Search results for ""Brill""

From the bestselling authors of Diary of a Brilliant Kid comes the much-anticipated follow-up, Brill Kid – The Big Number 2 Brill Kid - The Big Number 2 takes Awesomeness to the next level! This book is rock solid 'personal development' with a difference. A BIG difference! It's aimed at 7 to 11s, the exact age when mental habits are created. The book picks up where Diary of a Brilliant Kid left off – raising the bar from mental health to mental wealth, enabling young people to flourish in a world that's hell bent on knocking them sideways. It's about happiness and wellbeing. It tells you how to shine when the world's a bit dull. It's about learning to be your best self and hanging in there when the world's doing its worst. It's got oodles of content about self-care, kindness and confidence. It's got facts, diagrams, stories, activities, quotes and lots of silliness! Brill Kids will learn the following: Discover how life is actually all about crisps, sandwiches and milk and guess what – YOU are the magic ingredient! How to upgrade your life from just ‘okay’ to ‘BRILLIANT!’ Find out why LEGO and LIFE are actually the same thing (but spelt different obvs). Why kindness really does matter How to train your parents – yes, YOU! A personal letter to all the little (& big) worriers out there (fyi – there are lots of us) Brill Kid - The Big Number 2 will inspire kids, make them laugh and learn and leave them bouncing with brilliance!

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The volume puts into the spotlight overlaps and points of intersection between Plutarch and other writers of the imperial period. It contains twenty-eight contributions which adopt a comparative approach and put into sharper relief ongoing debates and shared concerns, revealing a complex topography of rearrangements and transfigurations of inherited topics, motifs, and ideas. Reading Plutarch alongside his contemporaries brings out distinctive features of his thought and uncovers peculiarities in his use of literary and rhetorical strategies, imagery, and philosophical concepts, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the empire’s culture in general, and Plutarch in particular.

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This is a collection of essays in two volumes in honor of Sarah Stroumsa, an eminent scholar who through the years has embodied and advanced the possibility of collaboration across borders. The volume is presented to her by scholars working on the study of the intellectual history of the Middle Ages, the intercultural contact and migration of knowledge in the Islamic world, and many other topics.

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Growing out of a series of discussions and gatherings over the course of more than two years, Bridging the Rainbow Gap is a collection of chapters and response essays that take up key tensions, gaps, and possibilities in queer and trans scholarship in education. Working across K-12, higher education, and other education disciplines, the authors in the volume take up themes of identity development, ethnography, young adult literature, queer joy, queer potentiality, ideology, emerging issues in trans studies, whiteness in queer studies, and futures in queer and trans studies. Collectively, the book serves as an invitation into generative conversations about what queer and trans studies are, what they can be, and what they might do in education.

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Aristotle Onassis was the most famous shipowner of the twentieth century. He became the archetype and image of the ship-owning magnate, the symbol of Greek enterprise on a global scale. What distinguished him from the rest was that he created the shipping business of the new global era, combining the European maritime tradition and the American institutions and resources. Almost all books written on Onassis focus on his lifestyle and personal life. This is the first book examining all aspects of his multi-faceted global business activities in the shipping, airline and oil industries. It is based on the newly-formed Onassis Archive comprising thousands of new and unpublished files of his core business. Contributors are: Alexandra Papadopoulou, Amalia Pappa, Maria Damilakou, Lars Scholl, and Christos Tsakas.

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Cognitive semantics is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of meaning and mind. The Handbook of Cognitive Semantics is the first reference work in the field. Edited by Thomas Fuyin Li, with a detailed taxonomy of the field by Leonard Talmy, it provides an overview of the basic topics and recent developments. Since its origins, cognitive semantics has grown greatly in the range and depth of its research on conceptual structure in language. The Handbook shows that cognitive semantics has become a mature discipline that advances linguistic meaning to a central place in research on cognition. This is the third volume in a set of four. It contains the following parts: Part VII: Space and Time Part VIII: Event Typology Part IX: Meaning Construction

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What makes the relationship between Switzerland and the EU so challenging? For both parties, mutual relations are of crucial importance, not least economically. As a result of the Swiss voters’ rejection of the European Economic Area 30 years ago, there is at present a large number of agreements that provide for Switzerland's partial participation in the EU's internal market as well as other matters. At the same time, there has now for more than a decade been an increasing degree of institutional and legal uncertainty. The present volume offers an inventory of different sides of this special relationship, which is interesting also in a comparative context.

