.15 References
    • 11.16 Problems
  4. Spur Gears
    • 12.0 Introduction
    • 12.1 Gear Tooth Theory
      • The Fundamental Law of Gearing
      • The Involute Tooth Form
      • Pressure Angle
      • Gear Mesh Geometry
      • Rack and Pinion
      • Changing Center Distance
      • Backlash
      • Relative Tooth Motion
    • 12.2 Gear Tooth Nomenclature
    • 12.3 Interference and Undercutting
      • Unequal-Addendum Tooth Forms
    • 12.4 Contact Ratio
    • 12.5 Gear Trains
      • Simple Gear Trains
      • Compound Gear Trains
      • Reverted Compound Trains
      • Epicyclic or Planetary Gear Trains
    • 12.6 Gear Manufacturing
      • Forming Gear Teeth
      • Machining
      • Roughing Processes
      • Finishing Processes
      • Gear Quality
    • 12.7 Loading on Spur Gears
    • 12.8 Stresses in Spur Gears
      • Bending Stresses
      • Surface Stresses
    • 12.9 Gear Materials
      • Material Strengths
      • Bending-Fatigue Strengths for Gear Materials
      • Surface-Fatigue Strengths for Gear Materials
    • 12.10 Lubrication of Gearing
    • 12.11 Design of Spur Gears
    • 12.12 Case Study 8C
    • 12.13 Summary
    • 12.14 References
    • 12.15 Problems
  5. Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears
    • 13.0 Introduction
    • 13.1 Helical Gears
      • Helical Gear Geometry
      • Helical-Gear Forces
      • Virtual Number of Teeth
      • Contact Ratios
      • Stresses in Helical Gears
    • 13.2 Bevel Gears
      • Bevel-Gear Geometry and Nomenclature
      • Bevel-Gear Mounting
      • Forces on Bevel Gears
      • Stresses in Bevel Gears
    • 13.3 Wormsets
      • Materials for Wormsets
      • Lubrication in Wormsets
      • Forces in Wormsets
      • Wormset Geometry
      • Rating Methods
      • A Design Procedure for Wormsets
    • 13.4 Case Study 9B
    • 13.5 Summary
    • 13.6 References
    • 13.7 Problems
  6. Spring Design
    • 14.0 Introduction
    • 14.1 Spring Rate
    • 14.2 Spring Configurations
    • 14.3 Spring Materials
      • Spring Wire
      • Flat Spring Stock
    • 14.4 Helical Compression Springs
      • Spring Lengths
      • End Details
      • Active Coils
      • Spring Index
      • Spring Deflection
      • Spring Rate
      • Stresses in Helical Compression Spring Coils
      • Helical Coil Springs of Nonround Wire
      • Residual Stresses
      • Buckling of Compression Springs
      • Compression-Spring Surge
      • Allowable Strengths for Compression Springs
      • The Torsional-Shear S-N Diagram for Spring Wire
      • The Modified-Goodman Diagram for Spring Wire
    • 14.5 Designing Helical Compression Springs for Static Loading
    • 14.6 Designing Helical Compression Springs for Fatigue Loading
    • 14.7 Helical Extension Springs
      • Active Coils in Extension Springs
      • Spring Rate of Extension Springs
      • Spring Index of Extension Springs
      • Coil Preload in Extension Springs
      • Deflection of Extension Springs
      • Coil Stresses in Extension Springs
      • End Stresses in Extension Springs
      • Surging in Extension Springs
      • Material Strengths for Extension Springs
      • Design of Helical Extension Springs
    • 14.8 Helical Torsion Springs
      • Terminology for Torsion Springs
      • Number of Coils in Torsion Springs
      • Deflection of Torsion Springs
      • Spring Rate of Torsion Springs
      • Coil Closure
      • Coil Stresses in Torsion Springs
      • Material Parameters for Torsion Springs
      • Safety Factors for Torsion Springs
