Search results for ""Sigmund Freud" "Civilization and Its Discontents""

Book SynopsisIn Civilization and Its Discontents Freud extends and clarifies his analysis of religion; analyzes human unhappiness in contemporary civilization; ratifies the critical importance of the death drive theory; and contemplates the significance of guilt and conscience in everyday life. The result is Freud’s most expansive work, one wherein he discusses mysticism, love, interpretation, narcissism, religion, happiness, technology, beauty, justice, work, the origin of civilization, phylogenetic development, Christianity, the Devil, communism, the sense of guilt, remorse, and ethics. A classic, important, accessible work, Freud reminds us again why we still read and debate his ideas today. Todd Dufresne’s introduction expands on why, according to the late Freud, psychoanalysis is the key to understanding individual and collective realities or, better yet, collective truths. The Appendices include related writings by Freud, contemporary reviews, and scholarly responses from Marcuse, Rieff, and Ricoeur.Trade Review“Following on the heels of Beyond the Pleasure Principle and The Future of an Illusion, this new Broadview Edition of Civilization and Its Discontents concludes Todd Dufresne’s editorial trilogy on the late ‘philosophical’ Freud. Gregory Richter’s lucid and exact translation rejuvenates the text. Dufresne’s superb introduction renews our understanding of Freud’s final ‘romantic science’; it excerpts from other works by Freud and from critical responses to Freud in order to provide context and perspective. At last a truly critical edition of Freud!” — Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen, University of Washington“Civilization and Its Discontents is one of Sigmund Freud’s darkest texts, offering an analysis of culture by reflecting on the place of death in a person’s life. Todd Dufresne’s thoughtful edition showcases the full relevance of this text for a historical, philosophical, and psychoanalytical reading by adding an informative introduction, references to other works by Freud, as well as excerpts from the work by scholars such as Herbert Marcuse and Paul Ricœur who have written about Freud’s text. The new translation by Gregory C. Richter is excellent. This edition of Civilization and Its Discontents will be very useful for the classroom, but also of interest for any general reader who wants to learn more about Freud’s late work.” — Liliane Weissberg, University of Pennsylvania“Gregory Richter’s new translation of Civilization and Its Discontents is complemented by Todd Dufresne’s careful contextualization and lively interrogation of Freud’s most widely read text. Dufresne’s pithy introduction stages the confrontation between Freud’s ‘late Romantic pessimism’ and Romain Rolland’s optimistic embrace of the ‘oceanic’ as the font of religion, morality, and, by extension, civilization. Dufresne’s larger argument is that Freud’s psychology is inseparable from his ‘metabiology’—inseparable, that is, from Freud’s belief in the transmission of acquired characteristics. Whether or not Lamarckism is to be understood as Freud’s signature failing, Dufresne’s critical reading challenges his audience to take up the task of interpretation—in this case, to locate Freud’s logic of the drives.” — Vanessa Parks Rumble, Boston College“This is an excellent edition of Civilization and its Discontents and will be particularly helpful in teaching contexts for both undergraduate and graduate classes. The translation by Gregory C. Richter is quite accessible and includes helpful footnotes which add to the readability of the text. … The three appendices included in the volume speak to the strength of this edition as one which can be utilized at multiple teaching levels. The culling of texts from Freud’s own work in the first appendix (A) which address similar themes to those found in Civilization and its Discontents, is particularly helpful and well chosen. The third appendix (C) which addresses the central scholarly responses to this text make this edition ideal for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses.” — Athena V. Colman, Brock UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroductionSigmund Freud: A Brief ChronologyTranslator’s NoteCivilization and its Discontents (1930)Appendix A: Other Works of Freud From “‘Civilized’ Sexual Morality and Modern Nervous Disease” (March 1908) From “Thought for the Times on War and Death” (1915) From Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) From The Future of an Illusion (1927) From Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud, Why War? (1932) From Moses and Monotheism (1939) Appendix B: Contemporary Reviews of Civilization and Its Discontents E. G. Catlin, “Freud No Freudian” Saturday Review (27 September 1930) Joseph Jastrow, “Unhappiness Psycho-Analyzed” Saturday Review of Literature (6 December 1930) Harold D. Lasswell, “Review: Civilization and Its Discontents by Sigmund Freud,” American Journal of Sociology (September 1931) Appendix C: Scholarly Responses to Civilization and Its Discontents Herbert Marcuse, “The Dialectic of Civilization” (1955) Philip Rieff, “Freud & the Value of Religion” (1959) Paul Ricoeur, “On Metaculture & ‘Death Against Death’” (1970) Select BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisFreud’s seminal volume of twentieth-century cultural thought grounded in psychoanalytic theory, now with a new introduction by Christopher Hitchens.

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Book SynopsisThroughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization, and helped make us who we are.

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Book SynopsisFreud''s epoch-making insights revolutionized our perception of who we are, forming the foundation for psychoanalysis. In Civilization and its Discontents he considers the incompatibility of civilization and individual happiness. Focusing on what he perceives to be one of society''s greatest dangers; ''civilized'' sexual morality, he asks, does repression compromise our chances of happiness?Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 and died in exile in London in 1939. As a writer and doctor he remains one of the informing voices of the twentieth century.

