Search results for ""Royal Society of Chemistry""

In the late 1990s, there was an explosion of research on ionic liquids and they are now a major topic of academic and industrial interest with numerous existing and potential applications. Since then, the number of scientific papers focusing on ionic liquids has risen exponentially, including a few edited multi-author books covering the latest advances in ionic liquids chemistry and several volumes of symposium proceedings. Much of the content in these books and volumes is written using technical jargon that only scientists at the cutting edge of ionic liquids research will understand and ionic liquids are hardly covered in most modern chemistry textbooks. This is the first single-author book on ionic liquids and the first introductory book on the topic. It is written in a clear, concise and consistent way. The book provides a useful introduction to ionic liquids for those readers who are not familiar with the topic. It is also wide ranging, embracing every aspect of the chemistry and applications of ionic liquids. The book draws extensively on the primary scientific literature to provide numerous examples of research on ionic liquids. These examples will enable the reader to become familiar with the key developments in ionic liquids chemistry over recent years. The book provides an introduction to: ionic liquids; their nomenclature; history; physical, chemical and biological properties; and their wide ranging uses and potential applications in catalysis, electrochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analysis, biotechnology, green chemistry and clean technology. Notable and important chapters include "The Green Credentials of Ionic Liquids" and "Biotechnology." The chapter on "Applications" includes sections with brief descriptions of recent research on the development of ionic liquids: - for the construction of a liquid mirror for a moon telescope - for use as rocket propellants - for use as antimicrobial agents that combat MRSA - as active pharmaceutical ingredients and antiviral drugs - for embalming and tissue preservation Science students, researchers, teachers in academic institutions and chemists and other scientists in industry and government laboratories will find the book an invaluable introduction to one of the most rapidly advancing and exciting fields of science and technology today.

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There has been increasing research into designing transition metal-containing dendrimers as innovative materials, especially in the field of biomedicine and pharmaceutical science. They have applications in biosensors and drug-delivery systems, and are now one of the leading classes in the design of therapeutics for drug-resistant diseases. This book introduces readers to a number of classes of metal-containing dendrimers, before moving onto their design and synthesis. Their applications in biomedicine are then discussed, before highlighting future research targets in this growing field. It emphasizes the synthetic strategies to design transition metal-containing dendrimers, and discusses the type of laboratory work used to examine these types of dendrimers in the fields of medicine and pharmacology, including their antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Transition Metal-Containing Dendrimers in Biomedicine brings chemistry, biology, pharmaceutical science and medical fields together to design these future materials which will have global benefits.

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Historically the field of heterogeneous catalysis has focused on the design and optimisation of the catalytic materials. However, as these optimisations start to reach diminishing returns, attention has turned to non-conventional means for improving reaction conditions such as the use of ultrasound, plasma, electromagnetic heating and microwave heating. Microwave-assisted catalysis has been demonstrated to be useful in a wide range of applications including ammonia synthesis, desulfurization and production of chemicals from biomass. Advances in Microwave-assisted Heterogeneous Catalysis begins with the basics of microwave heating and the role of microwaves in heterogeneous catalysis. It goes on to cover the mechanisms of microwave specific reaction rate enhancement, microwave-assisted synthesis of porous, nonporous and supported metal catalysts, microwave augmented reactor technology and microwave-induced catalysis. The application of microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalysis in various fields of energy conversion, environmental remediation, and bulk and specialty chemicals synthesis are also discussed, making this a great reference for anyone involved in catalysis research.

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Superhydrophobic coatings have attracted substantial scientific research in recent years due to their real-world applications in a variety of fields including anti-corrosion, anti-icing, anti-fogging, oil separation and self-cleaning materials. Several approaches and methods have been used in developing superhydrophobic coatings on different substrates. This book guides readers through their fabrication and application, representing the latest significant advances in this important topic. Split into four sections, Part One concentrates on the fundamental principles of surface wettability and superhydrophobicity, before moving into Part Two and Part Three, which focus on different aspects of superhydrophobic coatings based on the materials used for fabrication and the substrate on which the coating is applied. Finally, Part Four focuses on the applications of these coatings. This book will serve as a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers and industrial practitioners in multiple industries working on surface wettability, materials chemistry and coatings related technologies.

