Search results for ""Nova Science Publishers Inc""

Higher science education is about preparing people to address the scientific and technological challenges of our times. The list of these challenges includes, but are not limited to, feeding the worlds growing population, improving the length and quality of lives on Earth, improving short- and long- distance communication and transportation, predicting of, adapting to, and mitigating of natural hazards, and exploring space to improve our lives on Earth and for the survival of our civilization. This book prepares students to understand and address these challenges because these challenges, even in most of their narrow focuses, transcend the current college curriculums or programs. The Earths climate change is an example of the narrow focus of the large topic of natural hazards. It spans almost all aspects of modern sciences, including biology, chemistry, and physics. Moreover, the span of these challenges may also be telling us that we have to rethink higher sciences education because the current splintering of science education into endless disciplines may not be the best or a unique way to prepare minds to address these challenges. We may be locking great young minds to a certain viewpoint forever, an unintended indoctrination. At least some universities and colleges must start moving away from the monolithic way of delivering higher science education or to create a multidisciplinary science as a separate program and hopefully unleash a new generation of super engineers and scientists who are speaking scientific language. Moreover, this approach may optimize the higher education time for some people.

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This book performs a multidisciplinary approach of wind energy and analyzes existing wind technologies to propose novel modeling techniques and control systems and explore novel applications. The authors discuss whether wind energy is a valid alternative from the point of view of feasibility to be integrated in buildings or desalination plants, among others. The results support that wind energy is a profitable alternative that can also be used in several different applications different from large-scale plants. Finally, in this book, a chapter is included to evaluate the feasibility and economic, social and environmental implications of large-scale wind plants in locations where no previous development exists and where specific complex characteristics must be considered and a case study for the largest wind plant in Ecuador is presented. As a result, readers can access a detailed approach to wind energy from a technical point of view and consider novel applications and related implications of this renewable energy.

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Good governance, at present, is a widely used term. Bangladesh has maintained a steady economic growth rate. This book explores the governance situation in Bangladesh and highlights some of the key strategies to deal with the issues related to governance. The civil society of Bangladesh plays a crucial function in the institutionalization of democracy. Additionally, the NGOs, a key component of civil society, have continued to be enthusiastically involved in the rural community progress programs to enhance the well-being of the vulnerable people in rural areas. Moreover, the book also contains an analysis of Bangladesh's governance situation from good governance. Good governance is essential in Bangladesh because there is ongoing concern about the state's authority, the public sector's failure to meet citizens' needs and demands, the continuation of corrupt and inefficient public services, and an unfavorable businessenvironment stifling the private sector's development. Finally, the idea of e-governance is discussed in this book. The advancements in Internet Technology (IT) can enhance service delivery efficiency. To satisfy the growing needs of today's citizens, the government has come under pressure to become more efficient and transparent. This book, it is hoped, will be helpful for those policymakers, researchers, students, and academics interested in learning about the governance situation in Bangladesh.

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Biodegradation refers to the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and constitutes an important part of waste management, environmental protection, and more. This book includes four chapters that provide different perspectives on the importance of biodegradation using new research. Chapter One presents a comprehensive discussion of biodegradable implants, emphasizing the important features of biodegradable Mg-based and Fe-based systems and their recent developments. Chapter Two explores case studies on the reutilisation of fishery waste to gain a better understanding of biodegradation in the production of biofertiliser and bioactive compounds. Chapter Three reviews information about studies performed in order to develop bioremediation strategies using fungi or microbial consortia to diminish chemical herbicides residues in soil. Lastly, Chapter Four describes green synthesised and biologically synthesized nanoparticles and their role in remediation and gives insight into a recently emerged, novel method that makes use of nano-bio composite in dye remediation.

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Quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics, and represents the forefront of theoretical physics. The four chapters of this book include new research on quantum field theory and present different perspectives on the subject. Chapter One applies the notion of clothing particles in QFT to the theory of nuclear forces and quantum electrodynamics. Chapter Two is based on results from black hole thermodynamics at all energy scales and demonstrates that there is a natural ultraviolet applicable boundary distant from the Planck scales in QFT. Chapter Three presents a version of quantum field theory based on discrete energy-momentum and illustrates this theory using examples of fermion and boson fields. Lastly, Chapter Four discusses in detail whether or not perturbative expansion series in quantum electrodynamics are convergent and points out that the disagreement between the experimental value of the muon g-2 and the theoretical one predicted in the standard model might be due either to the larger hadronic vacuum polarization contributions or to an unexpectedly large sum of the perturbative expansion series.