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Book SynopsisSigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, declared that religion is a universal obsessional neurosis in his famous work of 1927, The Future of an Illusion. This work provoked immediate controversy and has continued to be an important reference for anyone interested in the intersection of philosophy, psychology, religion, and culture.Included in this volume is Oskar Pfister’s critical engagement with Freud’s views on religion. Pfister, a Swiss pastor and lay analyst, defends mature religion from Freud’s “scientism.” Freud’s and Pfister’s texts have been updated in Gregory C. Richter’s translations from the original German.Trade Review“This new edition and translation of Sigmund Freud’s The Future of an Illusion has much to recommend it. The Introduction, in particular, is a gem of insightful analysis of the conflicting motives and logical inconsistencies that characterize Freud’s arguments in this controversial essay. In laying bare the contradictions inherent in this work, Dufresne brings a fresh and incisive understanding to a book that, despite well-justified skepticism about its scientific merits, remains a thought-provoking and quintessentially Freudian explication of religious belief.” — Frank J. Sulloway, University of California, Berkeley, and author of Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend and Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives“This new Broadview Press edition is a wonderful example of rigorous and imaginative scholarly collaboration. Gregory Richter provides a lucid and lively translation, and some searching reflections on the problems of translation, while Todd Dufresne contextualizes Freud’s puzzling, late life assault on organized religion, and his equivocal embrace of Enlightenment positivism. Oskar Pfister, one of the book’s earliest and most cogent critics, is also discussed with admirable clarity and charm. Bravo!” — Daniel Burston, Duquesne University, and author of The Legacy of Erich Fromm“Gregory C. Richter’s fluent new translation shows one of Freud’s most popular books to be as clear, colloquial, and compelling as anything else by the master of psychoanalysis, and Todd Dufresne’s entertaining introduction makes a good case for its surprising contemporary relevance, in spite of its often puzzling arguments.” — Thomas Kemple, University of British ColumbiaTable of ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroduction, Todd DufresneSigmund Freud: A Brief ChronologyTranslator’s Note, Gregory C. RichterThe Future of an IllusionAppendix A: “The Illusion of a Future”: Oskar Pfister’s Response to Freud’s The Future of an IllusionAppendix B: Other Works by Freud and Pfister on Religion Sigmund Freud, “Obsessive Actions and Religious Practices” (1907) From Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo (1913) From Sigmund Freud, “Scientific Interest in Psychoanalysis” (1913) From Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents (1930) From Sigmund Freud, Moses and Monotheism: Three Essays (1939) From Oskar Pfister, On the Psychology of Philosophical Thought (1923) ReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book explains the relationship between imagination and intellectual inquiry. It is written in the form of articles intended for academic readers. The book focuses on main subjects: proust, modern French poetry, and psychoanalysis.Table of Contents1. Remembering the Future Part I: Proust 2. Proust and Psychoanalysis 3. Plutarch to Proust: Exemplary Lives 4. Proust and the Art of Brevity 5. Proust and Italian Painting 6. Reading Proust between the Lines Part II: Modern French Poetry 7. The Question of Un Coup de dés 8. Genius at Nightfall: Mallarmé’s ‘Quand l’ombre menaça de la fatale loi...’ 9. Towards a Poetics of Mallarmé’s Late Prose 10. Sea and Structure in fin-de-siècle France: Mallarmé and Debussy 11. Mallarmé: Serenity and Violence 12. Mallarmé’s Last Things 13. Paul Valéry: Dream and the Unconscious 14. Paul Eluard Part III: Psychoanalysis 15. Lacan and Mallarmé: Theory as Word-Play 16. Memory and Desire in Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents 17. Psychoanalysis and Art: The Winnicott Legacy 18. Freud and the Art of Biography 19. Introduction to Sigmund Freud, an Outline of Psychoanalysis

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Book SynopsisÉlisabeth Roudinesco's bold reinterpretation of Sigmund Freud is a biography for the twenty-first centurya sympathetic yet impartial appraisal of a genius admired but misunderstood in his time and ours. Alert to tensions in his character and thought, she views Freud less as a scientific thinker than as an interpreter of civilization and culture.Trade ReviewDo we think we know all there is to know about Freud? Not even close. Élisabeth Roudinesco’s book is full of fresh facts about Freud’s life and potent interpretation of his work. A sparkling and highly original intellectual biography. -- Mark Edmundson, author of The Death of Sigmund Freud: The Legacy of His Last DaysThrough seamlessly and eloquently weaving together details from Freud’s time and our own, [Roudinesco] provides a refreshingly new and welcome account—warts and all. -- Janet Sayers * Times Higher Education *[Roudinesco] provides an insightful, balanced, and sympathetic portrait of Freud. As she assesses Freud’s revolutionary ideas about rationality, sexuality, and the unconscious, Roudinesco demonstrates that Freud was less a scientific thinker who uncovered universal truths than a product of his time: a genius, to be sure, but very much a bourgeois shaped by society, family, and politics in the late 19th century…Her critique has an especially persuasive force because it is grounded not only in an analysis of Freud’s books, diaries, and letters but