Description

Book Synopsis

This book approaches the HCI topic from the point of view that any individual working this field needs to have enough knowledge in all the different areas such as storage, storage networking, compute, virtualization, switching and routing and automation. The book will explain each area in the context of a legacy data center design, detailing the problem statement for the particular technology and how HCI solves the problem and to what extent. Equipped with such knowledge the IT professional whether at a technical or management level will be well prepared to evaluate the need to move into the HCI and to find the best approach and timeline to move from a legacy data center design to an HCI design.

The HCI for Data center book will be the bible for IT professionals, technical and management, in all technology areas, and will guide them through the decision process to move in the HCI direction.



Table of Contents
Introduction xxiv
PART I: BASICS OF DATA CENTER NETWORKING AND STORAGE 1
Chapter 1 Data Networks: Existing Designs 3
Information Technology Equipment of a Data Center 4
Network Equipment 4
Networking Services 4
Multitier Data Networking Architecture 6
Logical Server Grouping 8
Challenges of Existing Designs 9
Oversubscription Between the Tiers 9
Large Flat L2 Networks with Stretched VLANs 10
Traffic Hopping Between Tiers, Inducing Latency 11
Complexity of Mechanisms Used for IPv4 Address Scarcity 12
Flooding of Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) Traffic 15
Loop Prevention Via Spanning Tree 16
Firewall Overload 17
Chapter 2 Storage Networks: Existing Designs 19
The Storage View of Multitier Designs 20
Types of Disk Drives 21
Hard Disk Drives 22
Solid-State Drives 23
Disk Performance 23
Throughput or Transfer Speed 24
Access Time 24
Latency and IOPS 24
RAID 26
RAID 0 26
RAID 1 26
RAID 1+0 26
RAID 0+1 27
RAID 5 28
RAID 6 29
Storage Controllers 30
Logical Unit Numbers 31
Logical Volume Manager 33
Block-, File-, and Object-Level Storage 35
Block-Level Storage 35
File-Level Storage 35
Object-Based Storage 36
Storage-to-Server Connectivity 37
Direct-Attached Storage (DAS) 38
Network-Attached Storage 39
Storage Area Networks 40
iSCSI SANs 46
Fibre Channel over Ethernet SANs 49
Storage Efficiency Technologies 50
Thin Provisioning 50
Snapshots 51
Cloning 55
Replication 55
Deduplication 55
Data Compression 58
Disk Encryption 59
Storage Tiering 59
Caching Storage Arrays 60

PART II: EVOLUTION IN HOST HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 63
Chapter 3 Host Hardware Evolution 65
Advancements in Compute 65
x86 Standard Architecture 66
Single-, Multi-, and Many-Cores CPUs 66
Physical Cores Versus Virtual Cores Versus Logical Cores 67
Virtual CPU 68
Evolution in Host Bus Interconnect 70
Non-Volatile Memory Express 71
Emergence of Flash-Based Products 72
Enhancement in Flash Technology 73
New Breed of Storage Arrays Falls Short 73
Chapter 4 Server Virtualization 77
The Virtualization Layer 78
Type 1 Hypervisor 79
Type 2 Hypervisor 80
Docker Containers 80
Datastores 82
Virtual Machine Creation 84
Virtualization Services 86
Clusters of Servers or Nodes 86
VM Migration 87
High Availability 88
Fault Tolerance 89
Compute Load Balancing 89
Storage Migration 90
Storage Load Balancing 90
Provisioning and Management 90
Virtual Switching 90
Chapter 5 Software-Defined Storage 95
SDS Objectives 96
Preserving the Legacy and Offering New Features 97
vSphere APIs for Storage Awareness (VASA) and VVols 99
Creating More Granular Volumes with VVols 100
Learning Storage Array Capabilities Through VASA 102
Integration with Storage Policy-Based Management 103