      • Designing Helical Torsion Springs
    • 14.9 Belleville Spring Washers
      • Load-Deflection Function for Belleville Washers
      • Stresses in Belleville Washers
      • Static Loading of Belleville Washers
      • Dynamic Loading
      • Stacking Springs
      • Designing Belleville Springs
    • 14.10 Case Study 10C
    • 14.11 Summary
    • 14.12 References
    • 14.13 Problems
  7. Screws and Fasteners
    • 15.0 Introduction
    • 15.1 Standard Thread Forms
      • Tensile Stress Area
      • Standard Thread Dimensions
    • 15.2 Power Screws
      • Square, Acme, and Buttress Threads
      • Power Screw Application
      • Power Screw Force and Torque Analysis
      • Friction Coefficients
      • Self-Locking and Back-Driving of Power Screws
      • Screw Efficiency
      • Ball Screws
    • 15.3 Stresses in Threads
      • Axial Stress
      • Shear Stress
      • Torsional Stress
    • 15.4 Types of Screw Fasteners
      • Classification by Intended Use
      • Classification by Thread Type
      • Classification by Head Style
      • Nuts and Washers
    • 15.5 Manufacturing Fasteners
    • 15.6 Strengths of Standard Bolts and Machine Screws
    • 15.7 Preloaded Fasteners in Tension
      • Preloaded Bolts Under Static Loading
      • Preloaded Bolts Under Dynamic Loading
    • 15.8 Determining the Joint Stiffness Factor
      • Joints With Two Plates of the Same Material
      • Joints With Two Plates of Different Materials
      • Gasketed Joints
    • 15.9 Controlling Preload
      • The Turn-of-the-Nut Method
      • Torque-Limited Fasteners
      • Load-Indicating Washers
      • Torsional Stress Due to Torquing of Bolts
    • 15.10 Fasteners in Shear
      • Dowel Pins
      • Centroids of Fastener Groups
      • Determining Shear Loads on Fasteners
    • 15.11 Case Study 8D
    • 15.12 Summary
    • 15.13 References
    • 15.14 Bibliography
    • 15.15 Problems
  8. Weldments
    • 16.0 Introduction
    • 16.1 Welding Processes
      • Types of Welding in Common Use
      • Why Should a Designer Be Concerned with the Welding Process?
    • 16.2 Weld Joints and Weld Types
      • Joint Preparation
      • Weld Specification
    • 16.3 Principles of Weldment Design
    • 16.4 Static Loading of Welds
    • 16.5 Static Strength of Welds
      • Residual Stresses in Welds
      • Direction of Loading
      • Allowable Shear Stress for Statically Loaded Fillet and PJP Welds
    • 16.6 Dynamic Loading of Welds
      • Effect of Mean Stress on Weldment Fatigue Strength
      • Are Correction Factors Needed For Weldment Fatigue Strength?
      • Effect of Weldment Configuration on Fatigue Strength
      • Is There an Endurance Limit for Weldments?
      • Fatigue Failure in Compression Loading?
    • 16.7 Treating a Weld as a Line
    • 16.8 Eccentrically Loaded Weld Patterns
    • 16.9 Design Considerations for Weldments in Machines
    • 16.10 Summary
    • 16.11 References
    • 16.12 Problems
  9. Clutches and Brakes
    • 17.0 Introduction
    • 17.1 Types of Brakes and Clutches
    • 17.2 Clutch/Brake Selection and Specification
    • 17.3 Clutch and Brake Material
    • 17.4 Disk Clutches
      • Uniform Pressure
      • Uniform Wear
    • 17.5 Disk Brakes
    • 17.6 Drum Brakes
      • Short-Shoe External Drum Brakes
      • Long-Shoe External Drum Brakes
      • Long-Shoe Internal Drum Brakes
    • 17.7 Summary
    • 17.8 References
    • 17.9 Bibliography
    • 17.10 Problems
Appendices
  1. Material Properties
  2. Beam Tables
  3. Stress-Concentration Factors
  4. Answers to Selected Problems