from accounts of his sessions with patients. -- Glenn C. Altschuler * Psychology Today *What makes Freud: In His Time And Ours…such a captivating read, is the author’s ability to explain what are often complex, deeply-layered, and dark taboo subjects, into a language that is easily understood…[A] brilliant biography. -- J. P. O’Mallery * Irish Examiner *Élisabeth Roudinesco’s new biography, Freud: In His Time and Ours, is a welcome reminder of Freud’s considerable influence on 20th-century intellectual life. More important, she puts center stage Freud’s complex brand of rationalism and the full scope of his achievements, which went far beyond offering a cure for individuals. In particular, Roudinesco captures Freud’s recognition of the insurmountable ways in which our irrational desires and longings shape who we are and how we act. This correction is needed not only to give us a more accurate sense of Freud’s innovations, but also to contrast it against today’s more complacent assumptions about human rationality. Despite what economists and psychologists and political scientists insist, the rational self is not always master in its own house—whether in individual life or in collective experience…Roudinesco recounts Freud’s life and the development of his thought with great flair. -- Samuel Moyn * The Nation *Freud, a pioneer in creative biography, meets his analyst, a woman who illuminates modern psychology and social evolution for general audiences. This is perhaps the most important Freud biography since that of Jones, and a welcome corrective. -- E. James Lieberman * Library Journal (starred review) *A new standard…[A] masterful achievement…It has the…tangible mix of insouciance, scholarly thoroughness and psychoanalytic acumen, and it demonstrates Roudinesco’s critical and philosophical talent. The book’s strength is not so much in providing new material, although it does supply intriguing details about Freud’s patients and his relationships with family, friends, opponents and disciples. Rather, Roudinesco offers us a rereading of Freud that makes sense of him in relation to his emergence in the Jewish Vienna of the second half of the 19th century, and to the ‘old Europe’ to which he was so attached until it crumbled in the 20th. -- Stephen Frosh * Jewish Chronicle *[A] compelling biography…Forget the science: Roudinesco presents a brilliant cultural commentator, a man who married Romanticism and science in a way attractive to the belle époque. In fact, the biographer anchors Freud to his time and place in a way he himself—for all his focus on ‘civilization and its discontents’—never managed. -- Brian Bethune * Maclean’s *This is a book which eschews simple answers and is thus a significant milestone in our understanding of Freud… Roudinesco’s work is both comprehensive and subtle… In reclaiming [Freud] as ‘the master interpreter of civilization and culture,’ she has provided an invaluable service. -- Stuart Kelly * Scotland on Sunday *A revealing portrait of a cultural revolutionary. -- Bryce Christensen * Booklist (starred review) *A balanced account of one of the most exceptional and daring thinkers and writers to emerge in the modernist era. -- J.P. O’Malley * Irish Times *

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Book SynopsisThis anthology brings together 45 selections by a wide range of philosophers and other thinkers, and provides a representative sampling of the approaches to the study of human nature that have been taken within the western tradition.The selections range in time from the ancient Greeks to the 1990s, and in political orientation from the conservative individualism of Ayn Rand to the liberalism of John Rawls. Classic writings from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries are here (Descartes, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau, and so on), but so are a wide range of twentieth-century writings, including a number of feminist voices, the biological theory of Edward O. Wilson, and the cultural materialist theory of Marvin Harris. A substantial selection of Christian views of human nature is a central part of the anthology.The anthology is as notable for its depth as it is for its breadth; an important editorial principle has been to include a variety of substantial selections, thus allowing the reader to engage more readily with some of the complexities of each approach.Trade Review“The readings are skillfully selected. […] Although there is a decided emphasis on the moral, social and political dimensions of human nature, yet another nice feature is the inclusion of scientific approaches. On the whole this is a commendable anthology, […] expansive and engaging, filled with an instructive assortment of classical and contemporary readings, with just enough little-known, off-the-beaten-path selections to pique the interest of most any veteran instructor or beginning students.” — Philosophy in Review“I look forward to using the readings in my class on human nature—the selections are balanced, sensible, and promise to engage the reader. Loptson has done a fine job.” — Frederick Kaufman, Ithaca College“I cannot think of a better book to which to refer someone who wants to understand in a short compass what Aristotle, liberalism, Rousseau, Marx or feminism are all about. And Loptson makes a genuinely novel contribution to scholarship.” — Julian Young, University of AucklandTable of ContentsAncient and Early Modern Views of Human Nature Plato, Republic Aristotle, Nocomachean Ethics; Politics René Descartes, Principles of Psychology Francois de la Rochefoucald, Maxims Earl of Rochester, A Satire Against Mankind Christian Views of Human Nature St. Augustine, Confessions; On Free Choice of the Will St. Thomas Aquinas, On the Virtues in General; On Free Choice Martin Luther, The Freedom of a Christian