PART III: HYPERCONVERGED INFRASTRUCTURE 105
Chapter 6 Converged Infrastructure 107
Cisco UCS–The First Step in Convergence 108
The Converged Systems 112
Pros of Converged Systems 114
Converged Systems Cons 114
Chapter 7 HCI Functionality 117
Distributed DAS Architecture 118
Distributed Controllers 119
Scale-Out Architecture 120
HCI Performance 120
Resiliency Against Hardware Failures via Replication 121
File Systems 122
Change in the Provisioning Model 124
Hardware Acceleration 125
Networking Integration 125
Advanced Data Storage Functionality 127
Deduplication and Compression 128
Erasure Coding 128
Replication and Backup for Disaster Recovery 129
HCI Security 130
HCI Provisioning, Management, and Monitoring 131
Chapter 8 HCI Business Benefits and Use Cases 135
HCI Business Benefits 136
Fast Deployment 136
Easier-to-Scale Infrastructure 136
Enhanced IT Operational Model 137
Easier System Management 138
Public Cloud Agility in a Private Cloud 138
Higher Availability at Lower Costs 139
Low-Entry Cost Structure 139
Reduced Total Cost of Ownership 140
HCI Use Cases 140
Server Virtualization 140
DevOps 141
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure 141
Remote Office Business Office (ROBO) 144
Edge Computing 146
Tier-1 Enterprise Class Applications 146
Data Protection and Disaster Recovery 148

PART IV: CISCO HYPERFLEX 151
Chapter 9 Cisco HyperFlex 153
HyperFlex Physical Components 154
Cisco HyperFlex Hybrid Nodes 156
Cisco HyperFlex All-Flash Nodes 156
Cisco HyperFlex Edge Nodes 157
Cisco HyperFlex Compute-Only Nodes 157
Cisco UCS 6200 and 6300 Fabric Interconnect 158
Cisco C220/C240 M4/M5 Rack Servers 158
Cisco VIC MLOM Interface Card 159
Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Chassis 159
HyperFlex Performance Benchmarks 160
Integration with UCS 162
Logical Network Design 162
Service Templates and Profiles 164
vNIC Templates 166
HyperFlex Integration with External Storage 167
Cisco’s HX Data Platform 168
HX Data Platform Controller 169
HyperFlex in VMware ESXi Environment 170
HyperFlex in Hyper-V Environment 171
Docker Containers Support and Volume Driver 172
HyperFlex Data Distribution 174
Details of Read and Write Operations 181
Advanced Data Services 187
Deduplication and Compression 187
Snapshots 188
Cloning 189
Asynchronous Native Replication for DR with Remote Clusters 189
Synchronous Native Replication for DR with Stretched Clusters 190
Integration with Third-Party Backup Tools 191
HyperFlex Security 192
Chapter 10 Deploying, Provisioning, and Managing HyperFlex 197
Installation Phase 197
HyperFlex Workload Profiler 199
HyperFlex Sizer 199
Management Provisioning and Monitoring 199
Cisco HyperFlex Connect HTML5 Management 200
VMware vSphere Management Plug-In 203
Cisco Intersight 204
Chapter 11 HyperFlex Workload Optimization and Efficiency 211
Enterprise Workload Issues 211
HyperFlex with Cisco Tetration 212
Data Collection 214
Tetration Analytics Cluster 214
Open Access 215
Using the Data 215
Cisco Workload Optimizer 216
Cisco AppDynamics 217