Machine Design

    Product form

    £220.49

    Includes FREE delivery

    RRP £232.09 – you save £11.60 (4%)

    Order before 4pm today for delivery by Wed 17 Jun 2026.

    A Hardback by Robert Norton

    20 in stock


      View other formats and editions of Machine Design by Robert Norton

      Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
      Publication Date: 27/04/2020
      ISBN13: 9780135184233, 978-0135184233
      ISBN10: 0135184231
      Also in:
      Electronics: circuits and components

      Description

      Book Synopsis


      Table of Contents
      Brief Contents PART I: FUNDAMENTALS
      1. Introduction to Design
        • 1.1 Design
          • Machine Design
        • 1.2 A Design Process
        • 1.3 Problem Formulation and Calculation
          • Definition Stage
          • Preliminary Design Stage
          • Detailed Design Stage
          • Documentation Stage
        • 1.4 The Engineering Model
          • Estimation and First-Order Analysis
          • The Engineering Sketch
        • 1.5 Computer-Aided Design and Engineering
          • Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
          • Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
          • Computational Accuracy
        • 1.6 The Engineering Report
        • 1.7 Factors of Safety and Design Codes
          • Factor of Safety
          • Choosing a Safety Factor
          • Design and Safety Codes
        • 1.8 Statistical Considerations
        • 1.9 Units
        • 1.10 Summary
        • 1.11 References
        • 1.12 Web References
        • 1.13 Bibliography
        • 1.14 Problems
      2. Materials and Processes
        • 2.0 Introduction
        • 2.1 Material-Property Definitions
          • The Tensile Test
          • Ductility and Brittleness
          • The Compression Test
          • The Bending Test
          • The Torsion Test
          • Fatigue Strength and Endurance Limit
          • Impact Resistance
          • Fracture Toughness
          • Creep and Temperature Effects
        • 2.2 The Statistical Nature of Material Properties
        • 2.3 Homogeneity and Isotropy
        • 2.4 Hardness
          • Heat Treatment
          • Surface (Case) Hardening
          • Heat Treating Nonferrous Materials
          • Mechanical Forming and Hardening
        • 2.5 Coatings and Surface Treatments
          • Galvanic Action
          • Electroplating
          • Electroless Plating
          • Anodizing
          • Plasma-Sprayed Coatings
          • Chemical Coatings
        • 2.6 General Properties of Metals
          • Cast Iron
          • Cast Steels
          • Wrought Steels
          • Steel Numbering Systems
          • Aluminum
          • Titanium
          • Magnesium
          • Copper Alloys
        • 2.7 General Properties of Nonmetals
          • Polymers
          • Ceramics
          • Composites
        • 2.8 Selecting Materials
        • 2.9 Summary
        • 2.10 References
        • 2.11 Web References
        • 2.12 Bibliography
        • 2.13 Problems
      3. Kinematics and Load Determination
        • 3.0 Introduction
        • 3.1 Degree of Freedom
        • 3.2 Mechanisms
        • 3.3 Calculating Degree of Freedom (Mobility)
        • 3.4 Common 1-DOF Mechanisms
          • Fourbar Linkage and the Grashof Condition
          • Sixbar Linkage
          • Cam and Follower
        • 3.5 Analyzing Linkage Motion
          • Types of Motion
          • Complex Numbers as Vectors
          • The Vector Loop Equation
        • 3.6 Analyzing the Fourbar Linkage
          • Solving for Position in the Fourbar Linkage
          • Solving for Velocity in the Fourbar Linkage
          • Angular Velocity Ratio and Mechanical Advantage
          • Solving for Acceleration in the Fourbar Linkage
        • 3.7 Analyzing the Fourbar Crank-Slider
          • Solving for Position in the Fourbar Crank-Slider