John Locke, The Reasonableness of Christianity; The Second Treatise of Government; A Letter Concerning Toleration Joseph Butler, Fifteen Sermons Immanuel Kant, Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone Dietrich Bonhoeffer, A Testament to Freedom Liberalism Immanuel Kant, An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? Antoine-Nicolas de Concordet, Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind Wilhelm Von Humboldt, The Limits of State Action J. S. Mill, On Liberty L.T. Hobhouse, Liberalism John Rawls, Political Liberalism Conservative Individualism Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince Thomas Hobbes, The Leviathon James Boswell, The Life of Dr Johnson; Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, The Idler Simone Weil, The Need for Roots Ayn Rand, For the New Intellectual Michael Oakeshott, Rationalism in Politics Dialectical Theories of Human Nature Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origins of Inequality G.W.F. Hegel, Phenomenology of Mind; Philosophy of Right Karl Marx, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844; Thesis on Feuerbach; The German Ideology Friedrich Nietzche, On the Geneology of Morals Biological Theories Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man Edward O. Wilson, On Human Nature FreudSigmund Freud, Character and Culture; Civilization and its Discontents Behaviorism and Non-Self Theories David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature Julien de La Mettrie, Man a Machine J.B. Watson, The Ways of Behaviorism; Behaviourism Margaret A. Boden, Artificial Intelligence in Psychology Daniel C. Dennett, Consciousness Explained Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex Juliet Mitcell, Psychoanalysis and Feminism; Women: The Longest Revolution Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice. Katha Politt, Marooned on Gilligan’s Island: Are Women Morally Superior to Men? Some Contrary Voices Jean Paul Sartre, Existentialism and Humanism Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae Twentieth-Century Views in Sociology and Anthropology Ferdinand Tonnies, Community and Society. Marvin Harris, Cultural Materialism; Our Kind. Works Cited and Recommended Reading

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Book SynopsisA ground-breaking new anthology in the Art in Theoryseries, offering an examination of the changing relationships between the West and the wider world in the field of art and material culture Art in Theory: The West in the Worldis a ground-breaking anthology that comprehensively examines the relationship of Western art to the art and material culture of the wider world. EditorsPaul Wood and Leon Wainwright have included 370 texts, some of which appear in English for the first time. The anthologized texts are presented in eight chronological parts, which are then subdivided into key themes appropriate to each historical era. The majority of the texts are representations of changing ideas about the cultures of the world by European artists and intellectuals, but increasingly, as the modern period develops, and especially as colonialism is challenged, a variety of dissenting voices begin to claim their space, and a counter narrative to western hegemonTable of ContentsAcknowledgements xxvii A Note on the Presentation and Editing of Texts xxviii General Introduction xxxi I Encountering the World 1 Introduction 1 IA Figures of Wealth and Power 9 1 Robert of Clari from The Conquest of Constantinople 1204/1216 9 2 Giovanni di Pian de Carpini (‘John of Carpini’) from his Journey to the Court of Kuyuk Khan 1245–7 11 3 Marco Polo from The Travels c.1299 13 4 ‘Sir John Mandeville’ from his Travels c.1356 16 5 Various authors on artistic and cultural relations between Italian city states and the Ottoman and Mamluk empires during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries 18 5 (i) Sigismondo Malatesta of Rimini Letter of introduction for Matteo de’ Pasti to Mehmed II 1461 19 5 (ii) Marin Sanudo from his diary for 1 August 1479 20 5 (iii) Mehmed II to the Venetian Senate 1480 20 5 (iv) The Venetian Senate Letter to Mehmed II 1480 21 5 (v) Luca Landucci from his Florentine diary 1487 21 5 (vi) Leonardo da Vinci from a letter to Sultan Bayezid II before 1512 22 5 (vii) Tommaso di Tolfo from a letter to Michelangelo 1519 22 6 Giovanni da Empoli On India, Ceylon and the Spice Islands 1514 23 7 João de Castro from Roteiro de Goa até Dio 1540s 24 8 Simão de Melo from an inventory of his goods 1570s 26 9 Johann Huyghen van Linschoten On Indian religious art 1596 29 10 Duarte de Sande from ‘An Excellent Treatise of the Kingdom of China’ c.1590 32 11 Matteo Ricci from his journal c.1582–1610/1615 34 12 Jean‐Baptiste Tavernier On the Peacock Throne 38 IB Across the Ocean Sea 40 1 Christopher Columbus Two texts from his first voyage to America 1492 40 2 Amerigo Vespucci Letter to Lorenzo Pietro Franco de Medici 1503 43 3 Hernán Cortés Two letters from Mexico 1519 and 1520 45 4 Bartolomé de Las Casas from Apologetic History of the Indies c.1542–52 48 5 Toribio de Benavente (‘Motolinía’) from History of the Indians of New Spain 1536 51 6 First Provincial Council in Lima 1551–2 On the destruction of Indian sacred sites 52 7 Jean de Léry from History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil c.1563–80 53 8 Thomas Harriot from A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia 1590 54 9 Bernardo de Balbuena from Grandeza Mexicana 1604 57 10 Juan Rodriguez Freile On the legend of El Dorado 1636 60 11 John Lok A Voyage to Guinea in the year 1554 61 12 Olfert Dapper On the city of Benin 1668 62 13 William Dampier The first encounter with Indigenous Australian people c.1688/99 64 IC Scholarly Responses 66 1 Anon. from the Inventory of the Palazzo Medici 1492 66 2 Albrecht Dürer from his diary