PART V: ALTERNATIVE HCI IMPLEMENTATIONS 221
Chapter 12 VMware vSAN 223
vSAN Physical Components 224
vSAN Hyperconvergence Software 225
The Object File System 226
vSAN Datastore 228
vSAN Storage Policies 228
Caching 232
I/O Operation Details 232
vSAN Advanced Functionality 233
Data Integrity 234
Data Encryption 234
Deduplication and Compression 235
Erasure Coding 236
Snapshots 236
Cloning 236
vSAN Replication for Disaster Recovery via Stretched Clusters 238
vSAN Backup for Disaster Recovery 241
Integration with Legacy SAN and NAS 243
vSAN iSCSI Target 243
vSAN and VVols 243
SMB and NFS Support 244
Persistent Storage for Containers 244
vSAN Management 244
Graphical Interfaces 244
Ease of Installation 245
Cloud-Connected Health Checks 245
Performance Diagnostics 245
VMware Update Manager 245
vSAN vRealize Operations and Log Insight 245
Thoughts on vSAN Versus HyperFlex 246
Hardware Comparison 247
Scaling Up 247
vSAN In-Kernel Versus Controller-Based Solutions 248
Distributed Versus Not-So-Distributed File System 249
One-to-One Versus Many-to-Many Rebuild 250
Implementations of Compute-Only Nodes 250
Advanced Data Services 251
Management Software 252
Networking 252
Chapter 13 Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform 255
Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform 256
ECP Hyperconvergence Software 257
Distributed Storage Fabric 257
Nutanix Cluster Components 258
Physical Drive Breakdown 260
I/O Path 261
Write I/O 261
Read I/O 262
Data Protection 262
Metadata 263
Availability Domains 263
Data Path Resiliency 264
Nutanix Advanced Functionality 264
Deduplication 264
Data Compression 265
Erasure Coding 266
Disk Balancing 266
Storage Tiering 267
Snapshots and Clones 268
Shadow Clones 269
Era Database Services 269
Backup and Restore, Replication, and Disaster Recovery 270
Metro Availability: Stretch Clustering 271
Data At Rest Encryption 272
Nutanix Acropolis Block Services 272
Nutanix Acropolis File Services 273
Support for Hyper-V 274
Docker Containers 275
Provisioning, Managing, and Monitoring 275
Infrastructure Management 276
Operational Insight 277
Nutanix Tools 278
Calm Orchestration Tool 278
The Nutanix Competitive Landscape 279
Hardware Comparison 280
Distributed Architecture 281
Log-Structured Versus Write-in-Place File System 282
Data Tiering 282
Deduplication 283
Data Locality 285
Chapter 14 Open Source–Compute and Storage 289
OpenStack 290
Nova 294
Cinder Block Storage 296
Swift 297
Proxy Server 298
Ceph 300

PART VI: HYPERCONVERGED NETWORKING 305
Chapter 15 Software-Defined Networking and Open Source 307
The SDN Background 308
The Overlay and Microsegmentation Edge 309
Host-Based Networking 310
Switch-Based Networking 312
The Switching Fabric 313
The Underlay Network 315
The Overlay Network 315
Microsegmentation in the Data Center 319
Networking Open Source Initiatives 320
Neutron 320
OVS Architecture 322
OVN–The Open Source SDN 324
Open vSwitch 325
OVN 326
State of Vendors with Open Source 331
Chapter 16 VMware NSX 335
Setting and Enforcing Policies in NSX 336
Security Groups 336
Security Policy 337
Policy Enforcement 338
The NSX Manager and Controller Cluster 339
NSX Manager 339
The NSX Controller Cluster 340
Enhancements for vDS 341
Flooding Avoidance 342
NSX L2 Switching and L3 Routing 343
NSX L2 Switching 343
NSX IP Routing 343
Handling of Multidestination Traffic 346
Chapter 17 Application-Centric Infrastructure 351
Cisco Application-Centric Infrastructure 352
ACI Microsegmentation Constructs 353
The Endpoint Groups 353
Application Network Profile 355
Service Graphs 358
ACI Tetration Model 360
Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller 360
ACI Domains 362
Virtual Machine Manager Domain 362
Physical and External Domains 364
The ACI Fabric Switching and Routing Constructs 365
Tenant 366
VRF 366
Bridge Domain 366
EPG 366
Virtual and Physical Connectivity to the ACI Fabric 367
Virtual Connectivity to the Fabric 367
Physical Connectivity to the Fabric 368
The ACI Switching and Routing Terminology 369
The ACI Underlay Network 371
Handling External Routes 372
ACI Fabric Load Balancing 373
The ACI Overlay and VXLAN 373
The VXLAN Instance ID 376
L2 Switching in the Overlay 378
L3 Switching/Routing in the Overlay 380
Multicast in the Overlay Versus Multicast in the Underlay 383
ACI Multi-PoD 383
ACI Multi-Site 384
ACI Anywhere 386
High-Level Comparison Between ACI and NSX 386
Policy Setting 387
Policy Enforcement 388
Performance Requirement for VXLAN 388
Control Plane 389
Performance of Data Forwarding 390
Automation and Visibility in the Fabric 390
Networking Learning Curve 391