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Are the criteria by which to judge the validity of new interventions in the urban planning and the urban design of our cities, open spaces, and squares to be based on the historical morphological development of the place? Or is history just a tool by which we justify our interventions so that we may regulate the pace of the inevitable change of the form of our urban places to conserve the urban identity of the place and thereby the social and cultural identity of its inhabitants? The book traces the urban morphological development of Square Victoria in Montreal since its inception as a market-square and assesses the recent reconstruction of Square Victoria considering its historical evolution. The book follows a socio-economic approach for the study of the downtown urban square. The urban morphological development of Square Victoria is divided into three major phases: the pre-industrial, the industrial, and the post-industrial. The development of Square Victoria is examined in relation to the larger context of socio-economic transformations of the city of Montreal. The market-square undergoes a double mutation. The first mutation was due to the Industrial Revolution during which the square was renamed Square Victoria and the hay market was transferred to another location in the city (in St. Ann's Ward). It was during the Industrial Age that Square Victoria attains its mature form in the years 1930s in two steps; first Square Victoria becomes the commercial downtown city-center and then becomes part of the business city-center. The second mutation of Square Victoria was due to the Informational Technology Revolution and the new principles of modern urbanism. The urban development of the square suffered from this mutation with the direct result of the loss of the quality of enclosure and character of the square. Architects Daouste Lestage and Provencher Roy judiciously decided to retrieve the identity of the square by designing their interventions in conformity with the historical evolution of the square, especially retrieving its outstanding qualities characterizing it at its maturity in the 1930s.

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Radium is a radioactive element and the heaviest in the group of alkaline earth metals, with geochemical characteristics that are very similar to those of barium and calcium. In the environment, its chemical properties are controlled by ion exchange and adsorption processes, mechanisms that control the rate of radium transport in surface waters, groundwaters and soil systems. There are four natural isotopes of radium: 226Ra (half-life = 1622 years, alpha particle emitter, member of the 238U decay series); 223Ra (half-life = 11.4 days, alpha particle emitter, member of the 235U decay series); 228Ra (half-life = 6.7 years, beta particle emitter, member of the 232Th decay series); 224Ra (half-life = 3.6 days, alpha particle emitter, member of the 232Th decay series). The dominant mineralogical characteristics of the rocks in the drainage basins and aquifers strata considerably influence the presence of these radium isotopes in the waters. Thus, the geological characteristics of the drainage basins and aquifers, physico-chemical properties and hydrological conditions are factors affecting the radiological quality of the surface waters and groundwaters. The radium isotopes usually monitored in waters for the purpose of assessing their radiological quality are 226Ra and 228Ra due to their longer half-life. The limits recommended by the Brazilian and World Health Organization legislations for the intake of 226Ra and 228Ra in drinking water are 1 Bq/L (=1000 mB/L) and 0.1 Bq/L (=100 mBq/L), respectively. Analyses of most natural waters have shown that 226Ra and 228Ra are present at very low activities, usually lower than the guideline reference values. However, some rock types in fractured aquifers contain relatively high concentrations of uranium and thorium, such as granites and alkaline rocks that can contribute to the release of enhanced radium levels into the waters. Additionally to these geogenic factors, anthropogenic activities such as ores mining, fertilizer production and electricity generation by nuclear power plants may also increase the presence of radium in the water resources. This book reports a relevant 226Ra and 228Ra dataset in waters and bottom sediments occurring at two alkaline geological domains of Minas Gerais State, southeast Brazil.

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This book includes nine chapters detailing recent advances in engineering research. Chapter One considers the factors affecting fuel consumption in the open pit mining model by investigating the existing equipment and machinery, and examines the results and consequences of reducing the effects of fuel mismanagement and increasing energy efficiency. Chapter Two aims to address the coaxial mixer principle and comprehensively discuss its agitation mechanism applied to the single and multiphase flows considering Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Chapter Three presents a methodological framework for the implementation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the management of cultural heritage. Chapter Four considers 182 licensed wind farms that are under operation in various parts of Turkey using the Data Envelopment Analysis. Chapter Five discusses the influence of cooling rate on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties for a thermomechanically processed near eutectoid steel, particularly with Nb microalloying. Chapter Six concerns a non-standard multicopter design. Chapter Seven reports on pulse generation via mode-locking and Q-switching. Chapter Eight proposes an energy-efficient write scheme for phase change memory. Finally, Chapter Nine reveals the orbiting satellite dynamics in the form of nonlinear stochastic differential equation (SDE) and state vectors.