          • Solving for Velocity in the Fourbar Crank-Slider
          • Solving for Acceleration in the Fourbar Crank-Slider
          • Other Linkages
        • 3.8 Cam Design and Analysis
          • The Timing Diagram
          • The svaj Diagram
          • Polynomials for the Double-Dwell Case
          • Polynomials for the Single-Dwell Case
          • Pressure Angle
          • Radius of Curvature
        • 3.9 Loading Classes For Force Analysis
        • 3.10 Free-body Diagrams
        • 3.11 Load Analysis
          • Three-Dimensional Analysis
          • Two-Dimensional Analysis
          • Static Load Analysis
        • 3.12 Two-Dimensional, Static Loading Case Studies
        • 3.13 Three-Dimensional, Static Loading Case Study
        • 3.14 Dynamic Loading Case Study
        • 3.15 Vibration Loading
          • Natural Frequency
          • Dynamic Forces
        • 3.16 Impact Loading
          • Energy Method
        • 3.17 Beam Loading
          • Shear and Moment
          • Singularity Functions
          • Superposition
        • 3.18 Summary
        • 3.19 References
        • 3.20 Web References
        • 3.21 Bibliography
        • 3.22 Problems
      4. Stress, Strain, and Deflection
        • 4.0 Introduction
        • 4.1 Stress
        • 4.2 Strain
        • 4.3 Principal Stresses
        • 4.4 Plane Stress and Plane Strain
          • Plane Stress
          • Plane Strain
        • 4.5 Mohr’s Circles
        • 4.6 Applied Versus Principal Stresses
        • 4.7 Axial Tension
        • 4.8 Direct Shear Stress, Bearing Stress, and Tearout
          • Direct Shear
          • Direct Bearing
          • Tearout Failure
        • 4.9 Beams and Bending Stresses
          • Beams in Pure Bending
          • Shear Due to Transverse Loading
        • 4.10 Deflection in Beams
          • Deflection by Singularity Functions
          • Statically Indeterminate Beams
        • 4.11 Castigliano’s Method
          • Deflection by Castigliano’s Method
          • Finding Redundant Reactions with Castigliano’s Method
        • 4.12 Torsion
        • 4.13 Combined Stresses
        • 4.14 Spring Rates
        • 4.15 Stress Concentration Stress Concentration Under Static Loading
          • Stress Concentration Under Dynamic Loading
          • Determining Geometric Stress-Concentration Factors
          • Designing to Avoid Stress Concentrations
        • 4.16 Axial Compression - Columns
          • Slenderness Ratio
          • Short Columns
          • Long Columns
          • End Conditions
          • Intermediate Columns
        • 4.17 Stresses in Cylinders
          • Thick-Walled Cylinders
          • Thin-Walled Cylinders
        • 4.18 Case Studies in Static Stress and Deflection Analysis
        • 4.19 Summary
        • 4.20 References
        • 4.21 Bibliography
        • 4.22 Problems
      5. Static Failure Theories
        • 5.0 Introduction
        • 5.1 Failure of Ductile Materials Under Static Loading
          • The von Mises-Hencky or Distortion-Energy Theory
          • The Maximum Shear-Stress Theory
          • The Maximum Normal-Stress Theory
          • Comparison of Experimental Data with Failure Theories
        • 5.2 Failure of Brittle Materials Under Static Loading
          • Even and Uneven Materials
          • The Coulomb-Mohr Theory
          • The Modified-Mohr Theory
        • 5.3 Fracture Mechanics
          • Fracture-Mechanics Theory
          • Fracture Toughness Kc
        • 5.4 Using The Static Loading Failure Theories
        • 5.5 Case Studies in Static Failure Analysis
        • 5.6 Summary
        • 5.7 References
        • 5.8 Bibliography
        • 5.9 Problems
      6. Fatigue Failure Theories
        • 6.0 Introduction
          • History of Fatigue Failure
        • 6.1 Mechanism of Fatigue Failure
          • Crack Initiation Stage
          • Crack Propagation Stage
          • Fracture
        • 6.2 Fatigue-Failure Models