PART VII: PUBLIC, PRIVATE, HYBRID, AND MULTICLOUD 393
Chapter 18 The Public Cloud 395
The Cloud Services 395
Infrastructure as a Service 396
Platform as a Service 397
Software as a Service 397
Amazon Web Services 398
AWS Global Infrastructure with Regions and Availability Zones 399
Networking 401
Storage 404
Launching Multitier Applications in AWS 409
Compute Instances 409
Amazon Machine Images 410
Security Groups 410
Identity and Access Management 411
Launching an EC2 Instance 412
Cloud Monitoring 416
Cloud Automation 416
Infrastructure as a Code 417
Software Development Kits 420
Chapter 19 The Private Cloud 423
What Is a Private Cloud? 423
Convergence and Hyperconvergence 425
Automation and Orchestration 425
Cisco UCS Director 427
UCS Director Policies 427
Virtual Data Center 429
Orchestration Concepts 430
Catalogs 431
Integration Between UCSD and HyperFlex 431
UCSD Interfaces 433
APIs and Infrastructure as a Code 434
Chapter 20 Hybrid Cloud and Multicloud 439
Why Hybrid Cloud? 440
Why Multicloud? 442
Cisco CloudCenter 446
Looking Ahead 450
Glossary 451
Index 475

Hyperconverged Infrastructure Data Centers:

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    A Paperback / softback by Sam Halabi

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      Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
      Publication Date: Publication Date: 11/02/2019
      ISBN13: 9781587145100, 978-1587145100
      ISBN10: 1587145103

      Description

      Book Synopsis

      This book approaches the HCI topic from the point of view that any individual working this field needs to have enough knowledge in all the different areas such as storage, storage networking, compute, virtualization, switching and routing and automation. The book will explain each area in the context of a legacy data center design, detailing the problem statement for the particular technology and how HCI solves the problem and to what extent. Equipped with such knowledge the IT professional whether at a technical or management level will be well prepared to evaluate the need to move into the HCI and to find the best approach and timeline to move from a legacy data center design to an HCI design.

      The HCI for Data center book will be the bible for IT professionals, technical and management, in all technology areas, and will guide them through the decision process to move in the HCI direction.



      Table of Contents
      Introduction xxiv
      PART I: BASICS OF DATA CENTER NETWORKING AND STORAGE 1
      Chapter 1 Data Networks: Existing Designs 3
      Information Technology Equipment of a Data Center 4
      Network Equipment 4
      Networking Services 4
      Multitier Data Networking Architecture 6
      Logical Server Grouping 8
      Challenges of Existing Designs 9
      Oversubscription Between the Tiers 9
      Large Flat L2 Networks with Stretched VLANs 10
      Traffic Hopping Between Tiers, Inducing Latency 11
      Complexity of Mechanisms Used for IPv4 Address Scarcity 12
      Flooding of Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) Traffic 15
      Loop Prevention Via Spanning Tree 16
      Firewall Overload 17
      Chapter 2 Storage Networks: Existing Designs 19
      The Storage View of Multitier Designs 20
      Types of Disk Drives 21
      Hard Disk Drives 22
      Solid-State Drives 23
      Disk Performance 23
      Throughput or Transfer Speed 24
      Access Time 24
      Latency and IOPS 24
      RAID 26
      RAID 0 26
      RAID 1 26
      RAID 1+0 26
      RAID 0+1 27
      RAID 5 28
      RAID 6 29
      Storage Controllers 30
      Logical Unit Numbers 31
      Logical Volume Manager 33
      Block-, File-, and Object-Level Storage 35
      Block-Level Storage 35
      File-Level Storage 35
      Object-Based Storage 36
      Storage-to-Server Connectivity 37
      Direct-Attached Storage (DAS) 38
      Network-Attached Storage 39
      Storage Area Networks 40
      iSCSI SANs 46
      Fibre Channel over Ethernet SANs 49
      Storage Efficiency Technologies 50
      Thin Provisioning 50
      Snapshots 51
      Cloning 55
      Replication 55
      Deduplication 55
      Data Compression 58
      Disk Encryption 59
      Storage Tiering 59
      Caching Storage Arrays 60

