Search results for ""taylor francis inc""

High brightness metal vapor lasers have become the most bright and powerful in the visible spectral range among all existing laser types, resulting in numerous applications ranging from purely fundamental research to practical application in large-scale commercial problems such as isotope selection. This book presents a full series of fundamental problems on the development of physical fundamentals and mathematical models for practical realization of a high-power laser radiation on self-contained transitions in metal atoms. It is the first fundamental review on physics and the technique of high-brightness metal vapor lasers.

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The utility sector’s transition to renewable energy and the smart grid has already begun. The first step towards smart grid is microgrid, which is a smaller electricity grid with access to all the essential assets of a larger grid. This book provides a glimpse into an actual microgrid project. It supplies a system-level approach to the design of smart Microgrids, covering the entire design process—from roadmap to realization. Detailing lessons learned and pitfalls to avoid in Microgrid technology, the book provides an interdisciplinary approach to design and problem solving for smart microgrids.

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Analyze Repeated Measures Studies Using Bayesian TechniquesGoing beyond standard non-Bayesian books, Bayesian Methods for Repeated Measures presents the main ideas for the analysis of repeated measures and associated designs from a Bayesian viewpoint. It describes many inferential methods for analyzing repeated measures in various scientific areas, especially biostatistics.The author takes a practical approach to the analysis of repeated measures. He bases all the computing and analysis on the WinBUGS package, which provides readers with a platform that efficiently uses prior information. The book includes the WinBUGS code needed to implement posterior analysis and offers the code for download online. Accessible to both graduate students in statistics and consulting statisticians, the book introduces Bayesian regression techniques, preliminary concepts and techniques fundamental to the analysis of repeated measures, and the most important topic for repeated measures studies: linear models. It presents an in-depth explanation of estimating the mean profile for repeated measures studies, discusses choosing and estimating the covariance structure of the response, and expands the representation of a repeated measure to general mixed linear models. The author also explains the Bayesian analysis of categorical response data in a repeated measures study, Bayesian analysis for repeated measures when the mean profile is nonlinear, and a Bayesian approach to missing values in the response variable.

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Transmitting information over optical fibers requires a high degree of signal integrity due to noise levels existing in optical systems. Proper methods and techniques for noise evaluations are critical in achieving high-performance. This book provides a fundamental understanding of noise generation processes in optical communications and photonic signals. It discusses techniques for noise evaluation in optical communication systems, especially digital optical systems, as well as transmission systems performance and noise impacts in photonic processing systems

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Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population, yet cold temperatures during the cropping period cause a significant loss of yield. To cope with the world's increasing population, it is necessary to develop high yielding rice varieties that are tolerant to abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, and cold. This book provides a clear understanding of cold stress in rice in the hopes that it will provide insight to the subject for further research so that rice plants may be grown efficiently in cold regions with high productivity.

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Salinity stress currently impacts more than 80 million hectares of land worldwide and more arable land is likely to be impacted in the future due to global climate changes. Managing Salt Tolerance in Plants: Molecular and Genomic Perspectives presents detailed molecular and genomic approaches for the development of crop plants tolerant to salinity stress. The book discusses salinity stress in plant adaptation and productivity, biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for plant salt tolerance, and genomic approaches for the development of plants tolerant to salinity stress.With chapters written by leading scientists involved in plant salinity stress research, this book brings together biochemical, physiological, and molecular techniques used to develop crop plants with increased salinity tolerance. The editors integrate the most recent findings about the key biological determinants of salinity stress tolerance with contemporary crop improvement approaches. They include emerging topics and cutting-edge knowledge related to salt stress responses and tolerance mechanisms and describe salinity stress in plants and its effects on plant growth and productivity.Time is of the essence for this issue, as global climate change will further exacerbate the problems of salt stress in the near future. With authoritative coverage of the key factors impacting the world’s crop production, this book calls attention to primary genetic, physiological, and biochemical factors of plant salinity stress. It helps you develop conventional and biotechnological applications that can lead to enhanced crop productivity in stressful environments.

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Concise Encyclopedia of Biostatistics for Medical Professionals focuses on conceptual knowledge and practical advice rather than mathematical details, enhancing its usefulness as a reference for medical professionals. The book defines and describes nearly 1000 commonly and not so commonly used biostatistical terms and methods arranged in alphabetical order. These range from simple terms, such as mean and median to advanced terms such as multilevel models and generalized estimating equations. Synonyms or alternative phrases for each topic covered are listed with a reference to the topic.

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Since the start of modern computing, the studies of living organisms have inspired the progress in developing computers and intelligent machines. In particular, the methods of search and foraging are the benchmark problems for robotics and multi-agent systems. The highly developed theory of search and screening involves optimal search plans that are obtained by standard optimization techniques while the foraging theory addresses search plans that mimic the behavior of living foragers.Search and Foraging: Individual Motion and Swarm Dynamics examines how to program artificial search agents so that they demonstrate the same behavior as predicted by the foraging theory for living organisms. For cybernetics, this approach yields techniques that enable the best online search planning in varying environments. For biology, it allows reasonable insights regarding the internal activity of living organisms performing foraging tasks.The book discusses foraging theory as well as search and screening theory in the same mathematical and algorithmic framework. It presents an overview of the main ideas and methods of foraging and search theories, making the concepts of one theory accessible to specialists of the other. The book covers Brownian walks and Lévy flight models of individual foraging and corresponding diffusion models and algorithms of search and foraging in random environments both by single and multiple agents. It also describes the active Brownian motion models for swarm dynamics with corresponding Fokker–Planck equations. Numerical examples and laboratory verifications illustrate the application of both theories.