          • Fatigue Regimes
          • The Stress-Life Approach 3
          • The Strain-Life Approach
          • The LEFM Approach
        • 6.3 Machine-Design Considerations
        • 6.4 Fatigue Loads
          • Rotating Machinery Loading
          • Service Equipment Loading
        • 6.5 Measuring Fatigue Failure Criteria
          • Fully Reversed Stresses
          • Combined Mean and Alternating Stress
          • Fracture-Mechanics Criteria
          • Testing Actual Assemblies
        • 6.6 Estimating Fatigue Failure Criteria
          • Estimating the Theoretical Fatigue Strength Sf ’ or Endurance Limit Se’
          • Correction Factors—Theoretical Fatigue Strength or Endurance Limit
          • Corrected Fatigue Strength Sf or Corrected Endurance Limit Se
          • Creating Estimated S-N Diagrams
        • 6.7 Notches and Stress Concentrations
          • Notch Sensitivity
        • 6.8 Residual Stresses
        • 6.9 Designing for High-Cycle Fatigue
        • 6.10 Designing for Fully Reversed Uniaxial Stresses
          • Design Steps for Fully Reversed Stresses with Uniaxial Loading
        • 6.11 Designing for Fluctuating Uniaxial Stresses
          • Creating the Modified-Goodman Diagram
          • Applying Stress-Concentration Effects with Fluctuating Stresses
          • Determining the Safety Factor with Fluctuating Stresses
          • Design Steps for Fluctuating Stresses
        • 6.12 Designing for Multiaxial Stresses in Fatigue
          • Frequency and Phase Relationships
          • Fully Reversed Simple Multiaxial Stresses
          • Fluctuating Simple Multiaxial Stresses
          • Complex Multiaxial Stresses
        • 6.13 A General Approach to High-Cycle Fatigue Design
        • 6.14 A Case Study in Fatigue Design
        • 6.15 Summary
        • 6.16 References
        • 6.17 Bibliography
        • 6.18 Problems
      7. Surface Failure
        • 7.0 Introduction
        • 7.1 Surface Geometry
        • 7.2 Mating Surfaces
        • 7.3 Friction
          • Effect of Roughness on Friction
          • Effect of Velocity on Friction
          • Rolling Friction
          • Effect of Lubricant on Friction
        • 7.4 Adhesive Wear
          • The Adhesive-Wear Coefficient
        • 7.5 Abrasive Wear
          • Abrasive Materials
          • Abrasion-Resistant Materials
        • 7.6 Corrosion Wear
          • Corrosion Fatigue
          • Fretting Corrosion
        • 7.7 Surface Fatigue
        • 7.8 Spherical Contact
          • Contact Pressure and Contact Patch in Spherical Contact
          • Static Stress Distributions in Spherical Contact
        • 7.9 Cylindrical Contact
          • Contact Pressure and Contact Patch in Parallel Cylindrical Contact
          • Static Stress Distributions in Parallel Cylindrical Contact
        • 7.10 General Contact
          • Contact Pressure and Contact Patch in General Contact
          • Stress Distributions in General Contact
        • 7.11 Dynamic Contact Stresses
          • Effect of a Sliding Component on Contact Stresses
        • 7.12 Surface Fatigue Failure Models—Dynamic Contact
        • 7.13 Surface Fatigue Strength
        • 7.14 Summary
        • 7.15 References
        • 7.16 Problems
      8. Finite Element Analysis
        • 8.0 Introduction
          • Stress and Strain Computation
        • 8.1 Finite Element Method
        • 8.2 Element Types
          • Element Dimension and Degree of Freedom (DOF)
          • Element Order
          • H-Elements Versus P-Elements
          • Element Aspect Ratio
        • 8.3 Meshing
          • Mesh Density
          • Mesh Refinement
          • Convergence
        • 8.4 Boundary Conditions
        • 8.5 Applying Loads
        • 8.6 Testing the Model (Verification)
        • 8.7 Modal Analysis
        • 8.8 Case Studies
        • 8.9 Summary
        • 8.10 References
        • 8.11 Bibliography
        • 8.12 Web Resources