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Casuistry and Early Modern Spanish Literature examines a neglected yet crucial field: the importance of casuistical thought and discourse in the development of literary genres in early modern Spain. Faced with the momentous changes wrought by discovery, empire, religious schism, expanding print culture, consolidation of legal codes and social transformation, writers sought innovation within existing forms (the novella, the byzantine romance, theatrical drama) and created novel genres (most notably, the picaresque). These essays show how casuistry, with its questioning of example and precept, and meticulous concern with conscience and the particularities of circumstance, is instrumental in cultivating the subjectivity, rhetorical virtuosity and spirit of inquiry that we have come to associate with the modern novel.

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In Plutarch. De facie quae in orbe lunae apparet, Luisa Lesage Gárriga offers a new critical edition with English translation of one of Plutarch’s most fascinating treatises, and yet one of the least known to the wider public. Dealing with the nature and function of the moon from multiple perspectives, this treatise offers a comprehensive overview of scientific knowledge and religious-philosophical thought from the first centuries CE. The difficulty of Plutarch’s style, the shortage of manuscripts, and the numerous text-critical interventions have often obscured the meaning of central passages of the treatise. By means of a new approach to the manuscripts’ readings and a more lenient use of editorial interventions and conjectures, Luisa Lesage Gárriga manages to bring innovative solutions to many of the problematic passages.

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The introduction of writing enables new forms of literature, but these can be invisible in works that survive as manuscripts. Through looking at inscriptions of poetry on garbage and as graffiti, we can glimpse how literature spread along with writing. This study uses these lesser-studied sources, including inscriptions on pottery, architecture, and especially wooden tablets known as mokkan, to uncover how poetry, and literature more broadly, was used, shared and thrown away in early Japan. Through looking at these disposable and informal sources, we explore the development of early Japanese literature, and even propose parallels to similar developments in other societies across space and time.

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Dispersals and diversification offers linguistic and archaeological perspectives on the disintegration of Proto-Indo-European, the ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Two chapters discuss the early phases of the disintegration of Proto-Indo-European from an archaeological perspective, integrating and interpreting the new evidence from ancient DNA. Six chapters analyse the intricate relationship between the Anatolian branch of Indo-European, probably the first one to separate, and the remaining branches. Three chapters are concerned with the most important unsolved problems of Indo-European subgrouping, namely the status of the postulated Italo-Celtic and Graeco-Armenian subgroups. Two chapters discuss methodological problems with linguistic subgrouping and with the attempt to correlate linguistics and archaeology. Contributors are David W. Anthony, Rasmus Bjørn, José L. García Ramón, Riccardo Ginevra, Adam Hyllested, James A. Johnson, Kristian Kristiansen, H. Craig Melchert, Matthew Scarborough, Peter Schrijver, Matilde Serangeli, Zsolt Simon, Rasmus Thorsø, Michael Weiss.

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Empires of the Sea brings together studies of maritime empires from the Bronze Age to the Eighteenth Century. The volume aims to establish maritime empires as a category for the (comparative) study of premodern empires, and from a partly ‘non-western’ perspective. The book includes contributions on Mycenaean sea power, Classical Athens, the ancient Thebans, Ptolemaic Egypt, The Genoese Empire, power networks of the Vikings, the medieval Danish Empire, the Baltic empire of Ancien Régime Sweden, the early modern Indian Ocean, the Melaka Empire, the (non-European aspects of the) Portuguese Empire and Dutch East India Company, and the Pirates of Caribbean.

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This book covers the narratives of three authors who have different educational backgrounds, academic experiences, and fields of study. It interrogates and discusses the topic of educational assessment in different education systems, which represent eastern and western cultures and political contexts. The book provides recommendations for developing teachers’ assessment literacy in teacher education and professional development programs. It also serves as a springboard for futher inquiry into the subject.

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Foucault and Animals is the first collection of its kind to explore the relevance of Michel Foucault’s thought for the question of the animal. Chrulew and Wadiwel bring together essays from emerging and established scholars that illuminate the place of animals and animality within Foucault’s texts, and open up his highly influential range of concepts and methods to different domains of human-animal relations including experimentation, training, zoological gardens, pet-keeping, agriculture, and consumption. Touching on themes such as madness and discourse, power and biopolitics, government and ethics, and sexuality and friendship, the volume takes the fields of Foucault studies and human-animal studies into promising new directions.