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This monograph briefly describes the properties of Euclidean geometry and Riemannian geometry. The significance of the genetic code in connection with the established laws of transmission of hereditary information in the polytope of hereditary information and their sequence in the chain of nucleotides is discussed. Information processes in living matter play a significant role in ensuring the sustainable existence of living organisms. In this regard, the monograph pays great attention to the study of information flows in polytopes of the highest dimension, which are biomolecules. It is shown that the higher the dimensionality of the polytope, the more powerful the information flow it has. This allows living organisms to create reliable protection against harmful external influences (for example, from viruses). In general, the monograph represents a new worldview of nature and life on Earth, which is based on the highest dimension of the molecules of chemical compounds.

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This book includes eight chapters, each of which details recent advances in energy research. Chapter One examines wave power absorption using wave energy converters. Chapter Two discusses various synthesis methods for zinc oxide nanostructures, nanogenerator fabrication, and tests its performance. Chapter Three investigates the feasibility of form-stable phase change materials for thermoelectric energy harvesting applications. Chapter Four utilizes the semiotic square analysis to identify and elaborate the semantic categories of energy transition ideologies. Chapter Five deals with pyrolysis of peanut shells examining two possible routes to enhance yield and/or quality of the resulting bio-oils and to improve sustainability. Chapter Six provides an introduction to synchrotron-based X-ray techniques for analyzing energy storage materials. Chapter Seven addresses the application of Weibull distribution to analyze wind energy aspects. Finally, Chapter Eight explores the optimal design parameters of a three-magnet electromagnetic vibration-based generator under subsea conditions.

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This volume includes eight chapters that provide updates in agricultural research. Chapter One elucidates utilization of refined soybean oil and the by-products from the refinery process relating to food production. Chapter Two deals with the use of single 6-benzylaminopurine spray to increase biomass accumulation in cacti. Chapter Three examines the governance efficiency of agricultural farms in Bulgaria. Chapter Four highlights the contribution of organic matter in traditional soil fertility management practices. Chapter Five addresses the potential of saponins in mycorrhizal plants for enhancing biosynthesis. Chapter Six examines the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and secondary metabolites on herbs including oregano, sage, basil, and others. Chapter Seven explicates the different aspects of soil fertility and its importance in agriculture. Lastly, Chapter Eight evaluates the extraction of polyphenols of some agro-industrial co-products with soybean oil as solvent to enhance antioxidant properties.

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Cerebral Palsy (CP) includes a group of permanent but non-progressive motor disturbances caused by defects in an immature brain. Next to postural abnormalities, movement disorders are commonly acknowledged. Speech deficits, communication delays, challenging behaviors, and locomotion and/or gait inabilities are usually embedded. Furthermore, children and adolescents with CP may have intellectual disabilities. Beside pharmacological approach and surgical interventions, cognitive-behavioral programs and assistive technology-based setups may be implemented. Both clinical practice and applied research may be targeted. The current volume emphasizes a two-decade professional experience of the Editor who works on technological-aided rehabilitative interventions to help people with multiple disabilities in daily settings. The independence, an active role, positive participation and functional occupation of individuals with severe to profound developmental disabilities were highlighted. The book includes eight chapters and provides the reader with practical guidance in daily circumstances. Chapter One is focused on an orthodontist's perspective and deals with oral features, diagnostic method, and customized treatment to enhance the safety and the compliance of patients with CP. Chapter Two evaluates support networks of families raising a child with CP. Two different European geographic populations (i.e., Greece and Italy) were systematically compared. Chapter Three describes findings on Cerebral Palsy in Mexican pediatric patients and an experience in a National Institute of Health. Chapter Four presents a short clinical literature review on rehabilitation in CP. The newest empirical contributions were critically discussed. Chapter Five develops an on-track monitoring system to clarify longitudinal trajectories in children with cerebral palsy and systematic comparisons between children with CP were assessed. Chapter Six further argues on unique challenges for oral care and useful recommendations are outlined. Chapter Seven details a computerized customized system to enable three children with an independent request and choice process of desired items. Chapter Eight implements a keyboard tailored emulator to get literacy access in a child with cerebral palsy estimated in the normal range of intellectual functioning. A practical and updated guide to daily challenges posed by children and adolescents with cerebral palsy was presented. Both literature reviews and empirical contributions provide the reader with helpful tips on daily use once tackled with cerebral palsy. Clinical features of individuals with cerebral palsy were detailed and practical supervision was explained. That is, daily recommendations were argued with specific examples in different settings. Oral care, academic performance, leisure opportunities, and occupation options were fostered through practical and clinical guidance.