of his journey to the Netherlands 1520 70 3 Thomas Platter On Mr Cope’s cabinet of curiosities 1599 71 4 Michel de Montaigne ‘On the Cannibals’ c.1580s 74 5 Christopher Marlowe from Tamburlaine the Great c.1590 76 6 Francis Bacon ‘Of Plantations’ c.1597–1625 77 7 Francis Bacon from New Atlantis c.1620–5 79 8 Martin de Charmois from his Petition to the King and to the Lords of his Council 1648 81 9 Dorothy Osborne from letters to Sir William Temple 1653 82 10 Thomas Hobbes ‘Of the Naturall Condition of Mankind’ 1651 83 11 John Tradescant from the Museum Tradescantianum, or A Collection of Rarities 1656 83 12 John Dryden on the ‘Noble Savage’ 1670–2 91 13 Aphra Behn from Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave c.1663–4/1688 91 14 Charles Perrault from Parallel of the Ancients and Moderns 1688 93 15 William Temple On the distinctiveness of Chinese gardens 1690 94 16 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz from ‘Preface’ to Novissima Sinica c.1690 96 17 John Locke ‘Of Property’, from Two Treatises of Government c.1690 98 II Enlightenment and Expansion 101 Introduction 101 IIA The Orient in Fact and Fancy 109 1 Antoine Galland Preface to d’Herbelot’s Bibliothèque Orientale 1697 109 2 Anon. from The Arabian Nights Entertainments 1713 111 3 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu Letters from the Turkish Empire c.1716–18 114 4 Charles‐Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu from Persian Letters 1721 119 5 Joseph Addison from ‘The Pleasures of the Imagination’ 1712 120 6 John Shebbeare ‘The taste of England at present …’ 1756 121 7 Oliver Goldsmith from The Citizen of the World 1765 122 8 Sir William Chambers from A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening 1772 124 9 Sir William Jones from his Discourses to the Asiatick Society of Bengal 1784 and 1785 127 10 William Beckford of Fonthill from Vathek 1786 130 11 Sir George Staunton from his account of the Macartney embassy to China 1797 133 IIB Curiosities and Colonies 137 1 Hans Sloane from The Natural History of Jamaica c.1690/1707 137 2 Jonathan Swift from Gulliver’s Travels 1726 138 3 Louis Antoine de Bougainville On Tahiti 1768/72 140 4 A selection of texts from the Cook voyages to the Pacific 1768–80 143 4 (i) Joseph Banks On two figures and a Marae, or temple precinct, in Tahiti June 1769 145 4 (ii) James Cook Two accounts of the practice of tattooing 147 (a) in Tahiti July 1769 (b) in New Zealand March 1770 4 (iii) James Cook On the people of Australia April to August 1770 148 4 (iv) William Wales An account of music and dancing in Tahiti 1773 150 4 (v) George Forster An account of artefacts at Tonga October 1773 152 4 (vi) George Forster On the stone statues and wood carvings of Easter Island March 1774 153 5 Ignatius Sancho and Laurence Sterne An exchange of letters 1766 155 6 Manuel Amat y Junyent, Viceroy of Peru Letter on ‘Casta’ paintings 1770 157 7 Ignatius Sancho Letter to Jack Wingrave 1778 158 8 William Hodges from Travels in India 1780–3/1794 159 9 Thomas Jefferson from Notes on the State of Virginia 1787 162 10 Olaudah Equiano On the Middle Passage 1789 164 11 William Beckford of Somerley from A Descriptive Account of the Island of Jamaica 1790 167 12 Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) On revolution, slavery and the Wedgwood medallion 1791 170 IIC Changing Ideas and Values 172 1 David Hume from ‘Of National Characters’ 1748 172 2 Jean‐Jacques Rousseau from ‘A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences’ 1750 174 3 Comte de Caylus from A Collection of the Antiquities of Egypt 1752 177 4 Voltaire (François‐Marie Arouet) from Essay on the Manners and Spirit of Nations 1756/9 180 5 Voltaire (François‐Marie Arouet) from ‘Essay on Taste’ 1759 184 6 Immanuel Kant from Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime 1763 185 7 Johann Joachim Winckelmann from The History of Ancient Art 1764 188 8 John Millar Notes on the ‘Four Stages’ theory of human development 1760s 190 9 Denis Diderot ‘Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville’ 1772 191 10 Johann Gottfried Herder from A Monument to Johann Winckelmann 1778 194 11 Samuel Johnson On the state of nature 1766–84 197 12 Antoine Quatremère de Quincy from Egyptian Architecture 1785 199 13 Joshua Reynolds from his Discourses 1776 and 1786 202 14 Edward Gibbon Reflections on civilization and barbarism 1788 205 III Revolution, Romanticism, Reaction 209 Introduction 209 IIIA History: Between Spirit and Science 215 1 Johann Gottfried Herder from Outlines of a Philosophy of the History of Man 1790 215 2 Charles Bell from Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting 1806 218 3 Friedrich Schlegel ‘On the Language and Philosophy of the Indians’ 1808 221 4 Joseph Fourier from ‘Historical Preface’ to the Description of Egypt 1809 224 5 Edward Moor from The Hindu Pantheon 1810 226 6 Richard Payne Knight from An Inquiry into the Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and Mythology 1818 230 7 John Flaxman ‘Style’ c.1810–26 233 8 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel from Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art 1823–9 235 9 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel from Lectures on the Philosophy of World History 1830–1 241 10 John L. Stephens from Incidents of Travel in Yucatan 1843 244 11 Arthur Schopenhauer ‘On Human Nature’ c.1845–50 247 12 Gottfried Semper from The Four Elements of Architecture 1851 249 IIIB Visions of the Exotic 253 1 Samuel Taylor Coleridge ‘Kubla Khan’ 1798 253 2 Maria Edgeworth from The Absentee 1812 255 3 George Gordon, Lord Byron from The Giaour 1813 256 4 Thomas De Quincey from Confessions of an English Opium‐Eater 1821 261 5 Johann Wolfgang Goethe from the West‐Eastern Divan c.1814–19 264 6 Giacomo Leopardi from Zibaldone 1820–3 268 7 Alfred, Lord