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This volume contains a series of provocative essays that explore expressions of magic and ritual power in the ancient world. The strength of the present volume lies in the breadth of scholarly approaches represented. The book begins with several papyrological studies presenting important new texts in Greek and Coptic, continuing with essays focussing on taxonomy and definition. The concluding essays apply contemporary theories to analyses of specific test cases in a broad variety of ancient Mediterranean cultures. Paul Mirecki, Th.D. (1986) in Religious Studies, Harvard Divinity School, is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Kansas. Marvin Meyer, Ph.D. (1979) in Religion, Claremont Graduate School, is Professor of Religion at Chapman University, Orange, California, and Director of the Coptic Magical Texts Project of the Institute for Antiquity and Christianity.

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The first in-depth scholarly study in English of the Japanese performance medium kamishibai, Sharalyn Orbaugh’s Propaganda Performed illuminates the vibrant street culture of 1930s Japan as well as the visual and narrative rhetoric of Japanese propaganda in World War II. Emerging from Japan’s cities in the late 1920s, kamishibai rapidly transformed from a cheap amusement associated with poverty into the most popular form of juvenile entertainment, eclipsing even film and manga. By the time kamishibai died as a living medium in the 1970s it had left behind indelible influences on popular culture forms such as manga and anime, as well as on avant-garde cinema, theater, and art. From 1932 to 1945, however, kamishibai also became a vehicle for propaganda messages aimed not primarily at children, but at adults. A mixture of script, image, and performance, the medium was particularly suited to conveying populist, emotionally compelling messages to audiences of all classes, ages, and literacy levels, making it a crucial tool in the government’s efforts to mobilize the domestic populace in Japan and to pacify the inhabitants of the empire’s colonies and occupied territories. With seven complete translations of wartime plays, over 300 color illustrations from hard-to-access kamishibai play cards, and photographs of prewar performances, this study constitutes an archive of wartime history in addition to providing a detailed analysis of the rhetoric of political persuasion.

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Relying on a variety of literary, documentary and archaeological sources, this work explores the Roman military supply system from the Punic Wars to the end of the Principate. Each chapter is devoted to a different aspect of logistics: supply needs and rations; packs, trains and military servants; foraging and requisition; supply lines; sources of supply; administration; and the impact of logistics on Roman warfare. As a whole the book traces the development of the Roman logistics into a highly sophisticated supply system - a vital element in the success of Roman arms. In addition, it makes a critical study of important technical questions of Roman logistics, such as the size of the soldier's grain ration, the function of military servants, and the changes in logistical management under the Republic and Empire.

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The present book investigates three short late Mamluk treatises about land properties (waqf) in the Palestinian city of Hebron, which the prophet Muhammad granted to Tamīm al-Darī. The treatise entitled Ḍawʾ al-sārī li-maʿrifat ḫabar Tamīm al-Dārī by al-Maqrīzī (d. 845/1442) is the core of the book. It is edited here for the first time on the sole basis of the copy corrected by the author. A facsimile of the manuscript is also provided at the end of the book. In order to illuminate the discourse on property rights and donation that prevailed in the Mamluk period and al-Maqrīzī’s position, two additional treatises dealing with the same issue are included. The first is al-Ǧawāb al-ǧalīl ʿan ḥukm balad al-Ḫalīl by Ibn Ḥaǧar al-ʿAsqalānī (d. 852/1448). The second is al-Faḍl al-ʿamīm fī iqṭāʿ Tamīm by al-Suyūṭī (911/1505). The three texts are fully translated and annotated and preceded by a thorough introduction.

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This volume makes available for the first time in English translation a selection of Jacques Jouanna's papers on medicine in the Graeco-Roman world. The papers cover more than thirty years of Jouanna’s scholarship and range from the early beginnings of Greek medicine to late antiquity. Part One studies the ways in which Greek medicine is related to its historical and cultural background (politics, rhetoric, drama, religion). Part Two studies a number of salient features of Hippocratic medicine, such as dietetics, theories of health and disease and concepts of psychosomatic interaction, in relation to Greek philosophical thought. Part Three studies the reception of Hippocratic medicine, especially medical ethics and the theory of the four humours, in Galen and in late antiquity.