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Building upon the previous volumes, The Chemical Biology of Sulfur, The Chemical Biology of Phosphorus, and The Chemical Biology of Nitrogen, this book examines the organic chemistry of life, The Chemical Biology of Carbon. It examines chemical biology open to carbon-containing natural metabolites that allow both retrospective and predictive behaviours of both biosynthetic and degradative metabolism in primary and secondary pathways. This book also notes the centrality of a core set of heterocycles in metabolites and coenzyme forms of vitamins and how that chemistry enables life. The organic chemical fundamental considerations are always tied to specific metabolites and metabolic transformations. This context makes this volume not a classical organic or even bioorganic approach to organic chemistry in vivo but instead a unique analysis of how the rules and reactivities of organic chemistry underlie the organic chemistry of life. The Chemical Biology of Carbon is an ideal reference and guide for medicinal chemists, chemical biologists, organic chemists as well as postgraduate, graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these areas and related disciplines.

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As a result of their unique physical properties, biological membrane mimetics such as biopolymers are used in a broad range of scientific and technological applications. This comprehensive book covers new applications of biopolymers in the research and development of industrial scale nutraceutical and functional food grade products. All the major food biopolymers are included, from plant, animal and marine sources. Coverage also includes biopolymer-based drug delivery mechanisms intended for biological applications such as bio-detection of pathogens, fluorescent biological labels, and drug and gene delivery. This is the first interdisciplinary book to address this area specifically and is essential reading for those who produce the functional biopolymer materials as well as those who seek to incorporate them into appropriate nutraceutical, food and drug delivery products.

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This book discusses the present and the future perspectives of NMR techniques for environmental evaluations.

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Many of the polymers we use every day are highly flammable. Historically, a large number of home fires were caused by ignited polymeric materials until legislation was introduced requiring fire retardants to be added to these materials. Fire retardants increase the time it takes for materials to ignite, providing valuable time to prevent a fire or escape. However, it has become apparent that many of the traditional treatments used as fire retardants are harmful to human health and highly persistent in the environment. With evermore polymeric materials in our homes and lives it is still highly valuable to be able to make fire retardants, but consideration must be given to their environmental impact and sustainability. Green Fire Retardants for Polymeric Materials looks at both the choice of different materials and treatments for improving the fire retardancy of polymeric materials, as well as green approaches to synthesising these fire retardants. It is a timely resource both for green chemists interested in real world applications for their work and polymer scientists keen to increase the sustainability of their products and processes.

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Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea are ubiquitous microorganisms, but their abundance and diversity vary widely across environments and play a crucial role in many ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems in particular. However, characterization of AOB communities require genomic methods as they are difficult to isolate from samples. Although non-toxic to humans, in the short term, ammonia in water systems are harmful to aquatic life both directly and indirectly through the disruption of the ecosystem by promoting the proliferation of algae (a process called eutrophication). Contamination often occurs due to use of disinfectants with chloramines, fertilizers, waste disposal and from natural processes. Due to their natural presence, utilising AOBs to treat water is viewed as an attractive solution, but greater knowledge of their biochemical processes and measurement of their efficacy is required. Ideal for postgraduates and researchers in a variety of disciplines, this book covers the ecology, genomics, physiology and biochemistry of AOBs and their presence in wastewater, and the challenges, opportunities and potential applications for nitrification and ammonia removal.

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Fungal natural products are among some of the earliest described sources of bioactive compounds. Basidiomycetes have been a prolific source of compounds, particularly as a source of antibiotics and antifungals. Despite advances in target-based and synthetic methods for drug discovery, natural products continue to be an important source of novel compounds. This book is a comprehensive guide to many important fungal species with a focus on their phytochemistry, potential sources of bioactive compounds, known chemistry and toxicology. This book is an ideal companion to researchers and postgraduates in phytochemistry and natural product pharmacology, and mycologists.

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Cosmetics manufacture is a dynamic and vibrant industry with companies varying from the very small scale, working in their own home, to much larger enterprises. With such variable companies there is the risk of equally variable quality in manufacturing. The International Organization for Standards (ISO) provides guidelines on good manufacturing processes for the cosmetics industry. However, not everyone working in cosmetics has a scientific or engineering backgrounds and understanding and meeting the ISO requirements can be daunting. Whether you are a small business just starting out or an established company looking to expand, Making Quality Cosmetics will guide you through the requirements of the ISO standard. Calling on more than 35 years of experience in the cosmetics sector the author covers every aspect of the manufacturing set up and process, as well as discussing other regulations that may need to be considered, especially in larger facilities. With technical advice ranging from choosing equipment and raw materials, to assessing and auditing contractors this book will help you make sure your products are of the highest quality.

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This book provides an accessible overview of the historical background of the chemistry of flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their features.