Tennyson from ‘Timbuctoo’ 1829 271 8 Eugène Delacroix Letters and notes on his journey to North Africa 1832 274 9 George Catlin ‘Letter from the Mouth of the Yellowstone River’ 1832 279 10 John Constable from ‘Discourses’ 1836 281 11 David Roberts From his travels to Egypt and the Middle East 1838–9 282 12 Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Notes on the Turkish Baths n.d. 285 IIIC Missionaries, Managers and Resistance 289 1 Thomas Paine from Rights of Man 1792 289 2 William Blake from America, a Prophecy 1793 292 3 Mirza Abu Talib (or Taleb) Khan from his Travels 1799/1800 293 4 Lady Maria Nugent from her journal 1801–5 297 5 William Wordsworth To Toussaint L’Ouverture 1802 299 6 James Mill from The History of British India 1817 300 7 Percy Bysshe Shelley ‘Ozymandias’ 1817 305 8 Henry Salt and Joseph Banks Two letters 1818–19 306 9 John Davy from An Account of the Interior of Ceylon 1821 307 10 William Ellis from Polynesian Researches 1829 309 11 Ram Raz from Essay on the Architecture of the Hindús 1834 313 12 Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord Macaulay Minute on Indian Education 1835 317 13 James Mallord William Turner, William Makepeace Thackeray and John Ruskin Three texts relating to J. M. W. Turner’s Slave Ship 1840 and 1843 320 IV Modernity and Empire 325 Introduction 325 IVA Enduring Fictions and Transformed Spaces 329 1 Théophile Gautier from ‘Art in 1848’ 1848 329 2 Théophile Gautier On Gérôme and Artistic Orientalism 1856 330 3 Théophile Thoré, writing as William Bürger, from ‘New Tendencies in Art’ 1857 332 4 Edmond and Jules de Goncourt on Japanese art 1861–4 334 5 Various authors on Japanese art and the ‘painting of modern life’ 336 5 (i) Charles Baudelaire from a letter to Arsène Houssaye 1861 336 5 (ii) Émile Zola On Manet 1867 337 5 (iii) Edmond Duranty On ‘the new painting’ 1876 338 5 (iv) Stéphane Mallarmé from ‘The Impressionists and Edouard Manet’ 1876 339 5 (v) Théodore Duret On Japan 1878 340 5 (vi) Félix Fénéon from ‘The Impressionists in 1886’ 1886 340 5 (vii) Vincent Van Gogh On Japan 1888 341 6 Philippe Burty ‘Ancient Japan and Modern Japan’ 1878 342 7 Joris-Karl Huysmans from A Rebours 1884 345 8 Pierre Loti from The Marriage of Loti 1872/1878–9 345 9 A cluster of texts on Gauguin and Oceania 347 9 (i) Paul Gauguin from three letters written before leaving for Polynesia 1890 348 9 (ii) Paul Gauguin from Noa Noa c.1894 349 9 (iii) August Strindberg and Paul Gauguin from an exchange of letters 1895 352 9 (iv) Paul Gauguin from Avant et après, Atuona, Hiva‐Oa 1903 353 10 Hermann Bahr Review of the Japanese exhibition at the sixth exhibition of the Vienna secession 1900 354 IVB Society, Evolution and the Idea of ‘Race’ 357 1 Robert Knox from The Races of Men 1850 357 2 Joseph‐Arthur, Comte de Gobineau from The Inequality of Human Races 1853–5 361 3 Solomon Northup from Twelve Years a Slave 1854 364 4 John Ruskin from The Two Paths 1858–9 366 5 Ernest Renan from ‘The Position of the Shemitic Nations in the History of Civilization’ 1862 369 6 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels On the emergence of the world system 1848 372 7 Karl Marx On the ‘Asiatic mode of production’ and modern capitalism 1853 373 8 The First International Address to the people of the United States of America 1865 376 9 Edmond de Goncourt from the Goncourt Journal 1871 377 10 Charles Darwin from The Descent of Man 1871/1874 378 11 Friedrich Nietzsche ‘Signs of Higher and Lower Culture’ 1878 381 12 Encyclopaedia Britannica Ninth edition: ‘Negro’ 1884 384 13 W. T. Stead ‘To All English‐speaking Folk’ 1891 387 14 R. H. Bacon from Benin: The City of Blood 1897 388 15 Rudyard Kipling ‘The White Man’s Burden’ 1899 390 IVC Anthropology, Museums and the Origins of Art 393 1 Owen Jones from The Grammar of Ornament 1856 393 2 Edward Tylor from Primitive Culture 1871 398 3 Augustus Lane‐Fox Pitt‐Rivers ‘Principles of Classification’ 1874 401 4 J. G. Frazer from The Golden Bough 1890 404 5 Ernst Grosse ‘Ethnology and Aesthetics’ 1891 407 6 Henry Balfour from The Evolution of Decorative Art 1893 410 7 Alfred Haddon from Evolution in Art 1895 414 8 Alois Riegl from Problems of Style 1893 417 9 Alois Riegl ‘The Place of the Vapheio Cups in the History of Art’ 1900 423 10 George Birdwood ‘Conventionalism in Primitive Art’ 1903 425 IVD The World in View: Travellers and Teachers 428 1 Gérard de Nerval from Scenes of Life in the Orient 1843/6–7 428 2 Gustave Flaubert On the pyramids 1850 430 3 Hiram Bingham from A Residence of Twenty‐One Years in the Sandwich Islands 1847 431 4 Sir Colin Campbell Letter to Lord Stanley 1846 434 5 Andrew Nicoll ‘A Sketching Tour of Five Weeks in the Forests of Ceylon’ 1848/52 436 6 Robert Fortune from A Residence Among the Chinese 1857 438 7 James Fergusson from History of Indian Architecture 1876 442 8 Rajendralal Mitra from Indo‐Aryans 1881 447 9 Robert Louis Stevenson On the South Seas 1889–90 451 10 C. H. Read and O. M. Dalton ‘Works of Art from Benin City’ 1898 452 11 Henry Ling Roth ‘Primitive Art from Benin’ 1899 456 12 Mary Kingsley from West African Studies 1899/1901 458 V The Significance of the ‘Primitive’ 463 Introduction 463 VA Authenticity, Form and Feeling 467 1 A cluster of short texts on the initial encounter of the European avant‐garde with African art in 1906–7 467 1 (i) André Derain Letter to Maurice de Vlaminck, March 1906 468 1 (ii) Maurice de Vlaminck On his ‘discovery’ of African art in 1906 469 1 (iii) Henri Matisse On his encounter with African Art in 1906 470 1 (iv) Pablo Picasso On his visit to the Trocadero museum in 1907 471 2 Wilhelm Worringer from Abstraction and Empathy 1908 473 3 Roger Fry ‘The Art of the Bushmen’ 1910 476 4 Guillaume Apollinaire ‘Exoticism and Ethnography’ 1912 480 5 Franz Marc Letter to August Macke 1911 482 6 Franz Marc ‘The Savages of