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The great European conflict known as the Thirty Years War was only the final phase of a war in the Netherlands which was to last 80 years. In the course of this the Dutch rose up successfully against their Spanish rulers and established a Republic in the early 16th century which was the envy of its contemporaries. This volume brings together papers by 11 leading military historians from the Netherlands who discuss the processes by which the Dutch organised and financed the military apparatus which was eventually to defeat the leading land and maritime power of their day, and to maintain the position of Holland as a world power until well into the 18th century. Articles cover military matters such as changes in strategy and tactics and issues such as the financing of the war, effort, the navy, privateering and the arms trade.

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Earthquake Prediction is the ultimate goal for geoscientists. This volume presents the latest ideas of the ever fascinating and challenging research of earthquake prediction. Sunspot activity and Coronal mass ejection are considered to be influential phenomena in affecting both the electric as well as the magnetic characteristics of sun-earth environment. All these changes have been observed before the occurrence of earthquakes and tsunami in various parts of the earth. A session on Earthquake Prediction, chaired by Dr. Saumitra Mukerjee was held during the European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2005, (Vienna, Austria, April 2005). The EGU General Assembly was able to bring together 8000 geoscientists from all over Europe and the rest of the world into one meeting covering all disciplines of the Earth and Planetary Sciences. This book presents the 7 papers presented in the session on Earthquake Prediction.

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Growing interest in the formulation of pressure-sensitive adhesives as described in the first edition of this book ( Pressure-Sensitive Formulation, VSP, 2000) required a new, enlarged edition including the design of pressure-sensitive adhesives as a separate volume. Developments in the understanding of pressure sensitivity were necessary to use macromolecular chemistry for pressure-sensitive design. Such developments include polymer physics and contact mechanics. Progress in coating technology, especially in in-line coating- and synthesis, opened new ways for the design of pressure-sensitive adhesives and products as well. Actually, pressure-sensitive-products with and without adhesives compete requiring a broad variety of material formulations and the corresponding manufacturing technology. The first volume of the book examines the theoretical aspects of pressure-sensitive design, based on macromolecular chemistry, macromolecular physics, rheology and contact mechanics. The second volume describes the practical aspects of pressure-sensitive design and formulation, related to product application. The advances in the various domains are described by specialists.

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The book generally shows the interrelation between allyl unit structure of the initial ester and composition and structure of its products. The first part studies the pathways of chemical regrouping in chlorallylaryl and bisarylallyl esters using quantum-chemical calculations. Energy parameters, structural features and electron structure of intermediates and transition states are also discussed. Simple and regioselective methods for compound synthesis inaccessible in other production techniques are developed. For the first time, new four- and eight-term nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds were produced by aniline alkenylation technique. In 0.05% aqueous solution these compounds displayed 100% activity in suppression of sulfate-reducing bacterium growth. Two new classes of complex action preparations designed for the oil production rate increase were obtained by heterocyclic amine alkenylation. Production methods for N-alkenyl ammonium salts derived from hexamethylene tetramine are developed and introduced into production, and compounds are used on oil fields. In the second part production methods of new mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-tert-butyl hexamethylene tetramine chlorides are discussed. These compounds fully suppress sulfate-reducing bacterium growth already in 200 – 500 mg/l concentration. A universal technology deriving bactericides and sulfide corrosion inhibitors for metals from methallyl chloride is developed. It also gives a method for organochlorine waste and methallyl chloride production wastewater management, safe for the environment.

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This book documents the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polymer Surface Modification: Relevance to Adhesion held under the auspices of MST Conferences, LLC in Orlando, FL, June 9-11, 2003. Polymers are used for a variety of purposes in a host of technological applications and even a cursory look at the literature will evince that currently there is tremendous interest and R&D activity in the area of polymer surface modification to attain their desired surface characteristics, particularly to enhance their adhesion. This volume contains a total of 25 papers which were properly peer reviewed, revised and edited. So this book is not merely a collection of papers, rather represents the highest standard of publication. The book is divided into three parts: 1. Plasma Surface Modification Techniques; 2. Other / Miscellaneous Surface Modification Techniques; and 3. General Papers. The topics covered include: low pressure plasma surface modification of a variety of polymers using various gases; atmospheric pressure plasma treatment; improvement of stain release properties of fabrics; modification of electrostatic properties of polymers; photon-based processes for surface modification of fibers; excimer UV light treatment; excimer laser surface treatment; low-energy ion treatment; photo-grafting and photo-curing; metallization of treated polymers; chemical (wet) functionalization of polymers; adhesion of paints to thermoplastic substrates; polymer release surfaces; nanolithography in polymer films; gas barrier properties of ceramic layers on polymers; and modification of interphase layer and relevance to adhesion. This volume and its predecessors containing plentiful information should serve as a comprehensive source of latest R&D activity in the highly technologically important arena of polymer surface modification. Anyone interested –centrally or peripherally– in knowing or learning about the various ways to modify polymer surfaces should find this book of immense value.