      PART II: EVOLUTION IN HOST HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 63
      Chapter 3 Host Hardware Evolution 65
      Advancements in Compute 65
      x86 Standard Architecture 66
      Single-, Multi-, and Many-Cores CPUs 66
      Physical Cores Versus Virtual Cores Versus Logical Cores 67
      Virtual CPU 68
      Evolution in Host Bus Interconnect 70
      Non-Volatile Memory Express 71
      Emergence of Flash-Based Products 72
      Enhancement in Flash Technology 73
      New Breed of Storage Arrays Falls Short 73
      Chapter 4 Server Virtualization 77
      The Virtualization Layer 78
      Type 1 Hypervisor 79
      Type 2 Hypervisor 80
      Docker Containers 80
      Datastores 82
      Virtual Machine Creation 84
      Virtualization Services 86
      Clusters of Servers or Nodes 86
      VM Migration 87
      High Availability 88
      Fault Tolerance 89
      Compute Load Balancing 89
      Storage Migration 90
      Storage Load Balancing 90
      Provisioning and Management 90
      Virtual Switching 90
      Chapter 5 Software-Defined Storage 95
      SDS Objectives 96
      Preserving the Legacy and Offering New Features 97
      vSphere APIs for Storage Awareness (VASA) and VVols 99
      Creating More Granular Volumes with VVols 100
      Learning Storage Array Capabilities Through VASA 102
      Integration with Storage Policy-Based Management 103

      PART III: HYPERCONVERGED INFRASTRUCTURE 105
      Chapter 6 Converged Infrastructure 107
      Cisco UCS–The First Step in Convergence 108
      The Converged Systems 112
      Pros of Converged Systems 114
      Converged Systems Cons 114
      Chapter 7 HCI Functionality 117
      Distributed DAS Architecture 118
      Distributed Controllers 119
      Scale-Out Architecture 120
      HCI Performance 120
      Resiliency Against Hardware Failures via Replication 121
      File Systems 122
      Change in the Provisioning Model 124
      Hardware Acceleration 125
      Networking Integration 125
      Advanced Data Storage Functionality 127
      Deduplication and Compression 128
      Erasure Coding 128
      Replication and Backup for Disaster Recovery 129
      HCI Security 130
      HCI Provisioning, Management, and Monitoring 131
      Chapter 8 HCI Business Benefits and Use Cases 135
      HCI Business Benefits 136
      Fast Deployment 136
      Easier-to-Scale Infrastructure 136
      Enhanced IT Operational Model 137
      Easier System Management 138
      Public Cloud Agility in a Private Cloud 138
      Higher Availability at Lower Costs 139
      Low-Entry Cost Structure 139
      Reduced Total Cost of Ownership 140
      HCI Use Cases 140
      Server Virtualization 140
      DevOps 141
      Virtual Desktop Infrastructure 141
      Remote Office Business Office (ROBO) 144
      Edge Computing 146
      Tier-1 Enterprise Class Applications 146
      Data Protection and Disaster Recovery 148