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The most talked about metalloid in the modern world, arsenic affects the liver, kidney, and lungs; leads to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes; and may cause blindness with long-time exposure. With naturally occurring arsenic boosted by mining and other industrial processes contaminating soil and drinking water, arsenic toxicity is a major challenge to health professionals and scientists around the world. Arsenic Toxicity: Prevention and Treatment reviews current understanding of arsenic poisoning and the health consequences resulting from exposure. The book paints a vivid picture of the sources of arsenic toxicity including ground water; food such as rice, fruits and vegetables, fish, and chicken as well as occupational exposures from industries using inorganic arsenic such as glass production, non-ferrous alloy, wood preservation, and semiconductor manufacturing units. The text details the health hazards of arsenic toxicity and then examines removal, mainly from soil and water, highlighting eco-friendly bioremediation techniques. It discusses classical and modern treatment methods for arsenic toxicity, emphasizing the use of nutraceuticals and functional foods.With its focus on the remediation of arsenic toxicity using nutraceutical and functional food, the book provides a unique resource for combatting this global scourge. It provides strategies for defending arsenic toxicity naturally without causing any additional adverse effects.

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Orthodontic Pearls: A Selection of Practical Tips and Clinical Expertise synthesizes a wealth of information gleaned from clinical and administrative experiences in orthodontic practice. The administration and running of an orthodontic practice is not often taught extensively or formally in most schools. This book fills that gap by providing tips, techniques, and practical hints to assist in everything from diagnosis and the use of appliances to patient management and marketing. Much of the information in this book comes from experience as well as lectures, courses, and journals. This second edition has been revised and expanded to cover: Digital advances in photography and radiology Digital intra oral scanning Lingual orthodontic treatments Temporomandibular joint disturbances Temporary anchorage devices Impacted canines Interdisciplinary treatment Risk management Marketing of the orthodontic practice The expanded orthodontic team Continuing education and its relevance to orthodontic practice Written in an informal style, more akin to a seminar or tutorial, this book provides readers with information helpful in both the administrative and clinical components of their orthodontic practice. It is essential reading for all practitioners—even the most experienced orthodontists—who wish to improve their skills and knowledge in the clinical treatment of patients.Print Versions of this book also include access to the ebook version.

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Handbook of Optoelectronics offers a self-contained reference from the basic science and light sources to devices and modern applications across the entire spectrum of disciplines utilizing optoelectronic technologies. This second edition gives a complete update of the original work with a focus on systems and applications.Volume I covers the details of optoelectronic devices and techniques including semiconductor lasers, optical detectors and receivers, optical fiber devices, modulators, amplifiers, integrated optics, LEDs, and engineered optical materials with brand new chapters on silicon photonics, nanophotonics, and graphene optoelectronics. Volume II addresses the underlying system technologies enabling state-of-the-art communications, imaging, displays, sensing, data processing, energy conversion, and actuation. Volume III is brand new to this edition, focusing on applications in infrastructure, transport, security, surveillance, environmental monitoring, military, industrial, oil and gas, energy generation and distribution, medicine, and free space. No other resource in the field comes close to its breadth and depth, with contributions from leading industrial and academic institutions around the world. Whether used as a reference, research tool, or broad-based introduction to the field, the Handbook offers everything you need to get started. (The previous edition of this title was published as Handbook of Optoelectronics, 9780750306461.)John P. Dakin, PhD, is professor (emeritus) at the Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, UK. Robert G. W. Brown, PhD, is chief executive officer of the American Institute of Physics and an adjunct full professor in the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic at the University of California, Irvine.

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Exploring Linear Algebra: Labs and Projects with Mathematica® is a hands-on lab manual for daily use in the classroom. Each lab includes exercises, theorems, and problems that guide your students on an exploration of linear algebra. The exercises section integrates problems, technology, Mathematica® visualization, and Mathematica CDFs, enabling students to discover the theory and applications of linear algebra in a meaningful way. The theorems and problems section presents the theoretical aspects of linear algebra. Students are encouraged to discover the truth of each theorem and problem, to move toward proving (or disproving) each statement, and to present their results to their peers. Each chapter also contains a project set consisting of application-driven projects that emphasize the material in the chapter. Students can use these projects as the basis for further undergraduate research.

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This authoritative text on occupational lung disorders builds upon the fundamentals, including clinical, epidemiological, and predictive approaches. It discusses interstitial and malignant diseases, airways diseases, and other respiratory issues, such as diving, working at high altitudes, and abnormal sleep conditions. It also covers related long-term conditions, such as asthma and COPD. This edition has been completely revised and brought up to date for all physicians dealing with pulmonary disorders caused by the environment or the workplace.Print Versions of this book also include access to the ebook version.

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The Clinical Handbook of Contact Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Management by Body Region uses a succinct approach to help clinicians manage this multifaceted condition. Organized by body region, the handbook presents the most common allergens and irritants for a given location. It discusses products containing common allergens and irritants such as topical skin products, fragrances, shampoos, cosmetics, and textiles. The handbook also discusses several unusual presentations and less common allergen-containing products. In addition, it outlines diagnostic procedures and testing methods—including patch testing—as well as treatment considerations.Dermatologists, family physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, medical students, residents, and podiatrists will find this an essential reference.

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A cognitive network makes use of the information gathered from the network in order to sense the environment, plan actions according to the input, and make appropriate decisions using a reasoning engine. The ability of cognitive networks to learn from the past and use that knowledge to improve future decisions makes them a key area of interest for anyone whose work involves wireless networks and communications.Cognitive Networks: Applications and Deployments examines recent developments in cognitive networks from the perspective of cutting-edge applications and deployments. Presenting the contributions of internationally renowned experts, it supplies complete and balanced treatment of the fundamentals of both cognitive radio communications and cognitive networks—together with implementation details.The book includes case studies and detailed descriptions of cognitive radio platforms and testbeds that demonstrate how to build real-world cognitive radio systems and network architectures. It begins with an introduction to efficient spectrum management and presents a survey on joint routing and dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks.Next, it examines radio spectrum sensing and network coding and design. It explores intelligent routing in graded cognitive networks and presents an energy-efficient routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. The book concludes by considering dynamic radio spectrum access and examining vehicular cognitive networks and applications.Presenting the latest standards and spectrum policy developments, the book’s strong practical orientation provides you with the understanding you will need to participate in the development of compliant cognitive systems.