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There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

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This volume documents the proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Particles on Surfaces: Detection, Adhesion and Removal held in Newark, NJ, June 19-21, 2000. The study of particles on surfaces is extremely important in a host of diverse technological areas, ranging from microelectronics to optics to biomedical. This volume contains a total of 28 papers, which were all properly peer reviewed, revised and edited before inclusion. Therefore, this book is not merely a collection of unreviewed manuscripts, but rather represents information which has passed peer scrutiny. Furthermore, the authors were asked to update their manuscripts, so the information contained in this book should be current and fresh. This volume is divided into two parts: 1) Particle Analysis and General Cleaning-Related Topics; and 2) Particle Adhesion and Removal. The topics covered include: surface analysis techniques for particle identification; cleaning, rinsing and drying issues in post-CMP cleaning; fundamental forces involved in particle adhesion; factors affecting adhesion of small (nanosize) particles; factors important in particle detachment; particle adhesion measurement by AFM; various (wet and dry) techniques for particle removal, e.g., laser, ultrasonic, megasonic, use of surfactants; toner particles and pharmaceutical particles. This volume offers a wealth of information on the tremendously technologically important field of particles on surfaces and should provide a consolidated source of current R&D activity in this arena. Therefore, it will be of value and use to anyone interested in the topic of particles on surfaces.

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This volume documents the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion held in Newark, NJ, June 21-23, 2000. Since the first symposium, held in 1992, there had been tremendous research activity on many ramifications of wettability phenomena. This volume contains a total of 33 papers, which were all properly peer reviewed, revised and edited before inclusion. Therefore, this book is not merely a collection of unreviewed manuscripts, but rather represents information which has passed peer scrutiny. Furthermore, the authors were asked to update their manuscripts, so the information contained in this book should be current and fresh. The book is divided into three parts: 1) General Papers; 2) Contact Angle Measurements / Determination and Solid Surface Free Energy; and 3) Wetting and Spreading: Fundamental and Applied Aspects. The topics covered include: various factors influencing contact angle measurements; various ways to measure contact angles; contact angle hysteresis; microscopic studies of static and dynamic contact angles; monitoring surface properties by contact angle measurements; contact angle measurements on various materials (smooth, rough, porous, heterogeneous); microtensiometry to determine contact angles on individual particles; surface free energy determination of various polymeric materials via contact angle measurements; factors influencing wetting and spreading phenomena; dewetting kinetics; wetting properties of wood, coal, paper, human skin and optoelectronic materials; droplet deposition on fibers; electrowetting; and relation between wettability and adhesion. This volume represents a commentary on the current R&D activity in this arena and it should – together with its predecessor (Volume 1) – be of great value and interest to anyone interested in this topic.

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This Festschrift documents the Proceedings of the First International Congress on Adhesion Science and Technology, held in honor of Dr. Kash Mittal on the occasion of his 50 birthday, in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 16-20, 1995. It contains the full accounts of the plenary and invited lectures, which are divided into the following seven parts: Part 1: Fundamental aspects of adhesion and general topics; Part 2: Contact angle, wettability and surface energetics; Part 3: Surface modification: Relevance to adhesion; Part 4: Adhesives and adhesive joints; Part 5: Adhesion aspects of polymeric coatings, and polymer-polymer interphase; Part 6: Metal-polymer and metal-ceramic adhesion; and Part 7: General papers. The topics covered include many different aspects of adhesion science and technology, and both fundamental and applied issues are addressed. The final section of this volume gives a listing of titles, authors and affiliations of the other 185 papers which were included in the technical program of the conference.