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Polysaccharides are natural, renewable materials that are biodegradable and biocompatible, making them ideal subjects for biomedical applications. This book focusses on the main polysaccharides, including but not limited to chitosan, cellulose, alginate, dextran, guar gum, gellan gum, pullulan, locust bean gum, pectin, xanthan gum, starch, hyaluronan and carrageenan, and their applications in drug delivery, imaging and tissue engineering. With contributions from around the world, the editors have pulled together a tightly curated set of chapters which showcase how polysaccharide-based materials are employed in a range of biomedical systems. The end result is a book in which the reader can gain a sound overview of this important class of material for biomedical applications, without scouring journal articles. Those working in materials science, biomedical and chemical engineering, and pharmaceutical technologies will find this a must-have reference.

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Nanopollutants are nanoparticles that have escaped into the environment and can include engineered nanoparticles as well as nanoparticles that are products of degradation (e.g. nanoplastics) or other processes. As many of these particles are only recently developed or described there is still a lot to learn about where they come from, where they end up and what risks they pose to health and the environment. Offering a wide overview of the most recent research on these emerging contaminants, from the investigation of their sources and fate to the analytical developments for their detection and analysis, this book gives the reader a full picture of the global research on engineered and natural nanoparticles in the environment. Taking a forward-looking perspective with chapters on new nanopollutants, regulatory direction and occurrence in different environmental compartments, this book is a great resource for anyone working in environmental chemistry, nanoscience or environmental regulation.

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This volume brings together the wide range of scientists working on metaloxygen batteries to exchange ideas on the challenges and prospects in this field.

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Designed for teaching, this English translation of the tried and tested Organometallic Chemistry 2/e textbook from the Japan Society of Coordination Chemistry can be used as an introductory text for chemistry undergraduates and also provide a bridge to more advanced courses. The book is split into two parts, the first acts as a concise introduction to the field, explaining fundamental organometallic chemistry. The latter covers cutting edge theories and applications, suitable for further study. Beginning with fundamental reaction patterns concerning bonds between transition metals and carbon atoms, the authors show how these may be combined to achieve a desired reaction and/or construct a catalytic cycle. To understand the basics and make effective use of the knowledge, numerous practice questions and model answers to encourage the reader’s deeper understanding are included. The advanced section covers the chemistry relating to bonds between transition metals and main group elements, such as Si, N, P, O and S, is described. This chemistry has some similarities to transition metal-carbon chemistry, but also many differences and unique aspects, which the book explains clearly. Organometallic complexes are now well known and widely used. In addition, transition metal complexes with main group element other than carbon as a ligating atom are becoming more important. It is thus important to have a bird’s-eye view of transition metal complexes, regardless of the ligand type. This book acts as solid introduction for chemistry students and newcomers in various fields who need to deal with transition metal complexes.

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Modern societies produce large amounts of waste of many different types. This presents a problem in terms of management or disposal to prevent harm to human health and the environment. Additionally it represents a loss of potentially useful resources. In the circular economy concept nothing would ever become waste because everything would be re-usable or its components recoverable. Ionic liquids provide a potential route for valorisation of different waste types, paving the way for a circular economy and a more sustainable world. Covering various types of waste, including municipal, industrial, electronic, and medical, while addressing patented and commercial applications, this book aims to deliver a comprehensive, but also critical, perspective on the application of ionic liquids towards waste valorisation. Waste Valorisation Using Ionic Liquids is a useful resource for academic and industrial players, in the fields of chemistry, chemical and environmental engineering, and biotechnology, as well as anyone working on waste management and resource recovery.

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Take a colorful walk through human ingenuity. Humans have been unpacking the earth to use pigments since cavemen times. Starting out from surface pigments for cave paintings, we’ve dug deep for minerals, mined oceans for colors and exploited the world of plants and animals. Our accidental fumbles have given birth to a whole family of brilliant blues that grace our museums, mansions and motorcars. We’ve turned waste materials into a whole rainbow of tints and hues to color our clothes, our food and ourselves. With the snip of a genetic scissor, we’ve harnessed bacteria to gift us with “greener” blue jeans and dazzling dashikis. As the pigments march on into the future, who knows what new and exciting inventions will emerge? Mary Virginia Orna, a world-recognized expert on color, will lead you through an illuminating journey exploring the science behind pigments. Pausing for reflections en route to share stories around pigment use and discoveries informed by history, religion, sociology and human endeavour, this book will have you absorbing science and regaling tales. Jam packed with nuggets of information, March of the Pigments will have the curiously minded and the expert scientist turning pages to discover more.