      PART IV: CISCO HYPERFLEX 151
      Chapter 9 Cisco HyperFlex 153
      HyperFlex Physical Components 154
      Cisco HyperFlex Hybrid Nodes 156
      Cisco HyperFlex All-Flash Nodes 156
      Cisco HyperFlex Edge Nodes 157
      Cisco HyperFlex Compute-Only Nodes 157
      Cisco UCS 6200 and 6300 Fabric Interconnect 158
      Cisco C220/C240 M4/M5 Rack Servers 158
      Cisco VIC MLOM Interface Card 159
      Cisco UCS 5108 Blade Chassis 159
      HyperFlex Performance Benchmarks 160
      Integration with UCS 162
      Logical Network Design 162
      Service Templates and Profiles 164
      vNIC Templates 166
      HyperFlex Integration with External Storage 167
      Cisco’s HX Data Platform 168
      HX Data Platform Controller 169
      HyperFlex in VMware ESXi Environment 170
      HyperFlex in Hyper-V Environment 171
      Docker Containers Support and Volume Driver 172
      HyperFlex Data Distribution 174
      Details of Read and Write Operations 181
      Advanced Data Services 187
      Deduplication and Compression 187
      Snapshots 188
      Cloning 189
      Asynchronous Native Replication for DR with Remote Clusters 189
      Synchronous Native Replication for DR with Stretched Clusters 190
      Integration with Third-Party Backup Tools 191
      HyperFlex Security 192
      Chapter 10 Deploying, Provisioning, and Managing HyperFlex 197
      Installation Phase 197
      HyperFlex Workload Profiler 199
      HyperFlex Sizer 199
      Management Provisioning and Monitoring 199
      Cisco HyperFlex Connect HTML5 Management 200
      VMware vSphere Management Plug-In 203
      Cisco Intersight 204
      Chapter 11 HyperFlex Workload Optimization and Efficiency 211
      Enterprise Workload Issues 211
      HyperFlex with Cisco Tetration 212
      Data Collection 214
      Tetration Analytics Cluster 214
      Open Access 215
      Using the Data 215
      Cisco Workload Optimizer 216
      Cisco AppDynamics 217

      PART V: ALTERNATIVE HCI IMPLEMENTATIONS 221
      Chapter 12 VMware vSAN 223
      vSAN Physical Components 224
      vSAN Hyperconvergence Software 225
      The Object File System 226
      vSAN Datastore 228
      vSAN Storage Policies 228
      Caching 232
      I/O Operation Details 232
      vSAN Advanced Functionality 233
      Data Integrity 234
      Data Encryption 234
      Deduplication and Compression 235
      Erasure Coding 236
      Snapshots 236
      Cloning 236
      vSAN Replication for Disaster Recovery via Stretched Clusters 238
      vSAN Backup for Disaster Recovery 241
      Integration with Legacy SAN and NAS 243
      vSAN iSCSI Target 243
      vSAN and VVols 243
      SMB and NFS Support 244
      Persistent Storage for Containers 244
      vSAN Management 244
      Graphical Interfaces 244
      Ease of Installation 245
      Cloud-Connected Health Checks 245
      Performance Diagnostics 245
      VMware Update Manager 245
      vSAN vRealize Operations and Log Insight 245
      Thoughts on vSAN Versus HyperFlex 246
      Hardware Comparison 247
      Scaling Up 247
      vSAN In-Kernel Versus Controller-Based Solutions 248
      Distributed Versus Not-So-Distributed File System 249
      One-to-One Versus Many-to-Many Rebuild 250
      Implementations of Compute-Only Nodes 250
      Advanced Data Services 251
      Management Software 252
      Networking 252
      Chapter 13 Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform 255
      Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform 256
      ECP Hyperconvergence Software 257
      Distributed Storage Fabric 257
      Nutanix Cluster Components 258
      Physical Drive Breakdown 260
      I/O Path 261
      Write I/O 261
      Read I/O 262
      Data Protection 262
      Metadata 263
      Availability Domains 263
      Data Path Resiliency 264
      Nutanix Advanced Functionality 264
      Deduplication 264
      Data Compression 265
      Erasure Coding 266
      Disk Balancing 266
      Storage Tiering 267
      Snapshots and Clones 268
      Shadow Clones 269
      Era Database Services 269
      Backup and Restore, Replication, and Disaster Recovery 270
      Metro Availability: Stretch Clustering 271
      Data At Rest Encryption 272
      Nutanix Acropolis Block Services 272
      Nutanix Acropolis File Services 273
      Support for Hyper-V 274
      Docker Containers 275
      Provisioning, Managing, and Monitoring 275
      Infrastructure Management 276
      Operational Insight 277
      Nutanix Tools 278
      Calm Orchestration Tool 278
      The Nutanix Competitive Landscape 279
      Hardware Comparison 280
      Distributed Architecture 281
      Log-Structured Versus Write-in-Place File System 282
      Data Tiering 282
      Deduplication 283
      Data Locality 285
      Chapter 14 Open Source–Compute and Storage 289
      OpenStack 290
      Nova 294
      Cinder Block Storage 296
      Swift 297
      Proxy Server 298
      Ceph 300