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The development of the principles of electrically conductive polymer composites and the creation of a wide variety of such materials have had a significant influence on modern technology. This volume in the "New Concepts in Polymer Science" series is devoted to various aspects of the structure and properties of electrically conductive polymer composites. This monograph is an attempt to systematize modern ideas on the interconnection of the structure and properties of ECPCs. Specific attention is given to the influence of electric current on kinetics and the direction of chemical interactive processes between such systems and air oxygen. The book also contains a special chapter which is devoted to the practical applications of electrically conductive polymer composites. It should be of use and interest to researchers working in the field.

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How can human rights for children born outside their national jurisdiction with parents deemed as terrorists be safeguarded? In what ways do children risk being discriminated in their welfare rights in Sweden when treated as invisible part of a family? How can we do research on children’s rights in not just ethically sensitive ways but also with respect for children as rights subjects? And what could be a theory on social justice for children? These are questions discussed in studies from different disciplines concerning children’s international human rights, with a special focus on the realization of the CRC in Sweden.

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The book is devoted to kinetics and thermodynamics of the processes with participation of some biological compounds and their synthetic analogues. Aspects of their acting as model enzymes, molecular receptors, photo sensitizers, pharmocophores, and biopharmaceutical compounds are under consideration. Quantitative characteristics of transfer of cations, anions and small organic molecules, fermentative catalysis, diffusion of the drug molecular through biological membranes are found. Mechanisms of the processes are discussed. Biological activity of studied compounds is evaluated. Bio-damages of materials as well as adhesions of microorganisms on materials surface are investigated.

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Initiated by Robert Wesson, Evolution and Human Values is a collection of newly written essays designed to bring interdisciplinary insight to that area of thought where human evolution intersects with human values. The disciplines brought to bear on the subject are diverse - philosophy, psychiatry, behavioral science, biology, anthropology, psychology, biochemistry, and sociology. Yet, as organized by co-editor Patricia A. Williams, the volume falls coherently into three related sections. Entitled Evolutionary Ethics, the first section brings contemporary research to an area first explored by Herbert Spencer. Evolutionary ethics looks to the theory of evolution by natural selection to find values for human living. The second section, Evolved Ethics, discusses the evolution of language and religion and their impact on moral thought and feeling. Evolved ethics was partly Charles Darwin's subject in The Descent of Man. The last section bears the title Scientific Ethics. A nascent field, scientific ethics asks about the evolution of human nature and the implications of that nature for ethical theory and social policy. Together, the essays collected here provide important contemporary insights into what it is - and what it may be - to be human.

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This study investigates the structural changes in western Sri Lanka's agrarian society under the administration of the Dutch United East India Company (VOC). In the areas where peasant agriculture was the predominant form of production, changes in the land tenure system paved the way for a modern system of private property relations. A new class differentiation emerged and the indigenous chiefs turned into powerful landowners. In addition to this, new light is shed on the dynamics of caste formation as a result of the early colonial encounter.

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This book offers an overview of bourgeois culture and aspects of everyday life in the German cultural area from the Renaissance to the end of the 18th century. At the same time the reader is introduced to fundamental research problems. The spectrum of topics ranges from life styles to clothing and eating habits, from consciousness of time to rites de passage, birth, marriage and death. Special attention is paid to the role of female and male citizens in music, literature and fine arts. This is a concise introduction for history and art history students, scholars and everyone interested in the pre-history of the modern world. References from important sources define the text; together they are useful resources for teaching.

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The purpose of this book is to give a precise meaning to the formula: English is the language of imperialism. Understanding that statement involves a critique of the dominant views of language, both in the field of linguistics (the book has a chapter criticising Chomsky’s research programme) and of the philosophy of language (the book has a chapter assessing Habermas’s philosophy of communicative action). The book aims at constructing a Marxist philosophy of language, embodying a view of language as a social, historical, material and political phenomenon. Since there has never been a strong tradition of thinking about language in Marxism, the book provides an overview of the question of Marxism in language (from Stalin’s pamphlet to Voloshinov's book, taking in an essay by Pasolini), and it seeks to construct a number of concepts for a Marxist philosophy of language. The book belongs to the tradition of Marxist critique of dominant ideologies. It should be particularly useful to those who, in the fields of language study, literature and communication studies, have decided that language is not merely an instrument of communication.

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