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Nanotechnology is a promising technique that can facilitate sustainability across a wide range of areas. By fabricating materials into nanometre-scale, nanotechnology has facilitated an efficient, economically, and environmentally acceptable solution for waste treatment and energy production. This book illustrates how green nanotechnology is being used to promote sustainability, including applications in environmental remediation and energy optimization. First, a comprehensive discussion of the latest advances to address the global challenges in water purification, CO2 management, plastics issue, food waste valorisation, toxic chemical pollutes, and energy efficiency will be provided. This is followed by the new opportunities that have been created in the production of alternative renewable energy under the premise of low natural resource consumption and minuscule toxicity production. Offering an important reference for the research community to understand more about green nanotechnology and its applications in sustainable development and circular economy. The book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in nanotechnology, materials science, sustainability, environmental science, and energy.

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Written for senior undergraduate and graduate students, as well as those chemists unfamiliar with “frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)”, this text serves as an introduction to the both the concept and application of FLPs in hydrogenation catalysis. The book begins by setting the stage as it was around the turn of the century. While the dramatic impacts of catalysis were undeniable, there was dependence of such technologies on transition metal chemistry. Contrastingly, the chemistry of main group elements was dominated by Lewis acid-base behavior. However, these perceptions were altered with the discovery of the ability of “frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)” to activate dihydrogen. The basic features, and mechanisms of action of these unique main group systems are chronicled, while the evolution of the initial findings to applications in catalytic hydrogenation is discussed. A subsequent chapter focuses on the breadth of organic substrates for which borane based FLP hydrogenations are effective. This is furthered with a chapter on the metal-free enantioselective reductions. FLP chemistry is not limited to systems involving boranes and this book also catalogues a range of FLP hydrogenation catalysts involving elements from across the periodic table. The final chapter in the book describes other directions of interest where the application of the concept of FLPs hydrogenation are beginning to emerge. Ideal for course use and self study, this book provides synthetic chemists with a fresh, expert introduction to the field. The reader will be left recognizing that hydrogenation catalysts is a domain no longer limited to transition metals.

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The exploration of new-family desalination techniques has become increasingly important in recent decades. Capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted multidisciplinary interest as a promising alternative to the conventional desalination techniques of reverse osmosis and electro-osmosis, due to several attractive features such as low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and high water utilization efficiency. CDI desalts saline water through storing ions in electrical double layers of porous carbons or by redox reactions with faradic materials. This is the first book to specialise in CDI and aims to showcase the fundamentals and progressive achievements of the research. Chapters cover the timeline of CDI technologies, the expansion of new-family electrode materials, exploitation of new-concept CDI devices, and applications of CDI in other new areas. In addition, the book provides new insights into future directions for the development of CDI and other emerging nanotechnologies for addressing the energy-water nexus. Edited by a founder of the field, the book will be of interest to those researching water desalination and purification across chemistry, materials science and environmental science.

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This book provides an interdisciplinary review of one of the great unsolved mysteries that has fascinated scientists for over 150 years: the origin of chirality in biomolecules. Current advances in fields as diverse as space exploration, prebiotic chemistry and high-energy physics may help to provide an answer. Important pieces of information will come from observations at the two frontiers of science: outer space and the subatomic world. Observation of distant planets, galaxies, and even actual sampling of celestial objects from beyond the solar system are projects currently underway. At the other end of the spectrum, there are experiments that study the elemental properties of matter, such as symmetry, and interactions with the fundamental forces. Completely revised and updated this new edition once again unifies all the theories of the origin of biomolecular homochirality together in a single source. This complete, interdisciplinary review of an intriguing subject condenses a large and disparate range of contributions from journals in almost every scientific field. The various theories have been organized, interrelated and explained in a unified way. It is fundamental, comprehensive and structured to be accessible for educational purposes.

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Implantable technologies allow for a sustained control over the release of pharmaceuticals into the bloodstream thereby achieving a controlled concentration with the potential to minimise side-effects while increasing patient compliance. Significant progress has been made in various alternative implantable delivery technologies, notably in intraocular and subcutaneous devices. Despite success in research and clinical studies, long-term clinical efficacy may be more limited and different aspects related to drug development and commercialization using these technologies are not well understood or practiced in the commercial setting. This book provides a comprehensive and cohesive picture of the latest in the field while also outlining the opportunities and challenges in implantable technology. Implantable Technologies: Pepties and Biologic Drug Development is an ideal reference for any postgraduate or researcher interested in utilising implantable technologies and novel routes of drug administration. The book will also be of interest to those involved in formulation and clinical application for a wide array of disease areas in addition to more established paradigms such as diabetes and pain management.