        • 8.13 Problems
      PART II: MACHINE DESIGN
      1. Design Case Studies
        • 9.0 Introduction
        • 9.1 Case Study 8—A Portable Air Compressor
        • 9.2 Case Study 9—A Hay-Bale Lifter
        • 9.3 Case Study 10—A Cam-Testing Machine
        • 9.4 Summary
        • 9.5 References
        • 9.6 Design Projects
      2. Shafts, Keys, and Couplings
        • 10.0 Introduction
        • 10.1 Shaft Loads
        • 10.2 Attachments and Stress Concentrations
        • 10.3 Shaft Materials
        • 10.4 Shaft Power
        • 10.5 Shaft Loads
        • 10.6 Shaft Stresses
        • 10.7 Shaft Failure in Combined Loading
        • 10.8 Shaft Design
          • General Considerations
          • Design for Fully Reversed Bending and Steady Torsion
          • Design for Fluctuating Bending and Fluctuating Torsion
        • 10.9 Shaft Deflection
          • Shafts as Beams
          • Shafts as Torsion Bars
        • 10.10 Keys and Keyways
          • Parallel Keys
          • Tapered Keys
          • Woodruff Keys
          • Stresses in Keys
          • Key Materials
          • Key Design
          • Stress Concentrations in Keyways
        • 10.11 Splines
        • 10.12 Interference Fits
          • Stresses in Interference Fits
          • Stress Concentration in Interference Fits
          • Fretting Corrosion
        • 10.13 Flywheel Design
          • Energy Variation in a Rotating System
          • Determining the Flywheel Inertia
          • Stresses in Flywheels
          • Failure Criteria
        • 10.14 Critical Speeds of Shafts
          • Lateral Vibration of Shafts and Beams—Rayleigh’s Method
          • Shaft Whirl
          • Torsional Vibration
          • Two Disks on a Common Shaft
          • Multiple Disks on a Common Shaft
          • Controlling Torsional Vibrations
        • 10.15 Couplings
          • Rigid Couplings
          • Compliant Couplings
        • 10.16 Case Study 8B
          • Designing Driveshafts for a Portable Air Compressor
        • 10.17 Summary
        • 10.18 References
        • 10.19 Problems
      3. Bearings and Lubrication
        • 11.0 Introduction
          • A Caveat
        • 11.1 Lubricants
        • 11.2 Viscosity
        • 11.3 Types of Lubrication
          • Full-Film Lubrication
          • Boundary Lubrication
        • 11.4 Material Combinations in Sliding Bearings
        • 11.5 Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory
          • Petroff’s Equation for No-Load Torque
          • Reynolds’ Equation for Eccentric Journal Bearings
          • Torque and Power Losses in Journal Bearings
        • 11.6 Design of Hydrodynamic Bearings
          • Design Load Factor—The Ocvirk Number
          • Design Procedures
        • 11.7 Nonconforming Contacts
        • 11.8 Rolling-element Bearings
          • Comparison of Rolling and Sliding Bearings
          • Types of Rolling-Element Bearings
        • 11.9 Failure of Rolling-element bearings
        • 11.10 S election of Rolling-element bearings
          • Basic Dynamic Load Rating C
          • Modified Bearing Life Rating
          • Basic Static Load Rating C0
          • Combined Radial and Thrust Loads
          • Calculation Procedures
        • 11.11 Bearing Mounting Details
        • 11.12 Special Bearings
        • 11.13 Case Study 10B
        • 11.14 Summary
          • Important Equations Used in This Chapter
        • 11.15 References
        • 11.16 Problems
      4. Spur Gears
        • 12.0 Introduction
        • 12.1 Gear Tooth Theory
          • The Fundamental Law of Gearing
          • The Involute Tooth Form
          • Pressure Angle
          • Gear Mesh Geometry
          • Rack and Pinion
          • Changing Center Distance
          • Backlash
          • Relative Tooth Motion
        • 12.2 Gear Tooth Nomenclature
        • 12.3 Interference and Undercutting
          • Unequal-Addendum Tooth Forms
