Search results for ""Author Leon V Berhardt""

This volume includes eight chapters which describe recent advances in medicine and biology. Chapter One summarises new therapeutics for the treatment of optic neuritis, a condition involving primary inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury of the optic nerve. Chapter Two uses animal models of viral myocarditis to study the natural history, genetics, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestation of viral myocarditis in humans. Chapter Three evaluates the functions of fibroblast growth factors in physiological mechanisms, their role in maintaining homeostatic balance, their role in signal transduction regulation, metabolism and interactions between organisms, and their relationship with diseases. Chapter Four investigates the potential of antibiotics to fight against the inherently nonspecific adaptation mechanisms of bacteria. Chapter Five deals with new methodologies for drug development to counter the evolution of mechanisms to resist antibiotics such as efflux pumps in bacteria that cause infectious disease. Chapter Six concerns the development of new therapeutic strategies regarding the involvement of brain neuropeptides in alcohol use disorder. Chapter Seven examines growth promotion and changes in functional constituents through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis in Asian ginseng. Finally, Chapter Eight explicates procedures for postoperative care in thoracic surgery.

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This volume discusses the merits and demerits of currently available conventional cholera vaccine delivery systems and therapies, and the potential role of novel nanomaterials-based delivery approaches for the management of cholera. Cholera, the watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a major public health issue in the developing world. V. cholerae is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic, aquatic bacterium with single polar flagellum and is a member of γ subdivision of the family Proteobacteriaceae. Following this, the structures and functions of human helicases and the 5-upstream regions of the encoding genes are classified for further investigation. Genetic studies have revealed that mutations in some of these genes are associated with certain human diseases, including Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Cockayne Syndrome and Werner Syndrome. The authors describe a practical exercise where the construction of a pharmacophore model is interpreted with the aid of 2-D structures, while the final model is used in a virtual screening to identify potentially active kinase inhibitors. The use of freely available software and web servers makes this exercise a useful and easily implementable resource for almost any undergraduate student. This compilation also addresses how folate intake during pregnancy is essential for adequate fetoplacental development and for the health of the baby. Neural tube defects are a preventable cause of mortality and morbidity, and the prevalence of neural tube defects has significantly decreased worldwide after the fortification of folic acid. Subsequently, the authors describe recent findings in the storage and supply site, localization, and imaging of high-density lipoprotein in human coronary arteries. In an effort to achieve less invasive surgery justified by better outcomes, lower hospital costs, patient recovery time and cosmetic results, the authors also review innovative surgical techniques such as minilaparoscopy, single incision laparoscopic surgery, natural orifice transluminal surgery and others that are being employed or expected to be the future. The concluding chapter describes several cases where Mycoplasma have led to the electronic contamination of prestigious public data stores.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 155 reviews whether the non-surgical and non-pharmacological interventions commonly used for knee osteoarthritis patients are effective and, if effective, which ones are the most effective. For this, randomized controlled trials were identified through electronic databases. Following this, the authors discuss how the early identification of target subjects who are at high cardiometabolic risk is important for critical lifestyle interventions and pharmacological management strategies. Additionally, they discuss the diversity, biotechnological applications and sustainable bioproduction of chitinases enzyme from Streptomyces origin, as well as their properties, production and potential applications in the industrial and biotechnological spheres. New strategies such as the use of atomic force microscopy, the isolation of cardiomyocytes, primary culturing in different types of substrates as well as transcriptomic studies are enabling the understanding of how these cells can be affected by different pathologies. As such, in this compilation these issues are updated by analyzing how new approaches to basic aspects of the structure and physiology of cardiomyocytes can be of clinical relevance. This collection also discusses chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase belonging to the chitinase family. This family includes 18 chitinases united by the features of their molecular structure. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is a common, multifactorial process also associated with aging, which frequently causes central canal stenosis. Several types of interbody fusion procedures that may treat of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis are examined, particularly lateral lumbar interbody fusion. The final chapter explores the role surgical intervention plays in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