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Edited by One of the Best Specialists in Soil ScienceRecent studies reveal that Phosphorus (P) in the form of phosphate, a macronutrient essential for plant growth, and crop yields can influence the bioavailability, retention, and mobility of trace elements, metal(loid)s, and radio nuclides in soils. When this occurs, phosphates can affect the dynamics of heavy metals and influence soil characteristics, impacting soil mobility and toxicity. Phosphate in Soils: Interaction with Micronutrients, Radionuclides and Heavy Metals utilizes the latest research to emphasize the role that phosphate plays in enhancing or reducing the mobility of heavy metals in soil, and the soil-water-plant environment. It provides an in-depth understanding of each heavy metal species, and expands on phosphate interactions in geological material.Composed of 12 chapters, this text: Provides an overview of the reactions of metal(loid)s and common P compounds that are used as fertilizer in soils Emphasizes the effect of phosphorus on copper and zinc adsorption in acid soils Discusses findings on the influence of phosphate compounds on speciation, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils as well as the role of phosphates on in situ and phytoremediation of heavy metals for contaminated soils Places emphasis on the influence of phosphate on various heavy metals species in soils, and their solubility/mobility and availability Provides extensive information on testing various high phosphate materials for remediation of heavy metal, micronutrients, and radionuclides contaminated sites Explores the reactivity of heavy metals, micronutrients and radionuclides elements in several soils Presents a case study illustrating various remediation efforts of acidic soils and remediation of Cu, Zn, and lead (Pb) contaminated soils around nonferrous industrial plants Emphasizes the significance of common ions (cations and anions) on phosphate mobility and sorption in soils, and more The author includes analytical and numerical solutions along with hands-on applications, and addresses other topics that include the transport and sorption modeling of heavy metals in the presence of phosphate at different scales in the vadose zone.

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The Handbook of Cucurbits: Growth, Cultural Practices, and Physiology contains information on cultural practices, nutrition, and physiological processes of cucurbits under both normal and stressful conditions. It presents the history and importance of cucurbit crop production as well as exhaustive information on growth responses of cucurbits to various environmental conditions and nutrients.Unlike numerous other books and articles on cucurbits that exist in relative isolation of each other, this handbook provides a complete collection of factors on cucurbits. It addresses issues and concerns related to cucurbits growth, physiology, cultural practices, diseases, and production. It has been prepared by many competent and knowledgeable scientists, specialists, and researchers in agriculture and horticulture from several countries. It serves as a resource for both lectures and independent purposes, covering issues related to cucurbits from planting to production.The book is divided into 11 sections: Introductory Chapters; Cucurbits Physiological Stages of Growth and Development I; Cultural Practices of Cucurbits; Cucurbits Physiological Stages of Growth and Development II; Genetics, Genomics, and Breeding of Cucurbits; Cucurbits Grafting; Cucurbits Pathology and Diseases; Weed Control, Pest Control, and Insects of Cucurbits; Therapeutic and Medicinal Values of Cucurbits; Growth Responses of Cucurbits under Stressful Conditions (Abiotic and Biotic Stresses); and Examples of Cucurbits Crop Plants Growth and Development and Cultural Practices.Each of these sections consists of one or more chapters to discuss, independently, as many aspects of cucurbits as possible for that specific topic. Numerous figures and tables are included to facilitate the comprehension of the presented material. Hundreds of index words are also included to further increase accessibility to desired information.

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Modelled after the current MRCOG curriculum, the new edition of this bestselling book provides all the information a specialist registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology or senior house officer needs during training or when preparing for the MRCOG examination. Obstetrics & Gynaecology: An Evidence-based Text for MRCOG covers the latest professional guidelines and developments in obstetrics and gynaecology and continues to provide an easily accessible source of information for those practising as specialists.The book’s subsections within obstetrics and gynaecology are divided in line with the RCOG trainee logbook. The text is consistently structured throughout to ensure ease of reference with standardized headings including definitions, incidence, aetiology, investigations and management.Focusing on standards and an evidence-based approach, each chapter includes material on MRCOG standards in an easy-to-consult format. Information on evidence-based medicine is also included to provide a rapid summary of the evidence relating to the interventions and treatments discussed. This text will continue to be an invaluable companion to the higher training of obstetricians and gynaecologists and a useful ready reference for those in established practice.

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Biosimilars have the potential to change the way we think about, identify, and manage health problems. They are already impacting both clinical research and patient care, and this impact will only grow as our understanding and technologies improve. Written by a team of experienced specialists in clinical development, this book discusses various potential drug development strategies, the design and analysis of pharmacokinetics (PK) studies, and the design and analysis of efficacy studies.

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Computational Optical Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging covers recent discoveries and research in the field by some of the best inventors and researchers in the world. It also presents useful computational methods and applications used in optical biomedical spectroscopy and imaging. Topics covered include: New trends in immunohistochemical, genome, and metabolomics imaging Computer-aided diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases based on CT image analysis Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and its applications in neurosciences Applications of vibrational spectroscopic imaging in personal care studies Induced optical natural fluorescence spectroscopy for Giardia lamblia cysts Nanoimaging and polarimetric exploratory data analysis Fluorescence bioimaging with applications to chemistry Medical imaging instrumentation and techniques The book also discusses future applications, directions, opportunities, and challenges of optical biomedical spectroscopy and imaging in technical industry, academia, and government. This valuable resource introduces key concepts of computational methods used in optical biomedical spectroscopy and imaging in a manner that is easily understandable to beginners and experts alike.