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Mechanobiology is a new research field that investigates how the physical forces and changes in mechanical properties of cells and tissues contribute to their development, physiology and disease. One unique feature in the mechanical regulation, distinct from chemical/biochemical one, is that it can directly react with the multi-layered architectures of living systems, ranging from nano-scale proteins, subcellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs to whole bodies; one could term it “mechanoarchitectonics”. Another important aspect is its time-dependent dynamic feature. Not only time evolution in cells and extracellular matrices, but their intrinsic viscoelastic nature makes mechanical interaction dissipative and such feature is critical in cellular mechanical responses. This book focuses on recent progress in mechanobiology from the materials science perspective, encompassing innovative material designs for force measurements and actuation to resolve dynamic mechanobiology and mechanoarchitectonics, by better mimicking physiologically relevant and time-evolving cellular mechanical environments. It also shows the marriage between cutting-edge materials science which enable spatiotemporal manipulation of material and cell dynamics in multi-dimensions and molecular biological techniques such as genome editing and next generation sequencing for cell fate/motility engineering and disease modelling, with the aim of providing valuable insights into the latest technological advances and discoveries in areas such as stem cell, fibroblast, heart, tumour, and epithelial mechanobiology. Edited by leaders in the field, this book will be suitable for a broad range of readers, including materials scientists, biomaterial and biomedical engineering researchers and those working in chemical and mechanical engineering to expand possibilities of system designs for the developments of medical technologies based on mechanobiology.

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Over the past decade, great strides have been taken in developing methodologies that can treat more and more complex nano- and nano-bio systems embedded in complex environments. Multiscale Dynamics Simulations covers methods including DFT/MM-MD, DFTB and semi-empirical QM/MM-MD, DFT/MMPOL as well as Machine-learning approaches to all of the above. Focusing on key methodological breakthroughs in the field, this book provides newcomers with a comprehensive menu of multiscale modelling options so that they can better chart their course in the nano/bio world.

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Electric-field-mediated chemistry is an emerging topic that is rapidly growing and fanning out in many directions. It involves theoretical and experimental aspects, as well as intense interplay between them, including breakthrough achievements such as the proof-of-principle that a Diels–Alder reaction, which involves two simultaneous C–C bond making events, can be catalysed or inhibited simply by changing the direction of an oriented external-electric field (OEEF). This productive interplay between the theoretical and experimental branches of chemistry is continuing, and gradually defining a new sub-field wherein various sources of electric fields, whether external or built-in and designed, or even surface induced fields (plasmons), are brought to bear on chemical reactions, molecular structures, and nano-systems, leading to control of reactivity, selectivity, chirality, molecular orientations, changes in structure, and in dynamics. Written by leaders in the field, Effects of Electric Fields on Structure and Reactivity is the first book on this exciting topic. Starting with an overview of the theory behind – and demonstrations of the effect of – electric fields on structure and reactivity, this accessible reference work aims to encourage those new to the field to consider harnessing these effects in their own work. Covering applications and recent theoretical developments, it is a useful resource for theoretical chemists and experimentalists alike.

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This book provides a summary of the main obstacles for creating and maintaining high standards of health and safety in higher education and research organisations. The obstacles include high staff turnover and an uncertain and constantly evolving research environment, small groups lacking unified management structure, deadline time pressures, restricted funding models and existing "old school" culture. Often the Health and Safety specialists and personnel managers in these organisations find themselves reiterating the same information, which gets lost as soon as the new cohort of workers arrives. Providing insight into methods of managing health and safety, training, and supervision, which help to build a strong and reliable health and safety system, this book is a collection of "best practices" from experienced safety professionals and researchers in Europe and the United States. These experiences demonstrate how health and safety professionals have overcome these issues and provide readers with ideas and models they can use in their own organisations. The information contained within is aimed at health and safety professionals and managers in universities and research organisations conducting scientific and engineering research with transient workers and students worldwide.