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Volume 154 first compares the scleral buckle procedure to pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy for the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment to evaluate patient outcomes, single surgery reattachment rate, and complications. Following this, the authors review recent advances in liver organoids differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and discuss the future directions of organoid technology. Additionally, the authors compare the efficacy of low-level red and infrared laser irradiation for the correction of adverse side effects in the oral mucosa in patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy for oral and pharyngeal cancer. In vivo oral mucosa state monitoring is carried out in patients during the course of oral and pharyngeal cancer radiation/chemoradiation therapy using multimodal optical coherence tomography. An overview of the current methods used for diagnosing, classification of fractures, treatment, and prevention of periprosthetic femur fractures following total hip arthroplasty is provided. This collection also investigates the presence of kyphosis in adolescents and the association between the incidence of kyphosis and age, the average duration of the sports training, body mass index, weight, height and pulse in adolescents who have participated in karate, swimming and handball. The authors attempt to describe advancements in the electrochemistry of cytochrome P450 enzymes and study molecular aspects and catalytic behavior of enzymatic electrocatalysis. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of major causes of liver fibrosis, medicinal plants and the role of medicinal plants in combatting liver fibrosis is provided. Lastly, this compilation recapitulates the history of artificial intelligence in Chinese medicine, focusing on the way Chinese medicine is being revolutionized by this state-of-the-art technology, and how healthcare in China is influenced by various artificial intelligence systems.

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This volume, comprised of six chapters, presents some of the latest advancements in medicine and biology research. Chapter One investigates six linear traits of three species of beetles in the Southern Siberian and North Caucasus mountains. Chapter Two analyses the efficiency of surgical treatment of tuberculosis, which remained common in Russia despite the development of efficient and less invasive drug therapies. Chapter Three summarises the literature on temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Chapter Four discusses the neuroprotective effects of some of the most used nutraceutical compounds and their possible future neuro-therapeutic role. Chapter Five examines the neurological differences in emotional processing between males and females. Lastly, Chapter Six assesses sexual dimorphism using the NumPy library for the Python programming language by creating digital analogue arrays of the histochemical activity of the acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and peroxidase using the example of sebaceous and eccrine glands of the skin of male and female Norway rats.

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This edited monograph includes seven chapters, each discussing recent advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses the biomedical engineering must frequently develop a great variety of sensors by including information from performance of bio-samples (cell cultures or tissues), technical specifications of transducers, and constrains derived from electronic circuits. In this work it is described a methodology for real-time cell culture monitoring system design; analysing, modelling, and integrating into the design flow the electrodes, cell culture and test circuit's influences. Chapter Two contributes to a deeper understanding of the main pathways playing a role in the complex mechanisms triggered in Fe-treated organisms. Chapter Three describes one of the most important medical evolutions of the last decade is the development of personalised medicine. The success of personalised medicine depends on having accurate diagnostic tests that identify patients who can benefit from targeted treatment strategies. Over the last years, a large range of different omics have led to the development of valuable biomarkers, based on genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics etc. Only few attention has been paid to the study of glycomics, an attractive though not well known technology that can lead to the development of biomarkers in a variety of diseases. Chapter Four provides information that amoeboid protists are a taxonomically eclectic group encompassing 'amoebae' and 'amoeboflagellates'. They are single-celled organisms that move by a crawling-like motion, while extending pseudopodia (slender or finger-shaped protrusions) from the periphery of the cell. Their shape is highly variable; and the number and organization of the pseudopodia, in addition to cell shape, are important features used to categorize and taxonomically identify the amoebae. Chapter Five subject dealt with in this chapter may be useful for improving strategies to treat certain diseases as well as for the design of materials for tissue engineering, among other applications. Chapter Six indicates that abnormalities in physical properties of the cell membranes may be strongly linked to hypertension and other circulatory disorders. Finally, Chapter Seven review that Diphtheria, known to be an acute toxin mediated, contagious febrile illness is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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This edited monograph contains five chapters that present advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One provides a comprehensive review of the biological specimens used to monitor antipsychotic drugs as well as the analytical methods and sample preparation techniques used for their determination. Chapter Two focuses on estradiol and how it regulates the biology of innate and adaptive immune cell subpopulations, and how it may contribute to the resolution, exacerbation, or treatment for colorectal cancer. Chapter Three discusses the involvement of vitamin A in different areas such as embryonic development, development of the nervous system, and diseases. Chapter Four discusses environmentally friendly methods for the production of bismuth nitrate solutions and conditions for the hydrolytic purification of bismuth from the main metal impurities, specifies the compositions of the compounds used in medicine, and gives the production conditions for high purity bismuth compounds and the data on their toxicity. Finally, Chapter Five describes the use of gravitational mass spectroscopy to study the evolution of muscles.

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