        • 12.4 Contact Ratio
        • 12.5 Gear Trains
          • Simple Gear Trains
          • Compound Gear Trains
          • Reverted Compound Trains
          • Epicyclic or Planetary Gear Trains
        • 12.6 Gear Manufacturing
          • Forming Gear Teeth
          • Machining
          • Roughing Processes
          • Finishing Processes
          • Gear Quality
        • 12.7 Loading on Spur Gears
        • 12.8 Stresses in Spur Gears
          • Bending Stresses
          • Surface Stresses
        • 12.9 Gear Materials
          • Material Strengths
          • Bending-Fatigue Strengths for Gear Materials
          • Surface-Fatigue Strengths for Gear Materials
        • 12.10 Lubrication of Gearing
        • 12.11 Design of Spur Gears
        • 12.12 Case Study 8C
        • 12.13 Summary
        • 12.14 References
        • 12.15 Problems
      5. Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears
        • 13.0 Introduction
        • 13.1 Helical Gears
          • Helical Gear Geometry
          • Helical-Gear Forces
          • Virtual Number of Teeth
          • Contact Ratios
          • Stresses in Helical Gears
        • 13.2 Bevel Gears
          • Bevel-Gear Geometry and Nomenclature
          • Bevel-Gear Mounting
          • Forces on Bevel Gears
          • Stresses in Bevel Gears
        • 13.3 Wormsets
          • Materials for Wormsets
          • Lubrication in Wormsets
          • Forces in Wormsets
          • Wormset Geometry
          • Rating Methods
          • A Design Procedure for Wormsets
        • 13.4 Case Study 9B
        • 13.5 Summary
        • 13.6 References
        • 13.7 Problems
      6. Spring Design
        • 14.0 Introduction
        • 14.1 Spring Rate
        • 14.2 Spring Configurations
        • 14.3 Spring Materials
          • Spring Wire
          • Flat Spring Stock
        • 14.4 Helical Compression Springs
          • Spring Lengths
          • End Details
          • Active Coils
          • Spring Index
          • Spring Deflection
          • Spring Rate
          • Stresses in Helical Compression Spring Coils
          • Helical Coil Springs of Nonround Wire
          • Residual Stresses
          • Buckling of Compression Springs
          • Compression-Spring Surge
          • Allowable Strengths for Compression Springs
          • The Torsional-Shear S-N Diagram for Spring Wire
          • The Modified-Goodman Diagram for Spring Wire
        • 14.5 Designing Helical Compression Springs for Static Loading
        • 14.6 Designing Helical Compression Springs for Fatigue Loading
        • 14.7 Helical Extension Springs
          • Active Coils in Extension Springs
          • Spring Rate of Extension Springs
          • Spring Index of Extension Springs
          • Coil Preload in Extension Springs
          • Deflection of Extension Springs
          • Coil Stresses in Extension Springs
          • End Stresses in Extension Springs
          • Surging in Extension Springs
          • Material Strengths for Extension Springs
          • Design of Helical Extension Springs
        • 14.8 Helical Torsion Springs
          • Terminology for Torsion Springs
          • Number of Coils in Torsion Springs
          • Deflection of Torsion Springs
          • Spring Rate of Torsion Springs
          • Coil Closure
          • Coil Stresses in Torsion Springs
          • Material Parameters for Torsion Springs
          • Safety Factors for Torsion Springs
          • Designing Helical Torsion Springs
        • 14.9 Belleville Spring Washers
          • Load-Deflection Function for Belleville Washers
          • Stresses in Belleville Washers
          • Static Loading of Belleville Washers
          • Dynamic Loading
          • Stacking Springs
          • Designing Belleville Springs
        • 14.10 Case Study 10C
        • 14.11 Summary
        • 14.12 References
        • 14.13 Problems