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Current energy consumption mainly depends on fossil fuels that are limited and can cause environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. These factors have stimulated the search for alternate, clean, and renewable energy sources. Solar cells are some of the most promising clean and readily available energy sources. Plus, the successful utilization of solar energy can help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Recently, organic solar cells have gained extensive attention as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their light weight, mechanical flexibility, and solution-based cost-effective processing.Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling provides an in-depth understanding of the current state of the art of organic solar cell technology. Encompassing the full spectrum of organic solar cell materials, modeling and simulation, and device physics and engineering, this comprehensive text: Discusses active layer, interfacial, and transparent electrode materials Explains how to relate synthesis parameters to morphology of the photoactive layer using molecular dynamics simulations Offers insight into coupling morphology and interfaces with charge transport in organic solar cells Explores photoexcited carrier dynamics, defect states, interface engineering, and nanophase separation Covers inorganic–organic hybrids, tandem structure, and graphene-based polymer solar cells Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling makes an ideal reference for scientists and engineers as well as researchers and students entering the field from broad disciplines including chemistry, material science and engineering, physics, nanotechnology, nanoscience, and electrical engineering.

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Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics brings together a wealth of information on the natural history, ecology, and systematics of North American aquatic plants. Most books on aquatic plants have a taxonomic focus and are intended primarily for identification. Instead, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of major aquatic species by compiling information from numerous sources that lie scattered among the primary literature, herbarium databases, and other reference materials. Included dicotyledon species are those having an obligate (OBL) wetland status, a designation used in the USACE National Wetland Plant List. Recent phylogenetic analyses are incorporated and rationale is provided for interpreting this information with respect to species relationships. This diverse assemblage of information will be useful to a wide range of interests including academic researchers, wildlife managers, students, and virtually anyone interested in the natural history of aquatic and wetland plants. Although focusing specifically on North America, the cosmopolitan distribution of many aquatic plants should make this an attractive text to people working virtually anywhere outside of the region as well. This book is an essential resource for assisting with wetland delineation.

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Chemical peels have returned to the forefront of the practitioner's armamentarium and are popular because they offer nearly immediate results. The Textbook of Chemical Peels is the definitive guide to all types of chemical peel treatments. It covers the practical application and scientific background for a wide variety of chemical peels. The book reflects the new classification of peels as a medical, rather than cosmetic, treatment and helps providers by making chemical peel formulas easier, safer, and quicker to use. The book covers the appropriate selection of peels to treat the face, scalp, neck, hands, body, and forearms. It also discusses the use of peels to treat aging skin, stretch marks, scars, melasma, chloasma, acne, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and scalp keratoses.The mechanism of action, indication, application, and results are discussed for a variety of chemical peels including alpha hydroxy acids, trichloroacetic acid, salicylic acid, resorcine, and phenols. Also covered are any contraindications, precautions, and safety issues. This edition includes new material on adjunctive procedures such as microneedling and mesotherapy as well as new information on mosaic peels.Treatment prior to and following the peel are also discussed in detail, and a full chapter is devoted to discussing complications associated with chemical peels. The book incorporates color clinical photographs throughout as well as descriptive tables summarizing key information. Based on the author’s extensive experience in both research and practice, this updated reference is an invaluable guide to all providers involved with chemical peel treatments.

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Consider the Consequences of Bringing a Chemical to MarketProduct Stewardship: Life Cycle Analysis and the Environment explores the regulatory and scientific aspects of the life-cycle consequences of bringing a chemical to market. Using case studies to bring critical points to life, this multidisciplinary text explores the factors that influence our risk management decisions. It bridges the academic study of life cycle analysis and the practical concerns of those in industry who produce goods for market within the web of global product stewardship regulations and under the eye of consumers concerned with sustainability. This book: Discusses the technical tools that a product steward can use to predict the life cycle consequences of chemical manufacture and use Includes the techniques needed to characterize and predict the fate and transport of chemicals in the environment Explains the formal process of life cycle assessment, which is used to evaluate the potential effects on the environment Describes the regulation of both existing and new chemicals, using examples to illustrate the complexity of the factors that affect their regulation Provides case studies that integrate the technical and regulatory foundations of product stewardship which allows readers to explore past risk-management decisions Product Stewardship: Life Cycle Analysis and the Environment describes critical product stewardship regulations and the concept of life cycle thinking in understandable and practical terms. It examines the balance between the benefits of chemical use against the possible consequences of exposure and can assist readers in learning to predict, understand, and regulate the consequences of using a chemical substance through its life cycle.

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Designed for students training to become biostatisticians as well as practicing biostatisticians, Inference Principles for Biostatisticians presents the theoretical and conceptual foundations of biostatistics. It covers the theoretical underpinnings essential to understanding subsequent core methodologies in the field.Drawing on his extensive experience teaching graduate-level biostatistics courses and working in the pharmaceutical industry, the author explains the main principles of statistical inference with many examples and exercises. Extended examples illustrate key concepts in depth using a specific biostatistical context. In addition, the author uses simulation to reinforce the repeated sampling interpretation of numerous statistical concepts. Reducing the computational complexities, he provides simple R functions for conducting simulation studies.This text gives graduate students with diverse backgrounds across the health, medical, social, and mathematical sciences a solid, unified foundation in the principles of statistical inference. This groundwork will lead students to develop a thorough understanding of biostatistical methodology.

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Wang has gathered contributions from an impressive cohort of the world’s most respected experts on longhorned beetles. Chapters review both basics of cerambycid taxonomy, mor- phology, and behavior (feeding, reproduction, and chemical ecology), as well as more applied concerns, such as laboratory rearing, pest control, and bio- security. Overall, this volume is a valuable contribution to the literature as a "one-stop shop" for readers seeking a comprehensive overview of longhorned beetles... It represents a tremendous effort on the part of Wang and the authors, and has resulted in a much-needed update to the literature. This volume is the only work of its kind available at this time, and is a valuable addition to the library of any scientist studying wood-boring beetles.- Ann M. Ray, Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio in The Quarterly Review of Biology, Volume 94, 2019There are more than 36,000 described species in the family Cerambycidae in the world. With the significant increase of international trade in the recent decades, many cerambycid species have become major plant pests outside their natural distribution range, causing serious environmental problems at great cost. Cerambycid pests of field, vine, and tree crops and of forest and urban trees cost billions of dollars in production losses, damage to landscapes, and management expenditures worldwide.Cerambycidae of the World: Biology and Pest Management is the first comprehensive text dealing with all aspects of cerambycid beetles in a global context. It presents our current knowledge on the biology, classification, ecology, plant disease transmission, and biological, cultural, and chemical control tactics including biosecurity measures from across the world.Written by a team of global experts, this book provides an entrance to the scientific literature on Cerambycidae for scientists in research institutions, primary industries, and universities, and will serve as an essential reference for agricultural and quarantine professionals in governmental departments throughout the world.