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Microalgae are a group of single-celled, photosynthetic microorganisms. They are of great commercial interest as they are capable of producing biomass (with a vast array of biochemical) using sunlight, CO2 and various other naturally occurring nutrients. Correctly utilised, they have the potential to provide sustainable supply of commercially relevant biochemicals, biofuels, nutraceuticals, food and feed supplements. The field of microalgal biotechnology is a fast-paced area of research, with technologies coming ever closer to commercial viability. Microalgal Biotechnology consolidates the latest research in the field together with a look at market potential and policy considerations. Highlighting the huge potential of microalgae as commercial commodities, it covers progress on various fronts including; bio-refinery and its technological challenges, genetic engineering, biosafety and regulatory issues, open and closed photo-bioreactors for biomass production, market space and sustainability for algal products. This book is a useful resource for researchers, academicians, postgraduate students, industries, policy makers and anyone interested in the status and future possibilities of microalgae commercialisation.

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This volume brings together established and early-career scientists, post-graduate students and industrial researchers to cover a wide range of topical subjects across organic photonics and electronics and related fields.

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Including introductions to statistical distributions, regression analysis, the elementary physics of airborne particles and gases and epidemiological techniques this book is a useful addition to any air pollution course.

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This volume brings together internationally leading researchers in this interdisciplinary field to explore and exchange ideas, both experimental and theoretical, to further our understanding of the fundamental properties of water at interfaces.

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The book focuses on how sustainable nanomaterials can helpwith various aspects of infectious diseases, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as the characteristics that materials should possess in order to enter clinical trials.

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There is an increasing awareness that materials and chemicals produced from fossil fuels are not sustainable, both in terms of the pollution caused by the extraction and production processes, and the fact that there is only a finite supply of these fossil fuels. Therefore, there is a strong incentive to find sources for chemicals and materials from source materials that we know we can continue to generate. Plants are a source of a wide variety of chemicals, many with interesting properties, and these chemical feedstocks are considered renewable rather than finite. Green Chemistry and Green Materials from Plant Oils and Natural Acids covers the application of these natural materials in producing polymers, lubricants and plasticisers.

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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are extensively used in consumer products, despite their high persistence and other hazards. The risks posed by this chemical class to human health and the environment, which are increasingly becoming understood, have triggered regulation and policy changes. However, safer alternatives to these technically effective materials and methods to discover and use those alternatives are still under development. Remediation of PFAS contaminated sites will not solve the growing worldwide pollution, but substitution with safer substances at the formulation and manufacturing phases will at least abate the flow of PFASs into our bodies and environment. Introducing safer alternatives to some of the PFASs of concern used in select industry sectors, this book informs the reader about the processes of chemical hazard and alternatives assessment that can foster innovation. It is a valuable resource for both green chemists and industrial chemists interested in how they can make their products safer without compromising on function.

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly used among health practitioners in combatting a variety of diseases, most notably various types of cancer, and is often utilised in combination with other therapeutic options to enhance efficacy or reduce adverse reactions. Combination Therapies Involving Photodynamic Therapy reviews the current state of development of PDT and presents the foreseeable advancements of combination approaches to therapeutic strategies. This book represents a novel approach to the therapeutic applications of five different technologies including the combinations of photodynamic therapy, photothermal hyperthermia therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, chemotherapy, and cold atmospheric pressure plasma therapy. An ideal companion for students, researchers and practitioners in biological sciences, biotechnology, and photobiological and photochemical sciences, as well as medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry.

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Extracellular and biofluids vesicles (EVs) are highly specialised yet ubiquitous nanoscale messengers secreted by cells. With the development of stem cell engineering, EVs promise to deliver next generation tools in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, as well as in diagnostics. A vibrant and promising field, this book provides the first resource to the field. Covering basic cell biology, including EV production and intracellular communication, this book will provide material scientists and engineers with a foundation to the necessary biology. The reader will then learn about the isolation of extracellular vesicles their physicochemical characterisation and therapeutic application of EVs in regenerative medicine as well as their potential as biomarkers in medical diagnostic. This book will also discuss the regulatory landscape of EVs. Bridging cell biology, biomaterials, biophysics and biomedical engineering the content of this book is written with a broad interdisciplinary audience in mind. Researchers, new and established will find this a must-have on their shelf.

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Presenting an up-to-date review of the state-of-the-art and main applications of omics technologies to current hot topics in food sciences, this book is divided into four convenient sections. The first section represents an introduction to the development of foodomics and will provide a general overview of DNA-based and protein-based methods. The second section is focused on the main applications of omics to food safety issues, such as chemical hazards, foodborne pathogens, phages, food authentication or GMO detection. The third section is focused on specific food groups and how omics have revolutionized the investigation of dairy and meat products, seafood, agricultural and fermented food products. Finally, the fourth section is devoted to the link between foodomics and health: hot topics such as nutrimetabolomics, food allergy or probiotics are reviewed here. The book brings together work from top international scientists to produce the most significant academic book for some years on omics and food for a broad audience. It presents unique features not covered so far by other books, such as a detailed description of different strategies and applications of omics techniques to many food sectors and provides a welcome addition to the cutting-edge literature in this area for researchers and professionals in food science and food chemistry.