      PART VI: HYPERCONVERGED NETWORKING 305
      Chapter 15 Software-Defined Networking and Open Source 307
      The SDN Background 308
      The Overlay and Microsegmentation Edge 309
      Host-Based Networking 310
      Switch-Based Networking 312
      The Switching Fabric 313
      The Underlay Network 315
      The Overlay Network 315
      Microsegmentation in the Data Center 319
      Networking Open Source Initiatives 320
      Neutron 320
      OVS Architecture 322
      OVN–The Open Source SDN 324
      Open vSwitch 325
      OVN 326
      State of Vendors with Open Source 331
      Chapter 16 VMware NSX 335
      Setting and Enforcing Policies in NSX 336
      Security Groups 336
      Security Policy 337
      Policy Enforcement 338
      The NSX Manager and Controller Cluster 339
      NSX Manager 339
      The NSX Controller Cluster 340
      Enhancements for vDS 341
      Flooding Avoidance 342
      NSX L2 Switching and L3 Routing 343
      NSX L2 Switching 343
      NSX IP Routing 343
      Handling of Multidestination Traffic 346
      Chapter 17 Application-Centric Infrastructure 351
      Cisco Application-Centric Infrastructure 352
      ACI Microsegmentation Constructs 353
      The Endpoint Groups 353
      Application Network Profile 355
      Service Graphs 358
      ACI Tetration Model 360
      Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller 360
      ACI Domains 362
      Virtual Machine Manager Domain 362
      Physical and External Domains 364
      The ACI Fabric Switching and Routing Constructs 365
      Tenant 366
      VRF 366
      Bridge Domain 366
      EPG 366
      Virtual and Physical Connectivity to the ACI Fabric 367
      Virtual Connectivity to the Fabric 367
      Physical Connectivity to the Fabric 368
      The ACI Switching and Routing Terminology 369
      The ACI Underlay Network 371
      Handling External Routes 372
      ACI Fabric Load Balancing 373
      The ACI Overlay and VXLAN 373
      The VXLAN Instance ID 376
      L2 Switching in the Overlay 378
      L3 Switching/Routing in the Overlay 380
      Multicast in the Overlay Versus Multicast in the Underlay 383
      ACI Multi-PoD 383
      ACI Multi-Site 384
      ACI Anywhere 386
      High-Level Comparison Between ACI and NSX 386
      Policy Setting 387
      Policy Enforcement 388
      Performance Requirement for VXLAN 388
      Control Plane 389
      Performance of Data Forwarding 390
      Automation and Visibility in the Fabric 390
      Networking Learning Curve 391

      PART VII: PUBLIC, PRIVATE, HYBRID, AND MULTICLOUD 393
      Chapter 18 The Public Cloud 395
      The Cloud Services 395
      Infrastructure as a Service 396
      Platform as a Service 397
      Software as a Service 397
      Amazon Web Services 398
      AWS Global Infrastructure with Regions and Availability Zones 399
      Networking 401
      Storage 404
      Launching Multitier Applications in AWS 409
      Compute Instances 409
      Amazon Machine Images 410
      Security Groups 410
      Identity and Access Management 411
      Launching an EC2 Instance 412
      Cloud Monitoring 416
      Cloud Automation 416
      Infrastructure as a Code 417
      Software Development Kits 420
      Chapter 19 The Private Cloud 423
      What Is a Private Cloud? 423
      Convergence and Hyperconvergence 425
      Automation and Orchestration 425
      Cisco UCS Director 427
      UCS Director Policies 427
      Virtual Data Center 429
      Orchestration Concepts 430
      Catalogs 431
      Integration Between UCSD and HyperFlex 431
      UCSD Interfaces 433
      APIs and Infrastructure as a Code 434
      Chapter 20 Hybrid Cloud and Multicloud 439
      Why Hybrid Cloud? 440
      Why Multicloud? 442
      Cisco CloudCenter 446
      Looking Ahead 450
      Glossary 451
      Index 475

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