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Integrating Scale in Remote Sensing and GIS serves as the most comprehensive documentation of the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place in integrating scale and remote sensing data. This work addresses the invariants of scale, the ability to change scale, measures of the impact of scale, scale as a parameter in process models, and the implementation of multiscale approaches as methods and techniques for integrating multiple kinds of remote sensing data collected at varying spatial, temporal, and radiometric scales. Researchers, instructors, and students alike will benefit from a guide that has been pragmatically divided into four thematic groups: scale issues and multiple scaling; physical scale as applied to natural resources; urban scale; and human health/social scale. Teeming with insights that elucidate the significance of scale as a foundation for geographic analysis, this book is a vital resource to those seriously involved in the field of GIScience.

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The Handbook of Laboratory Animal Bacteriology, Second Edition provides comprehensive information on all bacterial phylae found in laboratory rodents and rabbits to assist managers, veterinary pathologists and laboratory animal veterinarians in the management of these organisms. The book starts by examining the general aspects of bacteriology and how to sample and identify bacteria in animals. It then describes the most relevant species within each phylum and discusses the impact they may have on research. Emphasizing those bacteria known to interfere with research protocols, the book offers methods for isolation and differentiation among related bacteria. It discusses where to purchase reagents for rodent bacteriology and outlines standards for safety in a bacteriological laboratory.Highlights of the second edition: Focuses on modern sequencing techniques based on molecular identification Reorganizes content according to modern systematics based on new identification methods Presents new chapters on mechanisms behind bacterial impact on animal models and on the systematic classification of bacteria Provides information on a range of bacteria interfering with animal models for human disease, not only for those bacteria which cause disease in laboratory animal colonies Includes new figures in color and with enhanced resolution The book is essential reading for those interested in the management of organisms known to interfere with the colony health of rabbits and rodents used in research protocols—including facility managers, clinical veterinarians, veterinary pathologists, and researchers.

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Since synthetic plastics derived from fossil resources are mostly non-biodegradable, many academic and industrial researchers have shifted their attention toward bio-based materials, which are more eco-friendly.Bio-Based Composites for High-Performance Materials: From Strategy to Industrial Application provides an overview of the state-of-art in bio-based composites. The book integrates knowledge from various disciplines including plant science, materials science, polymer chemistry, chemical engineering, and nanotechnology. It discusses the raw materials used in bio-based composites, basic design principles, properties, applications, and life cycle assessments. The book also presents a strategic and policy-oriented view of these composites and considers the costs of retrofitting existing chemical production plants for bio-based composite manufacture. It is a definitive resource on bio-composites for academics, regulatory agencies, research and development communities, and industries worldwide.

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Unlike conventional single daily observations, time lapse technology provides hundreds of images, which allows pinpointing of key events in the embryo’s in vitro development as well as the detection of brief but significant critical changes. This information is beneficial in selecting the most viable embryos from a cohort and increases the chances of a positive outcome.The Atlas of Time Lapse Embryology describes in detail the technology and techniques surrounding time lapse embryology. The book also covers the clinical aspects of time lapse imaging, morphokinetic timings, implantation data, fertilization, compaction, blastulation, irregular cleavages, multinucleation, vacuolation, zona defects, and other topics. The book is easy to read, practical, and illustrated with dozens of images and video clips to help explain a variety of concepts. It will help practitioners to better understand how time lapse monitoring may dramatically increase flexibility in the IVF clinic, and most importantly, enhance clinical outcomes. Print Versions of this book also include access to the ebook version.

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Since 1945, "The Annual Deming Conference on Applied Statistics" has been an important event in the statistics profession. In Clinical Trial Biostatistics and Biopharmaceutical Applications, prominent speakers from past Deming conferences present novel biostatistical methodologies in clinical trials as well as up-to-date biostatistical applications from the pharmaceutical industry.Divided into five sections, the book begins with emerging issues in clinical trial design and analysis, including the roles of modeling and simulation, the pros and cons of randomization procedures, the design of Phase II dose-ranging trials, thorough QT/QTc clinical trials, and assay sensitivity and the constancy assumption in noninferiority trials. The second section examines adaptive designs in drug development, discusses the consequences of group-sequential and adaptive designs, and illustrates group sequential design in R. The third section focuses on oncology clinical trials, covering competing risks, escalation with overdose control (EWOC) dose finding, and interval-censored time-to-event data. In the fourth section, the book describes multiple test problems with applications to adaptive designs, graphical approaches to multiple testing, the estimation of simultaneous confidence intervals for multiple comparisons, and weighted parametric multiple testing methods. The final section discusses the statistical analysis of biomarkers from omics technologies, biomarker strategies applicable to clinical development, and the statistical evaluation of surrogate endpoints.This book clarifies important issues when designing and analyzing clinical trials, including several misunderstood and unresolved challenges. It will help readers choose the right method for their biostatistical application. Each chapter is self-contained with references.

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Humans have influenced the landscapes and forests throughout the temperate and boreal zones for millennia. Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests, Second Edition focuses on the negative impact of human activity, and explains the importance of forest restoration as a way to repair habitat, restore forest structure and function, and counteract the lasting effects of humanity. The book offers broad geographic coverage, as well as a combination of review and case study chapters providing social and policy contexts for restoration of specific forest types.This revised edition begins with a historical context for restoration, provides a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between degradation and restoration, and defines terms within that framework. While building on the first edition, it presents the response of restorationists to the current challenges of interpreting scattered science on forest history, stand development, and natural processes. It combines applicable experience designed to improve present and future ecological and social sustainability. Describes restoration in the context of rapid social, economic, environmental, and climate change Looks toward the future, presenting several completely new topics in forest restoration Covers different starting points for restoration, from non-forest to degraded forest Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests, Second Edition aids in the understanding of the diverse cultural and ecological contexts for restoration of temperate and boreal forests, and the creation of a better foundation of documented knowledge to support future and existing restoration decisions.