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Traditionally, dietary fat has been associated with negative effects on human health by consumers due to its high energy density. However, today it is well known that the quality of the fat ingested is more important than its quantity, and that there are natural lipophilic compounds that are essential for the correct maintenance of human physiological functions. For this reason, the negative image associated with dietary fat consumption is not fully justified. Dietary fat is a hot research area that has attracted increasing attention in the last decades. An adequate intake of dietary fats adapted to our age and physical activity, as well as an increase in the intake of beneficial fatty compounds and controlling the intake of those types of fats that have negative effects on our health, can be powerful allies in preventing the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Through this book, the Editors have compiled the most up to date and well-documented information on many aspects of the development and application of novel dietary patterns related to fatty compounds, with special emphasis on beneficial effects. They have considered fatty nutritional requirements at different stages of life, the international guidelines and the application of new -omics techniques, such as epigenetics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics and metagenomics, related to human health. This book will be of interest to researchers in food technology and biomedicine, as well as the food industry and food distribution areas.

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Polymers with redox properties are electroactive macromolecules containing localized sites or groups that can be oxidized and reduced. Depending on the oxidation state, redox polymers can present different electronic, optical, mechanical or chemical properties. These polymers are finding new applications in materials science, as well as being included in the design of a number of electrochemical devices. Redox Polymers for Energy and Nanomedicine highlights trends in the chemistry, characterization and application of polymers with redox properties. The book starts with an introduction to redox polymers and covers several important topics including redox polymer types, state-of-the-art characterization techniques, synthetic strategies and theory and computational studies. The second part is devoted to the redox polymers applied in energy and nanomedicine. First, the most important redox polymer families in energy storage are reviewed, i.e, radical, phenothiazine, carbonyl and catechol containing polymers. The book also contains recent developments in redox polymers for biofuel cells and all-organic batteries. Second, the emerging applications of redox polymers in nanomedicine technologies such as, tissue engineering, drug-delivery, actuators or biosensors are explained in detail. With contributions from global experts, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers working in polymer science, electrochemistry, energy research and nanomedicine.

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While our five senses are doing a reasonably good job at representing the world around us on a macro-scale, we have no existing intuitive representation of the nanoworld, ruled by laws entirely foreign to our experience. This is where molecules mingle to create proteins; where you wouldn't recognize water as a liquid; and where minute morphological changes would reveal how much 'solid' things, such as the ground or houses, are constantly vibrating and moving. Following in the footsteps of Nano-Society and Nanotechnology: The Future is Tiny, this title introduces a new collection of stories demonstrating recent research in the field of nanotechnology. This drives home the fact that a plethora of nanotechnology R&D will become an integral part of improved and entirely novel materials, products, and applications yet will remain entirely invisible to the user. The book gives a personal perspective on how nanotechnologies are created and developed, and will appeal to anyone who has an interest in the research and future of nanotechnology. Reviews of Nanotechnology: The Future is Tiny: 'The book is recommended not only to all interested scientists, but also to students who are looking for a quick and clear introduction to various research areas of nanotechnology' Angew. Chem., 2017, 56(26), 7351–7351 'Once you start reading you will find it very difficult to stop' Chromatographia, 2017, 80, 1821

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This book discusses the chemistry of food proteins and peptides and their relationship with nutritional, functional, and health applications. Bringing together authorities in the field, it provides a comprehensive discussion focused on fundamental chemistries and mechanisms underpinning the structure-function relationships of food proteins and peptides. The functional and bioactive properties hinge on their structural features such as amino acid sequence, molecular size, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and net charges. The book includes coverage of advances in the nutritional and health applications of protein and peptide modifications; novel applications of food proteins and peptides in the development of edible functional biomaterials; advances in the use of proteomics and peptidomics for food proteins and peptide analysis (foodomics); and the relevance of food protein and peptide chemistries in policy and regulation. Research into the fundamental chemistries behind the functional, health and nutritional benefits is burgeoning and has gained the interest of scientists, the industry, regulatory agencies, and consumers. This book fills the knowledge gap providing an excellent source of information for researchers, instructors, students, food and nutrition industry, and policy makers.