Germany’ 1912 483 7 August Macke ‘Masks’ 1912 484 8 Emil Nolde ‘On Primitive Art’ 1912 485 9 Alexander Shevchenko ‘Neo‐Primitivism’ 1913 486 10 Henri Matisse On his visits to North Africa 1913 489 11 Paul Klee On his visit to Tunisia 1914 491 12 Hermann Bahr from Expressionism 1916 492 VB The Reach of Empire 494 1 James A. Hobson from Imperialism 1902 494 2 Charles Augustus Stoddard from Cruising Among the Caribbees 1895/1903 496 3 Edward Wilmot Blyden ‘West Africa Before Europe’ 1903 499 4 Kakuso Okakura from The Ideals of the East 1903 502 5 Sister Nivedita ‘Introduction’ to Okakura’s The Ideals of the East 1903 504 6 W. E. B. Du Bois from The Souls of Black Folk 1903 505 7 from the Harmsworth History of the World On the ‘degeneration’ of indigenous Australians 1908 508 8 Ananda Coomaraswamy ‘The Aims of Indian Art’ 1908 509 9 E. B. Havell ‘The New Indian School of Painting’ 1908 512 10 Lucien Lévy‐Bruhl from How Natives Think 1910/26 514 11 Leo Frobenius from The Voice of Africa 1913 519 12 Sigmund Freud from Totem and Taboo 1913 523 VI In a World of Colonies 529 Introduction 529 VIA Modern, Primitive, Universal 535 1 Guillaume Apollinaire ‘On the Art of the Blacks’ 1917 535 2 Guillaume Apollinaire On African and Oceanic sculptures 1918 537 3 Roger Fry ‘Negro Sculpture’ 1920 538 4 Florent Fels et al. ‘Opinions on Negro Art’ 1920 541 5 Herbert Read from Art Now 1933 544 6 James Johnson Sweeney ‘The Art of Negro Africa’ 1935 545 7 Alain Locke ‘African Art: Classic Style’ 1935 549 8 Robert Goldwater ‘A Definition of Primitivism’ 1938 551 9 Margaret Preston ‘Paintings in Arnhem Land’ 1940 554 10 Henry Moore ‘Primitive Art’ 1941 556 11 A cluster of short texts by American painters of the 1940s on primitive art and myth 557 11 (i) Adolph Gottlieb and Mark Rothko Statement 1943 558 11 (ii) Adolph Gottlieb and Mark Rothko from ‘The Portrait and the Modern Artist’ 1943 559 11 (iii) Jackson Pollock Answers to a questionnaire 1944 560 11 (iv) Barnett Newman ‘Pre‐Columbian Stone Sculpture’ 1944 560 11 (v) Barnett Newman ‘Art of the South Seas’ 1946 561 11 (vi) Barnett Newman ‘Northwest Coast Indian Painting’ 1946 562 11 (vii) Jackson Pollock Statement 1947/8 563 11 (viii) Mark Rothko from ‘The Romantics were prompted …’ 1947/8 563 VIB Western Civilization: For and Against 565 1 Rosa Luxemburg from The Accumulation of Capital – an Anti‐Critique 1915 565 2 Hermann Hesse ‘The European’ 1918 566 3 Ezra Pound from Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 1919 569 4 Oswald Spengler from The Decline of the West 1918 571 5 Rabindranath Tagore from Creative Unity 1922 574 6 The Third International ‘The Black Question’ 1922 577 7 W. E. B. Du Bois ‘Criteria of Negro Art’ 1926 579 8 Franz Boas from Primitive Art 1927 581 9 Alain Locke ‘Art or Propaganda’ 1928 584 10 Sigmund Freud from Civilization and Its Discontents 1930 586 11 Alfred Rosenberg from The Myth of the Twentieth Century 1930 589 12 Leo Frobenius ‘Reflections on African Art’ 1931 591 13 Walter Benjamin ‘Experience and Poverty’ 1933 595 14 Narranyeri (attributed to David Unaipon) ‘A Blackfellow’s Appeal to White Australia’ 1934 597 15 Edmund Husserl from ‘The Vienna Lecture’ 1935 599 16 Julius Lips from The Savage Hits Back 1937 603 17 Fernando Ortiz ‘The Social Phenomenon of “Transculturation”’ 1940 606 18 Eric Williams from Capitalism and Slavery 1944 609 VIC The Challenge of the Avant‐Garde 612 1 Voldemārs Matvejas/‘Vladimir Markov’ ‘Negro Art’ 1912–14/19 612 2 Carl Einstein from Negerplastik 1915 615 Contents xxi 3 Tristan Tzara ‘Chanson du serpent’/‘Song of the Snake’ 1917 619 4 Oswald de Andrade ‘Cannibalist Manifesto’ 1928 621 5 Sergei Eisenstein ‘The Cinematographic Principle and the Ideogram’ 1929 624 6 Len Lye Two letters 1929/30 629 7 The Surrealist group in Paris ‘Don’t Visit the Colonial Exhibition’ 1931 631 8 The Surrealist group at the Sorbonne from Legitimate Defence 1932 633 9 The Surrealist group in Paris ‘Murderous Humanitarianism’ 1934 635 10 Michel Leiris from L’Afrique fantôme/Phantom Africa 1934 637 11 Antonin Artaud ‘What I Came to Mexico to Do’ 1936 641 12 Josef Albers ‘Truthfulness in Art’ 1937 643 13 Art et Liberté group, Cairo ‘Long Live Degenerate Art’ 1938 647 14 Aimé Césaire from Notebook of a Return to My Native Land 1939 648 15 Claude Lévi‐Strauss ‘The Art of the Northwest Coast’ 1943 653 16 Pierre Mabille ‘The Jungle’ 1945 656 VII Independence and the Post-colonial 661 Introduction 661 VIIA Resituating Theory and Politics 667 1 Jean‐Paul Sartre from Black Orpheus 1948 667 2 Aimé Césaire from Discourse on Colonialism 1950/5 670 3 Claude Lévi‐Strauss from Tristes Tropiques 1955 675 4 Roland Barthes ‘African Grammar’ 1955/7 679 5 Frantz Fanon from ‘On National Culture’ 1959 683 6 George Kubler from The Shape of Time 1962 686 7 Michel Foucault from The Order of Things 1966 690 8 Edward Said from Orientalism 1978 694 9 Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari from Mille plateaux 1980 698 10 Johannes Fabian from Time and the Other 1983 702 VIIB Exhibitions, Museums and Histories Reimagined 706 1 André Malraux from ‘Museum Without Walls’ 1954 706 2 Aimé Césaire On the institution of the museum 1955 709 3 Carl Sandburg and Edward Steichen from The Family of Man 1955 710 4 Roland Barthes ‘The Great Family of Man’ 1956/7 713 5 Georges Bataille ‘The Cradle of Humanity’ 1959 715 6 Léopold Sédar Senghor from the First World Festival of Black Arts 1966 719 7 Robert Farris Thompson ‘Yoruba Artistic Criticism’ 1973 722 8 Ian Burn ‘Art is what we do, culture is what we do to other artists’ 1973 725 9 Linda Nochlin from ‘The Imaginary Orient’ 1982 729 10 Luis Camnitzer ‘Report from Havana: The First Biennial of Latin American Art’ 1984 731 11 William Rubin from ‘Primitivism’ in 20th Century Art 1984 734 12 James Clifford ‘Histories of the Tribal and the Modern’ 1985 738 13 Martin