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Mountain regions encompass nearly 24 percent of the total land surface of the earth and are home to approximately 12 percent of the world’s population. Their ecosystems play a critical role in sustaining human life both in the highlands and the lowlands. During recent years, resource use in high mountain areas has changed mainly in response to the globalization of the economy and increased world population. As a result, mountain regions are undergoing rapid environmental change, exploitation, and depletion of natural resources leading to ecological imbalances and economic unsustainability. Moreover, the changing climatic conditions have stressed mountain ecosystems through higher mean annual temperatures and the melting of glaciers and snow. Altered precipitation patterns have also had an impact. This book addresses these critical issues and looks at ways to stop the downward spiral of resource degradation, rural poverty, and food and livelihood insecurity in mountain regions. The book also discusses new and comprehensive approaches to mountain development that are needed to identify sustainable resource development practices, how to strengthen local institutions and knowledge systems, and how to increase the resilience between mountain environments and their inhabitants.

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When it comes to metal rolling, understanding and controlling frictional phenomena is essential to improving product and developing a more effective approach to friction reduction. Providing a historical perspective that goes as far back as the days of Leonardo da Vinci and continues up until the present day, Friction and the Hot Rolling of Steel chronicles the fundamental causes of friction. This book includes well-documented, on-site observations in various commercial plants, presents and examines practical problems, and provides a critical analysis of literary data related to the subject.It explains the base mechanisms of friction, and offers insight and instruction on improving the control and understanding of friction in hot strip mills and other industrial plants. The text presents mathematical models of friction in control and general engineering in a way that enables engineers to test and refine them in their plants. Engineers have the ability to use them to control friction and minimize its negative effects, particularly as it relates to energy waste and product defects.Organized into four sections, this book outlines the evolutional concepts of friction, and covers the general phenomena relevant to the rolling of metals. This includes the impact of roughness and velocity, basics of liquid and solid lubrication, mathematical modelling, and the properties of materials that affect friction in steel rolling, such as metals, oxides, and carbides. It connects the theoretical concepts, laboratory-scale observations, and phenomena in other areas of science and engineering to the large-scale industrial process of hot rolling. It also addresses roll properties, oxidation, wear and chemical composition of rolls and their impact on friction, the evolution of friction over schedules and roll campaigns, and mathematical modelling of friction in hot rolling. Friction and the Hot Rolling of Steel contains a large body of technical information that includes various chemical and physical properties of relevant materials, mathematical models, and plant and laboratory observations. It also provides an extensive reference list of sources that address specific problems and interests in more detail. Presents practical problems that help academics and industrial researchers to identify promising new research areas in tribology and metal processing Offers an insight into the principles of the effective research that combines both academic excellence and industrial relevance Illustrates with observations and easy-to-understand analogies, enhancing the understanding and control of the mechanisms that influence friction in industrial plants This text services technical, research, and academic personnel working in steel processing, railway engineering, rolling of other metals, solid lubrication, the automotive industry, and more.

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Arthropods are important to worldwide agriculture, food safety, human health, and energy production. Besides their practical significance, various species represent excellent model systems for biological investigations of evolution, development, physiology, reproduction, and social interaction. For these reasons, arthropod genomics is receiving increasing attention from researchers around the globe. Protocols for Cytogenetic Mapping of Arthropod Genomes is a collection of up-to-date, detailed protocols for physical chromosome mapping and their applications for studying genome organization and evolution in insects and ticks. This book brings together the expertise of cytogeneticists working on diverse groups of arthropods. Each chapter demonstrates approaches to tissue dissection, chromosome preparation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and imaging. The book is a timely and complementary effort to the i5K initiative, which will obtain whole-genome sequences for 5,000 insect and related arthropod species. This comprehensive resource provides cytogeneticists with the necessary background and protocols to understand and develop chromosome-based genome assemblies from such whole-genome sequence data.

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Contact urticaria syndrome was first defined in 1975 and since then scientific interest has steadily increased. New cases are continuously being reported furnishing information on novel clinical features. A large number of compounds could be responsible for triggering the syndrome including fragrances, cosmetics, latex, preservatives, flavorings, and disinfectants.However, contact urticaria syndrome is often misdiagnosed in part due to a misinterpretation of its clinical manifestation and lack of knowledge of appropriate testing protocols and diagnostic programs. The latter have to be individualized for each patient based on the substance in question, medical history, possible concomitant disease, and clinical symptoms reported after exposure to the suspected culprit. Contact Urticaria Syndrome explains various aspects of this syndrome. The book discusses its definition, history, epidemiology, and occupational relevance. It also provides a detailed discussion of various triggers including proteins, chemical compounds, agricultural chemicals, metals, plants, foods, and other substances. The book describes known immunological and nonimmunological reactions along with diagnostic tools and test procedures. This comprehensive text is a helpful resource for dermatologists, toxicologists, immunologists, physicians, and other health care providers diagnosing and treating patients with contact urticaria syndrome. It summarizes clinical experience that makes it easier for providers to select the appropriate diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches.