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Providing detailed information on key areas of post-harvest technologies, this book is written with small-scale processors and entrepreneurs in food processing, who have no formal training in Food Science or Food Engineering, in mind. Uniquely, it will review the hands-on aspects of food processing from a largely non-academic viewpoint. It is written in non-technical language and covers everything from the basic science of why food is processed to a description of the main methods used. Coverage includes all current technologies that are used at the small-scale such as why food is processed, the historical development of food processing, background skills, heating and cooling in food processing, thermal processing basics and specialised calculations, drying food materials, statistical manufacturing control and sugar solution calculations in beverage making The target audience for this book is vastly under-served with appropriate information and the abundant use of photographs, showing the various concepts described in the text, makes this book appealing to those required to understand their food process operations.

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Insight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology – including interactions with other hormone pathways – has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.

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Research and new tools in biomaterials development by using peptides are currently growing, as more functional and versatile building blocks are used to design a host of functional biomaterials via chemical modifications for health care applications. It is a field that is attracting researchers from across soft matter science, molecular engineering and biomaterials science. Covering the fundamental concepts of self-assembly, design and synthesis of peptides, this book will provide a solid introduction to the field for those interested in developing functional biomaterials by using peptide derivatives. The bioactive nature of the peptides and their physical properties are discussed in various applications in biomedicine. This book will help researchers and students working in biomaterials and biomedicine fields and help their understanding of modulating biological processes for disease diagnosis and treatments.

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Anthropogenic radionuclides have been introduced into the environment by incidents such as nuclear weapon tests, accidents in nuclear power plants, transport accidents and accidental or authorised discharges from nuclear facilities. Scientists need accurate analysis of these radionuclides in order to estimate the risk to the public from released radioactivity. This book is a snapshot of the work of leading scientists from across the globe on environmental radiochemistry and radioecology, nuclear forensics and radiation detection, radioanalytical techniques and nuclear industry applications. The research contributions were first presented at the 13th International Symposium on Nuclear and Environmental Radiochemical Analysis in September 2018. This essential work provides a key reference for graduates and professionals who work across fields involving analytical chemistry, radiochemistry, environmental science and technology, and waste disposal.

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In recent years, in situ analysis of cellular functional molecules has attracted considerable interest as it can provide spatially or temporally resolved information of these essential molecules on/within living cells in a non-invasive way. In Situ Analysis of Cellular Functional Molecules introduces the tailor-made design of detection probes as well as schemes from a top-down perspective according to the unique characteristics of cellular functional molecules. The latest methodological developments, including enhancement of detection sensitivity and specificity, precision localization, implementation of dynamic tracking, and acquirement of quantitative functional information for various important functional molecules is discussed in detail. Written by leaders in the field, this book will provide a comprehensive overview to scientists in academia and professionals in industry working on different aspects of cellular analysis and cell biology.

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Metabolomics and proteomics allow deep insights into the chemistry and physiology of biological systems. This book expounds open-source programs, platforms and programming tools for analysing metabolomics and proteomics mass spectrometry data. In contrast to commercial software, open-source software is created by the academic community, which facilitates the direct interaction between users and developers and accelerates the implementation of new concepts and ideas. The first section of the book covers the basics of mass spectrometry, experimental strategies, data operations, the open-source philosophy, metabolomics, proteomics and statistics/ data mining. In the second section, active programmers and users describe available software packages. Included tutorials, datasets and code examples can be used for training and for building custom workflows. Finally, every reader is invited to participate in the open science movement.

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Inorganic and organometallic polymers feature many attractive properties that are useful for the design of diverse functional materials. Emphasising concepts that inform polymer design, synthesis and applications, readers of this book will gain a complete understanding of the introduction to inorganic and organometallic polymer science that will further their studies in materials science, chemistry and engineering. The first chapter lays down the core concepts that the book builds from, including polymerisation and naming conventions. It also reveals why some organometallic polymers are better suited than organic polymers in certain applications. Subsequent chapters discuss the chemistry of metals in particular the transition metals as they relate to polymer properties, before walking the reader through in-depth chapters on synthesis, structure, properties, characterization, and examples of inorganic and organometallic polymers. The final chapter presents applications of these polymers in diverse fields ranging from biomedicine, energy to catalysis. Worked examples and exercises are provided at the end of each chapter to assist students in assessing their understanding of these concepts, and journal references are included to direct students to published literature related to inorganic and organometallic polymers. Ideal for lecturers teaching a one semester advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in polymer science, as well as for self-study researchers and industrial chemists that are working with polymers, this book provides the user with a complete and expert grounding to the field.

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