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Pi-conjugated polymers (PCPs) are organic macromolecular systems characterized by backbone chains with alternating single and double bonds and are fascinating materials for energy-related applications. The first chapter shall help those readers who are new to the domain of PCPs to assimilate the fundamental features and the excellent opportunities associated with such macrosystems. Chapter 2 focuses on a special and growing class of PCPs -- heavy main group element containing heterocyclic systems and their unique properties. The dynamic domain of conjugated porous polymers, versatile photocatalysts, is discussed in Chapter 3. The synthetic strategies, functional modifications, characteristics, and recent applications of poly(oxadiazole)s and poly(indolocarbazole)s have been presented in Chapter 4. A basic understanding of the photophysics of conjugated polymer nanoparticles and the related fabrication routes are illustrated in Chapter 5, followed by the illustration of the theory behind the utilization for modelling and simulation in Chapter 6.

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The aim of this book is to have a detailed discussion of cybersecurity and digital forensics for creating effective defence, analysis, and investigation of cybercrime. A broad coverage of technical and socio-economic perspectives for utilizing information and communication technologies and developing practical solutions in cybersecurity, cybercrime, and cyber forensics will be discussed. The many academic areas covered in this book include, but are not limited to: Digital Transformation and New Crimes; Evolution of Digital Forensics; Cybercrime: Privacy, Security and Law Enforcement ; Digital Forensics and Cybersecurity; Mobile, Cloud and Network Forensics ; Virtual Crimes of the Information Age; AI and Cybersecurity; Securing Next Generation Internet Services. There will be comprehensive discussion/research on cybercrimes and forensics, a somewhat new field, as true internet/online crimes have really only started to gain recognition in the past 10-20 years. This book presents a thorough analysis of mobile forensics, big data and cloud forensics, social networking forensics, and instant messaging apps in forensics, with the challenges that law enforcement agencies are encountering.

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This reader is designed to be a concise summary of the history of the European Union. Starting with the rebirth of a common European vision right after WWII, this reader will elaborate on all the vital events and treaties that have come to substantially shape the course of the European Union to the point where it is today. Due reference is devoted to the current state-of-arts of the Union too (critically, but fairly and objectively assessed). Even though the European Union considerably contributes to improved living conditions being the form and the substance for European citizens and is commonly accepted as a heavy-weight tool on the global political stage, it is yet to fully realize its capacities. The present reader does not seek to take position nor to make a case that the precise institution that came to be known as the European Union shall be exempt of criticism and questioning. Instead, the authors wish to convey an idea and an understanding of a real-life model, an essence of transnational cooperation. As such, it is objectively valuable to learn it and learn from it in order to give a chance to the widest range possible of actors to fuel the current or future discussions on multilateral cooperation possibilities world-wide, understood here as a means to join forces in solidarity and reach common goals.

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Cloud computing solutions have been gaining traction in the commercial world due to their capacity to provide on-demand access to resources, govern the software environment, and augment existing systems. As a result, universities around the world have included cloud computing and related technologies in their curricula, and information technology organisations are speeding up their skill-set evolution in order to better prepare for emerging cloud technologies and public expectations, such as new services. The primary goal of this book is to present the most up-to-date information about cloud computing technologies and applications. This book provides a detailed introduction of the research fields, recent work, and open research questions in the emerging field of cloud computing. Also, the present book will look for potential research areas and technologies that will make it easier to build a global market for cloud computing services that support scientific, industrial, business, and consumer applications. The benefits associated with cloud computing are enormous, and for rapid development, there is a massive requirement of research and development in this field. CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ENABLING FUTURE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT aims to make readers and researchers understand the internals of cloud computing and how cloud technology can be used for enabling future technology development.

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This book is mainly focused on issues related to soil and ecosystem management. At present, management of soil from an ecosystem perspective is a prime concern for biodiversity conservation and can only be achieved after proper scientific management of the rhizosphere. The ecosystem services are varied with benefits to humans given by the nature-based environment. These ecosystems include crop ecosystems, forest ecosystems, agro ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems. According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOUN) in the section Ecosystem Services & Biodiversity (ESB), the ecosystem services are the multitude of benefits that nature provides to society. Biodiversity is diversity among living organisms, which is essential to ecosystem function and services delivery. According to FAOUN, ecosystem could be understood as living elements which interact with each other and their non-living environments, providing benefits, or services, to the world. Meanwhile, ecosystem services make human life possible by, for example, providing nutritious food and clean water, regulating disease and climate, supporting the pollination of crops and soil formation, and providing recreational, cultural and spiritual benefits. Despite an estimated value of $125 trillion, these assets are not adequately accounted for in political and economic policy, which means there is insufficient investment in their protection and management. Biodiversity includes diversity within and among species and ecosystems. Changes in biodiversity can influence the supply of ecosystem services. Biodiversity, as with ecosystem services, must be protected and sustainably managed. The present book focuses on soil and ecosystem management with a possible solution to manage the soil ecosystem.

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