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Understanding the Basics of Nanoindentation and Why It Is ImportantContact damage induced brittle fracture is a common problem in the field of brittle solids. In the case of both glass and ceramics—and as it relates to both natural and artificial bio-materials—it has triggered the need for improved fabrication technology and new product development in the industry. The Nanoindentation Technique Is Especially Dedicated to Brittle Materials Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids highlights the science and technology of nanoindentation related to brittle materials, and considers the applicability of the nanoindentation technique. This book provides a thorough understanding of basic contact induced deformation mechanisms, damage initiation, and growth mechanisms. Starting from the basics of contact mechanics and nanoindentation, it considers contact mechanics, addresses contact issues in brittle solids, and explores the concepts of hardness and elastic modulus of a material. It examines a variety of brittle solids and deciphers the physics of deformation and fracture at scale lengths compatible with the microstructural unit block. Discusses nanoindentation data analysis methods and various nanoindentation techniques Includes nanoindentation results from the authors’ recent research on natural biomaterials like tooth, bone, and fish scale materials Considers the nanoindentation response if contact is made too quickly in glass Explores energy issues related to the nanoindentation of glass Describes the nanoindentation response of a coarse grain alumina Examines nanoindentation on microplasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids provides a brief history of indentation, and explores the science and technology of nanoindentation related to brittle materials. It also offers an in-depth discussion of indentation size effect; the evolution of shear induced deformation during indentation and scratches, and includes a collection of related research works.

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Industrial Applications of High-Performance Computing: Best Global Practices offers a global overview of high-performance computing (HPC) for industrial applications, along with a discussion of software challenges, business models, access models (e.g., cloud computing), public-private partnerships, simulation and modeling, visualization, big data analysis, and governmental and industrial influence. Featuring the contributions of leading experts from 11 different countries, this authoritative book: Provides a brief history of the development of the supercomputer Describes the supercomputing environments of various government entities in terms of policy and service models Includes a case study section that addresses more subtle and technical aspects of industrial supercomputing Shows how access to supercomputing matters, and how supercomputing can be used to solve large-scale and complex science and engineering problems Emphasizes the need for collaboration between companies, political organizations, government agencies, and entire nations Industrial Applications of High-Performance Computing: Best Global Practices supplies computer engineers and researchers with a state-of-the-art supercomputing reference. This book also keeps policymakers and industrial decision-makers informed about the economic impact of these powerful technological investments.

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This book contains the most comprehensive reviews on the latest development of switchgrass research including the agronomy of the plant, the use of endophytes and mycorrhizae for biomass production, genetics and breeding of bioenergy related traits, molecular genetics and molecular breeding, genomics, transgenics, processing, bioconversion, biosystem and chemical engineering, biomass production modeling, economics of switchgrass feedstock production etc. The book will be of interest and great value to the switchgrass research communities in both academia and industry and a handbook for agronomists, geneticists, breeders, molecular biologists, physiologists, biosystems engineers and chemical engineers.

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This innovative textbook is modelled on problem-based learning. It bridges the gap between academic neuroanatomy and clinical neurology and effectively takes the reader from the classroom to the clinic, so that learning can be applied in practice.This second edition has been updated and expanded to include many more clinical cases within both the book and the accompanying Wweb site. This book and the associated Web site will be of practical value to all the professionals who deal with people who have neurological conditions, as well as being invaluable to medical students and residents. This includes physiatrists (rehabilitation medicine specialists), physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech therapists, and nurses who specialize in the care of neurological patients. We think that this text will also be of value for family physicians and specialists in internal medicine and pediatrics, all of whom must differentiate between organic pathology of the nervous system and other conditions.

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The State of the Art in Transcriptome Analysis RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data offers unprecedented information about the transcriptome, but harnessing this information with bioinformatics tools is typically a bottleneck. RNA-seq Data Analysis: A Practical Approach enables researchers to examine differential expression at gene, exon, and transcript levels and to discover novel genes, transcripts, and whole transcriptomes.Balanced Coverage of Theory and Practice.Each chapter starts with theoretical background, followed by descriptions of relevant analysis tools and practical examples. Accessible to both bioinformaticians and nonprogramming wet lab scientists, the examples illustrate the use of command-line tools, R, and other open source tools, such as the graphical Chipster software.The Tools and Methods to Get Started in Your Lab. Taking readers through the whole data analysis workflow, this self-contained guide provides a detailed overview of the main RNA-seq data analysis methods and explains how to use them in practice. It is suitable for researchers from a wide variety of backgrounds, including biology, medicine, genetics, and computer science. The book can also be used in a graduate or advanced undergraduate course.

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Immunity studies in sharks over the past three decades have produced some remarkable discoveries. If one message rings true, it is that alternative animal model systems, such as sharks and their relatives, have contributed very substantially to a better understanding of the development evolution of our own immune system.Immunobiology of the Shark describes the cellular, genetic, and molecular specifics of immune systems in sharks. Diverse approaches were employed to study the immunobiology of the shark from basic microscopic observations to detailed genome annotation. The book also raises a series of fascinating questions, which can be addressed experimentally using today’s technology. This book will be a valuable resource for mainstream immunologists, comparative immunologists, geneticists, ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and investigators engaged in shark research. The book also aims to illustrate the magnificence of these animals as model systems and underscores the importance of their study to further understand their complex, and often enigmatic, biology.

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An increasing number of technologies are being used to detect minute quantities of biomolecules and cells. However, it can be difficult to determine which technologies show the most promise for high-sensitivity and low-limit detection in different applications.Microfluidics and Nanotechnology: Biosensing to the Single Molecule Limit details proven approaches for the detection of single cells and even single molecules—approaches employed by the world’s foremost microfluidics and nanotechnology laboratories. While similar books concentrate only on microfluidics or nanotechnology, this book focuses on the combination of soft materials (elastomers and other polymers) with hard materials (semiconductors, metals, and glass) to form integrated detection systems for biological and chemical targets. It explores physical and chemical—as well as contact and noncontact—detection methods, using case studies to demonstrate system capabilities. Presenting a snapshot of the current state of the art, the text: Explains the theory behind different detection techniques, from mechanical resonators for detecting cell density to fiber-optic methods for detecting DNA hybridization, and beyond Examines microfluidic advances, including droplet microfluidics, digital microfluidics for manipulating droplets on the microscale, and more Highlights an array of technologies to allow for a comparison of the fundamental advantages and challenges of each, as well as an appreciation of the power of leveraging scalability and integration to achieve sensitivity at low cost Microfluidics and Nanotechnology: Biosensing to the Single Molecule Limit not only serves as a quick reference for the latest achievements in biochemical detection at the single-cell and single-molecule levels, but also provides researchers with inspiration for further innovation and expansion of the field.