Bernal from Black Athena 1987 742 VIIC Beyond Modernism 746 1 David A. Siqueiros ‘Towards a New Integral Art’ 1948 746 2 Kazuo Shiraga ‘The Shaping of the Individual’ 1956 748 3 Ad Reinhardt ‘Timeless in Asia’ 1960 750 4 George Maciunas Fluxus Manifesto 1962 751 5 Anni Albers ‘Tapestry’ 1965 752 6 Hélio Oiticica from ‘General Scheme of the New Objectivity’ 1967 and ‘Tropicália’ 1968 754 7 María Teresa Gramuglio and Nicolás Rosa Tucumán Burns 1968 758 8 Marshall McLuhan and Quentin Fiore from War and Peace in the Global Village 1968 761 9 Robert Smithson ‘Incidents of Mirror‐Travel in the Yucatan’ 1969 764 10 Nam June Paik ‘Global Groove and the Video Common Market’ 1970 767 11 Joseph Beuys ‘Manifesto on the Foundation of a “Free International School for Creativity and Interdisciplinary Research”’ 1973 770 12 Terry Smith ‘The Provincialism Problem’ 1974 773 13 Robert Morris ‘Aligned with Nazca’ 1975 776 14 Lothar Baumgarten from ‘Conquering the Southern Continent in the Haze of a Sixpenny Cigar’ 1978/2010 780 15 Alfredo Jaar Statement 1984 783 VIID Asserting Identity 785 1 F. N. Souza ‘Nirvana of a Maggot’ 1955 785 2 James Baldwin ‘Princes and Powers’ 1957 788 3 Uche Okeke ‘Growth of an Idea’ 1959 and ‘Natural Synthesis’ 1960 792 4 Aubrey Williams ‘The Predicament Of The Artist In The Caribbean’ 1968 794 5 Larry Neal from ‘The Black Arts Movement’ 1968 796 6 Frank Bowling ‘It’s Not Enough to Say Black is Beautiful’ 1971 798 7 Faith Ringgold Interview on For The Women’s House 1972 802 8 Papa Ibra Tall ‘Negritude and Contemporary Plastic Art’ 1972 806 9 Edward ‘Kamau’ Brathwaite from Contradictory Omens 1974 808 10 Rasheed Araeen ‘Preliminary Notes for a Black Manifesto’ 1978 813 11 Ana Mendieta ‘Introduction’ to Dialectics of Isolation 1980 816 12 Isaac Julien and Kobena Mercer ‘De Margin and De Centre’ 1988 817 VIII The Global Turn 821 Introduction 821 VIIIA Critical Revisions: Theory and History 827 1 Rasheed Araeen ‘Why Third Text?’ 1987 827 2 Peter Wollen ‘Tourism, Language and Art’ 1990 830 3 Homi K. Bhabha ‘The Postcolonial and the Postmodern’ 1992/4 833 4 Arjun Appadurai from Modernity at Large 1996 836 5 Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri from Empire 2000 840 6 Irit Rogoff On visual culture 2000 844 7 Richard Bell ‘Bell’s Theorem: Aboriginal Art – It’s a White Thing’ 2003 847 8 Dipesh Chakrabarty from Provincializing Europe 2000 852 9 Immanuel Wallerstein from World‐Systems Analysis 2004 855 10 James Elkins from is Art History Global? 2007 858 11 Partha Mitter ‘Decentering Modernism’ 2008 862 12 Fredric Jameson from A Singular Modernity 2012 865 13 Aruna D’Souza Introduction to In the Wake of the Global Turn 2014 869 14 Peter Weibel ‘Modernity Reset: Renaissance 2.0’ 2016 872 VIIIB Diversity, Translation, Creolization and Identity 876 1 Stuart Hall ‘New Ethnicities’ 1988 876 2 Édouard Glissant ‘Creolisation and the Americas’ 1992 880 3 Sonia Boyce and Manthia Diawara ‘The Art of Identity: A Conversation’ 1996 883 4 Paul Gilroy from The Black Atlantic 1993 888 5 Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gómez‐Peña Interview with Anna Johnson 1993 891 6 Sarat Maharaj ‘Perfidious Fidelity; the Untranslatability of the Other’ 1994 894 7 Gordon Bennett Letter to Jean‐Michel Basquiat 1998 897 8 Antonio Benítez‐Rojo ‘Three Words toward Creolization’ 1998 899 9 Edward Said ‘The Art of Displacement’ 2000 902 10 Fred Wilson and Kwame Anthony Appiah ‘Fragments of a Conversation’ 2006 905 11 Homi K. Bhabha ‘Another Country’ 2006 909 12 Yinka Shonibare Interview with Bernard Müller 2007 913 13 Fiona Tan ‘Other Facets of the Same Globe’ 2009 916 14 Lubaina Himid ‘We are Us not Other’ 2012 919 15 Kara Walker ‘A Sonorous Subtlety’: an interview with Kara Rooney 2014 922 16 Fred Moten On the art of Chris Ofili, from ‘Blue Vespers’ 2017 925 VIIIC Global Art and the Museum 930 1 Jean‐Hubert Martin Preface to Magiciens de la terre 1989 930 2 Rasheed Araeen from The Other Story 1989 933 3 Llilian Llanes Godoy ‘Introduction’ to the Third Havana Biennial 1989 937 4 Luis Camnitzer, Jane Farver and Rachel Weiss ‘Foreword’ to Global Conceptualism 1999 941 5 Salah M. Hassan and Olu Oguibe from Authentic/Ex‐Centric 2002 945 6 Okwui Enwezor ‘The Black Box’ 2002 948 7 Artforum Roundtable discussion on ‘Global Tendencies’ 2003 953 8 Kwame Anthony Appiah ‘Whose Culture is It Anyway?’ 2006 957 9 Chin‐Tao Wu ‘Biennials Without Borders?’ 2009 961 10 Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak 2012 ‘Sign and Trace’ 965 11 Hans Belting and Andrea Buddensieg ‘From Art World to Art Worlds’ 2013 969 12 Clémentine Deliss ‘Stored Code’ and ‘Foreign Exchange’ 2012/14 972 VIIID Concerning the Contemporary 976 1 Geeta Kapur ‘Contemporary Cultural Practice: Some Polemical Categories’ 1990 976 2 Slavoj Žižek ‘Multiculturalism, or, the Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism’ 1997 979 3 Nicolas Bourriaud from Relational Aesthetics 1998/2002 982 4 William Kentridge Interview with Dan Cameron 2000/1 987 5 Grant Kester ‘A Critical Framework for Dialogical Practice’ 2004 990 6 Terry Smith from What is Contemporary Art? 2009 994 7 Hal Foster, Miwon Kwon, Chika Okeke‐Agulu, Alexander Alberro, Christopher P. Heuer, Matthew Jesse Jackson and Andrew Perchuk, Responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Contemporary’ 2009 998 8 Ai Weiwei ‘Epilogue’ to his blog 2006–9 1005 9 Francis Alÿs ‘Francis Alÿs: A to Z’ 2010 1008 10 Romuald Hazoumè Cargoland 2012 1011 11 Gerardo Mosquera ‘Beyond Anthropophagy’ 2013 1013 12 Xu Bing ‘On Holding a Retrospective’ 2014 1017 13 Doris Salcedo ‘A Work in Mourning’ 2014/15 1018 14 Hito Steyerl ‘If You Don’t Have Bread, Eat Art!’ 2017 1021 15 Art & Language from Flags for Organisations 2018 1025 Bibliography 1028 Copyright Acknowledgements 1058 Index 1086

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