      7. Screws and Fasteners
        • 15.0 Introduction
        • 15.1 Standard Thread Forms
          • Tensile Stress Area
          • Standard Thread Dimensions
        • 15.2 Power Screws
          • Square, Acme, and Buttress Threads
          • Power Screw Application
          • Power Screw Force and Torque Analysis
          • Friction Coefficients
          • Self-Locking and Back-Driving of Power Screws
          • Screw Efficiency
          • Ball Screws
        • 15.3 Stresses in Threads
          • Axial Stress
          • Shear Stress
          • Torsional Stress
        • 15.4 Types of Screw Fasteners
          • Classification by Intended Use
          • Classification by Thread Type
          • Classification by Head Style
          • Nuts and Washers
        • 15.5 Manufacturing Fasteners
        • 15.6 Strengths of Standard Bolts and Machine Screws
        • 15.7 Preloaded Fasteners in Tension
          • Preloaded Bolts Under Static Loading
          • Preloaded Bolts Under Dynamic Loading
        • 15.8 Determining the Joint Stiffness Factor
          • Joints With Two Plates of the Same Material
          • Joints With Two Plates of Different Materials
          • Gasketed Joints
        • 15.9 Controlling Preload
          • The Turn-of-the-Nut Method
          • Torque-Limited Fasteners
          • Load-Indicating Washers
          • Torsional Stress Due to Torquing of Bolts
        • 15.10 Fasteners in Shear
          • Dowel Pins
          • Centroids of Fastener Groups
          • Determining Shear Loads on Fasteners
        • 15.11 Case Study 8D
        • 15.12 Summary
        • 15.13 References
        • 15.14 Bibliography
        • 15.15 Problems
      8. Weldments
        • 16.0 Introduction
        • 16.1 Welding Processes
          • Types of Welding in Common Use
          • Why Should a Designer Be Concerned with the Welding Process?
        • 16.2 Weld Joints and Weld Types
          • Joint Preparation
          • Weld Specification
        • 16.3 Principles of Weldment Design
        • 16.4 Static Loading of Welds
        • 16.5 Static Strength of Welds
          • Residual Stresses in Welds
          • Direction of Loading
          • Allowable Shear Stress for Statically Loaded Fillet and PJP Welds
        • 16.6 Dynamic Loading of Welds
          • Effect of Mean Stress on Weldment Fatigue Strength
          • Are Correction Factors Needed For Weldment Fatigue Strength?
          • Effect of Weldment Configuration on Fatigue Strength
          • Is There an Endurance Limit for Weldments?
          • Fatigue Failure in Compression Loading?
        • 16.7 Treating a Weld as a Line
        • 16.8 Eccentrically Loaded Weld Patterns
        • 16.9 Design Considerations for Weldments in Machines
        • 16.10 Summary
        • 16.11 References
        • 16.12 Problems
      9. Clutches and Brakes
        • 17.0 Introduction
        • 17.1 Types of Brakes and Clutches
        • 17.2 Clutch/Brake Selection and Specification
        • 17.3 Clutch and Brake Material
        • 17.4 Disk Clutches
          • Uniform Pressure
          • Uniform Wear
        • 17.5 Disk Brakes
        • 17.6 Drum Brakes
          • Short-Shoe External Drum Brakes
          • Long-Shoe External Drum Brakes
          • Long-Shoe Internal Drum Brakes
        • 17.7 Summary
        • 17.8 References
        • 17.9 Bibliography
        • 17.10 Problems
      Appendices
      1. Material Properties
      2. Beam Tables
      3. Stress-Concentration Factors
      4. Answers to Selected Problems

      Recently viewed products

      © 2026 Book Curl

        • American Express
        • Apple Pay
        • Diners Club
        • Discover
        • Google Pay
        • Maestro
        • Mastercard
        • PayPal
        • Shop Pay
        • Union Pay
        • Visa

        Login

        Forgot your password?

        Don't have an account yet?
        Create account