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The Paradox: Americans are not as healthy as people in dozens of comparable countries that spend 30 percent less on health care, and our medical marketplace overall is plagued by persistent problems of cost, quality, and access. Yet, the world’s best individual health systems are located in the U.S.—each a unique result of visionary leadership and private initiative, not government-driven health reform.The Imperatives: Due to powerful new forces explained in this book, medical spending has stopped growing. Purchasers, payers, and patients are no longer willing or able to keep paying more. To stay in business and improve population health, providers and their business partners must eliminate the shameful waste generated by inefficient and ineffective production processes.The Solution: Simply repairing or repealing the Affordable Care Act will not get us where we want to go. The fundamental roadblock is a wasteful system, not uninsured Americans. Reform needs to be immediately redirected to creating the best health care system that 17 percent of GDP can buy. Money saved by taking the new path to reform can then be used to improve population health through access for all. Paradox and Imperatives in Health Care is the roadmap for getting there. Supplies updated perspectives on health care’s problems and solutions Details the reasons why government-driven reform does not solve problems Provides a justification for regulatory relief tied to performance improvement Suggests specific new policies for a better approach to desired outcomes Presents content written expressly for busy executives and policy makers

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In recent years, rapid strides have been made in the fields of microbiological aspects of food safety and quality, predictive microbiology and microbial risk assessment, microbiological aspects of food preservation, and novel preservation techniques. Written by the experts and pioneers involved in many of these advances, Microbial Food Safety and Preservation Techniques gives you an in-depth look at the fundamental and applied aspects of food safety. It describes the control measures employed and emphasizes the food preservative techniques that are used to ensure high-quality and safe foods.The book elucidates the hazards caused by food-borne pathogens and assesses the microbiological risk of raw, fresh produce, ready-to-eat (RTE), minimally processed, and processed foods. It then discusses the detection of pathogens using advanced molecular techniques, biosensors, and nanotechnology. The topics covered include smart/intelligent and active packaging techniques, hurdle technology, plasma technology, nanotechnology, use of natural flora belonging to lactic acid bacteria, and antimicrobials such as phytochemicals and essential oils, as well as novel food preservatives based on quorum sensing inhibitors. The inclusion of chapters on modeling microbial growth in food enhancing the safety and quality of foods makes the book especially practical.Examining the advantages and limitations of these new preservation techniques, the book highlights the trends and hot topics that help you face the challenges of food safety. With coverage of food safety issues, including detection, identification, and prevention of food-borne illness disease agents, as well as preservation techniques, the book provides a comprehensive resource for tackling current and future food safety issues.

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Photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy is an emerging approach to characterize the electronic structure of catalysts and enzymes, and it is either installed or planned for intense synchrotron beam lines and X-ray free electron lasers. This type of spectroscopy requires high-energy resolution spectroscopy not only for the incoming X-ray beam but also, in most applications, for the detection of the outgoing photons. Thus, the use of high-resolution X-ray crystal spectrometers whose resolving power ΔE/E is typically about 10–4, is mandatory.High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts covers the latest developments in X-ray light sources, detectors, crystal spectrometers, and photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy techniques. It also addresses photon-in-photon-out core level spectroscopy applications for the study of catalytic systems, highlighting hard X-ray measurements primarily due to probe high penetration, enabling in situ studies. This first-of-its-kind book: Discusses high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in terms of time-resolved and surface enhancement Supplies an understanding of catalytic reactivity essential for capitalizing on core level X-ray spectroscopy at fourth-generation light sources (XFELs) Describes all spectrometers developed to perform core level X-ray spectroscopy, considering the advantages and disadvantages of each Details methods to elucidate aspects of catalysts under working conditions, such as active sites and molecule adsorption Introduces theoretical calculations of spectra and explores biological as well as heterogeneous catalysts Complete with guidelines and warnings for the use of this type of spectroscopy, High-Resolution XAS/XES: Analyzing Electronic Structures of Catalysts provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this exciting field.

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This book develops a rational design and systematic approach to construct a gene network with desired behaviors. In order to achieve this goal, the registry of standard biological parts and experimental techniques are introduced at first. Then these biological components are characterized by a standard modeling method and collected in the component libraries, which can be efficiently reused in engineering synthetic gene networks. Based on the system theory, some design specifications are provided to engineer the synthetic gene networks to robustly track the desired trajectory by employing the component libraries.

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A User's Guide to Business Analytics provides a comprehensive discussion of statistical methods useful to the business analyst. Methods are developed from a fairly basic level to accommodate readers who have limited training in the theory of statistics. A substantial number of case studies and numerical illustrations using the R-software package are provided for the benefit of motivated beginners who want to get a head start in analytics as well as for experts on the job who will benefit by using this text as a reference book.The book is comprised of 12 chapters. The first chapter focuses on business analytics, along with its emergence and application, and sets up a context for the whole book. The next three chapters introduce R and provide a comprehensive discussion on descriptive analytics, including numerical data summarization and visual analytics. Chapters five through seven discuss set theory, definitions and counting rules, probability, random variables, and probability distributions, with a number of business scenario examples. These chapters lay down the foundation for predictive analytics and model building.Chapter eight deals with statistical inference and discusses the most common testing procedures. Chapters nine through twelve deal entirely with predictive analytics. The chapter on regression is quite extensive, dealing with model development and model complexity from a user’s perspective. A short chapter on tree-based methods puts forth the main application areas succinctly. The chapter on data mining is a good introduction to the most common machine learning algorithms. The last chapter highlights the role of different time series models in analytics. In all the chapters, the authors showcase a number of examples and case studies and provide guidelines to users in the analytics field.

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